
LEWISTON CITY BUILDING, 1891. 



HISTORY 



OF 



oir 



Androscoggin County, 



MAINE 



(ILLUSTRATED ) 



"Out of monuiuents, names, words, proverbs, traditions, records, 
fragments of stone, passages of books, and the like, we^ 
recover somewhat from the deluge of time." ■"■■^ " 'j';?C^>v 

JAN 26 1892 






w 



GEORGIA DREW MERRILL, EDITOR. 



W. A. FERGUSSON & CO. 

BOSTON, MASS. 

1891. 






Copyright, 1891. 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 



JOURNAL PRESS, UEWISTON, ME. 



FROM innumerable sources of information, — many of them broken, frag- 
mentary, and imperfect, — from books, manuscripts, records, and private 
documents, we have gathered much of value respecting this valley of 
Androscoggin and its savage and civilized occupancy. In our labors we liave 
endeavored to separate truth from error, fact from fiction, as they come down 
to us from the half-forgotten days in legend, tradition and the annals of 
the past. 

We express our thanks to those who have willingly given of their time and 
lab(jr to aid us ; to those who have contributed the illustrations, thereby adding 
much to the value of this work; to those whose cheering words and earnest 
assistance have ever been at our service ; and to those whose courtesy has been 
extended to us during our sojourn in this most progressive of counties. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Chapter I i' 

The County of Androscoggin. — Territory — Organization — Towns Included — 
Name— Location and Area— Agriculture, Population, and Valuation— Manufactures and 
Wealth— Census Statistics— Financial Condition from Organization— State Tax, 1890 
and 1891. 

Chapter II 22 

Geology. — Rock Formations — Unstratified or Igneous Rocks— Stratified Rocks — 
Formations in Maine— Age of Ice— Glacial Drift— Lower and Upper Till— Cliamplain 
Period— Modified Drift— Surface Geology— Drift Period— Beach and Terrace Periods, 
etc.— Montalban or White Mountain Formation— Tourmalines and Associate Minerals- 
Pratt's Cave — Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc. * 

Chapter III. 32 

The Androscoggin River. — Williamson's Description — Piiysical and Geological 
Features— Drainage District— Altitudes— Principal Tributaries in this County — Water- 
Powers. 

Chapter IV. 44 

Aboriginal Tribes and History. — (By J. G. Elder). 

Chapter V 49 

Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc.— The Cabots— Mary of Guilford— English Claims— 
Norumbega— Bartholomew Gosnold and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims 
and Occupancy — Captain Weymouth— Grants by James I— North Virginia— Plymouth 
Company— Captain John Smith— New England— Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain 
John Mason— Province of Maine— Laconia— First English Settlements— Kennebec and 
Other Patents— Plymouth Council— The Twelve Grand Divisions— Resignation of Ply- 
mouth Patent— William Gorges— New Patent of Maine— Gorgeana— Settlement under 
Gorges — Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship. 

Chapter VI. 56 

The Pejepscot Claim (By J. G. Elder).— Thomas Purchase— Purchase and Way's 
Patent— Assignment to Governor Winthrop— Richard Wharton— The Six Indian Saga- 
mores' Deed — Pejepscot Proprietors— Definition of Territory. 

Chapter VII 64 

Early Settlements. — Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley — After the Revo- 
lution—Population from 1780 to 1800 — Commencement of the Nineteenth Century — 
Effects of the War of 1812— Severity of Climate— The Cold Year— Improvement in Con- 
dition — Changes and Progress in Agriculture — Development and Change— Manufact- 
uring. 



vi Contents. 



Chapter VIII 69 

The Birds of Androscoggin County. — (By II. E. Walter). 

Chapter IX 94 

Mail Uodtes, Railroads, and Post-offices.— Early MailRoutes— Staging— Railroads- 
Post-offices and Postmasters. 

Chapter X. 105 

Military Affairs.— Maine Regiments in the Civil War— The Soldiers of Androscoggin 
Countj'— The Grand Army Posts and Associate Bodies. 

Chapter XI 183 

Bates College. — (By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D.). — Difficulties in Founding a 
College in New England. Raison d'etre: Denominational Need — Co-education — Indigent 
Students — Local Support— General Public. The Beginning of the College: The Maine State 
Seminary— Organization of the College — Au Honored Name — Other Details — The Terms of 
Admission — First Faculty — College and Seminary Separated — The Latin School — Cobb 
Divinity School— Faculty — Courses of Study. Growth of the College — Storm and Stress — 
Relief— Benefactors and Benefactions — The Equipment of the College — The Gymnasiixm — 
The Libraries — The Cabinet — Instructors and Instruction — Characteristic Features: Co-edu- 
cation — Open Societies — Needy Students Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside Lectures — 
Morals and Religion— Interest of the Faculty in Students— The Alumni— Alumni Asso- 
ciations. 

Chapter XII 208 

Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 

Chapter XIII 281 

The Press of Androscoggin— County Medical Association — The Grange— Women's Chris- 
tian Temperance Union. 

Chapter XIV 300 

National, State, and County Officers.— United States Senators— Representatives in 
Congress— State Officers— Representatives to the Massachusetts Legislature— Members of 
the Constitutional Convention of 1819— State Senators— Members of Maine Legislature- 
Clerks of Court— County Attorneys— Sheriffs— Judges of Probate— Registers of Probate- 
County Treasurers— County Commissioners— Registers of Deeds. 

(Chapter XV 307 

The Courts and Bench and Bar.— The Courts- Supreme Judicial Court— Probate 
and Insolvent Courts— Court of County Commissioners— Auburn Municipal Court— Lew- 
iston Municipal Court— County Buildings— The Little Family— Bench and Bar. 

CITIES AND TOWNS.-EASTERN DIVISION. 

LEWISTON.-(By J. G. Elder). 
Chapter XVI 343 

The Town. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc.— Conditions of 
Grant— Pioneer Settlers— Incorporation— Growth— Civil List. 



Contents. vii 



Chapter XVII 357 

Ecclesiastical History — Church Organizations — Schools. 

Chapter XVIII 382 

Saw and Grist Mills^Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co. — R. C. Pingree & Co. — Read, 
Small & Co. — Barker's Mills — Other Mills — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co. — The First 
Cotton Mill — Lewiston Water-Power Co. — Franklin Co. — Lincoln Mill— Bates Manufact- 
uring Company — Hill Manufacturing Co. — Androscoggin Mill — Continental Mills— The 
Lewiston Mill — Avon Mill — Lewiston Bleachery — Cowan Woolen Co. — Cumberland Mill — 
Union Water-Power Co. — Lewiston Machine Co. — Gay- Woodman Co. — Jordan, Frost 
& Co. — Lewiston Bobbin Shoii— H. H. Dickey & Son — Lewiston Monumental Works — Other 
Manufactures. 

Chapter XIX 395 

Railroads — County and State Agricultural Societies — Fire Department — Lewiston Gas 
Light Co.— Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association — Lewiston City Buildings — 
City Park — Soldiers' Monument — Lewiston Water Works — Lewiston & Auburn Horse Rail- 
road—First National Bank — Manufacturers National Bank — Androscoggin County Savings 
Bank — People's Savings Bank^Board of Trade — Central Maine General Hospital — French 
Hospital — Y. M. C. A. — Nealey Rifles — Frye Light Guards — Associations. 

Chapter XX 406 

Physicians — Merchants — Business Interests — Personal Sketches — Resume. 

LISBON.— (By Asa P. Moore, Esq.). 
Chapter XXI 433 

Early Boundaries — Petitions — Town of Bowdoin — Incorporation of Thompsonborough — 
Situation, Limits, and Formation — Surface and Soil — Description— Old Houses— Education — 
Occupation of First Settlers — Early History — Other Settlers and Descendants — Early 
Mills — War of 1812 — Physicians — First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough — School 
Districts — Extracts from Town Records — Action in the Civil War — Civil List. 

Chapter XXII 450 

Religious Societies — Free Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — IVIethodists— Bap- 
tist Church of Lisbon Falls — The Roman Catholic Church. 

Chapter XXIII 456 

Lisbon Business Interests — Traders, etc. — Farwell's Cotton Mills— The Farnsworth Co. — 
New England Mineral Paint Co. — Personal Sketches — Lisbon Falls — Worumbo Manu- 
facturing Co. — The Androscoggin Water-Power Co. — Lisbon Falls Fibre Co. — Lisbon Falls 
Cooperative Association — Lisbon Falls Creamery Association — Merchants, etc. — Personal 
Sketches. 

WEBSTER. 
Chapter XXIV 468 

Incorporation — Elevations, Ponds, and Streams — Grants, Surveys, and Soil — Settlers — 
Early Roads — Some First Things — Early Values — First Magistrates — Lawyers — Physicians — 
Other Settlers and Descendants — First Town Meeting and Excerpts from Town Records — 
Webster in the Civil War — Civil List. 



viii Contents. 



Chapter XXV 477 

Sabattus — Saw and Grist Mills — Niles's Mills — Webster M^oolen Co. — Traders, etc.— 
Sabattus CcxJperative Association— Webster Corner— Farmers— Churches— Schools. 

WALES.— (By John C. Fogg, Esq.). 

Chapter XXVI 485 

Organization- Surface and Soil— Settlements and Settlers— Churches— Schools— Mills 
and Manufactures— Civil List and Town Records— Action in the Kebellion. 

GREENE. 
Chapter XXVII 499 

Area— Boundaries— Elevations— Ponds— Soil— Productions— The First Settlers— Petition 
for Incorporation— Remonstrance Against Incorporation— Incorporation— Development of 
Business— Pearly Conveyances— Valuation and Residents in 1818— Lots and Occupants in 
1820— Gleanings from Town Records — Early Action Concerning Schools. 

Chapter XXVIII 511 

Settlers and Descendants. 

Chapter XXIX 529 

Baptist Church — First Meeting-House— First Church Bell — Universalism — Free Baptist 
Church —Methodists — Adventists— Schools and Teachers — Temperance — Revolution — War 
of 1812 — Madawaska War— Rebellion — Centennial— Longevity — Burying Grounds — Physi- 
cians — Orcliardiiig and Orchardists— Merchants — Some Smart Things Done by Greene Men- 
Natives of Greene Attaining Prominence — Civil List. 

LEEDS. 
Chapter XXX 550 

Boundaries— Formation-Surface and Soil— Dead River— Its Peculiarities— Indian Vil- 
lage—Thomas and Roger Stinchfield— Early Settlers— Heads of Families in the First Part 
of this Century— Character of the Early Settlers— Soldiers of the Revolutionary War and 
War of 1812— Early Roads. 

Chapter XXXI 557 

Excerpts from Town Records— First Town Meeting— First Officers— Action in the Civil 
War— Civil List. 

Chapter XXXII. 562 

The First Baptist Church — Universalism — Methodism — The First Freewill Baptist 
Church— The Quakers— Schools— Temperance— Mills— Other Industries— Sketches. 

EAST LIVERMORE.— (By Cyrus Knapp, Esq.). 

Chapter XXXIII 584 

Incorporation— Topography— Li vermore Falls — Early Mills — Freshet— Early Business 
Places and Residences— Advent of the Railroad— Hotels and Stores— Dr Millett and Lawyer 
Knapp — Toll Bridge — Railroad Extension — Mills and Manufacturing — Churches — I. O. 
G. T.— Camp-Ground— Physicians— Lawyers— Civil List— Personal Sketches. 



Contents. ix 



CITIES AND TOWNS-WESTERN DIVISION. 

AUBURN. 

Chapter XXXIV 599 

Auburn— Indian Occupancy— Territory — Title— Surface— Soil— Early Settlers and Lots — 
Incorporation— Action and Growth— Goff's Corner — Early Settlements— Stores and Trad- 
ers — The Carpet Factory — First Teacher— First Hotel — Increase in Values— Business Houses 
in 1851— Formation of Androscoggin County— The Great Fire— Auburn Village Corporation- 
Auburn Village in 1859— East Auburn— West Auburn— North Auburn— Stevens Mills— New 
Auburn. 

Chapter XXXV 611 

City of Auburn. — Its Growth and Prosperity — Extracts from Official Reports, etc. — 
Statistics — Action in the Rebellion — Civil List. 

Chapter XXXVI 027 

Early Shoe Manufacturing— Progress from 1800 to 1870 — Manufacturers Twenty Years 
Ago— Statistics from 1871 to 1881— Manufacturers Ten Years Ago— From 1881 to 1891— Shoe 
and Other Manufactories, January, 1891 — The Shoe Companies — Other Manufacturing — 
Minor Industries, etc. 

Chapter XXXVII 642 

Auburn Bank — First National Bank — Auburn Savings Bank — National Shoe and Leather 
Bank — Mechanics Savings Bank — American Banking and Trust Co. — Auburn Trust Co. — 
Municipal Court — Board of Trade — Maine Benefit Association — Auburn Loan and Building 
Association — Androscoggin Land Association — Lake Auburn Fish Protective Association — 
Auburn Aqueduct Co. — Little Androscoggin Water- Power Co. — Lewiston and Auburn 
Electric Light Co. — Physicians — Leading Traders — Merchants and Business Men — Organ- 
izations. 

Chapter XXXVIIT 657 

Universalist Churches — Congregational Churches — Baptist Churches — Free Baptist 
Church — Methodist Episcopal Churches — Episcopal Church — Y. M. C. A. — Schools — Ladies' 
Charitable Society — Auburn Art Club — Associated Charities — Public Library. 

DANVILLE.— (By George Thomas Little). 

Chapter XXXIX 691 

Municipal Affairs — Civil List — Settlement and Social Life, etc. — Matters Ecclesiastical. 

Chapter XL 703 

Educational History and Lewiston Falls Academy — Biographical. 

POLAND. 
Chapter XLI 716 

Bakerstown. — Grant of — First Location — Origin of Name — Proprietors of — "A Town- 
ship Lost" — The New Grant — First Division of Lots — Action of Proprietors — Settlers and 
Improvements in 1783— Petit'on of Settlers, 1785 — Bridgham & Glover Purchase — Liti- 
gation — Final Settlement and Award to Little. 



Contents. 



Chapter XLII 725 

Incorporation— Surface and Soil— Early Settlers— Hackett's Mills— Poland Corner— West 
Poland— Early Traders, etc.— Early Taverns— South Poland— Poland Spring— Mechanic 
Falls— Paper-Making— Poland Paper Company— Other Business Interests— Mechanic Falls 
Ledger — Physicians, etc. 

Chapter XLIII 7il 

Congregational Churches— Universalist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Freewill 
Baptist Churches— Adventism— Shakers— Baptist Church— Gleanings from Town Records- 
Civil List. 

MINOT. 
Chapter XLIV 757 

Incorporation — Boundaries — Name— Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valuation — 
First Settler— Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants— Early and Other Settlers— Voters 
of 1800. 

Chapter XLV 768 

Town Records, Happenings, etc. — Minot in the War— Civil List— Churches — Schools — 
Physicians. 

Chapter XLVI 779 

Mechanic Falls — Minot Corner — West Minot — Some of Minot's Principal Farmers 
from 1840. 

DURHAM. 

Chapter XLVII 791 

Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface and Soil — Royalsborough — First Plantation 
Meeting — Extracts from Plantation Records — Plantation Committees — Incorporation of 
Durham — First Town Meeting — Extracts from Town Records — War of 1812 — Rebellion — 
Civil List. 

Chapter XLVIII 796 

Prominent Early and Other Settlers — Congregational Church — First Free Baptist 
Church — Quakers — Methodist Episcopal Church — Baptist Church — Universalists — Tem- 
perance — Centennial — Growth and Prosperity — Hotels, Traders, etc. 

TURNER. 

Chapter XLIX 806 

Boundaries— Township Granted— Sylvester-Cauada—Names of Proprietors— Descrip- 
tion— Attempts at Settlement— Pioneer and Other Settlers— Inhabitants in 1780—1790— 
1800 — Town Annals, etc. 

Chapter L 815 

County Roads and Taverns— Industries, Traders, etc.— Tu'uer Village— Turner Centre- 
North Turner— Keen's Mills— Chase's Mills— Bridges— Civi,' List. 



Contents. xi 



Chapter LI 825 

Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism — The Baptists — Universalism — Methodist Episcopal 
Church — Meeting-Houses — Schools — Temperance — Physicians — Lawyers — Centennial — 
Something About Some of the People. 

LIVERMORE. 

Chapter LII. 842 

Situation— Soil — Incorporation — First Meeting and Names of Proprietors — Extracts from 
Proprietors' Records— Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers — Early Boundaries — 
What Paul Coffin Writes of the People — Other Settlers, etc. 

Chapter LIII 856 

Excerpts from Town Records— Early Mills— Early Traders and Tradesmen — Livermore 
Village— North Livermore — Livermore Centre — Farmers — Revolutionary Soldiei's — Early 
Militia — War of 1812 — Civil War — Ecclesiastical — Physicians and Lawyers — Education— The 
Norlands — Washburn Memorial Library — Civil List. 

Appendix — Knights of Pythias 873 



ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHIES. 



PAGE 

Lewiston City Hall, 189L Frontispiece. 

Hathorn Hall, 183 

Cobb Divinity School, 191 

Hedge Laboratory, 200 

Edward Little, Esq 310 

Hon. Josiah Little, 313 

Hon. Edward T. Little, 315 

Hon. Nahum Morrill, 320 

Hon. W. W. Bolster, 322 

Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., 327 

Col. Franklin M. Drew, 330 

Hon. Albert R. Savage, 334 

The First City Hall of Lewiston 343 

Hon. Alonzo Garcelon, A.M., M.D., 420 

Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., A.M., LL.D 422 

Oren B. Cheney, D.D 426 

Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, 429 

Cyrus I. Barker 432 



xii Contents. 

Hon. William D. Pennell 432 b 

Hon. Augustus Sprague, 544 

Gen. Aaron S. Daggett, 546 

Capt. Jabez Pratt 548 

Hon. Leavitt Lothrop, 576 

Giddings Lane, 577 

Isaac Boothby, Jr., 579 

F. D. Millett, 580 

Isaiah B. Additon, 582 

Albion Ricker Millett, M.D., 596 

Residence of Charles L. Cushman, 599 

Court Street Factory of Ara Cushman Co., 634 

Edwanl Little High School, G76 

Ara Cushman, 684 

Residence of Ara Cushman, 686 

William W. Stetson, Ph.D., 688 

Albert M. Penley 690a 

Hon. Adna C. Denison, 754 

Josiah A. Bucknam, 788 



SOMETHING ABOUT SOME OF THE PEOPLE. 



PAGE 

Hon. James Lowell, 415 

Col. John M. Frye, 415 

Maj. William R. Frye 415 

Edward P. Tobie 416 

Capt. Daniel Holland, 416 

John Read, Esq., 417 

Hon. Jacob B, Ham, 417 

Prof. Thomas H. Rich, A.M., 418 

I!enj. E. Bates, 428 

Arcliie Lee Talbot, 432 c 

Hon. Jesse Davis 458 

James Maxwell 473 

Samuel Simmons 473 

Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.D., 5J8 

Rev. Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D., 52o 



Contents. xiii 



Hon. Elijah Barrell 524 

Alfred Pierce, M.D. 525 

The Howards, 572 

Rev. Samuel Boothby, 575 

Capt. Ezekiel Treat 597 

Jacob H. Roak 628 

Rev. James Drummond, 664 

Rev. A. S. Ladd, _ 672 

James Goff, 679 

Daniel Briggs, 679 

John Dingley, (iSO 

Nathan Haskell, 681 

Capt. Aaron Bird, 681 

Col. Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, 681 

David R. Loring, 682 

Col. Thomas Llttlefield, 683 

Andrevr Robinson Giddinge, 713 

Capt. John Penley 715 

Hon. Josiah Dunn, 727 

Daniel W. True 730 

The Rickers, 735 

Dr. Moses R. Pulsifer, 740 

Rev. Zenas Thompson 745 

Luther Perkins, 756 

Capt. Daniel Bucknam, 758 

Samuel Verrill, 762 

Capt. William Ladd 763 

Eliab Washburn 764 

Capt. Jacob Dwinal, • . . . . 781 

Gideon Bearce, 787 

Jacob Leavitt, *8t58^ 

Ichabod Bonney 810 

Benjamin Conant, 812 

Rev. Charles Turner, .825 

Col. William Turner 825 

Rev. John Strickland 826 

Rev. William E. French, A.M., D.D., 830 

Rev. Madison K. Mabry, 831 

Ezekiel Bradford, 835 

Major General Alden Blossom, 836 



xiv Contents. 

David Hale, 836 

Hon. Eugene Hale, 836 

Hon. Job Prince 837 

Hon. Rufus Prince, 837 

Solon Chase 838 

Hon. Jesse Drew, . 840 

Deacon Elijah Livermore, 845 

Lieut. Samuel Benjamin, 845 

Gen. David Learned, 847 

The Monroe Brothers, 849 

Hastings Strickland 850 

Nathaniel Perley 852 

The Washburns 853 

Dr. Cyrus Hamlin 868 

Dr. Benjamin Bradford, 868 

Hon. Timothy O. Howe, 869 



HISTORY 



OF 



ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY, 



MAINE, 



CHAPTER I. 

THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN. 

Territory — Organization — Towns Included— Name^Location and Area — Agriculture, 
Population, and Valuation — Manufactures and Wealth — Census Statistics — Financial Con- 
dition from Organization — State Tax, 1890 and 1891. 

THE territory of Androscoggin county was comprised first in York county. 
Cumberland and Lincoln counties were formed June 19, 1760, the 
boundary between them being the Androscoggin river "north of where 
it enters the county as now bounded on the south." Kennebec county was 
organized from the northern part of Lincoln, February 20, 1799, with East 
Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales in its limits. Oxford county was 
created March 4, 1805, from the northern part of Cumberland and York, and 
Livermore and Turner were incorporated with it. When Androscoggin county 
was organized, March 18, 1854, it acquired its territory from Cumberland, 
Kennebec, Oxford, and Lincoln counties. Auburn, Danville, Durham, Minot, 
and Poland were taken from Cumberland; East Livermore, Greene, Leeds, 
and Wales from Kennebec; Lewiston, Lisbon, and Webster from Lincoln; 
Livermore and Turner from Oxford. Many of these towns have had a cor- 
porate existence for years, some of them antedating the Revolution. The 
name of the principal river of the county was appropriately given to the new 
organization. 1 

1 Androscoggin, acco'-aug to one authority, comes from the Algonquin Am-a-ra-skah-gin, the 

turbi'l -j^-jaKrAing, crooked nake. This later became Amerascoggin, Amoscoggin, and Androscoggin. 

Captain John Smith in l(i}.called the river Aumouchawgan. Another authority derives Amoscoggin 



18 History of Androscoggin County. 



Androscoggin county lies between 43° 50' and 44° 30' north latitude, and 
69° 45' and 70° 30' longitude west of Greenwich. It is irregular in form, has 
its greatest lengtli from north to south, and occupies an area of about four 
hundred square miles. The Androscoggin river flows through the county 
in a southerly direction, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and with 
its tributaries affords magnificent water-power for manufacturing purposes. 
Originally the surface of the county was covered with a mighty growth of 
pine and other valuable timber, and lumbering was the piincipal employment. 
As the forests disappeared agriculture became the business of the people, and, 
as the soil was unsurpassed in the southern half of the state, prosperity 
attended their labors. The development of the water-powers and the attrac- 
tion of capital to manufacturing enterprises has caused an outlay of millions 
of dollars in these industries in the last forty years, and many more people and 
much more capital is employed in manufactures than in all other branches of 
business. In consequence of this development the growth has been rapid. 
In 1860 the county had 29,715 inhabitants; in 1870, 35,826; in 1880, 44,967 
in 1890, 48,968. 

Population and Valuation hif Towns. — 1850. Auburn, population, 2,840 
valuation, $400,605. Danville, 1,636; $308,715. Durham, 1,894; $376,358 
East Livermore, 892; $150,035. Greene, 1,347; $220,984. Leeds, 1,652 
$225,330. Lewiston, 3,854 ; $580,420. Lisbon, 1,494 ; $263,167. Livermore 
1,764; $271,634. Minot, 1,734 ; $297,184. Poland, 2,660 ; $333,108. Wales 
612; $111,632. Webster, 1,110; $194,439. Total population, 25,746 ; valua- 
tion, $4,152,503. 

1860. Auburn, 5,344; $1,224,070. Durham, 1,620; $459,376. East 
Livermore, 1,029; $301,702. Greene, 1,224; $338,402. Lewiston, 7,424; 
$2,426,374. Lisbon, 1,376; $404,016. Leeds, 1,390; $333,035. Livermore, 
1,597; $430,779. Minot, 1,799; $546,581. Poland, 2,746 ; $517,671. Turner, 
2,682; $748,218. Wales, 602; $188,642. Webster, 890; $312,015. 

1870. Auburn, 6,169; $2,918,101. Durham, 1,350; $482,861. East 
Livermore, 1,004; $388,680. Greene, 1,094; $439,629. Lewiston, 13,000; 
$8,813,629. Lisbon, 2,014; $741,092. Leeds, 1,288; $456,348. Livermore, 
1,467; $524,267. Minot, 1,569; i!610,511. Poland, 2,436 ; $765,960. Turner, 
2,380; $815,684. Wales, 556; $229,359. Webster, 939; $406,434. 

1880. Auburn, 9,555; $5,099,446. Durham, 1,253 ; $422,724. East Liver- 
more, 1,080; $344,092. Greene, 999; $394,260. Lewiston, 19,083; $9,521,103. 
Lisbon, 2,641; $1,115,760. Leeds, 1,194; $415,486. Livermore, 1,262; $430,- 
709. Minot, 1,763; $720,549. Poland, 2,442; $920,057. Turner, 2,285; 
$748,856. Wales, 505; $198,578. Webster, 980; $445,353. 

from Jiamura, fish; kank-skow-he-fjan, spearing— fish spearing. Others stil -^ay Amoscoggin means 
"fish coming in the spring." The name of the river, Androscoggin, was "-^ ^Pplied i^'oneAfl^a- 
gunticook Indians, wliose headquarters at tliat time was in this valley. 




The County of Androscoggin. 19 



1890. Auburn, 11,250; $6,195,750. Durham, 1,111; $378,240. East 
Livermore, 1,506 ; $498,740. Greene, 885 ; $329,583. Leeds, 999 ; $331,006. 
Lewiston, 21,701 ; $12,144,494. Lisbon, 3,120 ; $1,^36,411. Livermore, 1,151 ; 
$458,925. Minot, 1,355; $752,146. Poland, 2,472; $1,133,890. Turner, 2,016 ; 

$764,215. Wales, 488; $206,570. Webster, 914 -; $432,447. 

The number of manufacturing establishments in 1880 was 253, having a 
capital of $12,009,562 and employing an average of 10,214 hands, aud with an 
annual product of $14,789,963, while the assessed valuation of the real estate 
of the county was but $17,265,353, which, with $3,511,620 valuation of personal 
property, makes the total valuation $20,776,973, not quite one and one-half 
times the annual output of the manufactories. 

In 1880 Androscoggin county had 2,981 farms with 244,781 acres of land, 
of which 159,937 acres were improved, 69,900 acres in woodland and forest, 
and 14,934 acres were unimproved. The aggregate value of these farms was 
$6,119,332, including land, fences, and buildings ; of farming implements and 
machinery, $286,974 ; live stock, $703,680 ; estimated value of farm products, 
$1,207,634. Tliese farms yielded, according to the census of 1880, 9,057 
bushels of barley, 2,074 bushels of buckwheat, 79,778 bushels of Indian corn, 
99,523 bushels of oats,' 1,152 bushels of rye, 14,795 bushels of wheat, 245,696 
bushels of potatoes, 65,297 pounds of wool, 4,529 pounds of hops, 9,091 bushels 
of beans, 50,574 tons of hay, 354,274 dozens of eggs, 3,368 pounds of honey, 
519,163 gallons of milk, 776,062 pounds of butter, 149,069 pounds of cheese, 
and $95,188 in orchard products. The live stock numbered 4,236 horses, 
1,869 working oxen, 8,733 milch cows, 5,907 other cattle, 13,160 sheep, and 
5,191 swine. 

The financial condition of the county, as given by the annual statement of 
the county treasurer, is here presented. 

In 1854 the receipts were $5,782.50 ($2,000 a loan from Cumberland 
Bank). The expenses were $3,679.25. In 1855 $8,000 taxes were assessed 
on towns; licenses granted, $120; fines and costs collected, $554.60; jury 
fees, $126 ; lawyers' admission fees, $40. The bills allowed this year included 
October term (1854), $187.25; April term (1855), $873.74; October term 
(1855), $3,348.75. The sheriff's bills were $502.25 ; jury fees, $2,443.31 ; con- 
stables' fees, $147. The county paid the loan of $2,000 made in 1854 and 
borrowed $3,227.75. 1856. — Taxes assessed, $10,000 ; licenses granted, $100 ; 
county fines and costs, $274; fines by magistrates, $86.71; jury fees, $91; 
attorneys' admission, fees, $100. The county commissioners issued bonds of 
$80,000, bearing six per cent, interest, to cover cost of erecting the county 
buildings. 1857. — Liabilities: Temporary loans, $7,121.61 ; allowances by the 
several courts unpaid, $2,951.46 ; balance due treasurer on settlement, $457.80; 
bonds sold, $87,300. Resourees: Unpaid taxes, $4,923.31; unsold bonds, 



20 History of Androscoggin County. 



$2,253.18; due from state, 1815.60. 1SF>S.—Liahimes: Bonds, $100,000; 
loans, $5,075; allowances by court unpaid, $1,228.55. Resources: Cash, 
11,386.45; unpaid taxes, $4,957.05. 1859.— Liahaifies: Bonds, $100,000; 
loans, $3,000 ; court allowances, $1,729.14. Resources : Cash, $1,645.14 ; taxes, 
$3,260.89. 18m.— Liabilities: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $2,600; court allow- 
ances, $956.58. Resources: Cash, $1,405.75; unpaid taxes, $2,646.24. 

imi.—LiahlUties: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $4,125; court allowances, 
$935.95. Resources: Unpaid taxes, $1,983.80 ; cash, $937.31. 18Q2.—LiaUli- 
ties: Bonds, $99,000 ; loans, $5,095 ; court allowances, $1,115.98. Resources: 
Taxes, $2,673.30; cash, $2,284. 186S.—LiahiUties: Bonds, $97,500; loans, 
$6,475; court allowances, $1,657.69. Resources: Taxes, $3,871.01; cash, 
$2,085.01. 1864:.—LiaMlities: Bonds, $96,100 ; loans, $9,810 ; bills, $951.93. 
Resources: Taxes, $6,856.88; cash, $3,721.12. 186b.—LiahiUties: Bonds 
(county buildings), $94,600; bonds (for purchase of toll-bridge), $7,500; 
loans, $1,327. Resources: Taxes, $1,347.18 ; cash, $4,313.22. 186Q.— Liabili- 
ties: Bonds (county buildings), $93,000 ; toll-bridge, $6,200 ; loans, $1,932.96 ; 
bills, $2,329.16. Resources: Taxes, $2,957.85; cash, $245.93 ; due (from sale 
of toll-house and lot), $600. 1867. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 
$91,300; toll-bridge bonds, $4,850; loans, $12,039.27; bills, $3,783.38. Re- 
sources: Taxes, $3,626.30; cash, $1,269.90; due (from sale of toll-house and 
lot), $450; rent due, $60. 1868. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 
$89,500; bonds for toll-bridge, $3,750; loans and interest, $8,704.81 ; claims 
and salaries, $2,981.33. Resources: Cash, $274.39; due (from sale of toll- 
house and lot), $317.25; rent, $60. 18Q9.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build- 
ings), $87,600 ; toll-bridge, $2,100; loans and estimated interest, $400; bills 
and salaries, $2,459.73., Resources: Cash, $1,058.68; due (on toll-house), 
$149.25. 1810.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $85,600; loans and 
interest, $21,928.73; claims and salaries, $895.37. Resources: $1,671.55. 

1871. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $83,500; loans and interest, 
$12,596.11; claims and salaries, $990.02. Resources: Taxes, $54.39; cash, 
$416.56. 1812.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), $81,300; loans and 
interest, $2,306.11: claims and salaries, $893.60. Resources: Cash, $2,623.41. 
1873. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $79,000; loans and interest, 
$3,938.52; claims and salaries, $1,605.50. Resources: Cash, $126.08; due 
(from Auburn and Lewiston Ixailroad), $54.80. 1874. — Liabilities: Bonds 
(county buildings), $76,600 ; loans and interest, $10,699.44 ; fees and salaries, 
$1,900.64. Resources: Cash, $176.22; due (from labor of prisoners), $360. 
1875. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $74,100; loans and hiterest, 
$32,331; fees and salaries, $2,898.73. Resources: Cash, $6,027.57; due (from 
other counties), $367.42; other debts, $170.90; stock, shoes, tools, and 
machinery in workshop, $7,544.06. 181 Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build- 
ings), $71,500; loans and interest, $33,052; fees and salaries, $4,705.66. 



The County of Androscoggin. 21 

Resources: Cash, 11,986.50; stock, shoes, tools, and machinery, 19,598.51; 
due (from stock and shoes sold), -1903.55. 1877. — .LiabiUties: Bonds (county 
buildings), 168,800 ; loans and interest, -134,263.35 ; fees and salaries, 
-f 2,478.48. Resources: Cash, -'$1,761.85; taxes, -1517.80 ; stock, tools, machinery, 
etc., -|>6,300; due (for goods sold), -f 279.48. 1818.— LiabiUties: Bonds (county 
buildings), -|>66,000 ; loans and interest, -f 37,963.54 ; fees and salaries, -11,184.20. 
Resources: Cash, -11,417.46; taxes, -1767.72; stock, machinery, etc., -15,724.28; 
due (for goods sold), -1651.83. 1879. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 
-163,100 ; five per cent, bonds (1879), -140,000 ; fees and salaries, $1,362.39. 
Resources : Cash, -16,994.76 ; taxes, -1263.70 ; stock, machinery, etc., -f4,352.93 ; 
due (for goods sold), -t622.97. 1880.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 
160,100; bonds of 1879, -140,000; fees and salaries, 1824.18. Resources: 
Cash, -t7,522.11; stock, machinery, etc., $2,424.09; goods sold, -1412.34; 
taxes, -fl,318.70. 

1881.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 157,000; bonds of 1879, 
-$40,000; fees, salaries, etc., -$934.92. Resources: Cash, $10,643.61; stock, 
machinery, etc., $2,881.81 ; goods sold, -$405.29 ; taxes, $900. 1882.— Liabili- 
ties : Bonds (county buildings), -$53,800; bonds of 1879, $40,000; fees, 
salaries, etc., -$1,270.64. Resources: Cash, -$12,048.69 ; stock, machinery, etc., 
$2,248.24; due (for goods sold), -$37.77; taxes, .$5,856.16. 188^.— Liabilities : 
Bonds (county buildings), $50,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, salaries, 
etc., -$1,051.12. Resources : Cash, $20,532.67 ; stock, machinery, etc., $2,733.40 ; 
taxes, -$420.37. 1884:.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), -$47,100; bonds 
of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., -$2,391.56. Resources: Cash, -$20,302; stock, 
machinery, etc., $2,054.23 ; taxes, $753.29 ; due (from other counties), $372.48. 
1885. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$43,600; bonds of 1879, 
-$40,000; fees and coupons, $1,192.51. Resources: Cash, $22,890.70; tools, 
machinery, etc., -$500; taxes, $1,151.44; due (from other counties), $99.32. 
188Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$40,000; bonds of 1879, 
-$40,000; fees unpaid, $896.03; coupons unpaid, -$134.50. Resources: Cash, 
$25,159.30 ; machinery, etc., $700 ; taxes, -$503.66 ; due (from other counties 
and for rent), $296.08. 1881 .—Liahilities : Bonds (county buildings), $36,300; 
bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., $1,862.54; coupons, -$368. Resources: 
Cash, -$18,511.18; stock, machinery, etc., $8,355.87; taxes, $927.58; due (from 
other counties), -$164.49. 1888. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 
-$32,400 ; bonds of 1879, -$40,000 ; coupons, $226 ; fees, -$412.11 ; bills, $114.83 ; 
workshop expenses due, $91.40. Resources: Cash, $22,569.44; machinery, 
stock, etc., $1,889.48 ; due (for goods sold), $600.56 ; due (from other counties), 
$83.40; rent of workshop, -$40. 1889.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings,) 
-$28,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; coupons, -$111.50; fees, bills, etc., -$559.54. 
Resources: Cash, $29,863; machinery, accounts, etc., $1,347.98; due (from 
other counties), $337.05 ; taxes, $300 ; forfeited fees, $104.76. 189().—Liabili- 



22 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. 



ties: Bonds (county buildings), 124,500; bonds of 1879 issue, 140,000; fees 
and bills, •ii?679.94. RemurceH: Cash in treasury, -f!30,129.13; tools and 
machinery, *700; due from other counties, '1465.45; forfeited fees, 168.68. 
The balance against the county December 31, 1889, was *37,217.56 ; Decem- 
ber 31, 1890, ■1:^33,816.68, showing a reduction of the county debt in 1890 
amounting to 't3,400.88. 

The state tax for the towns of the county for 1890 and 1891 is here 
given : — 

^ 1890. 1891. 

Auburn, $11,496.9.5 $17,067.34 

Durham, 954.49 1,043.18 

East Livermore, 776.89 1,370.20 

Greene, 889.88 908.92 

Leeds, 938.24 913.09 

Lewiston, 21,457.00 33,447.36 

Lisbon, 2,517.23 4,.508.59 

Livermore, 973.07 1,265.80 

Minot, 1,625.97 2,072.69 

Poland, 2,077.27 3,123.24 

Turner, 1,695.52 2,107.86 

Wales, 448.15 569.65 

Webster, 1,004.65 1,191.82 

$46,85 L31 $69,589.74 



CHAPTER II. 

GEOLOGY. 



Rock Formations — Unstratilied or Igneous Rocks -^Stratified Rocks — Formations in 
Maine — Age of Ice — Glacial Drift — Lower and Upper Till — Champlain Period — Modi- 
fled Drift — Surface Geology —Drift Period — Beacb and Terrace Periods, etc. — Montalbau 
or White Mountain Formation — Tourmalines and Associate Minerals — Pratt's Cave — 
Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc. 

Tt CCORDING to geology the earth was formerly a mass of molten matter 
LI like lava, assuming its present shape while in this plastic form. The 
JL -L intense cold of the ethereal space through which it revolved cooled the 
surface, and a crust formed, which, as soon as it was thick enough for water 
to accumulate upon it, was worn away by its action in the higher portions and 
the detritus deposited in the lowest. 

This original mass and all igneous rocks are called unstratified. The rocks 
formed by the deposition of the worn fragments of the original surface are 



Geology. 23 

called stratified, because arranged in layers like a pile of boards. Clay, sand, 
gravel, and the calcareous deposits of mineral springs are the origin of most 
of the stratified rocks. These become consolidated into slates, sandstones, 
conglomerates, and limestones, the newer rocks being less compact and more 
easily crumbled than the older ones. 

Those formed under similar circumstances in the same geological period are 
called a fonnation. Some great force has been working for ages steadily 
pushing these originally horizontal formations into great curves, tipping them 
up at various angles, some layers even standing vertically. 

Unstratified or Igneous Rocks. — These are divided into three groups: 
Granitic, Trappean, Volcanic. The first contains granite, sienite, and proto- 
gine ; the second porphyry, greenstone, amygdaloid, etc. ; the third basalt, 
trachite, pumice, tufa, and kindred volcanic productions. 

Stratified Rocks. — These have two divisions, Unfossiliferous and Fossil- 
iferous. The unfossiliferous are the oldest rocks and are of great thickness, 
though not so thick as the miles of fossiliferous rocks overlying them. They 
are Azoic (without life) and classed as Laurent ian. The fossiliferous rocks 
form three great systems: Paleozoic, containing the oldest forms of life; 
Mesozoic, bearing the types of the middle periods of life ; Cainozoic, with 
recent forms or fossils. The Paleozoic has six divisions : Permian^ Carbon- 
iferous, Devonian (Old Red Sandstone), Upper Silurian, Lower Silurian, 
Cambrian (Huronian). The Mesozoic has Cretaceous rocks with green sand ; 
Oolites or Jurassic, etc. ; Triassic (New Red Sandstone). The Cainozoic rocks 
include all Alluvium (with drift) and Tertiary formations. 

Rock Formations in Maine. — They are both metainorpliic (i.e., changed 
from the original sandstones, shales, conglomerates, and limestones by the 
action of lieat, water, and chemical forces into other kinds of rock than their 
first character) a,nd fossiliferous. These metamorphic stratified rocks occur: 
gneiss, mica schist, talcose schist, steatite, and serpentine, saccharoid azoic 
limestone, clay slate, quartz, and conglomerates, jasper, siliceous slate, and 
hornstone. The unstratified rocks are mostly granite, sienite, protogine, 
porphyry, trap or greenstone, and eurite. The fossiliferous rocks are Paleozoic, 
except some marine alluvial deposits, and represent the Lower Silurian, Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and Drift and Alluvium groups. 

Professor C. H. Hitchcock gives, as his present arrangement of the forma- 
tions in Maine : (1) Champlain clays (tertiary) ; (2) Glacial drift (till) ; (3) 
Lower Carboniferous or Upper Devonian ; (4) Lower Devonian (Oriskany 
group) ; (5) Upper Silurian ; (6) Silurian and Cambrian clay slates ; (7) 
Cambrian and Huronian with Taconic ; (8) Montalban ; (9) Laurentian ; 
(10) Granite ; (11) Trap and altered slates. 

The Age of Ice. — It is, perhaps, desirable to devote some space in this 
volume to the Age of Ice, as in this period and those immediately following 



24 History of Androscoggin County. 



when the colossal ice-sheet, which was so thick that the tops of Mounts 
Washington and Katahclin were deeply covered, was removed, the surface, 
soil, and water-courses of the county were formed, the lakes established in 
their boundaries, and the conditions necessary to civilized occupancy were 
arranged and prepared. 

The indications of a glacial period are probably as well shown in this 
section of New England as anywhere in the world. Underlying the modified 
drift are often found masses of earth and rocks mingled confusedly together, 
having neither stratification nor any appearance of having been deposited in 
water. These are the filarial drift, or till. This drift frequently covers the 
slopes, and even the summits, of the highest mountains, as well as the lesser 
elevations. It contains bowlders of all sizes, up to thirty feet in diameter, 
which have nearly all been carried southward from their native ledges, and 
can be traced, in some instances, for a hundred miles, southward or south- 
eastward. Wherever till occurs, the ledges have mostly been worn to a 
rounded form, and, if the rock be hard, it is covered with long scratches, or 
Htrice, in the direction of the course taken by the bowlders. Geology now 
refers these to a moving ice-sheet which spread over this continent from the 
north, and, as before stated, was of sufficient thickness to cover even Mount 
Washington. This ice-sheet was so much thicker at the north than in this 
latitude that its great weight pressed the ice steadily onward and outward to 
the south-southeast. The termination of this ice-sheet in the Atlantic, south- 
east of New England, was probably like the great ice-wall of the Antarctic 
continent, along which Sir J. C. Ross sailed 450 miles, finding only one point 
low enough to allow the smooth white plain of the upper surface to be seen 
from the mast-head. This extended, apparently boundless, and was of dazzling 
wliiteness. 

There was a long, continuous period of glacial action, with times of retreat 
and advance, but never a complete departure and return of a continental 
ice-sheet. The motion of this ice, being caused by its own weight, must have 
been slow indeed. Over the highlands between the St Lawrence river and 
Hudson bay the ice^sheet was three or four miles in thickness ; over Greenland 
much thicker, and over Maine it reached nearly or quite to the line of per- 
petual snow. The till, or coarse glacial drift, was made by the long-continued 
wearing and grinding of the ice-sheet. As this slowly advanced, fragments 
were torn from the ledges, held in the bottom of the ice, and worn by friction 
upon the surface over wliich it moved. This material, crushed beneath the ice 
into minute fragments or fine powder, is called the Lower Till. While the 
lower till was being made under the ice, large quantities of coarse and fine 
matter were swept away from hill-slopes and mountain-sides, and carried 
forward in tlie ice. As this melted, much of this matter fell loosely on the 
surface, forming an unstratified deposit of gravel, earth, and bowlders. This 



Geology. 25 

deposit geologists call the Upper Till. Usually this is found above the lower 
till, the line of separation being at a distance of from two to twenty feet. 
The departure of the ice-sheet was attended by a rapid deposition of the 
abundant materials therein contained. The retreat of the ice-sheet was toward 
the northwest and north, and it is probable that its final melting took place 
mostly on the surface, so that, at the last, great amounts of its deposits were 
exposed to the washing of many streams. The finer particles were generally 
carried away, and the strong current of the glacial rivers transported coarse 
gravel and bowlders of considerable size. 

When these streams entered the valley from which the ice had retreated, 
or their currents were slackened by less rapid descent, a deposition took place, 
where the channel was still walled by ice, in succession of coarse gravel, fine 
gravel, sand, and fine silt or clay. These deposits filled the valleys, and 
increased in depth in the same way that additions are now made to the bottom- 
lands or intervals of our large rivers by the floods of spring. They are called 
Modified Drift and geology gives this name to the period from the departure 
of the ice-sheet to the present. This modified drift comprises the intervals 
which are annually overflowed, and the successive terraces which rise in steps 
upon the sides of the valleys, the highest often forming extensive plains. Dr 
Dana has given the name of Champlain Period to the time of the deposition of 
the modified drift during the melting of the ice-sheet. During the Champlain 
period, the ice became molded upon the surface, by the process of destruction, 
into great basins or valleys ; at the last, the passages through which the 
melting waters passed off came gradually to coincide with the depressions of 
the present surface. 

These lowest and warmest portions of the land were first freed from the 
ice ; and, as the melted area slowly extended into the continental glacier, its 
vast floods found their outlet at the head of the existing valley. In these 
channels were deposited materials gathered by the streams from the melting 
glacier. By the low water of winter, layers of sand were formed, and by the 
strong currents of summer, layers of gravel, often very coarse. These layers 
are irregularly bedded, here sand, and there gravel, accumulating, and 
interstratified without much order with each other. 

These, the oldest of our deposits of modified drift, are long ridges, or 
intermixed short ridges and mounds, composed of very coarse water-worn 
gravel, or of alternate gravel and sand irregularly bedded. Wherever the 
ordinary fine alluvium occurs, it overlies or partly covers these deposits. The 
geological name for these is Karnes. 

The extensive level plains and high terraces bordering the riverg were 
also deposited in the Champlain period, as the open valleys became gradually 
filled with great depths of gravel, sand, and clay (alluvium), which were 
brought down by the glacier rivers from the melting ice-sheet, or washed from 



2G History of Androscoggin County. 



the till after the ice had retreated, and which were deposited in the same way 
as those made by high floods at the present day. Daring the recent or terrace 
period, the rivers have cut deep and wide channels in this alluvium, and the 
terraces mark heights at which, in their work of erosion, they have left portions 
of their successive flood-plains. 

Modified drift in Maine occurs in the form of moraine terraces, horsebacks, 
sea-beaches, sea-bottoms, marine clays, and terraces. Moraine terraces are 
generally accumulations of gravel, bowlders, and sand, often arranged in 
heaps and hollows, or conical and irregular elevations with corresponding 
depressions. They somewhat resemble the moraines of glaciers, but differ 
from them in their stratification and existence in localities where glaciers 
could not have formed them. They derive their name from their aflinity 
with both moraines and terraces. Moraine terraces are not numerous in this 
state, tlieir place in most cases being taken b}^ the horsebacks, a curious class 
of alluvial ridges, here found in numbers, while they scarcely occur out of the 
state. They are narrow ridges of coarse gravel and sand, from thirty to forty 
feet high, with sometimes an undulating summit and with the ends of nearly 
the same elevation. They exist in a level country almost invariably, although 
the road from Poland Springs to Mechanic Falls appears to [)ass along the top 
of one for some distance. 

Surface Geology. — Professor C. H. Hitchcock says that probably since 
the tertiary period the whole of Maine, and with it all the northern part of 
North America, has been depressed under the ocean at least as high as the 
top of Mount Katahdin, or five thousand feet lower than it is now. Subse- 
quently the continent rose gradually to its present altitude, and while the 
country was being drained deposits were produced. Drift was principally 
formed by icebergs and glaciers conjoined when the continent was sinking 
and rising again. The forms of modified drift were produced largely by the 
aid of rivers and currents. 

The Drift Period. — When the continent was submerged, northerly currents 
brought icebergs over its northern portions, wliich greatly lowered the temper- 
ature, and glaciers would form on mountains comparatively low, reaching to 
the ocean, as now in the Arctic Zone. The enormous icebergs, moving 
southerly, would grate powerfully upon the bottom of the sea, smoothing, 
scratching, and breaking off fragments from the prominent hills and ledges 
beneath, and leave a stoss and lee side upon them. When the continent was 
at its lowest dfepth, only one or two small islands would remain. During this 
submergence only icebergs could act upon the rocks; when the mountains 
appeared again glaciers would renew their wearing action, the water, also, 
would begin to wear off fragments from rough ledges and partially sort the 
materials collected. It is conceivable that when the continent was partly 
under water an unusual direction might be given to certain icebergs crowded 



Geology. 27 

into narrow valleys, and thus produce unusual courses of striae. During this 
process, every part of the surface must have had a thorough washing, and few 
animals could have lived in this cold period. 

The Beach Period. — We suppose this period to commence with the formation 
of the highest beaches, or when the continent was 2,600 feet higher than now. 
The beaches would be formed as now upon the coast, at different levels, as the 
waters receded. This was the period when the moraine terraces and horsebacks 
were produced ; the former may have been formed by the accumulation of 
matter around masses of stranded ice ; when the ice melted, large hollows 
would occupy its place, and it would be a considerable time before it melted, 
as the sand and gravel often acts as a natural refrigerator. We even suppose 
that some of the ice of the drift period yet remains in certain deposits, in the 
vicinity of the frozen wells that are considered such curiosities. In Lewiston 
the evidence of a sea-beach exists two hundred feet above present tide-water. 

Tlie Terrace Period. — This commenced with the existence of rivers or 
currents of water in long estuaries. These currents accumulate materials 
principally along the sides of the valleys or fill them up entirely. Tides and 
currents would assist the rivers, and at length the top of the deposits would be 
at the surface, and no more matter could be added. The same agency must 
then deposit the detritus below the first accumulations, which will soon appear 
as lateral terraces. The country continuing to rise, a second and third terrace 
will appear, and so on as long as the same agencies act. The delta terraces 
being at the mouths of rivers, are composed of the materials brouglit down by 
the current ; when the mass has risen above the water, the river continuing to 
run must cut through it, and leave a terrace upon each side of its course. The 
principal phenomena of terraces is explained by the simple drainage of a 
country as it rises out of the water. We have often thought that a large part 
of Maine had not completed its terrace period, since the terraces are scarce and 
the lakes numerous. As soon as the lakes are drained, terraces appear ; some- 
times this is done suddenly by the bursting of a barrier — a dam for instance. 
During the terrace period, life, both terrestrial and marine, was abundant on 
the continent. To this period we refer the marine clays of the coast, and the 
fossil elephants and horses of the interior; though both classes lived in the 
historic period and are not entirely extinct. The historic period is the time 
when the country had attained essentially its present altitude. All the agencies 
that produced drift are still in operation, and both modified and unmodified 
deposits of drift are now being effected ; the agencies forming these two classes 
of deposits have run parallel to each other from the first. Man has existed on 
the earth a comparatively short time of the alluvial period. Researches in 
Europe show that the extinct mammals of the alluvium were contemporary 
with the earliest generations of man. 

Fossils in the Marine Clays. — Foraminifera are almost at the lowest end 
of the animal kingdom. The portion preserved are the shells, often divided 



28 History of Androscoggin County. 



into delicate chambers. A deposit of the shells of these animals was found 
in the Atlantic ocean, on the bottom, several thousand feet from the surface. 
The beds containing these shells in the clay lie at the bottom of the marine 
deposits. A fossil star-fish and various shells have been found at Lewiston. 
They were taken from a sandy layer one hundred feet above Androscoggin 
river and two hundred feet above the ocean. They came from ten feet below 
the surface ; of these ten feet, eight were of clay, the rest being sandy. 

Alluvial terraces are those banks of loose materials, generally unconsolidated, 
which skirt the sides of the valleys about rivers, ponds, and lakes, and rise 
above one another like the seats of an amphitheater. Lateral terraces are the 
most common and are parallel to the valley, and often continue for miles along 
its sides. Delta terraces are the accumulations which have been formed at the 
mouths of streams, whether the junction of a tributary with the main stream 
or the meeting of the river and lake or ocean. They are seen only where 
the land has risen since their deposition. Terraces are not abundant in Maine, 
but all the large rivers have more or less, and they are often used for the sites 
of villages and fine residences. They are well developed in Auburn, Berwick, 
Brunswick, Waterville, and Lewiston. 

On Professor Hitchcock's "Geological Map of Maine" the territory of 
Androscoggin county is practically all represented in the Montalban formation, 
with a little section of granite delineated on the northern border. Professor 
Hitchcock says:^ "Beneath the Huronian are large areas of gneiss, whose age 
has been warmly discussed by American geologists, and are now referred to 
three Laureutian divisions, lower, middle, upper. I have offered the theory 
that these oval patches of coarse porphyritic, granitic gneiss represent the very 
beginnings of the continent; that these islands projected slightly out of the 
original primal universal ocean, and were of eruptive origin, the first ejections 
of melted matter upon a newly formed crust. Over twenty of these islands 
have been recognized in New Hampshire, and many will be discovered in 
Maine as soon as her crystallines are carefully examined. These gneissic 
masses possess a concentric structure just like modern volcanic piles, but the 
superior elevation of the original cone may be lost through denudation and 
the subsequent accumulation of detritus upon their flanks. To the middle 
division are properly referred much of the gneiss area in the western part of 
the state, and the schists, south of the Huronian, between Portland and the 
Penobscot river." Enumerating seven other areas he goes on: "In these 
areas occur the following minerals: red and green tourmaline, lepidolite, 
cassiterite or tin ore, amblygonite, cancrinite, sodalite, beryl, mispickel, 
corundum, immense sheets of muscovite mica, and many others not so 
characteristic. I proposed the name ' White Mountain series,' in 1869, for all 
tliese ancient crystallines of the Atlantic district. Latterly it seems convenient 

J Colby's Atlas of the State of Maine. Colby & Stuart. Houlton, Me. 



Geology. 29 

to restrict the use of this term, or its equivalent, Montalban, to the uppermost 
group of schists, whose best known development is in the Presidential range 
of the White Mountains. The group is characterized by a deficiency in the 
amount of feldspar, and often the mineral fibrolite or andalusite is disseminated 
through the rock." 

Tourmalines and Associated Grems. — In 1820 the first of those rare gems — 
tourmalines — discovered in Maine (and which have made this portion of the 
state so noted) was found, a transparent green crystal, among the dull feldspar 
and quartz, on the surface of an unpretending hill in Paris, called Mount 
Mica, by two students, who in their first search found thirty or more splendid 
specimens of pink and green crystals. And more : all over the top of the 
rocks and down the hill-side lay riches untold of the associate minerals. The 
people of the town hastened to the spot, and immediately some very valuable 
specimens were obtained. No one knew up to that time what to call their 
prize, so the young men enclosed a few of their best crystals in a letter to 
. Professor Silliman, awaiting his reply with impatience. He hastened to tell 
them that they had made a most important discovery in finding a rare gem. 
And these were the first tourmalines of Mount Mica. This place, in its ages 
of silence, had been waiting, perfecting itself, that the hand of man should 
finally unlock its treasures and give them to the light of day. In 1825 Pro- 
fessor Shepard visited the place and found several very fine crystals ; and 
later Professor Webster opened a " pocket," which revealeda fine grass-green 
specimen, also a most remarkable red one. In 1865 the deposit was believed 
to be exhausted, though the work had been extremely superficial, the excava- 
tions being only fifteen feet square andsix feet deep. Fresh encouragement 
came later, as investigations were made by true votaries of science, and new 
pockets were constantly opened, with the tourmalines lying loose in the decay- 
ing feldspar, or imbedded in the floor of tlie cavit3^ About this time Dr 
A. C. Hamlin, collecting the facts here outlined, made most important explora- 
tions, and added greatly to the knowledge of the capacity of the ledge. 
His excavations, made from time to time, yielded to him one of the most 
valuable collections in the world. 

About three miles northwest of the court-house in Auburn is a hill of the 
same geologic formation as Mount Mica. It is called Hatch's Ledge from the 
owner and Mount Apatite from the amount of that mineral existing there. 
This ledge covers from eight to ten acres, and is close to the line of Minot. 
In 1862 a boy named Lane found a small piece of crystal that he thought to 
be green glass. After carrying it some time he put it on the window-sill in 
the sitting-room of his home. Here it was seen by Dr Luther Hill, who 
pronounced it a tourmaline, and on submitting it to experts in mineralogy 
his opinion was justified, and soon after this new locality of transparent 
tourmalines was made known to the world. Dr Hamlin, who had the ledge 



30 History of Androscoggin County. 



examined, says: "The tourmalines appeared on the brow of a ledge which 
projected from a gentle slope of a hill, and far below its summit. The 
surface of the rock and adjoining earth was strewn with numerous folitB of 
mica containing crystals of transparent tourmalines, and large masses of pink 
lepidolite, amounting in all to quite a ton in weight. The abundance of 
lepidolite and mica gave hope of an extensive deposit of the coveted crystals ; 
the first specimens picked up, exhibiting rich emerald-green hues, gave promise 
of superior gems, the first one yielding a perfect gem of two carats." Thou- 
sands of dollars' worth of valuable gems have since been taken from the ledge ; 
white, pink, green, blue, and red tourmalines, and associate minerals in rich 
and rare variety. Nearly forty different varieties have been found here. 
Mica, in sheets from ten to twelve inches square ; aqua marines ; white, green, 
and smoky quartz ; (quartz crystals ; beryl ; apatite in varied colors, both 
crystallized and opaque ; arsenical iron ; iron garnets, a large one weighing 
sixteen pounds ; cassiterite (almost the only ore of tin) ; albite ; cleavelandite; 
columbite ; amblygonite ; lepidolite ; montmorillonite ; uranite ; cookeite, etc. 

The tourmalines found here are in utmost perfection of color and crystal- 
lization, and unsurpassed by any gems of the kind in the world. The 
gradations of color are a most important feature. On this point the mineral- 
ogist revels in ecstasy ; and well he may. Here a crystal red within, passing 
to green outside ; there an exquisite red shaded to white, then blending into 
green again ; or they may be simply red and green or white and green. 
They are marvelous in beauty. 

The tourmaline in its physical character is in crystallization, rhorabohedral, 
in prisms of three, six, nine, and twelve sides, terminating in a low three- 
sided pyramid. It occurs also massive, and coarse columnar, somewhat 
resinous when fractured, and by friction acquires ])Ositive electricity ; becom- 
ing electrically polar when heated. In hardness it is about 7.5, a little harder 
than quartz. It is brittle and, as in tlie case of the beryl, well-terminated 
crystals are most ditficult to obtain. In constitution it is complicated, con- 
taining silica, alumina, magnesia, and a variety of other elements in small 
proportions. The presence of boron trioxide gives an interesting feature in 
the analysis of the mineral, while its electric and optical properties are. an 
increasing delight to the student. The sides of the prisms are often rounded 
or striated. This is due to oscillatory combination, which is a tendency in 
the forming crystal to make two different planes at the same time. 

Praffs Cave. — In the north part of Turner, about two miles from North 
Turner Bridge, there is a remarkable cavern or succession of caverns (really 
cavities between immense blocks of granite piled upon each other). This was 
visited in 1838 by Dr Stevenson, of the State Geological Survey, who gave 
this description : 



Geology. 31 

The entrauce is from the side of the mountain situated on the laud of Mr E. Pratt, on 
the western side of the river. From some cause the huge bloclis of granite which form the 
walls of these subterranean apartments have been so arranged as to form spacious halls 
and present a striking appearance of regularity. Provided with lamps by our guide, we 
entered the first cavern, which was about twenty feet long and from ten to twelve feet 
wide, with high overhanging walls ; the rocks presented the appearance of having been 
thrown apart by some wonderful convulsion of nature, and the damp and chilling atmos- 
phere was similar to that found in the sepulchres of the dead. We continued our course 
by slow and cautious steps down a pathless descent till we had visited six subterranean 
halls, situated one above another, all corresponding in general appearance, but dimin- 
ishing in size as we descended; the last would not admit a person in an erect attitude, 
and we were obliged to crawl upon our hands and knees, taking great care not to 
lose our lamp, for had we suftered that misfortune we might have been compelled to grope 
about in darkness, without even a hope of happy deliverance from our uncomfortable 
situation. 

Guf'iss. — There is gneiss along the track of the railroad between Danville 
Junction and Greene ; perhaps this belt of rock is connected with the gneiss 
in the west part of Winthrop. 

3Ii('a Schist. — An immense deposit of mica schist is found in Androscoggin, 
Kennebec, and Waldo counties. Large patches of granite are frequently 
found in it, whicli were protruded subsequently to the deposition of the schist. 
From Danville to Belgrade the mica schist has been seen to occur. It appears 
also in Poland, Turner, Livermore, Leeds, and other towns. The rock is mica 
schist in Leeds and Livermore ; at Livermore Falls it resembles talcose schist. 

SacelKtmid Azok Limestone appears in Turner, Poland, Livermore, and 
Lewiston. Li Turner there are two beds of limestone, one, grayish-white, 
granular, contains 73.6 per cent, of carbonate of lime ; that on Oak Hill is 
greenish gray, granular, and contains 40 per cent, of carbonate of lime. \n 
Poland there is limestone of a greenish-white color, granular, containing 43.6 
per cent, of carbonate of lime. The purest limestone can afford but little 
more than 50 per cent, of lime. That in Turner gave 42.9 per cent. 

Dunes. — There are numerous sandy hills in Wayne and Leeds far above all 
existing streams. It seems as if there must be some ancient beaches among 
them. In Leeds one of these sandy accumulations has been torn asunder by 
the wind, and the sand blown southeasterly, much to the detriment of the 
adjacent cultivated fields. A potato patch was covered up in this way to the 
depth of thirty feet. These hills of moving sands are called dunes or downs. 

A belt of mineral appears to run through the rocks in nearly a straight 
line from Woodstock, through Oxford, Minot, Greene, Wales, Litchfield, 
Plttston, Camden, Sedgwick, Bluehill, Sullivan, and Northport. At different 
times specimens, taken from various places along this belt, have been analyzed, 
showing quite a percentage of silver. About twelve years ago quite an 
excitement was caused by developments in the vicinity of Oak Hill in Wales. 



32 History of Androscoggin County. 



Thomas Barr's farm, at Ray's Corners, had rock in 1878 bearing $25 of pure 
silver to the ton. Plumbago had earlier been mined near there, and sulphuret 
of silver was said to exist in the same mine and in its vicinity. 



CHAPTER HI. 



THE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER. 



Williamson's Description — Physical and Geological Features— Drainage District- 
Altitudes — Principal Tributaries in this County — Water-Powers. 

IN " Williamson's History of Maine " is a quaint description of the Andros- 
coggin which our readers will enjoy. " The Androscoggin river, formerly 
Aumoughcawgen, rises in the northwest section of the state, only about 
an hundred miles from the Chops, in direct course, though it actually runs, 
in its flexuous meanders, more than one hundred and sixty miles. The rise 
of its eastern and principal branch is in the vicinity of Sunday Mountain, 
about ten miles east of the dividing line between Maine and New Hampshire, 
and on the soutli margin of the highlands, which form the boundary between 
this state and ('anada. This source of the Androscoggin lias for its immediate 
ni'iglibours a headpond of Dead river, which empties into the Kennebec, and the 
southernmost spring of a stream, which runs northerly and contributes its 
waters to the Chaudiere. This branch of the Androscoggin runs about twenty- 
five miles south and discharges its waters into Lake Mooseetocmaguntick, a 
most singular body of water connected with Umbagog lake by a strait; and it 
empties all its waters into the latter, which lies on both sides of the western 
boundary line of Maine. On the western side of it, in New Hampshire, issues 
the Androscoggin, forty miles south of the upper end of the line which divides 
that state from Maine. Three miles westward of the outlet the main river 
receives the Magalloway, which is twelve rods in width at its mouth. This 
river's head is about as far north as that of the Androscoggin, runs a southerly 
course in Maine, more than thirty miles, and is distant from three to five miles 
from the line, which it crosses one hundred and twenty miles north of the 
Piscataqua mouth. 

"The Androscoggin, shortly after it receives the waters of Magalloway 
river, and another river from the northwest, runs southerly in New Hampshire 
twenty-five miles, almost parallel with the line, and five or six miles from it ; 



The Androscoggin River. 



and then turning, crosses it, and runs tlie remainder of its course in Maine. 
In re-entering the state it runs through the town of Gilead, and forms a fine 
intervale on both sides, overlooked by rugged lands on the north, and is fed in 
that town by Wild river. The main river runs fourteen miles in the next 
town, Bethel, forming an elbow in its western quarter, and flowing northerly 
in a gentle glide towards Newry, then eastwardly, over a smooth bottom of 
rounded pebbles, embosoming in the town a number of fertile and delightful 
islands of various extent, the largest of which contains one hundred acres. 
The alluvion skirting the banks of the Androscoggin, from ten to one hundred 
rods in width, is highly productive and beautiful land, rising in many places 
by regular banks, one above another, and forming two or more bottoms. Of 
these the highest is about twenty-five feet perpendicular above low water, and 
they are all evidently formed by the efflux of the river, changing its bed and 
banks so that people feel safe in building on these more elevated bottoms, 
some of which were not covered in the time of the great freshet, October 22, 
1785, when the water rose twenty-five feet. Along northward of the river, 
three or four miles distant from it, and nearly parallel with its banks in many 
places, are the 'nucleus of the mountains' which, rising in ridges, stretch along 
from the west line of the state toward the falls, just above the northernmost 
bend of the river in the east line of Rumford, and shelter, in some measure, 
these extensive intervales from the northwest winds. 

" After the river receives several small streams, and a considerable one 
through the mountains from East Andover, it rushes down the Great falls at 
Rumford, fifty feet perpendicular and three hundred feet within a mile. From 
these falls the river runs in a southerly direction through Dixfield into Jay, 
where it forms various windings; leaving the town in a southern course it 
passes through Livermore, between Turner on the west, and Leeds and Greene 
on the east, and descends Lewiston falls, sixty miles below the Great falls. In 
Turner it receives Twenty-Mile river, which rises principally in Sumner and 
Hartford, and runs through Buckfield and Turner, forming almost every 
accommodation for mills and machinery. 

" At Lewiston, the cataract is called the Upper falls of Pejepscot. Here the 
water tumbles over massy rocks, and rushes through narrow passes, about one 
hundred feet perpendicular, from the surface to the bed below. These falls 
are not abrupt as over a mill-dam, but descend on an inclined plane, broken 
with ledges. Here are mills and one is supplied with water through a channel 
sunk in solid rock. The river below the falls is fifty to sixty rods wide, and 
seldom so shoal as to be fordable by a man and horse, even in summer. 

" As you stand on an elevation, one mile below these falls, you see the 
rapid river, called the Little Androscoggin, flow in from the westward, shooting 
its current across the bed of the main Androscoggin, forming a channel on the 
eastern shore, and adding a fourth to the main river. It rises in Woodstock 



34 History op^ Androscoggin County. 



and Norway, and receives waters from Moose and Gleason ponds in Paris, as 
it passes between the swells of that town, and also those of Thompson on the 
southerly side, turning many mills, especially in Minot and some in Poland, 
which two towns it separates. It has generally high banks, though lined with 
intervales or strong land. 

" On the east side of the great Androscoggin is the Thirty-Mile or Dead 
river, the natural and only outlet of great Androscoggin pond, three and one- 
half miles long, and three broad, between Leeds and Wayne. Dead river, 
from the outlet in Leeds to Androscoggin river, is six miles in length, eight or 
ten rods in width and deep, and its bed is so level and exactly horizontal that 
the rise of the great river eighteen inches will invert the current of Dead river 
its whole length. Li great freshets much water is forced into the pond, which 
becomes a reservoir, greatly soaking, however, and hurting the lands on its 
borders." 

Dr Ezekiel Holmes treats of the physical and geological features of the 
Androscoggin in this manner: The Androscoggin river takes its rise not far 
from the Canada line and the headlands that divide the waters of the 
Chaudiere, Kennebec tributaries, and the Androscoggin. It passes south- 
westerly, expanding in its course into the lakes Moosilamaguntic, Argwason, 
Molechunkamunk, Wallakenabagog, and Umbagog. From this last lake it 
passes out on its northwest quarter, at first westerly and then southerly, in a 
sluggish, quiet manner until it comes to Errol in New Hampshire. Here it 
meets with obstructions and forms a fall wliicli has been taken up for mill 
sites. It continues to flow in a southerly direction until it reaches Shelburne, 
when it sweeps round the base of the mountains easterly to the easterly line of 
Livermore, when it again curves southeasterly, which general course it holds 
until it unites with the Kennebec river at Merrymeeting bay. 

The Androscoggin, from the time it meets with its first obstruction at 
Errol, has a difficult and troubled pathway and has more rapids, falls, and 
cataracts than any other river of its size in Maine. It has along its banks at 
certain sections of its course some splendid intervals as well as swells of 
upland of the first quality. Evidences are abundant to prove that it was once, 
in the space at least from Shelburne to East Livermore, what a part of it is 
now at Umbagog and above, a connected chain of lakes, separated at certain 
places by obstructions which formed natural dams and held its waters at 
higher level, until they gave way and furnished them a more free passage, as 
they are now found. It was while in tliis lake state that the splendid intervals 
were formed. 

Reasons for this Belief:— i^//-.s^. These interval or bottom lands are 
alluvial deposits. The material of which they are composed was deposited 
while the water was in a quiescent state, and therefore formed the bottom of 
lakes and ponds. Second. These interval or bottom lands are not continuous. 



The Androscoggin River. 35 

but located in sections of more or less magnitude and at different distances 
from each other, and these separations are formed by the liighlands coming 
down nearer to the river than they do in the region of the intervals. In 
passing up the river from Livermore Falls to Shelburne, N. H., where the 
highlands close in toward the river, you will erelong come to a tract of 
interval land. This is also the case in going from Livermore Falls to Jay. 
After passing through the highlands which come more or less near to the 
banks on the Livermore and Jay side, you reach the splendid intervals of Jay 
point. The cause of their formation at this locality was, in the first place, a 
valley or larger opening between the mountains, giving space for a lake, and 
in the next place, the obstruction, for a long time, of the river by the high- 
lands below, thereby forming a lake at the place referred to. Here, when the 
current was at rest, the fine particles of earthy matter gathered, and, suspended 
in the water in their course, were deposited at the bottom, and by their 
accumulations formed what are now beautiful farms. On a reverse principle 
it is accounted for, there being comparatively less amount of alluvial and 
more diluvial land or drift in that portion of the river below Livermore Falls 
than above. The Androscoggin, at Jay, had worked itself to the southerly 
side of the mountain chain through which it had passed from the upper part 
of Gilead in an easterly direction, and thereby nearly out of them. Finding 
less obstruction here at the southerly margin of the hills than farther east, it 
was turned almost square about in a southerly direction, and spread itself over 
a large extent, depositing, while in motion, as it passed along, the sands and 
heavier gravels, and probably, while the ice prevailed, heavy bowlders, thus 
forming sand bars and islands, etc., which now constitute the swells and ridges 
and irregular curves that form the surface of that part of the country. The 
channel of this river is so full of obstructions that but a small part of it can be 
said to be navigable. 

The Drainage District of the Androscoggin occupies the country lying 
between the sea on the southeast and the northerly outposts of the White 
Mountains. Its southern part is separated from the Saco basin by the 
hydrographic area of the Presumpscot and Royal, but is conterminous with it 
in the northern part. Its greatest length is 110 miles, from the ocean to its 
remotest sources; greatest breadth is 70 miles, from Randolph, N. H., to 
Fayette. The area in Maine is about 2,750 square miles ; in New Hampshire 
about 850 square miles; of this nearly the whole is located above the lowest 
mill privilege and contributes to the water-power of the main river. Its 
elevation is considerably greater than tliat of any other hydrographic district 
in the state. We give the height above tide-water of some points situated 
upon the river or railroads: Danville Junction, 180 ft; Auburn (station), 
210 ft; Lewiston, 212 ft; Leeds, 260 ft; Mechanic Falls (station), 270 ft; 
Oxford (station), 310 ft; East Livermore (station), 360 ft; South Paris 



36 History of Androscoggin County. 



(station), 370 ft; Locke's Mills (station), 710 ft; head of Rumford, about 
600 ft; Bethel (station), 640 ft; Androscoggin river at Bethel, 620 ft; 
White's Corner, 659 ft; mouth Pleasant river, about 632 ft; Gilead, 700 ft; 
State Line (Grand Trunk Railway crossing), 690 ft; Gorham, N. H. (station), 
802 ft; head of Berlin Falls, N. H., 2,000 ft; northeast head of Magalloway 
river, 2,640 ft; northwest head of Magalloway river, 2,917 ft. The high 
general elevation of this district, combined with its irregularity of surface, 
secures a large amount of power upon the streams in proportion to its extent 
and its volume of annual discharge. The yearly precipitation of moisture 
upon this basin, including the Maine and New Hampshire portions, is estimated 
as nearly 338,000,000,000 cubic feet ; these figures are based upon an assumed 
average downfall of 42 inches. 

The principal tributaries on the right side are the Little Androscoggin 
received at Auburn ; basin, 30 miles in length ; 15 miles in breadth ; area, 
280 square miles; length of stream, 40 miles; estimated discharge, 10,120,- 
000,000 cubic feet ; Twenty-Mile river at Turner ; basin length, 19 miles ; 
breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25 miles; discharge, 
5,850,000,000 cubic feet. On the left side are Sabattus, at Lisbon ; length of 
basin, 16 miles; breadth, 7 miles; area, 75 miles; discharge, 2,925,000,000 
cubic feet; Dead river, at Leeds; length of basin, 22 miles; breadth, 5 miles; 
area, 85 square miles; length of stream, 28 miles; discharge, 33,000,000,000 
cubic feet; Webb's river, at Dixfield ; length of basin, 17 miles; breadth, 
11 miles; area, 135 square miles; length of stream, 23 miles; discliarge, 
5,265,000,000 cubic feet; Swift river, at Mexico; basin, 22 miles in length; 
8 miles in breadth; area, 133 square miles; length of stream, 24 miles; dis- 
charge, 5,187,000,000 cubic feet; and Ellis river, at Rumford; basin length, 
18 miles; breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25 
miles ; discharge 5,850,000,000 cubic feet. Its most valuable water-power sec- 
tion, from Rumford Falls to the tide, is 75 miles long; but in reality it is a 
water-power river in its whole length from the lakes to Brunswick, 150 miles. 
The estimated discliarge from the basin for the year amounts to 135,000,000,000 
cubic feet. Of this nearly the whole is tributary to the working power of the 
river. The natural inconstancy of the river is already overcome to a great 
extent, and can be to a far higher degree by the use of its great reservoirs 
for storage purposes, and this at little expense. The range from lowest to 
highest water, at Lewiston, is eight feet; Lisbon, seven feet; Livermore, eight 
feet. From the origin of the Androscoggin to the tide at Brunswick is 150 
miles, with a fall of 1,256 feet. The mean slope is 8.33 feet to the mile, corre- 
sponding to an angular depression of 5'.5 circular measurement per mile. The 
principal reservoirs of the Androscoggin and its tributaries number 83 principal 
lakes and ponds, with 156.25 square miles of surface, but the aggregate of 
lake surface in the Androscoggin basin is 213 square miles, or one square mile 



The Androscoggin River. 37 

to 17 square miles of basin. At the low stage of the river, water from 
Umbagog lake reaches Lewiston in from 36 to 48 hours. If the mean volume 
of water that can, in the present state of the reservoirs, be commanded on 
the river, in the low run of summer, from Rumford falls to the tide, be assumed 
to be 75,000 cubic feet per minute for 11 hours per day, the total power of 
this section of the river is 85,200 horse-power, gross measurement, for the 
hours specified, or 3,747,600 spindles. 

Water Powers. — That valuable compilation, " Wells's Water Power of 
Maine," published in 1869, gave, from authentic and official information, 
closely accurate statistics concerning all privileges of water-power in this 
county. We extract this portion as it gives a full description of the powers 
that have brought so much wealth and prosperity to this section, and a state- 
ment of the manufacturing condition at that day. The development since 
belongs to the history of the towns. 

Auburn. — Auburn falls is on the Little Androscoggin river, immediately 
east of the Grand Trunk railway. The foot of the falls is about one-fourth 
of a mile from the Androscoggin river. The total height is 70 feet, obtained 
in a running distance of 150 rods. The bottom of the stream is a solid ledge, 
and affords unsurpassed sites for the firm establishment of dams. The banks 
are steep and ledgy, and offer good sites for mills. The volume of water 
employed at Mechanic Falls is, as reported, nearly 20,000 cubic feet per 
minute for the ordinary manufacturing hours at the low stage of water. 
It is probably reasonable to infer the low run at Auburn to be 22,000 feet 
per minute for the same hours, as the contributions of several ponds improved 
for reservoirs as well as of various streams are received below Mechanic Falls. 
This would give a gross poAver of 2,780 horse on the whole fall or 114,800 
spindles. This result, so remarkable for a stream which drains only 280 
square miles, is obtained by the improvement of its numerous and capacious 
reservoirs whose capacity is not yet fully developed. There are a saw-mill, 
box-mill, and batting-mill on the privilege ; these operate all the year. 

The power on Taylor brook, the outlet of Taylor pond, which covers about 
two square miles, has four feet of storage ; about fifty rods from the Maine 
Central railroad track, twelve feet fall ; is capable of carrying three runs of 
flour-stones under a nine-foot head in the summer months. 

Ryerson's Privilege on the Little Androscoggin river is eight miles below 
Mechanic Falls, and three miles from Lewiston. Twenty feet head can be 
had. There is no improvement. There were formerly a saw-mill, grist-mill, a 
shingle and clapboard machine owned by Nicholas Ryerson. This privilege 
is in receipt of all the water commanded at Mechanic Falls, and the available 
power is inferred to be about 840 horse-power or 33,000 spindles. 

Near the outlet of the Little Wilson pond is a saw-mill. The pond is used 
for a reservoir. There is also a saw-mill below, near Wilson Pond (Lake 



38 History of Androscoggin County. 



Auburn). At the outlet of this body of water there is a fall of seven feet, 
which can be increased to twelve ; here are peg, saw, grist, and box mills, and 
a furniture factory. The pond covers 1,968 acres, upon which a head of eight 
feet is commanded. 

Lpwisfon.— Five powers. First ; Lewiston Falls, on the Androscoggin river 
twenty miles above its junction with the Kennebec and forty miles by the 
river from the ocean. They are formed by gneiss and mica schist, crossing the 
river diagonally, and so extended as to form the bottom and sides of the stream 
above and below the falls and projecting above the water in several small rocky 
islets that serve as abutments to the dams. The natural fall is thirty-eight feet, 
which, with dams of an average height of about twelve feet, produces an 
available power of fully fifty feet head. This descent is attained in a hori- 
zontal distance of 600 feet. The volume of water at its lowest stage is 94,000 
cubic feet per minute, eleven hours a day. The water is under such perfect 
control that the total run of the river in drouth is economized, none going to 
waste by night or on Sundays. The enormous increase in the volume of water 
now used is 58,000 cubic feet per minute. At lowest run, 8,900 horse-power, 
gross measurement, or 356,000 spindles. Of this 5,450 horse-power is now in 
use. The available power can be doubled or trebled, as required. It is 
perfectly secure against all possible contingencies of ice or flood. Total range 
from lowest to highest water on the dams is about eight feet. The land also is 
exceedingly favorable for the location of manufacturing establishments, there 
being two natural levels on the margin of the river, the lower allowing twenty- 
two feet fall, the upper twenty-eight feet, and there being also abundant room 
for factories employing the whole power. Brick and stone are easily pro- 
curable. There are four dams' 860 feet in aggregate length, guard locks with 
seven sluiceways nine by twelve feet ; main canal sixty-four feet in average 
breadth in the clear, and designed for twelve feet depth of water ; cross canal 
forty feet broad in the clear, ten feet of water. The dams and guard locks are 
constructed of split granite in the most solid manner. The power is owned by 
the Franklin Company. 

The various manufacturing companies now in occupation of the power are: 

Bates Manufacturimi Company, incorporated in 1850; commenced operations in 1852: 
capital stock, $1,000,000; two cotton mills; one woolen; 40,000 spindles; eight sets of 
machinery; 850 femalos and 350 males employed; 800 horse-power; six turbine water- 
wheels; l)uildin(:;s, brick; annual cotton production, 5,707,372 yards cloth (1,417,949 
l)ounds) ; woolen, 22(),155 yards cloth (146,912 pounds). 

11 ill Mamtfacturinff Company, incorporated, in 1850; conunenced operations in 1854; 
capital stock, $700,000; two mills; 51,200 spindles; 800 females and 200 males employed; 
800 horse-power; four turbine water-wheels; brick buildings; annual production, 7,037,353 
yards of cotton cloth (1,753,770 pounds). 

Androscofjffin Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1860; capital stock, 
$1,000,000; two mills of brick; 50,000 spindles ; 788 females and 312 males employed; 800 



The Androscoggin River. 39 

horse-power ; five turbine water-wheels ; 6,500,000 yards cotton cloth manufactured a year, 
equal to 1,750,000 pounds, and 1,800,000 grain bags weighing as many pounds. 

Continental Mills, incovpovBited in 1865; commenced operations in 1866; capital stock, 
$900,000; one mill of brick; 27,000 spindles; 395 females and 175 males employed; 440 
horse-power; three turbine water-wheels; 5,600,000 yards of cotton cloth manufactured 
per year, weight 1 ,400,000 pounds. 

Franklin Company, incorporated in 1854; commenced operations in 1857. This com- 
pany owns the water-power, canals, and land around the falls on both sides of the river, 
and several hundred acres of land around the more thickly settled portion of the city. 
It owns the Lincoln Mill, of 20,000 spindles; 285 females and 143 males employed; two 
turbine water-wheels; cotton goods are maiuifactured ; 2,800,000 yards per year (750,000 
pounds) ; the grist-mill building, occupied by Bradley & Co., flour and meal manufacturers; 
D. Cowan & Co., manufacturers of woolen and cotton yarns, employing 27 females and 
25 males; H. H. Dickey, manufacturer of belting and covering rollers, employing 10 men; 
three turbine water-wheels; a saw-mill occupied by S. R. Bearce & Co., manufacturers of 
lumber; five water-wheels; Lewiston Bleachery and Dye Works, occupied by N. W. Farwell; 
capacity for bleaching and dyeing eight tons per day ; 14 females and 204 males employed; 
one turbine water-wheel; several machine shops; two turbines. 

Leiviston Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1853; capital stock, .$500,000 ; 
two mills of brick; 17,880 spindles; 460 females and 211 males employed; 450 horse-power ; 
three turbine water-wheels; cotton and jute manufactured; 764,619 yards cloth (1,241,776 
pounds) per year; jute used, 1,679,281 pounds; cotton and jute bags, 1,233,423 per year. 

Lewiston Falls Mafinfactiiring Company, incorporated and commenced operations in 
1834; John M. Frye, agent; capital stock, $60,000; two mills, brick and wood; six sets of 
machinery; 45 females and 40 males employed; two water-wheels; 225,000 yards of woolen 
cloth manufactured per year. 

Leiviston Lower Poteer of 1,500 horse, two miles below Lewiston Falls on 
the Androscoggin river, has not been improved. Two miles up the river at 
Deer Rips there is unimproved power of at least 2,500 horse ; the two 
together are sufficient to drive cotton mills containing 250,000 spindles. 
Barker's Mills on Barker's Mill stream, fall twenty feet in twenty rods, has 
a saw-mill and a grist-mill ; both operate three months, and the grist-mill nearly 
the whole year. Stream fed by Berry pond. Owned by J. B. Ham & Co. The 
privilege at the outlet of Nonanac pond falls twelve feet in twelve rods and 
has power sufficient to drive one run of stones the whole year. The pond is 
flowed a little and can be flowed so as to cover 300 acres. 

Lisbon. — Eight powers. One at Lisbon Falls on the Androscoggin river 
in the southeast corner of the town. There were originally two falls about 
900 feet apart, giving together a natural fall of thirty -one feet in the 1,800 
feet, which is increased by the elevation of the dam to thirty-three feet. The 
upper fall, just below which the dam was located, is formed by a ledge of 
granite making directly across an island about 300 feet distant to the opposite 
shore 650 feet farther. This ledge extends for more than half a mile down 
the river on both sides, giving the best possible foundation for manufacturing 
establishments. The dam is in two sections each resting on the island. It 



40 History of Androscoggin County. 



is built on the ledge about eight feet lower than the brow of the natural fall, 
and having an average height of ten feet, raises the water but two feet above 
its natural level. It is constructed of hewn timber in crib-work, the lower 
tier fitted to the irregularities in the ledge, and firmly secured with bolts. 
Tlie cribs are filled with rock-ballast and covered with hard-wood plank. The 
whole work and materials were designed to make it equal or superior to any 
dam in the country not built of stone, and it is believed to be strong enough 
to withstand any force to which it may be subjected. The volume of water in 
the dry season, estimated from that at Lewiston with allowance for the addi- 
tions of the Little Androscoggin and Sabattus rivers, is 122,000 cubic feet of 
water per minute, during working time of eleven hours per day, six days in 
the week. 

The improvement of the lakes by which the run of water at Lewiston 
would be increased, would operate to the same extent in favor of the power 
at this point. Without any increase in the dry season the power is equal to 
7,623 horse-power gross or 305,000 spindles. But a trifling amount of this, 
large power is yet in use. The expense of making the balance available has 
been pronounced by competent engineers very small compared with other 
points with the same extent of power. The lay of the land is favorable for 
manufacturing establishments, with sufficient room for utilizing the whole 
power. The power is owned by the Androscoggin Water Power Company. 

The only company in occupation of the power is the Worumbo Mannfact- 
urinii Company^ incorporated in 1861 with a capital stock of $250,000. There 
are two mills with ten sets of cards ; all-wool beavers are manufactured. One 
hundred males and seventy -five females are employed ; pay-roll, $6,500 ; 150 
horse-power is used, and two turbine water-wheels ; annual production, 120,000 
yards six-fourths wide (225,000 pounds) of finished cloth. Building materials, 
both stone and wood, are readily obtained. The Water Power Company owns 
two saw-mills supplied with abundance of pine and hemlock from the sur- 
rounding country, A slight elevation in the reservoir above the dam would 
make the power nearly double that used at Lewiston. 

There are two privileges at Factory village on Sabattus river owned 
by N. W. Farwell. The upper one has a fall of ten feet; is under im- 
provement ; a double turbine wheel is used ; power, 175 horse. The lower 
fall has an old grist-and-saw-mill ; fall, twenty feet ; power, 325 horse. The 
stream is connected with great Sabattus pond with supply of water constant 
and freshets not destructive. At Lisbon Plains on the same river about 
one-third of a mile from the Androscoggin river is an unimproved power of 
twenty feet fall, owned by B. Farnsworth and others. About one-fourth of 
a mile above is a fall of twelve feet, the property of the Paper Company. The 
mill built in 1866 manufactures one and a half tons newspaper per day; 
machinery best quality. Next above is the property of the Farnsworth 



The Androscoggin River. 41 

Manufacturing Company ; fall, thirteen feet ; a woolen mill built in 1865 has 
first-class machinery and manufactures 30,000 yards per month of " three- 
fourths " goods ; spare power except in drouth. The seventh and eighth 
powers are on Little river, near its junction with the Androscoggin. 

Durham has three water-powers. One on the outlet of a small pond in the 
western part of the town has a grist-mill, and a saw-mill which cuts 40,000 feet 
3^early ; one in the northeast part on a small stream has a grist and shingle 
mill. One near Southwest Bend has grist, saw, shingle and clapboard mills 
which cut 40,000 feet of boards annually. The mills work about eight months 
in the year. 

Wehister. — There are four powers on Sabattus pond. First fall, twelve 
feet ; second, fourteen feet ; third, twelve feet ; fourth, eighteen feet. Dams 
and mills upon each fall ; the mills operate all of the year ; a large amount of 
unused power; privileges all owned in town. Sabattus pond covers four 
square miles and is dammed. Its reservoir capacity could be much increased. 
Stream safe and constant with abundant water throughout the year. The 
power may be inferred, as below at Factory Fall in Lisbon, 175-horse is secured 
on a ten-foot fall with a turbine wheel. There is building stone on the fourth 
fall only, abundant and good. Land upon each of the falls level and 
convenient for the location of mills. One-third of the basin covered by woods. 

Cfreene. — There are four water-powers. One on Sabattus stream with 
fifteen feet fall from top of dam to vent of wheels ; two-thirds of the fall is 
secured by the dam. Another is on Meadow brook where a saw and shingle 
mill is operated fall and spring. There are two powers on the outlet stream of 
Allen's pond which are more valuable than the others ; formerly there were 
grist, shingle, and carding mills upon them. The fall is twenty and twenty- 
five feet. The water holds out the year round with an excellent chance for 
dams. A saw-mill operates four months in the year, and a grist-mill all the 
year. No damage from freshets; annual production, $7,000. 

Leeds has eight water-powers. On Cushman's mill stream are grist-mills, in 
former years used only for saw-mills. Fifty rods below are shingle machines, 
etc. One on Coffin's mill stream ; here are saw and shingle mills. That on 
Bridgliam stream is unimproved, but had formerly a grist and a carding mill. 
There was formerly a grist-mill on Mason brook ; power not used. There is a 
shingle mill on a small stream in the north part of the town. Two powers are 
unused ; one in the northwest part operates a shingle-mill, and a small but 
good power in southwest part where was formerly a saw-mill. These powers, 
though not large, are susceptible of more use. Androscoggin pond on the 
confines of Leeds is connected with the Androscoggin river by Dead stream, 
and as the pond lies on the same level as the river the waters flow in and out 
according to the stage of the river. Could be stored at high water and held 
for reserve. 



42 History of Androscoggin County. 



East Livermore.—A privilege with small power on Johnny brook works about 
half the time. There is a similar one on Norris's brook. Livermore Falls on 
the Androscoggin has a natural fall twenty-two feet in thirty rods, upper fall 
fourteen feet, then eight feet fall in thirty rods. The dam located on the 
crest of the upper fall is seven feet high, making the total head and fall 
twenty-nine feet. It can be raised seven feet. The power due to the total 
available fall (thirty-six feet), the volume of water being assumed fifteen per 
cent, less tlian at Lewiston, or 79,900 cubic feet per minute at the lowest run, 
is 5,436 horse-power gross, or 217,400 spindles. In 1867 the proprietors 
built a very excellent dam of crib work filled in with stone in its whole extent 
(as strong a construction as can be made except of split granite) with a view 
to future enlargement, and it can be raised seven feet without damage to 
flowing. The land on both sides of the river is peculiarly well adapted to the 
location of manufacturing establishments. The rock in the immediate vicinity 
of the falls is lit for foundation and other rough work. Excellent granite is 
abundant within two miles. Building bricks of excellent quality were 
delivered at the Falls in 1868 for six dollars per thousand. Of the 5,436 
horse-power probably not over one hundred is in use which operates a saw- 
mill, grist-mill, and some small establishments. The Rocomeka Company is 
the chief proprietor of the power. It owns the saw-mill, and a building eighty 
by thirty feet, three stories high, and a fifty-horse steam-boiler attached for 
heating purposes. This privilege is regarded as next to Lewiston in sum of 
power, but not in availability and facilities for improvement. 

Liiwnnore. — Twelve powers. Five on a stream from Long pond. A 
saw-mill near the outlet, with a fall of nine feet; 600 square inches of water- 
in use; a giist-mill below, with a fall of twelve feet; 300 square inches of 
water; pill-box factory has a fall of ten feet; a rake factory, fall twelve 
feet; a saw-mill, fifteen feet fall. On a stream from Turner pond at the outlet 
is an unimproved power; fall, eight feet; capacity, 1,200 square inches. A 
short distance below is a grist-mill ; fall, fifteen feet ; capacity, 1,200 square 
inches of water ; center-vent wheels. On the same stream, opposite the 
mill, is an unimproved privilege, with equal capacity to that of the grist-mill. 
These three privileges are owned by Hollis Turner, Esq. Just below the 
grist-mill is a building with various saws; the fall is nine feet; capacity, 
2,500 square inches. This mill does a good business at flood of water, spring 
and fall. Ownership, Lewiston Company. About half a mile below, on the 
same stream, this conq^any owns another water-power, not improved, equal to 
or better in many respects, than the improved one. There are two smaller 
powers on separate streams with a shingle-mill on each. 

Turner. — Turiier Centre falls on the Androscoggin ten miles above Lew- 
iston has twelve feet fall ; excellent opportunity for canals and dam ; hard 
bottom and banks ; abundant stone. If the volume of water at low run be 



The Androscoggin River. 43 

assumed to be five per cent, less than at Lewiston, or 89,300 cubic feet per 
minute for eleven hours per day, the gross power of the fall is about 2,030 
horse, or 81,200 spindles. The power can be vastly increased by reservoirs. 

North Turner falls at North Turner bridge, sixteen miles above Lewiston, 
fall thirteen feet. The natural force of the water is so great that a saw- 
mill has been run here by its means. The sites for mills are excellent, and 
canal facilities of the best. An island in the river diminishes the required 
length of dam. If the volume of water at low run be assumed as ten per 
cent, less than at Lewiston, or 84,600 cubic feet per minute for eleven hours 
a day, the gross power of the fall at thirteen feet is 2,080 horse-power, or 
83,200 spindles. There are six powers at Turner, viz. : one on Martin stream 
at outlet of Bear pond ; saw-mill can cut 600,000 feet annually ; fall ten 
feet; one at North Turner village three-fourths of a mile below, lumber, 
grist, and carding mills, and carriage factory, could cut a million feet annually; 
fall ten feet. At Chase's Mills there is a saw-and-shingle-mill, and hub and 
bowl factory. On Twenty-Mile river at Turner village there is a woolen 
factory, grist-mill, lumber-mill, and carriage factory doing a large amount of 
business ; fall about twelve feet. At Bradford village on the same river there 
is a fall of twelve feet. This power is capable of a large amount of business 
if properly improved. At the mouth of Twenty-Mile river is a fall of eleven 
feet, with saw and grist mill ; power enough for more business. 

Minot and Poland. — There are four powers on the Little Androscoggin 
river. First, Mechanic Falls ; fall, thirty-seven feet in 950 feet distance ; 
velocity of current ninety-six feet per minute. Area of cross section 270 
square feet. Power not half improved ; partially improved in paper making. 
There is a first-class stone dam at the head of the fall ; a wooden dam midway 
and space for another dam below. Power is owned by A. C. Denison & Co. 
The mills operate all the year. On the upper dam, fourteen feet head, eleven 
turbine wheels now operate of 405 horse-power ; hence the volume of water 
for the working hours of the day must be equal to 20,000 cubic feet per 
minute, and the power of the whole fall for the same hours, 1,053 horse. 
Second, Page's Mills has a fall of fourteen feet in 1,500 feet distance. Volume 
of water same as at Mechanic Falls less Waterhouse brook, which is 3,000 
cubic feet per minute. Power partially improved in sawing lumber, in the 
manufacture of sash and doors, and grist-mill; mills operate all the year; 
power owned by Moses Page and A. A. Bucknam. Third, Hackett's Mills 
has a fall thirteen feet in 250. Volume of water same as at Mechanic Falls 
plus Bog brook, 1,500 cubic feet per minute. Improved in part in saw-mills ; 
power owned by J. T. Waterman and Willard Buck; mills operate all the 
year. Fourth, Minot Corner ; fall, eleven and one-half feet in 500 run. 
Volume of water same as at Hackett's Mills, with the addition of a small 
tributary. Improved in part by saw and grist mills, which operate all the 



44 History of Androscoggin County. 



year. Owned by A. S. Freeman, Willard Buck, and others. Sites for 
building upon the privileges excellent. Freshets harmless, the reservoirs 
holding back the great body of water. 

Mlnot. — The other three powers here are Faunce's Mill, on Bog brook; 
fall, twelve and one-half feet in fifty feet ; operates part of the year. West 
Minot falls, on Bog stream; fall, twenty- two and one -half feet in five 
hundred feet. Hilburn falls, on Bog stream; power not used. The first and 
second are partially improved in saw-mills and a planing-mill. The stream 
will run the planing-mill all the year. One-third of the basin covered with 
woods. 

PoJaiuJ. — Three powers. PoLand Corner privilege on Waterhouse brook; 
fall, eighteen feet in 350 feet ; velocity of current, 100 feet per minute ; area 
of cross section, thirty square feet ; improved in part by a grist-mill and 
saw-mill ; a good stone dam across the head of the falls ; mills operate all 
the year. Shaker mill ; fall, forty-two feet in 250 feet distance ; a thirty-foot 
overshot wheel runs a large amount of machinery all the year for grinding, 
sawing, planing, machine shops, carding, etc. West Poland Mill Company, 
on Saunders's brook ; an eighteen-foot overshot wheel, saw-mill, operating 
half the year. Power could be increased to some extent by fiowing meadows. 



CHAPTER IV. 



ABORIGINAL TRIBES AND HISTORY. 



By J. G. Elder. 



THE early voyagers on the coast of Maine, Gosnold, Pring, and Weymouth, 
were strongly impressed with the peculiar character, manners, and 
customs of the aboriginal inhabitants. They were, in some respects, 
unlike any people seen by the natives of Europe, although they were regarded 
by them as closely allied to the people of the East. Their descriptions of this 
new-found race are brief but quite exact, and one of them — Weymouth kid- 
napped several of the natives and carried them to England, in order that those 
who were interested in colonization might learn something of the country and 
its strange inhabitants. The celebrated Captain John Smith, who visited our 
coast in 1614, and who had been familiar with the savages of Virginia, refers 



Aboriginal, Tribes and History. 45 

to these as being essentially like those of the South. Richard Vines, who was 
here in 1(317-18, mingled much witli the Indians, visited their wigwams, was a 
witness of the great mortality which so decimated the settlements on the New 
England coast that much of it was abandoned, speaks of tlieir simple habits, 
their fortitude, and the apparent indifference with which they met their fate. 

At this time there were five distinct tribes that occupied what is now the 
state of Maine. The Sokokis inhabited the valley of the Saco river, but were 
most numerous near its head waters, their villages being located on the 
alluvial lands of Fryeburg and Conway, New Hampshire. The Pegwakets and 
the Ossipees, if not a part of the tribe, were branches of it. In 1725 they 
were attacked by Captain Lovewell and in a sanguinary and disastrous battle 
their power was completely broken, and the most of the tribe, disheartened by 
their misfortunes, retired to Canada. 

The Anasagunticooks were a numerous and powerful tribe, and their 
hunting-grounds covered the entire valley of the Androscoggin. The Canabas 
tribe were located on both sides of the Kennebec river, where they had several 
important villages. The Wawenocks occupied the coast between the Sheep- 
scot and St Georges rivers. They were very accurately described by Captain 
John Smith, whose intercourse with them was frequent and undisturbed. 
It was from this tribe that Captain George Weymouth secured those he carried 
to England, and from this same tribe the perfidious Hunt — the companion of 
Captain John Smith in 1G14 — kidnapped some twenty-seven and carried them 
to Spain and sold them as slaves. The Penobscots were unquestionably the 
most numerous and powerful. They inhabited the country on both sides of 
tlie Penobscot bay and river. In the summer they occupied the land near the 
sea, but in the winter tliey retired to the interior. They were most numerous 
near the falls — Oldtown — where they now reside. It is not a little remark- 
able that this tribe, now numbering about five hundred persons, still occupies 
their ancient abode, and although surrounded by American people and insti- 
tutions and also under the care of the state, yet they retain their language 
and religion, and most of the habits and customs which have come down 
through the centuries, and in all probability will retain them for centuries to 
come, or until the tribe becomes extinct. The Passamaquoddies were found 
in the eastern part of the state, their tribal home being near the lower Schoodic 
lakes. Their present number is about five hundred. They adhere with great 
tenacity to the religious forms taught them by the Jesuits. The estimated 
population of these tribes in 1615 was 31,600. It was supposed these tribes 
could muster 8,800 warriors, distributed as follows : Sokokis, 900 warriors ; 
Anasagunticooks, 1,500 warriors; Canabas, 1,500 warriors; Wawenocks, 1,100 
warriors ; Penobscots, 2,400 warriors ; Passamaquoddies, 1,400 warriors. 

We are in possession of very little information in relation to the Anasagun- 
ticooks — or Androscoggin Indians, as they were subsequently called — before 



46 History of Androscoggin County. 



King Philip's war, in 1675-6. At Brunswick falls they had an encampment or 
place of resort and a fort. Here was the great pass between the eastern and 
western tribes, and during the Indian wars they frequently met at this 
camping-ground and planned their cruel and barbarous attacks upon the 
defenceless settlers. At Lewiston falls they frequently rendezvoued, and at 
an early day had a fort of considerable magnitude. There was a large encamp- 
ment at Canton, covering the fine interval of that region. Owing to their 
location they were less disturbed in their hunting and fishing and suffered less 
by the. encroachments upon their territory than any other tribe; but notwith- 
standing this freedom from interruption, none were more hostile or vindictive 
towards the colonists. The Androscoggins were the first to "dig up" the 
tomahawk and the last to "bury" it. 

Hardly had the first alarm of King Philip's war reached the scattered and 
defenceless settlers before a party of this ferocious tribe came to the plantation 
of Thomas Purchase, in Brunswick, but they did only a little " Mischief save 
plundering it of strong Liquor and Ammunition, also killing a Calf or two 
with a few Sheep, but no more than what they eat, and spoiling a Feather-bed, 
by ripping it open to turn out the Feathers, contenting themselves with the 
Case, which they might more easily carry away." .... "but as they went 
away, told those of the House, that there were others coming after, that would 
deal far worse with them, which within a short Time after came to pass." 
Mr Purchase and his "sons were absent, but one of his sons who returned 
wliile the savages were plundering the house, wus obliged to flee for his life." 
Shortly after — September 5, 1675, — they destroyed his buildings and cattle, 
and the family fled to Massachusetts, but never returned to occupy their 
possessions. 

The Anasagunticooks were very active during the war and quite a number 
of their warriors joined Philip's forces in Massachusetts, and "Sundry of 
them," says Hubbard, " came short of Home." It was their purpose to unite 
all of the tribes in a crusade against the whites, and to accomplish this design, 
sent representatives to the Sokokis in order to induce them to enter heartily 
into the war, making it one of extermination. Philip was killed August 12, 
1675, and in the following winter an armistice was made with the Indians in 
the western part of Maine ; but this did not include the Anasagunticooks or 
the Canabas. During the early part of 1676 some of the sagamores visited 
Abraham Shurte at Pemaquid and complained of the treatment received from 
the colonists. Shurte assured them that justice should be done, and then 
referred to the happy peace which had been made with the Sokokis and other 
Indians, which might become general if the Anasagunticooks and Canabas 
would assent to it. The sagamores seemed pleased with the interview and 
soon after sent a "runner" inviting him to meet them in council at " Tecon- 
net." Captain Sylvanus Davis was associated with Shurte, and they proceeded 



Aboriginal Tribes and History. 47 

at once to Teconnet. "We come now," said the agents, "to confirm the 
peace, especially to treat with the Anasagunticooks. We wish to see Squando, 
and hear Tarumkin speak." He then said: "I have been westward where I 
found three sagamores wisliing for peace ; many Indians unwilling. I love the 
clear streams of friendship, that meet and unite. Certain, I myself, clioose 
the shades of peace. My heart is true, and I give you my hand in pledge of 
the truth." The professions of Tarumkin and the other chiefs did not secure 
peace, and the war was more terrible and sanguinary, if possible, than before. 
Peace did not come to the disheartened and enfeebled colonists until the 
winter of 1678. At that time Massachusetts appointed commissioners to treat 
with Squando and the Anasagunticooks. They met at Casco and on April 13, 
1678, signed articles of peace. 

The close of the war was the occasion of universal joy, though the memo- 
ries of the struggle caused extreme sorrow. Almost every family bore the 
marks of grief, as there were few who had not lost friends or property, and 
many had been bereft of both. The terms of peace were generally considered 
disgraceful to the Engiisli. The losses sustained in life were extremely pain- 
ful. About two hundred and sixty were known to have been killed or carried 
into captivity from which they never returned, and nearly one hundred and 
fifty were made captives and subsequently released. 

There had been only ten years of peace when King William's war broke 
out with all the horrors so well known, and dreaded, in savage warfare. 
The sagamore of the Anasagunticooks, Tarumkin, had been succeeded by 
Worombee, who, in 1684, had granted large tracts of land on the Andros- 
coggin to Richard Wharton of Boston, but now he was loud in his protesta- 
tions against the encroachments of the whites. As in Philip's war, so now 
this tribe was ready to renew the conflict with the colonists, and made their 
first attack at North Yarmouth, August 13, 1688. The war was prosecuted by 
the Indians with remarkable vigor and cunning, accompanied by all the 
cruelties peculiar to the savages. The natives of the Androscoggin had 
exhibited so much ferociousness and inhumanity, that the Government at 
Boston determined to send an expedition, under the command of the celebrated 
Major Church, to destroy Worombee's fort at the upper falls of the Andros- 
coggin. He arrived here September 14, 1690. We give an extract from 
Church's account of the attack and capture of the fort, as follows: 

"The same day [September 13] we advanced up the river towards 
Amascogg, on the southwest side of the river, altho the way was extream 
difficult; yett it was a more obscure way; the enemie useing to march on the 
N. E. side. We marched that day above the middle falls [Lisbon falls] 
about 20 miles; there it began to raine hard; where we encamped and built 
fifty tents, and lay there that night; and at break of day put out our fires and 
marched as soon as twas light: It being the 14th instant and the sabbath day, 



48 History of Androscoggin County. 



the soiildiers marched briskley and came within sight of the fort about 2 of the 
cluck in the afternoon ; then we turned into the woods, and fetched a circum- 
ference, and waded over a little river not much above the knees ; and in short 
time came to the westerly branch [Little Androscoggin] of the Great Rfver, 
and there left our baggage and those men that were tired, and made them up 
40 men to guard the Doctor; and looking over the brow of a hill by the river, 
espied two English captives and an Indian, moving towards the fort; ran after 
them, and soon took the English but the Indian got clear. Then I feared he 
would informe the fort: gave order, that all with one consent should run 
throw the river and not mind any otlier forme ; but he that could gett first to 
the fort, if they had opportunity, to offer them peace. If they would not 
accept to fall on, and by that time they were well entered the rest would be 
come up ; also I gave order for 2 companies to spread between the woods and 
the fort to prevent the escape of the enemie that way — all which was attended 
to. We were very wett running throw the river, but got up undiscovered to 
the fort till within shott ; few Indians we found there, but two men and a lad 
of about 18 ; with some women and children ; 5 ran into the river, 3 or 4 of 
which were killed. The lad of 18 made his escape up the river to another 
place where there was corn [ Canton Point ] about 40 or 50 miles up, after- 
wards we were well informed. We killed 6 or 7 and took eleven. Lodged in 
the fort that night. Only one of our men was wounded in that little scirmish. 
We made use of noe other firewood but the fort all the time we were there. 
Munday being the 15th instant, we having examined the Indians and the 
English captives, made search for come and other plunder. We found a prety 
deal of corn in barnes under ground, and destroyed it ; also we found guns 
and amunition a prety deal, with beaver and we took 5 English captives, viz.: 
Leiut. Robert Hookins his widow of Oyster River ; Benjamin Barnards wife 
of Salmon Falls; Ann Heard of Cochecho ; one Willises daughter of Oyester 
River, and a boy of Exeter." ..." We left two old squaws that were 
not able to march; gave them victuals enough for one week of their own boiled 
corn, and a little of our provisions, buried their dead, and left them clothes 
enough to keep them warme, and left the wigwams for them to lye in, — gave 
them orders to tell theire friends how kind we were to them, — bidding them 
doe the like to ours; also, if they were for peace to come to goodman Smalls 
att liarwick within 14 days, who would attend to discourse them. Then we 
came away with our own 5 captives and 9 of theirs, and waded throw the 
river, and returned in that day and one more to our vessells at Macquait." 

The war lasted for ten years. The commissioners, who negotiated the 
treaty, desired that the resident missionary among the Anasagunticooks should 
be removed " lest the treaty, if made, would be violated as heretofore through 
their instigation." The treaty was the same as that of 1693, with additional 
articles, and was ratified January 7, 1699. 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 49 

The Anasagunticooks, during the period of Queen Anne's War, were not 
so prominent as they had hitherto been. It was not far from this time that 
the French induced many of them to retire to Canada, and with a few 
Wawenocks and Sokokis Indians, formed the St Francis tribe. Gradually 
they became reduced in numbers by removals to the settlement on the St 
Francis, and in a few years only a small number of the once powerful tribe 
that occupied the valley of the Androscoggin, remained. They undoubtedly 
engaged in subsequent wars, and were generally included in the treaties, but 
were rarely present when the treaties were ratified. Many years have passed 
since the last wandering Anasagunticook occupied the valley where they were 
once so numerous, and the name is known only in history. 



CHAPTER V. 

EARLY TITLES, OCCUPANCY, ETC. 



The Cabots— Mary of Guilford — English Claims — Norumbega — Bartholomew Gosnold 
and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims and Occupancy — Captaiu Weymouth — 
Grants by James I — North Virginia — Plymouth Company — Captain John Smith — New 
England — Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason- Province of Maine— Laconia— 
First English Settlements— Kennebec and Other Patents — Plymouth Council — The Twelve 
Grand Divisions- Resignation of Plymouth Patent— William Gorges — New Patent of 
Maine — Gorgeana — Settlement under Gorges —Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship. 

THE English claim to North America was based on its discovery by the 
Cabots in 1497 and 1498, yet the first Englishmen to set foot on its 
shores were part of the crew of the Mary of Guilford, a vessel com- 
manded by John Rut, which, with the Samson, sailed from Plymouth, England, 
June 10, 1527, in search of the northwest passage. They sailed toward 
Newfoundland where a great storm left only the Mary of Guilford to continue 
the search. From Newfoundland she sailed southward, returning "by the 
coasts of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega," i often entering the 
ports, landing men and examining the country, and reaching England in 
October. 

1 At this time Norumbega, or Arambec, was the name given sometimes to Maine, and sometimes 
to the whole tract along the ocean from Nova Scotia to the river later called the Hudson. When 
and by whom first applied is now unknown. It appears on a French map of 1534 as Anorobagra, as 
Nurumbega on one of 1550, and may be shown perhaps on earlier ones. M. Andre Thevet, a French 



50 History of ANDROSCOGGm County. 



In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold sailed along the shores of Maine and gave 
so good a report of its resources, that in 1603 wealthy Englishmen fitted out 
the Speedwell (fifty tons), commanded by Martin Pring, and the Discoverer 
(twenty-six tons), for a trading expedition to America. Leaving Milford 
Haven, April 10, a few days after the death of Queen Elizabeth, a prosperous 
voyage brought them, June 7, to what we know as Penobscot bay. They 
coasted westward until they came to the Piscataqua, but finding no Indians to 
trade with they went south, secured valuable cargoes and sailed home in 
August. Pring made a second voyage in 1606, and in these voyages, accord- 
ing to Gorges, he made a perfect discovery of all these eastern rivers and 
harbors, and took to England the most accurate account of the coast which 
had come to that country. 

Henry IV of France granted to Pierre de Gast, Sieure de Monts, a royal 
patent, November 8, 1603, of all American territory between the fortieth and 
forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, under the name of Acadia. In 1604, 
under the pilotage of Samuel Champlain, who had explored the St Lawrence 
river the year before, he visited Nova Scotia, and by him St Croix was named, 
and a residence made for the winter on the island. The next May (1605) they 
sailed westerly, erected a cross at Kennebec, taking possession in the name of 
the king, passed along the coast to Cape Cod, returned to St Croix, and 
constructed a fort and established a settlement at Port Royal (Annapolis). 
This was the basis of the French claim so tenaciously held to this territory. 

The same year (1605) the English reached out for occupation of this coast. 
A vessel connnanded by George Weymouth was despatched (nominally by 
some enterprising English gentlemen) to discover a northwest passage, but 
doubtless the English government looked for his occupancy of territory " for 
the crown." Leaving the Downs March 31, on May 11 he reached America 
near Cape Cod, sailed north, and shortly thereafter was on the coast of Maine. 
Possession was taken of the country, and a valuable commerce was begun with 
the Indians, " for instance, one gave forty skins of beaver, sable, and otter, 
for articles of five shillings' value." An altercation arising. Captain Weymouth 
seized and carried to England five of the Indians — four of them persons of 

cosmographer, says that in ir)56 he sailed along the entire coast of Florida and visited the coast of 
Norumbega. He describes a river " which we call Norumbegue and the aborigines Agoncy, and 
marked on some charts as the Grand River [this is generally considered to be Penobscot bay], and 
upon its banks the French formerly erected a little fort about ten or twelve leagues from its mouth, 
which was surrounded by fresh water, and this place was named the fort of Norumbegue." He further 
states that some pilots would make him believe that this was the proper country of Canada, but he told 
them this was in 4r>° N. and Canada was in 50 or 52''. Richard Hakluyt in his " Discourse of Western 
Planting," written in 1584, considers Norumbega to extend along the coast without definite limits, in a 
southwestern direction from Cape Breton. Milton immortalized its name in " Paradise Lost," and 
many fabulous descriptions of its capital, The Lost City of New England, are given in the January 
(1877) number of the Mar/azlue of American History. Eben Norton Horsford, in his book, "The Dis- 
covery of the Ancient City of Norumbega," claims to have discovered its actual site on Charles river, 
above Boston. 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 51 

rank. The voyage was financially successful, awoke an interest in the settle- 
ment of the New World that never abated, and was the means of establishing 
the English colonies to which the United States is the successor. But from 
this unprovoked and ill-advised seizure of the natives sprung much of the 
hatred of the English among the aborigines, and the later long and bloody 
wars with them arose from the distrust and revengeful feelings into which this 
arbitrary and cruel act changed the unsuspicious friendship and hospitality 
with which Weymouth's men were greeted. 

In 1606 a belt of twelve degrees on the American coast, embracing nearly 
all the soil from Cape Fear to Halifax, was set apart by James I for two 
companies under one "General Council of Government." One, North 
Virginia, included the land from the forty-first degree of north latitude to the 
forty-fifth ; the other extended from the thirty-fourth to the thirty-eighth 
degree. ^ 

The northern portion was granted to the Plymouth Company, formed in 
the west of England. The king retained the power of appointment of all 
officers, exacted homage and rent, and demanded one-fifth of all the gold and 
silver found, and one-fifteenth of all the copper for the royal treasury. " Not 
an element of popular liberty was introduced into these charters; the colonists 
were not recognized as a source of political power ; they were at the mercy of 
a double-headed tyranny composed of the king and his advisers, the Council 
and its agents." 

A new charter was given to the Council of Plymouth, November 3, 1620, 
granting the lands between the fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north 
latitude, from sea to sea, as " New England in America." All powers of 
legislation, unlimited jurisdiction, and absolute property in this tract were 
given by this charter. This charter is the foundation of the numerous 
subsequent patents by which New England was divided, and its settlements and 
colonies located and limited. The name originated with the celebrated Captain 
John Smith, who, during the years from 1605 to 1616, was the greatest American 
explorer. He made a map of the American coast from Cape Cod to Penobscot 
in 1614, called it " New England," and wrote a brief history of the land. The 
name came into favor with the sovereign, and has been indelibly stamped upon 
this section of America. 

1 The English settlement of Maine antedates by more than thirteen years that of Massachusetts. 
May 31, 1G07, eighteen days after the sailing of the Jamestown colony, two ships, commanded by 
George Popham and Raleigh Gilbert, sailed from Plymouth with one hundred and twenty persons to 
found a colony. This they did at the mouth of the Kennebec, where the name has been commemorated 
by Fort Popham. Their Episcopal minister, Richard Seymour, by prayer and sermon dedicated the 
spot and inaugurated their government. They fortified the ground, erected a fort of twelve guns, 
built a village of fifty houses, a church, and a thirty-ton vessel, the Virginia of Sagadahoc, the first 
ship built in America by Europeans. By various disheartenments the colonists became discouraged; 
they dispersed, and the colony ceased to exist. 



52 History of Androscoggin County. 



Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason were prominent members 
of the Council of Plymouth. A man of intellect and courage, a most brilliant 
naval officer, and a leading spirit in many prominent historical events in 
England, Gorges had always a desire to create a new nation in the barbaric 
lands of America. He had been associated with Raleigh in founding the 
settlements in Virginia, was president of the first Council, and it was through 
him that the exploration and map of New England were made by John Smith. 
Fitting out several expeditions which came to naught, he at last became 
associated with Captain John Mason, a kindred spirit, who had been governor 
of Newfoundland.' The meeting of such men struck coruscant and rapid 
sparks of enthusiasm. In quick succession they secured various charters, 
which were intended to, and really did, cover most of the territory now in 
New Hampshire and Maine. 

A patent was given by King James to Gorges and Mason of " the country 
between the Merrimac and Kennebec to the farthest head of said rivers, and 
sixty miles inland," and all islands, etc., within five leagues of the shore, which 
the indenture says " they intend to call the Province of Maine." This has 
been erroneously stated to be the grant of Laconia^ but, as General Chamber- 
lain says, " The true Laconia grant was in 1629, and embraces the river and 
lake of the Iroquois (Champlain), and the lands bordering on these waters 
ten miles on the south and east, and still further west and north towards 
Canada." 

An association or mercantile organization formed by Gorges, Mason, and 
leading merchants of jjrominent English cities, sent many ships and some 
emigrants in 1622 and 1623, and established trading stations at Piscataqua, 
Monhegan, and, particularly in 1623, at Saco, where for fourteen years Gorges 
had attempted to establish a settlement. But the exclusive privileges granted 
to the Plymouth Council caused great complaint, especially in the jurisdiction 
over fisheries, and Gorges was summoned before the bar of the House of 
Commons, and called upon to deliver his patent. He made an able defence, 
and the king, although requested by the House, would not recall the Charter 
of the Plymouth Council. Public sentiment was so strong that it checked for 
some time the spirit of colonization, and the Council suspended active 
operations. 

In 1624 Gorges procured a patent of 24,000 acres at Agamenticus, now 
York, and individually began its settlement. In 1626 the New Plymouth 
colonists erected a trading-house at Penobscot, and the next year (1627) 
obtained from the Plymouth Council " the first Kennebec patent." March 
19, 1627, the Council granted a patent to six associates, who joined twenty 

1 The first grant of territory by the Plymouth Council was to him. It embraced " the lands between 
Merrimack and Naumkeag, from their sources to the sea, including all islands within three miles of 
the coast." The territory was named Mariana, and the grant was dated March 2, 1621. 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 53 

others with them, and March 4, 1628, obtained a royal charter by which it 
became the colony of Massachusetts Bay. Its patent covered the lands 
between the lines a league southerly of the river Charles, and northerly of the 
Merrimack. January 13, 1629, the Kemieheck or Plymouth patent was granted. 
Mason and Gorges agreed this year to make the Piscataqua river their line of 
division, and the Plymouth Council, November 7, 1629, granted Mason the 
territory west of the Piscataqua in the Laconia grant as New Hainpskire. 

In 1630 was granted the Lyijonln patent, forty miles square, which extended 
t(j the Kennebunk river west, and Harpswell on the east. This was signed for 
the Council by its president, the Earl of Warwick, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges.' 
March 2, 1630, the 3Iii><co)u/us patent, extending "from the sea between the 
rivers Penobscot and Muscongus to an unsurveyed line running east and west 
so far north as would without interfering with the Kennebeck or other patent 
embrace a territory equal to thirty miles square." This later was the "Waldo 
patent," so called from the then principal proprietors. In 1631 "the Pejypscot 
patent" of 1,500 acres on the north side of the river was granted to Richard 
Bradshaw, to include "lands not formerly granted to any other." The last 
grants of lands by the Plymouth Council in the territory now the State of 
Maine were made in 1632. They were : First, the Pemaquid patent. This 
extended " from the sea between Muscongus and Damariscotta rivers (includ- 
ing the Damariscove islands and all others within nine leagues of the shore) 
so far northward as to include 12,000 acres and one hundred acres for each 
person brought by the proprietors within seven years and who reside here 
three years." Second, the Way and Purchase patent, including a tract on the 
river Bishoppscotte (Pejepscot), the Androscoggin and all that bounds and 
limits the mainland to the extent of two miles. ^ 

By this time emigration was large to these new settlements, but many of 
the projectors and merchant adventurers, who had furnished the means for 
ships and stores, outfits of cattle and building materials, with necessary supplies 
for the colonists, began to despair of adequate or any return from the vast 
sums they had expended, and in 1634 Gorges and Mason became possessed of 
all the interest of their associates, and, dividing their joint property, confined 
their individual labors, the one to the northerly and the other to the southerly 
side of the Piscataqua. The Plymouth Council was now doomed. Gorges 
was again summoned before the House of Commons to show cause why the 
charter should not be revoked. With unanswerable arguments presented 
with brilliant eloquence he defended the Council and its measures. In his 
argument he said: "Yes, I have spent X20,000 of my estate, and thirty years, 

1 On account of the attempt to found a purely agricultural colony, and from the name of the first 
vessel bringing emigrants, this was later known as the Plough patent. 

- This reached, it is supposed, to Casco bay on the south, and was the cause of long and bitter con- 
troversy with the Pejepscot proprietors, not settled until 1814. 



54 History of Androscoggin County. 



the flower of my whole life, in new discoveries and settlements upon a remote 
continent, in the enlargement of my country's commerce and dominions, and 
in carrying civilization and Christianity into regions of savages." All in vain. 
Williamson says: 

Never probably bad the discouragements of Gorges and Mason bordered more nearly 
on despair. The charges of establishing a plantation in a wilderness they found to be 
three-fold its worth. The planters, being hired servants or tenants, were often indolent 
and wasteful ; and the fruits of their whole labor would not yield them a tolerable support. 
No superintendent could control their erratic dispositions, or prevent their changes of 
abode from place to place. The proprietors had never visited the country, nor established 
a regular efficient government for the punishment of offenders or the preservation of order. 
The French were making encroachments and committing mischief; the Itidians were rest- 
less, if not unfriendly; and to crown all, a violent, unnatural warfare had commenced 
between king and people at home. 

Before it relinquished its charter the Plymouth Council drew lots, February* 
3, 1635, "in presence of his Majesty," for the ownership of the twelve Grand 
Divisions into which they divided their patent. The first division was called 
the "County of Canada," included the Muscongus grant and the eastern 
portion of the Pemaquid and Kennebec patents; the second was a small 
division — from Pemaquid to Sagadahoc; the third stretched from the Kennebec 
to the Androscoggin, taking in the west half of the Kennebec patent, a part of 
old Laconia, and a part of Gorges and Mason's first grant; the fourth division 
extended from Sagadahoc to Piscataqua, embracing Lygonia, Saco, and Agamen- 
ticus (the third and fourth divisions were assigned to Sir Ferdinando Gorges 
and became New Somersetshire); the fifth extended from the Piscataqua to 
Naumkeag river, and from the sea to a line sixty miles north of the mouths 
of those rivers, a part of the Isle of Shoals, and Masonia, which took 10,000 
acres on the eastern side of Sagadahoc at its mouth (this was assigned to John 
Mason); the sixth extended from Naumkeag river around the seacoast by 
Cape Cod to Narragansett; the seventh "was the territory eastward of a 
monumental boundary to be set up at a place equi-distant from Narragansett 
and Connecticut river extending fifty miles into the country"; the eighth 
reached from this to-be-erected monument to the Connecticut, and also extended 
fifty miles back ; the ninth reached from the Connecticut to the Hudson, 
running thirty miles back; the tenth was a parallelogram forty miles deep 
between these last mentioned rivers immediately above the ninth division; 
the eleventh was on the west bank of the Hudson from the fortieth parallel 
of latitude, extending thirty miles into the country, and the twelfth, thirty 
miles on the river by forty miles in depth, lay directly above the eleventh 
division. 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 55 

The Plymouth Council resigned its patent to the king April 25, 1635, 
" reserving all grants by us made, and all vested rights." Sir Ferdinando 
Gorges was later commissioned royal governor-general of New England, but 
never came here. 

Believing himself possessed of the same authority in government that the 
Plymouth Council had exercised, so far as New Somersetshire was concerned, 
Gorges sent his nephew, William Gorges, a man of manifest ability, as governor 
of the province. He established at Saco, March 28, 1636, the first organized 
court within the limits of Maine. William Gorges did not stay but about 
two years, and the settlers of New Somersetshire, as well as those of New 
Hampshire, looked yearningly on the protection to individual rights afforded 
by the strong, wise, and systematic government of Massachusetts. 

April 3, 1639, a new charter was granted, conveying uncommon powers, 
and covering the territory "beginning at the mouth of the Piscataqua, and 
going up that river through Newichawannock and Salmon Falls river north- 
westward one hundred and twenty miles; from Piscataqua harbor northeast- 
wards along the seacoast to Sagadahock; thence through that river and the 
Kennebeck northwestward one hundred and twenty miles; thence over land to 
the utmost northerly end of the line first mentioned; including the north half 
of the Isle of Shoals, and the islands Capawock and Nautican near Cape Cod; 
also all the islands and inlets within five leagues of the main, along the coasts 
between the said rivers Piscataqua and Sagadahock." This territory was 
granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and incorporated as the Province, or County 
of Maine. A vigorous government with courts was at once established, the 
city of Georgeana (Gorgeana) erected out of the borough of Agamenticus, 
which city for more than ten years exercised civic authority in a very useful 
manner. The settlements and governments of Gorges were conducted with 
Episcopalianism as the established religious faith, and under royal favor, while 
the rapidly growing province of Massachusetts was under dissenting faith 
and more in favor of free institutions and the rights of the people. 

In 1651 Massachusetts laid claim to a portion of Maine, and as Gorges's 
government had failed to satisfy many of the inhabitants of Maine, they sought 
to submit themselves to Massachusetts. Before this (1639) Purchase had 
assigned the Pejepscot grant to the Massachusetts government, to secure its aid 
and protection. By degrees the jurisdiction over Maine, commencing with a 
limited territory in the southwest part, extended eastward, until by 1660 it 
embraced the whole coast district to Passamaquoddy. In 1662 the king 
confirmed the charter of Massachusetts, but in 1664 he issued an order to the 
governor and council of Massachusetts requiring them to restore the Province 
of Maine to Ferdinando Gorges, the grandson of Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Royal 
commissioners were sent to re-instate the government of Gorges, but the old 
order of things returned in a few years, and Massachusetts was the onl}^ stable 



56 History of Androscoggin County. 



power to which the people could look for protection amid the dangers of the 
French and Indian war then in progress. So Massachusetts was encouraged to 
maintain her hold, and May 6, 1677, through its agent, John Usher, it purchased 
all the rights of Gorges for £1,250. A grave doubt arose concerning the powers 
acquired by Massachusetts by this purchase, and assuming ownership only to 
be conferred, the District of Maine was created and a governor appointed. 
From this time until the separation — 1820— Maine was under the proprietor- 
ship of Massachusetts. 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE PEJEPSCOT CLAIM. 
By J. G. Elder. 



Thomas Purchase — Purchase and Way's Patent — Assignment to Governor Winthrop — 
Richard Wharton — The Six Indian Sagamores's Deed — Pejepscot Proprietors — Definition 
of Territory. 

PEJEPSCOT CLAIM.— Thomas Purchase settled on the Pejepscot, ^ now 
the Androscoggin river, about 1628. The precise time as well as the 
exact location are not known. It was undoubtedly within the present 
limits of the town of Brunswick. Subsequently, it has been asserted, he lived 
at Lisbon Falls. Purchase was a farmer and trader, and carried on an exten- 
sive fur and peltr}'^ trade with the Indians. He has been charged with taking- 
advantage of the natives in various ways, but chiefly in the sale of intoxicating 
drinks. One old warrior of the Amonoscoggin tribe " once complained that 
he had given an hundred Pounds for Water drawn out of Mr Purchase his 
Well." In 1632 the Council for New England granted to Thomas Purchase 
and George Way of Dorchester, England, certain lands on " Bishoppscotte " 
river, which unquestionably included the territory occupied by Purchase. 
Way probably never occupied any of the land covered by the grant, and it 
is very doubtful if he ever visited this country, though his widow and sons 
afterwards resided in Hartford, Conn. Purchase conveyed to Governor 
Winthrop, in 1639, his land at Pejepscot, reserving the portion occupied and 
improved by himself. 

1 Pejepscot, according to Dr True, comes from requomsque, in the Algonquin language meaning 
" it is crooked." 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 57 

Within the limits of this patent Purchase lived and continued actively in 
business until the first Indian war, known as King Philip's War, 1675-6, 
when his buildings were destroyed and his family driven away. This was 
probably in September, 1675. Purchase's loss was estimated at one thousand 
pounds. It is said he was at Boston at the time, and had engaged passage in 
Captain Walley's ship for London. There is no evidence that he returned to 
his home on the Androscoggin. He died in Lynn, Mass., May 1, 1678. His 
will was dated May 2, 1677, and probated June 4, 1678. One-third of his 
estate was left to his wife, Elizabeth, and the other two-thirds to his five 
children, Thomas, Jane, Elizabeth, Abraham, and Sarah. His widow married 
John Blany of Lynn, November, 1679. 

Richard Wharton, a Boston merchant, an Englishman by birth and educa- 
tion, conceived the plan of establishing a " manor " after the style of English 
gentlemen, and for that purpose bought, July 4, 1683, of the heirs of Purchase 
and Way the land covered by their patent of 1632, as well as lands bought 
by Purchase of the Indian sagamores. In this purchase of Wharton was 
included the claim of John Shapleigh. The price paid the Purchase heirs 
was one hundred and fifty pounds, thirty of which was paid down and the 
remainder was to be paid when the heirs furnished a copy of the patent 
given to Purchase and Way. There can be no doubt but the copy of the 
patent was produced, for we find him, in 1687, making payments on account 
of his purchase, satisfied with the " conformation he had obtained in right 
of said Purchase and Way for said patent." Wharton's claim included the 
whole of Harpswell, except a few islands, the greater part of Brunswick, 
and a part of Topsham. But this tract of land, extensive as it was, did not 
satisfy the Englishman's manorial ideas, for he sought and obtained from 
Worombee and five other sagamores of the Androscoggin tribe, a large tract 
of land on both sides of the Androscoggin river and extending to the 
"uppermost falls in said Androscoggin river." 



The Six Indian Sagamores's Deed to Richard Wharton. — To all People to whom 
these Presents shall come ; Know yee that whereas near threescore years since M"" Thomas 
Purchase dec'd came into this Country as we have been well informed and did as well 
by Power or Patteut derived from the King of England as by Consent, Contract and 
Agreement with Sagamores and Proprietors of all the Lands lying on the Easterly side of 
Casco-bay, and on the both sides of Androscoggin River and Keunebeck River enter upon 
and take Possession of all the Lands lying four Miles westward from the uppermost Falls 
on said Androscoggin River to Maquoit in Casco-bay, and on the Lands on the other side 
Androscoggin River from above said Falls down to Pejepscott and Merrymeeting Bay to 
be bounded by a Southwest and Northeast Line to run from the upper part of said Falls to 
Kennebeck River, and all the Land from Maquoit to Pejepscott and to hold the same 
Breadth where the Land will bear it down to a Place callet Atkins's Bay near to Sagadehoc 
on the Westerly side of Kennebeck River: And all the Islands in the said Kennebeck 



58 History of Androscoggin County. 



River and Land between the said Atliins's Bay, and Small Point Harbour the Lands & 
Rivers, and Ponds interjacent containing therein Breadth about three English Miles more 
or less. And Whereas we are well assured that Major Nicholas Shapleigh in his life time 
was both by Purchase from the Indians Sagamores, our Ancestors and Consent of Mr 
Gorge's Commissioners possessed and dyed seized of the remainder of the Lands lying and 
Adjoyning upon the Main and all the Islands between the said Small Point harbour and 
Maquoit aforesaid; and particularly of a Neck of Land called Merrycoueeg, and an Island 
called Sebasco:degin. And whereas the Relict and Heirs of said Mr Purchase, and Major 
Nicholas Shapleigh have reserved Accommodations for their several Families, sold all the 
remainder of the aforesaid Lands and Islands to Richard Wharton of Boston Merchant, 
and forasmuch as the said Mr 'Purchase did personally possess improve and inhabit at 
Pejepscott aforesaid near the Centre or middle of all the Lands aforesaid for near Fifty 
years before the late unhappy war; and whereas the said Richard Wharton hath desired 
an Enlargement upon and between the said Androscoggin & Kennebeck River ; and to 
encourage the said Richard Wharton to settle an English Town and promote the Salmon 
and Sturgeon Fishery by which we promise ourselves great supplies, and Relief. Therefore 
and for other good Causes and Considerations and especially for and in consideration of a 
Valuable Sum received from the said Wharton iu Merchandize: We Warumbee Derumkine 
Wehikermell Wedou-Domhegon, Neonongassett, and Wimbanewett chief Sagamores of all 
the aforesaid, and other Rivers & Lands adjacent have iu confirmation of the said Richard 
Wharton's Title and Property fully freely and absolutely Given Granted Ratifyed and 
Confirmed to him the said Richard Wharton all the aforesaid Lands from the uppermost 
part of Androscoggin Falls four miles Westward and so down to Maquoit and by said River 
of Pejepscott; and from the other side oY Androscoggin Falls, all the Lands from the Falls 
to Pejepscot and Merrymeeting Bay to Kennebeck and towards the Wilderness to be 
bounded by a Southwest and Northeast Line to extend from the upper part of the said 
Androscoggin uppermost Falls to the said River of Kennebeck; and all the Lands from 
Maquoit to Pejepscott, and so to run and hold the same Breadth where the Land will bear 
it unto Atkins's Bay in Kennebeck River and Small Point Harbour in Casco-bay; and all 
Islands in Kennebeck & Pejepscott Rivers and Merrymeeting Bay and within the aforesaid 
Bounds especially the aforesaid Neck of Land called Merryconeeg, and Island called 
Sebasco-degin together with all Rivers, Rivoletts, Brooks, Ponds Pools Waters Water- 
courses; all Woods Trees of Timber, or other Trees, and all Mines, Minerals, Quarries, 
and especially the Sole and absolute use and benefitt of Salmon and Sturgeon fishing in all 
the Rivers Rivuletts or Bays aforesaid ; and in all Rivers Brooks Creeks or Ponds within 
any of the Bounds aforesaid : And also We the said Sagamore's have upon the consideration 
aforesaid Given Granted liargained and sold Enfeoffed and Confirmed, and Do by these 
presents Give Grant Bargain & Sell Aliene Enfeoflfe and Confirm unto him the said Richard 
Wharton all the Lands lying five mihis above the Uppermost of the said Androscoggin falls 
in Breadth and Length holding the same Breadth from Androscoggin falls to Kennebeck 
River, and to be bounded by the aforesaid Southwest and Northeast Line and a parcell of 
Land at Five Miles distance to run from Androscoggin to Kennebeck River as aforesaid. 
Together with all Profitts, Priviledges Commodities Benefitts and Advantages, and 
particularly to the Sole propriety lienefitt and Advantage of the Salmon and Sturgeon 
fishing within the Bounds and Limitts aforesaid. To Have and to Hold, to him the said 
Richard Wharton his heirs and Assigns for ever all the aforenamed Lands Priviledges and 
Premisses withal Benefitts Rights Apurteuances, or Advantages that now or hereafter shall 
or may belong unto any part or parcell of the Premisses fully freely and absolutely acquitted 
and discharged from all former & other Gifts Grants Bargains Sales Mortgages and 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 



59 



incumbrances whatsoever. And we the said Warumbee, Darumkin, Wehikermett, Wedou 
Domhegou, Neonougassett, and Nimbanewett Do covenant and grant to and with the said 
Rich*! Wharton that we have in ourselves good Right & full power thus to confirm and 
convey the Premisses: and that we our heirs and successors shall and will Warrant and 
Defend the Richard Wharton his heirs and assigns forever in the Peaceable Enjoyment of the 
Premisses and every part thereof against all & every Person or Persons that may legally 
claim any Rights, Title Interest or Property in the Premisses by from or under us the 
abovenamed Sagamores, or any of our Ancestors. Provided nevertheless that Nothing in 
this Deed be construed to Deprive us the said Sagamores Successors or People from 
improving our Antient Planting Grounds: nor from hunting in any of said Lands being 
not enclosed; Nor from Fishing for our own Provision so long as no damage shall be to the 
English fishery. Provided also that nothing herein contained shall prejudice any of the 
English Inhabitants or Planters being at present actually possessed of any part of the 
Premisses and legally deriving Right from said Mr Purchase and or Ancestors. In 
Witness whereof we the aforenamed Sagamores well understanding the Purport hereof 
do set to our hands & Seals at Pejepscott the Seventh day of July in the Thirty fifth 
Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second One thousand six 
hundred Eighty four. 



In presence of us 
John Blaney 
James Andrews 
Henry Waters 
John Parker 
George Felt 



The Mark of Warumbee 

The Mark of Darumkin 

The Mark of Wehikermett 

The Mark of Wedon Domhegon 

The Mark of Neonougassett 
The Mark of Nimbanewett 



w 


and a seal 


X 


and a seal 


(^d 


and a seal 


o 


and a seal 


^ 


and a seal 


oo 


and a seal 



Memorandum ry.^^^ ^^p^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^^^ jy^^^ withiu written Deed the several Sagamores 
whose Names are Subscribed thereto and inserted therein did at the Fort of Pejepscott 
deliver quiet and Peaceable Possession of the Premisses with Livery & Seizin to 
Mr John Blaney and his Wife. Mr John Blaney & his Wife in their own Right as she is 
administratrix to the Estate of M^" Thomas Purchase deceased; and in Right of his 
Children also the said Mi" Blaney as attorney to M^ Eleazer Way did the same day deliver 
quiet and peaceable possession with Livery & Seizin of the Premisses to M^' Richard Wharton 
the Quantity of Seven hundred Acres of Land being excepted according to a former 
Agreement 

Taken upon Oath this 19th 
Henry Waters day of July 1684 this was sworn 

John Parker to by John Parker 

Before me Edward Tyng Justice o' peace 

James Andrews aged about forty nine Years testifyeth upon Oath that he saw this 
Deed or Instrument Sealed and delivered by the six Sagamores within named to Mr Richard 
Wharton and saw John Parker and George Felt the other Witnesses subscribe as Witnesses 
as now they are on the Indorsement above. 

Sworn before me this 21 July 1684 Edward Tyng Justice 0' Peace 



60 History of Androscoggin County. 



Falmouth in Casco-bay July 21. 1684 

Waruinbee the Sagamore within named this day appeared before me and in behalf of 
himself and other Sa,t?araores that Sealed & Delivered the within written Instrument 
acknowledged the same to be his and their free and Voluntary Act & Deed 

Edward Tyng Justice 0' Peace. 

John Parker of Kennebeck aged about Fifty years deposeth that he saw this Deed 
Signed Sealed & delivered by the Several Sagamores within named And he saw possession 
together with Livery and Seizin of the Premisses as is expressed in the other indorsement 
on this Deed and in presence of the several Witnesses thereto Subscribing: And further 
the Deponent saith that upon the Eleventh of this instant month he with Mr Henry Waters 
were present and Saw Warumbee deliver Possession and Livery and Seizin by a Turf & 
Twig and Bottle of Water taken by himself of the Land and out of the main Elver above 
Androscoggin Falls to Richard Wharton in full Complyance with a Conveyance of the 
premisses within granted and Confirmd. 

Taken upon Oath the 9th of July 1684. 

Before me Edward Tyng Justice ' Peace. 

Shortly after this transfer Wharton sailed for England for the purpose of 
securing from the crown a recognition of his claim and the authority to 
establish a manor in the then " Province of Majaie." But this magnificent 
enterprise failed, Wharton having died (May, 1689,) before the proper 
authority could be obtained. 

Pejepscot Company. — Four years after the death of Wharton, administra- 
tion de bonis non on his estate was granted December 30, 1693, to Ephraira 
Savage of Boston, and four years later the Superior Court at Boston authorized 
and empowered Savage to sell the estate in order to liquidate the debts. 
Acting in accordance with the authority given him by the Court, Savage sold, 
on November 5, 1714, the whole of Wharton's claim on the Pejepscot to 
Thomas Hutchins, Adam Winthrop, John Watts, David Jefferies, Stephen 
Minot, Oliver Noyes, John Buck, and John Wenthworth, for one hundred and 
forty pounds. These persons constituted the original Pejepscot Company, 
taking the name of the river below the " Twenty-Mile Falls." In the early 
part of the next year the proprietors submitted to the General Court of 
Massachusetts Bay a series of propositions relating to their claim and its 
settlement, and on the tenth of June, 1715, the General Court passed resolu- 
tions in accordance therewitli, giving validity to their title and accepting the 
propositions submitted. By this act the Company became the undoubted 
legal owners of the land they had purchased. 

Notwithstanding this recognition of their title by the General Court, 
controversies soon arose in regard to the limits of their claim. This question 
was forced upon them by the Plymouth Company who had a patent for lands 
on the Kennebec river. The question of boundaries is most important. The 
descriptions of the old patents are very obscure and often indefinite. 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 61 

Frequently they overlap each other, and occasionally the latter completely 
covers the former one. The bounds given to Purchase and Way are explicit 
in one direction, and Purchase, in his conveyance to Massachusetts, gives the 
limits in another ; and there could be no doubt about Nicholas Shapleigh's 
claim, as it was bounded by Purchase's claim and the "sea." But that which 
occasioned the greatest controversy was the description of the Warumbee 
deed which included the above grants, but much more. The contest became 
intense, and the rival corporations pushed their claims with tireless energy. 
If the Pejepscot Company could not extend their bounds on the south and 
east beyond the limits of the grants made to Purchase and Shapleigh, they 
were undoubtedly entitled to more on the north and west. The deed covered 
"all the aforesaid lands from the uppermost part of Androscoggin Falls," four 
miles westward, and so down to Maquoit, and on the other side of the 
river from the same falls to the Kennebec, on a line running southwest and 
northeast. 

The Pejepscot proprietors, as early as February, 1758, appointed a 
committee to carry into execution the "divisional line," who reported four 
years later " that they had exchanged proposals with the Plymouth Company " 
for the purpose of establishing the line between these conflicting claims ; but 
the committee could not agree "where to fix the mouth of said Cathance 
river." In 1766 a settlement was made which recognized the southern line of 
Bowdoinham and the Kennebec river as the "divisional line" between the rival 
companies. The northern line was, however, unsettled. The Massachusetts 
Legislature, March 8, 1787, passed a resolution which declared: "That the 
Twenty Miles Falls, so called, in Androscor/f/in river, being about twenty miles 
from Brvnsu'ick Great Falls, should be called the U[>permost Great Falls in 
Androscoi/f/hi river, referred to in the deed from Warumbee and five other 
Indian Sagamores, confirming the right of Richard Wharton and Thomas 
Purchase, executed July seventh, in the year of our Lord 1684, in the 
thirty -fifth year of the reign of King Charles the second." 

" And it is further Resolved, as the boundries of the Pejepscut Company 
so called, have not been ascertained, that the committee on the subject of 
unappropriated lands in the counties of Lincoln and Cumberland, be, and 
they are hereby directed not to locate or dispose of any lands lying upon 
Androscoggin river, and between said river and lands claimed by the 
Plymouth Company to the southward of the south line of Bakerstown [now 
Poland] bounded at the said Great Fall in Androscoggin river aforesaid, on 
the west and south line of Port Royal [now Livermore] on the east of said 
Andro seo<j<i in river." 

These boundaries were not satisfactory to the proprietors and they refused 
to recognize them. In order to settle these disputes the General Court, March 
21, 1793, passed the following resolve : 



62 History of Androscoggin County. 



Whereas There is reason to beheve that certain persons under the denomination of the 
Pejepscot Proprietors have unlawfully entered on the lands of this commonwealth lying 
on both sides of Androscoggin river, in the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln, claiming 
the same under the pretence of title, which has rendered it expedient to have the limits of 
their claim settled by judicial proceedings: Therefore, Resolved, That the attorney 
general be, and he is hereby directed to commence and prosecute action or actions, process 
or processes, according to the laws of this commonwealth, in order to remove intruders, 
and to cause the commonwealth to be quieted in the possession of the lands thereof, on 
both sides of the said Androscoggin river, above and northerly of a southwest line drawn on 
the westerly side of the said river, from the uppermost part of the upper falls in the town 
of Brunswick; and on the east side of the said river, northwardly of a northeast line drawn 
from the said river, five miles above the said uppermost falls in the town of Brunswick, 
extending up the said river to the limits of this commonwealth and holding the breadth of 
four miles on the west side of said river, and extending to the lands belonging to the 
Plymouth company, and Kennebec river, on the east side of said river; provided that no 
suit or process shall be brought against any person within the limits of the tract before 
described, holding under a grant from this government, or by a title confirmed by this 
government. And it is further resolved, that the attorney general be and he is hereby 
empowered, at the expense of the commonwealth, to obtain such assistance in the 
prosecution of such suits as he may judge necessary. 

This action of the General Court was unquestionably for the purpose of 
compelling the Pejejjscot proprietors to agree upon some terms in relation to 
the limits of their claim. The settlers were importuning the General Court 
for relief from the exactions of tlie proprietors. The settlers were of the 
opinion that the lands they occupied were government property, and the 
Pejepscot proprietors were equally sure of their right to the premises. Many 
of these settlers had bought their farms of former occupants and supposed 
their titles were valid, but in numerous cases they were obliged to pay the 
Pejepscot proprietors, or surrender their lands. But the determined purpose 
on the })art of the proprietors not to accede to the decision of the General 
Court only exasperated the settlers, and they gave expression to their 
indignation, in many cases, by acts -of violence. Disguised as Indians, they 
often made personal attacks on the proprietors, and frequently destroyed their 
property. These manifestations of violence culminated in a riot in Lewiston 
in the autumn of 1800, and on other occasions Colonel Josiah Little, who 
succeeded the Pejepscot i)roprietors in the ownership of the land in Lewiston 
and adjoining towns, came near losing his life. 

In 1798 Colonel Josiah Little, one of the company, who had been elected 
agent of the proprietors, petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts, 
asking them to empower the Attorney-General to enter into a rule of the 
Supreme Judicial Court all the controversies and disputes existing between 
the Commonwealth and the Pejepscot proprietors. The General Court readily 
acceded to this petition and authorized the attorney-general, Hon. James 



Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 63 



Sullivan, to enter into a rule of the Supreme Judicial Court of the County 
of Lincoln all questions of dispute between the Commonwealth and the 
proprietors. By the terms of the resolve Mr Sullivan was to appoint 
the commissioners (subject to the approval of Colonel Little) to whom "any 
or all" the controversies in dispute were to be submitted. It was also 
stipulated that as there liad been " disputes and controversies " between the 
proprietors and many of the persons who had settled within the limits of the 
Pejepscot claim, that some equitable mode should be provided for adjusting 
the claims. The conditions imposed by the General Court were that these 
settlers should have one hundred acres of land so laid out as best to include 
the improvements made by them, and for such sums of money and on such 
terms and conditions as the commissioners should judge reasonable. The 
expense of the commission "to be paid by the proprietors and settlers in 
equal halves." 

Mr Sullivan informed the General Court the next year that he had agreed 
to submit to Levi Lincoln, Samuel Dexter, Jr, and Thomas Dwight, the 
disputes between the Commonwealth and the Pejepscot proprietors, and asked 
for an appropriation to defray the expenses of the commission, and the General 
Court appropriated one thousand dollars for that purpose. The commissioners 
made their award February, 1800, which was substantially that affirmed by the 
General Court in 1787. This award was not satisfactorj^ to the proprietors 
who claimed that the Uppermost Falls, mentioned in the Warumbee deed, were 
not the Twenty-Mile Falls, but those now known as Rumford Falls. This 
claim was groundless and the boundaries were hnally established about 1814, 
by decisions in the courts of Cumberland and Lincoln counties, on the basis 
of the award of 1800. As finally settled the territory embraced Topsham, a 
part of Lisbon, all of Lewiston and Greene, three-fourths of Leeds, all of 
Brunswick, nearly all of Durham, most of Auburn, and a part of Poland. 

The disputes between the company and the settlers were adjusted according 
to the award made by the commissioners, Nathaniel Dumraer, Ichabod Goodwin, 
and John Lord, appointed by the governor, who made the assignments and 
prescribed the terms and conditions of payment. About twenty thousand acres 
of land were conveyed to the settlers by virtue of the conditions stipulated. 
Thus ended a controversy which had continued for nearly a century, and been 
participated in by more than three generations. None of the parties were 
satisfied, but it gave substantial rest to those who for a long time held their 
homes by doubtful titles. 



64 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER Vn. 

EARLY SETTLEMENTS, PROGRESS AND CHANGES. 

Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley — After the Revolution — Population from 
1780 to 1800 — Commencement of the Nineteenth Century — Et!ects of the War of 1812 — 
Severity of CHmate — The Cold Year— Improvement in Condition —Changes and Progress 
in Agriculture — Development and Transition — Manufacturing. 

IN THE last decade of the seventeenth century settlements were undertaken 
on both sides of the Androscoggin at Pejepscot Lower Falls by gentlemen 
of energ}^ and means, but fears of impending Indian warfare prevented 
great advancement. Fort George was built here in 1715 where a small fort 
of early days had gone to ruin, but in 1718 there were no established homes in 
Brunswick but those inside the walls of the fort, and in the block house at 
Maquoit Bay, where Lieutenant Woodside kept a guard to protect the lauding 
of stores and the road to the fort. In 1722 Brunswick was burned by the 
Indians who had destroyed three families in Topsham in 1716. After the war 
closed Fort George was rebuilt (1727) and again became the nucleus of a 
settlement. In 1730 the garrison was so large that a chaplain was stationed 
here. It was here that Sabattus, sagamore of the Anasagunticooks, requested 
tlie government to keep stores whence his people could be supplied in times of 
need. Still civilization was kept back by fear of the Indians. Brunswick, 
from the protection of the fort and soldiers, advanced the most, and was 
incorporated in 1738, twenty-nine of the citizens signing the petition. About 
forty families were then living in town. Topsham as late as 1750 had but 
eighteen families, and in 1764 Brunswick had a population of 308. 

The financial condition of the United States at the close of the Revolution 
was very poor. An enormous debt in the shape of the large issues of pa|)er 
money which the exigencies of the war had brought into being was in the 
hands of the people demanding payment, and there was no means of payment. 
The soldiers had been paid with it, and, on account of its great depreciation, 
"a bushel of it would not buy a breakfast." The only means of giving an 
equivalent was in tlie unappropriated lands in the several commonwealths. 
Massachusetts had plenty of wild land in the District of Maine, and to her 
unemployed citizens who had served in the army was given the opportunity of 
settling on "states land" where they could develop homes for their families 
and give in payment at face value the colonial scrip otherwise valueless. From 



Early Settlements, Progress and Changes. 65 



this offer arose a great emigration to Maine, and the Valley of the Androscoggin 
received its share. Although in many of the towns or settlements the claim 
of the state to the lands was opposed by that of the Pejepscot proprietors, still 
many had no faith that a conveyance made by wandering Indians could hold 
against the civilized claims of Massachusetts, and, pleased with the country, 
became settlers, and even where the disputed territory became the property of 
tlie Pejepscot proprietors, in numerous cases made their permanent homes. 
So in the history of every town we find its beginnings of civilization made by 
Massachusetts men, and the rolls of the settlers sound like the poll lists of Old 
Colony and Massachusetts Colony towns. 

In 1784 there were thirty families living in Turner (increased to 349 
population in 1790, and 722 in 1800). The settlement in Greene, begun before 
the Revolution, numbered nearly five hundred people at its incorporation in 
1788, and in 1796 a post-office was established. Royalsborough had been 
settled rapidly from 1760, and when incorporated as Durham in 1789 was a 
prosperous community. Poland had 1,400 inhabitants at its incorporation in 
1794. Lewiston in 1790 had 532 residents, while at the settlement of Port 
Royal, later Livermore, about 400 people were living (increased to 863 in 
1800). Thompsonborough (Lisbon) became a town in 1799. Littleborough 
(Leeds) and Pejepscot (Danville) had thriving communities. 

The nineteenth century opened with prosperity prevailing here. The 
critical and dependent period of struggling for homes among the forests during 
the pioneer stage had passed away. Comfortable farms of productive new 
soil had begun to be remunerative, while a steady immigration flowed hither 
from the old towns of Massachusetts and the Maine coast. The lumber and 
fur trades were valuable and largely extended, and a wise legislature had taken 
measures to prevent the extermination of deer and fur-bearing animals. As 
early as 1784 an act was passed making it a penal offense to cut one of the 
primitive growth of white pine upon the public land, thus following the laws 
enacted under William and Mary and Georges I and II, and regulations were 
made for the maintenance of a standard quality of lumber, pot and pearl 
ashes, etc., which gave an added value to these productions of a new country. 
There was, however, little money in circulation and heavy taxes pressed heavily 
upon the people whose commodities brought returns in barter rather than 
money. The cotton and linen goods used were largely, if not wholly, the 
production of the mothers and daughters at the home fireside, while the 
tanned hides of the deer, moose, etc., formed an important factor in making 
the clothing of the men. Industry, temperance, and economy were cardinal 
principles of this generation, and there was an uncommon increase in the value 
of lands and in their improvement. Williamson justly says: — 

To clear the woodlands of their rugged incumbrances, and render them smooth for the 
plough and the scythe and fit for human habitaucy, required a fortitude and persevering 



66 History of Androscoggin County. 



industry which are never permitted to abate. The first settlers possessed these qualities 
in an eminent degree. Nor were their felicities all in prospect. Rough as the log house 
may appear to the eye of luxury— it was usually the sanctuary of virtue, of health, of 
character, and the birthplace of many such as the world calls great. Even the merest 
wood-cutter amidst his solitude breathes a nectarine atmosphere and exults in his freedom 
as he sees field added to field and "cottage after cottage rise," until the wilderness changes 
and brightens into towns, the products of honest adventure and productive toil — the 
prospective dwelling places of posterity in successive generations. 

Up to the breaking out of the War of 1812 the settlements flourished. 
The coasting vessels brought articles of necessity that were easily and cheaply 
obtained by the people and many of their products were sold at remunerative 
prices. With the War came hard times. The force of the embargo was heavily 
felt. A stagnation occurred in all business. The coasting trade was at an end. 
No markets could be had for home products and the articles of necessity so 
common and cheap before the War were hardly to be procured, and then only 
at enormous prices. Emigration took many to the new lands of the West. 
The deprivations caused by the cold seasons of 1815, 1816, and 1817 added to 
the gloom and discontent. Many people sold their homes for a tithe of their 
value to go to more promising lands. Small grain of all kinds was very scarce. 
The poorer settlers had much difficulty to get seed, and how to obtain bread 
was an unsolved and often an unsolvable problem. 

From the first the settlers had grave trials and unlooked-for calamities. In 
1785 there was a remarkable freshet which carried off all of their bridges and 
was unprecedented for height. The year 1791 was marked by a great incursion 
of grasshoppers; they ate the corn and potatoes to the ground, and in many 
fields not one bushel of potatoes was raised. By 1802 crows were so numerous 
and destructive that one of the first acts of the new town of Minot was to 
vote a bounty of twelve and a half cents for each head. In 1815 winter 
continued through the spring months, snow falling in the middle of May from 
twelve to eighteen inches in depth. December was very cold. January, 1816, 
was extremely mild. February, mild, with a few cold days. March, first half 
cold and boisterous, last half mild. April commenced warm, but growing 
steadily colder was like winter when it closed. May was cold; corn was killed, 
replanted and again killed; buds and fruits were frozen; ice formed half an 
inch thick. June was still colder than May. Snow fell to the depth of ten 
inches, nearly every green plant was killed, and fruit was everywhere blighted,' 
July was a winter montli with snow and ice. Corn, except on some hill farms 
and in some extremely warm locations, was entirely killed. August was cold, 
ice forming half an inch thick. The corn and green plants the previous months 
liad spared were frozen. September, after the first two weeks, which were 

iRcv. Ransom Dunham, of Paris, as quoted by Dr Lapham in " History of Norway," says: "In 
18U), June 7th, snow fell two inches. I redo from Hebron to Livermore on horseback and came 
near freezing. It was so cold that it killed the birds. English robins were frozen to death." 



Eaely Settlements, Progress and Changes. 67 

warm, was cold and frosty. October was colder than usual, with much ice and 
frost. November was cold, with sleighing. December was pleasant. The corn 
of 1815 sold for seed in 1817, bringing from $2 to 13 a bushel; wheat was 
worth as much. This year was a cold and frosty one; all crops were seriously 
injured, corn nearly ruined. Flour brought from eight to ten cents a pound; 
corn could not be bought after the spring-time. 

The fall of 1817 was the commencement of better days. The crops were 
bounteous. Those who had not migrated tarried, and set themselves to draw 
support from the soil and were successful. Uncommon efforts were now put 
forth throughout the state to promote agriculture, and in 1818 an agricultural 
society was organized "to cultivate enterprise and improvements in farming, 
horticulture, and stock raising." Prosperity again returned, and the Andros- 
coggin towns grew in strength and wealth until the coming of the financial 
depressions which culminated in the panic of 1837.^ After slowly recovering 
from these hard times, agriculture was a profitable employment for many years, 
yet its character was steadily changing. The wheat crop, once an extensive 
one, was limited about 1840 by the attacks of the weevil, yet up to 1850 
enough was raised to provide flour for home use. The culture of flax and the 
home manufacture of cloth was discontinued after 1840 with the buildinsf of 
woolen mills that made satinets and exchanged them for wool. This gave an 
impetus to sheep raising. Before this time sheep were only raised to produce 
the small amount of wool needed for domestic use and occasionally a little 
mutton. Roast lamb was always in order at " huskings." The greatest number 
of sheep was raised from 1835 to 1850, and in the last decade of that period 
many importations of merinos were made and the quality greatly improved. 
Since the civil war but few sheep have been raised. Indian corn was an 
extensive crop fifty years ago and its yield to the acre was but little short of 
that of tlie prairies. But a small amount is now grown. With the establish- 
ment of canning factories in the last few years the culture of sweet corn has 
been entered upon to quite an extent. From the first settlement every farmer 
had his orchard, not as a source of revenue but of home comfort and social 
enjoyment. The evening caller and day visitor was regaled with apples and 
cider, and cider mills were in operation during the fall in every section of 

1 The Aroostook or Madawaska War, in 1839, claimed national attention, and arose from tlie dispute 
about the northeastern boundary. New Brunswick and the United States claiming the same territory. 
In 1839 a party from New Brunswick captured Rufus Mclntire, a land agent of Maine, near M.adawaska 
settlement, and took him to Frederioton. Considering this an usurpation and an invasion of Maine, 
Governor Fairfield called out the militia and actual warfare seemed imminent. General Hodsdon was 
made commander, and rendezvoused the troops at Bangor and Augusta. General Winfield Scott came 
to Maine as the military representative of the United States, and sent a demand to the provincial 
government for the release of Mclntire. The demand was complied with and the state troops 
disbanded. All anxiety concerning further trouble was removed by the Webster-Ashburton treaty in 
1842, which defined the boundary. The militia of the Androscoggin County towns was engaged in 
this incipient war, and old settlers yet tell of the excitement and deprivation of their camp life on the 
road and at Augusta. 



68 History of Androscoggin County. 

the settlements. When the making of cider was forbidden orchards were 
neglected and many trees were cut down. About 1870 a foreign demand and 
market were created for American apples, and from that time great attention 
has been paid to orcharding, and with profit. Greene and Turner find here a 
rich source of income, as Maine apples bring highest prices. 

The raising of cattle was made a specialty about 1870, and from 1875 to 
1880 great improvement was made by the bringing in of Durham, Hereford, 
Jersey, and Holstein stock, and to-day these breeds prevail in the stock 
of the county. The breeding of fine horses, now so extensively and profit- 
ably carried on, was commenced somewhat later. Many have valuable farms 
devoted to this, and nearly every farmer has some colt that promises speed 
and a high price. The growth of Lewiston and Auburn has caused market 
gardening to be taken up by many within a short distance of the cities and 
the growing of small fruits is also a profitable business. Creameries and 
butter factories have been recently established in various places and have 
yielded fine returns. In 1874 the Grange was established here and has worked 
with perceptible good among the farmers, and while those who cling to the 
methods of farming in vogue forty years ago complain that there is no " money 
in farming," those who have kept in touch with the changing conditions of 
the country and adapted their agriculture to the new demands arising, and 
who have given energy and capital to the production of a proper supply realize 
that farming will pay in Androscoggin county. The canning factories are 
having a marked influence upon the new agriculture. The corn canned is 
"sweet corn." As an illustration of their effect we clip this item from a 
Lewiston Journal of March, 1891: — 

The manageraeut of the United Packers canniof;- factory in Auburn paid out $12,000 
last season for goods and for help. As will be seen the industry is one of considerable 
importance to Auburn and surrounding towns. Last season an unusually large business 
was done at this factory, but the prospects are that this season they will do a still greater 
business. As is known they commenced operations last season in the early fall, continuing 
it into the winter to a considerable extent. On a conservative estimate their total pack 
was as follows: corn, 5,000 cases; pears, 500 cases; plums, 200 cases; api)les, 10,000 
bushels; lima beans, 6 tons, besides a large quantity of other kinds of beans, and quantities 
of pumpkin and squash. With the exception of corn the farmers were paid the cash on 
delivery of goods; the corn was paid for by checks later on, as is the usual custom. Last 
year they paid three cents for every twenty-six ounces of corn ; this year they are engaging 
acreage at three and one-fourth cents for twenty-six ounces. This is an advance of 
one-fourth of a cent over last year, an advance asked by the farmers of the canning 
concerns hereabouts not so long since. The United Packers will pack the same kind of 
goods at their Auburn factory as last season and will pay the market price for everything 
they buy. They will put up more corn and of everything than last season. 

Agriculture was superseded by manufacturing as a business factor by the 
development of the magnificent water-power of Lewiston, the growth of the 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 69 



shoe industry of Auburn, and the establishment of the pulp and paper mills 
at Mechanic Falls, Livermore, and Lisbon, and the wealth derived from 
agriculture now forms but a small fraction of that produced by the diversified 
manufactories within the limits of the county. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

THE BIRDS OF ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY. 

By Herbert E. Walter. 

Notes on the Perching Birds of Androscoggin county, supplemented by a Catalogue 
of Other Species, excluding the shore and water birds, also identified in the county. 



Introductory Note. — It is a pleasant office to turn the eyes of busy mankind from 
the dusty turmoil of the work-a-day world to the green fields, the fragrant coolness of the 
woods, and our friends in feathers which dwell there. Even during the blustering, snow- 
bound period of our Maine winter the birds do not entirely forsake us, but it is especially 
in the spring and summer that they bring us their offering of song and sunshine. By the 
last of March the pageant begins with the arrival of the robins, bluebirds, and song 
sparrows, and soon the highways of the air are thronged with the little travelers, and not 
until the last of May, when the plaintive notes of that frowsy-headed procrastinator, the 
wood-pewee, are heard, does the winged stream from the south cease. Nothing is more 
fascinating when once begun, or more health-giving, mentally, morally, and physically, 
than to study these wonderful creatures of the earth and air, and if a greater sympathy 
than has hitherto existed between some reader of these notes and God's feathered helpers, 
becomes aroused, the object of writing them will have been attained. The endeavor has 
been to give such points as shall enable an observer to identify the bird as seen alive in the 
open air of the fields and forests, for the needless shooting of birds should be severely 
condemned. In compiling the following notes I am indebted to the well-known works of 
Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway; Cones; Samuels; Stearns; Brown; Minot and Oliver Davie; to 
which I have continually been obliged to turn in order to supplement my own scanty notes, 
and I am especially under obligation to Professor J. Y. Stanton, not only for much valuable 
assistance which he has generously given me in preparing this article, but also for inspiring 
within nie a love for the birds. • g j^ -^ 

THE Passeres, or Perchers, including one-third of all our birds, are divided 
into two sub-orders. The Oscines, or singers, constitute the first sixteen 
families, and the single family of the Tyrannidre, or fly-catchers, makes up 
the second sub-order of Clamatores, or non-singers. The nomenclature of the 
American Ornithological Union is used in this article. 



70 History of Androscoggin County. 



First Sub-order— OSCINES. First Family — Turdidae. 

The tlirush family occurs everywhere, except in Australia, and includes the 
highest singers. Although twenty-two thrushes are catalogued for the United 
States, only five have been seen in this county. Their special mission seems 
to be to rid the surface of the ground of noxious insects. Singing at the close 
of day seems to be a family characteristic. 

1. WILSON'S THRUSH. Turdus fuscesoens. Stephens. 

This is the "veery," and he holds an enviable position among our singers. 
His back is colored throughout a reddish-brown, and his breast, instead of 
being mottled like the hermit's, presents a faded appearance. They often sing 
their low, flute-like song in concert. Arriving here the last of April, the 
retrograde migration begins the last of August, and by the middle of September 
hardly a straggler is left. 

2. BICKNELL'S THRUSH. Turdus alici/E bicknelli. Ri(l(iway. 

Olive back and gray cheeks. They rear their young well up towards the 
sunnnit of Mount Washington, and probably pass through Androscoggin 
county, though I am not aware that it has ever been seen here. 
:3. OLIVE-HACKED THRUSH. Turdus usi'ulatus swainsonii. Cahanis. 

Uniformly olive from head to tail, with spotted breast. He is sometimes 
seen in this county on his migration during May. With us he only utters a 
sharp, harsh call-note, but after he reaches his northern home and begins 
housekeeping, he vindicates his right to belong to a musical family. 
4. HERMIT THRUSH. Turdus aonalaschk^^ pallasii. Cahanis. 

Like Jennie Lind, here is a "natural-born singer," by many' regarded as 
entirely without a rival among our feathered vocalists. He is a shy bird as his 
name suggests, and his plumage accords with the dry leaves and twigs of early 
spring, but his song is divine in its sweetness and plaintive melody. It is 
heard in out-of-the-way thicket places, flute-like, clear and woodsy, just at 
night-fall and in early morning. They arrive by the middle of April, but soon 
become rare in comparison to Wilson's, which follows soon after. They 
usually rear two broods. 

.5. AMERICAN ROBIN. Merula mioratoria. Linnaus. 

Tlie pilgrims at Plymouth, worn out and discouraged by that first long, 
dreary winter on our "rock-bound coast," hailed with joy, when spring came at 
last, this cheerful thrush so familiar to us all. In their homesickness they 
christened him the robin, althougli no ties of relationship bind him to his 
English namesake. He is the pioneer of the spring, being, with the bluebird, 
the earliest to arrive from the south. Sometimes a stracrgler remains all 
winter, finding shelter low down in the thick bushes of a swamp. They rear 
their young everywhere excej)t in the grass or on the ground, and usually have 
two or three broods during the season. Young robins are very voracious, and 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 71 

while attaining their majority keep their industrious parents at work from 
morning till night to supply them with insect food. Mr William Brewster, 
in The Auk for October, 1890, brings to our notice one peculiar habit of the 
robins that has escaped the notice of even the ornithologists until recently. 
The male robins do not remain over night in the vicinity of the nest, but at 
night-fall fly off to a "roost" together in some dense grove of trees, congre- 
gating there night after night in great numbers. This habit, so far as has 
been observed,' is peculiar to the robin. 

6. BLUEBIRD. Sialia sialis. Linn/nts. 

"Skj'-'tinged above, earth-tinged below." Coming from the south with the 
robin the last of March, the bluebird is among the first of our migrants. Soon 
after their arrival they retire to the woods, usually building a coarse nest 
in stumps or deserted woodpeckers' holes. Their warbling call-note is some- 
times mistaken for that of the robin, which it resembles. 

Second Family — Sylviidse. 

7. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus satrapa. Lichtensfcin. 

The males have an olive-green back and an orange-red, yellow-margined 
crown, while the crowns of the females are entirely yellow. Length about 
four inches. The weiglit of this tiny bird is only one-sixth of an ounce, yet 
he is with us from about the first of October until the middle of April, 
evidently enjoying our winter weather. They breed in the northern part of 
Maine, and one nest has been identified by Dr Brewer as far south as Bangor. 
They are very social, and are usually seen flying restlessly about among the 
bare twigs, after insects and their larvae, in company with nuthatches and 
chickadees. Their note while with us consists of three or four lisps, zee-zee-zee, 
given in quick succession. 

8. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus calendula. Linmeus. 

The mature male has a scarlet patch on his head ; the female none. 
Rearing its young in Nova Scotia, this bird is with us only for two or three 
weeks from the middle of April, but he makes his stay memorable by his 
spirited singing, which is quite remarkable for so small a musician. The song 
is very difficult of description, but once heard will never be forgotten. In 
habits the ruby-crowned are similar to the golden-crowned. 

Third Family— Paridse. 

9. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis. Latham. 

Ashy blue above and dirty white beneath, with a black cap and neck and 
white cheeks. The nuthatches have long bills and go up trees like the wood- 
peckers, except their tails are too short for bracing. This deficiency is more 
than made good, however, by their sharp claws. They stay throughout the 
year, nesting in hollow trees. Their note is a peculiar nasal cark, repeated 



72 History of Androscoggin County. 



rapidly at intervals. They also have a sibilant note, uttered while searching 
the bark of trees for insects. Length, six inches. 

10. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCB. Sitta canadensis. Linnmis. 

Back slaty; under parts a brownish rusty red. A black line, beneath a 
white line, runs through each eye. In shape and habits similar to No. 9, 
excepting that they remain here very rarely throughout the summer. A pair 
nested in a hollow tree near Lewiston in the summer of 1890. The hole of 
the nest is usually smeared with pitch. Some say in explanation that this is 
to catch insects, and others say that, with more than human thoughtfulness, 
they wipe their pitch-besmeared feet at the entrance of the nest whenever they 
return from foraging excursions up and down the trunks and limbs of pine 
trees. They usually arrive from the north the third week in August and 
remain until the first of April. 

11. CHICKADEE. Parus atricapillus. Linmrus. 

This is the bird that is happy and cheerful with us all the year around and 
familiar enough to be a living example to every one. He has two songs, the 
one, chick-a-dee-dee, and the other, given only rarely, a flute-like pt'-wee-wee. 
Like the nuthatches and kinglets they are always busy, searching out with 
never-failing eye the insects and the eggs and pupte of insects that infest trees 
and bushes. They build in hollow trees and rear large families, usually seven. 

12. HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE. Pards hudsoniccts. Forster. 

This rare visitor has a brown cap and is slightly smaller than his more 
familiar cousin, whom he resembles in habits and disposition. They breed in 
Labrador and the Hudson Bay region and very rarely in the winter come as 
far south as Androscoggin count3^ The writer took a specimen near Lewiston, 
February 5, 1890, and a second May 5th of the same year, and three other 
stragglers were taken iu this locality during that season, with these excep- 
tions, so far as I am informed, the bird has not been seen within the county 
for several years. They fly in company with the other chickadees. 

Fourth Family — Certhiidae. 

13. BROWN CREEPER. Certhia familtaris Americana. Bonaparte. 

Upper parts dark brown, streaked with ashy white, with a curved bill as 
long as the head. This is the only genus of the family in America. He 
remains in this county throughout the year, although seen less frequently dur- 
ing the summer months. The nest was not found for years, but finally it was 
discovered that it built iu the bark-pockets formed by the loosening of the 
bark from the wood of balsam firs growing in swampy places. He climbs 
trees like the woodpecker, bracing with his tail, and is often seen ascending 
and descending trees in spirals. His usual note is only a sibilant lisp which 
has been represented hy the syllables cre-e, cre-e^ cre-e-ep. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 73 

Fifth Family— Troglodytidse. 

14. CATBIRD. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Linmeus. 

This is the " Maine mocking-bird." A black-capped, dark slate individual, 
with the versatility and nonchalance of a Yankee. He arrives early in May 
and chooses some exposed place a few feet from the ground, like a clump of 
bushes, in which to build his nest of bark, sticks, and leaves. The finishing 
touch of his architecture is usually weaving into his nest a discarded snake 
skin. Besides mewing like a cat, whence his name, he has at his command 
quite an extensive repertoire that he has picked up from his neighbors. 
Mr John Burroughs says of him: "He is a good versifier, but not a great 
poet." His food is almost exclusivel}^ the larvae of insects, and so, notwith- 
standing he is Paul-Pry-on-wings and makes havoc with fruit, he is a valuable 
friend of the farmer, after all. The eggs, usually four, are the darkest of all 
our blue eggs and are unspotted. 

15. BROWN THRASHER. Harporhtnchus rufus. Linncp.us. 

Upper parts a rich, rusty red. Under parts white, brown tinged with an 
unspotted throat bordered by a necklace of spots. This delightful songster 
resembles in habits the catbird, although he is not so curious and is less 
familiar with mankind. His song, consisting of from eighteen to twenty-two 
different strains, is more original and can be heard at a greater distance. 
They come north in pairs the first week in May and return the first of October. 
The nest, similar to that of the catbird, is built on the ground or low down in 
bushes or trees. Length, eleven inches. 

16. HOUSE WREN. Troglodytes aedon. VieUlot. 

This bird is variable in its habitat and has almost deserted some towns 
where it was formerly abundant. With a tail turning up like the nose of a 
typical Hibernian, this pugnacious little fellow has rights of his own which he 
proposes to defend. Often they are not content with their own rights alone. 
For instance, they have been known to drive bluebirds and purple martins 
from their nests, which they have afterwards appropriated for themselves. 
Familiar and fearless with man they usually build in hollow trees or post-holes, 
and even in boxes, etc., near houses, always filling up the hole, however large 
it may be, in which they locate their nest. They utter hoarse, chattering notes 
as well as a hearty, trilling song. Length, under five inches. 
\7. WINTER WREN. Troglodytes hyemalts. VieUlot. 

This pert, inquisitive, sly busy-body comes to us the last of April, and 
again, on the retrograde migration, about the middle of September, tarrying a 
little longer in the autumn than in the spring. Occasionally he remains all 
winter. He is usually to be seen, hopping in and out of brush-heaps, on low, 
moist ground, and is as difficult of location as the Irishman's flea. He has a 
gushing, lyrical song that is very sweet and quite prolonged. It is remarkably 
loud and is so spontaneous that it seems to have escaped in spite of the singer. 



74 History of Androscoggin County. 



His tail is more than erect and quite short, giving him an air of jauntiness 
that is not e(inaled by any of our other birds. Length, four inches. 

Sixth Family — Motacillidae. 

18. AMERICAN PIPIT. Anthus pensilvanicus. Latham. 

Upper parts olive brown, showing in flight two white tail-feathers. Dr 
Coues says of them: "Voice querulous, gait tremulous, and flight vacillating." 
They are walkers and are never still, but, like the water thrush, seem to be 
afflicted with the St Vitus' dance, especially in their tails. They rear their 
young in Labrador, going north by one course and returning by another, 
passing through this county only in the fall. 

Seventh Family — Mniotiltidae. 

The warblers are the real woodbirds and are the second largest North 
American family, having wide range in habit and song. All are small, migra- 
tory and insectivorous. AH confined to America. 

19. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER. Mniotilta varia. Linnmis. 

More like a nuthatch than a creeper or warbler, this bird, from the last of 
April until the middle of October, is commonly seen in woodlands, thickets, 
and swamps, gracefully searching up and down the trunks and larger branches 
of trees for his insect food. He is often so absorbed in his work as to entirely 
ignore the presence of spectators. By some he is called " saw-your-leg-qff," 
from his song, which strikingly resembles the noise made by a fine saw. 

20. NASBVILLE WARBLER. Helminthophila rdficapilla. Wilson. 

Upper parts olive green. Under parts a rich, clear yellow at all seasons. 
Cheeks and shoulders gray and a reddish-brown cap characterize this bird. 
Arriving the first of May, comparatively silent and songless, they proceed to 
build on the ground a nest, which, by the way, is very large for so small tenants 
as themselves, of leaves, bark, and pine needles, sometimes lining it with horse- 
hair. The song, which is weak but interesting, consists of repetitions of single 
notes, the whole ending suddenly. 
2L TENNESSEE WARBLER. Helminthophila peregrina. Wilson. 

Much like the Nashville in appearance and song, except being entirely 
yellowish-gray and having no brown head. It is one of the rarest of the 
warblers that pass through the county but has been identified several times. 
A specimen was taken by Mr H. V. Neal, in Lewiston, May 1, 1888. 
22. PARULA WARBLER. Compsothlypis Americana. Linno'us. 

This bird was formerly called the "blue yellow-back," and the name gives 
an idea of its appearance. Arriving in pairs early in May, they return during 
September. They are abundant in high, open places, where they may be seen, 
nervous and active, among the terminal foliage. Mr John Burroughs speaks 
of them as the handsomest as well 'as the smallest warblers known to him. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 75 

The note is a drawling one, as if the bird had an impediment in his throat. 
The nest is often an architectural wonder, built high up in some spruce tree, 
and is the only nest in Maine built entirely of moss. 

23. CAPE MAY WARBLER. Dendroica tigrina. Gmelm. 

Upper parts yellowish-olive. Under parts yellow, black-striped. Crown 
black with cheek patch of orange brown. This rare visitant flies in company 
with the magnolia warblers, which it resembles. It does not nest in the county 
and is rarely seen here. The writer took a specimen May 7, 1890, in Lewiston. 

24. YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica -iESTiVA. &meUn. 

The male is bright yellow, striped with orange, while the female has no 
orange stripes. The "summer yellow-bird" is the commonest of all the 
warblers, coming as tlie forerunner of unfolding leaves and summer itself, they 
return soutli early, being too delicate to endure much cold weather. The 
nests are very skillfully constructed of fine strips of bark, willow catkins, etc., 
and are lined with fine grasses, feathers, and, when the little architect is 
fortunate, with cotton or wool. The vagrant cowbird often turns this nest 
into an orphan asylum by depositing her eggs therein. 

25. BLACK-TBROATED BLUE WARBLER. Dendroica cerulescens. Gmclin. 
The male above is slaty blue, below white, with a black throat and chin, 

all the colors being in masses. The female is a dull olive-green, with a 
triangular white spot at the base of the primary wing feathers. Their note is 
harsh and hoarse. They arrive the first of May and call again the last of 
September on their return south. At each period they tarry only for about 
i two weeks. I am not aware that their nest has been found within Andros- 
coggin county, the White Mountains being one of their usual nesting places. 

26. MYRTLE WARBLER. Dendroica coronata. LinnrBus. 

Marked by a white throat and four sharp yellow spots, one each on the 
I head, rump, and each side of the breast. This warbler passes through the 
county on both migrations, the last of April and earl}^ in September, usually 
in company with other birds, and in quite large numbers during the passage. 
Their note, which is not very noticeable, may be represented by the syllables 
zillet, zillet, repeated very rapidly. 

27. MAGNOLIA WARBLER. Dendroica maculosa. Gmelin. 

A slate-colored head with black eye-stripes and a yellow throat. Black 
spots and stripes on the chest. A dainty bird and quite a common summer 
resident, arriving about May 6th and remaining well into September. 

28. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. Dendroica pensylvanica. Linnrcus. 
Whole crown pure yellow and entirely white beneath, with chestnut stripes 

down each side. A beautiful bird, coming early in May and remaining during 
the season. They are more conspicuous during the migrations, for they scatter 
to low, wild, swampy localities during the summer months in order to build, 
in low saplings, shrubs, or bushes, their nests of dried grass and thin strips of 



76 History of Androscoggin County. 



bark. Their song, tirelessly repeated at short intervals while searching the 
leaves and twigs for insects, is something like the syllables whish-whlsh-whish- 
wMshea. 

29. BAY-BREASTED WARBLER. Dendroica castanea. Wilson. 

Bay on breast and back of head. Black on forehead and sides of head. 
This is one of the rarer warblers breeding in northern Maine, especially in the 
vicinity of Urabagog. It is sometimes seen here dnring its migratory passage. 
The writer took one May 17, 1890, while it was sluggishly feeding among the 
lower branches in a pine grove near the city of Lewiston. 

30. BLACK-POLL WARBLER. Dendroica striata. Forster. 

Upper parts grayish olive-green, heavily streaked with black. Black cap. 
Under parts pure white. When this straggler reaches us, usually about the 
21st of May, we may know that summer has begun in good earnest, for he is 
the last of the warblers to arrive. Although he is so tardy in reaching us, he 
goes still farther north to rest. His retrograde migration begins- by the middle 
of September and continues into October. He is active and restless, and, in 
addition to his other accomplishments, is something of a fly-catcher. 

81. BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. Dendroica blackburni^. Gmelin. 

A brilliant flame-colored throat makes this bird unmistakable. Dr Cones 
says of it : " There is nothing to compare with the exquisite hue of this 
Promethean torch." He is shy, keeping well in the tree-tops of mixed wood- 
lands, and is somewhat rare. They arrive in Androscoggin county as early as 
the first week in May, and the return begins early in September. They nest 
low among the bushes. 

32. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. Dendroica virens. Gmelin. 
Back yellowish-olive. Chin, throat, and breast black. Cheeks yellow. 

This warbler is next in abundance to the yellow warbler, especially in the 
vicinity of pineries, for they nest in the forks of pine trees. They come early 
in May and prefer the foliage of the high trees for their hunting-grounds. 
Their peculiar song, something like fe-te-tc-te-fa-fe, with the next to the last 
syllable dropped in i)itch, can be easily distinguished in tlie jargon of warblers 
songs. 

33. PINE WARBLER. Dendroica vigor.sii. Audubon. 

Dull yellow breast without distinct markings, and often called the "pine 
creeper," from his habits. He is among the first to leave the south for our 
fragrant pine forests, where his delicate, high-pitched trill is repeatedly heard, 
and he does not return until about the second week of October. They nest 
very liigh, sometimes even seventy feet from the ground, and when not 
breeding are often gregarious, traveling with other birds. In summer they 
feed on the larvse and eggs of insects, but in the winter supplement their bill 
of fare with such small fruits as they can find south. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 77 

34. YELLOW PALM WARBLER. Dendroica palmarum hypochrtsea. Bidgwai/. 
Yellow breast and reddish crown. This is the first warbler to arrive, 

coming often by the middle of April and returning in the latter part of 
October after all the others, with the possible exception of the myrtle, have 
taken passage. On each migration they linger in this county about a month. 
The}^ have the noticeable peculiarity of jerking their tails, and are more often 
seen on swampy ground than in high, dry places. The only member of the 
Dendroecce to build on the ground, and remarkable also for nesting nowhere in 
the United States except in northern Maine. 

35. OVEN-BIRD. Seiurus aurocapillus. Linnreus. 

Yellow crown, with breast distinctly marked black and white. This 
summer resident receives his common name of " oven-bird " from his peculiar 
habit of roofing over the nest, which is built on the ground, like an old-fashioned 
oven. This is not, however, always the case with them. They arrive about 
the first week of May and proceed directly with their matrimonial arrange- 
ments, which have evidently been neglected until this time. Their accustomed 
habitat is in hard-wood groves, where they are often seen walking mincingly 
about on the ground or scratching among the leaves like a hen. Their song, 
loud, clear, rapid, and echoing, is very familiar. Mr John Burroughs describes 
it very happily as follows, — teacher, teacher, teacher. Teacher, TEACHER! 

36. WATER-THRUSH. Seiurus noveboracensis. Gmelin. 

Chest yellowish, with very conspicuous dark stripes. Resembling his 
relative, the oven-bird, in many ways, he differs noticeably in his habitat, 
preferring, instead of dry, hard-wood groves, lovv, wet places, and building a 
nest, principally of green moss, on the ground near the water. He has a loud, 
clear, cheerful, striking song which he frequently sings while bathing. He 
walks like the oven-bird, and has the additional peculiarity of wagging his 
tail sideways. 

37. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT. Geothltpis trichas. Linnreus. 

Male with yellow breast and black stripes through the eyes. Female with- 
out the black stripes. Distinctively a ground warbler and very common in 
shrubbery and underbrush from the first week in May until well into October. 
Occasionally found in fields of grain when the insects are plenty there. Silent 
in the fall but tirelessly repeating its tvhit-ta-tee-tee during the earlier months. 
Her basket-like nest is built carelessly of very coarse materials. 

38. WILSON'S WARBLER. Sylvania pusilla. Wilson. 

Mature males with bright yellow chest and black cap. The females and 
young males lack the black cap. This warbler also nests upon the ground, 
and is often classed as a fly-catcher, because of his proficiency in that direction. 
They come north the second week of May, and are occasionally seen until the 
last of August, sometimes rearing their young in this county, although they 
usually go a little farther north to nest. 



78 History of Androscoggin County. 



39. CANADIAN WARBLER. Sylyania Canadensis. Linnmus. 

Upper parts bluish-lead color. Yellow chin and throat, the latter bordered 
with a necklace of black. Also has a yellow breast. In habits much like No. 
38. They usually nest in a tussock of grass, and the male has a lively, 
animated song. Mr John Burroughs speaks of him as "too happy to keep 
silent." 

40. AMERICAN REDSTART. Setophaga ruticilla. Linnccus. 

Glossy blue-black above and white beneath. In the male six rich, orange 
spots, situated one on each side of the tail, wings, and breast, being replaced 
in the female by yellow spots similarly placed. As the scientific name signifies, 
the redstart is pre-eminently a "mosquito eater." Graceful and rapid in 
flight,' always nervous and vivacious, they adorn our moist woodlands from 
May to September, nesting usually either in or near the fork of some tree. 

Eighth Family — Vireonidse. 

Half warbler and half fly-catcher, measuring between five and one-quarter 
and six inches in length. These summer residents have a sweet song and neat, 
delicate plumage, though far less brilliant and variegated than that of the 
warblers. Their nests are well woven, pendulous cups suspended almost 
invariably from the small forks of trees and bushes. They are peculiar to 
America, and are often called "greenlets." 

41. HED-EYED VIREO. Vireo olivaceous. Linnceus. 

Olive color above. Whitish beneath with a black stripe, above a white 
stripe, over the eye. Iris of eye red. This genial, happy, industrial bird is 
one of the commonest and most widely distributed of all, and from May to 
August can be seen and heard, especially among the elms and maples of old 
pasture lands, where he busily searches the leaves for his insect food. He sings 
a sleepy, persistent, sing-song strain all day long, and with apparent indifference, 
like a boy whistling abstractedly at his work. He even continues to sing late 
in the summer after all the other birds have abandoned the musical profession. 

42. WARBLING VIREO. Vireo gilyus. Vicillot. 

Similar in appearance to the red-eyed, the warbling vireo is distinguishable 
by the absence of the black line over the eye. This is one of the most 
beautiful singei'S that comes to us in the cities and towns, warbling, at short 
intervals, from the second week in May until September, a cheerful, long- 
continued strain in the trees that line our streets and roadsides. His voice is 
weak, but it is tenderly liquid. 

43. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. Vikeo elavifrons. VieUlot. 

Olive head and slate-blue rump. Yellow throat and white beneath. Tail- 
feathers white-edged. This is the handsomest of the vireos and probably the 
least common, although often seen here during their passage. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 79 

44. BLUE-HEADED VIREO. Vireo solitarius. Wilson. 

Olive back and white around the eyes. Whitish beneath, with yellow 
undersides. Distinguishable by its dark ashy-blue head. Arriving the earliest 
of all the vireos late in April or early in May, they are quite abundant for a 
short time, after which they pass farther north, perhaps a few remaining to 
breed here. They also linger the last of the vireos in their retrograde 
migration. 

Ninth Family — Laniidae. 

45. NORTHERN SHRHvE. Lanius p.orealis. Vieillot. 

Snuff-colored back, dark wings, rippled breast, and white-edged tail. This 
is the " butcher-bird," who exercises his cruel and tyrannical disposition in our 
county, from October to April, on small birds, mice, and such insects and 
larvai as are in exposed situations. He is the "white whisky-John" of the 
Indians and has been very suggestivel}^ designated by Dr Wheaton as the 
" bushwhacker among birds." Sometimes he is attracted even into the cities 
after the English sparrows that throng our streets, and he has the peculiar 
habit of impaling his prey on some thorn or stub after he has torn off its head 
and taken its brain, for the shrike is a great believer in brain food. He seizes 
his quarry in his bill with unerring aim, usually darting from some lookout 
where he has been quietly perched, with his fiery red eye wide open for the 
opportunity. Only occasional instances are given of their breeding in the 
United States and never in Androscoggin county, its accustomed nestino- 
haunts being farther north. 

46. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. Lanius ludovicianus. Llnnccus. 

Similar to No. 45 in habits and appearance, with the exception of beino" 
somewhat smaller. A black line running above its eyes and beak is its 
distinguishing characteristic. This shrike is much less common than the 
former, but has been taken in the county. The nests of both shrikes have 
been found in Maine. 

Tenth Family — Ampelidae. 

47. CEDAR WAXWING. Ampelis cedrorum. Vieillot. 

This gipsy-like bird, with his sleek coat of an indescribable snuff-brown 
color, looks as if he had just stepped out of that traditional bandbox from 
which some scrupulously neat persons are supposed to emerge. A gentleman 
of leisure in the midst of a busy world, he delays the shackles of wedded life 
until late in the season, and usually it is the first of July before their bulky 
nest appears, built in some cedar or orchard tree. Dr Cones aptly describes 
their insignificant note as a "weak and wheezy whistle." They are sociable, 
amiable, and affectionate in disposition, and seem to liave quite a code of 
genteel manners, as is illustrated by their peculiar habit, which I had the good 
fortune once to observe, of daintily passing an insect or berry back and forth 
from beak to beak before eating it, as if out of pure politeness. In the earlier 



80 History of Androscoggin County. 



part of the season they feed on the insects and their larvae, which are so 
injurious to the fruit trees, but later, as the cherries ripen, they turn them- 
selves into generous paymasters for their own valuable services, much to the 
annoyance of the farmer, who only sees his cherries disappearing before his 
very eyes. Still later, in "dog-days," when the small fruits become less 
plenty, the "cherry-birds" take a few weeks' hunting excursion for insects up 
the streams and lakes, and by September their summer vacation is over. 

Eleventh Family — Hirundinidae. 
This well-defined group of insectivorous birds is distributed all over the 
world, about one hundred species being nominally recorded. They are great 
housekeepers and, returning usually in April, they build their peculiar nests, 
not so much in concealment as in inaccessible places. They often return year 
after year to the same nest. Graceful and dextrous in flight, they scarcely ever 
use their feet, relying on their pinions for locomotion. The following are the 
only representatives of this family in this county, the so-called " chimney 
swallow " belonging to an entirely different family, the Ci/jjseliihe. 

48. PURPLE MARTIN. Progne subis. Linnmus. 

This loquacious and interesting bird is the largest of the swallows, and has 
come to be familiar in many localities where bird houses have been erected for 
his occupancy. He is something of a city bird, since his choice for a nesting- 
place in the country is too often disputed for his comfort by the blue birds, 
wrens, and tree swallows. They formerly built in hollow trees, but since 
bird houses have been constructed for them they keep abreast of civilization 
and occupy these. It requires two years for the young to attain the beautiful 
purple-black color of the adult. The male has been observed occasionally to 
stay at home on the eggs during incubation, like a dutiful spouse, and give the 
female a short afternoon out. He often has pitched battles with the king bird, 
and also the irrepressible English sparrow with whom he has had a misunder- 
standing from time immemorial. Their food is principally flies, wasps, bees, 
and beetles, and their song is noisy and loud, but quite pleasant, 

49. CLIFF OR EAVES SWALLOW. Pbtrochelidon lunifrons. Say. 

Ash colored crescent on the head. This bird was originally a South 
American species, and it has slowly migrated north until it has reached Maine 
in abundance. They build their flask-shaped nests of mud usually under the 
eaves of barns and sheds where their unmusical, earnest, and not unpleasant 
creaking note, uttered as if with difficulty, becomes familiar to every one. 
They are called republicans from their social habits. 

50. BARN SWALLOW. Chelioon erythrogaster. Boddaert. 

This most abundant of the swallows, flashing in and out of old barns in 
every country place, is the only one of the family with the forked, or typical, 
swallow tail. Like the other swallows, while abroad on his beautifully erratic 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 81 



and graceful flight, he catches flying insects in his mouth and sticks them 
together, by means of a peculiar mucus, into little balls which are afterwards 
fed to the young. The nest is a structure of mud pellets interwoven with 
straw or hay and lined with fine grasses, often a whole village of them being 
placed together in the rafters of a barn. Social, affectionate, and wonderfully 
active, they are always benefiting, and never injuring their human brothers. 

51. TREE SWALLOW. Tachycineta bicolor. Vieillot. 

White beneath and iridescent bluish-black above. These beautiful little 
inhabitants of the air are more conservative than some of their family, and 
still build in hollow trees and old woodpeckers' holes, as their ancestors did, 
although occasionally a pair will occupy the chinks of a building or a martin 
house. They have an especial fondness for water and linger quite late in 
autumn, depending somewhat on the weather for their departure. 

52. BANK SWALLOW. Clivicola riparia. Lmncrus. 

Brown back, white throat, and dirty-tinged beneath. The least in size and 
the commonest of the swallows in such localities as are favorable for the 
construction of their remarkable nests. These nests are dug in, perpendicularly 
to the surface of some bank, usually from two to four feet, and all the work is 
done with the closed bill of the little bird. They possess a rapid, flickering 
flight, and delight to dip their breasts into the water as they skim over its 
surface in their zigzag course after insects. They are the shyest of all the 
swallows. 

Twelfth Family — Tanagridae. 

53. SCARLET TANAGER. Piranga erythromelas. Vieillot. 

Mature male, bright scarlet with dark wings and tail, the scarlet being 
replaced in the female by dull olive. This bird is so brilliant that he attracts 
even the most careless eye as he flashes in the midst of the green foliage. The 
full color of the male is not attained until after the first year, and it fades in 
the autumn almost to the olive of the female. Although quite rare yet it has 
been repeatedly seen in Androscoggin county. 

Thirteenth Family — Fringillidae. 

This is the feathered Smith family, being the largest and containing one- 
ninth of our North American birds. It includes the finches, grosbeaks, and 
crossbills, hailing chiefly from the north, and the vast army of sparrows, mostly 
from the south. 

54. EVENING GROSBEAK. Coccothraustes vespertina. Cooper. 

Yellowish brown, with black wings and tail and a large white spot on the 
upper part of the wing. Black on the head. A striking combination of black, 
white, and yellow. The nest and eggs of this very rare visitor have never 
been found. The birds themselves have been reported only a few times within 
the limits of the United States and, so far as I am informed, it has never been 



82 History of Androscoggin County. 



seen in Maine but once, when a male, in full plumage, was taken on the Bates 
College campus in Lewiston, January 10, 1890. 

55. PINE GROSBEAK. Pinicola enucleatok. Linnaus. 

Male reddish. Female olive-green. With a large beak, as the name 
signifies. These birds are not uncommon visitors of our coniferous woods 
during the winter months, where they feed on young buds. Sometimes they 
visit an orchard for the seeds which they can pick out of the frozen apples 
which may be left hanging on the trees. Being good singers and quite tame, 
they are often taken into captivity as cage birds. They fly about in small 
flocks and are somewhat sluggish in their movements. Length, eight and 
one-half inches. 

56. PURPLE FINCH. Carpodacus purpureus. Gmelin. 

Male with reddish breast, fading away insensibly beneath and not attaining 
its color until the second year. Female olive. The only purple about this 
bird is in its name. Brilliant and lively in song, he holds rank as one of the 
sweetest, best, and most constant of our singers, and therefore he is often 
caged, when he is known as the red linnet. Although they have no proper 
crest, yet they are in the habit of erecting their crown feathers on occasion, 
and often after moulting, especially in captivity, their plumage turns to a 
yellowish color. They fly in compact flocks, usually alighting and starting 
up together. With the robin and cedar waxwing he forms the trinity of 
cherry-eaters. 

57. AMERICAN CROSSBILL. LoxiA curvirostra minor. Brehm. 

This winter resident, red-tinged in the male, is never mistaken when once 
his beak can be examined. The mandibles cross each other, this peculiar 
arrangement being especially adapted for prying out the pine-cone kernels on 
which the bird feeds. They are seen flying in flocks high overhead and 
alighting only in the tops of tall evergreens, and they utter a peculiar, 
whistling twitter while in flight. They nest very early and are quite erratic 
in their appearance, a flock being seen and three of them taken, in Lewiston, 
June 3, 1891. 

58. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. LoxiA leucoptera. Gmelin. 

Similar to but somewhat more rare than No. 57, and distinguishable by the 
marked white bars on the wings. They usually fly in company with the 
American crossbills and have been reported in the Arctic regions by Sir John 
Richardson. They were very abundant throughout the county in the winter 
of 1888-89, remaining even into the spring. 

59. REDPOLL. Acanthis linaria. Limiccus. 

Brown, with small red crown. These neat, hardy little snow-birds usually 
make their cheerful api)earance after the first heavy snow fall, taking possessioji 
of fields and gardens wherever the weed-stalks and grasses lift up a supply 
of seeds above the sno\y. They are timid and easily alarmed, and in note 



I 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 83 

and general habits resemble the goldfinches. They nest in the alders of 
Greenland and the Hudson Bay region, and their migration seems to be 
controlled rather by the food supply than the weather, as they are very erratic 
in appearance. 

60. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. Spinus tristis. Linnrr.us. 

Black cap, wings, and tail. The male bright yellow elsewhere, and the 
female olive green. This nomadic little dandy in feathers is regularly a 
summer resident, but occasionally he remains in the count}^ all winter. They 
gather in large flocks in the autumn and cau everywhere be heard, festooning 
their plaintive lisping twe-e twe-e through the air in their undulatory flight. 
For three-fourths of the year they are gregarious, and separate into pairs only 
long enough to build their peculiar felted nests and to rear one brood. They 
are called the " thistle birds" because they feed so largely on the seeds of the 
Canadian thistle. 

61. PINE SISKIN. Spinus pinus. Wilson. 

Olive green, black mottled, with a very pointed beak and considerably 
yellowish on the wings. This is the "pine finch." With querulous notes and 
undulatory flight they frequent thickets and uuderbrush in flocks. They are 
strictly seed-eaters, and are the rarest of the finches that visit us, with the 
exception, of course, of the evening grosbeak. 

62. SNOWFLAKE. Plectkophenax nivalis. Linncnis. 

In full dress much more nearly white than it is in its winter plumage. The 
"snow bunting" is always welcome when a flock of them come scurrying 
down in the teeth of a snow-storm to brighten a dreary winter day. The}' 
are entirely terrestrial and seed-eating in habits. One peculiarity about 
them is the fact that they change from winter to summer plumage by 
the fraying off of the ends of the feathers without moulting. They breed 
within the Arctic Circle, and are said to have a beautiful song in their far 
northern home. 

63. VESPER SPARROW. Pooc.ictes gramineits. Gmelin. 

The individuality of this bird, often called the " grassfinch " or " bay-winged 
bunting," is betrayed chiefly by two or three white tail-feathers made conspic- 
uous in flight. He has been called the " poet of the pastures," and his soft, 
sweet, and somewhat plaintive strain is usually heard greeting the djnng day, 
from which habit Mr Wilson Flagg christened him the " vesper bird." Their 
nest is built on the ground, and the mother bird will always do her best to 
decoy intruders by running before them in the grass, or even by feigning a 
broken wing, to attract attention when the safety of her trust becomes 
especially imperiled. They are summer residents, coming usually by the 
middle of April, and are fearless and unsuspicious of mankind in their general 
habits, neither seeking nor shunning human society. The eggs have a milky, 
yellowish tinge instead of the green of the song sparrow, 



84 History of Androscoggin County. 



64. SAVANNA SPARROW. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna. Wilson. 

It requires some experience to distinguish this sparrow away from his 
accustomed haunts of open, marshy ground and when he is not singing his 
peculiar trilling song. A yellowish line above the eye marks him for the near 
observer. They come early in April and, although they nest in open, marshy 
fields and swampy places, yet the nest itself, of coarse grass, is always sunken 
in the ground in a dry spot, and is usually somewhat elevated. Whenever the 
nest is approached they thread their way through the grass like a mouse. 
They are somewhat gregarious, and are eminently terrestrial. Chiefly in the 
morning their weak song is heard, resembling a thin insect trill in its volume 
and ventriloquistic properties. 

65. WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW. Zonotrichia leucophrys. Forstcr. 

The white of the crown separates two black stripes on either side rather 
narrower than itself. No yellow anywhere. This rare, transient visitor is 
quite irregular in his appearance, but sometimes passes through the county 
on his way to Labrador, where the young are reared. He pauses long enough 
sometimes to pour forth his beautiful song, perched in some tree and beating 
time with his eloquent tail. The song is loud, clear, and musical at first, with 
a touch of plaintiveness, diminishing in volume until it dies away at the last. 

66. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. Zonotrichia albicollis. Gmelin. 
Yellowish stripes over the eyes. Edge of wings yellow. The female has 

no white on the throat. This handsome bird, often called the " peabody bird" 
from his song, sometimes nests in this county, although usually selecting higher 
altitudes or latitudes. They arrive by the third week of April and linger in 
the fall migration until late into November. Generally seen flying near the 
ground and seeking the shelter of low bushes. Their song, a series of clear 
whistles, is chanted often in concert in earl}^ morning and, in cloudy weather, 
is continued at intervals all day. Often in the dead of night also their sweet 
and plaintive jjea-peahody-hody-bodij is heard, when the effect is singularly 
striking in the midst of the stillness. 

67. TREE SPARROW. Spizella monticola. Gmelin. 

Brown cap and barred wings with the under mandible of the beak yellow. 
A rare winter resident, nesting on the ground in Labrador and New- 
foundland. They are quite abundant about the middle of April during their 
northern migration, flying in flocks along the shrubbery and underbrush, and 
occasionally singing their soft, sweet song, which dissolves at last into a warble. 
They were remarkably abundant in Lewiston during the season of 1890-91. 

68. CHIPPING SPARROW. Spizella socialis. Wilson. 

This little brown-capped citizen is one of the most widely distributed and 
abundant of all our birds. He has earned the name of "hair bird," from his 
skillful workmanshij) as an architect, weaving his little home, which is perched 
on some bush, out of hair and fine grass. Their song is a clear trill, and the 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 85 

young birds experience some noticeable difificulty at first in performing it. 
Very often it is heard in the night when it may be some overworked little 
chipper is breaking out in his troubled sleep, or more likely some restless little 
toiler is impatient for the break of day. Their chipping note, which they 
constantly utter and from which they are christened, sounds like chinking two 
pebbles sharply together. 

69. FIELD SPARROW. Spizella pusilla. Wilson. 

Faded breast and reddish-yellow beak. This bird is not an uncommon 
summer resident of our fields, pastures, and scrublands, building a deep Jiest 
on the ground. His song is melodious and brilliant, and ordinarily sung at 
morning and night, but in cloudy weather he cheerfully volunteers to sing 
during the day. The song, which rivals that of the white-crowned and fox- 
colored sparrows, begins with three or four crescent-like notes which dwindle 
rapidly into a sweet trill. The whole has been very well described, as follows : 
fe-o — f<'-o — fe-o — few — fctv — few — fee — fee — fee. 

70. SLATE-COLORED JUNCO. JuNCO hyemalis. Linncms. 

Slate-colored back, and slate-colored bib very distinctly defined across the 
breast. White bill and white tail-feathers iiirted in sight during flight. Cheery 
and bright, the "black snowbird" is an occasional winter resident, when they 
appear as the feathered prophets of a coming storm, but he is very abundant 
during the spring passage. Their migrations are quite irregular and uncertain, 
often in flocks with other birds, but they retire to the highlands to breed, 
seeming to be constitutionally unfit to endure much warm weather. Their 
song is a simple trill, in addition to which they are continually "sucking their 
teeth," as their peculiar note has been happily expressed. Their food consists 
of berries, seeds, and insects. 

7\. SONG SPARROW. Melospiza fasciata. Gmelin. 

His quaker-like garb is usually adorned by a blotch of black in the middle 
of the breast. Always welcome, this cheerful and hardy songster gets the start 
of the spring every year, being the earliest arrival of his family, coming with 
the bluebird and robin, and collecting in loose flocks for the return south in 
October. His hopeful, silvery, jubilant song is the song of all songs in the 
early spring, foretelling the joyous carnival to come. It is to be distinguished 
from that of the vesper, who joins the chorus later, by the two or three 
confident, piping notes with which it opens. The vesper has no such intro- 
duction, but begins in the middle of his song as if he had sung a part of it 
under his breath before opening his mouth. The song sparrow generally 
places his well-made nest on the ground, and usually rears at least two broods 
during the summer. 
72. SWAMP SPARROW. Melospiza georgiana. Latham. 

This brunette of the sparrows, with no distinctive mark on his breast like 
the song sparrow, is quite a rare summer resident of this county. His life 



86 History of Androscoggin County. 



history is but iraperfectl}^ known because of his secretiveness, and whenever 
his seclusion is intruded upon by some member of the human family in rubber 
boots, he shows his indignation by spiteful flirts of his expressive tail as he 
skulks from bush to bush among the swampy thickets. 

73. FOX SPARROW. Passerella iliaca. Merreni. 

Conspicuous from his beauty and size as well as his form, this rare visitor 
abounds for a short time in the middle of April and then disappears for his 
Arctic nesting grounds. Haunting shrubbery and undergrowth and frequently 
scratcliing among the leaves like the brown thrasher and ovenbird, whenever 
he is alarmed, instead of taking precipitous flight like many birds, he usually 
flies to some low perch and looks about for the cause of his alarm. His song, 
once identified, is unmistakable, being a series of sweetly modulated tones 
terminated by a vocal twist that would turn Patti herself green with envy. 

74. TOWHEE. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Limueus. 

Black back, chestnut sides, and white beneath. A red iris to his eye, and 
showing white tail feathers in flight. With as many dliases as the crookedest 
of us, this stylishly dressed scratcher-among-the-leaves answers, with a saucy 
flirt of his tail, to the names of " towhee," " chewink," and " joreet," because 
of his note, and " ground robin " and " marsh robin " because of his habits, 
although it is questionable how far the latter name is applicable. He is quite 
rare in this county, although he is very common farther south in New England. 

75. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Habia ludoviciana. Linn(eus. 

The male has a black back and, after the first year, a beautiful blood stain 
on his white breast. The female is more quietly dressed in light brown and 
white. Both have the big beak of the grosbeaks and are sometimes tamed as 
cage birds. Perhaps no one of our birds combines more attractions in beauty 
and song than this "rose bud" of the North American birds. Nuttall ranks 
him even next to the mocking-bird as a singer, and surely his rich rolling song, 
suggesting that of the robin at its start, entitles him to much praise. They 
feed on the seeds of birches and alders, berries and buds, and do not scorn an 
occasional indulgence in insects. 

76. INDIGO BUNTING. Passerina cyanea. Linnreiis. 

Male dark, rich indigo, with black wings and tail, not acquiring its full 
color until after the first year. One would never suspect that the modest 
snuff-colored bird, with never a trace of blue about her, wiio follows this 
gaudy and vivacious bit of color, was liis faithful mate. His song, given rapidly 
and often — even in the heat of noonday — consists of about six notes dimin- 
ishing in volume. 

Fourteenth Family — Icteridae. 

These are the starlings of the old world, and they all have sharp beaks 
running well back into the head, 'i'hey are walkers, and their eggs are beau- 
tifully marked. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 87 

77. BOBOLINK. Dolichonyx ortzivorus. Linnceus. 

This merry minstrel of our meadows has a sufficiently changing indi- 
viduality to be called a feathered "• Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde." Known to us as 
the most light-hearted and rollicking bird of the whole catalogue, appearing 
in his motley garb by the middle of May, before the summer is over the laugh 
has died out of his song and his theatrical plumage has become replaced by 
citizen's clothes. Late in August or early in September this reformed trouba- 
dour turns his course to the south, departing usually in the night, when his 
metallic chink from the blackness of the upper air falls on the ear of the 
belated traveler. In Pennsylvania he becomes the ''reed-bird," where he 
turns himself into such a gourmand and become:fso plump that whole flocks 
are shot by gunners for the market. In the Carolinas he undergoes another 
change and is the "rice-bird," doing, according to the Agricultural Depart- 
ment, -12,500,000 yearly damage. In South Aiuerica he is the "butter-bird," 
and after his songless winter is over he threads his way north to our New 
England meadows again, where he turns over a new leaf and rears his young, 
covering his multitude of sins by that most popular and jolly of all our 
summer songs. The young birds fly before the hay harvest, and the nests, 
although placed in open meadows on tussocks of grass, are rarely found except 
by accident. The bobolink with a hovering flight sings often in the air, and 
then his music sounds as if some musical winged bottle, with its stopper lost 
forever, was bubbling out its liquid contents over the green fields. 

78. COWBIRD. MoLOTHRUS ater. Boddaert. 

This glossy black polygamist with his faded-out wives has a very question- 
able character among bird circles. Gipsy-like, they never build a nest, but the 
females foist their eggs in nests already occupied, to be hatched and reared by 
respectable birds. The vireos, warblers, and sparrows are especially the 
philanthropists who are thus imposed upon. The young cowbird, with the 
blood of generations of vagabonds in his unsightly little body, instinctively 
pushes his nest-mates over the edge of the nest, if they ever have the mis- 
fortune to be hatched after his advent, and monopolizes the entire care of his 
foster-parents. As soon as he can fly he always joins others of his kin and in their 
company goes to the bad like his fathers before him. Like some people, they 
seem to think that they can sing, and often alighting in the tops of tall trees, 
their painful, but somewhat melodious, squeaking note, given with spreading 
wings and ruftling feathers, and sounding like the sweaty hand of the small boy 
as he slides down the banister, is heard. Nothing will draw the insectivorous 
"cow blackbirds" like a "burnt piece," and their dusky forms seem especially 
in place there as they walk about, crow-like, upon the charred ground. 

79. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Agelaids ph(ENICKus. LnuKfus. 

General color, velvet black. The males who are two years old have 
crimson spots on their shoulders, as if their maturity entitled them to these 



88 History of Androscoggin County. 



chevrons of respect. They are very abundant in marshy places, building in 
colonies among the reeds and cat-tails their deeply-hollowed, grass-lined nests. 
Among the earliest arrivals, they rear two broods, and linger until October 
before their departure. Some one has well described the vocal effort of the 
" swamp blackbird," as he is often called, by the syllables eon-eu-ree. All that is 
necessary to assemble a noisy indignation meeting of these blackbirds about one's 
head is to enter their marshy retreat where their nests are located. The young 
birds assemble in flocks with their parents in the fall for migration together. 

80. MEADOWLARK. Sternella magna. Linnaeus. 

Variegated plumage with yellow predominating, and a black spot on the 
breast. Long bill and short tail. This rare summer resident, occasionally 
nesting in the swampy fields of this county, is the "old field lark," quite 
common farther south of us where they whir up suddenly in flocks before the 
gunners, who delight to practice shooting them on the wing. Because of this 
they have learned to be very shy. 

81. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Icterus galbdla. Linnrrus. 

Black head and throat. Orange beneath and sides of tail. The social and 
genial "golden robin," swinging his graceful, pensile nest from the drooping 
branches of the old elms even in ourcities and towns, and brightening the 
summer by his lively color as well as by his bugle-like co-weet—co-'weet^ is 
always recognized as a friend. Their well-known nest is a deep, pendulous 
pocket, woven with hair so as to be stiffened into maintaining its form. 
They seem justly proud of their workmanship as nest-bailders, and often 
return to build again where, the year before, the breezes swung their little 
ones to and fro between heaven and earth. The male comes in advance of 
the female in the spring, and the period of song is not a long one. A fortune 
awaits the man who can interpret the story penciled in black hieroglyphics 
on their white eggs, which hold the reputation of being the most beautiful of 
all our birds' eggs. 

82. RUSTY BLACKBIRD. Scolecopiiagus carolinus. Miiller. 

This bird passes through the county in the latter part of April for their 
nesting haunts at the sources of the Penobscot and Kennebec. When they 
return in the autumn they present a brownish-black appearance, and are not 
in full plumage. Somewhat larger than the cowbird, and not equaling in size 
the bronze grackle, these " thrush blackbirds " are not much known, being of 
too retiring and shy a disposition. They frequent low, swampy thickets for 
insects, worms, small cn(sf(u-a\ and the seeds of aquatic plants, and utter an 
alarm note which sounds as if they said cheek, check! They collect in large 
flocks for the retrograde movement. 

83. liRONZED GRACKLE. Quisoalus quiscula '^neus. Bidgivay. 

Between twelve and thirteen and one-half inches in length, this miniature 
crow is an occasional summer resident here. They often breed in communi- 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 89 

ties, like the rooks in England, in hollow trees and stumps, and sometimes even 
on the edge of the large rambling nest of the fish hawk. Especially grotesque 
and ludicrous are the actions and vocal efforts of tlie " crow blackbird," as he 
is popularly called, during the mating season. His greasy, liquid note has a 
striking resemblance to quis quiUa., and costs nearly as much effort in utterance 
as does that of the cowbird. He is a notorious robber of the corn fields, and 
hence a coolness has arisen between him and the farmers. 

Fifteenth Family — Corvidae. 

84. BLUE JAY. Cyanocitta ckistata. Linn(P.us. 

This garrulous, profligate, rowdyish cynic in blue remains with us, like a 
bad habit, the year around, but is rather more abundant in summer than in 
winter. He is an accomplished house-breaker and, since the only furniture 
the birds have in tlieir houses is the eggs and little ones, this means that he is, 
in addition, a murderer. The food of the blue jay is probably more varied 
than that of any other bird we have. Their coarse nest is rambling and 
conspicuous, and their shrill, high-pitched, alarm cry of jay^ jay^ is familiar to 
every one. Curious, dishonest, and sneaking, this bird absorbs to himself so 
many feathered vices that it leaves all the other birds comparatively virtuous. 

85. AMERICAN RAVEN. CoRvus corax sinuatus. Wagler. 

Much larger than the crow, whom he displaces in geographical distribution, 
this "ominous bird of the sable plume" is very rarely found in Androscoggin 
county. They select the most inaccessible places on the highest trees and 
cliffs for their nests and, already celebrated in tradition and song, are very 
interesting in their actual habits. About two feet in length. It has been 
taken in the winter in this county. 

86. AMERICAN CROW. CoRVUS americanus. Audubon. 

This sagacious and versatile black knight of the air casts a shadow too 
often, as he passes between us and the sun in his laborious flight, to need any 
description. Occasionally he is seen at intervals all winter in this county, but 
more often he goes south to colonize in rookeries or, with his usual contrariness 
to the ways of mankind, he puts in his vacation at the sea-shore in the winter 
instead of the summer, picking up his living among the lower forms of life 
that are found there. For a long time there has existed a family feud between 
the crows and the hawks, and they improve every opportunity with each other 
to add insult to injury. The crow is the most skeptical of our birds, unless it 
may be the blue jay, as his sarcastic tones and distrustful ways signify, and if 
there is a single atheist among all the feathered citizens of Androscoggin 
county, it is he. Sometimes he is tamed, when he becomes notorious for his 
love of mischief and his shrewd ways, but he evidently prefers to live the life 
of an outlaw. Authorities differ as to whether the crow, everything consid- 
ered, is a benefit or an injury to us, and this open question has moi^e than once 



90 History of Androscoggin County. 



afforded the legislators a means for earning their daily bread. He has a 
peculiar note, not often heard, by which he expresses his feelings daring his 
courtship, which sounds singularly like the whinny of a horse. 

Sixteenth Family — Alaudidae. 

87. HORNED LARK. OxocoRis alpestkis Linnreus. 

A yellowish-white throat and a black spot on the chest. Often called the 
"shore-lark" or "sky-lark." They rear their young on the coast and in Min- 
nesota, and have been seen within this county during the winter. They have 
a shrill voice, are easily alarmed, and are one of the soaring birds. 

Second Sub-Order— CLAMATORES. Seventeenth Family— Tyrannidae. 

There are twelve species of this family in New England, and eight of these 
visit Androscoggin county. They are all eminently insectivorous and migra- 
tory, and their large heads and beaks, flattened at the base and surrounded by 
hairs, especitilly adapt them for their office as fly-catchers. 

88. KINGBIRD. Tyrannus tyrannus. Linnmis. 

These familiar birds, arriving about the first of May, are distinguished 
especially by the white tips on their tail-feathers, which they spread like a fan 
whenever they sink or rise slowly through the air from one bush to another. 
Also beneath their crest of crown feathers is a little flame-colored patch that is 
not often seen except by sharp eyes. This audacious and self-reliant little 
fellow is quite warlike, especiall}'^ during his mating and nesting season, and 
does not hesitate to defend his trust from any of the larger birds that approach. 
He is often seen flying above a crow or hawk and pouncing down upon him at 
intervals with spiteful jabs, while the persecuted bird, sullen and wrathy, tries 
in vain to outfly him. The kingbird places his nest in all kinds of conspicuous 
situations and tlien proceeds to stand guard over it, with much the same spirit 
as the small boy exercises when he balances a chip on his shoulder and 
challenges any one of the barefooted world to walk up and knock it off 
if he dares. He is called the bee martin because he is not particular as to his 
insect, and he often makes havoc with a hive of bees, but it is doubtless true 
that he destroys hundreds of noxious insects to one bee, and therefore peace 
should be maintained between them and the bee-keepers. During the latter 
part of September they depart for their winter home in Central America and 
southern Mexico. 

89. CRESTED FLYCATCHER. Myiarchus crinitus. Unnceus. 

Olive above, with gray throat running back beneath into yellow. This 
wild, solitary, irritable bird is rare and keeps high up in the trees during his 
occasional visits. Excitable and pugnacious, he seems to have difficulty in 
getting along with any of the bird kind except his own individual family. 
He is liable to be seen from May to September, and when he nests it is usually 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 91 

in a hollow tree or post-hole, and he has the peculiar weakness of adorning his 
nest with an old snake skin. His note is harsh and not very pleasant, for he 
"rolls his r's " very badly. Length, nine inches. 

90. PHCEBE. Satornis Phcebe. Latham. 

Olive brown above and blackish on the head. Soiled white and pale yellow 
beneath. Bill wholly black. The "pewee" comes earlier and lingers later than 
any other fly-catcher, not departing for the south until October. They build in 
bridges and culverts a peculiar nest, largely of mud and usually placed on the 
side of a vertical rock over the water. They show great attachment to certain 
localities, returning year after year to rebuild, even in the face of great 
difficulties. Perching on some lookout twig, where he jerks his tail and moves 
his scalp feathers nervously, or darting into the air in the fluttering, zigzag 
pursuit of a passing insect, this most peaceable of the fly-catchers is familiar 
to us all. During the earlier part of the season he is almost constant in the 
nervous repetition of his name — peiree, jjetvee — as if continually on the point 
of forgetting his identit}^ and trying to avoid such a disaster ; but later he 
becomes more reassured and utters his name rarely. They seldom alight upon 
the ground except when they are after building material. 

91. OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER. Contopus borealis. Stvainson. 

Dark olive brown, darkest on the head and lightest on the sides. Bill black 
above only. Dr Coues says of this rarest of the fly-catchers : " A stocky, able- 
bodied, dark, and streaky species, quite unlike any other." The note resembles 
the syWahles pip, pip, j:>eu. This bird has been seen in Androscoggin county. 

92. WOOD PEWEE. Contopus virens. Linnceus. 

This miniature pewee in form and porportion, but differing in having only 
the upper half of the bill black and in not flirting his tail, is the last of all the 
birds to arrive. He builds a peculiar nest of lichens and moss, so saddled upon 
a limb as to resemble a knot, and he is rather partial to forests, although if the 
trees are numerous, he often nests in cities and towns. They are very active 
and by no means so pensive and melancholy as their striking note, pe-to-ivee, 
pe-to-ivdy, liee-reu, repeated very slowly, would seem to imply. 

93. YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER. Empidonax flaviventris. Bainl. 
This rather rare bird is distinguishable by the yellow coloring beneath. 

Their nest, usually situated under the roots of trees, is very rare and has 
not been found in this county, so far as I am informed. Their note is a 
prolonged pea. 

94. TRAILL'S FLYCATCHER. Empidonax pusillus traillii. Audubon. 

This fly-catcher is also a rather rare summer resident, nesting in the upright 
fork of a tree, usually about swamps where the insects are abundant. When- 
ever he utters his harsh, complaining note, he jerks back his head as if his 
vocal efforts were painfully difficult. 



92 History of Androscoggin County. 



95. LEAST FLYCATCHER. Empidonax minimus. Baird. 

Abundant and familiar, preferring the neighborhood of humanity, this well- 
known little bird is distinguishable from the Traill's only by his grayish rather 
than his brownish hue, and his smaller size. With the robin and the chipping 
sparrow, he is the most abundant of all our birds. He places his compact nest 
in the upright forks of trees, and his tireless chehee, chehee, uttered with a back- 
ward snap of his head and a flirt of his tail, is among the commonest of mid- 
summer sounds. 

The following is a catalogue of the other birds occurring in Androscoggin 
county, excluding the shore and water birds: — 

Second Order— MACROCHIRES.— Long-winged Birds. 

Eighteenth Family — Tkochilid.t:. — Hummingbirds. 

96. Rubj-throated Hummingbird. Trochilus colubris. Linnceus. 

Nineteenth Family — Micropodidj*:. — Swifts. 

97. Ciiimney Swift. Chretura pelagica. Linnaus. 

Twentieth Family — Caprimulgid^.— Goatsuckers. 

98. Whip-poor-will. Antrostomus vociferus. Wilson. 

99. Nightbawk. Cbordeiles virginianus. Gmelin. 

Third Order — PICI — Woodpeckers. 
Twenty-First Family — Picid.e. — Woodpeckers. 
100. Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus. Linnceus. 
lOL Downy Woodpecker. Dryobates piibescens. Linnceus. 

102. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Swa'mson. 

103. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius. Linnceus. 

104. Pileated Woodpecker. Ceophloeus pileatus. Linnams. 

105. Flicker or Yellow-hammer. Colaptes auratus. Linnceus. 

Fourtli Order— COCCYGES.— Kingfishers and Cuckoos. 
Twenty-Second Family — Alcedinid^. — Kingfishers. 

106. Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon. Linnceus. 

Twenty-Third Family — Cuculid^. — Cuckoos. 

107. Yellow-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus americauus. Linnceus. 

108. Black-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus erythrophthalraus. Wilson. 

Fifth Order — RAPTORES.— Birds of Prey. 

Twenty-Fourth Family — Bubonid.e. — Owls. 

109. American Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Lesson. 

110. Short-eared Owl. Asio accipitrinus. Fallds. 
HI. Barred Owl. Syrnium nebulosum. Forster. 

112. Great Gray Owl. Ulula cinerea. Gmelin. 

113. Richardson's Owl. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni. Bonaparte. 

114. Saw-whet Owl. Nyctala acadica. Gmelin. 

115. Screech Owl. Bubo virginianus. Gmelin. 

116. Great Horned Owl. Megascops asio. Linnaus. 

117. Snowy Owl. Nyctea nyctea. Linnceus. 

118. Hawk Owl. Surnia ulula. Linnceus. 

Twenty-Fifth Family — Falconid^.. — Hawks and Eagles. 

119. Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Linnceus. 

120. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter velox. Wilson. 



The Birds of Androscoggin County. 93 

12J. Cooper's. Hawk. Accipiter cooperi. Bonaparte. 

122. Aiuericau Goshawk. Accipiter atricapillus. Wilson. 

123. Red-tailed Hawlt. liuteo boreaiis. Gmelin. 

124. Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo linneatus. Gmelin. 

125. Broad-wiuged Hawk. Buteo latissimus. Wilson. 

126. Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus. Brilnnich. 

127. Bald Eagle. Halia?etus leucocephalus. Linnreus. 

128. Duck Hawk. Falco peregriiius anatum. Bonaparte. 

129. Pigeon Hawk. Falco colunibarius. Linnreus. 

130. American Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius. Linnccus. 

131. American Osprey or Fish-hawk. Pandion haliai'tus carolinensis. Gmelin. 

Sixth Order -COLUMBiE. 
Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e. — Pigeons. 

132. Passenger Pigeon. Ectopistes migratorius. Linnreus. 

Seventh Order — GALLING. 
Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e. — Grouse. 

133. Rufied Grouse. Bonasa umbellus. Linnreus. 

The following is a list of birds (excluding shore and water birds) which 
have been observed in the state of Maine but have not yet been reported as 
occurring in Androscoggin county : — 

First Family — Turdid^. 

1. Bicknell's Thrush. Turdus alicia' bicknelli. Bidgway. 

Second Family — Silviid^. 

2. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Polioptila CiBrulea. LAnnccus. 

Seventh Family— Mniotiltid^. 

3. Connecticut Warbler. Geothlypis agilis. Wilson. 

4. Mourning Warbler. Geothlypis Philadelphia. Wilson. 

Eighth Family — Vireonid.e. 

5. Philadelphia Vireo. Vireo philadelphicus. Cassin. 

Thirteenth Family — Fringillid^. 
G. Lapland Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus. Linnoius. 

7. Ipswich Sparrow. Ammodramus princeps. 3Iaynarcl. 

8. Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus. Gmelin. 

Fifteenth Family — Corvid^. 

9. Canada Jay. Perisoreus canadensis. Linnaus. 

Twenty-First Family— Picid^. 

10. American Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides araericanus. Brehm. 

11. Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Linnceus. 

Twenty-Fifth Family^ — Falconid^. 

12. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Linnceus. 

13. Gray Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus. Linnceus. 

14. Black Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus obsoletus. Gmelin. 

Twenty-Sixth Family — CATHARTiDiE. 

15. Turkey Vulture. Cathartes aura. Linnccus. 

Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e. 

16. Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura. Linnreus. 

Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e. 

17. Bob-White. Colinus virgiuianus. Linnceus. 

18. Canada Grouse. Dendragapus canadensis. Liunceus. 



94 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER IX. 

MAIL ROUTES, RAILROADS, AND POST-OFFICES. 
Early Mail Routes — Staging — Railroads— Post-Offices and Postmasters. 

EARLY MAIL ROUTES. — In 1793 a new highway was opened from 
Augusta to Portland by way of Monmouth, Greene, etc. By the old 
route via Bath it took two days to reach Portland from Hallowell, but 
by this new road Portland could be reached in the forenoon of the second day, 
if Monmouth was reached for breakfast on the first day. This new route was 
adopted as the United States mail route when the mail service was established 
in 1794. The mails were carried weekly by " post-riders " on horseback ; the 
mail was in a pouch fastened behind the saddle. The rider had another bag 
for local mail matter for the conveyance of which he received extra pay. He 
gave warning of his approach by blowing a long tin horn, so he should not be 
delayed. This route was from Portland to Gray, New Gloucester, Greene, 
Monmouth, Winthrop, Hallowell, Pittston, Pownalborough, to Wiscasset. The 
first post-rider between Portland and Winthrop was William Blossom. Another 
route led from Portland to Gorham, Baldwin, Fryeburg, Bridgton, Waterford, 
Norway, Paris, Hebron, Poland, New Gloucester, and Gray, to Portland. The 
post-riders were Joseph Howe, Seba Smith, William Sawin, and Joshua Pool. 
A weekly post route was established in 1806 from Portland through New 
Gloucester, Danville, Minot, Turner, Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Paris, 
and other towns to Portland. Josiah Smith was the first post-rider. In the 
first of the century John Walker went through the Androscoggin towns from 
Livermore to Danville every week, doing the work of a modern expressman 
and private letter-carrier between those towns and Portland. In 1826 a post 
route was established from Brunswick through the upper Androscoggin towns, 
but from 1824 Joseph Griffin had sustained a weekly mail route from Brunswick 
to Jay, primarily established for the distribution of the Maine Baptist Herald 
he published at Brunswick. The first mail service to Lewiston was probably 
given by Samuel Nash, who rode a gig from Portland to Augusta, on tri-weekly 
trips. He was succeeded by Thomas Longle}^ who came to Greene in 1810. 

In 1830, or earlier, tri-weekly stage lines were established on the principal 
mail routes, and the mails were then carried by them. "Tom" Longley put 
on the first coach on the Portland and Augusta route at that time. He was 
driver and proprietor for many years, g,nd wa,s the heau ideal of a dashing 



Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 95 



driver, courteous and obliging, tall and commanding in appearance. He had 
a wonderful memory, and it is said that in the many errands entrusted to him 
he never made a memorandum and never forgot the smallest detail. He was 
a marvelous story-teller and the aroma of his narrations yet lingers in the 
atmosphere of the places along his route. In later life he left the box and 
became an hotel keeper in Portland. 

Starting from Augusta in the morning the stage reached Lewiston at noon 
and Portland at night. Two dollars was the usual fare, but sometimes a route 
by Brunswick lowered rates by competition. Four relays of horses were used 
in the palmiest days of the stage-coach, and changes were made at Winthrop, 
Greene, and Gray. At Littlefield's tavern, in Danville, the stage from Farm- 
ington was met, and two coaches were generally required from there to 
Portland. Longley sold the route to Edward Little, Esq., and he sold it to 
Charles Clark, who is presumably the last survivor of the early " whips." 
Among the successors of Longley as drivers were his son Benjamin, Lewis 
Howe of Leeds, Albion C. Howard, and Benjamin Beede. 

With the building of railroads staging lost its splendors, and the small 
lines connecting with the cars to-day have not the prestige, coaches, or 
romance of the early time. The veteran driver of the old time who tarried 
longest was Phineas Clough, for many years seated on the box of the Turner 
and Livermore stage. 

Railroads. — The Grand Trunk Railway in Maine is the successor of the 
Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad Company, incorporated by the State Legis- 
lature February 10, 1845. This road was completed to Mechanic Falls, thirty- 
seven miles, in the autumn of 1848. The Grand Trunk leased this road, in 
1853, at a rental of six per cent, on the cost of construction of the oiie hundred 
and forty-nine miles from Portland to Island Pond — $6,003,900. This road 
has done much to develop the resources of the country along its line, and has 
created several prosperous villages. In Maine it operates under a lease, the 
branch from Lewiston to Lewiston Junction — 5.41 miles — and at Mechanic 
Falls it receives the road of the Rumford Falls and Buckfield Railroad 
Company, extending to the Androscoggin river in Canton. 

Maine Central Railroad. — Under this name is operated several railroads 
built under early charters by different companies. The Androscoggin and 
Kennebec Railroad Company was chartered March 28, 1847, and by January 
1, 1850, it had built a road from Waterville to Danville, Mdiere it connected 
with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad. The Penobscot and Kennebec 
Railroad Company was chartered April 5, 1845, and constructed a road from 
Bangor to Waterville, making there a connection with the Androscoggin and 
Kennebec. A law was enacted, in 1856, authorizing these two companies to 
consolidate under a new name. One section of the law was not acceptable 
to the companies, and they did not form the new corporation until after this 



96 History of Androscoggin County. 



section was repealed. September 9, 1862, the union was effected, and October 
28, 1862, the Maine Central Railroad Company was organized. The Kennebec 
and Portland Railroad Company, chartered in 1836, built a road from Augusta 
to Yarmouth, connecting there with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad, 
and a branch from Brunswick to Bath. Later it extended its road from 
Yarmouth to Portland. In 1852 this corporation mortgaged its road to secure 
an issue of |!250,000 in bonds. This mortgage was foreclosed and title obtained 
of the road by the mortgagees, and a new corporation, the Portland and 
Kennebec Railroad Company, organized May 20, 1862. January 1, 1864, 
this road leased the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad (organized August 10, 
1848), reaching from Skowhegan to Augusta. May 20, 1870, the Portland and 
Kennebec Company leased its road and assigned its lease of the Somerset and 
Kennebec id the Maine Central for nine hundred and ninety-nine years. 

The Androscoggin Railroad was constructed from Farmington to Leeds 
Junction. Under the state law the company issued its bonds, securing them 
by a mortgage on the road. Later the company was authorized to extend its 
railroad to Brunswick, and it was provided that this new portion should not 
be subject to the mortgage. The mortgaged portion of the road became the 
property of the mortgagees by foreclosure. May 11, 1865. They formed a new 
corporation, the Leeds and Farmington Railroad Company. The Androscoggin 
Railroad then extended from Leeds to Brunswick, covering the branch from 
Crowley's Junction to Lewiston. June 1, 1867, the Leeds and Farmington 
Railroad Company leased its road to the Androscoggin Railroad Company, 
which, June 29, 1871, gave a lease of its road for nine hundred and ninety-nine 
years to the Maine Central, and assigned to it its lease of the Leeds and 
Farminsrton road. This lease was later confirmed and extended to nine 
hundred and ninety-nine years by the company owning the road. 

Thus, in 1872, the Maine Central Company had long leases of the Portland 
and Kennebec Railroad, the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad, the Andros- 
coggin Railroad, and the Leeds and Farmington Railroad. By an act of 
February 7, 1872, these corporations were authorized to unite with the Maine 
Central in a mortgage to secure bonds issued by that company. The Maine 
Central now operates and controls in Maine, besides the above, the Newport 
and Dexter Railroad, the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad, the Eastern 
Maine, the European and North American, the Portland and Ogdensburg, 
the Knox and Lincoln, and the road from Bangor to Bar Harbor. The distance 
along some of these lines are : Portland to Vanceboro, 250.8 miles ; Cumber- 
land Junction to Waterville, 72.5 miles; Bath to Farmington, 71.2 miles; 
Crowley's to Lewiston, 4.7 miles; Waterville to Skowhegan, 18.2 miles; Belfast 
and Moosehead Lake Railroad, 33.1 miles; Dexter and Newport Railroad, 
14 miles; Eastern Maine Railroad, 18.8 miles; Bangor and Bar Harbor 
Railroad, 42.6 miles. 



Mail Routpis, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 97 



These roads have done a great work in opening the country, in developing 
manufacturing, and although the early stockholders were in most cases losers, 
and many difficulties attended tlie construction, to-day no section of the 
country has better shipping facilities or patronizes the railroads more. We 
fittingly close with an extract from the diary of one who noted some of the 
occurrences in railroading in its beginnings in this county. 

The Androscoggin branch of the Maine Central was opened to travel from Leeds 
Junction to Liverniore Falls, in November, 1852. The rolling stock consisted of one small 
engine, one baggage, and two passenger cars, also a few box and flat cars. There were 
no snow fences, and many hard times were experienced in getting through the snow. 
December 29, 1853, fifteen inches of snow fell, drifting so that no trains were run, and 
no trains were run December 30, but one managed to get through to Livermore Falls late 
in the afternoon of December 31st. Again, February 23, 1854, it commenced snowing at 
4 A.M., and continued all day. The train started from Leeds Junction at 10 a.m., and ran 
about three miles and got stuck in a drift, and as the engine was getting short of wood and 
water, the engineer left the cars and proceeded about two miles to Pettengill's crossing, 
where he filled the tender with water, carrying it in pails from the brook about ten rods. 
It was very cold and the men were covered with ice. As it was near night, the engineer 
concluded to stop there all night. The passengers, two ladies and three men, were obliged 
to stay in the cars two days and one night. Friday morning, the 24th, commenced 
shovelling out the track, and 2 p.m. got the engine down to the cars, and carried the 
ladies to Abram Wheeler's, then started toward Leeds Junction and arrived there at 
12 p.m. Saturday, February 25th, they left Leeds Junction at noon and went as far as 
North Leeds and stopped all night. February 26th they left North Leeds at 7 a.m., 
arrived at Livermore Falls at noon, and did not start again until Wednesday, March 1st. 
March 18th the train left Leeds Junction at 11 a.m., went about one mile, got stuck and 
returned. March 19. —Snowed all day. No trains over the road to-day. March 20. — 
Train left the Junction at noon and arrived at Livermore Falls at 5 p.m. March 24. — Two 
feet of snow fell. No trains over the road to-day. March 25. — Snow deep on the track. 
No trains to-day. March 26.— Very blustering. No trains to-day. March 27. — Very 
blustering. No train to-day. March 28-29-30-31. — No trains. April 1.— Train went down 
at 2 P.M. Sunday, April 2. — Trains made regular trips. December 9. — ^ Very blustering 
last night; train left Livermore Falls on time this morning with two engines, and when 
near Leeds Centre ran off the track and completely wrecked both engines and baggage 
car. Nobody was injured. The veteran Josiah Littlefleld was one of the engineers. 

January 19, 1855. —Snowed hard all day. No trains run 20th. Snow-plough with one 
engine left the junction at 12 m., got to Livermore Falls at 10 p.m., and returned to Leeds 
Junction same night. February 19, 1856. —Very blustering all day. No trains on the 
Androscoggin Railroad to-day. January 9, 1857. — Train run off the track; nobody injured; 
19th, snowed fast all day; no trains; 10th, train left Leeds Junction at 6.30 p.m. January 
22. — Snowed all day; 23d, fair and colder; no trains run to-day; 24th, train got to Leeds 
at 9.30 P.M. During the winter of 1858 there was but little snow and trains were run 
regularly all winter. Commenced running to East Wilton December 2Ist. January 1, 
1859. — Commenced snowing at 10 a.m., and continued all day. No trains up to-day. 
January 5. — Train with two engines left Leeds Junction for East Wilton at 2 p.m., and 
went as far as Leeds Center, and thinking that it would be impossible to get through, 
returned to Leeds Junction. Soon after they returned, Charles Garcelon, with an engine 
called the "old widow," and snow-plow came down. If the up train had not returned, 



98 History op Androscoggin County. 



undoubtedly there would have been a serious accident, as there was no telegraphic line, 
and the up train did not know that " the widow" was coming. After " the widow " had 
arrived at Leeds Junction, the two engines with passenger train left Leeds at 10 p.m. 
February 3.— John Kauflfer, engineer, burnt his mouth and throat so badly in blowing into 
a pet-cock which was frozen on his engine, that he died in a few hours. February 4.— 
Train went down at 8 p.m., and did not go up till 1 a.m., February 5th. February 10, 
I8G0. — Stormy and blustering all day. Train arrived at Curtis Corner at 2 p.m., out of 
water and wood, and was obliged to haul water about twenty rods in a hogshead with a 
yoke of oxen. Six passengers put up at S. Brewster's for the night. The engineer, Mr. 
Parker, stayed in his engine all night. The other train men stopped at S. Brewster's. 
February 11.— Got the engine fired up and started for Leeds Junction at 1.30 p.m., and 
returned to Farmington that night. January 16, 1861. — Snowed fast all day. No trains 
to-day. January 17. —No trains run. January 18. —Train got down at 7 p.m. February 
2. — Snow fell four inches last night, rained, and made a crust, and no trains were run 
to-day. Februarys. — Was called the cold Friday; thirty degrees below at sunrise and 
very windy. No trains run to-day. February 9. — No trains run to-day. February 21. — 
Cold and blustering. The morning train from Farmington got down to Leeds Junction at 
5 p.m., and returned that night. February 22. — Very blustering. No trains run to-day. 
February 23. — No trains run. January 2, 1862. — Cold and very blustering. Train went 
down but did not return till 10.30 p.m., January 3d. January 22. — Snowed all day. 
Train went down but did not return till Sunday morning, January 26th. January 27. — 
Train went down at 1.30 p.m., and did not return till 1 a.m., January 30th. 

Post-Offices and Postmasters. — The first post-office established in the 
limits of this county was Greene, April 1, 1796; the next was Lewiston, July 
15, 1799, We are indebted to researches made in the Post-Office Department 
at Washington, by Asa P. Knight for the Lewiston Journal, in 1882, for the 
following valuable compilation of postmasters and date of appointment on 
taking office. A few of the dates are approximative only. 

Auburn (established as Goff's Corner, changed to Lewiston Falls, July 18, 
1854, to Auburn, December 27, 1854). — James Goff, March 28, 1825; Edward 
Little, September 16, 1826; James Goff, Jr, February 24, 1835; Joseph D. 
Davis, June 6, 1849; Daniel G. Hall, March 30, 1853; Freeman Newell, 
November 28, 1853; Rufus Penley, May 29, 1858; Silvester Oakes, March 
19, 1861; Willard Small, August 24, 1866; Jonathan A. Hill, March 11, 
1867; Henry Little, July 18, 1868; Delance Young, April 28, 1885, John C. 
Blake, February 14, 1890. West Auhurn (established as Nason's Mills, 
changed to Auburn, March 5, 1842, to West Auburn, December 27, 1854). — 
Palfrey Lane, March 20, 1833; Enoch Littlefield, July 3, 1834; Nathaniel 
Small, February 9, 1839; Enoch Littlefield, October 20, 1840; Samuel H. 
Pickard, November 9, 1842; Enoch Littlefield, December 22, 1842; George 
Ricker, Jr, February 1, 1850; Apollos C. Howard, March 7, 1860; George 
Ricker, August 5, 1861; Henry M. Packard, December 15, 1862; John M. 
Perry, December 11, 1871; E. S. Crafts, October 2, 1884. Hast Auburn.— 
John C. Briggs, July 2, 1844; discontinued July 2, 1845; re-established with 
same postmaster, December 24, 1849; Stillman T. Allen, April 10, 1863; C. 



Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 99 

White, December 3, 1863; John C. Briggs, August 13, 1866; Charles 
Withington, October 30, 1866; William K. Vickery, December 13, 1866; Alvin 
Waterman, July 7, 1871; David A. Whitman, March 8, 1882; Charles F. 
Curtis, July 1, 1889. North Auharn (established as Center Minot, changed 
to present name June 7, 1845). — Oliver Pollard, December 19, 1825; Stephen 
Packard, February 13, 1835; Oliver Pollard, June 18, 1841; Stephen Packard, 
June 7, 1845; Joseph Keitli, July 14, 1849; Isaac Osgood, May 19, 1853; 
Levi Perry, October 3, 1857; Isaac Osgood, January 6, 1862. Auburn 
Plains. — F. A. Allen, commissioned postmaster June 5, 1889; office opened 
July 1st. South Auhurn (established as West Danville, changed to present 
name, March 10, 1868). — Joseph S. Foster, March 11, 1850; discontinued 
November 13, 1850; re-established with same postmaster, December 16, 1850; 
Samuel Hicks, June 30, 1852; Brackett Marston, December 29, 1853; William 
Freeman, October 6, 1859; Joseph W. Foster, August 16, 1864; Israel T. 
Merrill, March 14, 1866; Quade L. Allen, January 25, 1875; John R. Pulsifer, 
February 11, 1875; Loring Lovejoy, October 13, 1882; J. G. Dexter, 
November, 1883. South DanviUe. — Emerson Bowie, March 27, 1886; Mrs. A. 
M. Bowie, December 30, 1886. Danville. — Moses Rowe, February 13, 1822; 
Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, May 15, 1826; Jeremiah Stinchfield, November 13, 
1850; Oliver Waterman, May 17, 1860; Nathaniel G. Sturgis, November 
14, 1861; Oliver D. Stinchfield, October 7, 1864; Harriet W. Ingersoll, 
December 10, 1866; S. S. Waterhouse, December 7, 1885; P. M. Austin, 
August 20, 1888; C. A. Leonard, April 12, 1890; Charles Thurston, 
December, 1890. 

Durham (established as South West Bend, changed to Durham, September 
3, 1849). — Joseph Merrill, December 17, 1835; Rufus Jordan, December 5, 
1837; JamesStrout,Jr, April 2, 1840; William L. Harmon, June 3, 1841 ; Rufus 
Jordan, June 7, 1845; James Strout, Jr, March 31, 1846; Emery S. Warren, 
June 27, 1849; James Strout, Jr, March 30, 1853; E. S. Warren, August 10, 
1858; Henry Fitz, September 6, 1861; James H. Eveleth, March 21, 1862; 
George E. Warren, September 24,1885; Marcus W. Eveleth, June 26,1890. 
West Durham (established as Durham, changed to West Durham, September 
3, 1849). — Thomas Freeman, December 16, 1818; Alvan Robinson, November 
26, 1819; Job Sylvester, 3d, March 15, 1822; Aaron Turner, January 24, 
1831 ; Benjamin M. Moses, April 7, 1835 ; Ward Bonney, July 24, 1835 ; Alvena 
Moses, December 21, 1838; Joshua Lambert, August 24, 1839; William G. Hoyt, 
June 3, 1841; Job P. Sylvester, January 7, 1847; William G. Hoyt, September 
6,1849; Elisha Strout, March 30,1853; Job P. Sylvester, March 31, 1854; 
Simon W. Miller, December 4, 1861; Charles W. Harding, February 4, 1865; 
Charles G. Burgess, March 30, 1868 ; Nathan Bangs, June 24, 1870 ; Christopher 
Moses, October 22, 1878; Nathan Bangs, December 17, 1878; Charles D. Dow, 
October 3, 1881; Samuel W. Wilson, November 7, 1881; F. M. Soper, June 



100 History of Androscoggin County. 



1, 1884; R. A. Rich, October 25, 1887. Garcelon's Ferry. — O. S. Libby, 
November, 1885; soon discontinued. South Durham. — Thomas Tuttle, 
February 19, 1830; Thomas Estes, September 5, 1835; Francis A. B. Hussey, 
June 3, 1841; John Collins, January 17,1843; Thomas Estes, June 7,1845; 
Amos F. Lunt, May 29, 1849; Alfred Gatchell, March 30, 1853; Jeremiah G. 
Duran, April 26,1855; George Tuttle, August 12, 1801; Thomas C. Pinkham, 
January 26, 1866; Charles C. Smith, October 17, 1873; Amos F. Lunt, 
October 14, 1885. 

G-reene (established as Greene, changed to Greene Depot, December 10, 
1849, and to Greene, May 3, 1851). — Benjamin Merrill, April 1, 1796; Luther 
Bobbins, March 13, 1804; Alfred Pierce, September 17, 1840; Nathaniel 
Robbins, August 2, 1841; Alfred Pierce, August 16, 1843; George H. Dear- 
born, September 29, 1849; William C. Dow, May 3, 1851; Nathaniel Harris, 
April 23, 1853; Erastus H. Morse, November 27, 1860; Everett L. Mower, Jan- 
uary 14, 1863; H. W. Gamage, July 15, 1886; Everett L. Mower, November 
16, 1889. Greene Corner (established as Greene, changed to present name. 
May 3, 1851). — Elijah Barrell, December 10, 1849; Alfred Pierce, April 10, 
1853; Albion Pierce, May 8, 1860; Franciana Pratt, July 13, 1863. North 
Greene (established June 18, 1883). — Z. A. Gilbert, present incumbent 
commissioned first postmaster. 

Leeds. — Solomon Lothrop, August 27, 1822; Giddings Lane, Jr, June 17, 
1829; Joseph Scammon, April 19,1830; Stillman Howard, May 10, 1834; J. 
W. L. Mitchell, August 18, 1837; Thomas W. Bridghara, April 18, 1840; 
Franklin B. Leonard, July 10, 1841; Issacher Lane, July 19, 1845; Isaac 
T. Boothby, April 9, 1849; Solomon T. Lothrop, June 6, 1853; Green G. 
More, October 7, 1864; Charles H. Lane, January, 28, 1868; Albert Knight, 
January 30, 1880; Willard Lothrop, May 10, 1880; W. L. Francis, March 
22, 1886. EfM Leeds. — Stephen Day, August 5, 1840; discontinued, October 
8, 1842. North Leeds. ~V^?i\iQ\: Foss, January 28, 1826; Reuel Foss, March 5, 
1842; Thomas C. Foss, August 7, 1861; Jason Woodman, December 20, 1871; 
Louisa M. Woodman, December 10, 1880; Charles A. Whitehouse, August 
18, 1888. South Leeds. — Martin Leonard, June 6, 1826; Franklin B. Leonard, 
August 27, 1828; Joshua S. Turner, December 5, 1838; Oscar D. Turner, July 
27,1840; John Gilmore, July 10, 1841; Salmon A. Wing, August 16,1843; 
Ormand T. Wing, June 2, 1856; William Wing, March 10, 1863; Sanford Gil- 
bert, May 19, 1863; James L. Bates, January 2, 1865; Duane S. Wing, March 
12, 1867; Greenleaf Parker, January 18, 1876; Lois V. Parker, August 3, 1887. 
West Leeds. — Jonas P. Lee, April 10, 1828; Perez S. Jennings, November 15, 
1828; discontinued, April 18, 1840; established with Gessius F. Jennings, 
postmaster, February 24, 1866; Stephen R. Deane, April 28, 1868; G. A. Jen- 
nings, May 2, 1883; Roscoe E. Swain, June 30, 1888. Curtis Corner. — Salmon 
Brewster, January 22, 1853; H. M. Brewster, December 10, 1887. 



Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 101 

LewiMon. — Dixn Read, July 15, 1799; William R. Frye, December 9, 1839; 
Mark Lowell, May 24, 1842; Nelson B. Reynolds, February 26, 1846; John 
Smith, February 26, 1849; Oliver Herrick, June 15, 1849; John Herrick, July 
26, 1852; William R. Frye, March 5, 1853 ; Joseph P. Fessenden, April 17, 1861 ; 
George A. Parker, June 7, 1870; Horace C. Little, January 30, 1879; Charles 
Walker, April 1, 1887; William T. Smart, April 1, 1891. South Lewiston.— 
Joseph Daniels, September 16, 1867; Benjamin F. Morrell, August 27, 1874; 
Albert B. Clark, June 12, 1879; Andrew J. Hinkley, July 26, 1880; H. W. 
Knowles, September 26, 1882. 

Lisbon (established as Factoryville, changed to Lisbon, December 6, 
1834). — Robert Jack, October 3,1823; Samuel Moody, June 23, 1832; Benja- 
min Burgess, February 8, 1836; Joshua Gerrish, October 26,1838; Reuben 1). 
Rand, May 28, 1856; Levi T. Coombs, November 7, 1857; Cliarles B. Jordan, 
January 6, 1862; Charles W. Gerrish, April 7, 1873; Hannah W. Gerrish, 
January 6, 1880; J. M. Corbett, July 31, 1885; Alfred E. Jordan, August 10, 
1889. Lisbon Falls (established as Little River Village, changed to present 
name, February 20, 1865). — William P. Davis, December 14, 1818; Ezekiel 
Thompson, February 3, 1819; Joseph Cowing, March 30, 1832; Josiah Lane, 
December 11, 1834; Moses Tibbetts, February 17, 1842; James Booker, 
August 19, 1845 ; Jedediah Moulton, December 23,1845; Warren A. Bibber, 
January 29, 1853; Aaron I. West, March 29, 1853; John O. Tracy, November 
29, 1855; John H. Coombs, November 6, 1858; Seth P. Grossman, July 2, 
1861; Samuel Crowell, February 4, 1868; Horace C. White, April 8, 1869; 
George W. Coombs, July 24, 1874; George Plummer, January 22, 1883; John 
H. Coombs, October 28,1885; George Plummer, November 9, 1889. Lisbon 
OeMter. — John W. Jordan, August 4, 1884; A. K. P. Edwards, August 15, 1888. 

Last Livermore. — Francis F. Haines, October 8, 1822; William B. Small, 
February 9, 1839; F. F. Haines, June 30, 1841; William B. Small, March 2, 
1846; F. F. Haines, August 15, 1851; William B. Small, March 2, 1852; 
Francis Morrill, January 11, 1854; Jonathan Lovejoy, July 7, 1854; Elisha B. 
Lovejoy, June 29, 1863; Jonathan Lovejoy, April 25, 1865; Amos Hobbs, 
December 24, 1867; Francis J. Folsom, September 24, 1868; Caleb P. Brown, 
February 29, 1876; Francis J. Folsom, August 12, 1878; Mrs. Ellen M. 
Folsom, January 5, 1886. East Livermore Mills (changed from Brown's Mills, 
January 19, 1872). — Eli N. Berry, January 5, 1872; W. A. Francis, April 1, 
1886; Eli N. Berry, May 1, 1889. Livermore J^a/^s. — Elisha Pettengill, 
December 21, 1830; Nathaniel Mayo, July 13, 1841; David Hale, April 2, 
1844; Oliver Pettingill, August 22, 1845; Comfort Pettingill, March 7, 1848; 
Stillman Reed, July 1, 1861; Alvin Record, June 22, 1870; W. S. Treat, 
September 14, 1885; J. F. Jefferds, September 19, 1889. 

Livermore (Brettun's Mills). — Benjamin Prescott, April 1, 1807; Benja- 
min Bradford, September 30, 1809; Isaac Strickland, March 27, 1825; William 



102 History of Androscoggin County. 



H. Brettun, December 12, 1838; Doribus Morrison, May 11, 1842; G. W. C. 
Washburn, June 11, 1844 ; David Leavitt, February 2, 1849 ; Isaac Strickland, 
June 4, 1852; William Child, January 7, 1853; Samuel H. Morse, September 
20, 1856; Lee Strickland, March 13, 1858; Lamont O. Stevens, August 2, 1862; 
Augustus H. Strickland, September 25, 1869; Oliver P. Stevens, October 29, 
1869; Lamont O. Stevens, July 7, 1870; George T. Piper, July 31, 1871; A. 
H. Strickland, May 3, 1876; George T. Piper, October 1, 1878; Roscoe G. 
Goding, May 17, 1885; W. F. Fuller, September 23, 1886. m-ickJands 
Ferry. — Solomon Millett, December 10, 1853; Leonard Knight, December 23, 
1861; David P. Hodgdon, November 25, 1863; Alonzo P. Russell, August 9, 
1865; Alpheus E. Guild, April 13, 1866; George F. Piper, March 27, 1867; 
John R. Millett, September 1, 1868; Russell B. Hersey, May 11, 1869; John 
R. Millett, August 28, 1871 ; R. B. Hersey, January 5, 1874 ; Charles A. Libby, 
May 13, 1875; Frank H. Sawtelle, May 3, 1877 ; Albert Caswell, December 
11, 1877; George D. Emery, March 21, 1878; N. H. Sawtelle, February 20, 
1886. Livermore Ce7iter. — John L. Wyman, June 21, 1839; Abner Moore, 
November 30, 1841; Alvan C. Harlovi^, February 5, 1856; Joseph Baird, July 
22, 1859; Alvan C. Harlow, September 20, 1860; John W. Bigelow, July 17, 
1873; John L. Cummings, April 6, 1877; Frank B. Bigelow, July 19, 1882; 
John L. Cummings, January 1, 1883; W. Carver, July 15, 1885; John L. 
Cummings, January, 1888. North Livermore. — Reuel Washburn, May 5, 
1824 ; Jesse Stone, January 29, 1830 ; Reuel Washburn, December 13, 1841 ; 
George D. Norton, January 22, 1847 ; Matthew M. Stone, December 26, 1849 ; 
Ephraim M. Steadman, February 4, 1858; Samuel P. Holman, March 10, 
1860; Seth D. Washburn, May 31, 1861; George D. Norton, December 8, 
1862; Augustus W. Coolidge, December 4, 1865 ; George Q. Gammon, July 27, 
1868; Roscoe G. Godding, April 20, 1870; A. W. Coolidge, September 
26, 1877; C. F. Roberts, October 23, 1888; Hattie L. Coolidge, March 19, 
1889. South Livermore. — George F. Chase, August 19, 1856; Elbridge G. 
Bryant, January 31, 1857; discontinued from May 8, 1858, to May 24, 1858; 
Joi) Chase, May 24, 1858 ; George F. Chase, June 18, 1877; William S. Moore, 
November 8, 1878; Mrs. M. F. Norton, November 1, 1889. 

Minot (called Minot or Poland indiscriminately until Poland office was 
established, April 8,1816). — Samuel Swett, January 1, 1801; Daniel Cash, 
October 1, 1804; Nathan P. Woodbury, October 1, 1805; Ebenezer Simonton, 
May 3, 1813; William H. Woodbury, January 2, 1818; Nathan L. Woodbury, 
Novend^er 2, 1832; Jabez C. Woodman, July 20, 1841; Nathan P. Woodbury, 
December 23, 1843; Willard H. Woodbury, June 29, 1847; William Dale, 
June 28, 1849; Josiah D. Pulsifer, March 30, 1853; John Freeman, Jr, 
November 14, 1854; Cyrus Green, December 11, 1855; Abeiza S. Freeman, 
January 28, 1857; Seth M. Milliken, January 6, 1862; Joseph Freeman, 



Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 103 

December 26, 1862; Lyman M. Cousens, September 18, 1865; William H. 
Rounds, July 27, 1868 ;• Rebecca F. Rounds, December 10, 1880. Mechanic 
Falls. — Samuel F. Waterman, October 27, 1841; Jacob Dwinal, July 21, 
1845; Samuel Carr, May 2, 1849; Merrill W. Stront, July 7, 1851; Alexander 
B. Dwinal, February 24, 1853; Charles K. Smith, July 2, 1856; Samuel F. 
Waterman, June 26, 1861; Oliver B. Dwinal, October 8, 1866; Joseph Buck- 
nam, April 8, 1869; Jason Hall, July 19, 1869; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1883; 
Frank A. Millett, February 22, 1887; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1891. West 
iUfmof. — Calvin Bridgham, February 9, 1825; William Lowell, June 3, 1841; 
Levi Whittemore, July 21, 1845; Calvin Bridgham, August 15, 1846; William 
Lowell, April 23, 1840; David B. Sawyer, March 30, 1853; Joshua Parsons, 
June 23, 1856; Gideon Bearce, September 16, 1861; L. Y. Millett, December 
10, 1885; Gideon Bearce, July 1, 1889. East Minot. — Martin Leavitt, 
December 25, 1827; discontinued April 9, 1835; John A. Dunning, September 
7, 1839; discontinued April 3, 1842. 

Poland. — Robert Waterman, April 8, 1816; James Hackett, June 7, 1817; 
Jabez True, Jr, November 8, 1819; Josiah Jordan, May 16, 1823; David 
Dunn, December 12, 1838; William Cousens, June 29, 1841; David Dunn, 
June 7, 1845; Freeland Marble, July 29, 1845; David Dunn, December 30, 
1847; William Cousens, September 28, 1849; George Bridgham, March 30, 
1853; Otis West, December 21, 1854; David Dunn, September 25, 1856; 
Cyrus Briggs, September 10, 1857; Charles Lane, June 18, 1861; Levi N. 
Estes, October 24, 1865; Charles Lane, June 17, 1867; George E. Houghton, 
March 31, 1871; Charles Lane, October 3, 1872; Sumner I. Rowe, July 22, 
1880. Charles Rowe, July 27, 1883. East Po?aw(7. — Reuben B. Dunn, Jan- 
uary 28, 1834; discontinued June 29, 1836; Jonas W. Strout, June 23, 1837; 
discontinued April 22, 1842; Gilman Martin, September 4, 1849; Jonas W. 
Strout, September 21, 1855; William H. Rounds, December 23, 1861 ; Luther 
B. Knight, September 18, 1865; Agnes M. Walker, January 8, 1872; Daniel 
W. Bailey, May 14, 1877. South Poland. — Yiiv am Ricker, June 4, 1862. 
WortUe ij. — YiixmlQt L. Bass, August 8, 1882; Charles S. Strout, September 20, 
1882; discontinued November 17, 1884. West Poland. — Jolm Megquier, May 
19,1837; James H. Fernald, September 25, 1845; William M. Perkins, June 
15, 1852; Francis Storer, January 11, 1854; Oren S. Keene, January 18, 1870; 
George O. Goodwin, December 29, 1871; Silas A. Megquier, January 14, 1881; 
George O. Goodwin, November 4, 1885 ; Silas A. Megquier, April 10, 1889. 

Turner (established as Turner Village, changed to Turner, February 4, 
1826).— William K. Porter, July 19, 1824; Philo Clark, October 8, 1834; 
John Blake, July 10, 1841; Hiram Clark, December 2, 1844; John Blake, June 
16,1849; Hiram Clark, March 9, 1852; Philo Clark, May 22, 1858; Hira 
Bradford, Jr, April 18, 1861; Mellen A. Bearce, April 2, 1869; William L. 



104 History of Androscoggin County. 

Bonney, February 4, 1881; Walter B. Irish, October 1,1885; James P. Water- 
man, June 14, 1889. Emt Turner (originally Turner, changed February 4, 
1826). — Ichabod Bonney, 1804; Alden Blossom, March 15, 1814; discontinued 
March 22, 1839. Turner An(h-os('o</</m post-office was changed to Uai<f 
Turner, July 10, 1839. Postmasters from establishment are : Ezekiel Martin, 
February 10, 1832; John W. Webster, December 18, 1855; James D. Gilbert, 
September 18, 1860; Rutelius S. Coolidge, April 23, 1873; John W. Webster, 
April 23, 1877; Warren Webster, November 18, 1881. Chases MiUs. — Solon 
Chase, December 18, 1874. /^'outh Turner. — Charles H. Barrell, January 25, 
1875; Mrs. Laura C. Barrell, March 31, 1887; William D. Barrell, February 
20, 1889. Turner Center. — Lewis P. Bradford, February 14, 1873. Keens 
Mills (changed from Keen's Mills to Aqua Mills, January 30, 1880, and again 
to Keen's Mills, P'ebruary 24, 1880). — William A. Andrews, February 7, 1873 ; 
Augustus R. Gilmore, January 30, 1880; William A. Andrews, February 24, 
1880; Fred B. Wing, February 18, 1886. JSTorth Turner. — Timothy Howe, 
December 12, 1825; Cornelius T. Richardson, January 14, 1828; William B. 
Bray, November 16, 1836; Samuel B. Holt, July 28, 1841; Jesse Drew, 
December 4, 1844; discontinued July 21, 1845; Isaac Strickland, April 14, 
1846; Samuel B. Holt, January 19, 1849; Deering Farrar, October 31, 1855; 
Lewis A. Farrar, April 7, 1856; Eland Fuller, November 7, 1864; William W. 
House, March 11, 1872; Lewis A. Farrar, March 19, 1874. North Turner 
Bridge. — Lee Strickland, December 30, 1830; Church P. Leavitt, July 13, 
1833 ; Lewis J. Pollard, August 15; 1851 ; Jonas E. Greenwood, December 

9, 1852; Sylvester S. Whitman, March 31, 1854; David Morse, Sep- 
tember 25, 1856; Zenas Lane, February 13, 1857; discontinued July 

10, 1857; Albert Winsliip, May 10, 1858; Albert Barker, April 24, 
1865; Samuel B. Wing, December 20, 1'871 ; Albert Barker, August 27, 
1874; W. W. Hobbs, April 30, 1883; Goodwin C. Caswell, April 16, 1886; S. 
Houghton, January 17, 1889. Howe's Corner. — Established May 4, 1891, 
George D. Humphrey, postmaster. 

Wales. — Arthur N. Given, November 3, 1824; Arthur Given, January 18, 
1S36; Elizabeth Given, November 15, 1875; Alden Moulton, April 5,1876; 
Hattie L. Given, Marcli 15, 1886. ihst Wales. — S.imwal Potter, December 
23, 1856; Josei)h G. liragg, December 4, 1857; Llewellyn S. Ham, January 30, 
1860; Maria N. Ham, September 6, 1876; Mary E. Ham, November 20, 1876; 
W. E. Hinckley, Sei)tember 28, 1881. Leedx Junetion (changed from Leeds 
Station, March 15, 1859). — George Beals, April 15, 1850; J. B. Brackett, 
December 3, 1883; J. W. llicker, May 8, 1891. 

Webster (first Lisbon Four Corners, changed to Lisbon, August 8, 1832, to 
Lisbon Center, December 6, 1834, to Webster, June 22, 1841). — James Small, 
February 6, 1819; Samuel Heath, February 14, 1823; Nathan C. Fletcher, July 
17, 1832, Amos Dwinal, July 27, 18.33; PJiilip M. Garcelon, March 29, 1836; 



Military Affairs. 105 



Samuel Cushmaii, July 3, 1851; Albert J. Larrabee, December 28, 1869; 
George B. Smith, February 24,1880; Frederick Blethen, April 2, 1880 ; George 
B. Smith, June 1, 1885; C. K. Donnell, October 1, 1887; C. A. Owen, August 
1,1889. iSW^rt^^Hs.— James Weymouth, December 21, 1831; John L. Cutter, 
February 21, 1842; Jacob Hill, June 22, 1844; Daniel Gary, April 11, 1849; 
Retiah D. Jones, June 16, 1853; Stetson L. Hill, November 9, 1857; Bradford 
D. Farnham, April 11, 1860; Isaac N. Davis, April 7, 1871; Cyprian C. 
Crockett, September 15, 1876; Seth H. Wilkins, March 27, 1879; B. F. 
Dennison, September 25, 1885; Edwin Woodside, November 13, 1889; did 
not take office until July 1, 1890. 



CHAPTER X. 



MILITARY AFFAIRS. 



Maine Regiments in the Civil War — The Soldiers of Androscoggin County — The Grand 
Army Posts and Associate Bodies. 

Not in his battles won, 
Tho' long the well-fought fields may keep their name, 
But in the wide world's sense of duty done. 
The gallant soldier finds the meed of fame; 

His life no struggle for ambition's prize, 
Simply the duty done that in him lies. 

— Melville Weston Fuller. 

IN THIS chapter prepared to commemorate the men of this county who 
took part in the great work of preserving federal unity and national honor 
in the great Civil War, we have compiled a brief record of the service of 
each military organization sent from Maine, with a list of its membership 
credited to this county, copying their names from the adjutant-general's 
reports, and carefully revising this list. So lofty was the devotion of those 
who died, so honorable the services of those who survived, that only the most 
complete and exhaustive record can do their deeds and their memory justice, 
while so inadequate are sources of information that many errors of omission 
must necessarily occur to pain survivors or do seeming injustice to gallant 
men. There are inevitable inaccuracies in the official records made in 
. times of haste, excitement, and confusion, and names and residences were 



106 History of Androscoggin County. 



often misunderstood and improperly recorded. Through irregularity in trans- 
mission of enlistments to the adjutant-general, the records are incomplete, 
and in many cases must remain so. We are largely indebted for the his- 
torical sketches of the regiments and other organizations to the reports of 
the commanding officers published at various times in the adjutant-general's 
reports and to "Maine in the War," which has preserved much of value. 

Androscoggin county furnished 3,812 soldiers for the Civil War, and paid 
in bounties 1529,437; Auburn paying 165,275, Danville $28,136, Lewiston 
$113,821, Durham 133,165, Lisbon $37,795, Minot $32,487, Poland $45,230, 
Turner $62,470. 

First Infantry Reii'iment. — This was organized April 28, 1861, and 
mustered into the United States service at Portland, May 3, for three 
months. Each one who enlisted expected to be sent at once into active 
service. The field officers were : Nathaniel J. Jackson, of Lewiston, colonel ; 
Albion Witham, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel ; George G. Bailey, of 
Portland, major. Companies F (Lewiston Light Infantry) and H (Auburn 
Artillery) were militia companies of excellent discipline and drill. Company 
K, the other company raised in this county, contained raw recruits. 

The act of the legislature authorizing enlistments was approved April 23, 
1861. At a meeting held on the evening of that day, Charles S. Emerson, 
lieutenant of Auburn Artillery, headed the list of volunteers, and is said to be 
the first person to enlist in Maine. The First went into Camp Washburn at 
Westbrook, and here it was reviewed by Governor Washburn. Sickness 
breaking out among the men the regiment did not leave the state until 
June 1, when it was ordered to Washington. Along the entire route it 
received marked attention. Flags were presented to it in Boston and New 
York. Li Baltimore it marched along the route where the Sixth Massachu- 
setts was assaulted on the 19th, and preparations were made for battle; but no 
demonstrations were made by the citizens, although the streets were crowded. 
Going into camp at Washington, its drill, order, and general efficiency elicited 
much praise and caused it to be kept for the defense of the city, and it 
was soon given the post of honor as guard of the Long Bridge. Here it 
did good work until its term of service expired, July 31. It was mustered 
out of United States service at Portland, August 5, 1861, and the men 
discharged from serving the remainder of their two-years' enlistment in the 
state service. 

Many of the soldiers re-enlisted, and the non-commissioned officers and 
rank and file furnished numerous officers for other regiments. Colonel 
Jackson became colonel of the Fifth ; Adjutant Fillebrown, lieutenant-colonel 
of the Tenth ; Captain Emerson and Lieutenants Knowlton, Nye, and Shaw, 
captains in the Tenth ; and Lieutenant Johnson, adjutant of the Seventh. 



Military Affairs. 



107 



ROSTER. 



Nathaniel J. Jackson, CoL, 
James S. Fillebrown, Adjt, 
Foster Randall, Serg. Maj., 
Stephen H. Manning, Q. M. 
promoted Q. M., Fifth Maine, 
Cyrus Freeman, Fife Maj., 
Wellington Dwiual, B, 
Joseph Q. Edmunds, B, 
John Fandy, B, 
H. H. Hutchinson, A, 
Charles E. Harris, B, 
A. H. Hutchinson, B, 
Levi F. Jordan, B, 
Hiram B. King, A, 
William Clark, D, 
Franklin Dyer, D, 
Jesse T. Stevens, Capt., F, 
William Knowlton, Lieut, F, 
.John H. Ferguson, Serg., F, 
Marvin L. Blood, Serg., F, 
Isaac S. Faunce, Serg., F, 
Harrison A. Cook, Serg., P, 
Charles H. Moore, Corp., F, 
Edward S. Butler, Corp., F, 
Edgar M. Eustis, Corp., F, 
Almon J. Gardner, Corp., F, 
Edward P. Carman, Mus., F, 
Augustus C. Annis, F, 
Zelind W. Annis, F, 
George Abbot, F, 
George W. Brown, F, 
Gilbert V. Bangs, F, 
Charles A. Beals, F, 
Alonzo M. Bartlett, P, 
Hardy W. Baker, F, 
Charles H. Bowker, F, 
Daniel W. Burnham, F, 
John Blake, 2d, F, 
Lewis Carvill, F, 
Daniel J. Chandler, F, 
Nicholas Curran, F, 
Frank B. Dakin, F, 
Abraham G. Durell, F, 
Charles B. Dean, F, 
William Forbes, F, 
Charles R. Foster, F, 
Bradley F. Gurney, F, 
George H. Gould, F, 
Stephen Graffam, F, 
Charles W. Heney, F, 
Enoch L. Hall, F, 
Theodore V. Hill, F, 
Charles H. Haskell, F, 
David Jones, F, 
Andrew Jackson, F, 
Samuel W. Lovell, F, 



Serg., 



Lewiston 


James Lowe, F, 
Samuel S. Mann, F, 
Hosea S. Mace, F, 
Albion K. P. Neal, F, 
Luther Oliver, F, 
Chester C. Pearson, F, 


Lewiston 


Poland 


James G. Preble, F, 
Edward L. Prindall, F, 


>> 


„ 


William Price, F, 


)> 


,, 


Abel G. Rankin, F, 


11 


,, 


Charles H. Reed, F, 


>» 


„ 


Samson H. Stover, F, 




„ 


Hiram S. Stewart, F, 


Greene 


,, 


John Knowles, F, 


„ 


Lewiston 


Isaiah S. Stevens, F, 


Auburn 


Danville 


Joseph T. Stockbridge, F, 


,, 


Lewiston 


Robert C. Thayer, F, 


Turner 


,, 


John A. Trufant, F, 


Lewiston 


,, 


Andrew J. Thompson, F, 


,, 


„ 


Charles H. Whitney, F, 


„ 


„ 


Orrin Dwinal,G, 


Poland 


,, 


Alonzo H. Snell, G, 


M 


„ 


Albion K. Snell, G, 




,, 


Hiram P. Bailey, G, 


Mi not 


,, 


George H. Fuller, G, 


Li verm ore 


Durham 


George W. Field, G, 


" 


Lewiston 


Joseph F. Raynes, G, 
Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H, 


Auburn 


>> 


James C. Fulsom, Lieut, H, 


» 


,, 


Phineas W. Dill, Lieut, H, 


II 


„ 


James Dingley, Jr, Serg., H, 


II 


„ 


Aaron T. Frost, Serg., H, 


,, 


„ 


Horace Wright, Serg., H, 


,, 


„ 


Royal A. Bray, Serg., H, 


Turner 


„ 


John O. Kidder, Corp., H, 


Auburn 


Auburn 


Albert B. Furbish, Corp., H, 


jj 


Lewiston 


Jabez M. Hogan, Corp., H, 


Lewiston 


Turner 


George A. Warren, Mus., H, 


,, 


Lewiston 


Eleazer B. Atwood, H, 


Poland 




Charles R. Anderson, H, 


Lewiston 




James L. Barker, H, 


,, 




Thomas R. Beal, H, 


Durham 




William W. Bailey, H, 


,, 




Benjamin M. Bradbury, H, 


Auburn 




Alex B. Conant, H, 


,, 




George B. Coburn, H, 


Lewiston 




Dennett Cotton, H, 


Auburn 




Thomas H. Cotton, H, 


,, 




Timothy DriscoU, H, 


Lewiston 




James T. Doyle, H, 


,, 




Daniel P. Eaton, H, 


Auburn 




Stephen R. Estes, H, 


Lewiston 




Albert W. Freeman, H, 


Minot 




Henry W. Furbush, H, 


Lewiston 




Harrison B. Green, H, 


Auburn 




William H. Gordon, H, 


„ 



108 



History of Androscoggin County. 



George W. Harradon, H, 
Washington F. Harradon, H, 
Charles E. Harradon, H, 
George B. Haley, H, 
David A. Jumper, H, 
George F. Joy, H, 
Isaiah Kimhall, H, 
Roscoe J. Kidder, H, 
William R. Little, H, 
Sullivan Luce, H, 
Nathaniel Lovejoy Jr, H, 
Lemout Manning, H, 
Charles P. Miller, H, 
Charles S. Merrill, H, 
Chandler Nason, H, 
George H. Parker, H, 
Jabez Pratt, H, 
Andrew J. Royall, H, 
Churchill S. Stevens, H, 
IMiineas W. Skinner, H, 
Josiah Stone, H, 
Sidney Small, H, 
William M. Savage, H, 
Samuel L. Stevens, H, 
John S. Turner, H, 
Nathaniel R. Turner, H, 
James H. Tunks, H, 
Augustus White, H, 
Philip Witham, H, 
Benjamin F. Hicks, I, 
Silas B. Osgood, Capt., K, 
Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K, 
George H. Nye, Lieut, K, 
John B. Cook, Serg., K, 
Benjamin A. Howard, Serg., K, 
Edwin Robbins, Serg , K, 
Richard W. Stewart, Serg., K, 
Ethelbert C. Caswell, Corp., K, 
James Layden, Corp., K, 
Asa J. Cole, Corp., K, 
John R. Morrill, Corp., K, 
Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K, 
Henry Ash ton , K, 



Auburn 


Andrew Bubier, K,. 


Webster 


„ 


James R. Braley, K, 


Lewiston 


„ 


Ivory Brown, K, 


„ 


Lisbon 


George W. Bickford, K. 


,, 


Lewiston 


Albert L. Bolan, K, 


,, 


Lisbon 


Frederick N. Baker, K, 
Ellsworth A. Brown, K, 


" 


Turner 


Houghton Bond, K, 


,, 


Auburn 


Hiram Cord well, K, 


,, 


Lisbon 


Elmer Chipman, K, 


Poland 


Greene 


Nathan Herrick, K, 


,, 


Lewiston 


Jordan G. Carville, K, 


Lewiston 


Auburn 


Benjamin A. Eaton, K, 


Greene 


Durham 


James B. Ford, K, 


Lewiston 


Auburn 


Joseph F. Goss, K, 


,, 


Durham 


George F. Hodgdon, K, 


Livermore 


Greene 


Almond L. Goss, K, 


Danville 


Danville 


James Guiney, K, 


Lewiston 


Auburn 


Ambrose E. Hammond, K, 


,, 


Poland 


James Hedon, K, 


,, 


Lewiston 


Charles H. Jumper, K, 


,, 


Auburn 


Leonard Jepson, K, 
Albert E. Kingsley, K, 
Augustus K. Lane, K, 


" 


Lewiston 


Frederic S. Myrick, K, 


,, 


,, 


Richard McCarthy, K, 


Auburn 


Auburn 


Jonathan Nash, K, 


,, 


,, 


James E. Osgood, K, 


Lewiston 


Lewiston 


James Onias, K, 


,, 


Lewiston 


Manassah Pettingill, K, 
Charles W. Smith, K, 
Llewellyn Sawyer, K, 
James Smith, K, 
Philip H. Tarr, K, 
Charles E. Taylor, K, 
James E. Tarr, K, 
Reuben Viele, K, 
Elias S. Webber, K, 
Melvin Woodcock, K, 
Michael Welch, K, 
John A. Willard, K, 


" 


,, 


Lewis Gordon, H, 


Poland 


,, 


Frank C. Adams, K, 


Auburn 



Seeond Infantry Rcf/imfnt. — This was rendezvoused at Bangor, and left the 
state May 14, 18(31. It was organized at Long Island, N. Y., May 28, 1861, to 
serve two and three years. Charles D. Jameson was colonel; Charles W. 
Roberts, lieutenant-colonel ; George Varney, major; all of Bangor. 

July 1 the Second joined the Army of Virginia at Falls Church, and on 
July 21 did distinguished service at Bull Run. "The Second, in its two- 
years' enlistment, saw an amount of service that would put to the blush 
many of the veteran troops of the old world. It was engaged in eleven bloody 
and hard-fought battles and numerous skirmishes, always distinguishing itself^ 
and never received the slightest word of censure from the higher commanding 



Military Affairs. 



101 > 



officers. It had a i-ecord second to none from the state. Its tedious marches 
were cheerfully sustained, and it never wearied, never faltered, never mur- 
mured, but at all times, even in its most desperate engagements, faithfully and 
unflinchingly performed its duty." The two-years' men were mustered out 
June 9, i860, and the others transferred to the Twentieth. 

Colonel Jameson was promoted brigadier-general and showed great 
gallantry. He died November (3, lcS62, from injuries received at Fair Oaks. 
He was succeeded as colonel by Charles W. Roberts, and January 10, 1863, 
Major Varney became colonel. 

ROSTER. 



John C. Harmon, Corp., A, Lowiston 

John F. Black, A, pro Lt, Aug. I), 01, 

Alhion Morris, band, Leeds 



Michael Young, B, Webster 

John McDonald, B, trans to '20 Me, Lewistou 
John Sullivan, C, Auburn 



Third Infanfr// Bajimenf. — This regiment went into camp at Augusta, 
May 28, 1861, and was organized June 4, 1861. Its in-rsonnel was most 
admirable, for the Kennebec lumberman was largely represented, and all were 
well-formed men. The average weight of one company was 170 pounds. Its 
service of three years was marked by undaunted valor, patient endurance, and 
heroic achievements. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 28, 1864, and the 
recruits transferred to the Seventeenth. Its first colonel was Oliver O. 
Howard, of Leeds, promoted to brigadier-general September 7, 1861. Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Isaac N. Tucker was discharged November 4, 1861. Lieutenant- 
Colonel Charles A. L. Sampson resigned July 7, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel 
Edwin Burt was killed in the Wilderness fight of May 6, 1864. Major 
Henry G. Staples, the first major, was promoted to colonel, and resigned 
November 14, 1862, and Major William C. Morgan was killed at North Anna, 
May 23, 1864. November 14, 1862, Moses B. Lakeman, who was first captain 
of Company B, was commissioned colonel. 

The Third took active part in the battles of Centreville, Bull Run, 
Yorktown, Williamsburg, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas, Wilderness, Spottsyl- 
vania, and South Anna. 



ROSTER. 



Oliver Otis Howard, CoL, promoted to 

Brig. Gen., 
William H. Jewett, Asst. Surgeon, 
Charles H. Howard, Drum Major, pro- 
moted to staff, 
Russell Carver, A, wd at Fair Oaks, ,, 

Page T. Francis, A, ,, 

Frank Bubier, B, Lewistou 



Leeds 
Turner 



Leeds 



Joseph C. Harlow, C, transferred to 

Third U. S. Artillery, Auburn 

Charles M. Landers, C, pro to Serg., Danville 
Frank Heald, F, Lewiston 

Newell Strout, Capt., K, res 1861, Durham 

Freeman H. Strout, Serg., K, killed, ,, 

Frederic H. Strout, Corp., K, promoted 
to 1st Serg., ,, 



110 



History of Androscoggin County. 



William B. Bryant, K, Turner 

Thomas J. Bryant, K, ,, 

John W. Campbell, K, died Sept. 16, 

1861, Livermore 

Jason Carver, K, disch Sept. 19, ISOl, Leeds 

Lloyd B. Caswell, K, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Francis George, K, ,, 

William Heald, K, East Livermore 

John C. Keene, Capt., K, killed, Gettys- 
burg, July 2, 18G:{, Leeds 
Levi R. Reay, K, died in prison, ,, 
Henry S. Turner, K, ,, 
Benjamin Woodman, K, died in service, ,, 
Elisha K. Mann, Corp., K, transferred 

to 17 Maine, ,, 

Henry O. Fabyan, K, died Oct. 30, 18(52, ,, 
Walter W. Boothby, K, kd Dec. 13, 02, 
Dexter W. Howard, K.pro Serg., trans 

17 Me, ,, 

Buggies S. Keay, K, trans to 17 Me, Greene 
Clark H. Eldridge, H, Livermore 

Eben Farrington, Corp., H, died July 2, 

1863, Livermore 

Charles W. Pike, I, East Livermore 

C. C. Eldridge, killed, 

Jefferson T. Stevens, killed, ,, ,, 

John J. O'Connell, B, trans 17 Me, Lewiston 
Edward E. Jones, B, trans 17 Me, Minot 

Josiah Winslow, E, transferred 17 Me, ,, 

George G. Babb, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston 

Amos B. Canwell, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 



Frederic Cook, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston 

George W. Foster, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

John Fallen, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Henry H. Garcelon, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Cyrus W. Gilpatrick, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Lars F. Miller, C, trans 17 Me, „ 

John Smith, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Mandrid O. Savage, C, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Charles D. Wallace, C, ,, 

Albion P. Cobb, D, died Dec. 2, 1863, 
Emery E. Lowell, D, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Henry F. Noyes, D, trans 17 Me, ,, 

James Welch, D, ,, 

James L. Kilgore, E, ,, 

Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland 

Stephen P. Cutler, G, trans 17 Me, Lewiston 
George W. Hatch, G, killed May 12, 18(i4, ,, 
Charles Harris, G, died Feb. 13, 1804, Livermore 
James L. Faden, H, trans 17 Me, Turner 

Orville Young, H, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Samuel Parker, H, trans 17 Me, Lewiston 

Henry H. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,, 
William C. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,, 
John L. Tubbs, H, killed May 12, 1864, „ 
Arthur L. Coombs, I, trans 17 Me, ,, 

Joseph O. Sturtevant, I, trans 17 Me, Leeds 
James M. Hatch,P.,killedMay 31, 1864, Lewiston 
Martin McElroy, B, ,, 

Charles W. Lowell, I, trans 17 Me, ,, 

John Warner, I, trans 17 Me, ,, 

W. Heald, East Livermore 



Fourth Infantry Regiment. — The state regimental organization was 
completed May 8, 1861, at Rockland, and it was mustered into the national 
service for three years, June 15, 1861. Hiram G, Berry, of Rockland, was 
colonel; Thomas H. Marshall, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S. 
Nickerson, of Searsport, major. The Fourth did gallant service in most of the 
important battles in Virginia, and at Gettysburg, during its three-years' 
warfare, was mustered out July 19, 1864, and the veterans and recruits 
transferred to the Nineteenth. Lieutenant-Colonel Marshall was promoted to 
colonel of the Seventh Maine, September 9, 1861, and his successor, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Nickerson, was commissioned colonel of the 
Fourteenth, November 29, 1861. Lieutenant-Colonel Silas M. Fuller resigned 
March 1, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo D. Carver was discharged 
December 16, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel George G. Davis was commissioned 
May 10, 1864. Major William L. Pitcher was killed at Fredericksburg, 
December 13, 1862. Major Ebenezer Whitcomb died October 5, 1863, from 
wounds received at Gettysburg, and Major Robert H. Grey, May 9, 1864, 
of wounds received in action. March 17, 1862, Major Elijah Walker was made 
colonel on the promotion of Colonel Berry to brigadier-general. General 
Berry won unfading honors. He was given official credit for saving the day at 



Military Affairs. 



Ill 



Williamsburg. After the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, General 
A. P. Hill, commanding the Confederates, sent a flag of truce to compliment 
General Berry on his skillful generalship. In March, 1863, General Berry was 
made major-general, and May 3, 1863, was killed at Chancellorsville, after 
having saved the day with his division. Captain Edwin M. Smith, of Company 
G, was made major, April 1, 1862, but soon resigned to become assistant- 
adjutant-geneial on the staff of General Berry, and was killed at Fair Oaks. 



ROSTER. 



Freeborn G. Bean, A, trans 19 Me, Lewiston 
John Cusick, A, trans 19 Me, ,, 

John Cochran, A, trans 19 Me, ,, 

James C. Crafts, A, trans 19 Me, ,, 

John Carter, A, trans 19 Me, ,, 

Charles W. Merrill, D, trans 19 Me, ,, 

Henry Martin, D, trans 19 Me, ,, 

William Reiley, D, 
Henry O. Smith, D, trans 19 Me, 
Hezekiah D. Morse, F, died in service, Poland 
William L. Brown, G, trans 19 Me, Livermore 
Adoniram L. Dyer, G, died Feb. 8, G4, ,, 
James B. Davis, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston 



Hngh Hunter, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston 

Charles Hermann, G, ,, 

Peter Lee, G. trans 19 Me, ,, 

George Wilbur, G, trans 19 Me, ,, 
Elisha S. Bisbee, Serg., G, killed May 

23, 1864, 

Daniel McDonald, H, ,, 

George Martin, I, ,, 

Charles Miles, I, trans 19 Me, „ 
Otto Smith, K, trans 19 Me, 

Nathan B. Harlow, C, trans 19 Me, Auburn 

John L. Higgins, C, trans 19 Me, Webster 

Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot 



Fifth Infantry Regiment. — This was raised in the third division of the 
state militia, and, contrary to the preceding ones which had one or more 
organized and well-drilled militia companies in each organization, was wholly 
composed of raw men. The regiment was mustered into United States service 
June 24, 1861, with Mark H. Dnnnell, of Portland, colonel; Edwin lUsley, 
of Limington, lieutenant-colonel ; Samuel C. Hamilton, of Biddeford, major. 
Emery W. Sawyer, of Lisbon, was captain of Company E, and Aaron S. 
Daggett, of Greene, first lieutenant. William A. Tobie, of Poland, was 
captain ; and Hamlin T. Bucknam, of Minot, first lieutenant of Company K. 

Two days after the muster-in, the Fifth left the state en route for the 
Army of the Potomac and the battlefield, with 1,046 men. June 27, the 
Sons of Maine of New York City, presented the regiment with a silken 
regimental flag. June 29 it went into camp at Meridian Hill, but soon 
joined the Union forces south of the Potomac, and July 21 was terribly 
involved in the disastrous battle of Bull Run ; in the retreat losing 
knapsacks, tents, cooking utensils, and clothing, all these falling into Confed- 
erate hands. The regiment, without opportunities for drill, was engaged in 
fatigue and picket duty, and suffered severe privations for lack of necessary 
supplies and from sickness. Colonel Dunnell, who was United States consul 
at Vera Cruz and on leave of absence, resigned the colonelcy September 
2, and was succeeded by Colonel Nathaniel J. Jackson, late of the First. 
The same month the lieutenant-colonel and major resigned, and were succeeded 



112 



History of Androscoggin County. 



by Captain William S. Heath of Company H, Third Maine, as lieutenant- 
colonel (killed in action, June 27, 1862), and Captain Edward A. Scammon 
of Company H, of the Fifth, as major. 

A rapid improvement succeeded in the health of the regiment, as they were 
moved to a healthful location, and drill soon brought good discipline. From 
this time it shared the privations, the honors, and the losses of the bravest 
reo-iments in the Army of the Potomac. Colonel Jackson was made brigadier- 
general, September 24, 1862, and November 1, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Scammon became colonel. Major Edwards, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain 
Millett of Company A, major. Colonel Scammon resigned January 8, 1863, 
and Lieutenant-Colonel Edwards was made colonel, and Major Millett, lieu- 
tenant-colonel. Captain Aaron S. Daggett, of Company E, became major, April 
24, 1863. 

This regiment was mustered out at Portland, July 27, 1864, and the 
veterans and recruits transferred to the Sixth Maine Battalion. During its 
service it was engaged in eleven pitched battles and eight heavy skirmishes 
before participating in the Wilderness campaign. It captured more prisoners 
than were altogether numbered in its own ranks, and six Confederate battle- 
flags. General Upton, commanding the division in wliich the Fifth served, 
complimented it highly as it left the front for liome, in a letter to the officers 
and men from wliich we extract: — 

Tour gallantry, your constancy, your devotion to the Hag of your country, your patient 
endurance of fatigue during the campaigns of three long years entitle you to the lasting 
gratitude and esteem of your countrymen. You have given proof of your valor and 
jjatriotism on every field from the first Bull Run to the present time. Leaving your native 
state with over 1,040 men, after receiving a large number of recruits, you now return with 
but 216. The long list of battles in which you have participated, including Bull Run, 
West Point, Gaines' Mill, Charles City, Crarapton Gap, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Salem 
Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, the eight-days' battle of the Wilderness, Spott- 
sylvania, and Cold Harbor, will account for your losses. 

ROSTER. 



Nathaniel J. Jackson, Col, promoted 

to Brig.-Gen., Lewiston 

Edwin Illsley, Lieut-Col, resigned, ,, 

Stephen H. Manning, Q. M., promoted 

A. Q. M.. 
Warren Hume, band, ,, 

George A. Chandler, Serg.-Maj., pro 

Lieut, A, taken pris July 24, (53, ,, 

Fabian Churchill, C, killed May 3, 1863, Minot 
Adelbert Churchill, C, killed, ,, 

John Foster, C, ,, 

John H. Stevens, 1st Lieut, C, tr D, Greene 
Lawrence Hassett, D, Lewiston 

Thomas Tuttle, D, Durham 



William A. Walker, D, kd Jan. 3, 64, Durham 
Charles Manning, D, Lewiston 

Emery W. Sawyer, Capt., E, resigned 

Aug., 1861, Lisbon 

Aaron S. Daggett, Lieut, E, promoted 

Capt., Aug. 1.5, 1861, promoted Maj., 

Jan. 5, 1863, Greene 

Frank L. Lemont, E, pro Capt. Jan. 8, 

1863, kd May 12, 1864, Lewiston 

Norris Litchfield, Serg., E. 

John B. Bailey, Serg., E.died, Auburn 

Leander Prentiss, Corp., E, discharged 

Oct., 1861, Lewiston 

John A. Lane, Corp., E, ,, 



Military Affairs. 



113 



Washington Ellis, Corp.; E, discharged 

Aug., 1861, Lisbon 

Charles B. Keith, Corp., E, discharged 

Nov., 1861, Auburn 

Isaac G. Jordan, Corp., E, discharged 

Oct., 1861, Lewiston 

Samuel M. Thomas, Mus., E, discharged 

Oct., 1861, Durham 

E. S. Litchfield, wagoner, E, Lewiston 

Alonzo Adley, E, promoted Serg., Lisbon 

Rodney B. Atwood, E, killed, ,, 

Charles H. Bodge, Corp., E, Leeds 

Isaac A. Blethen, E, kd Nov. 27, ()3, Durham 
Silas R. Cummings, E, Greene 

Lemont Manning, E, Lewiston 

David D. Dresser, E, ,, 

Francis Day, E, promoted Serg., Durham 

Jeremiah Day, E, Leeds 

Joseph T. Dennison, E,disch Oct., 61, Durliam 
Edward Collins, E, Lewiston 

Henry P. Estes, E, ,, 

B. Franklin Frost, E, Durham 

Almond L. Foss, E, died Sept., 62, Lewiston 
Adelbert H. Holland, E, 
Daniel Harvey, Corp., E, killed atGaines 

Hill, Durham 

Nathaniel Haskell, E, Lewiston 

Samuel O. Hatch, E, disch Oct., 61, ,, 

James C. Higgins, E, kd May 3, 1863, Lisbon 
Thomas Higgins, E, disch Oct., 61, Lewiston 
George H. Hamilton, E, died of wounds 

Nov. 14, 1863, 
Charles E. Jones, E, kd May 10, 64, Turner 
David H. Jones, E, Auburn 

Horace E. Kimball, E, Lewiston 

Lucius L. Lothrop, E, ,, 

Luther Litchfield, E, 

Lee W. Laugh ton, E, ,, 

William H. Larrabee, E, ,, 

Luther C. Manlej', E, Auburn 

David Given, E, ,, 

James Maloney, E, Lewiston 

Walter A. Moulton, E, ,, 

Horace H. Moody, E, died Aug. 30, 62, Durham 
Levi Marks, E, Lewiston 

Thomas H. Mason, E, ,, 

Henry McCone, E, ' ,, 

James G. Purington, E, Lisbon 

Isaiah C. Purinton, E, ,, 

Isaiah Randall, E, disch Sept., 61, Lewiston 

Daniel Sheehan, E, promoted Corp., ,, 

Cyrenus P. Stevens, Corp., E, jiromoted 

1st Serg., Greene 

Daniel Sutherland, E, Durham 

David Small, E, Danville 

John L. Verrill, E, Poland 

Charles N. Waterman, E, Durham 

John Howard Nason, F, 



Henry Whittingham, E, Lewiston 

Thomas Ward, E, 

John Harvey, E, Auburn 

Preston R. Bryant, E, disch July, 61, ,, 

Andrew J. Lufkin, Serg., disch Sept., 

1861, Lewiston 

Charles E. Coombs, F, Auburn 

Joseph Charlton, F, disch Aug., 61, Lewiston 
William Connolly, F, „ 

Charles Edwards, F, ,, 

Lyman H. Edwards, F, ,, 

John Loney, P, ,, 

Elias Malone, F, trans K, ,, 

R. D. Meridith, F, „ 

Melvin A. Perkins, F, Auburn 

Albion R. Stewart, Corp., F, Lewiston 

Sylvester Smith, F, disch Oct., 61, 
Bernard McGee, F, ,, 

Samuel Gray, F, ,, 

Harry M. Stinson, H, Auburu 

Josiah M. Penley, H, Danville 

John Binner, H, missing in action May 

3, 1863, Lewiston 

John Conlin, H, ,, 

George W. Fargo, I, Turner 

James Kelly, I, Lewiston 

Josiah Thompson, I, ,, 

William A. Tobie, Capt., K, Poland 

Hamlin T. Bucknam, Lieut, K, pro- 
moted Capt., Sept. 23, 1861, Minot 
Smith G. Bailey, Serg., K, promoted 

Lieut, H, killed, Poland 

John J. Bragdon, Serg., K, promoted 1st 

Serg., 
John T. Mason Serg., K, Lewiston 

Comfort M. Perkins, Corp., K, Minot 

Charles E. Harris, Corp., K, wounded, 

transferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland 
George E. French, Serg., K, killed at 

Fredericksburg, Auburn 

Charles Andrews, K, missing in action 

May 3, 1863, Minot 

Richard Bailey, K, ,, 

John F. Bancroft, K, Poland 

William A. Campbell, K, Minot 

Charles W. Campbell, K, ,, 

Dudley Chase, K, ,, 

Augustus A. Dwinal, Serg., K, ,, 

Burbank Spiller, 1st Lieut, K, ,, 

George A. Durgin, K, Poland 

Joseph Q. Edmunds, Corp., K, Auburn 

Silas Estes, K, died Dec. 27, 1861, Poland 

John Fardy, K, Lewiston 

Solomon Frost, K, ,, 

Ezra M. Goodwin, K, Minot 

William H. Grant, K, Poland 

Tristram T. Harris, K, ,, 

S. Frank Haskell, K, „ 



114 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Delmar Harris, K, 


Minot 


Albert W. Hines, Corp., K, 


Turner 


Barney Heany, K, 


Lewiston 


Almond H. Hutchinson, K, 


Minot 


Samuel H. Hutchinson, K, 


,, 


Henry H. Hutchinson, Corp., K, 


,, 


Silas C. Libby, K, 


Poland 


Dan Matherson, K, 


Lewiston 


Donald McDonald, K, 


,, 


Charles F. McKenney, K, 


Minot 


Beniah Niles, Jr, K, died May 17, 


1863, Auburn 


Marshall S. Phillips, K, 


,, 


Charles A. Richardson, K, 


Minot 


Alauson W. St Clair, K, 


Poland 


Horace A. Verrill, K, 


,, 


George H. Trundy, K, 


Minot 


Henry C. Weston, Corp., K, 


,, 


William A. Campbell, K, 


„ 


Elias Maloon, K, 


Lewiston 


Harrison J. Dwinal, K, 


Minot 


Wellington H. Dwinal, K, 


,, 


John French, K, 


Turner 



Levi F. Jordan, K, wounded, trans- 
ferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland 
Walter S. Witham, E, died May 4, 62, Lewiston 
James L. Baker, E, ,, 
John Barnes, ,, 
Hollis Edwards, „ 
Isaac G. Jordan, E, ,, 
Charles Dore, K, Minot 
Arthur M. Brown, K, ,, 
William H. Morse, E, ,, 
Edwin Goss, E, died July 27, 1862, Lewiston 
Frank S. Goss, E, Danville 
Warren Keen, Lisbon 
Henry M. Gould, Greene 
James M. Atwood, Livermore 
William H. Everett, C, died May 14, 63, Poland 
David Jewell, G, ,, 
George A. Hodgkins, K, trans V. R. C, ,, 
William E. Morton, E, trans U. S. N., „ 
Samuel W. Taylor, E, Wales 
Albert L. Deering, Lieut, 1, promoted 

to Capt., H, Webster 



S'ixth Lifantry Regiment. — This was organized at Portland and mustered 
into the national service July 15, 1861, with Abner Knowles, colonel ; Hiram 
Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Frank Pierce, major. This regiment was largely 
composed of stalwart lumbermen. It went to the Army of the Potomac, was 
in ten general engagements and innumerable skirmishes; in three battles it 
led the attack and left half its number lying on the field. It won a reputation 
for unflinching courage and bravery which caused its selection for especially 
dangerous service. Colonel Knowles resigned his commission December 11, 
1861, and was succeeded by Colonel Burnham. Captain Charles H. Chandler, 
of (yonipany A, was made lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Benjamin F. Harris, 
of Company C, major. Chandler resigned March 9, 1863, and Harris became 
lieutenant-colonel, the major being Major Joel A. Haycock, killed at Fred- 
ericksburg, May 3, 1863. He was succeeded May 28, 1863, by Major George 
Fuller. Colonel Burnham was promoted to brigadier-general, and Major Fuller 
became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Theodore Lincoln, Jr, of Company F, 
major. General Burnham was killed at Chapin's Bluff, September 28, 1864. 
The regiment was mustered out at Portland, August 15, 1864, and the 
veterans and recruits transferred to the Seventh Maine. Eben W. Foster, of 
Company H, was from Lewiston, and M. V. B. Gilmore, of Company I, was 
from Turner. He died November 25, 1862. 

Seventh Infantry Mcyhicnf. — This was raised throughout the state. At its 
organization, August 21, 1861, Edwin C. Mason, of Portland, was colonel; 
Selden Connor, of Fairfield, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W. Hyde, of Bath, 
major; Elijah D. Johnson, of Lewiston, adjutant; William L. Haskell, of 
Poland, first lieutenant of Company B ; John B. Cook, of Lewiston, second 



Military Affairs. 



115 



lieutenant of Company K. The regiment left the state August 23, and 
arrived in Baltimore, August 25. While here the Union ladies of the 
city presented it with a fine stand of colors. September 5, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Thomas H. Marshall, of the Fourth Maine, was appointed colonel, but died 
October 25, the day his regiment left for Washington. His earnest character 
and sterling worth had endeared him to all associated with him. In 
November, the Seventh joined the Army of the Potomac, and on the tenth 
Colonel Mason took command. This regiment was in many memorable 
battles, and its soldiers were honored by the personal thanks of General 
McClellan for bravery and good conduct at Williamsburg, in these words: 
" You and your comrades arrested the progress of the advancing enemy, saved 
the army from a disgraceful defeat, and turned the tide of victory in our 
favor." The Seventh gained glory at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Mechanics- 
ville, Golding's Farm, White Oak Swamp, Crampton's Pass, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, and Spottsylvania. Its numbers 
were so materially decimated by battle and disease that in October, 1862, it 
was sent home to recruit. January 25, 1863, it rejoined its old command. 
December 1, 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel Connor was commissioned colonel of 
the Nineteenth, and Major Hyde promoted to colonel, and Captain James P. 
Jones promoted to the majority December 29, 1863. After many sieges, 
marches, and battles, the Seventh returned to Augusta, and September 5, 1864, 
those soldiers whose term of service had expired were mustered out and the 
others consolidated with the Fifth and Sixth to form the First Veteran 
Infantry. 

ROSTER. 



Elijah D. Johnson, Adjt, Lewiston 

Albert L. Frye, Hospital Steward, ,, 

Marcus M. Small, K, died. East Livermore 

William L. Haskell, 1st Lieut, B, pro 

Capt., G, wd Antietam, died 62, Poland 

•Sumner R. Tarbox, B, Lewiston 

Hiram M. Hatch, B, ,, 

Thomas A. Galusha, B, Lisbon 

C. K. Hewey, D, Webster 

Veraaus M. Arno, D, Wales 

Charles Doughty, D, Durham 

John Lee, D, Lewiston 

William B. Rush, D, 

William Barrows, F, transferred to D, Minot 
Silas Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,, 

Almon L. Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,, 

George W. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,, 

George G. Saunders, Serg., F, ,, 

Mark A. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,, 

John B. Cook, Lieut, K, promoted to 

Capt., I, Lewiston 

John B. Jennings, Serg., K, killed May 

4, 1863, Leeds 



Joseph Hackett, K, 




Greene 


John W. Adams, K, 




Auburn 


John F. Adams, K, died Oct 


17, 1862 


,, 


Charles H. Hatch, K, 




„ 


Marcellus F. Cushman, K, 




Leeds 


Jordan G. Carvill, K, 




Lewiston 


Ezekiel Hackett, K, 




Greene 


Merrill J. Hibbard, K, 




Lewiston 


George F. Hodgdon, K, 


East Livermore 


Winflield S. Norcross, K, 




Livermore 


Hiram Jenkins, K, died Oct. 


19, 1862, 


Wales 


Sanford K. Knox, K, 




Greene 


Jacob Kimball, K, 




,, 


James W. Libby, Serg., K, 




Leeds 


William H. Larrabee, K, 


promoted 


Adjt and 1st Lieut, H, 




Danville 


Nathan A. Munroe, K, 




Auburn 


Charles W. Merrill, K, 




Lisbon 


Franklin Peale, K, 




Leeds 


Albert M. Rose, K, 




,, 


John Q. Robbins, K, died Oct., 1862, 


,, 


Allen F. Plummer, K, 




Wales 



William F. Record, K, died Dec. 10, 1861, Greene 



116 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Loring C. Record, K, Turner 
Henry J. Ricker, K, died Jan. 20, 1862, 
Wansbron Turner, K, died Nov. 24, 1861, Leeds 

Elbridge P. Wardwell, K, Greene 

William H. Whitney, K, Lisbon 
Joseph P. Getchell, K, died Jan 24, 62, Durham 

Dennis Harris, K, Greene 

John B. Cook, Capt., I, Lewiston 

Aaron L. Hill, I, .. 

George B. Moor(!, H, Lisbon 

George W. McKenney, K, Greene 

Henry Ricker, K, ,, 

Lyman Besse, K, Lewiston 

James B. Blackstone, K, ,, 

Richard Byrns, K, i, 

John Collins, K, „ 

John Daly, K, „ 

John Dow, K, ,, 

Dennis Downey, K, ,, 

John Grant, K, >, 

Ashel W. Hutchins, K, „ 



Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K, Com. 

21 Maine, 
James McCabe, K, 
Felix McHannan, K, 
John Magner, K, 

Patrick Murphy, K, died May, 1862, 
Increase Gould, K, 
James H. Woodward, G, 
Francis M. Bragdon, B, 
Edward Sisk, Serg., D, 
Charles H. Hodgdon, G, 
Benjamin F. Mower, I, 
James Mohegan, K, 
George Morgan, K, 
Lyman E. Besse, 
Karl Yahr, 
J. T. M. Lahrssen, 
Walter E. Randt, 
Robert Huencke, 
Paul H. Ingensen, 



Col. 

Lewiston 



Lisbon 

Poland 

Lewiston 

Wales 

Greene 

Lewiston 



Auburn 



Ei;ihth Maine Infantrii. — This regiment was organized at Augusta, Septem- 
ber 7, 1861. Lee Strickland, a patriotic and loyal citizen of Livermore, raised 
a company and was elected colonel; John D. Rust, of Camden, was lieutenant- 
colonel; Joseph S. Rice, of Ellsworth, major; James Dingley, Jr, of Auburn, 
adjutant; William H. Timberlake, of Livermore, second lieutenant of Company 
C. The regiment left the state September 10, and reported to Brigadier-General 
E. L. Viele, at Long Island, N. Y. December 14, Colonel Strickland resigned, 
on account of ill health, and Lieutenant-Colonel Rust was commissioned colonel. 
February 14, 1862, five companies were ordered to Dawfuski Island, S. C, and 
May 1, Colonel Rust was ordered to report at Typee Island, about five miles 
distant. Here during the bombardment of Fort Pulaski the most exposed 
positions were assigned to Companies D, E, F, H, and I. The regiment was 
mostly employed until the spring of 1864 in guard duty in South Carolina and 
Florida, and suffered much from exposure. In the fall of 1862, when the first 
regiment of colored troops was raised, the men of the Eighth were warm 
espousers of their enlistment and nearly half of the line officers of the first 
regiment of colored troops were from the Eighth. In March, 1864, 316 vet- 
erans who had re-enlisted received a furlough of thirty days, and the others, 
numbering about one hundred and twenty, were mustered out at Augusta, 
September 15, 1864. This regiment actively participated in the bombardment 
of Fort Pulaski (one of its flags was the first to be raised over the fort after 
the surrender), siege of Charleston, Drury's Bluff, battle of Coal Harbor, 
Chapin's Farm, and many other engagements. The flag presented by Governor 
Hicks, of Maryland, in behalf of Mrs. Viele, was borne in all its battles. The 
officers and men of the Eighth were not excelled by any in the service for 
bravery and efficiency. 



Military Affairs. 



117 



Colonel Rust was mustered out August 19, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel 
Henry Boynton became colonel, and February 26, 1865, tendered his resigna- 
tion, and was succeeded by Colonel William M. McArthur. In the United 
States Official Army Register it is stated that Lieutenant-Colonel E. W. Wood- 
man was discharged May 6, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Twitchell, 
April 18, 186)3, Lieutenant-Colonel John Hemingway resigned February 16, 
1864, and Edward A. True was commissioned lieutenant-colonel March 8, 1865. 

The Eighth was mustered out of the United States service at Fort Munroe, 
January 18, 1866, and discharged at Augusta, January 25, 1866. 

ROSTER. 



Auburn 
died of 

Livermoi-e 

Greene 



Lee Strickland, Col, res Dec. 14, 61, Livermore 
Augustus H. Strickland, Q. M., Cora. 

Sept. 9, LSfil, 
James Dingley, Jr., Adjt, 
Charles F. Monroe, Lieut, C 

wounds, June 6, 1864, C, 
Wm. H. Timberlake, Lieut, C, 
John M. Rohbins, Q. M., Serg. 
Thomas A. Kilgore, Serg., C, promoted 

Lieut, died Nov. 19, 1862, Turner 

James H. Tunks, Serg., C, transferred 

to D, promoted 1st Lieut, I, Auburn 

Wallace Smith, Serg., C, Turner 

Levi W. Metcalf, Serg., C, promoted 1st 

Serg., promoted Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,, 
Josiah Libby, Corp., C, ,, 

William W. Sampson, Corp., C, pro- 
moted Serg. and Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,, 
Edward Shurtleff, Corp., C, 
Charles E. Cole, Corp., C, Livermore 

S.G. Shurtleff, Corp., C, promoted Serg., 

promoted Lieut, D, ,, 

Dexter Mitchell, Corp., C, promoted 2d 

and 1st Lieut, Danville 

Samuel E. Smith, Mus., C, Turner 

George W. Bean, Mus., C, died in 

Andersonville prison. East Livermore 

Sylvester G. Delano, C, Turner 

Charles A. Berry, C, East Livermore 

Oscar W. Billings, C, Livermore 

Henry O. Brown, C, ,, 

Philip H. Briggs, C, died, 

B'ranklin Bradford, C, died Oct. 17,1862, Turner 
Henry Callahan, C, ,, 

Charles Dorr, C, died, Livermore 

H. K. Durfee, C, 
Timothy K. DriscoU, C, transferred 1st 

U. S. Art., Lewiston 

Daniel J. Linscott, B, Auburn 

Wallentien Kieler, B, Danville 

Samuel Emerson, Corp., C, 
George E. Fales, Mus., C, Turner 



Grin M. Godwin, C, Livermore 

Emulous Godding, C, ,, 

Sylvester Graves, C, East Livermore 

Samuel Holt, C, died Aug. 22, 1862, Turner 

James Hartford, C, Livermore 

Gad Hayford, C, Turner 

Augustus Hayford, C, ,, 

A. W. Jackson, C, promoted 1st Lieut, 

S. C. Vols, 
Elisha Keen, C, „ 

Waldo B. Keen, C, 
Leander Kilbreth, Serg., C, promoted 

Lieut, I, Livermore 

George W. Mitchell, C, promoted Q. M. 

Serg., promoted Adjt, ,, 

Stanford Mitchell, C, Danville 

Cyrus E. Metcalf, C, promoted Corp., Turner 
Nathaniel Nason, C, Auburn 

Edwin T. Quimby, C, promoted Corp., 

died May 11, 1862, Livermore 

Abington Ridley, C, East Livermore 

Daniel W. Ross, C, 

J. Wesley Ricker, C (Auburn), ,, ,, 

George Raynes, C, Ijcwiston 

James Smith, C, ,, 

William B. Smith, C, ,, 

H. C. Shaw, C, Turner 

Uzza Thomas, Serg., C, ,, 

Enoch L. Tinkham, C, Auburn 

Charles L. Wyer, C, died in service, Livermore 
John A. Dill, A, died July 16, 1863, Lewiston 
Peter Neilson, B, Lewiston 

William Briggs, A, Danville 

Delance Young, C, Livermore 

Elmer R. Record, C, died in Salisbury 

prison, Greene 

Joseph M. Fowler, Danville 

Thomas Mason, Lewiston 

William D. Shurtleff, Turner 

Jonathan Ridley, Corp., H, Livermore 

Horace C. White, Asst Serg., resigned 

May 29, 1863, Lisbon 



118 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Joseph G. Knowles, A, East Livermore 

Edmund Blake, A, Auburn 

Francis C. Rankin, A, >, 

William Bickler, C, Livermore 
Timothy B. Niles, C, killed in action, ,, 

Eben M. Jones, A, ,, 

Isaac P. Davis, Serg., C, Poland 

George W. Hnnnawell, C, ,, 

Isaiah S. Hunnawell, C, ,, 

Renselaer Jillson, C, ,, 

Philemon Harlow, G, Auburn 

Calvin C. Huzzey, C, ,, 

William H. Pottle, C, Lewiston 

Onsville Record, C, Minot 

William Stevens, C, Greene 



William H. Weymouth, C, Webster 

Isaac Bearce, E, Lewiston 

Samuel A. Wilson, E, died of wounds, 

June 14, 1804, Durham 

James E. Tarr, F, died of wounds re- 
ceived May 16, 1864, Lewiston 
James DriscoU, G, killed May 20, 1864, 
William E. Toothaker, I, 
John A. Skinner, G, ,, 
Alex Walton, I, Auburn 
Charles O. Freeman, K, Poland 
John G. McKnight, H, Lewiston 
Louis A. Waterman, H, Livermore 
Jonathan Ridley, H, ,, 
LeRoy Stevens, killed at Gettysburg, ,, 



JVitttJi Infantry Regiment. — In less than two weeks from the arrival of the 
first company at Augusta, the Ninth was on its way to Washington, numbering 
over 1,000 men. It was mustered into United States service September 22, 
1861, for three years, and started for the front on September 24. The field 
officers were Rishworth Rich of Portland, colonel ; Colman Harding, of 
Gorham, lieutenant-colonel; Sabine Emery, of Eastport, major. None of 
the officers in the Ninth were from Androscoggin county. January 8, 1862, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Harding resigned, and Captain Horatio Bisbee, of Company 
I, was commissioned in his place. In the early part of 1863, Colonel Rich was 
dismissed and Lieutenant-Colonel Bisbee commissioned colonel, but March 
19 he resigned, and Colonel Rich was reinstated. He resigned May 27, and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Emery was promoted to colonel. Major Zina H. Robinson 
becoming lieutenant-colonel, and Captain George F. Granger of Company A, 
major. Colonel Emery resigned May 25, 1864, and the other field officers were 
advanced. Colonel Robinson resigned August 16, 1864, and September 13 
was succeeded by Colonel Granger, and Captain Robert J. Gray, of Company 
G, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was killed in battle September 29, 
and October 10 Major Joseph Noble, originally captain of Company H, 
succeeded him, and Captain George B. Dyer of Company B became major. 

The Ninth first saw service at Port Royal, S. C, and made a brilliant 
record in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The glory of capturing Morris 
Island is entirely due to its bravery. August 25, 1863, General Gilmore sent 
the flags captured on this occasion from the Twenty-first South Carolina 
Confederate regiment by soldiers of the Ninth, to Governor Coburn, with a 
complimentary letter. In the abortive attacks on Fort Wagner, 317 men 
were reported killed, wounded, and missing. The original members, with the 
exception of tlie re-enlisted men, who numbered nearly 430, every man eligible 
to enlistment — eighty men — were mustered out September 27,1864. After 
a furlough of thirty days in March, 1864, the Ninth was transferred to the 
Army of the Potomac, where it did gallant duty until its muster-out, July 13, 
1865. Colonel Granger was bre vetted brigadier-general, June 12, 1865. 



Military Affairs. 



119 



ROSTER. 



Henry M. Jordan, Serg., B, promoted 

2d Lieut, 2d S. C. Vols, 
Joseph H. Durgin, Corp., B, 
Elliott C. Duran, wagoner, B, 
James H. Cutler, Corp., B, 
Benjamin F. Estes, Corp., B, 
James F. Goss, B, 
Chase M. Harris, B, 
William Knights, B, 
Phineas Leach, B, 
Isaac B. Martin, B, 
Samuel Smith, B, 
Mark Goodwin, F, 
William H. Walker, B, 
Warren W. Young, B, 
Gilbert T. Johnson, C, 
Cyrus M. Lord, F, 
Ezra Mitchell, Jr, F, 
John Blake, 2d Lieut, F, promoted 

Capt., C, died Nov. 9, 18G2, 
William W. Harlow, F, 
Jesse B. Whitney, F, 
Robert W. Carr, K, 
Horace A. Wright, K, 
James B. Walker, K, 
Hiram Beal, B, 
Henry D. Bean, A, 
Elias Burgess, A, 
Dennis Corvine, A, 
John Donahue, A, 
Joshua S. Spiller, A, 
Adriel Whales, A, 
Thomas J. Segeberg, A, 
John E. Worrey, A, 
James F. Gerry, B, 
Henry Loriot, B, 
Francis H. Reed, B, 
Charles H. Roberts, B, 
Samuel A. Temple, C, 
Christopher F. Cox, C, 
Isaac A. Whittemore, C, 



Poland 
Poland 

Minot 

Durham 

Minot 

Poland 

Auburn 

Danville 

Minot 

Poland 

East Livermore 

Lisbon 

Minot 



Turner 



Minot 

Lewistou 

Turner 

Auburn 



Auburn 
Lewiston 

Poland 

liCwiston 
Minot 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Minot 



Otis S. West, C, 

Granville N. Wise, C, 

Melville W. Chase, E, 

Bradbury Rollins, E, 

George L. Allen, F, 

Percival D. Herrick, F, 

Nahum Roberts, F, 

Joseph W. Hodge, F, 

Luther E. Davis, F, died in service, 

William H. Foss, died in service, 

William A. Copelaud, G, 

James N. Nason, G, 

Charles H. Additon, G, 

Oliver P. Dudley, G, 

William H. Harris, G, 

Henry Jordan, G, 

John Forel, H, 

George F. Blake, C, pro Com. Serg., 

Frederic B. Sweetser, H, 

Stillman Harvard, 

Charles W. Waterhouse, H, 

Silas E. Libby, H, 

Florentine Butler, I, 

John Brooks, I, 



Minot 



Poland 



Durham 

Minot 



Greene 
Poland 



Lewiston 

Lewiston 

Livermore 

Poland 



Lewiston 



William R. Small, I, died in service, 

David S. Small, I, died in service, 

George Strout, I, 

Winfield A. Winslow, I, 

Horace Perkins, Chap., 

Horace A. Wright, E, 

Nicholas N. Robertson, G, 

Charles K. Sawyer, G, 

John J. Sawyer, G, 

John Richardson, H, 

John C. Gifford, H, 

Henry Huckius, H, 

Alexander W. Lunt, H, 

Lemuel T. Marshall, F, 

Henry M. Stinson, promoted Lieut-Col, 

H, Fifth Regiment, 
Isaac Verrill, H, 



Minot 



Lewiston 
Minot 



Leeds 



Poland 



Minot 



Tenth Infantry Regiment. — A portion of the First iMaine was the basis of 
this organization, formed at Cape Elizabeth, and mustered into the United 
States service October 4, 1861. The field officers were: George L. Beal, of 
Norway, colonel; James S. Fillebrown, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel; Charles 
Walker, of Portland, major. Adjutant Elijah M. Shaw was of Lewiston. 
Several of the companies had large representations from this county, notably 
Companies F, H, and K. Company F was officered by William Knowlton, 
captain; Edward S. Butler and Abel C. Rankin, lieutenants, — all of Lew- 
iston; Company H, by Charles S. Emerson, captain; James C. Folsom and 
Phineas W. Dill, lieutenants, — all of Auburn. Captain George H. Nye, of 
Company K, was of Lewiston. He became brevet brigadier-general. 



120 



History of Androscoggin County. 



This regiment was in service in the Potomac and Shenandoali valleys, 
and from its splendid condition, discipline, and drill it was, it is said, mistaken 
for regular troops by Stonewall Jackson. It furnished many scouts. It 
participated fearlessly and well later in many of the hard-fought battles of 
the Army of the Potomac — Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock, and 
Antietam bear testimony to its valor. Of the three hundred regiments 
composing the Army of the Potomac, the Tenth was one of eleven which 
received the commendation of General Hooker for showing a good inspection 
report. The two-years' men were mustered out May 7 and 8, 1863, and the 
Tenth Maine Battalion was formed from the three-year men, and November 1, 
1863, it was transferred to the Twenty-ninth Regiment, joining it at Morganzia, 
Louisiana, after doing much severe marching along the Potomac and 
|)articipating in the campaigns in Pennsylvania and Tennessee. 



ROSTER. 



James S. Fillebrown, Lieut-Col 




Auburn 


Elijah M. Shaw, Adjt, 




Lewiston 


Horace N. Johnson, Mus., 




Auburn 


Andrew G. Fitz, Mus., 




Durham 


Charles E. Coleman, Mua., 




Lewiston 


Joshua B. Newell, Mus., 




,, 


Charles O. Warren, Mus., 




,, 


Gilhert H. Bailey, Mus., 




M 


Elisha Gott, Mus., 




)) 


Thomas B. Edgeconih, Mus., 




,, 


Daniel Davis, Mus., 




Auburn 


Ad on i ram B. Crafts, Mus., 




,, 


Moses Crafts, Mus., 




,, 


Cyrus Hall, Mus., 




,, 


Justin E. Hill, Mus., died in service, 


,, 


Augustus L. Littlefield, Mus., 


died 


in 


service, 




,, 


Moses P. Merrill, B, 




Turner 


Lorenao Mayherry, C, 




Minot 


Thomas D. Sturtevant, C, died Aug. 


25, 


1862, 




Lewiston 


David H. Stevens, C, 




Auburn 


Joseph H. Sawyer, C, 




,, 


Joshua B. Goodwin, C, 




J, 


Calmon H. Allen, C, 




,, 


John G. Annis, C, 




,, 


J. Bailey Goodwin, C, 




,, 


James Baker, C, 




Lewiston 


Charles Lancaster, C.diod Aug 


30,18()2, „ 


Gorham P. McFaden, C, 




^^ 


Wallace E. Cummings, C, 




Poland 


Charles H. Thayer, C, 




Turner 


John L. Hoyt, E, 


East Livermore 


L. M. Garcelon, E, 






Andrew J. Walton, E, kd May 25, 


G2, 




East Livermore 


Ehen C. Whittemore, E, died. 


,, 





Durham 



Lewiston 



Auburn 
Lewiston 



John A. Putnam, C, East Livermore 

William Knowlton, Capt., F, Lewiston 

Edward S. Butler, Lieut, F, 

Abel G. Rankin, Lieut, F, 

Hardy N. Baker, Serg., F, 

Charles W. Marston, Serg., F, killed 

Aug. 9, 18G2, 
Dan S. Fitzgerald, Serg., F, 
George H. Gould, Serg., F, ,, 

Charles H. Haskell, Lieut, F, 
Alfred Roberts, Corp., F, 
James Low, Corp., F, 
Charles W. Heney, Corp., F, 
Isaac P. Davis, Corp., F, 
William H. Given, Mus., F, 
Isaac K. Knowlton, F, 
Nicholas I. Allen, F, 
William Burke, F, 
Gu.stavus A. Dwelly, F, 
Thomas A. Eastman, F, 
Nicholas L. Foster, F, 
Enoch L. Hall, F, 
Andrew Jackson, F, 
Hugh McGlinchy, F, 
Alva E. Nichols, F, 
William A. Pyor, F, 
John A. Kiucaid, F, 
Josiah H. Smith, F, 
Charles H. Kennison, F, 
James E. Covell, F, kd Sept. 17, G2 
Amaziah Grant, F, 
Samuel R. Grant, F, 
George A. Dockham, F, 
Edwin Record, F, 
Henry Stirk, F, 
Euos H. Stevens, F, 
John W. Townsend, F, 



Durham 



Poland 
Turner 



Auburn 



Military Affairs. 



121 



Benjamin A. Welch, F, . Minot 

J. Franklin Raynes, Serg., G, Auburn 

Sewall B. Emery, G. Poland 

Charles W. Witham, G, died July 24, 

1852, Minot 

Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H, Auburn 

Elijah M. Shaw, Capt., H, Lewiston 

James C. Folsom, 1st Lieut, H, killed 

Aug. 9, 1862, Auburn 

George W. True, 1st Lieut, H, died of 

wounds, Sept. 20, 1862, 
Granville Blake, 1st Lieut, H, 
Phineas W. Dill, 2d Lieut, H, 
Benjamin M. Bradbury, 2d Lieut, H, 
Horace Wright, 2d Lieut, H, 
Albert W. Freeman, 2d Lieut, H, died 

of wounds Aug. 25, 1862, Minot 

Alex B. Conant, Serg., H, Auburn 

Ivory W. Emerson, Serg., H, ,, 

Louville Smith, B, transferred to Co. I, 

Twenty-ninth, Poland 

Nathaniel Cash, B, transferred to Co. I, 

Twenty-ninth, ,, 

Charles R. Anderson, Serg., H, 
David A. Jumper, Serg., H, 
Stephen R. Estes, Corp., H, 
Samuel Webber, Corp., H, 
George W. Harradon, Corp., H, 
Benjamin L. Given, Corp., H, 
Augustus White, Corp., H, 
Cyrus D. Wood, Corp., H, 
Samuel L. Stevens, Corp., H, 
W infield S. Wright, Corp., H, 
Isaac J. Perry, Mus., H, 
Cyrus B. Townsend, Mus., H, ,, 

Francis M. Allen, H, ' ,, 

Lewis Bates, H, ,, 

Hugh M. Bradbury, H, kd Sept. 17, 62, 
Charles H. Davis, H, ,, 

William Dearth, H, „ 

Isaac R. Dillingham, H, ,, 

Robert B. Harris, H, ,, 

Oliver Herrick, H, ,, 

Alonzo F. Morrill, H, ,, 

Adolphus S. Read, H, ,, 

Henry J. Ricker, H, died Aug. 17, 1862, ,, 
David L. Stetson, H, ,, 

Virgil True, H, ,, 

Daniel L. Verrill, H, Auburn 

Isaiah H. Vickery, H, ,, 

Lewis Warren, H, ,, 

John Warren, H, ,, 

William H. Wentworth, H, 
Lyman H. Wright, H, 

Charles F. Marden, H, Danville 

Greenfield F. Libbev, H, kd Aug. 9, 62, 
Greenlief Sawyer, H, ,, 

Aug M. Vickery, H, ,, 



Lewiston 



Auburn 



Greene 
Auburn 



James H. Marston, H, Minot 
George J. Fuller, H, killed Sept. 17, 1862, „ 

Nelson C. Perry. H, „ 

Gilman Rice, H, „ 

Edward K. Verrill, H, „ 
Edward P. Verrill,, H, killed Aug. 9, 1862, ,, 

Charles A. Metcalf, H, Lisbon 

Isaiah Kimball, H, ,, 

Asaph H. Witham, H, ,, 

Gladden Bonney, H, Turner 

Charles O. Fargo, H, „ 

Charles M. Keen, H, „ 

Ezra F. Stevens, H, „ 

Joseph Brooks, H, Lewiston 

Silas Estes, H, „ 

Mark Grover, H, ,, 
Azro C. Hibbard, H, 
Dudley F. Sanborn, H, 
Charles H. Wentworth, H, killed Sept. 

17, 1862, 

John Knowles, H, Greene 
Gideon P. Lowell, H, 

Charles Richardson, H, ,, 

George H. Parker, H, Durham 

Henry A. Batchelder, I, Lewiston 

George H. Nye, Capt., K, ,, 

Albert E. Kingsley, Lieut, K, ,, 
Francis H. Pratt, 1st Serg., K, killed 

June 30, 1862, 

Almon L. Goss, 1st Serg., K, Danville 

James Layden, Serg., K, Lewiston 

Charles H. Jumper, Serg., K, ,, 

Jonathan Nash, Serg., K, Auburn 

James E. Osgood, Corp., K, Lewiston 

Thomas A. Thorn, Corp., K, ,, 

Henry H. Ash ton, Corp., K, „ 
John A. Willard, Corp., K, 

John R. Morrill, Corp., K, ,, 

Martin Fox, Corp., K, Auburn 

Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K, Lewiston 

Chester H. Thing, Mus., K, ,, 

Melvin Woodcock, K, „ 

Frank C. Adams, K, died in service, ,, 

Houghton Bond, K, ,, 

Erasmus D. Clark, K, ,, 

Emery E. Larrabee, K, „ 

John Lee, K, died Oct. 9, 1862, „ 

John H. Merrill, K, „ 

George B. Morrill, K, „ 

Henry J. Penney, K, ,, 

Benjamin F. Pray, K, ,, 

James G. Preble, K, ,, 

James Guiney, K, „ 

William M. Hall, K, „ 

Ambrose E. Hammond, K, „ 

Thomas B. Hodges, K, „ 

Leonard Jepson, K, „ 

Levi B. Johnson, K, „ 



122 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Marquis F. Joy, K, 
Henry II. Smith, K, 
James Smith, K, 
Joseph B. Smith, K, 
Alonzo Stevens, K, 
David D. Tarr, K, 
Thomas Taylor, K, 
Leroy II. Tobie, K, 
Elias S. Webber, K, 
George D. Whittum, K, 
Ethan Allen, K, 
Horace J. Coburu, K, 
John F. Quimby, K, 
Aaron A. Simonds, K, 
Hewitt C. Bailey, K, 
Stephen C. Blackstone, K, 



Lewiston 



Turner 



Minot 
Auburn 



Charles S. Raymond, K, died Mar. 15, 62, Auburn 

James E. Magner, K, ,, 

David J. Nash, K, • „ 

Benjamin Hutchinson, K, ,, 

George P. Wyraan, K, 

Stillman Bond. K, 

Henry T. Frost, K, 

Elmer Chipman, K, 

Nathan Herrick, K, 

Alonzo G. Frost, K, died in service, 

Asa Reed, K, killed Sept. 17, 1862, 

Augustus Royal, K, 

James H. Thurston, K, 

Samuel N. Royal, K, 

Albert P. Hodsdon, K, 



Greene 

Poland 

Lisbon 
Danville 



Wales 



ROSTER TENTH MAINE BATTALION. 



James Guiney, A, 
E. E. Larrabee, A, 
James G. Preble, A, 
Leonard Jepson, A, 
Samuel N. Royal, A, 



Lewiston 



James H. Thurston, A, Danville 

Isaiah H. Vickery, Corp., B, Auburn 

William H. Gordon, B, died July 27, 

1863, Livermore 

Dudley F. Sanborn, B, Lewiston 



Eleventh Infantry Eef/imcut. — This regiment was organized October 11, 
1861, at Augusta, where it was mustered into United States service November 
12. John C. Caldwell, of East Machias, was colonel; Harris M. Plaisted, of 
Bangor, lieutenant-colonel; William M. Shaw, of Portland, major. Colonel 
Caldwell was made brigadier-general April 28, 1862, and left the regiment, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Plaisted becoming colonel, and Major Shaw lieutenant- 
colonel. The last named ofificer resigned September 16,1862. Lieutenant-Colonel 
Robert F. Cam})bell resigned May 23, 1863, and Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow 
P. Spofford died of wounds June 17, 1864. Colonel Plaisted was brevetted 
brigadier-general February 21, 1865, and was discharged March 25, 1865. 
April 16, 1865, Colonel Jonathan A. Plill* took command of the Eleventh, and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles P. Baldwin and ^lajor Henry C. Adams were 
commissioned to their offices May 1 of the same year. 

This was a fighting regiment, took efficient part in some of the bloodiest 
contests in which the Army of the Potomac was engaged, and its men displayed 
the intrepidity and firmness of veterans. Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Chicka- 
hominy. Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Harrison's Landing, all testified to 
their'gallant bravery, while they aided in many another momentous encounter. 
General Nagle gave them this merited meed of praise: " Yours is the honor 
of having been the first to pass and the last to leave the Chickahominy. And 
while you led the advance from this memorable place near Richmond, you were 
the last in the retreating column, when, after seven days of constant fighting. 



'Later brevetted brigadier-general. 



Military Affairs. 



123 



it reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing." Later at 
Morris Island, S. C, and in the Army of the James it won added honors and 
suffered great losses. In the heavy and sanguinary engagements around 
Bermuda Hundred, at Deep Bottom and Deep Run, in front of Petersburg, at 
Second Fair Oaks, it performed deeds of valor and vras a credit to the state. 
November 2, 1864, 12 commissioned officers and 130 enlisted men returned to 
Maine on expiration of time of service, 100 more had re-enlisted, and this was 
all that was left of the original number. After General Caldwell was assigned 
to General Howard's brigade he led it in all the battles of the Peninsula cam- 
paign, after Fair Oaks, never losing a gun, color, or inch of ground. In the 
retreat to Harrison's Landing his command was in six battles in three days, 
marching all night after fighting all day. At Antietam it drove a much 
superior force of Confederates and captured seven stands of colors and 300 
prisoners, a larger number of both than was taken by any other brigade in the 
army. The regimental organization was mustered out at City Point, Va, 
February 2, 1866. 

ROSTER. 



James A. Scoulhir, Corp., F, supposed 



killed May 31, 18(>2, 






Lewiston 


James Donnovan, F, 






,, 


Harmon I. Dill, F, 






Auburn 


William H. Doughty, F, 






Lewiston 


James Lang, F, died in service, 




,, 


Kenneth McCanley, F, 






,, 


John Maloney, F, transferred to A, 


,, 


Harrison N. Plaise, F, 






,, 


James Rutherford, F, 






jj 


William A. Smith, F, 






J, 


Samuel C. Webber, F,died Oct. 


19, 1862, „ 


John Barrett, F, 






,, 


B. Franklin Morrill, F,. 




East Livermore 


M. P. Chase, F, killed, 






,, 


John Smith, F, 






,, 


Hiram C. Cui-tis, F, died 


July 1 


1862, 


Minot 


Seth C. Welch, F, 






,, 


Albion A. Drake, F, 






,, 


Edwin W. Davis, F, 






Lisbon 


David T. Graffam, F, 








Theron Kelly, F, 






II 


Sullivan H. Penley, H, 






Danville 


Luther H. Morgan, H, 






,, 


George H. Lord, H, died 


May 16 


, 1862, 


Auburn 


George P. Moody, H, 






,, 


Nathaniel Moody, H, 






,, 


Joseph Doms, K, 






,, 


Joseph C. Bray, F, 






Poland 



Nathan P. Downing, Serg., F, 

Sidney F. Downing, F, 

Charles F. Davis, F, 

Oscar D. Wilbur, Corp., C, 

Frank Bubier, D, died of wounds Sept. 



Minot 



Lewiston 



Auburn 
Lewiston 



Leeds 



13, 18G4, 
John Hall, D, killed Aug. 14, 1864 
Leonard C. Judkins, D, 
George A. Beals, E, 
Ellison Libby, F, 
Charles H. Winter, F, 
George H. Balkam, Corp., F, died in 

service, 
Enoch T. Fish, F, 
George A. Goody, F, killed May 15, 1864, Lisbon 
Otis B. George, F, East Livermore 

Augustus S. George, F, ,, ,, 

Charles B. Keith, F, Auburn 

J. G. S. Littlefield, F, died in service, ,, 

Sewell L. Chamberlain, G, wounded and 

missing, June 3, 1864, ,, 

Ellis A. Briggs, H, died Sept. 25, 64, 
Azel W. Drake, H. 
Euseb Degreeney, I, 
John B. Laroche, A, 
Abel Mahomet, A, 
James Morrissey, C, 
Francis Fylan, H, 



Lewiston 

Minot 

Poland 

Auburn 

Poland 

Danville 



Twelfth. Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was mustered into United 
States service at Portland, November 16, 1861, for three years. It was 
designed for service in General B. F. Butler's expedition for the capture of New 
Orleans, and occupancy of the Mississippi Gulf region. Tlie entire regiment 



124 



History of Androscoggin County. 



was enlisted in three weeks' time. Its colonel was George F. Shepley, one of 
the ablest and most eloquent lawyers in Maine. Its lieutenant-colonel was 
William K. Kimball, of Paris. David R. Hastings, of Lovell, was major. Edwin 
Illsley, of Lewiston, was adjutant. 

The Twelfth commenced its course of gallantry at Manchac Pass, where 
six companies destroyed railroad communication between New Orleans and 
Jackson, and captured a large amount of stores and ordnance. Colonel 
Shepley was appointed military commandant of New Orleans after its capture, 
serving in that office until promoted to brigadier-general and appointed mili- 
tary governor of Louisiana. In 1864 he was transferred to Norfolk, Va, to 
act in the same capacity there. July 17, 1862, Major Hastings tendered his 
resignation. The lieutenant-colonel was soon commissioned colonel, and held 
the command until mustered out December 7, 1864, at expiration of service. 
He was re-commissioned colonel, April 10, 1865, as was Major Gideon A. Hast- 
ings, who had also been mustered out. 

After faithful service and participation in the battles of Irish Bend, Port 
Hudson, and Donaldsonville, the regiment troops were sent to the Army of the 
Potomac, attached to tlie Army of the James, and lost one-fourth its number 
in tlie blood}^ battle of Winchester. Later at Cedar Creek it lost nearly as 
heavily. The regiment has a good record. It was prompt and trusty, never 
wanting in courage, invariably chosen for arduous and perilous service, and 
complimented by every general under whom it served. The original members 
who did not re-enlist were mustered out December 7, 1864, and the veterans 
and recruits consolidated into a battalion of four companies and retained in 
service. Six new unassigned companies organized at Portland in February and 
March, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, were assigned to the Twelfth, 
which was stationed at Savannah. These companies were mustered out in 
February and March, 1866, and the whole organization April 18, 1866. 



ROSTER. 



Edwin Illsley, Adjt, pro Lieut-Col, Lewiston 

Almon L. Gilpatrick, Corp., A, trans- 
ferred Bat. 12 Me, Lisbon 

Franklin Martin, Corp., A, Danville 

Silas E. Field, B, trans Bat. 12 Me, 

Frederic D. Daggett, C, transferred Bat. 

l-'5 Me, Auburn 

William D. Edwards, C, transferred Bat. 

12 Me, Lewiston 

Henry W. Carvill, D, 

Charles Kimball, F, Lisbon 

Stephen B. Packard, Lieut, G, pro- 
moted Capt., B, Auburn 

William A. Bcarce, 1st Serg., G, pro- 
moted 1st Lieut, 

Samuel L. Brown, G, Minot 

Darius Holt, G, 



James R. Holt, G, Minot 

John R. Anderson, K, died Feb. 8, 62, Durham 
Eleazer W. Jordan, K, ,, 

Blaney C. Allen, K, ,, 

W. H. H. Roberts. K, 
George B. Hasey, K, transferred to First 

Maine Bat., Lisbon 

Royal A. Bray, G, trans to K, pro Lieut, Turner 
Artemas Bubier, A, Webster 

Thomas Daroll, B, died Sept. 21, 1864, Lewiston 
Charles Patnawd, B, died July 11, 1864, „ 
Calvin L. Edwards, C, trans 12 Me, 
Octavius Forge, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, 

Thomas Odee, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, 

Peter Dagle, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, 

Louis Dubar, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, „ 

Robert Swett, K, ,, 



Military Affairs. 



125 



ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW TWELFTH REGIMENT. 



Almon L. Gilpatrick, A, Lisbon 

Artemas Bubier, A, Webster 

William D. Edwards, C, Lewiston 

Calvin L. Edwards, C, 

Octavius Forge, C, 

Thomas Odee, C, 

Peter Dagle, D, 

Louis Dubar, D, 

Silas E. Fields, Corp., D, Danville 

Liicien P. Gould, D, 

Robert Swett, D, Lewiston 

Alexis Adams, D, Auburn 

Henry O. Childs, D, ' Livermore 

William Karvin, A, Minot 

Frank McKenley, B, Turner 

John C. Mower, C, Greene 

Sylvester F. Jordan, Lieut, E, Lisbon 

Elbridge W. Oakes, 1st Serg., E, Auburn 

Benjamin D. Bryent, F, Webster 

Kendall Pollard, Lieut, G, Lewiston 

Joseph Brierly, Corp., G, ,, 

Raphael Gay, Corp., G, ,, 

George H. Stinchfield, G, ,, 

Jefferson S. Bailey, G, ,, 

Robert J. Bailey, G, ,, 

Charles F. Churchill, G, 

Charles D. Cates, G, ,, 

William P. Douglass, G, ,, 

William E. Elder, G, „ 

Eben W. Elder, G, 

Henry Fellows, G, „ 

Russell S. Foss, G, 

Eben Goodridge, Jr, G, East Livermore 



Elisha B. Lovejoy, G, East Livermore 

William Beal, G, Greene 

El wood S. Dailey, G, 

George W. Kalner, G, Poland 

Ripley T. McCully, G, Auburn 

Charles H. Piper, G, Turner 

William F. Jordan, G, Lewiston 

Elliot King, G, 

Abram A. Larrabee, G, died in service, ,, 

John Loring, G, ,, 

Joseph Nelson, G, „ 

Charles E. Roberts, G, „ 

Frank J. Thompson, G, ,, 

George Vosmus, G, Lewiston 

John H. Wing, G, died in service, ,, 

William H. Larrabee, 2d Lieut, H, ,, 

William H. Sawyer, Corp., H, ,, 

John R. Allen, H, „ 

William Gilpatrick. H, ,, 

Louville G. Lord, H, ,, 

John B. Sanders, H, ,, 

Albert B. Trollop, H, 

Lorenzo Buck, H, 

A. K. P. Dixon, H, 

John McFarland, H, 

Jacob A. Field, 1st Lieut, K, 

Robert A. Field, Serg., K, 

Herbert N. Adams, K, 

Charles W. Campbell, K, 

John Q. Mason, K, 

George A. Pray, K, ,, ,, 

James S. Small, K, Minot 

Frank White, K, Leeds 



Auburn 
Wales 



Lewiston 



Auburn 
East Livermore 



Thirteenth Infantr// .Re;/tment. — According to tlie official United States 
Army Register this regiment was mustered into United States service at 
Augusta, December 13, 1861. It was commanded by the eminent Neal Dow 
as colonel; Henry Rust, Jr, of Norway, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S. Hesseltine, 
of Waterville, major. Wayne W. Blossom, of Turner, was quartermaster- 
sergeant, John S. C. Ham, of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company C, and 
Waldo A. Blossom, of Turner, first lieutenant of Company F.^ February 18, 
1861, the regiment left for Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, where it did 
guard duty until July 5, and although suffering in the meantime terribly from 
disease, damaged stores and provisions. General Weitzel said he had never seen 
better soldiers. April 28, 1862, Colonel Dow was promoted to brigadier- 
general, Lieutenant-Colonel Rust to colonel. Major Hesseltine to the lieu- 
tenant-colonelcy, and Captain Abernethy Grover to major. The Thirteenth 
remained in the department of the Gulf, winning honorable mention in many 
places, notably the captures of Point Isabel, Mustang Island, Aranzas Pass, 



1 Resigned April 12, 1862. 



126 



History of Androscoggin County. 



and Fort Esperanza, at Matagorda Peninsula, Pleasant Hill, etc. For some 
time Colonel Rust was president of the enrolling board, and provost marshal of 
the second congressional district of Louisiana. July 1, 1864, the regiment was 
ordered to the Army of the Potomac, and its service was passed in garrison 
and picket duty at Martinsburg, Va, the base of supplies for General 
Sheridan's army. 155 enlisted men were mustered out at Augusta, January 6, 
1865, and 282 re-enlisted men and 82 recruits were soon organized into a 
battalion and transferred to the Thirtieth Maine. Colonel Dow, after becoming 
general, held important commands, was taken prisoner in Louisiana, and 
suffered severely in confinement at Richmond and elsewhere during his long 
captivity. He acquitted himself in all his duties with eminent ability. 

ROSTER. 



David S. Stinson, Q. M., died July 8, 62, Auburn 
Wayne W. Blossom, Q. M. Serg., Turner 

Alfred E. Buck, Capt., C, promoted 

Lieut-Col colored troops, Lewiston 

John S. P. Ham, Lieut, C, 
Daniel F. Smith, Serg., C, promoted 

Capt. colored troops, Turner 

Henry H. Dudley, Serg., C, promoted 

2d Lieut colored troops, Lewiston 

Albert N. Ames, Serg., C, pro 1st Serg., ,, 
Charles E. Hanson, Mus., C, died May 

19, 1864, 
Wesley Carvill, C, „ 

Robert England, C, ,, 

Albert Foss, C, „ 

William H. Graffam, Corp., C, ,, 

Maurice S. Hussey, C, „ 

Daniel M. Johnson, C, ,, 

Charles A. Litchfield, C, died July 6, 64, ,, 
Anthony Morgan, C, ,, 

Tobias Meader, C, ,, 

George T. Storer, C, 
Augustus O. Fish, C, trans from G, 
John C. Steele, C, 
Almon L. Crooker, C, died Au}2 
Samuel Cotton, C, 
Gideon Hammond, C, 
Josiah Jones, C, 
William B. Webber, C, 
Jeremiah Osgood, E, 
Waldo A. Blcssom, Lieut, F, 
Andrew C. Pettingill, Serg., F, 
Lucius Harlow, Corp., F, 
Benjamin A. Elwell, Corp., F, promoted 

Serg., died Apr. 20, 1863, 
Auburn Merrill, Corp., F, prQ Serg., 
Joseph O. Nichols, Corp., F., ])ro Serg., 
William Anderson, F, 
William F. Bird, F, died Aug. 20, 1862, 
Win.slow Conant, F, died in service, 



Durham 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

20, 1862, Miuot 

Lisbon 



Durham 

Turner 

Auburn 



Henry S. Drake, F, Auburn 

Asbury W. Foss, F, promoted Com. 

Serg., U. S. C. T., 
Enoch Grant, F, died July 3, 1863, ,, 

George W. Pierce, F, ,, 

Jonathan E. Piper, F, ,, 

John O. Smith, F, 

Charles L. Connor, Mus., F, Lewiston 

Joseph Andrews, Serg., F, ,, 

Charles Arris, F, ,, 

James Gilpatrick, F, ,, 

Charles H. Hilton, F, ,, 

John McNulty. F, „ 

John O'Brion, F, ,, 

John Plunket, F, 
William P. Arris, F, 
Lewis Beals, Corp., F, 
Daniel J. Linscott, Corp., F, 
Rufus P. Hackett, F, 
Cyrus A. Stinchfield, F, 
Henry Records, F, 
C. Winthrop Jordan, F, 
John S. Brown, F, 
Harrison D. Lowell, F, 
James R. Lowell, Corp., C, died Sept. 

12, 1863, 
Leonard H. Beal, F, 
Charles H. Dyer, F, 
Albert G. Dunham, F, 
George F. Jordan, F, died in service, 
Bennett B. Fuller, F, 
James F. Ayer, F, ,, 

Charles Hodsdon, F, Wales 

Isaac G. Rackley, G, died Dec. 25, 1863, Greene 
Isaac Johnson, K, died Oct. 12, 1864, Turner 
William F. Sawyer, K, Minot 

Amos Maines, C, Webster 

James N. Dunn, A, transferred from I, Lewiston 
Joseph Blackstone, F, Auburn 

W. F. Haradon, F, died in service, ,, 



Danville 



Auburn 
Danville 



Greene 



Poland 

East Livermore 

Lisbon 



Minot 



Military Affairs. 



127 



Charles E. Haradon, F, , Auburn 

James M. Ramsdell, F, ,, 

Freeman L. Jackson, F, . ,, 

Joshua Harmon, F, Wehster 

Adelbert I. Clark, G, Greene 
George R. Sleeper, I, transferred to H, Lewiston 

George H. Clark, Mus., I, ,, 

Luther Litchfield, C, ,, 

John P. Murphy, C, ,, 



Charles L. Newton, C, 
Osgood Ramsdell, C, 
Jesse F. Sweat, C, 
Daniel Severance, C, 
Isaac D. Tarr, C, 
Mark Ham, H, 
Edwin Moulton, Corp., 



C, 



Benjamin Harrington, G, 



Lewiston 



Greene 
Lisbon 



Fourteenth Infantry Reii'tinent. — The Fourteenth was organized at Augusta, 
in December, 1861, to serve three years. Frank S. Nickerson, of Searsport, 
was colonel; Elias Milliken, of Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W. 
Porter, of Bangor, major. In February, 18()2, the regiment started for the 
Department of the Gulf, where it won laurels at Baton Rouge, St Charles 
Court House, Civiquis Ferry, Port Hudson, and in other service. From the 
investment of Port Hudson until its surrender there was not a night in which 
the regiment was not represented in active duty in the trenches, as skirmishers, 
pickets, or sharpshooters. Colonel Nickerson was appointed brigadier-general 
November 29, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Porter, who was advanced from 
major on the resignation of Lieutenant-Colonel Milliken, June 2, 1862, became 
colonel, and Major Charles S. Bickmore succeeded to his office, Captain Albion K. 
Bolan, of Company F, rising to the majority. January 1, 1864, all of the available 
men but forty re-enlisted, and February 10 the Fourteenth sailed for New 
York and was furloughed. Rendezvousing again at New Orleans, March 26, it 
was soon sent to Bermuda Hundred, Va, wliere it joined the Army of the 
James, and later was sent to the Shenandoah Valley. Here, in General Sheri- 
dan's campaign, it lost one-third its numbers in killed, wounded, and prisoners, 
many men falling at Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Opequan, and Cedar Creek, 
among them Lieutenant-Colonel Bickmore. December 23 those whose term of 
service had expired were ordered to Maine, and the re-enlisted men and 
recruits, numbering over 300 men, were consolidated into four companies. 
The old organization of the Fourteenth was mustered out Januarj' 13, 1865. 
Six unassigned com[)anies from Maine were united with the veterans in April, 
1865, and the whole retained the name of Fourteenth until mustered out 
August 28, 1865. The last field officers were Albion K. Bolan, colonel ; John 
K. Laing, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph M. Wiswell, major. 

Abbott says in his "History of Maine": "There seems to have been but 
little rest for this regiment by day or night. Marchings and battles were 
incessant. From May to August they were without tents. However severe 
the storm they had no shelter. Their only camp equipage was their camp- 
kettles carried in their hands. It seems strange that men could endure 
such hardships and live." General Weitzel wrote in high commendation of 
its valor. 



128 



History of Androscoggin County. 



William S. Brown, B, Livermore 

Charles H. Sawyer, F, Lewiston 

William M. Perkins, Serg., G, Poland 

Joseph T. Jordan, '2d, Corp., G, ,, 

Jonathan Crooker, G, died Sept. 26, (52, ,, 
Chipman Cobb, G, ,. 

Marshall C. Cobb, G, died Nov., 1862, 
George W. Herrick, G, ,, 

Bloomfield Herrick, G, ,, 

Freeland M. Herrick, G, promoted Serg., 

died Sept. 8. 1862, 
Lewis J. Morton, G, promoted Serg., 

promoted Lieut, B, ,, 

Newton E. Stowe, Corp., G, trans to B, ,, 
Charles E. Stront, G, ,, 

Augustine Wallace, G, died Jan. 20, 62, ,, 
Charles H. Moody, G, Minot 

Adna T. Cushman, G, transferred to 

14th Maine Bat., Auburn 



Ebenezer A. Libbey, Corp., H, died 

May 25, 1862, Leeds 

Daniel Brown, H, Livermore 

Eliphalet C. Morse, Corp., H, died of 

wounds Nov. 5, 1864, ,, 

John Timberlake, H, ,, 

Edward F. Chase, H, East Livermore 

Clarence G. Haskell, H, killed, ,, ,, 

Charles Walker, H, Turner 

John F. Pinkham, K, Lewiston 

Alfred B. Ridlon, Corp., K, 
George W. Knight, Serg., F, promoted 

2d Lieut in U. S. C. T., Lewiston 

Henry O. Trafton, F, „ 

Charles B. Davis, G, Minot 

Joseph Davis. G, died March, 18()3, „ 

Barton H. Ross, K, Lewiston 

Frank Smith, F, ,, 

Wilmot P. S^ordan, H, 



ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 



Frank Smith, A, Lewiston 
Lewis J. Morton. Serg., B, pro 2d Lieut, Poland 
Jo.seph H. Rounds, Capt., A, tr from H, Danville 

Newton E. Stowe, B, Poland 

Alfred B. Ridlon, C, Lewiston 

Joseph Bertram, C, Auburn 

John Harris, C, ,, 

John McHugh, C, ,, 

Charles Napier, C, ,, 

John Osborn, C, ,, 

Jeremiah Murphy, D, ,, 

Wilmot P. Jordan, A, Lewiston 

Edwin E. Emery, D, ,, 
Andrew Jackson, D, East Livermore 

Patrick Smith, D, Lewiston 

George E. Bordwell, Corp., F, Greene 
Daniel P. Eaton, F, 

James D. Towle, F, Leeds 

Joseph H. Freeman, Capt., H, Minot 

John C. Murdough, Serg., H, - ,, 

Samuel O. Partridge, Corp., H, ,, 

Charles Arris, H, ,, 

Joseph H. Bowker, H, ,, 

John Starbird, H, „ 
Charles A. True, H, 

Jordan G. Carvill, 1st Lieut, H, Leeds 

Azel A. Burnhauj, H, ,, 

Alfred C. Webber, Serg., H, Lisbon 

John A. Douglass, H, killed, ,, 

George W. Jordan, H, ,, 
Charles W. Shea, H, 

Charles Richardson, Serg., H, Lewiston 

Henry Bonney, Corp., H, ,, 
John Butler, H, 



Calvin Carvill, H, Lewiston 

David S. Davis, H, „ 

Albion G. Hayford, H, 

Henry Hutchings, H, ,, 

Floran Jordan, H, ,, 

Flavel R. Jordan, H, ,, 

Ephraim S. Litchfield, H, 

Charles W. Leslie, H, ,, 

Fifield A. Luce, H, 

Francis Niles, H, ,, 

John Ranks, Jr, H, ,, 

Rufus Wright, H, 

Joseph Rounds, Lieut, H, pro Capt., A, Poland 

George W. Berry, H, died July 18, 1865, 

Isaac Cole, H, died June 10, 1864, „ 

Hanson S. Cousens, H, ,, 

Norris Greenwood, H, ,, 

John B. Hunnewell, H, „ 

Albert W. Harris, H, 

Edwin D. Jewell, H, „ 

Silas E. Libby, H, „ 

Alex W. Lunt, H, 

William H. Merrill, H, 

Francis E. Mayberry, H, ,, 

Charles H. Par.sons, H, pro Hsp. Steward, ,, 

Thomas Verrill, H, 

Jona. L. Tobie, H, ,, 

Daniel McKay, H, ,, 

John C. Pendexter, H, ,, 

William Corbett, I, Turner 

Thomas Roustin, I, ,, 

George A. Roberts, I, Lewiston 

Peter McGuire, I, ,, 

James W. Libby, Capt., K, Leeds 



Military Affairs. 



129 



James Carver, K, 
Stephen W. Grant, K, 
George E. Gilbert, K, 
Lloyd A. Gilbert, K, 



Leeds 



David Morse, K, 
Herbert Hunton, Serg., K, 
John P. R. Sleeper, K, 
Charles C. Durgin, Serg., K, 



Leeds 



Poland 



Fifteenth Infaiitry Regiment. — The material of tliis very effective regiment 
was taken largely from Aroostook, Washington, and Penobscot counties. It 
was organized at Augusta in December, 1861, and mustered into United States 
service January 23, 18()2, for three years, with John McCluskey of Houlton, 
colonel; Isaac Dyer of Skowhegan, lieutenant-colonel; and Benjamin Hawes of 
Ashland, major. 

March (3 the Fifteenth left Portland to join the Department of the Gulf at 
Ship Island, and was there, at New Orleans and Carrollton until September 8. 
August 25 Colonel McClusky resigned, and Major Hawes also resigned Sep- 
tember 9. The field officers were now Colonel Isaac Dyer, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Benjamin B. Murray (originally captain of Company A), Major* Franklin M. 
Drew (originally captain of Company G). From Carrollton the regiment went 
to Pensacola, where, until June, 18(>3, it was encamped, Colonel Dyer being in 
command of the troops in West Florida, Forts Pickens and Barrancas being 
included. In its first year of service out of 962 enlisted men it lost 329 by deser- 
tion, discharge, and death, and had never been in battle. June 21 it was ordered 
to New Orleans, joined the Texas expedition of General Banks in October, and 
its flag was the first unfurled on Texas soil. General Ransom selected the 
Fifteenth and Thirteenth Maine to lead the advance of his expedition against 
the rebels at Mustang Island and Forts Semines and Esperanza. Here the 
Fifteenth rendered gallant service and was complimented by the general com- 
manding. It was a part of the army of occupation of Texas until February 
28, marching the whole length of the sea-coast of the state, and suffering 
severely from exposure. It was then made a part of General Banks's Red 
River expedition in which it marched over 700 miles in two months, taking 
conspicuous part in the heavy battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill, 
and participating in actions at Cane River Crossing and Mansura Plains. 

In June it was ordered to New Orleans, in July went to Fortress Monroe, 
where six companies were sent to Bermuda Hundred, while Lieutenant-Colonel 
Murray and Major Drew, in command of the other four companies, participated 
in the campaign against Early's raiders. The regiment (reunited at Monocacy 
Junction, August 4,) was furloughed August 10 for thirty-five days. The 
Fifteenth served in the Shenandoah Valley until after Lee's surrender, when 
it was stationed in different parts of South Carolina. Here its officers were 
largely employed as provost-marshals, provost-judges, members of courts-mar- 
tial and military commissions, and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. This 
regiment was in service longer than other Maine regiments, not being mustered 
out until July 5, 1866. Majors Drew and Whittemore were discharged in 



130 



History of Androscoggin County. 



1865. The field officers at close of service were Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin 
B. Murray and Major John R. Coates. 



ROSTER. 



Charles Dennett, Serg., B, Lewiston 

Alonzo Rogers, Mus., B, Lisbon 

N. A. Beal, B, ,, 

Leeman H. Bard, B, ,, 

B. Franklin Hisgins, Corp., B, Webster 

Andrew Bubier, B, promoted Serg., ,, 

Mariner T. Green, B, drowned Mar. (i, 

1803, Lisbon 

John L. Higgins, B, "Webster 

James S. Metcalf, B, died Jan. 26, 1864, „ 
William H. Metcalf, B, 

Josiah Bragdon, D, died Jan. 27, 1862, Poland 
William Berry, D, died July 13, 1863, 
James W. Duran, D, died Dec. 27, 1861, ,, 
Humphrey S. Edwards, D, died Apr. 1, 

1862, 
Luke Jillson, D, died Jan. 14, 1803, 
Daniel Orr, D, ,, 

Joshua Edwards, D, died Aug. 17, 1802, ,, 
George Storer, H, died Aug. 3, 1862, Auburn 
Joseph Brimijoin, Lisbon 

Otis H. Douglass, B, died June 6, 1862, „ 
Edwin C. Douglass, B, ,, 

Michael Tobin, I, 
Nelson W. Edwards. D, 
Richard Edwards, D, 
Alexander Brown, D, 
Henry F. Brickett, A, 
Edward Pearsons, D, 
Benjamin F. Brown, Lieut, G, ,, 

George Anderson, A, Turner 



Lewiston 
Poland 



Lewiston 
Livermore 



Albert C. Currier, A, 
James Smith, K, 
Jesse B. Austin, D, 
Thomas Cunningham, C, 
Patrick Deehan, C, 
Chase M. Harris, C, 
Henry Lane, C, 
Martin McNilf, C, 
George P. McCarty, C, 
Daniel Patterson, C, 
James Sullivan, C, 
Hira A. Archibald, D, died 
William Bunnell, D, 
Edward H. Gilson, D, died 
Alonzo Impy, D, 
Lendall Knight, D, 
Frank Silvia, E, 
Michael Barnes, F, 
John Sullivan, F, 
William Fitzgerald, F, 
John Iveson, Corp., G, 
George L. Fogg, K, 
William H. Babb, G, died, 
John Colbert, G, 
Thomas Fisher, G, 
Harper C. McKeen, G, 
Oliver Forney, G, 
Patrick Kelly, G, 
Charles E. Shirley, G, 
Lewis Morrin, H, 
John Williams, H, 



Lewiston 

Wales 
Lewiston 

Poland 

Greene 

Lisbon 

Minot 

Turner 

Auburn 

in service, Poland 

Lewiston 



in service. 



Minot 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Lewiston 

Minot 

Lisbon 



East Livermore 
Poland 



Turner 

Minot 

Turner 

Poland 

Minot 



Sixteenth Infantry Rcjihiietit. — In May, 18(i2, recruiting was commenced for 
this organization, whicli was mustered into United States service at Augusta, 
August 14, 1862. The men came from all parts of the state. The field officers 
were Asa W. Wildes, colonel; Charles W. Tilden, lieutenant-colonel; Augustus 
B. Farnham, major. Marshall S. Smith, of East Livermore, was second lieu- 
tenant of Company C; Archibald D. Leavitt, of Turner, captain of Company E. 
Company 1 was in command of William H. Waldron, of Lewiston, captain; 
William Bray, of Turner, first lieutenant ; Charles C. Garcelon, of Lewiston, 
second lieutenant. 

August 19 the Sixteenth left Augusta for Washington, went into camp at 
Arlington Heights on arriving there, and received drill in heavy artillery 
tactics as well as light infantry, but the exigencies of the war soon caused it to 
be ordered into the field in light marching order to resist the invasion of 
Pennsylvania. The knapsacks and overcoats were left behind and later sent 
to Washington. For nearly three months the regiment marched, counter- 



Military Affairs. 



131 



marched, and did duty without a tent to protect the men from cold or storm, 
and the only covering they had was the boughs of trees and an occasional 
bunch of corn-stalks, while for eleven weeks they had no change of undercloth- 
ing. The death-roll and casualities reduced the number to less than 700, while 
of these 250 were on the sick list. This was the more unbearable as all sur- 
rounding regiments were supplied with everything needed for comfort. At 
last the men were properly equipped and called to demonstrate their valor on 
the battlefield. How well that was done, official records testify. The roll of 
honor numbers among others the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, Mine Run, Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill, North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Bethesda Church, 
Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, and South Side 
Railroad. In some of these its loss was nearly fifty per cent, of its numbers, 
while at Gettysburg in three days, out of 248 who were counted for duty, all 
were lost except seventeen. Colonel Wildes resigned January 7, 1863. He 
was succeeded by Colonel Tilden who was taken prisoner, and escaped from a 
nine-months' captivity through the famous tunnel of Libby Prison. Major 
Farnham became lieutenant-colonel Februarj'- 14, 18(33, and was brevetted 
colonel April 1, 1865. Major Leavitt died May 31, 1864, from wounds received 
at Laurel Hill, and Major Abner R. Small succeeded him in office. The regi- 
ment was mustered out June 5, 1865, and the recruits transferred to the 
Twentieth. 

ROSTER. 



Uriah Balkam, Chaiilain, Lewiston 

Hosea D. Manley, Serg.-Maj., Auburn 

Luther E. Burgess, Wag., B, Turner 

Everett G. Ford, B, 

Charles A. Adkins, B, died Dec. 5, 62, ,, 

Joseph W. Richardson, B, ,, 

Benj. F. Hutchinson, B, kd Feb. 7, 6.5, Lewiston 
Marshall S. Smith, 1st Lieut, C, East Livermore 
Columbus A. Whitney, C, Turner 

Nathan Bartlett, Jr, C, died Dec. 10, 

1863, East Livermore 

Orville Brown, C, ,, ,, 

Calvin Beals, C, ,, ,, 

David H. Hinds, C, died, ,, ,, 

Dorillus Hobbs, Corp., C, died, ,, ,, 

N. J. Sanford, C, 



James Ridley, C, 


,, ,, 


James N. Brown, Corp., C, 


»» M 


Smith Hilton, D, 


Lewiston 


Thomas Mason, D, 


jj 


Lorenzo Rourke, D, 


,, 


Nelson A. Lane, I), 


Poland 


Adrian (J. Roberts, I>, 


Minot 



Arch D. Leavitt, Capt., E, pro Maj., died 

May 31, 1864, of wds. Turner 

Aubrey Leavitt, Serg., E, pro 1st Lt, B, ,, 



Jones Whitman, Corp., E, pro Serg., 

pro 1st Lieut, Turner 

Otis Hood, Wag., E, 
Seth H. Alden, E, 
Sidney A. Allen, E, 
Luther Bradford, Serg., E, 
Curtis V. Fales, E, died Oct. 12, 63, 
f4eorge C. Harmond, E, 
Calvin M. Heywood, E, 
Frank M. Merrill, Mus., E, died Dec. 

21, 1862, 
Isaac J. Monk, E, 
Sarson C. Pratt, E, 
Sampson A. Thomas, E, 
Charles P. Winship, E, 
Joseph G. Lamb, Corp., E, pro Serg., Leeds 

Charles R. Berry, E, died of wds Dec. 

25, 1862, 
John A. Buruhara, E, ,, 

Ebenezer Curtis, 2d, E, ,, 

Francis George, E, ,, 

George G. Hussey, E, ,, 

RoUin F. Jennings, E, trans to .5 Me Bat., ,, 
(ieorge H. Peare, E, ,, 

Samuel W. Pettengill, E, trans to V. R. C, ,, 
Granville Richmond, E, ,, 



132 



History of Androscoggin County. 



William W. Wheeler, E, Leeds 
Frank Wiggin, Serg., H, Lewiston 
Wm H. Waldron, Capt., I, pro Capt. 

andA. Q. M., 

Charles A. Garcolon, Lieut, I, ,, 
Kdwin K. Hall, Serg., I, 

E. Freeman Higgins, 1st Sgt, I, died, ,, 

Charles R. Anderson, I, ,, 

Edward Hayes, I, ,, 

John r.alvin, I, trans Vet Kes Corps, „ 

Hiram W. Loring, 1, ,. 

Amos Nevins, I, ,, 

Patrick O'Neil, I, ,, 

Josejih W. I'armenter, I, ,, 

iMathew Roberts, I, trans 5 JSIe. Bat, ,, 

Sebastian S. Vose, I, ,, 

William Bray, l,st Lieut, I, Turner 

Freeman H. Farris, I, ,, 

Stewart Holmes, I, ,, 
Orlando A. Jones, I, miss in act at Fred'b'g, ,, 

George T. Piper, I, ,, 

Thomas L, Roberts, I, ,, 

William B. Staples, I, ,, 
Albert Potter, Serg., I, Webster 

George W. Jordan, Corp., I, ,, 

George B. Haskell, Serg., I, ,, 

Octavius K. Cloudman, I, ,, 

Benj. B. Crockett, I, trans to V. R. C, ,, 

Benj. F. Garcelon, I, died a rebel pris, ,, 

Ephraim L. Jordan, Corp., I, ,, 

Francis A. McKinney, I, ,, 
Aden A. Niles, I, died Dec. 2(), 03, 

Oliver Stover, I, died a rebel prisoner, ,, 

R. N. Waterman, I, ,, 
Zelotus Rowe, Serg., I, died in Libby 

Prison, Lisbon 

Africa P. Cotton, Corp., I, ,, 
Nath Gilpatrick, Corji., I, kd Fred'b'g, 

Dec. 13, 62, „ 
Isaac A. Blake, I, kd Fred'b'g, Dec lo, (52, ,, 

Andrew A. Cotton, I, trans V. R. C, ,, 

Blanchard ('otton, I, died in service, ,, 

Benj. F. Farrar, I, trans Vet Res Corps, „ 

Thomas J. Gould, Serg., I, ,, 

Silas C. Gould, I, kd Dec. 13, 18(i2, ,, 

Daniel Small, Corp., I, ,, 

Nelson H. Wade, 1 , trans Vet Res Corps, ,, 
Charles Wescott, I, 

Hosea D. Manley, I, pro Serg.-Maj., Auburn 

Geo. S. Boutelle, I, died in service, ,, 

George D. Marston, Corp., I, pro Serg., ,, 
Noah Jordan, Mus., I, 
John F. Lewis, I, 

Wilbur F. Mower, Serg., I, pro 2d Lt, Greene 



Jabez P. Pratt, Serg., I, pro 1st Lt, K, Greene 

Araunah H. Briggs, Corp., I, died in 

rebel prison, ,, 

Edward P. Dyer, I, ,, 

George W. Frost, I, died in service, ,, 

Orison W. Hackett, I, ,, 

William Johnson, I, died Oct. 23, 62, ,, 
William H. Michaels, I, died Feb. 18, 63, ,, 

Lora S Patten, I, died Mar. 2, 65, ,, 

Pilugene S. Mower, I, „ 

Edwin H. Nason, I, ,, 

Charles W. Allen, I, Livermore 

James P. Beals, I, Durham 

William Davis, Corp., I, ,, 

Jeremiah Estes, I, died in service, ,, 

Henry Hackett, I, ,, 

George G. Leavens, I, ,, 

Daniel Perry, I, died Mar, 28, 63, Minot 

William H. Miller, C , Lewiston 

Charles D. Ryder, D, Danville 

George Bryan, D, Lewiston 

Michael J. Barrett, D, ,, 
Sylvanus G. Glover, D, miss in act June 

6, 1864, 
James H. Houlahan, D, trans to 20 Me, ,, 

George T. Davis, E, trans to 20 Me, Turner 

John Ellis, E, Lewiston 
Daniel Witherell, E, trans V. R. C, 

Edwin M. Jewell, E, Wales 

Timothy Coharn, G, trans to 20 Me, Lewiston 
Augustus A. Sutherland, G, tr 20 Me, Lisbon 

John Clark, H, Lewiston 

Charles Fisher. H, ,, 

William J. Linscomb, H, ,, 

John Boyd, I, ,, 
William Brown, I, died in Andersonville, ,, 

Roscoe Chandler, I, died Apr. 7, 64, ,, 

Charles McGowan, I, ,, 
Charles H. Thompson, I, died a pris 

Nov. 30, 65, 
Fred W. West, I, died Dec. 22, 63, 

George R. Grover, K, ,, 

David H. Stevens, K, ,, 

Frank Manley, A, trans from K, Auburn 

Thomas Stewart, A, trans to F, ,, 

Charles C. Getchell, A, Durham 

John Kelley, B, trans to 20 Me, Auburn 

Richard Libby, B, died Jan. 29, 65, ,, 

Jonathan Allen, C, trans to 20 Me, Livermore 

John Driscoll, C, trans to 20 Me, Auburn 

Charles W. Wright, C, Danville 

William Tendall, D, Auburn 

George H. Gould, H, trans from A, Lewiston 

William C. Hall, Minot 



Seventeenth Infantry /iff/inwnt. — This body was enlisted from Andros- 
coggin, Cumberland, Oxford, and York counties, and was mustered into 
United States service, August 18, 1862. It left Maine August 21 for Wash- 



Military Affairs. 



133 



ington, and was engaged in garrison duty, in perfecting its drill, and in 
various camps until the winter campaign of 18()2-3. Thomas A. Roberts, 
of Portland, was colonel; Charles B. Merrill, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel; 
and George W. West, of Fort Kent, major. Company C was officered by 
Captain Augustus Golderman, of Minot; Otho W. Burnham, of Poland, first 
lieutenant ; Joseph A. Perry, of Portland, second lieutenant. The captain and 
first lieutenant of Company D were Captain Isaac S. Faunce and Lieutenant 
Milton M. Young, both of Lewiston. The Seventeenth first engaged in battle 
at Fredericksburg, where it drove the charging Confederates back to their 
intrenchments in such a manner as to elicit compliments from General Berry 
for its steadiness under fire. It would be pleasurable to linger over the 
brilliant record of this gallant organization. It was in the hottest of the 
historic engagements of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Cedars, Gettys- 
burg, Orange Grove, Auburn, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania, 
North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Coal Harbor, and at and arouiul Petersburg, 
Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, etc. Ill health caused tlie resignation of 
Colonel Roberts, June 2, 1863. Major West was mustered as colonel, November 
26, wounded at the Wilderness May 0, brevetted brigadier-general December 
2, 1864, and discharged April 17, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Merrill was 
mustered out October 7, 1864. The recruits of the Third Maine were trans- 
ferred to the Seventeenth, June 4, 1864. February 18, 18(55, Company D, 
Second United States Sharpshooters, was transferred to this regiment, and 
consolidated with its several companies. The members of the Seventeenth, 
whose terms of service expired previous to October, 1865, were mustered out 
June 4, 1865, and the others consolidated with the First Maine Heavy 
Artillery. At this time the field officers were Colonel Charles P. Mattocks 
and Lieutenant-Colonel William Hobson. 



ROSTER. 



Henry L. K. "Wiggin, Surgeon, Auburn 

Augustus Goldermann, Capt., C, Minot 

Asa L. Downs, Serg., C, ,, 

George E. Perry, Corp.,C, died in service, ,, 

Edwin G. Parsons, Mus., C, ,, 

Alexander Campbell, C, died in service, ,, 

Samuel Davis, Jr, G, ■ ,, 

Setb B. Day, Corp., C, ,, 

George A. Durgin, Corp., C, pro Sgt, ,, 

James L. Fuller, Corp., C, kd in action, ,, 

Elmer D. Hackett, C, „ 

William H. Hersey, C, ,, 

Hosea Knowlton, C, ,, 

George F. Perkins, C, ,, 

Addison B. Pratt, C, ,, 

George F. Sawyer, C, ,, 

Chas. W. Strout, C, tr Vet. Res. Corps, ,, 

Orin Wbittemore, C, ,, 



Otho W. Burnham, Lieut, C, Poland 

Edward H. Fuller, Corp., C, ,, 

Cyrus T. Pratt, Corp., C, kd in action, ,, 

Stephen W. Gammon, Mus., C, ,, 

George G. Bridgham, (", ,, 

Horace J. Brown, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,, 

Edward S. Chipman, C, ,, 
Allen M. Churchill, C, tr Vet Res Corps, 
Cephas B. Cobb, C, died Aug. 22, G2, 
Chas. Daisey, C, kd May 23, (J3, 

Chas. M. Dockham, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,, 

James T. Donald, C, died Mar. 12, (13, ,, 
George B. Dunn, Sgt,C, pro 2d Lt, Co. B, „ 

Josiah Duran, Corp., C, ,, 
Albert W. Harris, C, 

Samuel F. Haskell, Serg., C, ,, 

George W. Jackson, C, „ 

James M. Mills, C, ,, 



134 



History of Androscoggin County. 



John Noyes, C, Poland 

Andrew J. Pattee, C, kd Gettysburg, 

July 2, ()3, 

Elhanan W. Record, C, „ 

Wentworth P. Ricker, C, i. 

Tillson Waterman, Jr, C, tr V. R. C, ,, 

William H. Woodward, C, >. 
William F. Morrill, Serg., C, Durham 
Jonathan R. Ryerson, C, tr to 1 H. A., Danville 

Edwin P. Gurney, C, .. 
Edward R. Allen, C (Danville), Lewiston 

Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., D, tr to A, ,, 

Milton M. Young, Lt, D, pro Capt., K, ,, 
AVilliam C. Winter, Sgt, D, pro Lieut, 

died Jan. 25, US, „ 

Dan'l J. Chandler, 1st Sgt, D, pro Lt, B, „ 

John F. Putnam, Sgt, D, pro Com. Sgt, ,, 

Levi Willard, Jr, Serg., D, ,, 

Artson K. Dennison, Sgt, D, tr V. R. C, ,, 
Bernard Hogan, Corp., D, mort wd 

Gettysburg, ,, 
Newton W. Parker, Sgt, D, pro 1st Lt, 

kd in act, ,, 

Oliver D. Smith. Corp., D, „ 

George Lothrop, Serg., D, ,, 

Frank C. Houghton, Wag., D, ,, 

Joseph Austin, D, ,, 

Edwin G. Baker, D, tr to V. II. C, ,, 

Nath G. Bickford, D, „ 

William Bodge, D, „ 

Edward Brackett, D, ,, 

Warren S. Butler, D, tr to V. R. C, ,, 

Joseph Chadderton, D, kd June IG, CA, ,, 

George O. Currier, D, ,, 

Richard L. Dalton, 1), ,, 

Melvin Davis, Serg., D, ,, 

Charles A. DeWitt, Corp., I), ,, 
Samuel L. Dwelly, D, died from wds 

July 9, 6.-?, 

Albert Diinlai), D, ,, 
Aaron Dunn, D, tr to V. R. C, 

Oilman Faunce, D, ,, 

Levi Fowler, D, kd Gettysb'g, July 2, 6.3, ,, 
W. P. Gatchell, D, 

Isaac S. Golden, D, „ 

Charles H. Groves, D, ,, 

LaForest Groves, D, ,, 
Thomas C. Haley, D, 

Elijali P. Harmon, D, ,, 

John Hogan, D, ,, 

John Holt, D, „ 

James Hulrae, D, ,, 

Lemuel Jackson, I), „ 

William H. Lane, I), „ 

CJeorge H. Maloon, I), ,, 

Isaiah G. j\Iason, died in service, ,, 

Thomas McCarty, 1), ,, 

Frank A. McDonald, D, kd in action, „ 



Michael McDonald, D, Lewiston 

Martin McNulty, D, . ,, 

George A. Parker, D, pro Serg.-Maj., 

Lt F, and Adjt, 
Geo. I. Parker, D, pro Sgt and 1st Sgt, 
Charles W. Peasley, D, 
Henry H. Penley, Corp., D, 
John A. Reed, D, 
Joshua G. Richardson, D, 
Ezra P. Rogers, D, died of wds in service, 
Isaac Rounds, D (Danville), 
John N. Smith, D, tr to V. R. C, 
Bradford Stevens, D, 
William Stewart, D, 
Michael Sweeney, Corp., D, kd in action, 
Wm. Tindall, D, tr to V. R. C, 
Thomas Toole, D, kd in action, 
Waterman Trafton, D, tr V. R. C, 
Amos G. Winter, D, 
Thomas W. Lord, Sgt, K, pro 2d Lt, Auburn 
Charles A. Beal, Serg., K, ,, 

Adolplius P. Wilson, Corp., K, ,, 

Andrew J. Miller, K, kd Apr. (J, 05, ,, 

Alfred Ring, Corp., K (Danville), 
Pliny L. Wyman, Corp., K, ,, 

Wm. H. Wyman, Wag., K, died in 

service, ,, 

Hiram Andrews, K, ,, 

M. M. Andrews, K, ,, 

Alfred E. Atwood, K, died Jan. 11, 63, 
Hiram Atwood, K, ,, 

James A. Bennett, Corp., K, ,, 

Almon E. Brown (Danville), ,, 

John H. Conley, K, 

John H. Cotton, K, „ 

John McCrocker, K, „ 

Rufus Danforth, K, „ 

William J. Golden, K, 
Elisha Hall, Corp., K, 

Samuel R. Harris, K (Danville), ,, 

Samuel O. Hatch, K, kd at Gettysb'g, ,, 

John F. Hewey, K, ,, 

Aug. A. Keith, Corp., K, kd in action, ,, 

Abraham Libby, K, tr to V. R. C, ,, 

George W. Lord, K, ,, 

Wm H. Lyon, K, kd in action, G.3, ,, 

Wallace Maxfield, K, „ 

Addison A. Miller, K (Danville), 
Francis D. Morey, K, ,, 

Chandler Nason, K, tr to 1st H. A., ,, 

Nahum Niles, K, died Feb. 9, 63, „ 

Leonard R. Penny, K, died Nov. 7, 62, 
Weston S. Rand, K, ,, 

(Jeorge F. Read, K, ,, 

F'rederick D. Read, K, ,, 

Dana Rounds, K, died June 5, 63, ,, 

David Small, K, ,, 

Thomas Storah, K, tr to V. R. C, „ 



Military Affairs. 



135 



Geo. J. Strout, Corp., K, kd Apr. 11, 64, Auburn 
Edwin Verrill, K, died in service, ,, 

Augustine Voung, Corp., K, ,, 

Greenleaf D. Willard, K, ,, 

Joseph J. Jackson. K, Danville 

William Doyle, K, Leeds 

Oliver E. Randall, K, Lewiston 

Charles H. Wright, K, 
Milton M. Young, K, wd July 2, G.^i, died 

Aug. 13, ,) 

Charles W. Brown, C, ,, 

William H. Courson, C, ,, 

Silas McCallister, C, ,, 

John Stanley, C, ,, 

Tallman L. ^Iclntire, D, tr to 1 H. A., 
Henry Hall, E, 

John McDonald, E, tr to V. R. C, 
John r. Barrows, P, tr to 1 H. A., Minot 

John Taylor, F, Lewiston 

Patrick Kelly, H, 

James Shannon, H, ,, 

Patrick Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A., 
John Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 

Samuel Parker, A, kd in service, ,, 

Isaiah Bonney, A, tr f r .3 Me, tr to 1 H. A, ,, 
Francis H. Barnes, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, 

Amos G. Bean, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, 

AnselH. Cram, A,trfr3Me,trto] H.A., ,, 
Daniel Cohan, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, 

Marcellus Cram, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, 

Josephus C. Colby, A, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

1 H. A., 
Josiah Dill, A, tr to 1 H. A., 
Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., A, tr to 1 H. A, ,, 
S. W. G. Gonyea, A, tr to 1 H. A., 
Lafayette Plaisted, A, tr to Co. G, ,, 

Stephen P. Cutler, B, tr fr 1 Me, tr to 

1 H. A., Poland 

Julius G. Chipman, B, ,, 

George B. Dunn, Lt, B, pro 1 Lt, G, ,, 

Arthur L. Coombs B, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston 

Daniel J. Chandler, Lieut, B, ,, 

Patrick Dolan, B, tr fr 3 Me, trto 1 H. A., „ 
John O. Sullivan, B, tr to 1 H. A., 
John Fuller, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 
H. H. Garcelon, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to V. R. C, „ 
E. T. Getchell, C, tr fr 3 Me, „ 

Wm Galoin, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 
Dexter W. Howard, C, pro 2d Lt, E, * Leeds 

Elisha K. Mann, 1st Sgt, C, tr fr 3 Me, 

tr to 1 H. A., Wales 

Jas. A. Cummings, F, died Apr. 19, 05, Auburn 
Thos. Hayes, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston 
Granville Holt, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., „ 
Geo. W. Hatch, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, 
Geo. Hourd, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, 



Jona Hutchinson, Jr, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

H. A., Minot 

James Britten, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston 
Chas. McCarroll, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, 
John J. O'Connell, E, tr fr 3 Me, kd Oct. 

17, 04, 
Dexter W. Howard, E, joined as Lt fr C, Leeds 
Edward E. Jones, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 

H. A., Minot 

Josiah Winslow, F, ,, 

Bartholomew Cuff, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 

H. A., Lewiston 

Patrick Lyons, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 
M. N. Shephard, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ 
Rufus F. Dexter, G, died of wds in service, „ 
Geo. B. Dunn, 1st Lt, G, pro Capt., K, Poland 
John Fallen, G, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston 

Calvin Kneeland, G, tr fr 3 Me, ,, 

Geo. H. Leighton, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., „ 
L. F. Miller, G, tr fr 3 Me, died July 4, (54, ,, 
Michael A. Murphy, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., ,, 
Geo. W. Ryerson, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 

H. A., 
Michael Riley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 
Orrin Rogers, G, tr fr 3 Me, 
Samuel A. Seeley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

IH. A., 
Chas. Stewart, G, tr fr 3 Me, d in serv, 
Joseph Newell, G, never joined company, „ 
Chas. H. Lewis, Corp., H, tr fr 3d Me, tr 

to 1 H. A., 
John Primrose, H,tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, 
Roscoe Smith, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A.. „ 
James P. Thompson, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

IH. A., 
Melville A. I'erkins, H, died May 3, 05, Auburn 
Edward L. Stevens, H, tr fr 3 Me, Turner 

Newton W. Parker, Lieut, I, killed, Lewiston 
Charles Lisbon, I, " 

Martin McElroy, I, tr fr 3 Me, 
Wm. C. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me, died, ,, 
Henry H. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me, 
Mark Tripp, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., 
John L. Tubbs, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ 
Chas. Wellman, I, tr fr 3 Me, 
Wm. A. Ward, I, tr fr 3 Me, 
James C. Smith, I, tr fr 3 Me, killed, Livermore 
Orville Swett, I, never joined Co., Durham 

Lloyd B. Caswell, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

1 H. A., Leeds 

Robert W. Austin, K, Danville 

John Nixon, K, Lewiston 

Acton Wheeler, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 

IH. A., 
John Warner, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ 
Orville Young, K, tr fr 3 Me, „ 



For Eiiihteenth Regiment see First Regiment Heavy Artillery. 



136 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Nineteenth Infantry Regiment. — T\\\s regiment enlisted mostly in Knox, 
Kennebec, Waldo, and Sagadahoc counties, was organized at Bath, August 25, 
1862, for three years. The field officers were Colonel Frederick D. Sewall, 
who had served as assistant adjutant-general on the staff of General Howard; 
Lieutenant-Colonel Francis E. Heath, who had been a captain in the Third 
from organization ; ^lajor Henry W. Cunningham, a former captain of the 
Fourth. The original members whose terms of service expired before October, 
1865, were mustered out of service jNIay 31, 1865, and the others united with 
the First JNlaine Heavy Artillery. 

Leaving Bath August 27, 1862 (having been raised, organized, and equipped 
in less than four weeks), it arrived at Washington August 29, and was ordered 
to the defenses of the city. In October it operated in the Shenandoah valley, 
and at Charleston, October 16, first came under fire, wliere it behaved with the 
same coolness and steadiness that characterized the regiment in every subse- 
quent engagement. November 17 it took position at Falmouth in front of 
Fredericksburg, and participated in the five-days' battle in December. It was 
classed among the first regiments of the corps for discipline, bravery, and 
efficiency. At Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Bristow Station, Gettysburg, 
Wilderness, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, Po River, Tolopotomoy, North Anna, 
Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, Strawberry Plains, 
Boydton Road, and in otlier actions did this grand regiment conduct itself 
most gallantly, taking prisoners, capturing colors, and winning commendation. 
Over one-half its number were killed and wounded at Gettysburg. Colonel 
Sewall resigned February 19, 1863 ; Colonel Heath, November 1, 1863. 
Colonel Selden Connor was promoted to brigadier-general July 1, 1864, and 
Colonel James W. Welch resigned October 21, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel 
Cunningham was mustered out June 11, 1864. The regimental commanding 
officers in its later service were Colonel Isaac W. Starbird, commissioned 
November 16, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph W. Spaulding, December 2, 
1864; and Major David E. Parsons, November 1(), 1864. 

ROSTER. 



Benjamin F. Sturgis, Assistant Surgeon. 



Henry A. Ham, Corp., F, 


Wales 


George W. Hodgman, F, 


,, 


Wm S. Small, F, 


jj 


Thomas L. Bubier, F, tr V. R. C, 


Leeds 


Addison D. Gilbert, F, 


J, 


Calvin B. Keen, F, 


J, 


Moses S. Dennett, 1st Serg., F, 


Levviston 


Henry H. Lake, F, tr 4 U. S. Art., 


,, 


Thomas S. Rose, F, 


Greene 


Jeremiah Sullivan, K, tr V. R. C, 


Lewiston 


John G. Curtis, A, 


,, 



John Carter, A, tr fr 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., 



Benjamin C. Hatch, B, Lewiston 

Narcisse Lamare, B, ,, 
Wm H. H. Small, Corp., B, tr 1 H. A., 

John J. Dalmage, C, ,, 

Rufus Richardson, C, tr 1 H. A., ,, 

Martin V. B. Richardson, C, ,, 

Charles Ludes, D, tr 1 H. A., ,, 

Joseph W. Wilbur, D, ,, 

Orrin I. Peterson, D, tr V. R. C, Poland 
Augustus Campbell, E, trto 1 H. A., Livermore 

William Farr, E, killed May G, 64, Lewiston 
Lora H. Collins, F, 

Walter Jerald, Serg., F, tr 1 H. A., „ 



Military Affairs. 



137 



George Morris, F, Lewiston 

Marcus M. Stone, F, tr 1 H. A.. ,, 
Patrick Sweeney, F, d in rebel prison 

Aug. 27, 64, 

James H. Durgan, G, ,, 

Rinaldo A. Labree, G, tr to V. R. C, ,, 
William H. H. Small, G, 

Adolphus P. Wilson, G, ,, 

Edward Bogue, I, ,, 

Joseph Baker, I, ,, 

John Curran, I, ,, 

Patrick Harrigan, I, died June 10, Gi, „ 

George Bixby, K, ,, 

William Greenwood, K, tr 1 H. A., ,, 
James W. Hicks, K, tr to 1 H. A., 

Loring McKeen, K, ,, 

Norman McKinsey, K, ,, 
John L. Thompson, K, died from wnds 

at Wilderness, ,, 
John H. Williams, K, tr 1 H. A., 
Daniel Dana, B, tr fr. 4 Me, d Nov. 3, fi4, „ 

James H. Hutchinson, B, ,, 
Joseph Jordan, B, Webster 



John L. Higgins.C, tr f r. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Webster 
Nathan B. Harlow, C, tr from 4 Me, tr 1 

H. A., Auburn 

George M. Hatch, C, Lewiston 

Seth W. Jackson, C, tr from 4 Me, died 

Oct. 4, 64, 
Frank Larvin, C, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., ,, 
Charles W. Merrill, C, tr from 4 Me, tr 

1 H. A., Lisbon 

Patrick Bray, F, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston 
Michael King, F, „ 

Maxim Layois, F, tr 1 H. A., „ 

Justus C. Briggs, F, died in rebel prison 

Aug. 10, ()4, Turner 

Hezekiah D, Morse, F, tr from 4 Me, tr 

1 H. A., Poland 

James B. Davis, G, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston 

William B. Ellis, G, tr 1 H. A., 
Hugh Hunter, G, tr 1 H, A., „ 

Peter Lee, G, tr 1 H. A., 
George Wilbur, G, ,, 

Edwin F. Carter, K, died April 14, (54, ,, 

Samuel E. Kenniston, K, tr 1 H. A., ,, 



Twenfieth Infantri/ Bc(/imenf. — This was organized at Portland, August 
29, 1862, to serve three years. It was extremely well organized, and the 
personnel of its officers bespoke for it a brilliant service, which the regiment 
fully maintained. Professor Joshua L. Chamberlain, of Bowdoin College, 
availed himself of a leave of absence granted him to visit Enrope to offer 
himself to Governor Washburn for military service, and was appointed lieu- 
tenant-colonel of this regiment, and took command of the rendezvous until the 
organization and the arrival of Colonel Adelbert Ames, who had been educated 
at West Point. From graduation in 1861 he was in active service as captain, 
and for gallantry at jMalvern Hill was recommended for two brevets, and 
commissioned colonel of the Twentieth. Major Charles D. Gilmore was of 
Bangor, Lieutenants Augustus H. Strickland, Company I, and William W. 
Morrill, Company K, were of Livermore. September 3, 1862, the regiment 
left the state for the Potomac, and immediately entered upon the severe duties 
of the Maryland campaign ; it took part in Antietam, Fredericksburg, and 
many reconnoissances, skirmishes, and expeditions during the winter. In the 
movements preceding the battle of Chancellorsville the regiment was left in 
camp, the men having been inoculated with small-pox through mistake, and 
Colonel Ames secured detached service on General Meade's staff. At the 
sound of the first gun of the battle Lieutenant-Colonel Chamberlain solicited 
the privilege of taking the regiment somewliere on the line, saying that " we 
would give the rebels the small-pox if nothing else," and was soon put in 
charge of the signal and telegraph lines from headquarters to the several 
stations on the battlefield. May 20 he was commissioned colonel. July 2, 
1863, the Twentieth had to hold the extreme left of the Union line, and with- 



138 



History of Androscoggin County. 



stood an attack of an entire rebel brigade for two hours in front, flank, and 
rear. Holding the position with the loss of half its men, it drove the remnants 
of Hood's division before it, and captured and held all night the heights of 
Round Top, taking more than double its own number in prisoners. The credit 
of capturing Hound Top is entirely due to the Twentieth, and for it they were 
officially thanked by brigade, division, and corps commanders, and Colonel 
Chamberlain recommended by all for promotion. He was dangerously wounded 
at Petersburg, June 18, and "for meritorious and efficient service on the held 
of battle, and especially for gallant conduct," he was appointed brigadier- 
general by General Grant on the field — the only instance of the kind in the 
history of the army. The Twentieth passed the winter of 1863-4 at Rappa- 
hannock Station, which it had aided in capturing, and joined the campaign of 
brilliant service which embraced the battles of Locust Grove, Spottsylvania, 
Laurel Hill, North Anna, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Peeble's Farm, 
Hatcher's Run. It also did gallant duty during its service at Mine Run, Wil- 
derness, Five Forks, was skirmishing with the enemy at Appomattox when Lee 
surrendered, and was one of the regiments designated to receive the Confed- 
erate arms. Major Gilmore had risen to be colonel, and resigned May 29, 
1865, and was succeeded by Colonel Spear. Lieutenant-Colonel Walter G. 
Morrill and Major Atherton W. Clark were discharged June 4, 1865, and 
Colonel Ellis Spear, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain and Major 
George R. Abbott were in command until the final muster-out, July 16, 1865. 
The original members whose service expired before October, 1865, had been 
mustered out in June, when the men of the Sixteenth Regiment and First 
Sharpshooters were transferred to the Twentieth. 

ROSTER. 



Aug. H. Strickland, Lieut, C, Livermore 

Daniel If. Kilbreth, Serg., C, ,, 

Sereah M. Pratt, Corp., C, ,, 
Albert C. Pray, Corp., C, promoted 

Serg. -Major, ,, 

Edward R. Brown, C, ,, 
Elisha (). Drake, C, 

Lucius M. Joslin, C, ,, 

Davi.s Jjarrabee, C, ,, 
William Libby, C, 

George D. Neal, Serg., C, ,, 

Albert Roberts, C, ,, 

Seba Smith, C, trans to V. 11. C, ,, 
Oliver L. Stevens, C, died of wounds 

July 11, 6:5, 
Alexis C. Taylor, C, 

Arad Thompson, Serg., C, pro Capt., K, ,, 

Philip Williams, C, trans to V. R. C, „ 
Henry C. Simmons, C, died Dec. 13, ()2, Turner 

"Winslow Turner, C, Leeds 
George F. .Toy, Corp., K, Durham 



James H. Miller, Corp., K, tr V. R. C, Durham 
Irving Tyler, Mus., K, ,, 

Wm H. Pollister, K, trans to V. R. C, „ 
James R. Merrill, K, kd at Gettysburg, ,, 
.lohn F. Bickford, K, Danville 

George W. Carleton, K, Lewiston 

Frank Clark, Serg. -Major, pro from K, Auburn 
Josei)li Tyler, Mus., Durham 

Louis Benoit, A, Lewiston 

Wm. W. Morrill, Capt., A, killed May 

8, 64, Livermore 

Melvin W. Marston, D, Durham 

Geo. Bryan, D, trans fr 16tli Me, Lewiston 

Reuben H. Estes, D., trans fr 1st S. S., ,, 
James Houlahan, D, tr fr 16th Me, ,, 

Eugene Hinkley, E, tr fr 1st S. S.,trtoI, ,, 
George T. Davis, D, tr fr 16tb Me, Turner 

George R. Grover, G, tr fr 16 Me, Lewiston 

Francis H. Reed, G, Minot 

Joseph Macomber, H, died in rebel pri., Durham 
Alonzo G. Turner, H, „ 



Military Affairs. 139 



John Sullivan, H, Minot 

Otis Thompson, H, Poland 

Jolin Whittinghaui, H, Lewiston 

Micliael Mot4ooty, I, Auburn 

John Newbury, I, Lewiston 

Samuel B. Libby, K, Durham 



Enoch F. Newell, K, Sgt., Durham 

Enoch M. Billington, K, tr £r 10 Me, Auburn 

Timothy Cahan, K, tr fr KJ Me, Lewiston 

William Day, K, Auburn 

Lawrence Doyle, K, Lewiston 
William T. Rowe, K, tr fr 1(1 Me, 



Twenty-First Infantry Bcyiment .—T\\\& was a nine-months' regiment, organ- 
ized at Augusta in September, and mustered October 14, 1862. Elijah D. 
Johnson, of Lewiston, was colonel ; Nathan Stanley, of Vassalboro, lieutenant- 
colonel ; Benjamin G. Merry, of Bath, major. It joined General Banks at New 
York, where he was organizing his expedition for opening the Mississippi, and 
on arrival in Louisiana was stationed at Baton Rouge, where miasma soon caused 
great suffering from disease. It did good service in the various attacks on 
Port Hudson, was one of the first regiments to approach the works, fought 
against superior numbers with the courage of veterans, and in the terrible 
encounters of May 27 and June 14, LS63, did well its part, although suffering 
great loss. Its term of service expired during the siege, but the men 
volunteered to serve until the capture of the city, which was accomplished 
July 9, 1863. They received compliments from General Banks for the efficient 
service they had rendered. July 25 the regiment started for Maine, where it 
was mustered out August 25, 1863, after nearly a year's service, during which 
it traveled over 4,000 miles. 

Twenty-Sfcond Infantry Regiment. — Another nine-months' regiment mus- 
tered into United States service at Bangor, October 18, 1862. Simon G. 
Jerrard, of Levant, was commissioned colonel; Olonzo G. Putnam, of Dover, 
lieutenant-colonel. Its service was principally on the lower Mississippi. It 
was the first regiment to occupy Baton Kouge, drove the enemy at Franklin, 
La, did constant duty during the siege of Port Hudson, and was quartered 
inside the works after the surrender. It was mustered out at Bangor, August 
14, 1863, its term of enlistment having expired. Androscoggin county was 
represented in Company E by Edward W. Weymouth of Webster. 

Tiventy-Third Infantry Regiment. — This organization was made up almost 
entirely by men of Androscoggin and Oxford counties, and was mustered into 
United States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, to serve nine months. 
"It is believed that in moral and intellectual qualities the men of this regiment 
have not been exceeded by any sent from the state. A large number of our 
most intelligent citizens, graduates of seminaries and colleges, men of culture 
and wealth, were found in its ranks, and the number of men of foreign birth 
would scarcely exceed a dozen in the entire regiment."^ The commissioned 
regimental officers were : William Wirt Virgin, of Norway, colonel ; Enos T. 
Luce, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel: Alfred B. Soule, of Lewiston, major; 
Winthrop H. Hall, of Palmyra, adjutant ; William Bray, of Turner, quarter- 

1" Maine in the War." 



140 



History of Androscoggin County. 



master ; Jesse P. Sweat, of Brownfield, surgeon; Richard R. Ricker, of Minot, 
assistant surgeon ; Joseph C. Snow, of Norway, chaplain. 

Companies A, 1), E, G, and I were Androscoggin companies. The 
Twenty-third passed its ten months of service at various points along the 
Potomac, and acquired a high reputation for efficiency in drill and guard duty. 
During this time it had its share of hard marches, performed much fatigue, 
guard, and picket duty, but was never under fire. This is no discredit to 
either officers or men, as they were well-disciplined, doing their duty promptly 
and well. The citizens of Edwards Ferry, where the regiment was on guard 
for months, in a letter to the brigade commander said of the Twenty-third : 
" At no time since the occupation of this section of the state by military 
forces have we sustained so little detriment to our property by the depreda- 
tions of soldiers; no regiment has done so much towards diminishing the 
inconveniences inseparable from a state of war and effacing the distinction 
between years of former peace and the current turbulent times. Intelligence, 
urbanity, and all the soldierly qualities in our opinion characterize the officers 
and men of this regiment in an eminent degree ; and in declaring our 
unanimous and grateful recognition of their qualities we perform not only a 
pleasant, but what seems to us an imperative duty." 

June 27, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Portland, where it was 
mustered out July 15, having lost fifty men by disease and accident. 



Enos T. Luce, Lt-Col, 

Richard R. Ricker, Asst-Surg., 

Robert M. Sykes, F. M., 

William Bray, Q. M., 

Alfred B. Soule, Major, 

Dudley B. Varuey, Capt., A, 

Kirke W. Moses, Lieut, A, 

Henry A. Norcross, Lieut, A, pro Adjt, 

Sumner Nason, Sgt, A, pro Lieut, 

Wm Bagnall, Sgt, A, 

Ethelbert C. Caswell, Sgt, A, 

Wm F. Forbes, Sgt, A, 

Ed. M. Dearborn, Sgt, A, 

Alvali J. Hervoy, Corp., A, 

Israel B. Merrill, Corp., A, 

Lloyd (}. Arnold, Corp., A, 

Abel D. Cook, Corp., A, 

Frank M. Follansbee, Corp., A, 

Nathaniel Davis, Corp., A, 

Uriah Reed, Corp., A, 

Thomas F. Doyle, Corp., A, 

Wm Wing, Mus., A, 

John Neal, Mus., A, 

Jas. R. Fairbrother, Wag., A, 

Albert A. Barker, A, 

George B. Bearce, A, 



ROSTER. 




Auburn 


Joseph F. Berry, A, 


Lewi 


Minot 


Richard Black, A, 




Auburn 


Charles E. Blackwell, A, 




Turner 
jcwiston 


Charles M. Bradbury, A, 
William F. Brann, A, 
William C. Bridge, A, 
Freeman Burleigh, A, 
Philip Cantlon, A, 
John H. L. Chick, A, 
John Clear, A, 
Frank A. Conant, A, 
Aaron T. Corliss, A, 
James M. Crockett, A, 
Benjamin P. Cummings, A, 
Roscoe G. Day, A, 
Charles P. Dean, A, 
Peter J. Dresser, A, 
Henry N. Eastman, A, 
Joshua B. Emery, A, 






Barton A. Fields, A, died Nov. 


29, 62, „ 




Robert A. Fields, A, 






John B. Fowler, A, 






Francis M. Gammage, A, 






Caleb S. Gilbert, A, 






Joseph R. Gilbert, A, 
G. W. Goodbehere, A, 





Military Affairs. 



141 



Simon P. Gray, A, Lewiston 

Amos Hadley, A, ,, 

Freeman C. Hall, A, ,, 

John L. Ham, A, ,, 

Edwin Haskell, A, ,, 

Cyrus Hayford, A, ,, 

Joseph D. Harville, A, ,, 

William N. Higgins, A, „ 

Henry H. Hinckley, A, ,, 

Walter S. Hodges, A, ,, 

Charles K. Hooker, A, ,, 

Allen Hogarth, A, ,, 

Charles E. Huston, A, ,, 
John M. Jackson, A, pro Lieut 'o2 Mc, ,, 

Peter Jerris, A, ,, 

James B. Ladd, A, ,, 

Elbridge T. Landers, A, „ 

Moses Lee, A, ,, 

Joseph M. Litchfield, A, ,, 

Samuel A. Lord, A, ,, 

William H. Love, A, ,, 

Roscoe F. Ludwig, A, ,, 

William H. Mace, A, „ 

Dennis Mara, A, ,, 

William McDonald, A, ,, 

Cleveland B. Merrill, A, ,, 

Fred Miller, A, ,, 

Jonas A. Mitchell, A, ,, 

Patrick Munster, A, ,, 

John Murphy, A, ,, 

Elbridge G. Oaks, A, „ 

John Oliver, A, ,, 

Silas Perham, A, ,, 

John Pinkham, A, „ 

Dennis Roberts, A, „ 

John Rogers, A, ,, 

Hiram B. Rose, A, ,, 

Patrick Rowan, A, ,, 

John Sheehan, A, ,, 
Nath E. Skelton, A, 

Phineas W. Skinner, A, ,, 

Aretas Small, A, ,, 

John B. Stickney, A, ,, 

Jeremiah A. Sullivan, A, ,, 

Everett Temple, A, ,, 

Ivory Temple, A, ,, 
Elbridge G. Thomas, A, 
Earl S. Ware, A, 

Amos Whitney, A, ,, 

Chester Whitney, A, ,, 

John S. Winslow, A, ,, 
Henry E. Wood, A, 
John C. Wright. A, 

Charles E. Bradford, Capt., D, Turner 
Horace C. Haskell, Lieut, D, promoted 

Capt., March 1, 63, ,, 

Chandler B. Bailey, 1st Serg., D, ,, 

Job P. Leavitt, Serg., D, pro Lieut, ,, 

James Clark, Corp., D, ,, 



John E. Ashe, Corp., D, pro Serg., Turner 

Benj. F. Hodsdon, Corp., D, ,, 

Thaddeus Leavitt, Corp., D, ,, 

Lewis P. Bradford, Corp., D, ,, 
Thomas AV. Davis, Corp., D, d Jan. 14, (i3, ,, 

William Smith, Musician, D, ,, 

Jason L. Allen, D, ,, 

Benjamin F. Beals, D, ,, 

John O. Bean, D, ,, 

Mellen A. Bearce, D, ,, 

Asa L. Berry, D, ,, 

Charles Blake, D, „ 

Leonard P. Bradford, D, ,, 

Philip Bray, D, pro Com. Serg., ,, 

Benjamin L. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,, 

Morrill E. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,, 

Samuel S. Butler, D, „ 

James A. Cary, D, ,, 

Luther K. Carey, D, „ 

Thomas T. Cary, D, „ 

Howard Conant, D, „ 

Sanford Conant, D, „ 

Benjamin Cox, D, ,, 

Jason Cutler, D, ,, 
William H. Delano, D, 

Elbridge G. Francis, D, „ 

Edwin S. French, D, ,, 
Edwin E. Fuller, D, 
Hartwell S. French, D, 

Lewis D. Hayford, D, „ 

Cyrus W. Hersey, D, ,, 

George F. Holmes, D, „ 

Ronello B. Keene, D, „ 

Lorenzo S. Leavitt, D, ,, 

James McCorrison, D, ,, 

Calvin McKenney, D, ,, 

Marcellus S. Merrill, D, ,, 

Shirley Merrill, I), ,, 

Winslow Merrill, D, ,, 

Samuel T. Perry, D, „ 

Isaac Phillips, D, ,, 

Edson Reckards, D, „ 

George G. Richardson, D, ,, 

Ira A. ShurtlelT, D, „ 

Edgar E. Swett, D, ,, 

George C. Wheaton, D, ,, 

James A. Whiting, D, „ 

Jolin B. Woodman, D, ,, 
Hiram Moore, Lieut., D, Minot 
Frank H. Hall, Corp., D, 

John A. Barrows, D (Auburn) killed, ,, 

Azor Bicknell, D, ,, 

Horace C. Briggs, D, ,, 

Justus H Briggs, D (Auburn), „ 

James Cox, D, ,, 

Albion A. Crooker, D, ,, 

Wellington D. Curtis, D, „ 

Charles R. Davis, D, ,, 

James L. Dingley, D, „ 



142 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Albert Downes, D, Minot 

Joseph Freeman, D, ,, 

Charles H. Martin, D, „ 

Judson B. Swett, D, „ 

Daniel H. Woodward, D, ,, 
Almon C Pray, Capt., E, Auburn 

Freedom H. Lander, 1st Lieut, E, ,, 

James White, E, Serg., pro Lieut, T, ,, 
Joseph Littlefield, Serg., E, pro 1st Serg., ,, 

Alex Stinson, Serg., E, ,, 

George W. Bailey, Corp., E, ,, 

Aug H. Haskell, Corp., E, „ 

Joseph Gould, Corp., E, ,, 

George W. Noyes, Corp., E, ,, 

J. B. K. Drake, Mus., E, „ 

Frank H. Keed, Mus., E, „ 

Horace C. Thayer, Wag., E, ,, 

P^ancis Allen, E, ,, 

Henry H. Bailey, E, „ 

George S. Boutelle, E, died in service, ,, 

Aug E. Briggs, E, „ 
Jeff L. Briggs, E, 

A. H. Chamberlain, E, ,, 

Harrison A. Coffin, E, ,, 

Charles H. Curtis, E, ,, 

David S. Curtis, E, ,, 

James Dingley, Jr, E, ,, 

John T. Dennison, E, ,, 
Calvin F. Durrell, E, 
Elias E. Elliott, E, trans to 25 Me, 

Jona L. Flagg, E, ,, 

Oscar F. Gammon, E, ,, 
Geo. B. Glover, E, 

Aug D. Gurney, E, ,, 

Isaac Haskell, E, ,, 

Simeon H. Haskell, E, ,, 

Stephen VV. Hersey, E, ,, 
Wm W. Holmes, E, 

Stafford B. Jones, E, ,, 

Charles M. Keith, E, „ 
Nath H. Lander, E, 

George W. Lane, E, ,, 

Arthur G. Larrabee, E, ,, 

Joshua Littlefield, Jr, E, ,, 

Frank O. Lovejoy, E, ,, 

John McDonald, E, ,, 
Clark Mitchell, E, 
Thos. P. Mitchell, E, 

James W. Morgan, E, died May 21, 1862, ,, 

George F. Merrow, E, ,, 

George F. Newell, E, ,, 

George W. Nickerson, Serg., E, ,, 

Charles S. Ricker, E, ,, 

Ilufus E. Rounds, E, ,, 

Charles F. Sawyer, E, ,, 

Edward H. Sawyer, E, ,, 
Jo-seph M. Small, E, died Dec. 28, 1862, „ 

Leonard O. Smith, E, ,, 

Abel C. T. Stevens, E, „ 



William S. Stevens, E, Auburn 

Robert M. Sykes, E, „ 

Royal F. Starbird, E, „ 

Richard H. Swett, E, „ 

Wm K. Vickery, E, „ 

Augustus White, E, ,, 

Charles W. Gerrish, Lieut, E, Lisbon 

Wm H. H. Atwood, E, „ 

Ozias B. Cotton, E, „ 

Samuel G. Dingley, E, ,, 

Edsel A. Douglas, E, „ 

Benj. R. Durgin, E, ,, 

Chas. W. Felch, E, . „ 

Wm. C. Green, E, ,, 

Hiram B. Higgins, E, ,, 

Lorenzo Hinckley, E, „ 

Abel G. Jackson, E, „ 

Abner Jordan, E, ,, 

Robt. E. Mitchell, E, ,, 

Caleb C. Smith, E, 

John A. Smith, E, 

John Wallace, E, „ 

Alfred Wescott, E, 

Josiah T. Jordan, Serg., E, Webster 

^Matthew S. Jordan, Serg., E, 

Robert H. Niles, Corp., E, 

Winfield B. Cutter, Corp., E, 

Benjamin D. Bryent, Corp., E, 

Charles Mann, Corp., E, 

William F. Alexander, E, 

Nath Courson, E, 

Edward J. Cutter, E, 

Benjamin P. Jordan, E, 

Darius Jordan, E, 

Harris W. Jordan, E, 

John Leigh, E, 

Llewellyn S. Libby, E, 

George A. Moody, E, 

Franklin T. Robinson, E, 

Horatio G. Small, Corp., E, 

Evander Tarbox, E, 

Alonzo Tarr, E, 

James Thompson, E, 

Lincoln E. Woodbury, E, 

Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland 

Joseph H. Freeman, Lieut, G, ,, 

Lucius D. Fisher, Serg., G, ,, 

Solomon D. Cushmau, Corp., G, ,, 

Lucius Davis, Corp., G, ., 

Charles S. Libby, Corp., G, ,, 

Sidney A. Griffin, Corp., G, „ 

Greenlief Emery, Corp., G, ,, 

Alviu F. Foss, Corp., G, ,, 

Silas A. Megquier, Corp., G, ,, 

Eugene L. Dennen, Mus., G, ,, 

William H. Allen, G, died Dec. 10, 62, 

Clarenton W. Benson, Corp., G, ,, 

Eben Bowen, G, died Jan. 28, 63, 

Joseph R. Bragdon, G, died Jfii;. 23, 63, ,, 



Military Affairs. 



Stephen Bray, G, 

Ezra D. Chandler, G 

Samnel F. Chaplin, G, trans U. S N 

Levi E. Cole, G, ' 

Osgood Cole, G, 

Almon Crooker, G, 

Benjamin Davis, G, 

Moses B. Davis, G, ' 

Timothy T. Downing, G, 

Samuel H. Dudley, G, 

Bertrand F. Dunn, G,' 

Alfred Dustin, G, ' 

James W. Field, G, 

William G. Gerry, G, 

Noah H. Goodwin', G, 

Francis A. Hannaford, G, 

Bloomville Herrick, G, 

Mark A. Herrick, G, 

Aug M. Jackson, G, 

Charles W. Jordan,' G, 

Andrew Kilgore, G, 

Elvin W. Locke, G,' 

Lemuel F. ^[arshall, G, 

Joseph W. Mills, G, 

William W. Pratt, G, 

Joseph Reed, G, 

Willard Stone, 6, 

Charles H. Tripp,' G, 

Joseph P. Tripp, G ' 

Thomas J. True, Jr', G, drown Jan. 20 63 

Jeremiah Verrill, G "'"■ ■^'J,bd, 

Plnneas Walker, G,'died Jan. 14, 63 
George L. Whitman, G, 

Edwin Woodsum, G, 

David Woodsum, G ' 

Cbarles Thurston, 1st Lieut, G nn •„ 

Joseph Rounds, Serg., G, i>anv,lle 

Joseph Goss, Serg.,G', 

Horatio Benson, G, 

Cyrus Cobb, G, 

Judson Dawes, G, 

Orrin Emerson, G, 

Brackett M. Field, G, 

Charles L. Field, G 

EdwardK.Fit.,G,'diedDec.8,62. 
Charles M. Goss, G, 

Aaron Knights, G,' 

Dominicus Libby, G, 

Gershom C. Libby, G, 

Lewis McKinney, G, ' 

Warren B. McKenney, G 

Seward Penley, G, 
Stephen M. Pullen, G, 
William D. Pulcifer, G, 
Calvin B. Rice, G, 
Elbridge G. Robinson, G 
Erancis R. Rounds, G, 
William W. Royal, G,' 
WilUam L. Shackley, G 



Liven 



James L. Shackley, G, 
Andrew M. Smith, G, ' 
George ^Vagg, G, 
Ezekiel D. Witham, G 
Thatcher W. Parker, I'st Serg a 
Josiah H. Mower, Serg G 
Lowell M. Mower, Corp' G 
Jarvis T. Beal, G, ' ' 

Moses C;. Beal, G,' 
William Beal, G,' 
Charles A. Bradbury G 
Converse R. Daggett, G,' 
Alvah N. Dexter, G, 
William Donnell, g', 
Chris C. Gorman, G,' 
James M. Lowell, g', 
Charles H. Morse G 

Darius Pease, G, died Dec. 11, 1862, 
Lllery Perea, G, 

Charles H. Pratt, G, 

Henry A. Smith, G,' 

Edwin W. Taylor, G, 

James S. Nash, Capt' I 

Amos Leavitt,Corp.,'l, pro Serg., 

Johns ders. Corp., I. pro SeW., 
JMiiton Leavitt, Corp. I 

Samuel D. Merrill, Corp I 

Cyrus M. Barrows, Mus 'l' 

John M. Bumpus, I ' ' 

Willard Carver, I, 

John Casey, I, 

Jacob G. Edge'combe, I, 

Lee Edgecombe, I, 

Elbridge P. Gibbs,' I, 

Charles H. Harrington I 

Lorenzo B. Harrington, l' 

Fred A. Haskell, I, 

Isaac Hewett, I, 

Emerson W. Hill, I 

Drewrie Howard,!,' 

Henry R. Merrill, I, 

Roscoe Merrill, I, 

Samuel D. Merrill, I, 

Joseph R. Oldham', I, 

Samuel H. Peterson, 'l, 

George W. Bobbins, I,' 

Davis T. Timberlake I 

Henry C. Wentworth, Lieut I Ea.f r • " 

William W. Noyes,ls;Ser" I ^^^^^more 

pro Capt., * ' ' 

James L. Morse, Corp., I 
Caleb W. Brown, I, 
Sylvester D. Brown', I, 
Charles L. Burgess, I, ' 
John W. Dow, I, 
Enoch L. Farrington, Corp., I 
S. Farrington, I, 
Charles D. Fuller, I, died 
A. P. Fuller, I, ' 



143 



Danville 



Greene 



ore 



144 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Charles H. Kimball, I, died Jan. 

17, 1863, East Livermore 

Charles R. Mitchell, I, died Dec. 

20, 1862, 
Tisdale D. Norris, I, ,, ,, 

Nathan J. Sanford, I, ,, ,, 

Orville K. Trask, I, died Mar. 18, 

1863, ,, ,, 

Charles H. Leadbetter, Serjj., I, Leeds 

Oscar D. Turner, Serg., I, >. 

Albert Barker, Serg., I, ,, 

Loring P. Gould, Corp., I, ,, 

Sewell Woodman, Corp., I, ,, 

Jason Carver, Wag., I, ,> 

George T. Bishop, Corp., I, ,, 

Seth F. Burnham, I, died Mar. 8, 63, ,, 

James H. Burnham, I, ,, 

Milton W. Burnham, I, ,, 

Russell L. Gould, I, ,, 

Daniel W. Hinkley, I, 

Charles T. Knights, I, ,, 

Lorenzo Leadbetter, I, ,, 



Frank J. Lindsey, I, 






Leeds 


Thomas J. Lindsey, Corp., I, 






,, 


Rufus K. Perea, I, 






,, 


Ireson B. Pettingill, I, died Mar. 


21,6.3, 


,, 


Elisha P. Ramsdell, I, died Jan. 


10, 63, 


,, 


John R. Smith, I, 






,, 


Joshua H. Sumner, I, 






,, 


James D. Towle, I, 






>> 


John E. Woodman, I, 






, J 


Thomas T. Jenkins, Corp., I, 






Wales 


Albert L. Additon, I, 






,, 


Llewellyn O. Foster, I, 






,, 


Charles H. McITarland, I, 






,, 


Philip H. Tarr, I, 






,, 


Arthur Given, Jr, Serg., G, 






,, 


Royal E. Whitman, Capt., G, 


pro from 




Serg.-Maj., 






Turner 


James White, 2d Lieut, I, tr from E, 


Auburn 


Moses F. Hackett, Serg., K, 






Danville 


Arthur M. Parker, Serg., H, 






,, 


Philip Bray, Cora. Serg., D, 






Turner 


Albert I. Additon, I, 






Greene 



Twenty-Fourth Infantri/ Bef/iment. — This regiment was organized at Augusta 
October 16, 1862, to serve nine months, and was mustered out August 25, 
1863. George M. Atwood, of Gardiner, was colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel 
Charles T. Bean was discharged on the day of muster-in, and July 1, 1863, 
Major Eben Hutchinson was appointed in his stead. Captain William Hol- 
brook of Company H was commissioned major, July 23, 1863. This regiment 
formed part of Banks's expedition on the lower Mississippi, and was engaged 
in the various duties contingent upon an army of occupation. May 21 the 
regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, where it remained during the long siege, 
and was often called upon to build roads and bridges during the approach of 
the forces to the stronghold of the enemy, and was often engaged in action. 
Nearly every night during the investment the men were working on earth- 
works and rifle-pits. The regiment participated in the desperate assaults of 
May 27 and June 14. It lost heavily from disease, 184 dying, and about 100 
being discharged for disability. Out of 900 men of the original organization 
only 570 returned, yet none were killed in battle or died of wounds. Andros- 
coggin county was represented in this regiment by George R. Foster, fife-major, 
of Lisbon, and Albert Harlow, Company D. 

Twenty-Fifth Infmitry Regiment. — This regiment, mustered into United 
States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, was the first nine-months' 
regiment to leave the state. Its colonel was Francis Fessenden, a captain in 
the United States Army ; Charles E. Shaw was lieutenant-colonel, and Alex- 
ander l\r. Tolman, major, all of Portland. Josiah Carr, of Minot, was surgeon. 
Leaving Portland, October 16, for Washington, it there joined the forces for 
the defense of that city, and did much fatigue and picket duty. It built on 



Military Affairs. 



145 



Arlington Heights a camp of convenient log houses with board roofs, the most 
elaborate and durable camp ever constructed in the department. .June 21, 
1863, the First brigade, composed of the Tvvent3^-fifth and Twenty-seventh 
Maine, was ordered to report to (leneral Slocum, commanding the Twelfth 
Corps at Leesburg, but as their time of service had nearly passed, they were 
sent to Maine for muster-out, and arrived at Portland, July 3, 1863, where the 
Twenty-fifth was discharged on July 10. The Twenty-fifth participated in no 
engagement, but performed its responsible and arduous duties with faithfulness 
and zeal. 

ROSTER. 



Josiah Carr, surgeon, 

B. L. Briggs, band, 

M. E. Briggs, band, 

George VV. Spear, A, 

Arthur L. Coombs, Wag., B, 

Henry Beal, B, 

William D. Brewster, B, 

Julius E. Eveleth, Corp., B, 

Horace P. Merrill, B, 

Sumner N. Strout, Serg., T), pro Lieut, 

William W. Bailey, Corp., 

Nathaniel D. Chase, Corp., D, 

Isaac M. Bishop, Jr, D, 

Silas Campbell, D, 



Minot 


John H. Davis, D, 




Turner 


Nelson Gatchell, D, died Dec. 
John Q. Jordan, D, 


15, 1862 


Danville 


William Mcintosh, D, 




Durham 

>> 


Webster Nevens, D, 
Albert Owen, D, 
Alfred Roberts, D, 
Edmund H. Soper, D, 
Benjamin F. Stevens, D, 
Francis Venus, D, 
Orrin S. Vickery, Corp., D, 
Joseph O. Wilson, D, 
Frank Crockett, Serg., D, 




,, 


Sylvester F. Jordan, 1st Serg. 


,G, 



Durham 



Lisbon 



Twenty-Sixth lufantrii Reniment. — Knox, Hancock, and Waldo counties 
furnished the men for the Twenty-sixth, organized at Bangor, October 11, 1862, 
to serve nine months. Nathaniel H. Hubbard, of Winterport, was colonel; 
Philo Hersey, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; and James N. Fowler, of Sears- 
port, major. After a brief sojourn in the Army of the Potomac, the regiment 
joined the forces of General Banks, and embarked for the lower Mississippi, 
where it did as much active service as any regiment in the Department of the 
Gulf during its connection therewith. At the battle of Irish Bend it lost in 
killed and wounded 68 out of 300 engaged. In this action the men displayed 
a courage creditable to veterans, and established a reputation for steadiness 
under fire, which it well sustained at Port Hudson, where it did duty in the 
trenches and on picket. On June 14 it took part in the unsuccessful assault 
against the Confederate works. Here the soldiers covered themselves with 
honor. Finding it impossible to enter the enemy's fortifications they advanced 
within twenty feet of them and sheltered themselves under the steep bluff on 
which they were built. Later they were on guard over a battery within 
musket shot of the Confederates until the surrender July 8, 1863. Soon 
leaving for home the regiment was mustered out at Bangor, July 17, having 
served almost a year. 

Twenti/'iSeventh Infantry Reyiment. — This companion regiment of the 
Twenty-fifth was recruited in York county, and mustered into United States 



146 History of Androscoggin County. 



service at Portland, September 30, 1862. Rufus P. Tapley, of Saco, was 
colonel ; Mark F. Wentworth, of Kittery, lieutenant-colonel ; James M. Stone, 
of Kennebunk, major. Arriving at Washington, October 22, it went into camp 
at Arlington Heights, where it was brigaded with the Tv/enty-fifth, with whose 
fortunes it was united ever after. This regiment was composed of the stalwart 
yeomanry of the state, with a liberal sprinkling of skilled mechanics and 
professional men, and would have done the severest duty from a sense of 
patriotic principle as well as that which fell to its lot. When their time had 
expired and interests at home were pressing for their immediate presence, the 
momentous action of Gettysburg was impending, all available men were 
demanded at the front, and an unprotected capital was at the mercy of any 
enemy ; so the men were asked by the President and Secretary of War to 
remain for the defense of Washington until the battle was fought, and 315 
acceded to the request and remained until the joyful tidings of victory came 
from the embattled Union host at Gettysburg. July 17, 1863, the regiment 
was mustered out with Colonel Mark H. Wentworth, Lieutenant-Colonel 
James M. Stone, and Major John D. Hill, field officers. George O. Dockman, 
of Poland, was in Company B, Oren B. Webber and Alfred C. Webber, of 
Lisbon, in Company F. 

Ttoenty-Eighth Infantry Bef/iment. — This was organized at Augusta, Octo- 
ber 18, 1862, for nine months' service. After remaining on the Atlantic 
coast for a few months, it joined the Department of the Gulf and was, soon 
after its arrival at New Orleans, stationed at Pensacola, Florida. After the 
evacuation of that city, it returned to New Orleans and was ordered for 
duty to Donaldsonville, Bayou La Fourche, and Plaquemine. May 27 six 
companies were ordered to Port Hudson, the others remaining at New Orleans 
and at Fort Butler at Donaldsonville. The Port Hudson detachment was 
employed day and night for two weeks in building batteries and on picket 
duty. It took part in the advance, June 14, but suffered no loss. June 22 it 
made an unsupported and unsuccessful assault on the works with some loss. 
June 28 the detachment under Major Bullen guarding and garrisoning Fort 
Butler was attacked by a greatly superior force, which it bravely repulsed, 
inflicting great loss. July 4 the Port Hudson contingent was ordered to Fort 
Butler, arriving there the next day. July 10 the Twenty-eighth went to 
Baton Rouge, from there, August 6, to Augusta, where it was mustered out 
August 31, 1863. The field officers were: Ephraim W. Woodman, of Wilton, 
colonel ; William E. Hadlock, of Cranberry Isles, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph D. 
Bullen, of New Sharon, major. ]\[ajor Bullen was murdered by a member of 
the Second Louisiana Regiment, July 5, the day after his gallant defense of 
Fort Butler. ■ 

Tivcnty-Ninth Lifatitry Reyiment. — This was a veteran regiment, and much 
of its material came from Androscoggin county. In fact, the First, Tenth, and 



Military Affairs. 147 



Twenty-ninth regiments could with much justice be styled one regiment. 
Many of the men saw service in all three regiments, and the same familiar 
faces were seen among the officers. Among the regimental officers were: 
George L. Beal, colonel, also of the Tenth; Charles S. Emerson, of Auburn, 
lieutenant-colonel; William Ivnowlton, of Lewiston, major ; Henry C. Cotton, 
of Lisbon, assistant surgeon. Companies F, H, I, and K were principally 
officered by Androscoggin men. Eight companies were organized at Augusta, 
from November lo, 1863, to January 30, 18<M, to serve three years. ( -ompanies 
A and D, in service in Tennessee as part of the Tenth Maine Battalion, were 
transferred to complete the regimental organization, joining it at New Orleans, 
where the regiment arrived Februar}^ 1(3, 18»)4. Taking part in the Red River 
campaign, the regiment" rendered effective and brilliant service in the battles 
of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, La., April 8 and 9, 1861. On April 23, the 
action at Cane River Crossing was fought, where the Twenty-ninth aided in 
driving the enemy. Soon after, at Alexandria, it assisted in building the 
famous dam that saved the Federal fleet. After this it was in camp at 
Morganzia Bend until ordered to join the Army of the Potomac in July. 
Arriving in Washington July 12, it was made part of the iVrmy of the 
Shenandoah, and was in all its marches and encounters with the Confederates, 
including tlie battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, doing 
gallant service. October 18, 1864, Company A was discharged at expiration 
of service, and its place taken by the First Company of Unassigned Infantry, 
organized at Augusta September 16, 1864, for one year's service. Major 
Ivnowlton died September 20, 1864, from wounds received in the battle of 
Winchester, and Captain George H. Nye commissioned in his stead. December 
20, 1864, Major Nye was made colonel and took command of the regiment. 
Colonel Beal having been commissioned brigadier-general. Adjutant John M. 
Gould was now promoted to major. January 1, 1865, the Twenty-ninth was 
encamped near Stephenson Depot, Va., and for over three months was on 
special service at various points. April 20, 18<)5, it went to Washington, and 
May 4 and 5 was on guard over the assassins of President Lincoln at Wash- 
ington Arsenal. May 23 it participated in the grand review of the Army 
of the Potomac at Washington. May 31, 1865, Company A and all whose 
time expired before the next October, were ordered to be mustered out. June 
1, 1865, the regiment proceeded to South Carolina, where it was divided into 
detachments and stationed at various places, with headquarters at Darlington. 
Its duties were here extremely arduous and consisted in part in investigating 
complaints made by freedmen and planters, in making contracts between them, 
and in the various unpleasant offices connected with the operation of the 
Freedmen's Bureau and the reconstruction period. June 21, 1866, the regi- 
ment was mustered out of the United States service at Hilton Head, S. C, 
and paid off and discharged June 27, at Hart's Island in New York Harbor, 



148 



History of Androscoggin County. 



ROSTER. 



George H. Nye, Col, 

Charles S. Emerson, Lieut-Col, 

Win Knowlton, Maj., d Sept. 20, (i4, 

George Knox, Chap., died Oct. 31, 04, 

Chas H. Webster, Chap., 

Henry C. Cotton, Asst-Surg., 

C. H. Pettingill, Com.-Serg., 

John F. Chamberlain. Cora.-Serg., 

Horace N. Johnson, leader of band, 

Roscoe G. Buck, band, 

Adoniram B. Crafts, band, 

Emery E. Larrabee, old A, 

James Guiney, old A, 

Leonard Jepson, old A, 

Dudley F. Sanborn, old A, 

Samuel N. Royal, old A, 

James H. Thurston, old A, 

Edward S. Butler, Capt., A, 

Dennis E. Lowell, Serg., A, 

Almon J. Gardner, Serg., A, 

Samuel W. Lovell, Serg., A, 

John Howarth, Mus., A, 

William Ashton, A, 

John C. Bridges, A, 

George Bubier, Jr, 

Dennis Farrell, A, 

Alonzo Gipson, A, 

"William Gipson, A, 

Michael Joice, A, 

Hiram Jordan, A, 

Patrick Lahey, A, 

Alzamon H. Maxwell, A, 

John F. Murphy, A, 

John Shehan, A, 

John Sweeney, A, 

Michael Sweeney, A, 

F. D. Thompson, A, 

Levi Thompson, A, 

Ezra R. Wright, A, 

Freedom H. Mander, 1st Lieut, A, 

A. C. F. Stevens, 1st Serg., A, 

George W. Noyes, Serg., A, 

John Emerson, Serg., A, 

Almon J. Gardner, Serg., A, 

Henry H. Bailey, Corp., A, 

Caiman H. Allen, Corp., A, 

Fernando A. Blossom, A, 

Selanus Decker, A, 

David P. Field, A, 

David Given, A, 

Seth B. Johnson, A, 

Isaac B. Martin, A, 

Major B. Merrill, A, died Oct. 21, 18G4 

Oren B. Merrow, A, 

Aretas B. Penney, A, 

Virgil P. Rounds, A, 



Lewiston 

Auburn 

Lewiston 



Lisbon 
Auburn 



Lewiston 



Auburn 



Azel Staples, Jr, A, Auburn 

Simon M. Stevens, A, ,, 

Arba H. Trufant, A, „ 

Wm R. Vickery, A, ,, 

L. E. Woodl)ury, A, ,, 

Chas W. Gerrish, Lieut, A, Lisbon 

John Wallace, Serg., A, ,, 

George S. Curtis, Serg., A, ,, 
Edward J. Ander.son, A, died Oct. 13, 64, ,, 

Zeba A. Ayer, A, ,, 

Wm R. Garcelon, A, ,, 

Thos S. Y'onland, A, ,, 

Volney Leavitt, Corp., A, kd, 1804, Livermore 

Marshall W. Child, A, ,, 

Charles F. Ellis, A, „ 
Leonard F. Nash, A, died Oct. 21, 1804, „ 



Leeds 

"Webster 

Mechanic Falls 

Webster 

Turner 



Durham 

Poland 

Lewiston 



Henry T. Frost, Corp., A, 

James H. Gardner, A, 

Alonzo L. Tarr, A, 

La F. Tenney, A, 

Boynton C. Hewey, A, 

Horatio G. Small, A, 

Addis E. Luke, Corp., A, 

Francis M. Allen, A, 

Wm W. Holmes, A, 

George C. Wheaton, A, 

William McInto.sh, A, 

Dexter D. Skinner, A, 

G. P. McFaden, Serg., B, 

Francis M. Chase, Serg., B, 

Silas R. Cummings, Serg., B, 

John F. Quimby, Sgt, B, d Mar. I'J, 66, 

Barton H. Ross, Serg., B, 

Levi B. Johnson, Corp., B, d July 20, 04, 

Calvin G. Estes, Corp., B, 

Eli Owen, Corp., B, 

li'rank M. Furber, B, died Sept. 19, 04, 

William McDonald, B, 

Loring Parcher, B, 

C. W. Patterson, B, 

Henry W. Furbish, B, 

Samuel R. Harris, B, died June 11, 64, 

Jeremiah Sullivan, B, 

Lewis McKinney, B, 

David Parker, B, 

Charles E. Piper, B, died July 15, 64, 

Enoch Perkins, B, 

Orlando C. Gamage, B, 

William H. Starbird, B, 

Josiah Keene, B, 

Henry Shea, B, 

Louville Smith, B, killed Oct. 19, 64, 

George W. Gage, Corp., C, 

Frank H. Nealley, C, „ 

John Goold, C, ' ,, 

Charles McDonald, C, Auburn 



Greene 



Auburn 



Turner 

Leeds 

Poland 

Lewiston 



Military Affairs. 



149 



Benjamin R. Irish, D, Auburn 

Gbarles H. Jumper, Lieut, D, Lewiston 

Daniel Flanders, Corp., D, ,, 

Morris B. Hobbs, D, ,, 

Nabum L. Hunt, D, ,, 

Elmer Cbipman, D, Mechanic Falls 

John A. Putman, D, Livermore 

Amos Bucknam, D, Auburn 

Edward Record, D, ,, 

Henry K. Millett, Capt., E, ,, 
Samuel T. Hill, D, 

William Lowry, E, Lewiston 

Levi M. Garcelon, Corp., E, East Livermore 

Charles G. Smith, E, Lewiston 
William Knowlton, Capt., F, pro Maj., ,, 

Abel G. Rankin, Capt., F, ,, 

Levi W. Harmon, Lieut, F, ,, 
Harrison B. Winter, Lieut, F, died 

June 26, 65, ,, 

Harrison A. Tripp, Serg., F, ,, 

George H. Gould, Serg., F, „ 
Charles H. Palin, Serg., F, 

Charles W. Heney, Serg., F, Lewiston 

James Low, Corp., F, ,, 
Charles Dennett, Corp., F, d May 11, 64, ,, 

C. H. Kenison, Corp., F, d Sept. 1, 64, ,, 

Andrew Jackson, Corp., F, ,, 

James M. Stevens, Corp., F, „ 

Gerry E. Coolidge, F, ,, 

David Davis, F, ,, 

Nathaniel Davis, F, died Sept. 5, 64, ,, 

Fred A. Howard, F, ,, 

John A. Kincaid, F, died Dec. 5, 64, ,, 

John Maloney, F, ,, 
Hugh McGlincb, F, 

Harrison O. Plaise, F, died Apr. 12, 64, ,, 

Charles Pray, F, died Aug. 20, 64, ,, 

Dennis Roberts, F, died July 29, 64, ,, 

Dudley F. Sanborn, F, ,, 

Frank Stebbins, F, „ 

Mont. Tuttle, F, „ 

Loring Josselyn, Corp., F, Auburn 

Enos H. Stevens, Serg., F, ,, 
Caleb S. Gilbert, F, 

Charles Gilmore, F, ,, 

Isaac Hill, F, . „ 

Jacob L. Woodman, F, ,, 

W. N. Martin, Corp., F, Minot 
H. B. Johnson, F, 

George F. Chandler, F, Lisbon 

Levi W. Harmon, Lieut, G, Lewiston 
Russell S. Worthing, G, 

Frank Devereaux, G, Auburn 

Joseph W. Parker, G, Danville 

L. K. Lane, ,, 

William C. Stevens, G, Greene 

Zebedee Cushman, G, Minot 

Granville Blake, Capt., H, Auburn 

Nathan H. Landers, Lieut, H, ,, 



Nath. F. French, Serg., H, d Oct. 9, 64, Auburn 

Henry C. Pratt, Serg., H, „ 

George W. Herridon, Serg., H, „ 

George M. Roak, Serg., H, ,, 

Edward H. Sawyer, Serg., H, ,, 

Ira A. Kneeland, Corp., H, „ 

John C. Stevens, Corp., H, ,, 

George P. Wyman, Corp., H, ,, 
William H. Wentworth, Corp., H, died 

August 9, 64, ,, 

Samuel L. Stevens, Corp., H, ,, 
William H. Brackett, Corp., H, 

William H. Lunt, Corp., H, ,, 

Roland W. Randall, Corp., H, ,, 

William Bickerton, H, ,, 

Fred N. Burrill, H, ,, 

Albert H. Chamberlain, H, ,, 

Adon. B. Crafts, 11, ,, 
Eben Kneeland, H, died May 19, 64, 

Daniel Davis, H, ,, 
Winfield S. Walton, H, killed, 

Albion A. Drake, H, ,, 

Henry S. Drake, H, ,, 
Asa H. Fish, H, 

Adolphus S. Read, H, ,, 
Charles B. Wentworth, H, d July 7, 64, 
George B. Coburn, Lieut, H, Lewiston 

Stephen K. Estes, Serg., H, ,, 

Andrew J. Magill, Serg., H, ,, 

Mark Grover, Corp., H, ,, 

William H. Given, Mus., H, „ 

Joseph Brooks, H, „ 

Adelbert Holland, H, „ 

George D. Humphrey, H, ,, 

Peter Lawrence, H, ,, 

Edouard Legendre, H, ,, 

Jules Legendre, H, „ 

Michael Locklin, H, „ 

Hiram W. Loring, H, „ 

John F. Donovan, H, ,, 

Timothy Donovan, H, Auburn 
Daniel Field, H, Lewiston 

Lawrence Rourk, H, „ 

Holman Foss, H, ,, 

John L. Hamlin, H, ,, 

John Morton, H, ,, 
Frank Thibault, H, 

Hartwell S. French, Lieut, H, Turner 

Samuel S. Butler, H, ,, 
William B. Butler, H, died July 30, 64, 

William W. Keene, H, „ 

William I. Hayford, H, „ 

Charles L. Metcalf, H, ,, 

Charles A. Metcalf, Serg.,H, LLsbon 

Fred S. My rick, H, „ 
John S. Merrill, H, 
Robert L. Taylor, H, 

Frank Dumas, H, Minot 

Stephen Herbert, H, „ 



150 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Joseph St Hiliare, H, Minot 

Charles S. Smith, H, d July 29, 64, Poland 

Almon C. Pray, Capt., I, Auburn 

C. H. Pettingill, Lieut, I, ,i 

Augustus White, Serg., I, died in service, ,, 
Edward H. Sawyer, Serg., I, ,. 

Charles H. Crane, Serg., I, ., 

George G. Philbrook, Serg., I, ,, 

Cyrus B. Towusend, Corp., I, >> 

Charles H. Welch, Corp., I, „ 

Frank H. Read, Mus., I, „ 

Augustus E. Briggs, I, » 

A. A. Chamberlain, I, >> 

Washington Martin, I, „ 

Charles T. Davis, I, Auburn 

John T. Dennison, I, ., 

Enoch L. Hall, I, 

Augustus Noyes, I, „ 

Jona E. Piper, I, died Aug. 4, 04, ,, 

Billings J. Hood, I, 

Elbridge G. Snow, I, ,, 

Martin L. Verrill, I, ,, 

George White, I, ,, 

Murray B. Watson, I, pro Lieut Militia, ,, 
Isaac D. Yeaton, I, d Aug. 14, ()4, ,, 

John L. Hoyt, Lieut, I, kd Oct. 

19, 64, 
H. L. Wadsworth, Corp., I, „ 

John Noonan, I, ,, 

L. F. Paine, I, d May 8, 64, ,, 

George S. Dickenson, I, ,, 

A. J. Walton, I, killed, „ 

Allen Howarth, Serg., I, 
Leonard O. Smith, Serg., I, 
Harrison W. Smith, Serg., I, 
Hugh Lyon, Serg., I, 
James Donovan, Corp., I, 
Daniel Donovan, Corp., I, 
George B. Morrill, I, 
Charles A. Deshon, F, 
John A. Phelps, 1, died Apr. 27, 04, 
Aratus Small, I, 
Levi H. Webber, I, 
Allen C. Snow, I, 
Charles N. Ware, I, 
Michael Sweeney, I, 
Arza B. Webber, I, 
Josiah H. Mower, Serg., I, 
Henry Sanborn, Wag., I, 
Aaron Mower, I (Lisbon), 
Albion P. Mower, I, 
William Donnell, I, 
Gardner Smith. I, 
Edsell A. Douglass, Corp., I, 
Ezra Purinton, I, 
George P. Moody, I, 
Levi Robinson, I, 

Jas. P. Sutherland, Corp,, I, d in service, 
Gideon Hammond, I, died in service, 



East Livermore 



Lewiston 
Auburn 



Greene 



Lisbon 



Elias K. Webber, K, 
Henry McFarland, I, 
Eli Owen, I, 
James H. Thurston, I, 
Joshua M. Wagg, I, 



Lisbon 

Wales 

Lewiston 

Danville 

Durham 



Henry A. Wyman, I, d May 12, 64, Livermore 
George H. Nye, Capt., K, Lewiston 

Albert E. Kingsley, Capt., K, ,, 
William Bagnall, Lt, K, d July 10, 64, 

Charles H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,, 

Jno. A. Willard, 1st Serg., K, ,, 

Samuel H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,, 

James E. Osgood, Serg., K, ,, 

Thomas A. Thorn, Serg., K, „ 

Henry A. Smith, Serg., K, „ 

Jarvis T. Beal, Serg., K, ,, 

Aaron T. Corliss, Serg., K, ,, 

John Q. A. Jumper, Serg., K, ,, 

George W. Bickford, Corp., K, ,, 

John K. Morrill, Corp., K, pro Serg., ,, 

James H. Walker, Corp., K, „ 

John Clear, Corp., K, ,, 

Alph. B. Holland, Corp., K, „ 

Albert E. Hanson, Corp., K, ,, 
Chester H. Thing, Corp., K, 

Melvin Woodcock, Wag., K, ,, 

John G. Annas, K, ,, 

John S. B. Arris, K, „ 

Gilbert H. Bailey, K, band, ,, 

James Baloff, K, ,, 

James B. Blackstone, K, „ 

S. C. Blackstone, K, „ 

Houghton Bond, K, ,, 

William Bray, K, „ 

Richard Butler, K, ,, 

Thomas Kelley, K, ,, 

Em. E. Larrabee, K, „ 

James E. Magner, K, ,, 

Elias Maloon, K, ,, 

Frederick Miller, K, ,, 

John E. McDonald, K, „ 

Plummer R. Nevens, K, ,, 

Frederick Palmer, K, „ 

Patrick Collins, K, ,, . 

Thomas A. Emmons, K, „ 
Joseph Flood, K, died July 21, 64, 

Harry Freeman, K, ,, 
Willis Goodridge, K, died June 18, 64, 

William T. Graffam, K, ,, 

Charles A. Hanson, K, ,, 

Isaac W. Hodsdon, K, „ 

Arthur T. Jacobs, K, ,, 

Leonard Jepson, K, ,, 

Albert W. Potter, K, „ 

Andrew J. Russell, K, „ 

George N. Spates, K, ,, 

Cassius R. Stevens, K, „ 

Lorenzo Parker, K, „ 

Leroy Tarr, K, i „ 



Military Affairs. 



151 



John E. Cutter, Serg. 


K, 


Webster 


Robert A. Woodbury, 


K, 


,, 


Solomon Dyer, K, 




Danville 


Samuel N. Royal, K, 




Wales 


Charles N. Warren, K 


, 


Minot 


George A. Knox, 




Greene 


Sylvanus A. Stevens, 




Auburn 


Jonathan L. Stevens, 




,, 


Joseph A. Starbird, 




Lisbon 



Fred A. Tiffany, K, died July 29, 64, Lewiston 
Otis Webber, K, 

George M. Williams, K, „ 

John C. Wright, K, ,, 

Hartwell S. French, Lieut, K, Turner 

Albert N. Jones, K, ,, 

Benjamin A. Eaton, Serg., K, Greene 

V. P. Dillingham, Corp., K, ,, 
Alpheus G. Stewart, K, died May 1. 64, ,, 

Thirtieth Infantry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta from 
December 12, 1863, to January 8, 1864, for three years' service. Francis 
Fessenden, of Portland, was colonel ; Thomas H. Hubbard, of Ilallowell, 
lieutenant-colonel; Royal E. Whitman, of Turner, major; Josiah C'arr, of 
Minot, surgeon ; and Simeon C. Higgins, of Turner, chaplain. Companies A, 
E, G, and K brought a large contingent from Androscoggin county. It went 
direct to the Army of the Galf, leaving I'ortland, February 7, and after a 
month's rest in camp at Franklin, J^a, entered upon the Red River 
campaign. It had much effective and veteran material in its composition, and 
within a month from this time it did honorable work in the battles of Sabine 
Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill. April 23, the Thirtieth took a prominent part 
in the engagement at Cane River Crossing, driving the Confederates from a 
position considered impregnable.' From May 22 to July 2, the regiment was 
in camp at Morganzia Bend, and soon thereafter was sent to Virginia, and not 
long after arrival joined the Army of the Shenandoah at Harper's Ferry. In 
September the brigade was detached from its division for arduous and 
responsible duties, and thus the Thirtieth was debarred from sharing in the 
victories of September and October, although without its service of moving 
and guarding valuable supply trains, the victories could not have been won. 
January 8, 1865, the regiment was joined at its camp in Winchester by three 
companies of re-enlisted men and recruits of the Thirteenth Maine, assigned to 
this regiment by special order issued November 18, 1864. The consolidation 
was completed in January under the immediate orders of General Sheridan, 
the Thirtieth forming seven companies and retaining the field and staff officers. 
The men of the Thirteenth were organized into a battalion of three companies, 
commanded by officers of their own regiment, and became Companies B, H, 
and K in the Thirtieth. This regiment formed part of tlie line of sentinels 
around Washington during the search for the assassins of President Lincoln, 
and did guard duty at Washington Arsenal while the trial of the conspirators 
was conducted there. May 22 it took part in the grand review of the Army 
of the Potomac, and later was on duty at Savannah, Ga, until mustered out 
August 20, 1865. 

May 12, 1864, Colonel Fessenden was promoted to brigadier-general. His 
successor. Colonel Hubbard, resigned July 23, 1865, and in August the field 



1 At this battle Colonel Fessenden lost a leg. 



152 



History of Androscoggin County. 



officers were commissioned thus: Royal E. Whitman, colonel; George W. 
Randall, lieutenant-colonel; Horace C. Haskell, major. 



roster. 



Royal E. Whitman, Major, pro Lieut-Col 

and Col, Turner 

Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot 

Simon C. Higgins, Chaplain, Turner 

Charles B. Rounds, Q. M. S., Danville 

Horace C. Haskell, Capt., A, pro Major, Turner 
Benjamin F. Reals. Serg., A, 
William H. Washburn, Serg., A, 
Jacob Keene, Jr, Mus., A, 
Ronello B. Keene, Mus., A, 
Phil A. Bradford, A, died Aug. 7, 04, 
Seth D. Bradford, A, died April 22, 04, 
Asa L. Berry, A, died July 2, 64, 
Jason Cutler, A, died July 9, 64, 
John C. Carver, A, 
James M. Fish, A, 

Oscar L. Johnson, A, killed in action, 
Albert P. Leavitt, Corp., A, 
William W. Noyes, Lieut, A, 

pro Capt., E, East Livermore 

A. H. S. Garcelon, A, died, ,, ,, 

Thomas E. Nason, A, ,, ,, 

Francis E. Dwinel, 1st Lieut, A, Minot 

Ronello C. Dwinal, Corp., A, ,, 

George W. Currier, A, Hosp. Steward, ,, 

Charles B. Davis, A, kd April 23, 64, 
Darius Holt, A, ,, 

Charles Martin, A, ,, 

F. E. Riggs, A, died in service, ,, 

Edward K. Verrill, A, ,, 

Elbridge M. Yeaton, A, died in service, ,, 
Jabez T. Denning, Serg., A, Poland 

Charles W. Jordan, Srg., A, d July 11, 64, ,, 
Thomas S. Bridgham, A, ,, 

John W. Deguis, A, ,, 

William H. Fuller, A, ,, 

Albert Griffin, A, 

Augustus M. Jackson, A, d July 11, 64, ,, 
Edward F. Ross, A, 

Richard W^eston, A, ,, 

Charles L. Field, 1st Serg., A, Danville 

Orrin Emerson, Corp., A, pro Serg., 

trans V. It. C, ,, 

Martin Franklin, Corp., A, ,, 

Charles Coding, A, ,, 

Alvin L. Coding, A, 

Pemliroke Haskell, A, i^ro Corp., ,, 

Nicholas Leighton, A, 

Alvah Leighton, A, ,, 

John J. Marston, A, ,, 

Luther H. Morgan, A, trans V. R. C, ,, 
Charles B. Rounds, A, ,, 

Amos O. Witliam, A, died in service, ,, 



Francis S. Brown, A, Livermore 

Cyrus M. Barrows, Serg., A, ,, 

George W. Bobbins, Corp., A, ,, 
William H. H. Goding, Corp., A, 
Charles H. Harrington, Corp., A, died 

July 24, ()4, 
Elisha C. Fuller, Serg., A, 

William A. Hyde, Wagoner, A, ,, 

Francis S. Brown, A, ,, 

Isaac D. Fuller, A, ,, 

Corydon L. Hyde, A, died Aug. 7,64, ,, 

Joseph E. Hyde, A, died Aug. 26, 64, „ 
Charles W. Keith, A, 

Roscoe F. Merrill, A, died in service, ,, 

William S. Moore, Corp., A, ,, 

Alden L. Norton, A, ,, 

George F. Rollins, A, ,, 

Frank Roberts, A, died in captivity, ,, 

Llewellyn C Vining, A, d in service, ,, 
Amsbra Bubier, A, Lewiston 

Allen C. Ford, A, died in service, Danville 

Franklin Hackett, A, ,, 

John M. Stockwell, Corp., A, Lewiston 

Joseph M. Curtis, A, kd April 9, 64, Leeds 

Thomas G. Pratt, A, Greene 

Alfred Richardson, G, ,, 

Stillman Bond, C, trans to G, ,, 
William H. Starbird, G, 

Charles H. Lowell, Corp., C, tr to G, ,, 

Joseph P. Tripp, C, Poland 
Geo. F. Newell, Corp., D, k in action. Auburn 

Sumner N. Strout, Lieut, E, killed, Durham 

Nath. D. Chase, Serg.. E, ,, 

Preston R. Strout, Corp., E, ,, 

Albert Owen, Serg., E, „ 

Albert Crockett, E, „ 

Ezekiel S. Brown, E, ,, 

John Merrill, E, died in service, ,, 

George L. Macomber, E, ,, 

Samuel Newell, E, trans to V. R. C, ,, 

Cyrus A. Roak, E, " 

Willard J. Fi.sh, E, Leeds 
Kirke W. Moses, Capt., G, Lewiston 

Jos. W. Harville, Serg., G, pro Lieut, " 
William F. Forbes, Serg., G, 
Elbridge G. Thomas, 1st Serg., G, 
George W. Goodbehere, Serg., G, pro 

Serg. -Major, ,, 
Nathan D. Colder, Corp., G, 

James R. Braley, Corp., G, ,, 

Jacob E. Brown, G, died in service, ,, 

Moses A. Dunton, G, ,, 
John Holland, Jr, G, d in rebel prison, ,, 



Military Affairs. 



153 



John B. Lucas, G, died in service, 

Charles H. Ward, G, 

Justin K. Richardson, Lieut, G, 

Bracket.t M. Field, Corp., G, 

Asa Garcelon, G, 

Moses A. Briggs, G, 

George H. Cooledge, G, 

John Casey, G, trans to A. 

Phil H. Fernald, G, died in service, 

Charles H. Colby, G, 

Albert Urinkwater, G, 

John C. Jordan, G, 

Franklin F. Robinson, Corp., G, 

Almon Fogg, G, died in service, 

Charles B. Beal, G, 

William E. Longley, G, 

Orrin Furbush, G, 

Llew^ellyn O. Foster, G, 

John H. Hanscomb, G, 

Hiram Jewell, G, 

Albert F. Gilmore, G, 

William O. Parlin, G, 

Wm M. B. Hasey, H, died in service, 

Hiram Polly, H, 

Thomas B. Edgecomb, H, trans to A, 

Francis T. Page, I, trans to V.R. C, 

Alba C. Hicks, I, 

John Little, I, 

Nathan Smith, I, 

Chandler B. Bailey, Lieut, G, transferred 

from K, 
George E. Bartlett, K, trans to E, 
Ichabod Goodrich, K, trans to G, 
Cyrus Oliver, K, trans to G, 
John E. Oliver, K, trans to G, 
Richard J. Cook, K, killed, E 



Lewiston 


Samuel P. Tripp, A, died in captivity, 


Minot 


,, 


Sylvester D. Brown, A, East Livermore 


Turner 


Charles A. Fogg, A, 


Greene 


Danville 


Francis A. Libby, A, 


Lewiston 


" 


Charles S. Ricker, A, 


Auburn 


Auburn 


Edgar D. Swett, A, 


Turner 


Livermore 


Charles 0. Warren, A, trans from H, 


Lewiston 


,, 


Joseph O. G. Nichols, Serg., B, 


Auburn 


,, 


Freeman L. Jackson, B, 


,, 


W ebster 


James M. Ramsdell, B, 


ji 


jj 


Charles L. Connor, Mus., B, 


Lewiston 


,, 


George H. Clark, Mus., B, 


,, 


,, 


John McNulty, B, trans from K, 


,, 


Greene 


Joshua Harmon, B, 


Webster 


,, 


Harrison D. Lowell, B, 


Greene 


J, 


Charles Holt, D, 


Lewiston 


J, 


Edwin Smith, E, trans from K, 


jj 


Wales 


Charles Dingman, K, trans from B, 


jj 


,, 


William H. Garcelon, G, 


Webster 


,, 


James E. Weymouth, G, 


Wales 


Leeds 


Albert N. Ames, Lieut, K, 
Wesley Carville, K, 


Lewiston 


Lisbon 


Robert England, K, 
Augustus O. Fish, K, 
Luther Litchfield, K, 




Leeds 


John P. Murphy, K, 




Lewiston 


Charles L. Newton, K, 




,, 


Daniel Severance, K, 




,, 


Jesse F. Swett, K, 




rred 


Isaac G. Tarr, K, 




Turner 


Patrick Flynn, K, 




Lewiston 


Josiah Jones, K, 


Lisbon 


,, 


George I. Storer, K, 


Auburn 


,, 


G. F. Hodgdou, East Livermore 


,, 


C. F. Fogg, 


,, 


Livermore 


R. S. Clark, 


)> 



TJurt^-Flrst Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was organized from March 
1, 1864, to April 29, 1864, to serve three years. The colonelcy was given to 
George Varney, who soon declined to serve, and Thomas Hight, of Augusta, a 
graduate of West Point, was commissioned in his stead. Stephen C Talbot, 
of Machias, became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Daniel White, of Company 
A, advanced to major. Richard R. Ricker, of Minot, was assistant surgeon. 
Joining the Army of the Potomac on May 6, the regiment lost heavily in the 
battle of the Wilderness, and on May 12 was in that of Spottsylvania, where 
its loss was great. For six days thereafter it was under fire. May 21 it 
marched to the Po river, thence to the North Anna, which it crossed on 
May 24 under the enemy's fire. Skirmishing for several days, on June 1 was 
fought the battle of Tolopotomoy, and June 3 ensued the hotly-contested 
engagements at Bethesda Church, where fifteen were killed and thirty-nine 
wounded. For its gallantry here it received from General Griffin, command- 
ing brigade, this compliment: " The Thirty-first Maine has made for itself a 



154 



History of Androscoggin County. 



most brilliant record, and won for its officers and men imperishable renown." 
The regiment was at Cold Harbor the next day, and under fire and in frequent 
skirmishes until the twelfth, suffering greatly from the shells and sharpshooters 
of the Confederates. On the seventeenth it took part in the assault and 
capture of the Confederate works at Petersburg, and remained under fire, 
losing many men, until the thirtieth, when the regiment was assigned to an 
important position in the memorable action of that day, and its soldiers were 
the first to enter the rebel works. Here Colonel White was taken prisoner. 
From this time until August 18, the Thirty-first was on picket duty within 
range of the enemy's guns. At the battle of Poplar Spring Church, Sep- 
tember 30, it did grand service. Later it garrisoned Fort Fisher, where it was 
joined by the Fourth and Sixth companies of unassigned infantry organized at 
Augusta in October, 1864, for one year. These became companies L and M of 
the Thirty-first. In December, 485 soldiers of the 'J'hirty-second were consol- 
idated with this regiment. April 2 it was engaged in an assault on the enemy's 
works, and lost heavily. From April 20 until July 15, 1865, when it was 
mustered out, the Thirty-first was in camp at Alexandria. The Official Army 
Register says that Colonel Hight was discharged July 2, 1864, and Lieutenant- 
Colonel Stephen C. Talbot discharged July 6, 1864. Colonel Daniel White 
was commissioned July 8, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Edward L. Getchell com- 
missioned October 21, 1864, and brevetted colonel April 2, 1865; Major George 
A. Bolton, commissioned November 23, 1864, and brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 
April 2, 1865. Captain Ebenezer S. Keyes was brevetted major, April 2, 1865. 

ROSTER. 



Rich R. Ricker, Asst Surgeon, 
Ansel L. Brooks, B, from 32d, 
Caleb W. Battles, B, from .32d, 
Wesley C. Herrick, B, 
Granville R. Herrick, B, from 32il, 
Rufus W. Herrick, Corp., B, from .32d 
Ronello S. Herrick, B, from 32d, 
Charles Seavey, B, from 32d, 
Benjamin F. Thurston, B, from32d, 
Caleb Battles, B, from 32d, 
Charles M. Cobb, C, from ;52d, 
Alphonso I'ulcifer, C, from 32d, 
Benj. F. Roberts, Corp., C, from 32d, 
Robert J. Arris, D, from 32d, 
.John W. Abbott, D, from 32d, 
Forrest E. Bisbee, D, from 32d, 
Lora H. Collins, Serg., D, from32d, 
Leonard G. Dingley, D, from 32d, 
John Dyer, D, from 32d, tr to V. R. C, 
Charles S. Dyer, D, from .ad, 
Charles H. Goodwin, D, from 32d, 
John L. Ham, Serg., D, from 32d, 
Alvah N. Ham, Corp., D, from 32d, 
John Joyce, D, from 32d, 



Minot 



Leeds 
Poland 



Livermore 
Poland 



Durham 

Lewiston 



Timothy Kennedy, D, from .32d, Lewiston 

Henry C. Litchfield, D, from 32d, „ 
Henry M. Lord, D, from 32d, ' „ 
A. K. P. Marston, D, from 32d, 
Alg. M. Mitchell, D, fr 32d, tr V. R. C, 
Cleveland B. Merrill, D, from .32d, 

Lewis F. Mixer, D, from .32d, „ 

William H. Nevens, D, from 32d, ,, 
C. N. Pettengill, 1st Serg., D, from ;?2d, ,, 

Moses W. Tarr, D, from .32d, ,, 

Hiram K. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,, 

Charles E. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,, 

James F. Tarbox, D, from 32d, ,, 

Daniel Tarbox, Jr, D, from .32d, ,, 
Josiah H. Witham, D, from 32d, 

Frank Wright, D, from 32d, ,, 

Benjamin Witham, D, from 32d, ,, 

Andrew J. Bryant, D, from 32d, Turner 

Hiram A. Conant, D, from 32d, ,, 

Cephas J. Fish, D, from 32d, ,, 

Albion Hood, Wagoner, D, from 32d, ,, 

Daniel G. Harlow, D, from 32d, „ 

Mellen N. Jones, D, from 32d, „ 

Fred I. Johnson, D, from 32d, „ 



Military Affairs. 



155 



Oliver N. Leavitt, D, from o2d, 
Alvora S. Pease, D, from .Had, 
Isaac Phillips, D, from o2d, 
Ossian C. Phillips, D, from 32d, 
George Sylvester, D, from 32d, 
John W. Beokler, D, from 32d, 
Loren W. Morse, D, from .">2d, 
Ejias A. Morse, D, from 32d, 
Hebron Norton, D, from 32d, 
Thomas M. Pratt, D, from 32d, 
Rogers A. Foss, Corp., D, from 32d, 
Andrew J. Gould, D, from 32d, 
Luther M. Smith, D, from 32d, 
Augustus Smith, D, from 32d, 
Francis E. Salisbury, D, from .32d, 
Solomon Anderson, E, from ;>2d, 
David II. Stevens, E, from 32d, 
James S. Townsend, E, from 33d, 
Albert Bessey, E, from 32d, 
Charles T. Bailey, E, from 32d, 
Alonzo D. Edgecomb, E, from 32d, 
Henry R. Merrill, E, from 32d, 
Israel C. Taylor, E, from .32d, 



Turner 



Livermore 



Lisbon 



Auburn 



Webster 
Lewiston 
Livermore 



Gilbert Winslow, E, from 32d, Livermore 

Mark A. Ilerrick, G, from 32d, Poland 

Charles W. Verrill, G, from 32d, died in 

rebel prison, July 15, 65, ,, 

Charles II. Judkins, G, from .32d, Lewiston 

S. S. T. Marriner, G, from 32d, died 

Dec. 1, C)4, in rebel prison, ,, 

Albert A. Palmer, G, from 32d, 
George V. Rose, G, from .32d, Livermore 

Michael Sullivan, H, from .32d, died 

March 20, 65, Lewiston 

Almon Strout, H, from 32d, died in 

captivity, Poland 

Charles M. Labree, I, from .32d, Wales 

James B. Richardson, K, from 32d, ,, 

Charles B. Rounds, 1st Lieut, K, from 

32d, pro Captain, Danville 

Charles W. Wills, K, from 32d, Durham 

Edward Higgins, L, Lewiston 

Jones L. Haskell, Musician, L, ,, 

Joseph C. Norris, D, died in rebel 

prison, East Livermore 

Woodbury S. Libby, F, Minot 



Thirty-Second Infantry Re<iiment. — Tliis was organized under the call of 
the President made February 1, 1864, and organized at Augusta from March 3 
to May 6, Company D coming from Androscoggin. Mark F. Wentworth, of 
Kittery, was colonel; John M. Brown, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel; Arthur 
Deering, of Richmond, major. Owing to the demand for troops in the field, 
six companies, under command of Major Deering, left for Virginia, April 20. 
They were assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Army 
Corps, and marched to Bristow Station, April 27. May 5, in connection with 
the Ninth New Hampshire, they covered the rear of the army and marched 
twenty-five miles to the Kappahannock, losing many who were taken prisoners. 
The march continued until May 12, when in the battle of Spottsylvania, which 
continued for days, they rendered valiant and valuable service in the most 
exposed part of the lines. They crossed the North Anna under heavy 
cannonading, threw up three lines of works, and were joined by the balance of 
the regimental organization. At Cold Harbor the regiment lost heavily June 3, 
and June 17 captured a line of the rebels' works at Petersburg. On the 
nineteenth, advancing two or three miles the regiment erected fortifications, 
the men digging the earth with bayonets and putting it in place with dippers 
and their hands. Here it remained until the fort in front was blown up, when 
it took a most active part in the charge which followed the explosion. In this 
it lost eleven officers and one hundred men killed, wounded, and taken 
prisoners. September 30 a bloody battle occurred near Pegram House between 
this regiment and a numerous enemy, in which it was completely routed and 
nearly annihilated by the greatly superior force. December 12 the Thirty- 
second was consolidated with the Thirty-first Kegiment. 



156 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Colonel Wentwortli was discharged October 18, 1864, Lieutenant-Colonel 
John M. Brown September 12, 1864, Lieutenant-Colonel James L. Hunt and 
Major Deering December 12, 1864. 



ROSTER. 



James B. Walker, Com. Sergeant, Turner 
Joseph M. Litchfield, Hosp. Stewd, Lewiston 

Caleb W. Battles, B, Leeds 

Ansel F. Brooks, B, Minot 
Caleb Battles, B, Livermore 

Ronello S. Herrick, B, Poland 

Joseph H. Reed, B, ,, 

Charles Seavey, B, ,, 

Benjamin F. Thurston, B, ,, 

Jacob Thurston, 15, died July 9, 04, „ 

Kufus W. Herrick, B, trans from C, ,, 

Sylvester F. Jordan, C, pro 1st Serg., Lisbon 

Charles ISL Cobb, C, Poland 

Alphonzo Pulcifer, C, ,, 
Benjamin F. Roberts, C, Durham 
Wm R. Ham, Capt., D, k June 3, (54, Lewiston 
John ISL Jackson, Serg., D, pro Lieut, C, ,, 

James H. Sprowl, Serg., D, ,, 

John L. Ham, Serg., D, ,, 
Wm H. Mace, Corp., D, d July 23, CA, 

Walter S. Hodges, Corp., D, ,, 

William H. Nevens, Corp., D, ,, 

Robert J. Arris, D, ,, 

John W. Abbott, D, ,, 

Forest E. Bisbee, D, „ 

Lora H. Collins, D, ,, 

Leonard (i. Dingley, D, ,, 

Sewall G. Darling, D, died May 26, 64, „ 

John Dyer, D, ,, 

Charles S. Dyer, D, ,, 

Charles H. Goodwin, D, ,, 
Alvah N. Ham, D, 

(ieorge A. Hodgdon, D, died May, 64, ,, 

John Joyce, D, ,, 

Warren C. Knowles, D, died Sep. 4, 64, ,, 

Timothy Kennedy, D, ,, 

J lenry (^ Litchfield, D, „ 

Benjamin B. Larrabee, D, k June .'?, 64, ,, 

Henry M. Lord, D, ,, 

Albion K. Mai-ston, 1), ,, 
Sylvanus D. Mitchell, D, d July 11, 64, 

Algernon M. Mitchell, D, ,, 

Cleaveland B. Merrill, D, ,, 

Lewis F. Mixer, D, ,, 

C. N. Pettengill, I), pro Serg., ,, 

Moses W. Tarr, D, ,, 

Hiram S. Tibbetts, D, died May 1!), 64, ,, 

Hiram K. Tliompson, D, ,, 

Charles E. Thompson, D, ,, 

James F. Tarbox, D, „ 

Daniel Tarbox, D, ,, 



Frank Wright, D, Lewiston 

Josiah H. Witham, D, ,, 

Benjamin Witham, D, ,, 

Charles B. Rounds, Lient, D, Danville 
Augustine W. Stinchfield, D, died 

October 24, 64, 
James J. Chase, Lieut, D, promoted 

1st Lieut, K, Turner 

Hiram A. Conant, Corp., D, ,, 

Fred T. Johnson, Mus., D, ,, 

Albion Hood, Wagoner, D, „ 

Andrew J. Bryant, D, ,, 
Charles B. Chandler, D, 

Cephas J. Fish, D, ,, 

Daniel G. Harlow, D, ,, 

Mellen N. Jones, D, ' ,, 

Oliver N. Leavitt, D, ,, 

Alvora S. Pease, D, „ 

Isaac Phillips, D, ,, 

Ossian C. Phillips, D, ,, 

Judson Pratt, D, ,, 

Francis Snell, D, died Aug. 29, 64, ,, 

George Sylvester, D, ,, 

James B. Walker, D, pro Com. Serg., ,, 

Lloyd Q. Arnold, Serg., D, Lisbon 

Rogers A. Foss, Corp., D, ,, 

George A. Cole, D, ,, 

Andrew J. Gould, D, died in service, ,, 
Albert Small, D, died May 14, 64, 

Luther M. Smith, D, „ 

Augustus Smith, D, ,, 

F. E. Salisbury, D, ,, 

Chas. E. Cole, Sgt, D, k July 30, 64, Livermore 
Henry B. Rose, Corp., D, k June 1, 64, ,, 

Charles H. Atwood, D, d Aug. 5, 64, ,, 
John W. Beckler, D, 

Lorin W. Morse, D, ,, 

Elias A. Morse, D, ,, 

Charles Morse, D, died June 25, 64, ,, 

Hebron Norton, Corp., D, ,, 
Thomas M. Pratt, D, 

Fred H. Nevens, Corp., D, Auburn 

Michael McCarthy, D, ,, 

Maynard G. Davis, D, k May 12, 64, Poland 

Joseph C. Norris, D, d. East Livermore 

Henry W. Richards, E, kd 1864, „ „ 

Charles Gibbs, Serg., E, Livermore 

John W. Bigelow, Serg., E, ,, 

Alonzo D. Edgecomb, E, ,, 

Albert Bessey, E, Webster 

Henry R. Merrill, E, Livermore 



Military Affairs. 



157 



Israel C. Taylor, E, 


Livermore 


Gilbert Winslow, E, 


,, 


diaries T. Duly, E, 


Lewiston 


James T. Tarbox, E, 


,, 


James B. Ridley, E, 


Auburn 


David H. Stevens, E, 


,, 


James S. Townsend, E, 


jj 


Solomon Anderson, E, 


,, 


Mark A. Herrick, G, 


Poland 


Charles W. Verrill, G, 


,, 


Charles H. Judkins, G, 


Lewiston 


S. S. T. Marriner, G, 


,, 



Albert A. Palmer, G, 

George V. Rose, G, 

Daniel Constantine, H, 

Michael Sullivan, H, 

Charles E. Phillips. H, d July '27, (54 

Almon Strout, H, 

Charles M. Labree, I, 

David R. Plummer, K, died July 25, 

James B. Richardson, K, ,, 

E. B. Lovejoy, East Livermore 

E. Goodrich, „ „ 



Lewiston 

Livermore 

Lewiston 

Turner 
Poland 
Wales 
64, 



First Veteran Volunteers. — This regiment was formed August 21, 1864, at 
Charlestown, Va, by consolidating the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh battalions, and 
engaged in battle the same day. It fought at Winchester, September 19, 
Fisher's Hill, September 21, and took its part in all the marches of the Shenan- 
doah Valley campaign, and in the action at Cedar Creek, October 19. From 
January 1, 1865, to March 25, it did duty along the lines in front of 
Petersburg. On the last-mentioned day the regiment took part in the 
successful assault on the Confederate lines near Fort Fisher as part of the 
Sixth Corps, and then was placed on the right of General Hyde's line to 
protect that flank. Several attacks were made upon it, until, charging with 
Warren's brigade, the regiment carried all before it and took many prisoners. 
April 2 it was the second line of Hyde's brigade, the point of "the Sixth 
Corps wedge," which General Meade said decided the fate of Richmond, 
and its colors were among the first on the rebel works and before daybreak. 
Being ordered at once to Hatcher's Run, it there captured many prisoners 
and munitions of war. Here Captain Merrill and fourteen men, after a 
brisk fight, captured seventy-nine Confederates, an entire company of sharp- 
shooters. The same day the regiment took active part in storming the 
battery at Lee's headquarters, and continued in brilliant skirmishes across 
the Appomattox until the day closed in full victory. It was engaged in 
the pursuit of Lee's retreating army, in receiving Lee's surrender, and, 
April 26, in the bloodless occupation of Danville. Here Colonel Hyde was 
appointed military governor, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher provost-marshal. 
Remaining here nearly a month, it marched to Washington, took part in the 
grand review. May 23, and June 28, 1865, was mustered out of the United 
States service. Returning to Maine, it was finally discharged July 3, 1865. 
Colonel Thomas W. H3^de was commissioned October 22, 1864, and Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Stephen C. Fletcher, November 6, 1864. Captains Charles T. 
Witherell and Albert A. Nickerson were brevetted major October 19, 1864, 
and Captain Augustus Merrill brevetted major April 2, 1865. Major Alex- 
ander B. Sumner, brevetted lieutenant-colonel April 2, 1865, was discharged 
June 16, 1865. 



158 



History of Androscoggin County. 



ROSTER. 



Alonzo Adley, Serg., A, Lewistou 

John Dow, A, ,, 

Albert G. Dunham, A, ,, 

Charles Ilicks, A, ,, 

Albert R. Turner, A, ,, 

Philander C. Towns, A, d Nov. 14, (J4, ,, 
Augustus A. Dwiual, Sgt, A, pro Lt, G, Minot 

Albert A. Gilbert, A, Turner 

Davis M. Merrill, A, ,, 
Henry H. Hutchinson, 1st Serg., A, Poland 

Cyrenus P. Stevens, 1st Serg., A, Greene 

Francis M. Bragdon, B, tr to G, Poland 

Wellington H. Dwinal, B, „ 

Joseph Q. Edmonds, B, „ 

John Fardy, B, ,, 

Charles E. Harris, Corp., pro Serg., B, ,, 

Almon H. Hutchinson, B, „ 

Levi F. Jordan, B, ,, 

Arthur M. Brown, Corp., B, Minot 

Harrison J. Dwinal, B, ,, 

William H. Morse, Corp., B, „ 

Joseph Layet, G, ,, 

Joseph Jones, H, Turner 

Lewis Gordon, H, Poland 

Philip Sullivan, H, Livermore 

Ira Emery, A, ,, 

Frank F. Goss, Corp., B, Danville 
David Small, B, 

Albert W. Hinds, Corp., B, Turner 

David H. Jones, B, Auburn 

Samuel W. Taylor, B, Wales 

Nathaniel Haskell, B, Lewiston 

W. M. Larrabee, B, ,, 

Lemont Manning, B, ,, 

Charles H. Manning, B, ,, 

Thomas Nugent, B, „ 

Isaiah Purrington, B, ,, 

Daniel Shehau, Corp., B, „ 

Henry Thompson, B, ,, 

Thomas Ward, Corp., B, ,, 

William Kelley, B, Greene 

George W. Verrill, Corp., D, kd, G4, Minot 

Silas Crooker, D, ,, 

William B. Ru.sli, I), Lewiston 

John Barrett, D, ,, 

McGIoire Gosslin, D, kd Sept. 22, (J4, „ 

Baptist Marcho, D, ,, 

Thomas Ripley, D, ,, 

Edward Valrend, D, ,, 

James (Iraham, C, Turner 

Jolin O'Donnell, E, Auburn 



David N. Landers, F, Auburn 

Barzilla Wilson, F, Webster 

George N. Thurlow, Corp., F, Lewiston 

Charles H. Hodgdon, G, Wales 

John W». Adams, G, Auburn 

Walter Eckhart, G, 
Robert Henneke, Corp., G, 
Paul H. Ingwerson, G, 
John F. M. Lahrssehn, G, 
Joseph Plant, G, 
Carl Yahr, G, 
Welcome Beals, G, Turner 

Enos Corey, G, Lewiston 

Nathan R. Turner, G, ,, 

George H. Fuller, G, Livermore 

Dominicus Libby, G, k May 6, 64, Danville 

Charles W. Longfellow, G, Greene 

William H. Larrabee, 1st Lieut, H, Danville 
George B. JSUoore, Qm.-Serg.. Lisbon 

John B. Cook, Capt., I, dis for pro, Lewistou 
Benjamin F. Mower, I, Greene 

James W. Libby, Serg., K, Leeds 

Albert M. Rose, Corp., K, ,, 

Charles H. Smith, Lewistou 

Elijah R. Smith, 
John Collins, K, 
Jordan G. Carville, Serg., K, pro Lt, 

20 Co., 
^Merrill J. Hibbard, K, 
James McCabe, K, 
Felix McHanuan, K, 
John Magner, K, kd Oct. H), 1804, 
James Mohegan, K, 
George Morgan, Corp., K, 
William S. Real, K, 
James Cain, K, 
John Carney, K, 
John Hammond, K, 
Leopole Shillott, K, 
Thomas Willett, K, 
Dennis Harris, Corp., K, Greene 

San ford R. Knox, K, ,, 

George F. Hodgdon, Corp., K, Livermore 

Allen F. Plummer, K, Wales 

jNIarcus M. Small, K, tr to I, East Livermore 
William H. Whitney, K, d of wds, f)4, Lisbon 
Lyman E. Bessey, Lewiston 

Charles A. Hatch, Auburn 

Thomas J. Thurston, A, Lewiston 

Harland Page, E, Greene 

Thomas Quinn, E, ,, 



First Infantrij Battalion. — This was organized May 25, 1865, at Augusta, 
from four unassigned companies recruited for one year's service and originally 
designed for the Fifteenth Regiment. The companies were lettered A, B, C, 



Military Affairs. 



159 



and D, and of these Company C had quite a proportion of Androscoggin 
county men. The battalion was assigned to the Second brigade of Dvvight's 
division, and commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Calvin S. Brown. It was on 
duty in the Shenandoah Valley, and later at different places in South Carolina, 
until April 5, 1866, when its term expired and it was mustered out of United 
States service. 

ROSTER. 



Royal A. Bray, Capt., C, Turner 

John E. Ashe, 1st Lieut, C, ,, 

William E. Alden, Corp., C, ,, 

Sanford Conant, C, ,, 

Luther K. Carey, C, pro Com. Serg., ,, 

Algernon H. Davis, C, died in service, ,, 

Henry Donham, C, died in service, ,, 
Alvah N. Dexter, C, 

Alonzo Fuller, C, ,, 
Edwin S. French, Corp., C,died in service, ,, 

Horace J. Gilbert, Corp., C, „ 

Samuel J. Oilman, Corp., C, ,, 



Frank Kilgore, C, Turner 

Thaddeus Leavitt, 1st Serg., C, ,, 

Liacius Libby, C, ,, 

Orpheus M. Leonard, C, died in service, „ 
Albert Ladd, C, ,, 

Mellen Merrill, C, 
Edward Shurtleif, Serg., C, 
Charles H. Thayer, Sei'g., C, „ 

Eraslus E. Gilbert, B, died in service, Leeds 
Lorenzo D. Stinchfield, B, Lewiston 

Samuel F. Coffin, Mus., C, Turner 



First Heavii Artillery (Eighteenth Infantry Kegiment). — This regiment 
was organized at Bangor and Augusta, August 21, 1862, for three years, as the 
Eighteenth Kegiment of infantry, changed to heavy artillery and designated 
the First Heavy Artillery Regiment in December, 1862. Two additional com- 
panies were organized — one in January, the other in February, 1864. The 
original members were mustered out June 6, 1865, and the organization, 
composed of veterans and recruits of this regiment, with accessions from the 
Seventeenth and Nineteenth Infantry regiments, remained in service until 
mustered out, September 11, 1865. No regiment more gallantly acquired its 
laurels. May 19, 1864, at Fredericksburg Pike, it lost in less than three hours 
in killed and wounded, 476 officers and men, yet never wavered nor faltered 
till night fell and checked the carnage. The Adjutant-General's Report of 
1864 says of one of its engagements at Petersburg: 

June 18, 1864. Advanced on the enemy's works and carried two lines in the vicinity of 
the O'Haire house. In the afternoon the command was massed with the brigade to assault 
that portion of the enemy's line considered too strong to carry in the raoruiug — the regi- 
ment in three battalions constituting the three front lines. Works had been constructed, 
arranged to sweep by direct and enfilade fires every foot of the intervening j^lain. Upon 
the word "Forward," the first lines moved forward. The First Battalion was swept away 
by the deadly fire of the enemy before it had advanced one hundred yards, whole 
companies reeled before the fury of the shock, yet the gallant few went on as if devoted to 
death. Unsupported they pressed forward, a few getting within forty yards of the enemy's 
breastworks, when, more than two-thirds of the regiment being either killed or wounded, 
the order was given to fall back. Should the fearful responsibility of this fatal assault be 
charged against the gallant Colonel Chaplin, justice demands that it should be known that 
he acted under imperative orders, both in making the assault and in the disposition of his 
own regiment in front. 



160 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Other notable actions where the First Heavy Artillery did meritorious 
service were Tolopotomoy, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Boydton 
Road. Colonel Chaplin was mortally wounded August 18, 1864. Lieutenant- 
Colonel Thomas H. Talbot resigned September 14, and Major George W. 
Sabine, December 10. He succeeded Major Charles Hamlin, discharged April 
26, 1863, and was followed in office by Major Christopher V. Crossraan until 
December 22, when he was discharged. Colonel Russell B. Shepherd was 
commissioned October 21, 1864; Major Harrison G. Smith, March 28, 1865. 
Major Charles VV. Nute died March 9, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel Zimro A. 
Smith was in command for some time after he was appointed before he was 
mustered in with that rank. 

ROSTER. 



George Duran, A, Durham 

Gilman Rice, A, Lewistou 

William 0. Bridge, M, ,, 

Frank Bridge, M, ,, 

Philip C. Keith, M, 

Joseph Jordan, B, Webster 

Horatio B. Downer, D, kd June 17, M, Lewiston 
Sylvester Eaton, D, ,, 

Thomas Hatch, D, died of wounds July 

12, 1804, Auburn 

Sewall B. Waite, D, Lewiston 

Henry A. Evans, E, d of wds Apr. 11, 65, ,, 
Stephen F. Harriman, E, ,, 

William R. Kennerson, E, ,, 

Henry W. Stearns, E, ,, 



Alonzo Goodwin, E, 




Auburn 


Edwin L. Ladd, E, transferred to G, 


Wales 


George C. Cross, L, died June 18, 


64, 


Auburn 


John J. Bragdon, L, died July 25 


()4 


Poland 


Nelson W. Edwards, L, died July 


11, 


64, 


John H. Quimby, L, 




Lewiston 


Phineas K. Martin, M, 




,, 


John G. Tibbetts, M, 




jj 


Isaac S. Fauuce, Captain, B, 




J, 


David J. Chandler, Lieut, B, 




>> 


W. H. H. Small, Corp., B, 




ft 


Arthur L. Coombs, B, 




jj 


Patrick Dolan, B, 




,, 


John O. Sullivan, B, 




,, 


Stephen C. Chitler, B, 




Poland 


Elisha K. Mann, Serg., C, 




Leeds 


Stephen Richards, Corp., C, 




Lewiston 


Mandrid 0. Savage, Serg., C, 




jj 


Nathan B. Harlow, Corp., C, 




„ 


John S. Higgins, C, 




>» 


David Howe, C, 




a 


Frank Larvin, C, 






Silas McAllister, C, 




][ 


Leonard Percy, C, 




n 


Leonard Weston, C, 




» 



Frank White, C, 
David Bailey, C, 
Jonathan Hutchinson, Jr, D, 
Charles Ludus, 1st Serg., D, 
Thomas JNIcCarty, D, 
Charles W. Merrill, D, 
Henry Hall, E, 
Frank Kilgore, E, 
Charles McCarroll, E, 
Edwin E. Jones, Serg., E, 
Walter Jerald, Serg., F, 
Maxim Layois, F, 
Frederic Leavitt, F, 
Patrick Lyons, F, 
Emery E. Lowell, F, 
Hezekiah Morse, F, 
( Jeorge Morris, F, 
William H. Lemont, F, 
Eben E. Colby, G, 
William B. Ellis, G, 
Hugh Hunter, G, 
Michael A. Murphy, Serg., G, 
Warren Sturtevant, G, 
George Wilbur, G, 
James Courson, H, 
Roscoe Smith, H, 
Daniel Strickland, H, 
John Sullivan, H, 
Patrick Sullivan, H, 
John Brine, Corp., I, 
James Gleason, I, 
Martin McElroy, I, 
Frank Tripp, I, 
Charles Wellman, I, 
Emanuel Brazille, K, 
William Greenwood, K, 
James W. Hicks, K, 
Samuel E. Kenniston, K, 
Morris Murphy, K, 
John H. Williams, K, 



Lewiston 

Poland 

Minot 

Lewiston 



Minot 
Lewiston 



Auburn 
Lewiston 



Leeds 

Minot 

Lewiston 



Military Affairs. 161 



John Warner, K, Lewiston 
Charles H. Wright, K, 

Orville Young, K, ,, 

Almon E. Brown, K, Auburn 

Rufus Danforth, K, „ 



Francis D. Moray, K, Auburn 

Chandler Nason, K, ,, 

William Doyle, K, Leeds 

Philip C. Keith, M, Lewiston 

Samuel W. Adams, Greene 



First Battalion Light Artillery. — This name was given to an organization 
of seven batteries, serving in different commands, and mustered into United 
States service at different times and places, thus: First Battery at Port- 
land, December 18, 1861; Second Battery at Augusta, November 30, 1861; 
Third Battery at Augusta, December 11, 1861; Fourth Battery at Augusta, 
December 21, 1861 ; Fifth Battery at Augusta, December 4, 1861 ; Sixth 
Battery at Augusta, February 7, 1862; Seventh Battery at Augusta, December 
30, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel Davis Tillson was discharged March 25, 1863. 
Lieutenant-Colonel George F. Leppien died May 24, 1864, of wounds received 
in action. Lieutenant-Colonel Freeman McGilvery died September 2, 1864, of 
wounds received in action at Deep Bottom, Va. Lieutenant-Colonel James A. 
Hall was brevetted brigadier-general March 7, 1865. 

The First Battery joined the Army of the Gulf at New Orleans and was 
in its first action December 27, 1862, at Labadieville. From this time until 
August, 1863, it saw much service, notably at Pattersonville, January 14, at 
Bisland, April 12 and 13, at Port Hudson from April 27 to the fall of the 
place, and at Donaldsonville, July 13, where it took a prominent part. 
December 29, 1863, every man on duty re-enlisted for three years and went 
home on a furlough. It was rendezvoused at Augusta in March, and was 
assigned to General Burnside's corps of the Army of the Potomac and 
stationed at Washington. July 12, 1864, it aided in repelling General Early's 
attack on Fort Stevens, and September 19 it was prominent in the battle of 
Winchester, and at Strasburg, September 22. October 19 it participated in 
the battle of Cedar Creek, Va, losing heavily. From November 9 to July 9, 
1865, it was stationed at Winchester and Manchester, Va. On the last-named 
day it was ordered to Portland, where it was mustered out July 15, 1865. 

The Second Battery saw action first at Cross Keyes, Va, June 8, 1862, and 
took part in skirmishes at Strasburg June 1, Woodstock June 2, Mount 
Jackson June 4, Newmarket June 5, Harrisonburg June 6, and Port Republic 
June 9. August 8 it fought the Confederates, five miles beyond Culpepper, 
and the next day was prominent in the battle of Cedar Mountain. It took 
part in the action at Bull Run, August 30. December 13 it was a participant 
in the attack on Fredericksburg and very active all day. On the afternoon of 
August 15, the battery recrossed the river and took position on the heights 
covering the bridge over which General Franklin's troops were crossing. 
August 19 it went into camp near Fletcher's Chapel, where it stayed until 
May 3, 1863, when it took part in the battle of Chancellorsville. From this 
time it was active in the Pennsylvania campaign, and was in most gallant 



1(32 History of Androscoggin County. 



combat July 1, 2, and 3 at Gettysburg. It was in camp and on furlough from 
this action until April 26, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the 
Potomac and joined the march to Richmond, where it viciously assailed the 
enemy near Spottsylvania, May 10, 11, 12, 14, and 18, and south of the 
Pamunkey river, June 1 and 3. It engaged the enemy in front of Petersburg, 
July 26. September 27 it went into position in the fort on the left of the road 
leading to Petersburg, and was here, at City Point, and at Alexandria until 
May 31, 1865, when it was ordered to Augusta, where it was mustered out of 
service and discharged June 16. 

The Third Battery arrived at Washington, April 3, 1862, and acted as 
"pontooniers" for General McDowell from April 14 to November 7, when it 
returned to Fort Lincoln and engaged in building "Battery Maine." March 
28, 1863, it became Company M, First Regiment Heavy Artillery Maine 
Volunteers. January 5, 1864, seventj^-two men re-enlisted for three years 
were furloughed, and rendezvoused at Augusta, February 22. They were 
detached from the First Heavy Artillery, and reorganized as the Third Battery 
of Mounted Artillery. This was at Washington on duty from February 28 
until July 5, when it was assigned to duty with the Third Division of the 
Ninth Corps, and July 9 was placed in position before the rebel works in front 
of Cemetery Hill at Petersburg. From this time until August 19 it was in 
daily battle with the Confederates, bearing honorable part in the general 
engagement of July 30. October 25 it moved to the defenses of City Point, 
having been in the trenches in front of Petersburg 105 days. The battery 
remained at City Point and Washington until June 2, 1865, when it returned 
to Maine, and was mustered out and discharged June 22, 1865. 

The Fourth Battery was stationed at and around Washington from April 3 
until June 28, 1862, when it went to the Shenandoah Valley, where, August 9, 
it participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain. Returning to Culpepper, 
August 19 it went to the Rappahannock river, protected the bridge at the 
railroad crossing, the next day repulsed a rebel battery and rejoined its corps 
at Sulphur Springs, where it had a brisk engagement with a Confederate 
battery, August 12. September 17 it did good execution at Antietam, and, 
following the retreating foe to Harper's Ferry, took position on Bolivar 
Heights, September 20, and was on garrison and picket duty here and at 
Maryland Heights until June 30, 1863, when it evacuated its position. July 
22 it was engaged in the action at Wapping Heights, Va, and from this time 
was in active operations until going into camp at Brandy Station, December 3. 
It fought at McLean's Ford October 15, at Kelly's Ford November 7, and at 
Mine Run November 30. May 6, 1864, it crossed the Rapidan as part of the 
Sixth Corps. At Cold Harbor, June 1, and later at Petersburg, it did efficient 
service. The Fourth remained in commission until June 17, 1865, when it 
was mustered out and discharged. 



Military Affairs. 163 



The Fifth Battery encamped at Washington, April 1, 1862. May 19 it 
"marched to Fredericksburg, thence to Front Royal, and August 9 took 
position at Cedar Mountain at night under a heavy artillery fire. August 20, 
21, and 23 it covered the railroad crossing at Rappahannock Station and 
prevented the Confederate batteries from taking position. It took part in the 
action at Thoroughfare Gap, August 27, and lost four guns at Manassas, 
August 30. December 13 it was under the heaviest cannonading of the battle 
of Fredericksburg. May 3, 1863, it suffered severely at Chancellorsville, 
Captain Leppien being mortally wounded and thirty others killed and wounded. 
July 1 it attacked the Confederates at Emmettsburg, and the next two days 
was active in the great action at Gett3'^sburg. Passing the winter at Culpepper, 
Va, it commenced its activity May 21, 1864, at Spottsylvania, and June 2 
silenced the rebel batteries in front of its position at Cold Harbor. It was 
before Petersburg, and later with the Sixth Corps in the defensive operations 
for the protection of Washington and Baltimore, and September 19 had an 
all-day's fight at Opequan. At Cedar Creek, October 19, it won high honors 
and lost heavily. This was its last engagement of moment. It was on duty 
along the Shenandoah and Potomac until it returned to Maine, where it was 
mustered out and discharged July 6, 1865. 

The Sixth Battery served under Generals Sigel, Banks, and Heintzelman in 
Virginia, and Generals Williams and Slocum in Maryland, commencing active 
campaigning in April, 1862. At Cedar Mountain, August 9, it held an 
important position with some loss. It took part in all the fighting on the 
Rappahannock under General Pope, and was of great service at Centerville 
and Manassas, August 29 and 30. It was in reserve at South Mountain, Sep- 
tember 14, and in position at Antietam, September 17. December 27 one 
section of the Sixth made a successful defense of Dumfries, Va, and with 
infantry support repulsed a large force. It took a prominent part at Gettys- 
burg, July 2 and 3, and later shared in the skirmishing of the First Corps on 
its retreat from Culpepper. More than two-thirds of the men re-enlisted early 
in 1864. From May 3, 1864, until January, 1865, it was constantly in aggres- 
sive duty. May 6 losing eight men at the action of Todd's Tavern, and engaging 
the Confederates on the Ny, North Anna, and Pamunkey rivers, at Cold 
Harbor, for two weeks in front of Petersburg, along the Appomattox, on the 
south side of the James surrounded by the enemy, and from August 22 to 
October 22 garrisoning and defending Fort Davis. From October the Sixth 
liad many artillery duels with the Confederates, was pitted against their heavy 
siege guns and mortars, and in many other ways maintained its deservedly high 
reputation. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 17, 1865. 

The Seventh Battery joined the Ninth Army Corps in April, 1863, and 
May 9 and 12 had its first encounters with the Confederates on the Ny, acquit- 
ting itself ably. June 2 and 3 it was prominent in the battle of Cold Harbor, 



164 



History of Androscoggin County. 



then took its way to Petersburg, aided in driving the enemy across the Norfolk 
raih-oad on the eighteenth, and on the twenty-third took position at Peters- 
burg, only 700 yards from and directly in front of the point where the mine 
was exploded July 30, and for forty-seven consecutive days was under fire. 
August 4 it was relieved and stationed at Fort Rice, where it received great 
attention from the Confederate batteries. October 2 it took position at the 
Pegram House under a heavy artillery fire, and assisted in repelling the attack 
on that position. December 2 returning to Petersburg it garrisoned Fort 
Sedgwick until April 1, 1865, and took part in the capture of Petersburg. 
After Lee's surrender the Seventh returned to Washington, May 10 participated 
in the grand review of the army, and June 5 left Washington for Maine. It 
was mustered out at Augusta, June 21, 1865. 

ROSTER. 



Wales 

Durham 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 



Lisbon 



Poland 

Lewiston 



William D. Wood, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat., Auburn 

Charles H. Cobb, Jr, 1 Bat., Danville 

A. J. Lufkin, Serg., 1 Bat., Lewiston 

Michael Collins, 1 Bat., died in service, ,, 

L. I. N. Lenfest, 1 Bat., ,, 

John K. Hamilton, 1 Bat., 

Eben Gould, 1 Bat., 

William Morton, 1 Bat., 

Michael O'Brien, 1 Bat., 

Daniel P. Eaton, Serg., 5 Bat., 

Sullivan Luce, 5 Bat., kd July 3, 6.3, 

Charles P. IVIiller, 5 Bat., 

Warren B. Bailey, 5 Bat., 

Charles H. Foss, 5 Bat., 

Charles H. Harlow, 5 Bat., 

Alonzo Hinckley, Corp., 5 Bat., 

Isaac P. St Clair, 5 Bat., 

William C. A. Browu, 5 Bat., 

John Carvill, Corp., 5 Bat., 

William C. Coatling, 5 Bat., 

Hiram Cordwell, 5 Bat., 

John Finley, 5 Bat., wd and miss 

Manassas, 
Patrick Green, 5 Bat., 
Michael Hickey, 5 Bat., 
James S. Lebroke, 5 Bat. 
William Lenuard, 5 Bat. 
C. W. Richardson, Mus., 
IJewellyn Sawyer, .5 Bat., 
Edward Warren, 5 Bat., 
Richard K. Maxwell, .5 I'at., 
John R. Whitticr, 5 Bat., 
John H. Hanson, 5 Bat., 
Edward T. Sawyer, 6 Bat., 
Omer Smith, Corp., 7 Bat., 
Benjamin S. Crawford, 7 Bat., 
Edgar Emery, 7 Bat., 
Delphinas B. Bicknell, Serg., 7 Bat., 



at 



, pro Serg. 
5 Bat., 



Minot 
Lewiston 

Danville 

Lewiston 

Auburn 

Poland 



Joseph R. Niles, 7 Bat., d of wds, 18G4 

Harris W. Jordan, 7 Bat., 

Alfred B. Wyman, 7 Bat., 

Alfred Roberts, 7 Bat., 

Charles A. N. Waterman, 7 Bat., 

Solomon L. Carmoin, 2 Bat., 

Eli B. Clark, 2 Bat., 

Benjamin P. Peterson, 2 Bat., 

Jerry Russell, 2 Bat., 

Oliver L. Stevens, 4 Bat., 

Martin Goding, 4 Bat., died Nov. 9, 04 

William A. Childs, 4 Bat., 

Frank McCann, 4 Bat., 

Uriah Read, Corp., 4 Bat., 

A. K. P. Ramsdell, 4 Bat., 

John B. Hanson, 5 Bat., 

Matthew Roberts, 5 Bat., 

Roscoe A. Williams, 5 Bat., 

Luther Briggs, Corp., 7 Bat., 

Samuel A. Stillings, 7 Bat., 

George Holmes, 7 Bat., 

Charles Emerson, 7 Bat., 

Sewall B. Emery, 7 Bat., 

Wesley Strout, 7 Bat., 

Oliver B. Strout, 7 Bat., 

Henry Stockbridge, 7 Bat., 

Samuel Taylor, 7 Bat., 

Edwin Woodsum, 7 Bat., 

Wentworth M. Brown, 7 Bat., 

Lorenzo B. Harrington, 7 Bat., 

George B. Hasey, 1 Bat., 

Edward Connor, 1 Bat., 

Patrick Dunn, 1 Bat., 

Samuel Scofleld, 1 Bat., 

Ezekiel H. Cook, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat., 

John McMullen, 1 Bat., 

Frederic C. Fuller, 7 Bat., 

Nathaniel C. Dean, 7 Bat., 



Webster 



Durham 



Lewiston 



Livermore 

Auburn 

Poland 

Lewiston 



Turner 
Minot 
Lisbon 

Turner 
Poland 



Lewiston 

Lisbon 

Auburn 



Minot 
Lewiston 



Webster 



Military Affairs. 165 



Fii'st Gavalry Regiment. — This regiment of twelve companies was organized 
at Augusta, November 5, 1861, for three years, the men being of fine material 
and coming from all parts of the state. Company G was principally recruited 
in Androscoggin county. The original field officers were Colonel John God- 
dard, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Hight (formerly a captain in the regular 
army), Majors Samuel H. Allen, David P. Stowell, Calvin S. Douty. Colonel 
Goddard resigned February 12, 1862, and Major Allen was commissioned 
colonel. Captain Warren L. Whitney of Company A becoming major. March 
14, 1862, Companies A, D, E, and F, under command of Colonel Allen, left 
the state for Washington, where they arrived March 19. Companies B, 
I, H, and M, under Major Douty, left March 20, arriving at Washington 
March 24. Here the two detachments were joined by the remaining companies. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Hight resigned March 14, 1862, and May 10 Major Douty 
was commissioned in his place, and with Companies A, B, E, H, and M, 
was assigned to General Hatch's cavalry brigade of General Banks's corps. 
The other companies were soon connected with General Ord's Division at 
Fredericksburg. May 23 l^ieutenant-Colonel Douty with his command aided 
in covering General Banks's retreat to Williamsport. The regiment was con- 
solidated at Warrenton, Va, July 10, and was in active service from that time; 
August 9 in the battle of Cedar Mountain, and August 20 at Brandy Station. 
September 4 it was in the fight of Frederick City, Md, and garrisoned the 
place. Colonel Allen being made military governor. Company G (then 
General Reno's body-guard) took part in the action at South Mountain, 
September 14, and C-ompanies M and H in that of Antietam, September 17. 
The regiment was at Frederick City and Falmouth, Va, until February 20, 
1863, when it joined the First Brigade, Third Division, Colonel J. Kilpatrick 
commanding. Colonel Allen resigned December 12, 1862, and Lieutenant- 
Colonel Douty was promoted to his place. From April 13 to June 8 the First 
was in several engagements and reconnoissances, and June 17 it lost heavily at 
Aldie, Va, Colonel Douty being among the killed. June 19 it was in action 
at Middleburg, June 21 at Upperville, and July 3 in a severe cavalry fight 
at Gettysburg. July 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Smith was commis- 
sioned colonel, and Major Boothby succeeded him. The First went to the 
support of the pickets at Shepherdstown, who were attacked by a large force 
under General Stuart July 16, and had a hotly contested fight of many 
hours. From August 24 to January 1, 1864, the First was a prominent factor 
in numerous battles, skirmishes, and reconnoissances. February 27, 1864, 300 
men reported to General Kilpatrick for duty in the expedition to Richmond, in 
which they had several engagements, losing before their return to Alexandria, 
March 12, 98 men and over 200 horses. May 7 and 8 they liad a severe engage- 
ment at Todd's Tavern, and May 9 started on (leneral Sheridan's first raid and 
reached within three miles of Richmond. June 2 Chaplain Barrett was killed 



166 



History of Androscoggin County. 



by a solid shot. From this time until September, the First took gallant part in 
the actions of Trevillian's Station, St Mary's Church, Malvern Hill, Charles 
City Road, Dinwiddle Court House, and Ream's Station. At this time seven 
companies of the First District of Columbia Cavalry were transferred to the 
various companies of the First Maine. In October were fought actions at 
Gravelly Creek and Roydton Plank Road. The members whose terms of 
service expired November 4, 1864, were mustered out at Augusta, November 
25, 1864. The organization still in service had an obstinate engagement Feb- 
ruary, 1865, at Cat Tail Run, where it lost heavily. It did good service in the 
closing battles of the war, and was mustered out of the United States service 
at Petersburg, Va, August 1, 1865, after a most heroic career. 

Colonel Smith was bre vetted brigadier-general August 1, 1864. Major 
Whitney resigned May 13, 1863, Major George W. Jirown February 11, 1864, 
Major Sidney W. Thaxter November 24, 1864, Major Daniel S. Curtis Jan- 
uary 18, 1865, and Major Joel W. Cloudman February 20, 1865. The field 
officers at the close of service were Colonel Charles H. Smith, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Jonathan P. Cilley, and Majors Constantine Taylor, Benjamin F. 
Tucker, and Paul Chadbourne. Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Boothby died 
June 6, 1864, from wounds received in action. 

An organization was formed in 1890 as First Maine Cavalry Association of 
Androscoggin County, to hold semi-annual meetings in memory of their gallant 
history. Charles E. Moulton was chosen president ; M. F. Ricker, vice- 
president ; Henry Little, secretary and treasurer. At that time the veterans 
residing in the county numbered about sixty, embracing these whom we do 
not find credited to any town of the county: Charles E. Moulton, George Day, 
O. M. Barnard, J. M. Woodman, Samuel Whitney, C. B. Kimball, Nelson A. 
Dodge, Daniel Irish, J. W. West, George L. Fassett, Perry Chandler, William 
Dudley, Charles Phenix, B. P. Lowell, I. B. Harvey, Andrew Brawn, Horace 
Whitcomb, Frank Whitcomb, I. S. Maxwell, Charles Merryfield, A. E. Soule, 
Samuel Stone, John Stone, John Steele, Albert Smith, Leander Lane, A. P. 
Donnell, A. B. Brown. 

ROSTER. 



Thomas Otis, D, Poland 

George Wentworth, B, Greene 

Seth H. Keene, E, Turner 

Roscoe G. Reals, E, Leeds 

p:d P. Mitchell, F, Vii'ales 

Moses H. Fogg, H, tr to V. R. C, ,, 
Llewellyn W. Fogg, H, Lewistou 

Augustus J. Burbank, Capt., G, ,, 
Zebulon B. Blethen, Lieut, G, promoted 

Capt. Aug. 14, 18()2, „ 

Nelson J. Forsyth, Serg., G, ,, 
George E. Jumper, G, promoted Lieut 

April 16, 1865, 



Boynton Grover, Corp., G, promoted 

Sergeant Oct. 28, 1862, Lewiston 

Henry W. Furbish, G, ,, 
Fred M. Baker, Corp., G, d Apl 17, 65, 

Elijah Collamore, G, „ 

Levi S. Dakiu, G, ,, 

F. B. Dakin, G, ,, 

Rodney C. Davis, G, died March 5, 62, ,, 
Charles T. Duley, G, 

George L. Duston, G, ,, 

Israel M. Hatch, G, „ 

Sumner W. Howes, G, ,, 

Frank M. Furber, Band, ,, 



Military Affairs. 



167 



William O. Howes, G, Com. June 2, 64, 

Capt. 1st Maine S. S., Lewiston 

Riley L. Jones, G, 
Fred K. Noyes, G, 
Charles W. Jordan, G, 
Addison G. Pulsifer, G, 
William Maloon, Bugler, G, 
Bailey T. Royal, G, 
George A. Royal, G, 
John M. Stockwell, G, 
Edward P. Tobie, Jr, G, Com 2d Lt, E, 
George E. Huuton, Serg., G, pro 

1st Lieut, East Livermore 

Cyrus T. Reed, Corp., G, pro 

Serg., April 1, 1803, 
Andrew Jordan, G, Danville 

Dennis Carty, G, pro Corporal, 

Jan. 1, 1864, East Livermore 

Daniel B. Doyen, G, pro Serg., 

March 21, 1864, „ „ 

Edwin V. Fuller, G, 
S. B. M. Lovejoy, G, pro Lieut, 

Dec. 31, 1862, „ 

John Mitchell, G, ,, ,, 

Geo. E. Reed, G, k Aug. 25, 64, ,, ,, 

William H. Wyman, G, 

Eben J. Pulsifer, Corp., G, Poland 

Alden Hall, G, pro Corp., Nov. 20, 61, Auburn 
Henry Little, G, pro Serg., Oct. 28, 62, ,, 
Churchill S. Stevens, G, ,, 

Charles H. Additon, G, Greene 

Russell S. Bradbury, ,, 

V. P. Dillingham, G, 

Freeman J. Gurney, G, ,, 

Thomas H. Mower, G, pro Corp., ,, 

John Coffin, G, Webster 

Joseph H. Coffin, G, pro Corp., ,, 

Charles H. Delano, G, k May 10, 64, Turner 

Geo. M. Delano, G, pr Corp., Mar. 21, 64, ,, 
William Doble, G, Livermore 

John B. Drake, Corp., G, pro Serg., 

April 1, 1863, East Livermore 

J. S. Dow, G, „ „ 

Joseph F. Hutchins, G, Livermore 

Timothy B. Niles, G, „ 



Alonzo P. Russell, G, Livermore 

Volney H. Foss, G, pro 1st Sgt, Apr., 65, Leeds 

Lucius C. Robbins, G, ,, 

Leonard L. Rose, Corp., G, ,, 

Seth G. Rose, G, „ 
Levi W. Wheeler, G, 

George Q. Gammon, L, Livermore 

Milton F. Ricker, L, pro Corp., 1864, „ 
Elisha C. Fuller, L, 
William H. H. Coding, L, 

Laban Smith, L, d Nov. 6, 62, Turner 
Ephraim H. Taylor, Lieut, M, killed 

June 19, 1863, Lisbon 

Horace K. Blethen, Corp., M, ,, 

George H. Dunham, Corp., C, ,, 

John Ford, C, died in service, Lewiston 

Horace Wright, C, died in service. Auburn 

Eswell Bonnasa, D, Lewiston 

John Brown, D, " 

David Curran, 1), " 

Andrew Felix, D, " 

Joseph Rivers, D, " 

J. S. Dow, D, Leeds 

Winfield S. Bucknam, F, Minot 

Fernando F. Mason, G, Turner 

Frank C. Adams, G, Auburn 

David Nash, G, ,, 

Henry J. Penny, G, Lewiston 

Albion K . Snell , G , Poland 

Alonzo H. Snell, G, ,, 

Leroy H. Tobin, G, Lewiston 
Albert Small, H, 

Andrew McCoy, H, „ 

George Garner, I, ,, 
Arad E. Gilbert, I, 

Job S. Spear, M, Turner 

George W. Proctor, A, Lisbon 

John Getchell, F, Lewiston 

John S. Johnson, F, killed in action, ,, 

Henry A. Capen, G, Auburn 

George W. Lane, G, ,, 

Charles A. Washburn, G, ,, 

Richard McCarthy, K, ,, 

George P. Day, M, Durham 



First D. G. Cavalry Regiment. — Eight hundred men, comprising eight 
companies, were enlisted and organized at Augusta, from October, 1863, to 
March, 1864, to serve three years. This body was under the command of 
Colonel L. C. Baker, and was designed for special service only in the District 
of Columbia. The only commissioned officer originally from Androscoggin 
county was Zebulon B. Blethen of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company H. 
After important service in its original field for some months, half of the regi- 
ment was dismounted and ordered to Portsmouth, Va. The other part was 
assigned to General Butler's command, and was in General Kautz's cavalry 



168 



History of Androscoggin County. 



raid in June, 1864. August 23 the regiment had an engagement with the 
famous Hampton Legion, the next day it was in the thick of the fight at 
Ream's Station, and the next day all its Maine men were officially transferred 
to the First Maine Cavalry, but remained on picket duty on the extreme left 
of the Union line. September 15, 1864, the regiment was attacked by a heavy 
force of Confederates, and after a gallant resistance in which it lost heavily in 
killed, most of the survivors were captured. The small contingent remaining 
joined the First Maine Cavalry and became incorporated with it. 



ROSTER. 



H, 



Charles H. Pratt, 

William G. Besse, H, 

George C. Besse, H, kd in service, 

Edwin R. Blodgett, Sgt, G, d in reb pri, 

Albion H. Collins, H, d in reb pri, 

Peter J. Dresser, Corp., K, pro Serg., 

William W. Douglas, Corp., 

Benjamin C. Witham, K, 

Thomas B. Hodges, K, 

William X. Higgins, Serg 

William H. Howard, H, 

Thomas J. McMaster, H, 

Peter Jerris, R, 

Samuel O. Libby, pro Corp., A, 1st Cav., 

Frank J. Savage, H, promoted 1st Serg., 

M, 1st Cav., 
John Spear, 

Jeremiah Bowban, killed in action, I, 
Samuel Thorn, died in rebel prison, 
Salmon C. Brewster, K, 
Hollis Harlow, H, 

Delmer Harris, pro Serg., A, 1st Cav., 
George A. Kingsley, H, 
Charles G. Kingsley, H, died in rebel pris., 
Albert P. Winslow, 
Benj. A. Welsh, Serg., H, died of wds, 

Oct. 26, 1864, 
Stafford B. Jones, Corp., 
George F. Proctor, 
Kendall Pollard, C, 
Benjamin Sutherland, C, 
Jeff. L. Coburn, pro Lt, A, 1st Cav., 
Hiram S. Coburn, 
John H. L. Chick, Corp., H, 
George S. Dill, killed in action. 



Greene 
Lewiston 



Lisbon 



Lewiston 



Ijeeds 
Minot 



Auburn 
Lisbon 



Lewiston 



Daniel S. Fitzgerald, H, Lewiston 

Mansel W. Farr, ,, 

Charles E. Huston, C, ,, 

Andrew J. Lufkin, „ 

James W. Lovejoy, killed in action, ,, 

Henry C. Nado, I, ,, 

Jonathan Nash, Corp., H, ,, 

Edward E. Proctor, K (Lisbon), ,, 

George W. Penley, ,, 
John W. Peachey, trans to M, 1st Cav., ,, 

Thomas Phillop, K, killed in action, ,, 

George A. Royal, I, „ 

Benjamin H. Turner, Corp., „ 

Richard Webb, 1st Serg., K, ,, 

Ezra R. Wright, ,, 
Chas H. Wallace, Serg., I, kd in service, ,, 

Zebulon B. Blethen, 1st Lieut, H, ,, 

Nelson Chandler, I, Auburn 
Granger C. Crafts, H, died in rebel prison, ,, 

Henry A. Hersey, H, ,, 

David L. Stetson, H, ,, 

Andrew McCoy, H, „ 
Alex. B. Conant, Serg., H, 
Milton R. Davis, I, 



John French, B, 

Edwin D. Hall, 

J. D. A. Jacobs, Mus., H, 

Hiram B. King, 

Horace Perkins, K, 

Oren Small, Serg., I, 

James McGuire, pro 1st Lt, H, 1st Cav., 

Menander Dennett, 

John Warren, H, died in service, 

Lewis Warren, H, 



Turner 

Poland 

Turner 

Durham 

Minot 

Poland 

Minot 

Poland 

Leeds 

Lewiston 

Auburn 



Second Cavalry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta, from November 
30, 1863, to January 2, 1864. The field officers were Ephraim W. Woodman, 
of Wilton, colonel ; John F. Godfrey, of Bangor, lieutenant-colonel ; Charles 
A. Miller, of Rockland, major. Captain Elijah D. Johnson, Company C, of 
Lewiston, was the only commissioned officer from Androscoggin county. 
Detachments of this regiment left the state at various times, and were united 



Military Affairs. 



169 



at New Orleans June 1, 1864. Previous to this, Companies A, D, and a portion 
of G, had taken part in engagements at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville, 
Avoyelles Prairie, and Yellow Bayou, winning credit. August 11, the regi- 
ment formed camp at Barrancas, Fla, and was employed in fatigue duty and 
in raiding until February, 1865. February 23, Lieutenant-Colonel Spurling 
attacked a strong force of Confederates at Milton, Fla, with 300 men, and 
routed it. March 19, the regiment joined General Steele's command at Pen- 
sacola to aid in the campaign, which resulted in the capture of Mobile and the 
opening of Alabama to the advance of Federal troops. In this campaign the 
Second had several encounters with the Confederates, and destroyed a large 
amount of the enemy's property, beside opening communication with General 
Canby, besieging Spanish Fort, and capturing many prisoners. After the fall 
of Mobile one detachment of the Second was assigned to the Sixteenth Army 
Corps, and was all the cavalry with that body of 30,000 men in its march 
to Montgomery. In August the regiment was scattered in small detach- 
ments throughout western Florida to keep harmony and prevent insurrection. 
December 6, it was again at Barrancas and mustered out of the United States 
service. Twenty-five commissioned officers and 116 men were discharged in 
Florida on their making oath to remain there and become citizens, and 14 
officers and 500 men were sent to Maine, where they were discharged at 
Augusta, December 21, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey resigned May 4, 
1864, and the field officers at close of service were Ephraim W. Woodman, 
colonel; Andrew B. Spurling, lieutenant-colonel; Nathan Cutler, Charles A. 
Miller, and Eben Hutchinson, majors. 

ROSTER. 



James N. Atwood, Bugler, Liver more 

LendaU S. Caswell, B, Leeds 

Elijah D. Johnson, Capt., C, Lewiston 

Thomas J. Owen, Corp., I, Turner 

Dexter AV. True, I, pro Serg., ,, 

Daniel D. Dunn, K, liivermore 
Benj. M. Bradbury, Sgt, M, died Oct. 

25, 1864, Auburn 

Henry C. Daley, B, Lewiston 

E. Riley Bishop, Corp., I, Leeds 



Chas T. Knight, I, died Sept. 29, G4, Leeds 

David E. Trask, M, died July 12, 64, 
Roscoe G. Lindsay, I, died Sept. 8, 64, ,, 

Forest L. Chase, C, East Livermore 

Adam Young, C, Auburn 

Philip Cautlin, D, Lewiston 

James E. Caswell, H, ,, 

James M. Cobb, H, Durham 

Reuel Haskell, M, Auburn 

Fred B. Haskell, M, 



First Regiment Sharpshooters. — This body of six companies was organized 
at Augusta to serve one and three years. Companies A and B were sent south 
November 12, 1864, and assigned to the defenses of City Point, Va. Com- 
panies C, D, E, and F were oi-ganized later in 1864. December 7 and 30 they 
went to Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, and January 1, 1865, were ordered 
to City Point, where, joining their comrades, they remained until the discovery 
by the War Department that no Federal authority existed for such a regi- 



170 History of Androscoggin County. 



mental organization. Soon after the several companies were consolidated with 
the Twentieth Infantry Regiment. 



ROSTER. 



John Butler, 1st Lieut, C, Lewiston 
George F. Haskell, Corp., C, ,, 

William Roberts, Serg., E, ,, 

Eugene Hinkley, Corp., E, ,, 

Frank E. Frye, Serg., F, „ 



Daniel W. Hinkley, Serg., F, died of 

wounds, April 3, 1865, Lewiston 

James W. Libby, Lieut, E, Leeds 

Albert M. Rose, E, died Jan. 17, 1865, 



Company i), Second United States Sharpshooters. — This was a picked 
company, each man having to put ten consecutive shots within five inches of 
the center of a target, firing from a rest two hundred yards distant. James 
D. Fessenden, of Portland, was captain; Jacob McClure, of Rockland, first 
lieutenant; Silas C. Barker, of Augusta, second lieutenaiit. This company 
was mustered into service November 2, 1861, left the state November 13, for 
Washington, and became Company D of Berdan's Second Regiment of Sharp- 
shooters on their arrival, and was stationed in or near Washington until March 
19, 1862, when it was assigned to General King's division of General McDow- 
ell's Corps. This year this company did effective service in many important 
skirmishes and battles, among them the battles near Manassas, the advance to 
Sharpsburg, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. It was in camp at Stoneman's 
Station from December 15, 1862, to April 28, 1863. It took part in the fight 
at Chancellorsville, May 2, and was at Gettysburg July 2 and 3. Recrossing 
the Potomac it went into camp at Brandy Station, where the men re-enlisted 
and were furloughed. Returning March 1, 1864, the company took part in 
the regimental movements and actions until it was consolidated with the Sev- 
enteenth Infantry, February 18, 1865. Daniel P. Eaton, of Auburn, Michael 
Murphy and Patrick Earley, of Lewiston, were in this company. 

Miscellaneous. — A coast-guard battalion of seven companies was organized 
from March 18, 1864, to March 2, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years. 
Androscoggin was represented in I), E, and F. All of the companies were 
mustered out of service in 1865. 

Three companies. A, B, and K, of light infantry militia were mustered into 
United States service in 1864, to serve in forts along the coast of Maine. 
Company H was in service from April 27, 1864, to July 9, 1864, at Fort 
McClary, Kittery. Many of its men were from Lewiston. 

Thirty unassigned companies of infantry were organized at Augusta in 
1864 and 1865 to serve one, two, and three years. Nineteen were assigned to 
various regiments, four were organized as the First Battalion Infantry, two 
were never mustered into Federal service, and five continued in independent 
service until they were mustered out. The Sixth, Twenty-seventh, and 
Thirtieth contained men from this county. 



Military Affairs. 



171 



ROSTER COAST GUARD INFANTRY. 



Daniel L. Verrill, Corp., D, Auburn 

George W. Bailey, Corp., D, „ 

George L. Adams, D, ,, 

Stephen S. Merrill, D, „ 

Rufus E. Rounds, Corp., D, ,, 

Marshall Stevens, D, „ 

Charles M. Stevens, D, ,, 

William W. Stevens, D, „ 

Charles A. "Williams, D, „ 
Roswell C. Dunton, D, Lewiston 

Joseph H. Dunton, D, ,, 

Lewis M. Hatch, D, ,, 

Arthur Hathorn, D, „ 



Enoch L. Hinkley, D, Lewiston 

Charles II. Holbrook, D, ,, 

David C. Jackson, D, ,, 

Marcus F. Joy, D, ,, 

Llewellyn S. Libby, D, ,, 

William Quimby, D, ,, 
Silas B. Wood, D, 

James J. Chase, Lieut, E, Turner 
Stephen M. Chamberlain, Corp., F, Auburn 

John D. Bailey, F, ,, 

Cornelius Stackpole, F, „ 

Samuel L. Washburn, F, ,, 



ROSTER COMPANY H, LIGHT INFANTRY. 



Chester C. Thing, 1st Lieut, 
Dennis E. Lowell, Serg., 
Lnther Jones, Corp., 
William Maines, Corp., 
William Hayes, Corp., 
William W. Bailey, Mus., 
Luther C. Bateman, 
Charles H. Berry, 
Ansil F. Crooker, 
Robert D. Carvill. 
Albert G. Dunham, 
Wesley C. Donnell, 
Charles W. Dennett, 
Andrew Elliot, 
Jacob A. Field, 
Alonzo P. Graffam, 
Enoch L. Hinkley, 
Eben Merrill, 
Martin W. Penley, 
John N. Packard, 
Charles Sampson, 
John B. Sanders, 
Orestes S. Wood, 



Lewiston 



Thomas A. Eastman, Serg. 
Andrew F. Hodsdon, Serg., 
George D. Bearce, Corp., 
William Hayes, Corp., 
John Keene, Mus., 
Joel S. Boomer, 
Joseph Brisey, 
Chandler Barron, 
Joseph S. Carter, 
Thomas B. Chadbourne, 
Richard DeWitt, 
Ervin V. Daley, 
H. Nelson Emery, 
John F. Eaton, 
Moses D. Golder, 
Oscar F. Gammon, 
Charles H. Holland, 
Melville I. McKenney, 
Almortd L. Penley, 
Joseph E. Rankin, 
James M. Steadman, 
Greenleaf G. Wagg, 



Lewiston 



ROSTER OF UNASSIGNED COMPANIES INFANTRY. 



John H. Merrill, Corp., 6th, Lewiston 

Edgar H. Forrest, Corp., Gth, ,, 

Henry P. Abbott, 6th, ,, 

Barnum Jones, 6th, ,, 

Benjamin F. Pray, 6th, ,, 

George Seabury, 6th, ,, 

Nathaniel D. Chase, Serg., 9th, Durham 

William Newell, 9th, ,, 

W. Chaplin, 27th, Poland 

Ansel F. Crooker, 27th, 
James W. Downing, 27th, 
Albert F. Herrick, 27th, 
William H. Kilbouru, 27th, 
George B. Lane, 27th, 



James M. Mills, 27th, 
Mark E. Morton, 27th, 
George W. Walker, 27th, 
William E. Farrar, 27th, 
Frank E. Frye, Lieut, 30th, 
Andrew J. Elliott, Corp., .30tb, 
Alonzo P. Graffam, 30th, 
James W. Mitchell, 30th, 
Moses Chick, 30th, 
Gerard Chick, 30th, 
Elisha P. Churchill, 30th, 
James A. Douglass, 30th, 
George R. Howard, 30th, 
Charles Jackson, 30th, 



Poland 



Minot 
Lewiston 



172 



History of Androscoggin County. 



Charles J. King, 30th, Lewiston 

Ward Locke, 30th, 

Llewellyn C. Pomeroy, 30th, d in service, ,, 

Warren Pickering, 30th, ,, 

Nicholas F. Ward, 30th, 

Millard A. Bowie, 30th, Durham 

Seward ^lerrill, 30th, ,, 

Ira F. Beal, 30th, Auburn 

Samuel J. Bradbury, 30th, ,, 



Seth Briggs, 30th, Auburn 

Hiram B. Drake, 30th, „ 

Solomon Pettingill, 30th, ,, 

Stillman S. Perkins, 30th, „ 

Roscoe G. Townsend, 30th, ,, 

Albert H. Wilson, 30th, ,, 

Charles Knight, 30th, ,, 

Samuel P. Irving, Corp., 30th, Livermore 

Orpheus M. Leonard, 25th, Leeds 



ENLISTMENTS IN U. S. REGULAR ARMY. 



George Clark, 
Wilson Whittier, 
William F. Webb, 
Charles Smith, 
Frank Porri, 
David W. Pyle, 
Arthur W. Penley, 
Henry Herman, 



Auburn 



Turner 



Henry Cousins, 

Sanford M. Annis, 17th U. S. 
Albion D. Briggs, ,, 

Charles W. Hayford, ,, 
Sanford Annis, ,, 

Richard McCarthy, ,, 
Wm K. Chamberlain, 1st Lieut, 17th 
U. S. I., killed July 2, 1863, 



Lewiston 
Auburn 



ENLISTMENTS IN THE U. S. NAVY. 



Winfield S. Hill, 


Greene 


William Berry, 


Minot 


John Baptiste, 


Leeds 


Clark R. Caswell, 


,, 


Timothy Connelly, 


,, 


John Butler, 


Danville 


Charles Brown, 


Durham 


Bernard Burke, 


Turner 


Radford Booker, 


,j 


John Burns, 


>) 


Daniel Burns, 


Durham 


George B. Barstow, 


,, 


Dennis Conners, 


Lewiston 


Luther C. Chadbourne, 


Greene 


Jesse Coffin, 


Webster 


Charles Clark, 


Durham 


Cornelius Crowley, 


Lewiston 


James Cullen, 


Leeds 


Daniel Canlon, 


Greene 


William Clark, 


,, 


James A. Oronins, 


Leeds 


George Currier, 


Durham 


Patrick Driscoll, 


Minot 


James Dooly, 


Danville 


Daniel Downing, 


jj 


Rufus L. Dill, 


Auburn 


William Dunn, 


Lisbon 


Mark Denningliam, 


Durham 


Francis Evans, 


Greene 


James Ferguson, 


" 


James Fitzgerald, 


East Livermore 


Henry Fitz, 


Durham 


Herbert Field, 


Lewiston 


James Gordon, 


jj 



William Greene, 
Charles M. Hines, 
James Hampton, 
Sandy Harper, 
Louis Henry, 
Benjamin Hammond, 
Gustave Henderson, 
Charles E. Johnson, 
Charles F. Lindsey, 
Rosmus Lawson, 
Frank J. Lindsey, 
Everett Lindsey, 
Gideon P. Lowell, 
Alden Moulton, 
Arthur N. G. Moulton, 
Daniel Mahoney, 
John McNeil, 
Jacol) Moore, 
John A. Moore, 
James MuUin, 
Daniel McDaniels, 
Daniel McLellan, 
John Moore, 
John McBride, 
Charles Miller, 
William Needham, 
John Philpot, 
John Peterson, 
William F. Quinby, 
John Ready, 
Frans Raborg, 
William Ryan, 
Francis Robinson, 
Henry L. Springer, 



Danville 

Turner 

Minot 

Danville 

Durham 

Minot 
Leeds 

Minot 
Leeds 

Greene 



Lewiston 
Turner 

Auburn 

Minot 

Leeds 

Danville 



Durham 
Greene 

Auburn 

Turner 

Greene 

Minot 

Lisbon 

Durham 

Lewiston 



Military Affairs. 



173 



Levi C. Sumner, 
John Sullivan, 
John Sullivan, 
James Scott, 
John Steib, 
Henry Spaulding, 
Charles Smith, 
William Turner, 
Charles F. Tripp, 
Thomas Vance, 
Joseph Worth, 
John Wilson, 
Charles H. Ward, 
Doane S. Wing, 



Leeds 

Minot 

Poland 

Danville 

Lisbon 

Greene 

Lisbon 

Minot 

Danville 

Durham 

Livermore 

Danville 

Lisbon 

Leeds 



Benjamin P. Winston, 

John V. Winslow, 

George D. Field, 

Warren F. Field, 

Cyrus E. Field, 

George A. Stinchfield, 

Isaac W. Bowring, enlisted Portland, 



Greene 



Danville 



Auburn 



Willard Winslow, 
Charles H. Davis, 
Dennett Cotton, 
Charles N. Raynes, 
Francis Allen, 
Robert Harlow, 



Boston, 



Portland, kd. 



From Auburn enlisted apparently unaccounted for in preceding rosters: 
Wallace Bicknell, John Y. Turner, William T. Turner, Allen D. Whitman, 
Parker S. Merrill (Second D. C. Volunteers), Parker S. Stevens (Second D. C. 
Volunteers), Henry Jago. From Durham went Rufus Tuttle, George Tuttle, 
and John D. Haskell in Massachusetts organizations, Edwin Osgood in a New 
York, and Samuel Loring in an Ohio regiment, E. W. Stetson in a Wisconsin 
battery. George Wentworth, Byron G. Hill, and Henry H. Coburn of Greene, 
and Alphonzo B. Holland of Lewiston, served in Second D. C. Infantry. Dr. 
John F. Pratt, of Greene, was a surgeon in service, while Lewis Winslow and 
John Chase are apparently unaccounted for. Danville sent Charles Smith, 
Cyrus C. Walker, and Charles B. iieynolds. Samuel Jordan, of Poland, was 
paymaster in United States Nav3^ Charles W. Norcross, of Livermore, served 
in Fourth Massachusetts Infantry. John N. Fuller, a native of Livermore, 
served in the Eleventh Illinois. Joseph E. Jackson, of Lewiston, was hospital 
steward in a Federal Kentucky regiment. Ezra Mitchell, Jr, of Mechanic 
Falls, was assistant surgeon at Cony Hospital. ' 



THE GRAND ARMY IN ANDROSCOGGIN. 

K710X Post, No. 0, Gr. A. M., Lewiston. — The order of the Grand Army 
of the Republic was introduced into Maine by General William A. Schmidt, 
of Quincy, Illinois, in 1867. Some of the ex-veterans of Lewiston met General 
Schmidt at the convention of the soldiers and sailors held in Portland in June, 
1867. They were extremel}^ anxious to arrange for the organization of a post 
in Lewiston, but it was not effected until November 25, 1867. For this 
purpose a meeting was called at Graffam & Skinner's Hall, on Bates street, 
and the following were mustered in as charter members of a post of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, viz.: John S. P. Ham, Isaac S. Faunce, H. H. Rich- 
ardson, George A. l^arker, John F. I'utnam, Daniel J. Chandler, E. D. Johnson, 
Amos Whitney, Phil P. Getchell, Nelson Howard, Benjamin Litchfield, J. H. 
Bowie, John A. Skinner, Almon J. Gardiner, C. K. Hooker, C. W. Richardson, 
George L. Dustin, and G. C. Sabin. This was the ninth post in Maine, and 



174 History of Androscoggin County. 



was organized under the direction of Cai)tain H. A. Shorey, of Bath. First 
Officers. — John S. P. Ham, P. C. ; Isaac S. Faunce, S. V. P. C; H. H. Rich- 
ardson, J. V. P. C; John F. Putnam, P. Adjutant; Phil P. Getchell, P. Q. M.; 
Daniel J. Chandler, I. G.; George A. Parker, O. G. Amos Whitney, Almon 
J. Gardiner, Benjamin Litchfield, Charles K. Hooker, J. H. Bowie, were 
detailed for guard duty. The post did not receive a name until December 
1, 1868, and was then called Knox Post, in memory of Chaplain George Knox, 
who was chaplain of the First, Tenth, and Twenty-ninth Maine Regiments; 
and died in Virginia, October 31, 1861. One of the members served as 
commander of the Department of Maine Grand Army of the Republic, and 
several others were elected to offices in that body. The post surrendered its 
charter April 18, 1877, thus closing a work, which for nearly ten years had 
been fruitful in acts of philanthropy and charity. 

Custer Post, No. 7, (r. A. M., Le/wiston. — This post had its origin in a 
meeting of the petitioners for a charter held at the hall formerly occupied by 
Knox Post, May 16, 1877. (The record of the meeting is dated June 16, an 
obvious error, as the next meeting was held "on Saturday next. May 19.") 
On May 19 and 23, preliminary meetings were held, and May 26 the post was 
organized by the assistant-adjutant general of the Department of Maine, S. J. 
Gallagher, who mustered in these comrades: M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard, G. 

A. Chandler, J. Q. A. Jumper, A. L. Wills, M. A. Murphy, I. S. Faunce, M. 
Emery, N. R. Lougee, L. Q. Arnold, D. P. Field, L. T. Curtis, J. S. P. Ham, 
J. F. Davis, W. H. Graffam, Russell Daggett, Otis Currier, A. J. Woodbury, 

B. B. Wells, W. S. Voter, D. H. Elliott, G. A. Parker, Nelson Howard, W. T. 
Chase, A. S. Perham, J. L. Hayes, T. B. Mennealy, C. H. Goodwin, Charles H. 
Jumper, L. C. Aldrich, A. B. Holland. The first officers were: W. T. Chase, 
commander; J. L. Hayes, quartermaster; R. L. Howard, chaplain; C. H. 
Jumper, officer of the day; T. B. Mennealy, officer of the guard; A. S. Per- 
ham, adjutant. The post was named by M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard and A. 
S. Perham. The commanders have been: W. T. Chase, C. P. Nash, Isaac S. 
Faunce, R. L. Howard, J. Q. A. Jumper, W. G. Haskell, B. B. Wells, D. P. 
Field, S. H. Bagley, D. P. Field, J. O. Nickerson, George B. Haskell, William 
H. Graffam, George W. Cappers, J. L. Hayes, C. S. Crowell, F. A. Conant. 
Much of the good work done by Custer Post, its care for the sick and 
distressed, and other labors in which it has wrought well, unrecorded, and are 
only indicated on its books by the payment of some bill for supplies, and by 
the record of thanks received from some beneficiary, (xraves are decorated in 
Riverside, Barkerville, Mount Hope, Greene, Sabattus, and South Lewiston 
cemeteries. The post owns a large lot in Riverside Cemetery, whither have 
been brought the bodies of soldiers previously buried in various places in the 
cemetery, and May 5, 1890, it was incorporated as a charitable association. It 
holds annual fairs, which are well patronized and has a large post fund, while 



Military Affairs. 



175 



the relief fund, although constantly drawn upon, is kept in good condition. It 
receives valuable aid from Custer Relief Corps and Custer Sons of Veterans. 
April 1, 1891, there were 235 members in good standing. Regular meetings 
are held weekly, on Monday evenings, at (1. A. R. Hall, in Pilsbury lilock, 
corner of Lisbon and Pine streets. These comrades served in other than Maine 
reg'iments : — 



George D. Armstrong, 

E. W. Bartlett, 

Leander Bourque, 

Fred A. Berthold, 

John E. Carrigan, 

Seth Chandler, 

T. C. Chapman, 

B. F. Cotton, 

W. E. Cunningham, 

Russell S. Daggett, 

Hugh Daly, 

Randall W. Dresser, 

I. W. Emerson, 

Charles G. English, 

A. P. Foster, 

Thomas Fahey, 

Fred A. Hall, 

William G. Haskell, 

O. A. Horr, 114 U. S. Cav 

Albert R. Hovey, 

Charles Horbury, 

J. Q. Huzzy, 

John C. Jepson, 



C, 13 Mass Inf 

A, 19 Mass Inf 

A, 7 N. H. Inf 

1 Conn. Art 

A, Marine Corps 

L, 2 Mass Cav 

E, 31 Mass Inf 

C, 2 N. H. Inf 

A, 5 Md Inf 

Navy 



G, 101 Penn. Inf 

G, 1 U. S. Cav 

B, 1 Mass Cav 

A, (i N. H. Inf 

Navy 

7 Mass Bat . 

2 Mass Art 

Ass't Surgeon 

A, 13 Mass Inf 

Navy 

H, 1 Minn. M. R 

C, 6 Mass Inf 



James Kelley, 
Herman Klusner, 
John H. Lander, 
Benjamin Litchfield, 
Samuel Lowell, 
Charles Morgan, 
Hiram A. Robinson, 
James Scott, 
W. H. Scruton, 
O. L. Small, 
N. B. Stockbridge, 
Jonas W. Strout, 
Christopher Thompson, 
Fred Thornton, 
E. W. Vosmus, 
G. H. Lombard, 
Charles E. Hayes, 
George Willetts, 
Samuel Wilkinson, 
W. J. Cotton, 
Rodney Hadley, 
-Jacob L. Hayes, 
John S. Hill, 



Navy 

K, 25 Mass Inf 

F, 10 N. H. Inf 

D, 13 Mass Inf 

1, 20 Mass Inf 

1, N. Y. Cav 

B, 32 Mass Inf 

G, 53 Ind. Inf 

B, 86 111. Inf 

B, 8 Penn. Cav 

A, 142 N. Y. Inf 

10 Mass Bat 

I, 1 Oregon Inf 

Navy 

26 Mass Band 

1 Mass Cav 

Navy 

1,7U. S. Inf 

F, 4 N. H. Inf 
3, N. H. Inf 
7, N. H. Inf 

Navy 

G, 8 N. H. Inf 



Folsom Post, No. J^-Jf, G. A. R., Auburn, was organized at Armory Hall, 
Auburn, March 23, 1869. Charter members: A. A. Miller, George D. Field, 
Roland W. Randall, Frank E. Miller, Orren Emerson, Henry Young, Charles 
S. Emerson, Joseph Littlefield, James White. March 27, A. C. Pray, Henry 
Little, A. H. Fish, Lyman Wright, Aretas B. Penney, S. H. West, Dr B. F. 
Sturgis, Charles M. Goss, and S. B. Day were elected members, and officers 
installed as follows: C. S. Emerson, Commander; A. C. Pray, S. V. C; A. A. 
Miller, J. V. C; Henry Little, Adjutant; Joseph Littlefield, Q. M.; A. H. 
Fish, S. M.; Lyman Wright, Q. M. S.; B. F. Sturgis, Surgeon. The post was 
named in honor of Lieutenant James C. Folsom, killed at Cedar Mountain, 
Va. This post relinquished its charter after an existence of eight years, during 
which time it did a large amount of good work, one year paying out more for 
relief to soldiers and soldiers' families than any other post in the state. Its 
largest membership was about 180. 

Wilson Post, No. 17, G-. A. R., Turner, was organized in 1876, with these 
charter members: Jacob Keene (dec), Augustus H. Strickland (dec), Horace 
Coburn, Elisha B. Lovejoy, Samuel A. Thomas (dec), Elbridge G. Francis, 
Loren W, Morse, Charles B. Young (dec), John Y. Wood, Elonzo Fuller, 



176 History of Androscoggin County. 



Konello B. Keene. Its headquarters have been at North Turner. There have 
been one hundred and forty-two mustered into its ranks; at present there are 
sixty-six members in good standing. There is a fund of six hundred dollars 
for relief and post use. Wilson Post decorates about eighty graves each year. 
Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Turner, and Leeds are represented in this 
post. E. G. Francis, E. B. Lovejoy, A. H. Pratt, M. K. Mabry, and Shirley 
Merrill are past post commanders now living. H. T. Conant is the present 
post commander, and Rev. M. K. Mabry, adjutant. 

The following comrades did not enlist from Androscoggin county: Elonzo 
Fuller, Hartford, First Maine Battery ; John Y. Wood, Hartford, Company E, 
Sixteenth Maine; Sylvanus DeCosta, Hartford, Company C, Eighth Maine; 
Moses Verrill, Buckfield, Company C, Twentieth Maine; Seth Alden, Hartford, 
Company E, Sixteenth Maine; William G. Page, Hartford, Company E, 
Eighteenth Maine; Jason Carney, Wayne, Company K, Third Maine; M. K. 
Mabry, Hiram, Company K, Seventeenth Maine; A. H. Pratt enlisted in the 
Fiftieth Massachusetts; Patrick Octril, Seventeenth Massachusetts; Ira L. 
Mason, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. 

Burndde Post, No. ^7, Cr. A. B., Auburn, was instituted October 21, 1881, 
by Rev. W. G. Haskell, commander of the Department of Maine. There were 
seventy-seven charter members: J. E. Ashe, C. W. Allen, Francis M. Allen, 

B. F. Beals, D. Bickford, George D. Barnum, Rufus Bryant, B. K. Barrows, 
Charles F. Burr, Horatio Bumpus, R. F. Bickford, J. W. Chaplin, J. W. 
Chaplin, Jr, Charles W. Campbell, D. S. Curtis, George H. Dunham, Henry S. 
Drake, George P. Day, James C. Drew, J. N. Foster, A. S. Folsora, Frank F. 
Goss, C. M. Goss, Joseph Goss, R. L. Gilbert, Henry M. George, Benjamin J. 
Hill, J. C. Harlow, R. L. Harlow, S. F. Haskell, R. G. Jackson, F. R. Jordan, 
Florian Jordan,' C. B. Kimball, C. M. Keith, Henry Little, Alvah Leighton, C. 
M. Lander, Alonzo P. Lamb, Abram Libby, Elias A. Lothrop, A. L. Lamarche, 
George Lothrop, W. H. Lunt,^ Charles L. Metcalf, Clark Mitchell, Frank 
Martin, I. B. Martin, F. E. Miller, George W. Moore, O. C. Phillips, A. M. 
Peables, M. W. Penley, I. O. Partridge, S. G. Perry, Frank H. Read, Weston 
H. Rand, iUifus E. Rounds, Thomas L. Roberts,' Frank J. Shaw, J. B. Saun- 
ders, B. F. Sturgis, Edwin T. Stevens, Edward H. Sawyer, Robert M. Sykes, 
Thomas Tyrie, H. Thompson, John E. True, R. B. Taylor, George F. True, 
Murray I>. Watson, J. M. Wagg, Henry C. Weston, Benjamin Watson, Henry 

C. Cony,' S. F. Chaplin, Delance Young. The first officers were: Thomas 
Tyrie, Commander; Delance Young, S. V. C. ; J. E. Ashe, J. V. C; Edwin 
T. Stevens, Q. M. ; A. M. Peables, Surgeon; George Lothrop, Chaplain; 
George D. Barnum, O. D.; A. P. Lamb, O. G. ; Murray B. Watson, Adjutant; 
C. M. Lander, S. M.; F. F. Goss, Q. M. S. This post is one of the largest and 
most influential posts in Maine. Its total membership has been 486, and at 

1 Not eligible to membership. 



Military Affairs. 



177 



present writing (March, 1891,) it has 310 members in good standing. It has 
ever been an active body, and has discharged its duties in a faithful manner. 
It has had nearly every year a fine parade on Memorial Day, when the 
numerous cemeteries in the town have been visited and the graves of soldiers 
decorated. Its fairs have met the hearty support of the people and brought to 
the relief fund ample supplies, which have been expended wisely and gener- 
ously in the aid of sick and distressed soldiers and their families. Its record 
is a noble one. The moneys paid out for charitable purposes since its organi- 
zation amount to thousands of dollars. It has two valuable auxiliaries — the 
Relief Corps and Sons of Veterans, that have been of great service in its good 
works. The commanders have been Thomas Tyrie, Delance Young, J. E. 
Ashe, Charles S. Emerson, George Lothrop, J. N. Foster, Edwin T. Stevens, 
A. B. Crafts, Charles L. Metcalf, H. B. Sawyer. 

Some of the leading citizens of Auburn who were not soldiers are connected 
with the post as honorary members, and are called Honorary Reserves. Two 
of these, Ara Cushman and E. T. Gile, each have purchased a Post Memorial 
Record, costing $100 per volume, to secure for the post the complete war 
record of each member, and Comrade Henry Little, the post historian, is now 
making the transcript in these magnificent volumes. The flag which waves 
over Edward Little High School when in session, was presented by Burn- 
side Post, April 9, 1890. The post has, at 46 Main street, a fine hall with 
reading and social rooms attached, where weekly meetings are held Wednesday 
evenings. These members served in other than Maine organizations: — 



George Acherson, 


Serg., A, 12th R. I 


George H. Howard, 


B, 1st H. A 


William E. Alden, 


Unattached Mass 


Moses D. Hodgkins, 


G, 45th Mass 


Isaac S. Ayers, 


F, 104th 111 


J. A. Hackett, 


Serg., C, 1st 111. Art 


George D. Barnum, 


C, 12th Mass 


W. H. Hanscom, 


D, 74th N. Y 


R. F. Bickford, 


I, 12th N. H 


Thomas Hayes, 


U. S. S. Sabine 


David Bickford, 


A, 2d Mass 


H. N. Hood, 


A, 3d Mass 


R. S. Bradbury, 


A, 2d Mass 


John M. Kennison, 


Serg., D, 7th N. H 


George H. Billington, 


58th Mass 


Oliver P. Laverty, 


E, 25th Mass 


James W. Chaplin, 


H, 6th Mo. Cav 


Lawrenton Lane, 


A, 17th U. S. Inf 


Henry Clark, 


U. S. N 


William A. Miller, 


6th Ind. Mass 


William P. Dyer, 


8th Mass H. A 


Michael McGrath, 


F, 91st N. Y 


George M. Dyer, 


G, 19th Mass 


Enoch C. Nevrton, 


G, 18th Conn 


Henry P. Dorman, 


A, 13th Mass 


A. M. Peables, 


Surg., 30th U. S. Col 


G. W. Daicy, 


Serg., D, 53d Penn 


J. D. Pulsifer, 


paymaster U. S. A 


Charles Dinsmore, 


D, 3d Vt 


George H.Rock, 


K, 1st Va Cav 


Walter S. Eldridge, 


F, 92d N. Y 


Edwin T. Stephens, 


Serg., D, 1st Mass Bat 


Nelson Fogg, 


C, 2d Mass H. A 


Thomas Tyrie, 


Serg., H, 1st N.H. Cav 


H. M. George, 


A, 17th Vt 


Hannibal Thompson, 


Corp., L, 2d Mass H. A 


F. W. Garrett, 


Mus., 13th Mass 


Albert F. Whiting, 


K, 7th Mass 


Horace INI. Gurney, 


K, 14th Mass H. A 


Charles W. Wallace, 


E, 6th Vt 


John Gray, 


G, 7th U. S. Inf 


A. D. Whitman, 


G, 13th Mass 


I. C. Hanson, 


K, 3d U. S. Art 


William Willett, 


U.S. N 


Ruel W. Hanscom, 


I, 43d Mass 


Albert A. Young, 


Corp., D, 33d Mass 


Behj. F. B. Holmes, 


C, 1st Mass Cav 







178 History of Androscoggin County. 

Burnside Belief Corps was instituted January 30, 1883. It had thirty-three 
charter members and its first officers were: President, Dr Mary Bates Stevens; 
Vice-President, Mrs C. E. Moulton ; Secretary, Mrs Ella A. Beals ; Treasurer, 
Mrs Amy Estes ; Chaplain, Mrs Annie Foster; Conductor, Mrs George D. 
Barnum; Guard, Mrs M. E. Smith; Past President, Lydia A. Bickford. 
Since organization the corps has had over 275 members on its books. It has 
furnished for the state department of the society two presidents, two secre- 
taries, two treasurers, one inspector, and one director. The corps and the post 
work hand in hand for the good of the veterans and their families, and in a 
year do a large amount of labor and accomplish much good. 

A. A. DwinaJ Post, No. 3, Gr. A. B., Mechanic Falls. — This post, named in 
honor of one of Minot's youngest citizen soldiers, a lieutenant in Company E, 
Seventeenth Maine Regiment, whose picture and sword hang on the walls of 
the hall where the post meets weekly, was instituted July 18, 1872, by 
Inspector W. H. Pennell, of Portland. Although only nine men, Josiah Carr, 
Augustus Golderman, Asa L. Downs, Elliot King, R. D. Weston, L. L. 
Brown, H. T. Bucknam, David Farr, G. M. Holt, and Edward F. Ross were 
named in the charter, thirty-one men were present at the institution, viz.: 
Josiah Carr, Augustus Golderman, H. T. Bucknam, Z. M. Cushman, S. 
Hiram Hutchinson, Nathaniel Harding, Frank A. Millett, Eliab Bryant, James 
L. Dingley, A. L. Rounds, David Farr, A. S. Harmon, Mellen Greene, William 
C. Bridge, Frank Bridge, G. M. Holt, Elliot King, G. W. Currier, Asa L. 
Downs, William A. Tobie, Joseph R. Bearce, W. W. Pratt, Edward F. Ross, 
Hiram B. King, Percival D. Herrick, Richard D. Weston, L. L. Brown, 
Edward Fuller, Ronello Dwinal, Hiram Moore, Hiram P. Bailey. The first 
officers were: Commander, Josiah Carr; Senior Vice Commander, Hamlin T. 
Bucknam; Junior Vice Commander, Z. M. Cushman; Chaplain, Zenas 
Thompson; Quartermaster, G. M. Holt; Officer of the Day, S. H. Hutchinson; 
Officer of the Guard, Asa L. Downs ; Adjutant, Augustus Golderman ; 
Sergeant-Major, Mellen Greene; Quartermaster Sergeant, Elliot King. The 
commanders since that time have been : Horace A. Sawyer, 1873 ; Hamlin T. 
Bucknam, 1874 ; Edward Fuller, 1875 ; Edward F. Ross, 1876 ; Frank R. 
Harmon, 1877 and 1878; Hiram B. King, 1879; William H. Poole, 1880; 
William C. Bridge, 1881 ; Charles B. Adams, 1882; George W. Robbins, 1883; 
Hamlin T. Bucknam, 1884; F. Edwin Dwinal, 1885; Asa L. Downs, 1886; 
George W. Sholes, 1887; Frank A. Millett, 1888; Charles N. Burns, 1889; 
Orrin Downs, 1890 ; Joseph Gould, 1891. The present officers are : Commander, 
Joseph Gould; Senior Vice Commander, Dexter D. Skinner; Junior Vice 
Commander, Charles S. Greene; Adjutant, Charles N. Burns; Quartermaster, 
Hamlin T. Bucknam; Chaplain, George W. Sholes; Surgeon, Francis E. 
Mabry ; O. D., John F. Bancroft ; ( ). G., Amos Tilton. The post held its first 
meeting in Briggs's Hall, in the block now owned by D. B. Perry, and occupied 



Military Affairs. 179 



these quarters until about 1883, when it leased and moved into J. 1). Curtis's 
hall, where its meetings are held. With the aid of liberal contributions from 
the citizens of Minot and Poland the post has erected a beautiful soldier's 
monument in ^Mechanic Falls, "Dedicated May 30, A.D. 1887, to the memory 
of those comrades who died during the war, 1861-1865." 

These members of the post served in organizations outside the state: Frank 
A. Millett, 4 Mass. Heavy Art., Co. I; Z. M. C'ushman, 1st Mass., Co. I), lieut; 
Hiram B. King, Co. K, 1 D. C. Cav.; J. C. Owens, Co. G, 181 Ohio; H. A. 
Sawyer, Co. H, 1st Mass.; George F. Church, Co. G, 11 Mass.; Horatio H. 
Gammon, Co. G, 43 Mass.; Henry M. George, Co. A, 17 Vt Inf.; Albert H. 
Law, Co. C, 33 Ind.; Jeremiah Robinson, Co. C, 4 Mass. Cav.; L. F. Johnson, 
Co. G, 2 Mass.; Edson F. Howard, 19 unattached Mass. Vols.; Moses D. Hodg- 
kins, Co. G, 45 Mass.; B. R. Sumner, Navy; Orrin AV. Bartlett, Co. L, 1 D. C. 
Cav.; Harry W. Jordan, Co. E, 14 N. H. ; Albert J. Smith, Navy; E. H. 
Damon, Co. G, 2 D. C. Inf.; John Faunce, Co. I, 1 D. C. Cav.; Michael 
McGrath, Co. F, 91 N. Y.; Charles Greene, 1 N. H. Heavy Art. 

Berry Post, JVo. 10, Cr. A. R., Lisbon. — A post was instituted here February 
1, 1868, by Captains I. S. Faunce and J. S. P. Ham, with these officers: O. E. 
Small, P. C; Charles W. Gerrish, S. V. C; W. H. H. Atwood, J. V. C; 
Emery Gilbert, Adjutant; Judson Ames, Q. M.; L. Judkins, S.; George W. 
Jordan, Chaplain. This had a brief life, for May 8, 1871, Berry Post was 
instituted by George A. Parker, of Lewiston, with twenty-eight members. E. 
M. Shaw was commander; W. PI. Atwood, adjutant; E. B. Warren, quarter- 
master. The post was named in honor of General Hiram G. Berry, of Rock- 
land. These members served in organizations outside of Maine: W. H. Miles, 
2 Mass.; Frank E. Grinniger, 47 Mass.; Edward Marr, Engineer Corps; James 
Ives, 56 Mass.; N. J. Shaw, 72 N. Y.; S. Stone, 1 Ver.; Jesse Coffin, J. A. 
Rogers, U. S. N. ; H. P. Thompson, hospital steward. Meetings are held in 
Farwell Hall, semi-monthly. 

Knox Post, No. 1'20, G-. A. R., Lewiston, was organized May 5, 1890, at 
Clan Campbell Hall, Lewiston, by the officers of the Department of the Grand 
Army of jNIaine. The officers jtresent were : John I). Anderson, Department 
Commander; M. C. Wadsworth, Senior Vice Commander; John D. Williams, 
Junior Vice Commander; B. F. Beals, Assistant Quartermaster; E. C. Mil- 
liken, Assistant Adjutant-General; J. W. Oilman, Chief Mustering Officer. 
The following were elected officers : Danville B. Stevens, Commander ; R. R. 
Ricker, Senior Vice Commander; F. C. Tarr, Junior Vice Commander; 
William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quartermaster; E. C. Douglas, 
Chaplain; C. H. Allen, Officer of the Day; A. B. Holland, Officer of the 
Guard ; C. H. Weymouth, Sergeant-Major ; I. W. Hodgdon, Quartermaster 
Sergeant. The charter membei'S were: Danville B. Stevens, R. R. Ricker, F. 
C. Tarr, William Baird (12 Mass.), M. A. Murphy, E. C. Douglas, C. H. Allen, 



180 History of Androscoggin County. 



A. B. Holland, C. H. Weymouth, I. W. Hodgdon, C. H. Jumper, D. B. Cressey, 
L. D. Parker, John A. Hodgden, G. G. Wagg, Henry J. Penney, L. G. Dingley, 
Horace V. Whitcomb, P. R. Nevens, Levi Webber, J. M. Sherman, E. E. Hall, 
I. S. Faunce, R. D. Damren, George B. Haskell, George W. Hartwell, William 
N. Higgins, F. E. Bisbee, William Barnes, L. C. Robbins, Joseph A. Johnson, 
David Nash, Byron D. Babcock, A. S. Donnell. 

The post retired to Lyceum Hall, where the officers were publicly installed. 
After the installation the ladies of Knox Relief Corps held an informal recep- 
tion, during which they presented to the post a check for -flOO, the president, 
Miss Nellie G. Ham, making the presentation. The year has been a prosperous 
one. The membership is forty-six. The officers for the year are : R. R. 
Ricker, Commander; F. C. Tarr, Senior Vice Commander; A. B. Holland, 
Junior Vice Commander; William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quarter- 
master; George B. Haskell, Chaplain; Levi Webber, Officer of the Day; H. 
V. Whitcomb, Officer of the Guard; C. H. Allen, Sergeant Major; J. W. 
Hodgdon, Quartermaster's Sergeant. 

Kimhnll Fosf, No. 38, Gr. A. B., Livermore Falls, was organized May 9, 
1881, with these charter members: Commander, Augustus D. Brown; S. V. 
C, David F. Blunt; J, V. C, Josiah Mitchell; Surgeon, Almado R.Smith; 
Chaplain, George Tarr; O. D., John F. Lamb; O. G,, James Ridley; Q. M., 
Adelbert Alden; Adjutant, Edgar M. Eustis; S. M., Rufus M. Dinsraore; Q. 
M. S., Granville Richmond, James Elliott, Lyman Harmon. The present 
membership (April, 1891,) is sixty-two, of whom these served in organizations 
out of the state: Charles R. Loring, U. S. N. ; Loring P. Gould, K, 3 Mass.; 
John Girard, H, 2 R. L; A. B. Holmes, 20 Mass.; J. F. Jefferds, 1 Mass. H. A. 
Of the charter members, Josiah Mitchell died April 18, 1889, and Edgar M. 
Eustis in December of the same year. The officers for 1891 are: Commander, 
A. D. Brown; S. V. C, A. Alden; J. V. C, Charles Burgess; Surgeon, C. W. 
Brown ; Chaplain, J. L. Morse; Q. M., T. Stone; O. D., J. Ridley; O. G., C. 
N. Kincaid; Adjutant, George Tarr; S. M., C. R. Loring; Q. M. S., James 
Elliott. The past commanders are: A. D. Brown, C. R. Loring, John F. 
Lamb, Josiah Mitchell, J. F. Jefferds, C. W. Brown, George Tarr. The adju- 
tants have been: E. M. Eustis, C. R. Loring, A. B. Holmes, George Tarr. The 
post holds its meetings in G. A. R. Hall, on Depot street. It decorates graves 
in Livermore, East Tjivermore, Jay, and other places Kimball Relief Corps, 
No. 31, was organized in December, 1885, with thirty-four members. Mrs J. F. 
Lamb was president; Mrs May Allen, vice-president. 

Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. — This patriotic order, founded in 1881, 
admits to membership the sons, not less than eighteen years of age, of deceased 
or honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, or marines, who served in the Union 
army or navy during the Civil War of 1861-65, and the sons of members of 
the order, not less than twenty-one years of age. No one is eligible who has 



Military Affairs. 181 



ever been convicted of an infamous crime, or who has, or whose father has, 
ever borne arms against the government of the United States. Its objects are 
"to keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices to maintain the 
Union, and to promote their interests and welfare as opportunity may offer or 
necessity may demand; to aid and assist in caring for their helpless and 
disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to their widows and orphans ; 
to perpetuate the memory of their heroic dead, and the proper observance of 
Memorial Day ; to aid and assist worthy and needy members of our order ; to 
inculcate patriotism and love of country, not only amongst our membership, 
but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sustain the doctrine of 
equal rights, universal liberty, and justice to all." The announced principles 
are a firm belief and trust in Almighty God, and a recognition of His beneficent 
guidance in the preservation of the life and integrity of the nation. True 
allegiance to the government of the United States of America, a respect for 
and fidelity to its constitution, laws, and opposition to any sj^stem or power 
that in any manner tends to impair the efficiency and permanency of our 
National Union. 

In 1882 General I. S. Bangs, of Waterville, who had been commissioned to 
inaugurate the order in Maine, organized James A. Garfield Camp, No. 1, in 
Waterville. This was an experimental camp, composed of lads under fourteen 
years, and, after successfully exemplifying the workings of the ritual, it ceased 
to exist. The first camp in Maine organized under the constitution, rules, and 
regulations of the order was 

Almon C\ Pray Camp^ No. 2. — This was established by Provisional 
Colonel Frank P. Merrill, at Auburn, January 16, 1883, and fourteen charter 
members were mustered in. These were Frank P. Merrill, Fred H. Storah, 
Herbert A. Goss, John C Blake, Leonard A. Pray, Melville E. Goss, A. A. 
Mower, Arthur C. Wyman, George D. Emerson, Henry Harvey, Samuel H. 
Dill, Wallace P. Dill, Robert E. Casey, Henry G. Casey. 

The first officers were H. A. Goss, captain ; A. C. Wyman, M. E. Goss, 
lieutenants; John C. Blake, first sergeant; S. H. Dill, quartermaster sergeant. 
The camp has now sixty-six members. The meetings are weekly, on Tuesday 
evenings, and have been held in the G. A. R. Hall from organization except in 
1886-7-8, when they were held in Union and Glover's Band halls. The 
captains have been H. A. Goss, A. C. Wyman, S. H. Dill, G. D. Emerson, F. 
W. Davis, C. E. Merrill, C. L. Wright, D. M. Chamberlain, F. L. Beals, O. H. 
Bradbury. Those members entitled to vote in the Division Encampment are 
the past captains, F. L. Donnell, G. A. Field, F. P. Merrill (past commander- 
in-chief), John C. Blake (past colonel of division), W. A. Ripley (inspector of 
division). F. W. Davis has been division quartermaster, F. L. Beals member 
of division council, C. E. Merrill aid-de-camp on staff of commander-in-chief. 
F. L. Dearborn was delegate to the last National Encampment held in Auburn 



182 History of Androscoggin County. 

in June, 1891. The officers installed in January were O. H. Bradbury, 
captain; C. A. Campbell, first lieutenant; J. H. Folsoni, second lieutenant; 
George W. Wing, chaplain ; J. Sherman Douglass, first sergeant ; F. W. 
Haskell, quartermaster; H. C. Mitchell, color sergeant; E. H. Bickerton, 
sergeant of guard ; Warren M. Spearin, camp guard ; George E. Sleeper, 
picket-guard; Charles E. Merrill, D. M. Chamberlain, Frank L. Beals, camp 
council. The first permanent division of Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. — 
Division of Maine — was organized at Auburn, April 10, 1888, in connection 
with Almon C. Pi-ay Camp, and Frank P. Merrill elected colonel. 

Ouster Camp, S. of T", U. S. A., Lewlston, was instituted March 16, 1883, 
and had twenty-four charter members: G. W. Martin, Ranee H. Babb, Pearl 
Babb, George E. Faunce, I. S. Blake, Fred Edgecomb, I. L. Quinby, Harry H. 
Miller, Fred Merryfield, George B. Estes, Henry R. Ham, H. Arthur Goodwin, 
Burton S. Stubbs, Charles F. Nealey, Charles F. Stanley, Willard Hayford, E. H. 
Jackson, H. L. Wright, Charles F. Hayford, Edwin E. Rowe, Fred W. Goodwin, 
Charles M. Penney, C. S. Jackson, A. Holland. The first commissioned officers 
were: Lyman H. Wright, captain; George E. Faunce, first lieutenant; H. H. 
Miller, second lieutenant; Charles F. Hayford, chaplain; George W. Martin, 
surgeon. For the first years the camp had great prosperity. It has had ninety- 
one names on its roll of members, and has been especially active in charitable 
work. It has cordially and ably supported the Grand Army in its weighty 
duties, and has been numbered among the first-class camps in Maine. The 
captains have been Lyman H. Wright, Harry H. Miller, George A. Field, E. H. 
Jackson, George E. Faunce, Beaumont Stevens, Charles F. Hayford, Charles L. 
Witham, Willard Hayford, A. F. Nutting, Frank A. Lapham, Edward M. Small. 

Kimball Camp-, S. of F"., No. 11, Livermore Falh, was organized February 
23, 1888, with sixteen charter members : Charles L. Day, captain ; Charles 
Elliott, G. A. Thompson, D. W. Mitchell, E. E. Kincaid, E. Y. Kincaid, C. N. 
Kincaid, H. S. Kincaid, George Tarr, George A. Parker, J. L, Goodwin, J. H. 
Royal, C. W. Brown, Jr, Charles A. Gould, Warren Hyde, W. B. Gould, Leon 
Blunt, Herbert Newman. The first officers were C. L. Day, captain; C. N. 
Kincaid, J. G. Loring, lieutenants; S. C. Elliott, S. G. ; C. W. Brown, first 
sergeant ; George Tarr, chaplain ; H. Newman, sergeant-major ; I. L. Goodwin, 
color sergeant; C. A. Gould, corporal of guard; W. B. Gould, inside guard; J. 
H. lioyal, outside guard. There were thirty -four members April 1, 1891, and 
these officers: C. N. Kincaid, captain; J. C. Hatch, C. W. True, lieutenants; 

E. Ridley, S. G.; W. B. Gould, first sergeant; R. N. Holmes, quartermaster; 

F. H. Farrington, color sergeant; E. Y. Kincaid, inside guard; E. E. Kincaid, 
outside guard; C. L. Day, chaplain. Meetings are held in G. A. R. Hall. 

A. J. Pelter Camp, No. 60, Mechanic Falls, was organized March 12, 1891, 
with I). S. Smith, captain; A. A. Cobb and George Sawyer, lieutenants; O. 
C. Bridge, C. M. Cobb, H. C. Bucknam, camp counsel. 




IIATIIORX HALL, HATES CDLLEGL. 



Bates College. 183 



CHAPTER XI. 

BATES COLLEGE. 

By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D. 

Difficulties in Founding a College in New England. Ratson d'etre: Denominational 
Need — Co-education — Indigent Students — Local Support — General Public. The Begin- 
ning OF THE College: The Maine State Seminary — Organization of the College — An 
Honored Name — Other Details — The Terms of Admission —First Faculty — College and 
Seminary Separated — The Latin School — Cobb Divinity School — Faculty — Courses 
of Study. Growth of the College — Storm and Stress — Relief— Benefactors and Benefac- 
tions — The Equipment of the College — The Gymnasium — The Libraries — The Cabinet — 
Instructors and Instruction. Characteristic Features: Co-education — Open Socie- 
ties — Needy Students Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside Lectures — Morals and 
Religion — Interest of the Faculty in Students — The Alumni — Alumni Associations. 

BATES COLLEGE is one of the youngest of New England colleges, and 
next to the youngest of the four Maine colleges. It was started in 
1863, and chartered by the legislature of the state in January of 
the next year. Viewed in respect to the time and place of its beginning, 
it will be seen that its projectors undertook a work of no little difficulty. 

Difficulties of Founding a College in New England. — The terri- 
tory of the six Eastern states, compared with that of some single states in 
other parts of our country, is small. Within this small territory, in 1863 
fourteen colleges existed: two in Maine, two in Vermont, one in New Hamp- 
shire, five in Massachusetts, one in Rhode Island, three in Connecticut. Into 
this somewhat exclusive set a new college comes as an intruder, encroaching 
upon vested rights. Hence it is challenged to answer how it can expect 
to stand on an equality with institutions of age and repute, or perform any 
service for society not already taken in charge. 

However well endorsed, the young college enters more or less into compe- 
tition with the older colleges for patronage, and at a great disadvantage. 
Strong in the friendship of a numerous and illustrious alumni, led by a full, 
able, and liberally paid faculty, rich in libraries, cabinets, and other means of 
culture, with grounds and buildings, class-rooms, halls, and groves, hallowed 
by inspiring associations, endeared to church, and state, and the whole 
commonwealth of letters, these old colleges have resources of strength and 
abundance of attractions altogether wanting in nascent institutions, where 
everything is new, untried, and incomplete. 



184 History of Androscoggin County. 

On the other hand there are considerations serving in a measure to coun- 
teract these powerful competitive influences. All the attractions of college halls 
do not stand to the credit of age, else new comers would be entirely shut out. 
The customs, traditions, methods, and spirit dominating an institution in the 
name of the past, may lack adaptation to the intellectual and moral interests 
of students of the present day. Besides, the flush and freedom and energy 
of youth may make liberal compensations in the class-room for the must of 
antiquity wanting there. 

The disadvantage under which a new college begins may also, in a 
measure, be offset, if it is to be devoted to a special line of instruction, and 
if it is planted on a rich foundation. But let it propose to be of the same 
general character as that of other colleges; let it start in poverty, looking for 
support and equipment to funds to be gathered here and there by personal 
solicitation, and largely from persons of small means ; let it aim to secure on 
meager salaries a full and able faculty, attempt to win the confidence of 
tlie public in an institution half equipped, and attract students to an alma 
mater without children, and the difficulties it would have to surmount would 
be precisely those confronting the founders of Bates College as they began 
their work. By their uncommon faith and courage, however, they at the 
outset gave hostages to the friends of education that, in spite of the magnitude 
of their undertaking, it should be carried to success. 

They saw that certain educational wants in New England were not met by 
any existing college. They knew, as well, that in some special directions a 
need existed that only a new college could supply. Believing also in the 
leadings of Providence in the matter, they started the institution, and stood 
ready to give to every man a reason for calling it into existence. 

Raison d'etre. I. Denominational Need. — The primary object of the 
projectors of the college was to provide the Free Baptists of New England 
with an institution of their own for the higher education of their children. 
When the enterprise was started, this denomination, having in New England 
r)00 churches, 30,000 church members, and thrice that number of church 
attendants, had no college east of Hillsdale, Michigan. Several small acad- 
emies and two large seminaries of a higher grade constituted their educational 
equipment. From these schools classes of young men were annually sent to 
colleges controlled by other denominations. 

Among the Free Baptists no popular demand for the college existed, only 
a great need, and a great possibility. Its projectors expected to meet opposi- 
tion, but knew that if the college were once secured, the effect of denomina- 
tional ownership would be to awaken interest in it, to make the churches 
centers for advertising its advantages, and to set the ministers at work to find 
students and put them on the way to its halls; they knew, also, that many 
young people, who would otherwise never be reached by a call to enter on a 



Bates College. 185 



thorough course of study, would now come under a special jiressure to fit for 
college and begin the pursuit of learning. Within the denomination, therefore, 
it was plain that room and reason enough for the college could be found. But 
patronage from this source alone would be comparatively small. The college 
required a larger constituency ; and another large class remained needing if 
not asking for its aid. 

II. Co-education. — Prior to 1863 no college in New England opened its 
doors to her sons and daughters alike, or opened them to her daughters at all. 
Against the principle of co-education old customs, traditions, inherited preju- 
dices were stoutly arrayed. If a college would come forward, accepting the 
hazard of the experiment, and admit young women to its classes on the same 
terms as it did young men, it doubtless would in time find its intelligent and 
generous action appreciated, and have the honor of first ministering to this 
peculiar educational need. If Bates had no other sufficient reason for its 
existence, it certainly had one here, and one that came to be approved by the 
later spread of the principle of co-education. 

III. Ind'Kjetit jSfvdents. — Few of the old colleges managed their affairs 
in the interest of a class of students compelled by their own exertions to pay 
their way through the course. By the standards of the poor the scale of 
expenses was high in all New England colleges, and to many a youth disheart- 
ening. However willing to work, the sons and daughters of farmers and 
mechanics saw no reasonable prospect of earning enough money to cover the 
expense of four years' work in college, after meeting the expense of a prepara- 
tion for college. 

College history shows that expenses tend to increase with the age and 
wealth of the institution. Funds are, therefore, provided, to a limited extent, 
for directly assisting poor students. But however delicately given, this form 
of charity chafes the spirit of the beneficiary. American youth prize their 
independence and demand the right to meet their companions as equals. When 
Bates was projected there was need of a college where, without loss of self- 
respect or social standing, poor young men and women could get on, pay their 
bills, and reach graduation the peei's of any other student, if only peers in 
brains and scljolarshij). 

IV. Local /Support. — The location of Bates promised to secure it the 
attendance of a large number of students of botli sexes from the homes of 
Lewiston and Auburn. Bates was to stand in the midst of more than thirty 
thousand people. To the young people of its neighborhood a college is an 
object-lesson on the value of an education. The sound of the college bell, 
the sight of the grounds and buildings animate with student life, the results 
of college training shovi^n in public declamations, debates, and other rhetorical 
and literary exhibitions, together with the inspiring scenes of Class Day and 
Commencement Day, powerfully appeal to the youth living in the vicinity of a 



186 History of Androscoggin County. 



college urging them not to be left behind by their equals in age in the pursuit 
of the best things of life. Bates saw a great opportunity to diffuse intelli- 
gence and culture in society at its doors. 

V. The General Pnhlic. — In addition to serving the wants of the special 
classes named, the college saw a good chance to do no inconsiderable work 
for the cause of higher education, irrespective of any special class. By main- 
taining a decided moral and Christian character, and by securing a reputation 
for the quality of its instruction, the college might reasonably expect that 
parents would often prefer to intrust to it the training of their children. 

In view of all these considerations, it was evident that New England had 
left a large place vacant in her educational work for Bates College to fill. Its 
originators could reasonably count on adequate patronage, increasing from 
year to year, if they went forward and called the college into existence. 

The Beginning of the College. — The Maine State Seminary. — The 
college was developed from the Maine State Seminary and succeeded to its 
lands and buildings. Hence it is necessary to give some account of the latter 
institution. The seminary was chartered by the state in 1855, and was given 
$15,000 on condition that its friends would raise an equal sum. Before the 
seminary was begun, or its location fixed, many Maine towns, appreciating the 
advantages it would bring to the place securing it, made strenuous efforts to 
obtain it. China, South China, Hallowell, West Waterville, Unity, Vienna, 
Pittsfield, and Lewiston, competed in offers for it. The people of Lewiston 
agreed to raise $10,000 for the seminary and to provide it a site worth $5,000, 
and won the prize. Of the money from the state, $10,000 were to be set aside 
as a fund ; the remainder could be used for any purpose needed. The 
conditions of the state grant having been met by the payment of the pledges 
made by the citizens of Lewiston, the seminary started on a capital of $30,000. 
This sum was soon increased by many private donations. 

Two buildings were constructed on a well chosen site, Parker and Hathorn 
halls. The former is a brick dormitory, 147 x 44 feet, three stories high, 
divided into two distinct apartments, with dining halls in the basement. This 
building was named in honor of Hon. Thomas Parker, of Farmington, Me, the 
largest individual contributor towards its construction. Tlie latter hall is a 
beautiful brick building, 86 x 50 feet, containing the chapel, recitation, and 
society rooms, cabinet, and library. It was so called to commemorate the 
liberality of Mr and Mrs Seth Hathorn, of Woolwich, Me, who gave $5,000 
towards the erection of the building. Another dormitory like Parker Hall, 
and designed to balance it on the opposite side of Hathorn Hall, was included 
in the original plan, but was never built. 

In September, 1857, the seminary began the work of instruction. One 
hundred and thirty-seven students were in attendance, eighty-three gentlemen 
and fifty-four ladies. The corps of instructors consisted of Rev. O. B. Cheney, 



Bates College. 187 



A.M., principal; Miss Rachel Symonds, preceptress; George H. Ricker, A.M., 
John A. Lowell, A.M., Miss Jane W. Hoy-t, and Miss Mary R. Cushman. 
Three courses of study were taught: a classical course, fitting students for 
college ; a ladies' course that, omitting Greek, went beyond the classical course 
in Latin, and included modern languages, mental and moral philosophy, and 
other advanced studies; an English course, designed especially to meet the 
wants of students looking to a business life. 

The seminary took high rank among institutions of its kind. That it 
placed scholarly ideals before its students appears from the fact that, until it 
was transformed into a college, it graduated on an average, each year, a class 
of twelve fitted to enter college. During these six years, also, forty-one young 
ladies took the full course of study in their department. It was very natural, 
therefore, that the thoughtful teachers of the seminary should begin to question 
the wisdom of Free Baptists in maintaining the seminary as a source of supply 
for colleges of other denominations. 

The Originator or the College. — As the seminary largely owed its 
rise to its principal, so even more did the college. In the autumn of 1854, 
while Mr Cheney was pastor of the Free Baptist Church, in Augusta, Me, 
Parsonsfielcl Seminary, at that time the only Free Baptist school in the state, 
was destroyed by fire. At once Mr Cheney conceived the idea of substituting 
for it a higher seminary, in a more central location. Taking others into his 
counsels, and ably seconded at every step and sometimes led by Rev. Ebenezer 
Knowlton, Mr Cheney brought to pass most of the measures, and largely 
secured the means by which the Maine State Seminary was founded, and 
carried to its good degree of prosperity. Meanwhile, other ideas grew upon 
him, and a larger plan took shape in his mind. He saw the opportunity, felt 
the necessity, and pressed the subject of using the seminary as the foundation 
of a college. 

At the annual meeting of the trustees of the seminary, in 1862, sixteen of 
its young men presented a petition to the board for college instruction to be 
provided them in the institution. In anticipation of the inevitable change the 
right of the seminar}^ thus to enlarge its scope and to confer degrees had been 
obtained from the state, on conditions, however, as yet unmet. Mr Cheney 
now requested the trustees to add to the seminary a college department. The 
trustees were not ready to adopt so bold a measure. To the petitioners they 
replied that the}^ dared not assure them that their request would be granted, 
but advised them to consult with their teachers in respect to enlarging the 
course of study in the seminary. 

The trustees hesitated, with good reason. They questioned their ability to 
secure funds sufficient to give a college any standing or worth. For the year 
just closed the regular income of the seminary was less than '16,000. The 
chapel in Hathorn Hall was not finished. The seminary had but two build- 



188 History of Androscoggin County. 



ings. rts assets over liabilities, exclusive of land and buildings, were only 
.^12,000. Free Baptist educational interests centered in New Hampton, N. H., 
divided the sympathies of the churches, and prevented a concentration of 
denominational effort at I>ewiston. Already a tripartite agreement between 
the Theological School, New Hampton Institution, and Maine State Seminary 
aiming to become a college, had been proposed, and was under advisement. 

Notwithstanding these objections, at the next annual meeting, in July, 
1863, the trustees unanimously voted " That the seminary be hereafter known 
and called by the name of liates College," and that application be made to the 
next legislature for a college charter under that name. 

This vote meant that, during the year, friends of education in and out of 
the denomination had been approached upon this subject and that there 
appeared to be a reasonable prospect of success in the attempt to found a 
college. Prior to the annual meeting of the board two special meetings had 
been held, — one in February, at Augusta, to take action on certain generous 
proposals received from wealthy gentlemen of Boston who were interested in 
the business enterprises of Lewiston. Encouraged by this unexpected and 
liberal promise of help in an attempt to enlarge the institution, the trustees 
resolved to go forward in that direction. At a second special meeting of the 
board, in May, at Lewiston, it was voted to commence a college course in the 
fall and to put an agent in the field to solicit funds for the great undertaking. 

These offers of aid came to the trustees through the activity of Mr Cheney. 
He was the head and front of this enterprise, and was the secret, when not 
manifest, force back of almost every movement in its favor ; and it was chiefly 
due to his faith and determination, courage and persistency, that the desired 
result was reached. He believed in Lewiston as a favorable place for such an 
institution, and was convinced that if it were managed in the interests of poor 
students and of students of both sexes, patronage would flow to it. He knew, 
also, that his denomination would gladly second an attempt to plant a college 
of its own, if men of wealth were found ready to aid it by their benefactions. 

An Honored Name. — Providentially, at this time several such men had 
large sums of money invested in Lewiston, who, both for the sake of the city 
and for the cause of education, had taken a generous interest in the seminary. 
Foremost of these was Mr Benjamin E. Bates. Possessed of great wealth, he 
had cherished the thought of devoting a good part of it to the benefit of 
mankind through an institution of learning. Taking the seminary into his 
favor, he encouraged the i)roject of clianging its character. In 1863 he offered 
to give the trustees .125,000 if they would raise $75,000 towards making it a 
college. The next year he made them the munificent offer of 175,000 more, on 
condition that they would raise !|25,000. These conditions having been met 
to his satisfaction, Mr Bates paid the college '1100,000, and became its honored 
founder. 



Bates College. 189 



In view of his first proposition, the trustees voted that the college should 
bear his name, an honor as unexpected by Mr Bates as it was deserved. For in 
this, as in all his many subsequent favors to the college, Mr IJates was governed 
by philanthropic and Christian motives. He understood the value to our 
country of Christian colleges, and looked upon the opportunity of aiding a 
small denomination to found such a college as a happy way of executing one 
of his benevolent intentions. It may be questioned if he could have found for 
his money a wider field of usefulness. To his distinguished liberality in 
thought and deed the college owes its existence. Without his benefactions 
the labors of Mr Cheney would have been unavailing. 

Other Details. — In 1864 the trustees secured from the legislature of the 
state an act changing the name of Maine State Seminary to Bates College, 
and allowing all the property of the seminar}^ to become the property of the 
college, the same as if the college and seminary were one. In addition to this, 
the state made a grant of land to the college, valued at $20,000. This grant 
was accompanied by the provision that the state should control ten scholarships 
in the college, giving free tuition to as many need}^ students, the children of 
soldiers falling in the war having the preference. 

The course of study adopted was made very similar to that of other colleges 
in New England. Invitations to enter the freshman class were sent out. The 
terms of admission were not made low for the sake of attracting students. It 
was determined by the government that the college should be of the same 
grade as that of other New England colleges. 

It is interesting to notice what were the standard requirements for 
admission to New England colleges in 1863. 

The Terms of Admission. — Latin — Virgil's ^Eneid, nine books; Virgil's 
Bucolics and first two (Tcorgics; Hanson's Cicero, Sallust and Csesar; Arnold's 
Prose Composition, twenty -four exercises; Andrew's & Stoddard's Latin Gram- 
mar. Greek — Xenophon's Anabasis, five books; Homer's Iliad, first book; 
Greek Grammar. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Robinson's; Algebra, first six 
sections, Smyth. JSne/Iish — Ancient and Modern History; Ancient and 
Modern Geography ; English Grammar. 

Sixteen joined the first freshman class, of whom eight continued through 
the course. At the end of the first four years the classes stood: seniors, 8; 
juniors, 7 ; sophomores, 9 ; freshmen, 24 ; whole number, 48. 

The first catalogue of the college gave the faculty as follows: Rev. Oren 
B. Cheney, A.M., President; Levi W. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Greek 
Language and Literature ; Selden F. Neal, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Jonathan Y. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature; 
Horace R. Cheney, A.B., Tutor in Latin and Mathematics. 

In 1865 Professor Neal resigned to enter upon the practice of medicine, and 
Tutor Cheney also resigned that he might begin the study of law. The next 



190 History of Androscoggin County. 



year Professor L. W. Stanton accepted the principalship of an institution in 
IJyfield, Mass. The places thus vacated were filled by temporary instructors, 
and by the permanent professors of whom mention is made in another place. 

College and Seminary SErARATED. — When the college opened the 
seminary remained as a department of the. college, sharing with it Parker and 
Hathorn Halls, the grounds, library, and apparatus. As the college classes 
o-rew, the mistake of associating, in this way, students of all grades of advance- 
ment began to be recognized, and a complete separation of the college and 
seminary was declared to be necessary. Hence, in 1867, a site then near but 
now within the college campus was selected, and a commodious brick building, 
100x43 feet, three stories high, was constructed, at a cost of |>30,000, and 
named Nichols Hall in honor of Mr Lyman Nichols of Boston. Here, the 
next year, the seminary took up its abode, under the control of its own faculty 
and board of trustees. By a new seminary charter the college was required 
to pay the seminary not less than forty, nor more than fifty thousand dollars. 

The Latin School. — Three years prior to this separation, the college 
preparatory class in the seminary had been formed into a distinct body of 
students, called the Latin School, having for its special work, by a three years' 
course of study, to fit students for college. Without involving any immediate 
change in the character of the seminary, this action had the effect to bring 
into special prominence this department, and to make it attractive to the 
ambitious student. The influence of the college upon the seminary was 
generally recognized to be in favor of the Latin School as of the first import- 
ance. This department soon became the heart of the institution. Ere long 
the idea of discontinuing the seminary in the interests of the Latin School was 
broached. Hence it came about that, the next year after the seminary took 
possession of Nichols Hall, the Ladies' De[)artment was discontinued, and, 
together with -$5,000, was presented to the Maine Central Institute, a new 
Free Baptist school in Pittsfield, Maine. The Latin School was retained and 
this, with the remaining property of the seminary, was given over to the 
college. Then the charter of the seminary was surrendered. 

The endeavor to carry on a seminary in connection with the college, after 
the manner of not a few successful institutions in the West, proved unsatis- 
factory, and was at length abandoned. The various changes through which 
the institution passed before its final state was evolved were not made without 
some opposition. Ardent friends of the seminary, in the name of which the 
enterprise was started, were not all ardent for the college, and some of them 
viewed its absorption of the property of the seminary, and its willingness to 
have the seminary given up, as wanting in good faith. Time, however, 
vindicated the wisdom of the trustees, and changed this feeling into one of 
cordial acc^uiescence in all the measures adopted, and of approval of the results 
effected. 




COULi DIVINITV SCHOOL, DAIKS CoLLKOK. 



Bates College. 191 



The college was now in a fair way of enlargement and prosperity. Its 
friends multiplied rapidly and generously remembered it. It steadily increased 
in patronage, the catalogue of 18(i6-<>7 showing, in the first four classes, 
forty-eight students; that of 1869-70 showing seventy -seven. 

The Cobb Divinity School. — The Maine State Seminary was discon- 
tinued at the close of the summer term, in 1870. The next autumn, the 
college government opened, in the vacated Nichols Hall, a theological depart- 
ment. The first charter of the college allowed it to give instruction in law, 
medicine, and theology, but expressly prohibited it from opening a distinct 
school in either of those branches. Obtaining a new charter with this restrictive 
clause left out, the young college, notwithstanding all that was upon its hands, 
assumed the further responsibility of opening a theological department. 

To understand the causes of this act, reference to some denominational 
matters of that day must be made. In 1870, the Free Baptist Education 
Society was supporting a theological school of its own, in th« beautiful village 
of New Hampton, N. H. For several years an effort had been going on to 
give the school a more complete equipment, but it had met with a limited 
success. A better location, a suitable building, more men in the faculty, and 
additions to the library were imperatively demanded. The opening of the 
college, necessitating a thorough canvass of the churches for funds, seriously 
interfered with the endeavor to find means for improving the condition of the 
theological school. The trustees of the college had, from the first, sought the 
approval of the Education Society upon their great undertaking, and were now 
in communication with its officers to prevent collision of methods or measures. 

Negotiations for the removal of the school to Lewiston were at last begun, 
and were carried almost to completion. The society agreed to remove the 
school and pay the income of its funds, 'M2,000, towards its support, on con- 
dition that the college should provide a building for its exclusive use, and add 
two men to the faculty; the men to be nominated by the society and elected 
by the trustees of the college. It was further stipulated that two-thirds of the 
college corporation should consist of persons connected with the Free Baptist 
denomination. To these terms the college authorities, at the annual meeting 
in 1870, voted to accede, and then adjourned for one month to give the society 
time to select men for the additional professorships. 

Meanwhile the project was critically examined by leading men in the 
denomination. Complaints were made against it on the ground of its giving 
undue control of the school to the college. Hence, when the corporation 
reassembled in July, President Cheney represented to it that the measures 
agreed upon as a basis of co-operation with the Education Society were not 
satisfactory to many, and were likely to create a prejudice against the college 
among some of its proper friends and patrons. On his recommendation the 
trustees reconsidered their action, voted to start a theological school of their 



192 History of Androscoggin County. 



own, and to ask the Education Society to surrender its school and appropriate 
the income of its funds in aid of needy students studying for the ministry, but 
to give the use of its library to the new institution. The college agreed to 
open its school in the autumn, with three men in the faculty, and to add a 
fourth man within three years. Rev. John Fullonton, D.D.,'and Rev. John J. 
Butler, D.D., professors in the former school, were elected to chairs in the 
new. To these was added, temporarily. Professor Hayes of the college faculty, 
who was to teach in both departments. Readily accepting this surprisingly 
liberal offer, the Education Society took the step asked of it, and left the way 
clear for the college to initiate its new enterprise. 

The school opened in Nichols Hall, at the beginning of the fall term of the 
college, with fourteen students present. Professor Fullonton taught Hebrew 
and Ecclesiastical History; Professor Butler, Theology and Homiletics; Pro- 
fessor Hayes, English and Greek Exegesis. Rev. James A. Howe, A.M., was 
added to the faculty, in 1872, as Professor of Theology, and Thomas Hill 
Rich, A.M., as Professor in Hebrew. The next year. Professor Butler accepted 
a call to a professorship in the theological department of Hillsdale College. 
In 1890, Rev. Alfred W. Anthony, A.M., took the chair of New Testament 
Exegesis and Criticism. Since the school has been in operation, the annual 
average attendance has been twenty-one, and thirty-eight per cent, of the 
students have been college graduates. 

In 1887, the name was changed to Cobb Divinity School, in recognition of 
the catholic spirit and generous act of Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, in 
giving to the institution -^25,000. Probably this is the only instance in our 
country of a divinity school of one denomination named in honor of a member 
of another denomination. This donation, joined with others specially con- 
tributed for the divinity school, has secured to it a foundation of its own 
nearly sufficient for its entire support. The interests of the Free Baptist 
churches in New England were appreciably promoted by uniting their divinity 
school with their college; and the college, in turn, has been benefited even 
more, both because its right to appeal to the churches has thus been reinforced, 
and because through the divinity school the college became more widely 
advertised, and more distinctly a center of denominational attraction. 

Growth of the College. — The decade from 1870 to 1880 was one of 
steady growth in patronage. The catalogue of 1879-80 shows a total of 
students, in the academical department, of one hundred and forty-one, or 
nearly double the number ten years before. During this time, also, four men 
were added to the college faculty: In 1872, Mr George C. Chase, A.M., as 
Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature ; in 1873, Rev. I'riah Balkam, 
D.D., as Professor of Logic and Christian Evidences;' in 1875, Mr Oliver C. 

1 At the time of liis election Trofessor Balkam was a retired clergyman, who had at an earlier date 
been pastor of the large Congregational church in Lewiston. In view of his scholarly attainments, 



Bates College. 193 



Wendell, A.M., as Professor of Astronomy;^ in 1876, Mr John H. Rand, 
A.M., as Professor of Mathematics. The library and apparatus were steadily 
increased, receiving annual appropriations from the college treasury, -tSOO being 
the standard sum of expenditure for them. The cabinet collections were also, 
to some degree, enriched, both by occasional purchases, and by valuable gifts 
from friends. 

The external appearance of the college was not forgotten. A lot of land 
sej^arating the site of the divinity school from that of the college was pur- 
chased, at a cost of #13,838, and added to the campus. The gymnasium was 
built and partly equipped, at a cost of -#4,000 ; a building for the Latin School 
was constructed at a cost of l|7,000; and a house for the president bought for 
115,000. 

This increase of land and buildings, of facilities, students, and professors, 
were signs to the public of a healthful development of the college and of an 
intelligent adjustment of its affairs to secure its present and future interests. 
But during this period there was written an altogether different cliapter of 
history. In spite of these appearances of prosperity, for a period of fifteen 
years, beginning in 1870, the college was battling against a financial storm of 
increasing severity, threatening the destruction of the institution. 

Storm and Stress. — The first necessity of a college is income. Inexo- 
rable are the demands for it. Buildings, students, professors, are of no avail 
without it. The college must have money, and that in a liberal measure. 
Starting on an inadequate foundation. Bates, at once, had to begin a struggle 
for existence. With its expenditures brought down to the lowest figure, they 
would, year by year, stubbornly overrun the receipts. The gifts of friends, 
though generous, could only supplement other sources of income. The tuition, 
according to the settled policy of the college to assist poor students, was kept 
at $36 a year, the lowest tuition charged by an}' college in New England; and 
this, too, in many cases of need, was freely given to the student. The room- 
rent receipts from Parker Hall, the only dormitory, did not pay four per cent, 
on its cost. The main source of revenue, the endowment fund, in 1869, the 
year before the divinity school was opened, when swelled by room rent, tuition, 
and all gifts for current expenses, allowed the expenditures to exceed the 
receipts by the sum of #2,567. When the trustees dared to add to their 

Professor Stanton conceived the idea of connecting him with the college, and solicited money in 
Lewiston, principally from the members of Dr Balkam's former parish, towards endowing the chair 
of Logic and Christian Evidences, for his occupancy. This effort was so far successful that in the 
autumn of 1873, Dr Balkam began his work as an instructor, taking for that year the classes of 
Professor Hayes, who was studying abroad. On the fourth of March, in the next spring, while riding 
to the college to meet his class, Pi'ofessor Balkam was thrown from his horse and instantly killed. His 
death brought upon the college the loss of a teacher of superior ability and scholarship, who was 
adding greatly to its attractiveness and worth. 

'-Professor Wendell, on account of ill health, was compelled to retire at the end of the year. 



194 History of Androscoggin County. 



already heavy responsibilities the support of a theological school, they saw a 
reasonable prospect of an immediate increase of the resources of the college. 
Instead of any increase, however, the year of opening the divinity school was 
signalized by the failure of two of the generous patrons of the college, involv- 
ino- a loss to it of 125,000. The support of the theological faculty together 
with that of the increased college faculty, added to the outlay for improve- 
ments before noticed, soon carried the aggregate excess of expenditures over 
income to an alarming extent. In 1876 the floating debt amounted to -181,292. 
The next year it was '|!5,000 more, with the invested funds of the college 
reduced to nearly !|120,000. The outlook of the institution grew more and 
more menacing, except as relieved in a measure by promises of aid. 

By another characteristically generous act, Mr Bates early came to the 
assistance of the struggling institution. February 21, 1873, President Cheney 
received word from him that if within live years the college would raise 
'tlOO,000, he would give it an equal sum. At the same time the college was 
encouraged to expect that half the amount required of it would come from 
another generous source. Hence, with -150,000 to raise, the college went 
zealously to work. Its needs were too pressing to admit of delaj^ The Free 
Baptist Education Society subscribed 125,000. In a little more than a year, 
by strenuous solicitations, the subscription called for by the college was 
declared complete. 

Then it was found that, owing to the prevailing business depression, the 
anticipated gift of |!50,000 could not be secured. This great sum was thrown 
back upon the college for it to raise. A limited field, at best, was that open 
to appeals for Free Baptist enterprises, and this field had just been canvassed. 
The stagnation of trade increased the difficulty of soliciting money. The 
endeavors of the college to accomplish its object were tireless and heroic. The 
very life of the college seemed to depend on getting this promised fund. A 
donation of ^10,000, made by the president, at commencement, in 1876, 
finished the subscription. Again there was great rejoicing. In view of the 
general prostration of business, the payment of Mr Bates's subscription was 
delayed. Meanwhile, some of the pledges made to the college had suffered 
from the financial distress of the time. Before the matter was settled, on 
January 14, 1878, within live weeks of the limit of time allowed for meeting 
the terms of his offer, Mr Bates suddenly died. 

The college knew that to deal with the law was not to deal with a per- 
sonal friend. Therefore it carefully reviewed its subscription list, converted 
unsettled pledges into cash or legal notes, and, with the utmost confidence in 
tlie validity of its claim against Mr Bates's estate, awaited the day of settle- 
ment. By counting a bequest of 140,000 that fell to the college in 1874, with 
the other sums received, it could show that, in the given time, it had raised in 
notes, cash, and other securities, $143,785. The legality of the claim was 



Bates College. 195 



doubted by the executors of Mr Bates's will, and the courts sustained them in 
their doubt. Not until five years after the death of Mr Bates was the case 
finally decided, and then the college was non-suited. The decision of the 
supreme bench against the college rested on a point not considered by either 
party in the trial. The gift of the Education Society carried with it the 
condition that the money should be available for the use of the college so long 
as the teachers supported by it, in whole or in part, " should be approved by 
the executive committee of the society." No evidence was offered to show 
that in view of these terms Mr Bates would accept this money as a permanent 
gift to the college. Hence, by not allowing this sum to stand, nor legal notes 
to be counted as dollars, the courts ruled that the conditions of Mr Bates's 
pledge were not fulfilled. 

The effort to meet those conditions, however, had brought to the college 
treasury ^100,000, and had proved to be the salvation of the institution. 
Increased by this amount on the one hand, diminished by the amount of many 
annual deficits on the other, the funds of the college still remained obstinately 
insufficient. The poverty of the college rested heavily on the faculty. For 
twelve years they each sacrificed a fifth of their salaries towards keeping down 
the debt. At their request Professor Chase was induced to act as an agent for 
the college during vacations, if not for a longer period. His efforts were 
especially valuable. By his labors, in connection with those of the president, 
it came about that, in 1884, the treasurer's books, for the first time since 1868, 
showed, on current expense account, a slight balance on the right side. The 
expenditures were <|18,729.28, the income $18,800.80, leaving the balance 
171.52. But a balance so small as this is with difficulty kept from shifting 
sides. The next year the familiar story was repeated — a deficit of JftSlO. 

Wliile the current expense account was brought within control, the 
permanent fund did not always show a stability in harmony with its name. 
In 1881, for instance, two notes, valued at -112,000, belonging to that fund, 
became worthless ; on the other hand, during the same year, rf5,000 were added 
to the fund, leaving it, with all debts of the college paid, !i!l57,037, or less than 
half the sum needed by IJates for a generous life. The equipment of the 
college was not complete ; the management was rigidly economical ; expenses 
were kept at the lowest scale; wants accumulated; desirable improvements 
were deferred; the salaries of the professors remained severely meager. 
But, at last, a prospect of relief appeared. 

Relief. — The financial relief of the college, so long desired, came about 
through another conditional promise of money, and b}^ another liberal bequest. 
In 1886, Hon. J, L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, proposed to give $25,000 to the 
college if it would raise $75,000. This offer was followed by that of another 
gentleman to add to the sum thus obtained $30,000, the gift to be used for 
an astronomical observatory. While the college was engaged in finding the 



196 History of Androscoggin County. 



money for securing these pledges, a bequest of $40,000 fell to it, and, as 
bequests were not to be included in the $75,000 to be raised, the funds of the 
college were by so much the more increased. 

To lighten the work thus inqiosed upon the college, the Free Baptists of 
New England were invited to endow a chair in the divinity school, to be named 
the FuUonton professorship, in honor of Professor John FuUonton, D.D., who, 
for more than fifty years, has served his denomination as an instructor of its 
youth. This proposition was heartily seconded by all the old pupils of the 
revered professor. The churches were canvassed by two students who, in the 
course of a year, secured, generally in small suras, a good part of this endow- 
ment fund. The remainder will doubtless be made up in a short time. 

At the end of two years the college had met the conditions to Mr Cobb's 
generous offer, when his noble purpose was promptly executed, and the college 
found itself brought into a safe position. 

Benefactors and Benefactions. — Since the building of a college is 
the building of a public and permanent institution, the persons by whose 
liberal gifts its foundation is secured are entitled to such public and lasting 
honor as the pages of its history can give. It is a pleasant as well as a just 
act to put on record the names of some of the generous givers to Bates College. 
Institutions owing their existence to funds gathered as were those of Bates, 
become indebted to a multitude of donors of small sums worthy of grateful 
and enduring remembrance. Of such benefactors Bates has a long and 
illumined roll. The aggregate of their gifts formed no small part of the 
capital of the college at the beginning of its history. Its growth in years 
made imperative enlargement in every direction. Enlargement meant larger 
expenditures, and larger expenditures, the necessity of larger receipts. So 
inexorable have been the calls for money in equipping this young institution, 
so wide and strong the ever-flowing and deepening current of expense, that 
only the munificent gifts of wealthy friends could have availed to arrest the 
flood and keep it froiu overwhelming the college. Though the endowment of 
Bates is still small, not reaching to an approximate equality with that of most 
New England colleges having only one department, and conducted on a higher 
scale of charges, yet it has probably known more widely than they the warmth 
of philanthropic hands and hearts. And to these the college is specially 
indebted for its record, and for all its promise of usefulness. 

To group the chief benefactors of the college, in spite of the slight 
repetition it may involve, is to present in a true light one important chapter 
of the college history. First among these, first in time, and first in the amount 
of his benefactions, was the noble man whose name the college bears, who 
gave the institution, in addition to his valuable influence, 1100,000. The state 
of Maine, with a constitution requiring it to make, from time to time, appropria- 
tions in aid of institutions of learning, must be ranked among the benefactors 



Bates College. 197 



of Bates. It appropriated $15,000 at the beginning of the Maine State 
Seminary, and, at the starting of the college, two townships of land, valued 
at 120,000. The Free Baptist Education Society, relieved by the college of 
the support of its theological school, gave $25,000 towards securing Mr 
Bates's last subscription. The Alumni Association, a legally incorporated 
body, gave the college its note for $10,000, with the understanding that all 
gifts from the alumni should go towards the liquidation of the note. President 
Cheney, with characteristic liberality, gave $11,000 to the college to which he 
has given his life. The bequest of Mr Joshua Benson, of Boston, brought 
great encouragement to the college in a dark hour of its history. Intending 
to devise the principal part of his estate to some institution of learning, he 
was induced by a grand-nephew of his, then in college, the late Mr E. H. 
Besse, of the class of 1877, to consider the character and need of Bates. 
Another grand-nephew, Mr E. C. Benson, of Boston, heartily seconded this 
request. The will was made in favor of Bates, and brought it $40,000, though 
changes in the real estate somewhat reduced this amount. 

The next large legacy came to the college by the will of Mrs Sarah S. 
Belcher, of Farmington, Me. A widow, without children, long interested 
in the educational work of her denomination at Lewiston, and influenced by 
her friendship for Dr Cheney, she formed the wise and large-hearted purpose 
of leaving the bulk of her property to the college. The will was contested 
on the ground of undue influence, a fictitious and absurd charge, contradicted 
by her remarkable strength of mind and disallowed by the courts. The 
expense of the entire suit falling upon the college, the only result of the trial 
was to take from the legacy nearly $10,000 for the costs of law, leaving 
$40,000 to the treasury. 

The largest benefaction Bates has received from any person now living is 
$25,000 from Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston. To this noble liberality in 
behalf of the college Mr Cobb was moved as the result of his observation of 
its work and worth. How the trustees expressed their appreciation of this 
benevolence of spirit and act by naming the divinity school after him has 
already been noticed. 

In 1887, Mrs Caroline A. Wood, of Cambridge, Mass., left to the college a 
legacy of $35,000. In early life Mrs Wood was connected with the Free 
Baptist church in Vermont. By removal of residence her membership was 
lost to the denomination, but not her attachment. Having become acquainted 
with the character and needs of the college, she generously remembered it in 
the final disposition of her estate. The money thus devised is yet on its way 
to the treasury. This is also true of the money coming from another recent 
bequest, that of the late Mr Henry W. Easterbrooks, of Sutton, Vt, whose 
thoughtfulness in his last days brings to the college $12,000 in aid of the 
education of young men for the ministry. 



198 History of Androscoggin County. 

Early in the history of the institution, Mr William Toothaker and his 
wife, of Phillips, Me, gave it |6,600. At a later period Hon. Asa Redington, 
LL.D., of Lewiston, made a donation to the college of ■'i<5,000 in stock, 
accompanied by the wish that 11,000 of this sum be used to found a scholar- 
ship for a lady student — the first act of the kind known in the experience of 
a New England college. By depreciation of the stock shortly after its transfer 
to the college, the generous purposes of Judge Redington failed to give the 
aid intended. Mrs Charlotte Chesley, of New Market, N. H., left the college 
l)y will about -14,000. Hon. George G. Fogg, LL.D., of Concord, N. H., one 
of the trustees, showed his genuine friendship for it by a gift of $5,500. 

Mr Cliace Lewis, of Providence, R. L, endowed one of the first scholarships 
in the college, and also left to it a legacy of $4,000. The late Mr M. D. 
Spalding and his brother, of Boston, rendered valuable aid to the college in 
its time of need, by a gift of |i4,000. By repeated remembrances of the 
college, the late Mr S. D. Warren and his family, of Boston, assisted it to 
tlie amount of $10,000, assistance made doubly valuable by the ever cordial 
spirit with which it was rendered. I. H. Hedge, M.D., of Waukon, Iowa, 
contributed $5,000 towards the erection of the laboratory that bears his name. 
Two liberal and cultured ladies of Boston have placed the college under deep 
obligations to them for donations amounting to $7,300. Their names, not 
their generous acts, can be kept concealed. United States Senator Stanford, 
of California, has given this Maine college signal reason for cherishing a 
fraternal interest in the university of which he is the founder, as well as for 
holding his name in lasting honor by a gift to Bates of $8,000. In addition to 
these sums should be counted the outstanding pledge, soon to be honored, of 
$30,000 towards an observator}^ and its equipment. 

As has been said this is only a partial list of the noble benefactors who 
have chosen to make Bates the almoner of their liberality to church, society, 
and native land. The college thus bears witness to the claim of American 
wealth to be foremost in the world in recognizing institutions of learning, and 
especially those designed for students of limited means, as agencies of highest 
usefulness. Were all the records of Bates to be published they would testify 
as strongly to the appreciation of such institutions by > American people not 
counted as wealthy. 

The Equipment of the College. — The aggregate gifts to the college 
named in the above list is about $415,000, including in this sum the legacies 
and pledge not yet in the possession of the college. By means of these and 
smaller gifts, the college, in spite of the large excess of current expenses over 
current income, extending through a period of fifteen years and carrying the 
debt nearly to $90,000, has managed to stop the deficit, pay this debt, and 
retain a working capital, that, by the strictest economy, will enable it to live. 
It now has, for both departments, an endowment fund of $262,967.22, shortly 



Bates College. 199 



to be increased by the Wood and Easterbrooks legacies to over J|300,000. 
The grounds contain fifty acres, and with the six college buildings are valued 
at 1200,000. 

The G-i/mnasium. — The gymnasium is the least expensive of the buildings, 
though adequate for its purpose. It is a commodious wooden structure in the 
rear of Parker and Hathorn halls, and is the place where commencement 
dinner is served. It is furnished with apparatus of the most approved pattern. 
Exercise is taken under the care of four students, one of them a young lady, 
who are specially trained at Harvard under Professor Sargent for instructors 
in gymnastics. It is thought that, by taking competent undergraduates for 
tutors in the gymnasium, the interest and morale of this work will be kept at 
its best, while the instructors will receive compensation to help them through 
their college course. Instruction is given four times a week to each class by 
itself. Regular attendance is required of all students as at other college 
exercises. 

The Lihraries connected with the college amount to 15,373 volumes. These 
are distributed thus : College library, 10,373;' society libraries, 1,000 ; divinity 
school, 3,900. The books of the college library have been selected with care, 
and primarily with reference to the needs of the undergraduates. Hence, as 
an aid in their education it has a value that might not be found in a much 
larger collection of books. It contains little rubbish, is enriched by a few rare 
books of value, and is constantly growing. 

The cabinet of minerals, fossils, shells, and birds, classified and arranged for 
uses of instruction, has grown with the years of the college to a respectable 
size. It contains valuable specimens of fossils from the coal regions of 
Pennsylvania, the gift of Rev. Dr I. P. Warren, of Portland. A. C. Hamlin, 
M.D., of Bangor, Me, contributed to the collection sixty rare minerals, 
including several precious stones. Other friends have made additions from 
time to time, so that, by gradual accumulation, it now answers, though still 
meager, most of the demands of the class-room upon it for illustrations of the 
processes of nature. One feature of the cabinet deserving notice is the 
ornithological collection that contains a good number of New England birds, 
together with specimens of foreign birds. This collection was gathered at a 
cost of $500, and presented to the college by its distinguished ornithologist. 
Professor J. Y. Stanton. The study of botany is aided by an herbarium, secured 
at a cost of several hundred dollars from the late President Chadbourne, of 
Williams College. 

Apparatus is supplied to meet the needs of instruction in chemistry and 
physics to a good, but not to the fullest extent, as the aim of the college in 
this direction is sometimes hindered by lack of money. Several years ago the 
lamented Professor Stanley received seven hundred dollars from Mr A. D. 

iln 1891, 10,757. 



200 History of Androscoggin County. 

Lockwood, an old friend and former trustee of the college, for the purchase of 
a small telescope. By rare good fortune one of A. Clark & Sons' six and one- 
half inch classes was secured from Professor O. C. Wendell of Harvard 
Observatory. This telescope is equatorially mounted, and located where it 
can be made available for the classes in astronomy. The college now has 
a prospect of crowning David Mountain — a steep and solitary hill, one 
hundred and twenty-five feet above surrounding territory, three hundred and 
ninety feet above tide water, its base within a stone's throw of the college — 
with an observatory furnished with a large telescope and other instruments of 
astronomical science. 

In things essential to a full equipment of a college, Bates, of course, has 
not yet reached a limit. It is glad to be able to point to Hedge Laboratory, 
just completed, a brick building 36x58 feet, two stories higli, finished to the 
roof, as evidence of progress in supplying the facilities for instruction. 

The Instructors and Instruction. — The branches taught in the 
college may be grouped under the following heads: classics, mathematics, 
modern languages, English literature and rhetoric, political economy and the 
various branches of science, psychology, logic and Christian evidences. The 
gymnasium, not the university, is taken for a model. On the question of 
extensive modifications of the old curriculum under which earlier New England 
colleges, not to speak of those abroad, have won their reputation for discipline 
and scholarship. Bates, in part by necessity, but more by preference, is inclined 
to be conservative. A technical course of study pursued after graduation 
from college, when the mind has been broadened, disciplined, and furnished 
with the groundwork of knowledge, gives promise of yielding the best results. 
If the business of life is to shut the student up to one special line of studies, 
not too early let him turn aside from all other departments of learning. Of no 
branch of study in the curriculum of Bates would a liberally educated inan 
willingly be ignorant. Even in America life is not too short for one to lay, 
in youth, a proper foundation for his future work. 

In the classics, the instruction at Bates aims to secure accuracy and 
smoothness of translation, and to bring the student to feel the force and 
beauty of the ancient languages. Special weight is attached to a correct 
knowledge and application of the grammar as one of the surest means of 
sharpening the power of discrimination and disciplining the judgment. This 
department, together with that of ornithology, is in charge of Professor 
Stanton, who has been a member of the faculty since the opening of the 
college. Professor Stanton is a graduate of Bowdoin, and of Andover 
'Jlieological Seminary, and has also studied abroad. 

Mathenuitics are continued through two years, concluding with calculus, 
except as French is chosen in place of it. The only option in the course is 
between these two studies. Instruction in this department since 1876 has 







HEDGE LABORATORY, BATES COLLEGE. 



Bates College. 201 



been given by Professor Rand. Professor Rand was a member of the first 
class graduated by the college, and left a reputation for aptitude in this branch 
of study that secured his call to this chair. 

French is taught five hours a week through the sophomore year; German, 
the same number of hours through the junior year, and also one hour a day, 
once a week, for one term of the senior year. The limited time allowed to 
these languages compels the instruction to favor acquaintance either with the 
written or the spoken tongue. If four years in a foreign land are essential 
for acquiring the art of correct conversation in its language, it would seem to 
be wise in college to devote the time given to French and German primarily 
to the study of the grammar and the literature. Hence, in this department. 
Professor Angell, without overlooking conversation, follows this line of 
instruction, drilling his classes thoroughly in the grammar, and introducing 
them to some of the best works of the best authors. Professor Angell is a 
graduate of Brown, for several years was the principal of Lapham Institute, 
and has studied for his department in France and Germany. 

English litei'ature and rhetoric receive special attention at Bates. Instruc- 
tion in these branches is given during some part of each of the four years. By 
text-book and lectures on the part of the instructor, and by essays and 
criticisms on the part of the students, the theory and practice of rhetoric are 
combined. The origin, development, and character of English speech and 
literature are fully enough treated to exempt Bates from the charge frequently 
made that our higher institutions neglect the mother-tongue. In the absence 
of any direct instruction in history. Professor Chase aims to assign historical 
events and characters as the subjects of essays and criticisms, and to send his 
students to the library for historical investigation, and thus, in a measure, to 
supply the defect until the chair in history is filled. Professor Chase is the 
youngest of the professors, an alumnus of the college, of the class of 1868. 
He specially fitted for this department by a post-graduate course at Harvard. 
He is now traveling in Europe. 

Scientific studies and political economy were taught by the lamented Pro- 
fessor R. C. Stanley from the time of his coming into the college, in 1865, until 
his death, August 5, 1889. They are now in charge of Professor W. H. Harts- 
horn, who is ably sustaining the reputation given this department by his pred- 
ecessor. The course in chemistry has recently been enlarged in the direction of 
more laboratory work. Professor L. G. Jordan, of the class of 1870, was elected 
to this department in June, 1889. The other subjects taught under the head of 
science — astronomy, geology, botany, ornithology, physics, zoology, biology — 
are carried far enough to give the student an intelligent acquaintance with 
them, and to prepare him for further study. Five hours a week, for a term, 
are devoted to each of these branches except ornithology, and for two terms to 
physics. Bates takes special pride in its instruction in ornithology as one of 



202 History of Androscoggin County. 



its peculiar features. Possessing the best private collection of Maine birds in 
the state, Professor Stanton brings to this, his favorite side-study, the results 
of wide investigation. By lectures, illustrated with specimens from his own 
or the college collection, and also by accompanying his class into the haunts of 
living birds, he leads the students to take a deep interest in this somewhat 
neglected, yet fascinating branch of study. 

(christian in foundation and in character, the college regards moral philos- 
ophy, ps3^chology, and Christian evidences as studies of first importance for 
all liberally educated minds. These subjects are taught by text-books, lectures, 
and the investigation of assigned topics, and the preparation of papers upon 
them by the class. Questions related to these topics are given to the class to 
answer by the aid of their own reading and thought. The work in this 
department falls to the senior year, and is in the hands of Professor Hayes. 
Coming to the college after five years' service as a pastor, and after several 
years of teaching the higher branches of study, Professor Hayes had a double 
preparation for his department. He is a graduate of Bowdoin and of the Free 
Baptist Theological School, and has studied in Germany. The honorary 
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Hillsdale. 

In the faculty of both departments four colleges are represented. Two of 
the professors are graduates of Dartmouth, four of Bowdoin, two of Brown, 
and four of Bates. Five of the faculty have supplemented their college and 
professional courses by study abroad. From the first the faculty of Bates 
have been a working corps. In the youth and poverty of the college, the 
character of its instruction has been its main reliance for attractiveness and 
growth. Regarding themselves as stewards of the bounty and the sacrifices 
of many, and their work as a sacred trust received from the patrons of the 
college, the faculty have brought to pass far greater results than the most 
sanguine friends of the college at first anticipated. 

Characteristic Features. I. Co-Educatlon. — It was comparativel}^ 
easy for Bates to lead the way, in New England, in offering college privileges 
to young women on the same terms as to young men. For in the seminary, 
out of which the college sprung, both sexes studied together through all the 
course. Why prolonging the course for one year, or for four years, should 
involve a necessity of separating the sexes, the trustees failed to see. Before 
their eyes and under their superintendence the principle of co-education had 
been put to the test ; for them to abandon it in the college, in the absence of 
any fundamental difference in the situation presenting a solid reason for a 
change of policy, would be plainly inconsistent. Besides, here was an open 
field for the new college to. cultivate with the prospect of large returns. 
Bates, therefore, determined to introduce the innovation and fearlessly flung 
open its doors to all. This step was taken in advance of any popular demand, 
but not in advance of public need. 



Bates College. 20^ 



At the opening of the college course, several young ladies, who had pursued 
the preparatory studies in the seminary, matriculated, and kept along with the 
class through two or three years, but none continued until graduation. Miss 
Maria W. Mitchell, of the class of 1869, has the distinction of being the 
first lady graduate of any New England college. Her example was slowly 
influential. It was not until her senior year that she saw another of her sex 
in college. The number of ladies graduating thus far has been fifty-four, 
distributed thus: 18(39, 1; 1872, 1; 1877, 2; 1880, 2; 1881, 1; 1882, 2; 1883, 
2; 1884, 5; 1886, 1; 1887, 5; 1888, 5; 1889, 7; 1890, 7; 1891, 13. There are 
now forty-eight young ladies in college. The novelty of their presence and of 
their equal participation in all college exercises long since wore away, and 
has ceased to excite comment. The sight of them in college is as pleasant and 
natural as in church. Some superior love of learning and earnestness of 
purpose unite in such young ladies as are intent on having a college 
education. Thus a principle of selection operates to secure among them a 
high average of ability ; and this explains how it is that college honors have 
fallen to them out of all proportion to their numbers. It is the rule rather 
than the exception for them to reach oration rank. Three times they have 
won the valedictory and twice the salutatory. In one class, containing only 
two young ladies, they divided these honors between them. Study has not 
been detrimental to their health. The regular habits of college life, taken in 
connection with the prescribed course of gymnastics, tend to imjDrove rather than 
to impair their health. In all matters of college discipline they are an aid to 
good order, and have themselves never given any occasion for rebuke. As 
their numbers have increased, the inclination of the students to cultivate 
unduly the social instinct has attracted the attention of the faculty, and been 
guarded against. Co-education, as tried at Bates, has proved a success. 

II. Open Societies. — Among the earliest enactments of the college gov- 
ernment was a law declaring that " On no condition shall a secret society be 
organized or be allowed to exist." Petitions to the trustees from time to time 
for the abrogation of this law have been unavailing. The experience of 
American colleges has demonstrated that they must choose between secret or 
open societies. Both do not flourish. Bates prefers the latter as avoiding ex- 
pense, securing the best literary returns, shutting out the temptations incident 
to secret meetings of students at late hours of night, and as leaving open to all 
members of the college, and especially of each class, the acquaintance and 
good-fellowship usually pledged, if not confined, to the few members of a 
fraternity. One of the superior advantages of small colleges lies in their 
ability to give students opportunities for the forensic training cultivated by 
open societies. The Eurosophian and Polymnian societies maintain separate 
rooms in Hathorn Hall, each society having a library of about 800 volumes 
apiece. In their respective rooms they hold weekly meetings on Friday night. 



204 History of Androscoggin County. 



and once a year have a more public meeting in the chapel. As members from 
the freshman class are secured according to the comparative merits of the 
exercises, a healthful rivalry develoi:)S a healthful exertion to excel. It cannot 
but be that in meetings where papers are read, declamations rendered, ques- 
tions on various subjects discussed and criticisms passed, the literary taste and 
forensic skill of the members should steadily improve. 

TIL Needy Students Helped. — No better proof of the design of the college 
to keep its expenses within the reach of poor students could be given than 
that shown in its refusal to obtain relief from its financial distress by raising 
the tuition to an equality with that charged in other colleges. "Many a 
country lad," said one of the trustees in discussing a proposition to raise the 
tuition, "is influenced in his choice of a college by a difference of five dollars 
in the tuition." In addition to the help thus offered needy students, the 
college has twenty-five scholarships and the state tea, giving free tuition to 
deserving applicants. A still greater advantage in this dii-ection results from 
arranging the college calendar with a view to have vacations favor the students 
in earning money. Beginning the last week in August the fall term runs to 
the Friday before Thanksgiving. The college is tlien suspended for six weeks 
to allow for teaching winter schools, a privilege made use of to such an extent 
that two-thirds of the young men, during tliis vacation, may be found scattered 
over New England engaged in this work. Thus New England reaps some 
reward for whatever aid it has in any way given the college. Teaching, too, 
has other than pecuniary rewards for the student, bringing him more fully 
into sympathy with college methods and requirements, and quickening his 
grasp on the studies pursued. It also prepares him, on leaving college, to 
obtain at once a permanent situation as a teacher. Undoubtedly the expla- 
nation of the fact that so large a per cent, of the alumni make teaching 
their life-work may be found here. The money earned in the summer and 
winter vacations frequently enables economical students to meet all their 
college bills; and, if by this means their time has to be taken from reading 
and the pursuits of general culture, and be given to things not always 
intellectual, these students receive some valuable compensations in the self- 
reliance, energy, and perseverance, coming into character as the result of their 
exertions. 

IV. Forensles. — The system of public debates, established at Bates, is a 
peculiar feature of the institution, and one of very high merit. During the 
freshman year the class is divided into groups of six or eight, and each group 
is given a question for public discussion at the close of the fall term of the 
sophomore year. When the debate comes off each disputant is allowed to 
speak twenty minutes, and to read his argument or deliver it from memory. 
The discussion takes place in the presence of the students and their friends, 
before a committee selected by the speakers, usually chosen from the senior 



Bates College. 205 



class, with, perhaps, one member from outside the college. The committee 
first names the best debater in each division, regardless of his elocution, and 
then, out of all the class, selects the eight best disputants, whether successful 
in their own division or not, for a final "cliampion debate" that constitutes 
one of the exercises of commencement week. Care is taken to have all the 
topics discussed worthy of the student's study. Out of a list presented by the 
professor in charge of the exercise the students choose one to their taste. 
Some of the questions discussed have been: The Tariff; State vs. Denomina- 
tional Colleges; Bismarck or Grladstone ; English Civil /Service for the United 
States; Correctness of the Popular Estimate of Bacon; A Canal Across the 
Isthmus to he Built hy the United States. 

The rhetorical exercises of the freshman and sophomore classes include 
essays and public prize declamations. Each member of both classes after a 
private drill in speaking participates in the declamations. Each junior debates 
before the class, writes essays, and prepares an original declamation for a public 
prize contest. All the class read their parts before a committee of their own 
selection, who then choose the twelve best to compete, during commencement 
week, in respect to composition and elocution, for a first and second prize. 
The rhetorical work of the senior 3^ear consists of criticisms, literary and 
philosophical, essays, and orations. At the close of the spring term, a senior 
exhibition is given by twelve representative speakers selected in the same 
manner as the contestants in the junior prize. 

V. Prizes. — The system of prizes established at Bates has been found to 
be attended with good results. It is as follows : For general scholarship, a 
first and second prize are given to each of the first three classes ; the first prizes 
are respectively eight, nine, and ten dollars; the second, five, six, and seven 
dollars. As it often happens that the best scholars are not the best speakers, 
these prizes answer a wise end, in honoring merit on other grounds. For 
excellence in public declamation there is given to the best speaker of the 
freshman class, at the close of the fall term, and to the best speaker of the 
sophomore class, at the close of the spring term, a prize of ten dollars each. 
The successful competitors in the prize debates receive ten dollars each, 
and the victor in the champion debate, a prize of twenty dollars. The first 
prize given for the best original declamation by the juniors in commencement 
week is seventy-five dollars, and the second, twenty. For improvement in 
English composition, as shown by the essays and original declamations, prizes 
of ten dollars each are given to the most deserving member of the sopho- 
more and of the junior classes respectively. 

VI. Outside Lectures. — It has come to be a custom of the college to secure 
from eminent scholars, teachers, and divines, a yearly course of lectures before 
the students. Some of New England's ablest thinkers and leaders of thought 
have been heard in this way. These lectures are made free to the public, and 



206 History of Androscoggin County. 



are highly appreciated by the scholarly element of Lewiston and Auburn, as 
well as by the class for whom they are more immediately intended. Among 
those who have been heard are John Fiske, Edwin D. Mead, Phillips Brooks, 
Edward Everett Hale, Alexander McKenzie, Ruen Thomas, Professor C. W. 
Emerson, ex-President Hill of Harvard. In one course, Rev. Selah Merrill, 
D.D., gave six lectures on Palestine. It has been generally by the courtesy 
and generous consideration of these eminent men that the students have had 
the privilege of listening to their counsels. 

VII. Morals and Eeligion. — The college requires attendance at church, once 
each Sabbath, wherever the student may elect to go ; also at daily morning 
prayers after the first recitation, and at the public services on the day of 
prayer for colleges. 

The students sustain a Y. M. C. A. and a Y. W. C. A. — the two forming a 
Christian union for a general social meeting on Wednesday evening. Class 
prayer-meetings, with more or less regularity, are also held. By reason of 
these and other direct Christian agencies, a pure moral and religious atmos- 
phere has, from the first, pervaded the institution. In their guardianship 
of the moral character of the college, the faculty have not hesitated to be 
"paternal "to the extent of promptly dismissing any student disposed to 
spread moral contamination among his associates. Temperance, interpreted 
to mean total abstinence, is universally prevalent, and, what is possibly more 
significant, the use of tobacco, while not prohibited by the college, is, by the 
students' own act, reduced to a minimum, or altogether discarded. At the 
present time it is believed that not one of the students is addicted to its use. 
The benefit of a scholarship carries with it a pledge of abstinence from tobacco. 

VIII. Interest of the Faculty m the Students. — The personal interest of the 
faculty in the students, made possible by the size of the classes, can be men- 
tioned as one of the striking features of the college. Any student is invited to 
consult freely with the faculty on whatever concerns his welfare as a member of 
the college. By the free response to this invitation, the faculty are brought to 
know the moral as well as the intellectual bent of the members of each class. 
The result is that the student, perceiving that he is an object of interest to his 
teachers, feels at liberty to seek their advice in respect to his studies, or to ask 
their aid in his endeavors to get a situation to teach or work. The opportunity 
is thus presented to the faculty to mingle any word of caution, reproof, or 
commendation with their favors. The good offices of the faculty invoked and 
freely extended through the course, are especially sought as graduation draws 
near, by those intending to teach. It is very natural, too, that members of an 
alumni thus trained in college should not be restrained from looking to the 
faculty, at any later time, for counsel or other consideration. 

The Alumni. — The whole number of graduates from the college is five 
hundred and five. The whole number of graduates from the divinity school 



Bates College. 207 



is ninety-four. The whole number of graduates from the institution is five 
hundred and ninetj^-nine. The first class, of 1867, consisted of eight; the 
last, of thirty-three, in 1891. Assuming the average age of the students at 
graduation to be twenty -three years, the members of the first class would now 
be in their forty-fifth year. The first nine classes graduated one hundred and 
two, — that is, about one-fourth of the entire alumni. The remaining three- 
fourths, therefore, have not yet passed their thirty-eighth year. Eighteen 
more than one-half of the alumni had graduated in 1881 ; hence, one-half of 
the whole number have not yet passed their thirty-third year. These figures 
clearly set forth the youth of the college and show that but few of its alumni 
have arrived at the period when distinction usually comes to men. The 
alumni are not too young to have successfully entered upon the pursuits of 
life, but are yet too young to have carried off its highest honors. 

Interpreted by the callings selected, the alumni may claim to have been 
rather drawn to positions of usefulness than to those promising renown. 
Forty per cent, of them have become teachers, and not a few of them teachers 
of a superior order. Accustomed to teach while in college, on leaving it many 
of them can at once turn their experience to their advantage in this line of 
work. Thus it has come about that more city high schools in New England 
are now taught by graduates of Bates than by those of any other college. 
Three of the alumni are teachers in Boston, three in Washington, one at 
Harvard, nine in other colleges, and others are found scattered through the 
schools of twenty-one states of the Union. 

Exclusive of the alumnoe, although the second young woman to graduate 
from the college is a preacher, about nineteen per cent, of the alumni have 
chosen the ministry, or seventy in all. Of these forty-one have entered the 
Free Baptist ministr}^ seventeen the Congregational, and twelve that of other 
bodies. In the lirst decade, twenty-three per cent., in the second only thirteen 
per cent, of the alumni chose this profession, a serious decline, although one 
shared in common with the other New England colleges of our day. Of the 
remainder of the alumni fourteen per cent, have chosen the law, twelve 
per cent, medicine, the rest, architecture, civil engineering, journalism, and 
other vocations. 

Alumni Assoc(atio)ts. — The loyalty of any alumni to their alma inafer may 
be assumed to exist. The alumni of Bates give to it an ardent loyalty. From 
association with graduates of other colleges in ways to bring into relief the 
comparative results of each other's mental training, many of the alumni have 
taken occasion to report their satisfaction with the instruction, course of study, 
discipline, spirit, and standards maintained at Bates. Wherever found in 
sufficient numbers, they have organized alumni associations for an annual 
reunion and supper, and for fostering the interests of the college. The most 
important of these associations is the chartered body consisting of all the grad- 



208 History of Androscoggin County. 



uates, and holding its annual meeting during commencement. One evening of 
the week is given up to this association for such literary exercises as it may, out 
of its own members, provide. Two-fifths of the Board of Overseers are now 
nominated by the alumni, or two out of the five that are annually elected. 
The acquaintance of these alumni with the internal affairs of the college can 
hardly be equaled by that of other members of the corporation ; and hence the 
influence of the alumni on the management of the college seems destined to 
be increasingly controlling and valuable, as their years, with those of the 
college, ripen into maturity. 

Present Condition. — The college corporation is now sustaining three 
distinct departments: The Latin School, with seven instructors and eighty- 
nine students; Cobb Divinity School, with a faculty of six, and twenty students ; 
Bates College proper, with ten professors and instructors, and one hundred 
and forty-six students." For the support of these schools the corporation has, 
besides annual donations from special friends, and the income from room rents 
and tuition, the interest of above -^300, 000 of productive funds. Thus, well 
organized, respectably equipped and endowed, with the confidence of the 
public, and a commanding reputation for scholarship secured, with an increas- 
ing circle of friends, and with a faculty whose character is best portrayed by 
this record of results achieved. Bates College can be said to have started well 
on a career of service for education, religion, and humanity. 



CHAPTER XH. 



MASONIC AND ODD FELLOW SOCIETIES. 



FREEMASONRY in Androscoggin. — The first Masonic lodge in America, 
St John's Lodge, was holden at Boston, July 30, 1733, by commission 
from Lord Viscount Montague, Grand Master of England. The next 
was St Andrew's Lodge, instituted there, November 30, 1752, by a dispensation 
from Lord Aberdowr, Grand Master of Scotland. His successor, the P^arl of 
Dalhousie, March 3, 1772, commissioned "Doctor Joseph Warren, Grand 
Master of all the Masonic lodges in America." After General Warren fell on 
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, Joseph Webb, Esq., succeeded him as Grand 

1 Figures of 1890. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 209 



Master. The first lodge in Maine was Portland Lodge, chartered in 1762, 
established in March, 1769. The oldest chapter was Portland Chapter, 
instituted in 1805. The Grand Lodge of Maine was established at Portland, 
during the first session of the Maine Legislature, in 1820. The strong men of 
Androscoggin Valley were heartily in unison with the fraternal spirit and 
principles of Freemasonry, and in the first decade of this century movements 
were made culminating in the creation of Oriental Star Lodge in Livermore 
in 1811, and of Tranquil Lodge now of Auburn. From these have sprung 
numerous children, and both exist to-day, exercising a potent influence in 
Masonic counsels. 

Oriental Star Lodije, No. 21, F. <f A. 31., North Livermore.^ — Among the 
early settlers of Livermore and vicinity were quite a number of persons who 
belonged to the ancient order of Free and Accepted Masons. Drawn together 
by a fraternal feeling, stronger perhaps because they were strangers in a strange 
land, they occasionally met together, when naturally the subject of Masonry 
would be the topic of conversation. Afterwards there were appointed meetings 
for consultation or instruction. Finally a general invitation was extended to 
all brethren residing in the adjoining towns to meet at Stone's Hall, Livermore, 
March 5, 1811, to take measures towards the formation of a lodge of Masons 
in that vicinit}''. After mature consultation it was voted to petition the Most 
Worshipful Grand Lodge of Massachusetts for a charter. At a meeting held 
in July following they received notice that their petition had been granted, 
and a charter was ready for them in Boston, upon the payment of the usual 
fee of seventy dollars, granting them full powers as a lodge of Free and 
Accepted Masons by the name of Oriental Star Lodge. This charter was 
received at a meeting held April 21, 1812. It bore the date of June 13, 1811, 
and was signed by Timothy Bigelow, Grand Master. At the same meeting 
these officers were elected : W. Samuel Small, W. M. ; William H. Brettun, S. 
W. ; Simeon Waters, J. W.; Jesse Stone, treasurer; Sylvester Strickland, secre- 
tary. This lodge never worked under a dispensation. During the first few years 
of its existence it had no suitable place for its meetings, and usually met in a 
private room of a dwelling of one of the brethren, and sometimes in an 
unfinished chamber over a store. It was determined to erect a building for 
the accommodation of the lodge, and in 1818 a hall was erected at Stone's 
Corner, Livermore, at a cost of about one thousand dollars. The lodge was 
incorporated by the legislature, February 10, 1823, with the right to take and 
hold for charitable and benevolent purposes real estate to the value of three 
thousand dollars, and personal estate to the value of five thousand dollars. 
The original members were Samuel Small, Sylvester Strickland, James 
Johnston, Oliver Pollard, James Waite, Simeon Waters, Ithamar Phinney, 
Isaac Root, Isaac Livermore, Libeus Leach, Aaron S. Barton, William H. 

1 By S. G. Shurtleff. 



210 History of Androscoggin County. 



Brettun, Cornelius Holland, Jesse Stone, and Dexter Walker. These either 
signed the petition or were active in the preliminary measures taken to start 
the lodoe. Many of them were prominent and influential members of the 
community. 

The lodge got well under way and its prospects were looking bright wlieu 
the Morgan excitement broke out. Oriental Star felt its disheartening influ- 
ence with the rest. The excitement even got into the church. Stillman 
Noyes, James Starr, Sebes Hyde, and Arnold Whittemore, members of (Oriental 
Star, were also members of the Baptist church in Jay. They were notified to 
withdraw from the order or lose their standing in the church. Of course they 
adhered to their obligations as Masons, and the church concluded it would not be 
wise to lose some of its best members. For about fifteen years following 1830 
little or no work was done ; but the lodge usually elected its officers and was 
in condition to do work. While at this time they received no accessions to 
their numbers they were yet thoroughly imbuded with the spirit of Masonry 
and some of the most interesting meetings were held during this period. 

In 185(3 the lodge met with a severe misfortune. On July 26 their hall, 
with a great part of their furniture, was burned. The loss was but one-half 
covered by insurance. The lodge immediately voted to rebuild, and a new 
hall was completed in November, 1857, which, on June 24 following, was 
solemnly dedicated to Free Masonry by the M. W. Grand Lodge of Maine, 
Most Worshipful Grand Master Robert P. Dunlap, presiding. November 9, 
1875, this hall also, with the furniture, fixtures, and regalia, was destroyed by 
fire, together with its ancient charter. In no ways discouraged. Oriental Star 
promptly voted to rebuild on a larger scale. A new hall was erected the 
next year, and completed so that the annual communication was held in it in 
October. It was dedicated on June 21, 1877, by the M. W. Grand Lodge of 
Maine. There were present, on this occasion, Whitney Lodge of Canton, 
Reuel VVashburn Lodge of Livermore Falls, King Hiram Lodge of Dixfield, 
beside delegations from Nezinscot, Evening Star, Tranquil, Kabboni, Asylum, 
and Blazing Star lodges. The address was delivered by M. W. Josiah H. 
Drunimond, I'ast Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine. 

Oriental Star was organized during the earl}^ settlement of Livermore. As 
this section of the state was then sparsely settled, it drew its membership 
largely from the adjacent towns. But as the country became more thickly 
settled, new lodges were formed in the adjoining towns, often drawing quite 
largely upon Oriental Star for membership. In April, 1872, twenty-nine 
members were dimitted to enable them to organize Whitney Lodge, in Canton. 
Again in May, 1877, twenty -five more were dimitted to organize Reuel Wash- 
burn Lodge at Livermore Falls. Few lodges have experienced so many 
misfortunes or have met with so much discouragement as Oriental Star. It is 
quite a different thing to build up and maintain a flourishing lodge in the 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 211 

cities and larger villages where wealth abounds, to what it is in a sparsely 
settled farming community. Oriental Star is entitled to much credit for its 
energy and pluck in meeting its misfortunes so bravely, and so resolutely 
pushing ahead against adversity. To resist the discouraging influence of the 
anti-Morgan excitement, to lose two Masonic halls by fire within twenty years, 
to lose fifty-four members within six years by dimit, and then to retain a 
membership of ninety and possess a Masonic hall worth twenty-five hundred 
dollai's, and an invested fund of more than one thousand dollars, is consider- 
able for a small country town of less than twelve hundred population. More 
than this, in November, 1873, it donated the sum of five hundred dollars to 
Whitney Lodge, to be used for charitable purposes, according to the usages of 
the fraternity. Doubtless the prosperity of the lodge was largely due to many 
prominent and influential men included in its list of membership. Among 
them may be mentioned Samuel Small, Cornelius Holland, and Keuel Washburn. 
Samuel Small was a physician of extensive practice, and the first Master of the 
lodge. He was a man of intelligence and respected by the whole community. 
He represented his town in the legislature of Massachusetts and Maine, and 
the County of Oxford in tlie Senate of Massachusetts and in the Senate of 
Maine, and was a member of the executive council. Cornelius Holland was 
also a phj^sician of large practice. He was an active member of the lodge 
upon its first organization, and was conspicuous for his zeal and fidelity to 
Masonic principles. He was several times elected to the State Senate, and 
twice elected Representative to Congress. 

Perhaps the man to whom Oriental Star Lodge is indebted more than to 
any other is Reuel Washburn. He was born in 1793; graduated at Brown 
University in 1814; admitted to the bar, 1817; made a Mason in 1818; elected 
Master, 1822; D. D. S. M., 1826 and 1827; Grand Master, 1835-0-7; served his 
lodge as Master seven years, and as secretary eleven years; was a member of 
both branches of the legislature and of the executive council; was register 
and judge of probate, and several times a candidate of the Whig party for 
Congress. During his membership of Oriental Star Lodge of nearly sixty 
years he was largely instrumental in shaping its course of action, and watchful 
of its financial as well as of its moral advancement. He took a deep interest 
in everything pertaining to Masonry, and his invaluable services both in and out 
of the lodge to promote its usefulness will not soon be forgotten. His ability, 
integrity, and upright bearing in all of the walks of life gave him an influence 
possessed by no one else. 

Among other prominent members of the lodge may be mentioned William 
H. Brettun, an active business man, who accumulated quite a large estate; 
Sylvester Strickland, a merchant, who was the first secretary of the lodge ; 
Benjamin Bradford, for nearly sixty years a practicing physician in Livermore, 
several times elected to the legislature, twice elected Master of the lodge, and 



212 History of Androscoggin County. 



held in high esteem by the fraternity ; Lee Strickland, colonel of the Eighth 
Maine Infantry; Major Isaac Strickland, a prominent business man; Joseph 
Covell, wlio died while consul to Prince Edward's Island; nor should the 
name of Moses Stone be omitted, who served as chaplain of the lodge for 
forty years. He was noted for integrity, firmness of purpose, and purity 
of life. No member was so sincerely and universally venerated and loved 
by the fraternity. During that dark period of Masonry, the anti-Masonic 
excitement, he conld be seen advancing with a firm and unfaltering step 
to that Masonic temple where his brethren were assembled, and where he 
always devoutly and fervently prayed for the perpetuity of the order, and 
God's blessing upon it. For his moral and Christian character and unblem- 
ished reputation he was respected by all, and regarded in the order as a pillar 
of strength. 

Oriental Star has now a membership of ninety-two. With a lodge on one 
side within five miles, and on the other side within three miles, its territory is 
quite restricted, and its membership is therefore smaller than it otherwise 
would be. The present officers are: Asa G. Timberlake, W. M. ; Willie A. 
Thompson, S. W. ; K. A. Ryerson, J. W.; Caleb Smith, treasurer; S. G. 
Shurtleff, secretary. The living past masters are : Lewis A. Farrar, John D. 
Hodge, Cornelius M. Holland, Byron C. Waite, Everett L. Philoon, C. H. 
Boothby, C. E. Knight, M.D., and George Q. Gammon. 

Tranquil Lo(l</e, No. !B9, F. <|- A. M., Auhurti. — This lodge never worked 
under a dispensation. March 18, 1818, a number of brethren met at the house 
of Bro. Oliver Pollard in Minot (North Auburn), took the necessary steps for 
formation and elected officers. These were Oliver Pollard, W. M. ; Henry 
Jackson, S. W. ; Alden Blossom, J. W. ; Enoch Perkins, treasurer; Joseph 
Keith, secretary ; Seth Staples, S. D. ; Asa Phillips, J. D. ; Hezekiah Bryant, 
tyler. Beside these were present Lemuel Nash, Thomas Davis, Leonard 
Richmond, Cyrus Clark, Jacob Hill, Reed Phillips, Aaron Bird, Jonathan Nash, 
Henry Jones, Jr, Hira Bradford, Oliver Herrick. Opening a lodge of master 
Masons they voted to apply for a charter, and a petition signed by the nineteen 
Masons was forwarded to the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, which acted 
favorably on the petition and granted a charter, dated March 11, 1818. 
March 24, 1819, occurred the first meeting after the arrival of the charter. 
Officers were chosen and Nathaniel Ingalls was proposed as a candidate. He 
was accepted and was the first person initiated. From this time monthly 
communications were held until September 19, when the lodge was constituted 
by the Grand Lodge and its officers installed. 

l^'rom 1820 to 1826 harmony prevailed, attendance was large, and good 
work was done. February 9, 1824, the lodge was incorporated as a charitable 
institution by the legislature to hold real estate to the value of |6,000, and 
personal property amounting to 110,000. The membership was widely scat- 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 21S 

tered; some lived at Turner village and neighborhood, others at Levviston 
Falls, and others at Minot Corner, and several fruitless attempts were made to 
divide the lodge or change the place of meeting. No work was done from 
June, 1829, to June, 1847, although meetings were sustained until 1831, and 
August 17, 1843, a fire destroyed the charter. June 23, 1847, the last meeting 
was held at North Auburn. Officers were elected and it was voted to remove 
the lodge to " Chamberlain Hall in Auburn, near Lewiston Falls," where, 
October 13, the officers were publicly installed. The new charter was dated 
May 20, 1847. From this time the prosperity of the lodge has been contin- 
uous, the ablest citizens being members, and active in work. Among those 
removed by death in its earlier years were Mark Hill (1848), George W. Chase 
(D. D. G. M.), and Dan Read (1853), Gen. Alden Blossom, of Turner, eighty- 
seven years old, a Past Master (1863), G. F. Newell, Jacob Herrick, Edmund 
D. Covell, and (ieorge C. C'ross (18(34), C. R. Bowker, G. G. Robinson, Joseph 
Freeman, Joseph Lufkin, and A. A. Trueworthy (1865). In 1868 died A. H. 
Small and T. A. D. Fessenden; in 1869 S. S. Bridgham, Lewis Phillips, and R. 
L. Andrews ; in 1870 Hubbard Lovejoy, William Kilbourne, Isaac L. Merrill ; 
in 1871 J. M. Blossom and J. K. Piper ; in 1872 B. E. Lombard and Almon C. 
Pray, the last a very zealous Mason and master of the lodge. John Penley, 
for nearly sixty years a Mason, died in 1873. These 3^ears have given the 
greatest mortality among the members in proportion to the number. June 
24, 1874, the dedication of Masonic Hall (now used by Burnside Post as a 
G. A. R. Hall) occurred with the celebration of St John's Day. The Grand 
Lodge, Ashlar, Kabboni, Cumberland, and Nezinscot lodges, DeMolay, Trinity, 
Biddeford, and Lewiston commanderies joining in the services. In 1876 
an extensive history of the lodge, written by Brother Robert Martin, was 
published in pamphlet form by the lodge. Up to January, 1875, 931 commu- 
nications had been held, 333 persons initiated, and 82 applications rejected, 
and at that date the lodge numbered 198 members. 

In 1876 George C. Wing was elected W. M.; John B. Jordan, S. W. ; H. 
D. Donovan, J. W.; John Pickard, treasurer; J. F. Atwood, secretary. 
January 27 Rev. (xeorge Bates, formerly pastor of the Universalist church, 
was buried with Masonic honors. Past G. W. Reuel Washburn acting as W. M. 
Quite a mortality among the members this year. In 1877 John B. Jordan 
was chosen W. M.; H. D. Donovan, S. W.; Algernon M. Roak, J. W. Brother 
Pickard was again chosen treasurer, and Brother Atwood secretary. They 
have done their duty so well that in the wisdom of tlie lodge there has been 
no change demanded in either of these offices, and after fifteen years of active 
service they now hold and wear the jewel insignia of the key and pen, 
October 11 a special communication was called to form an escort to the pro- 
cession participating in the dedication of the statute of Edward Little in the 
Auburn park. 1878 — same officers as last year. It appears to be an almost 



214 History of Androscoggin County. 

unbroken custom of the lodge to keep the elective officers in place for two 
successive years. 1879 — H. D. Donovan, W. M.; Algernon M. Roak, S. W. ; 
Albert R. Savage, J. W. June 24, St John's day, the lodge sent a large 
delegation to participate in the grand Masonic celebration held at Portland. 
1880-1881 — A. M. Roak, W. M.; A. R. Savage, S. W. ; E. G. Heath, J. W. 
February 19, 1881, a special communication was called to conduct the funeral 
exercises of Worshipful Brother Augustus Callahan, Past Master of this lodge. 
Past District Deputy Grand Master, and later a member of Ashlar Lodge, 
Lewiston. His Masonic virtues and activity were great, and it was with 
intense sorrow that the sprig of acacia was planted at his grave. August 30 
a number of the members went to Poland Springs to assist in the obsequies of 
Robert E.Campbell, a temporary resident at the Springs, and a brother Mason. 
1882 — Albert R. Savage, W. M.; Elbridge G. Heath, S. W.; Charles E. Darling, 
J. W. Brother Liberty H. Hutchinson, a young man of brilliant attainments, 
this year was called to the Grand Lodge above. 1883-1884 — -Elbridge G. 
Heath, VV. M. ; Charles E. Darling, S. W.; W. Freeman Lord, J. W. August 
3, 18S4, a large number from this lodge joined Lewiston Commandery in con- 
ducting the funeral rites of lirother Warren Ward, a worthy and much 
resijected brother. This year were also attended two other funerals of worthy 
brethren: William Haskell (November 7) and Charles E.Smith (November 18), 
while close following thes^, January 29, the lodge bore Brother Charles T. 
Davis to his last earthly resting-place. 1885-1886 — Charles E. Darling, W. M. ; 
W. F. Lord, S. W.; Benjamin F. Metcalf, J. W. March 29, 1885, occurred 
the funeral of Brother Ansel L. Lombard, formerly the treasurer of the lodge. 
April 30 the lodge was called to mourn the death of Brother Joseph Littlefield, 
for many years identified with the growth and activity of the lodge, and to 
carry his remains to the grave. June 7 Dr R. F. Harlow, an old and 
prominent Mason, was buried. June 18 the oldest member, Robert Martin, 
a very enthusiastic and valued Mason, was buried. His apron, on which the 
Masonic emblems were carefully painted and which he wore from the time he 
was "made a Mason," was presented to the lodge after his death, and now, 
appropriately framed, hangs in the lodge room, a cherished souvenir and 
ornament. 

January 20, 1887, Brother Jacob Robie was buried under the auspices of 
the lodge. 1887-1888 — W. F. Lord, W. M.; B. F. Metcalf, S. W.; Everett M. 
Stevens, J. W. December 28 Brother J. Q. A. Atwood received Masonic 
burial by the lodge. October 23 the lodge attended the funeral of Brother 
Joseph Nichols, at Lisbon. September 6, 1888, Brother Jacob B. Ham was 
buried, one of the oldest members, for thirty-four years connected with this 
lodge where he was initiated. He filled the office of mayor of Lewiston for 
the first two terms. December 13 Brother Rodney F. Foss, a Past Master and 
an active working member, was buried. 1889 — B. F. Metcalf, W. M.; E. M. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 215 

Stevens, S. W.; Henry H. Hanson, J. W. The lease of the lodge-room expir- 
ing, the tliird story of the new Savings Bank Block was especially fitted up 
for a Masonic hall and leased for twenty years. For its size it is the finest and 
best hall in Maine. It is occupied and jointly owned by Tranquil Lodge, 
Ancient Brothers Lodge, and Bradford Chapter, and was dedicated by the 
officers of the Grand Lodge, June 24, 1889. 

The officers elected for 1891 were: E. M. Stevens, W. M.; George B. 
Attwood, S. W.; Harry L. Haskell, J. W.; A. M. Roak, treasurer; J. F. 
Atwood, secretary; D. W. Verrill, trustee for Masonic Association. The 
reports were very satisfactory to the members, showing the lodge to be in a 
prosperous condition, financially and otherwise. 

The masters from the first have been (in order of service) : Oliver Pollard, 
Alden Blossom, Joseph Keith, Oliver Pollard, William l^ickford, George W. 
Chase (elected G. W. in 1849), Josiah Little, Jr, Augustus Callahan, S. H. 
Wilson, George A. Gordon, A. Callahan, J. P. Fessenden, S. H. Wilson, O. H. 
Maxwell, George S. Woodman, N. W. Button, W. M. Emerson, R. F. Foss, 

A. C. Pray (died in office), George McClure, G. S. Woodman, George C. Wing, 
John B. Jordan, H. D. Donovan, Algernon M. Roak, Albert R. Savage, 
Elbridge G. Heath, Charles E. Darling, W. F. Lord, B. F. Metcalf, E. M. 
Stevens. 

Tranquil Lodge has contributed liberally to the formation of many of the 
lodges of the county, while she is numerously represented in the higher 
Masonic bodies, hi the pcr^^ontwl of its membership, in the character of its 
work, and in the liberality of its charity it is second to no other lodge, and the 
statement below is as true now as when Brother Martin wrote it in 1870 : 
"Not only has every needy call from a distressed worthy brother been promptly 
answered, but objects of charity, whether brethren, widows, or orphans, have 
been sought out and generously supplied from the funds of the lodge, and also 
by private contribution." 

Ancient Brothers Loth/e, iV(>. 17S, Anhurn, F. <|' A. 31.^ ^ was granted a 
dispensation by M. W. Albert Moore, G. M., dated June 25, 1875, with these 
officers: Samuel O. Wood, W. M. ; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; and Marcellus 

B. Preble, J. W. After working under dispensation for one year, and 
initiating fourteen candidates, a charter was granted, dated May 4, 1870, with 
the following charter members: Forest E. Bisbee, George H. Brown, DeWitt 

C. Chase, Lewis A. Cobb, Francis Corson, C. B. Eaton, Enoch Perkins, George 
Parker, Isaac S. Robinson, Edwin T. Stevens, Andrew M. Peables, Milton J. 
Loring, Nathaniel M. Neal, Samuel O. Wood, H. A. Wallingford, Albert M. 
Penley, M. B. Preble, James W. Peables, Albion G. Smith. 

At a special communication, held in Masonic Hall, in Auburn, June 15, 
1876, the following representatives of the Grand Lodge were present: Most 

1 By L. A. Cobb. 



216 History of Androscoggin County. 

Worshipful Albert Moore, G. M.; Right Worshipful William J. Burnham as 
D. G. M.; Right Worthy Fessenden I. Day as S. G. W.; Worshipful A. M. 
Larrabee as J. G. W.; Worshipful W. W. Sanborn as G. Treas. ; Worshipful 
George A. Callahan as G. Sec; Worshipful H. E. Morriscy as G. S. D.; 
Worshipful C. H. Jumper as G. J. D.; Right Worshipful Warren Phillips, G. 
Tyler. The lodge was then formally constituted and the following ofifioers 
were duly installed by the Most Worshipful Grand Master: Samuel O. Wood, 
W. M.; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; M. B. Preble, J. W.; Nathaniel M. Neal, 
treasurer; Edwin T. Stevens, secretary; G. M. Atkins, chaplain; J. W. 
Peables, M.; M. J. Loring, S. D. ; F. E. Bisbee, J. D.; L. L. Hersey, S. S.; 
C. H. Parker, J. S.; Charles E. Johnson, tyler. At the annual communication, 
held October 5, 1876, the lodge elected: A. M. Penley, W. M.; M. J. Loring, 
S. W.; George Parker, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary; 
and at the annual communication, held October 16, 1877, the same officers 
were re-elected. 

At the annual communication held October 15, 1878, the following were 
elected: M. J. Loring, W. M.; G. M. Atkins, S. W.; John T. Hale, J. W.; 
N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communica- 
tion held October 21, 1870, the same officers were re-elected. At the annual 
communication, held October 19, 1880, the following officers were elected: 
George Parker, W. M.; John T. Hale, S. W.; Isaac S. Robinson, J. W. ; N. M. 
Neal, treasurer ; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communication held 
October 18, 1881, elected: N. M. Neal, W. M. ; L S. Robinson, S. W. ; C. H. 
Parker, J. W.; E. O. Wells, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the 
annual communication held October 17, 1882, elected: Isaac S. Robinson, W. 
M.; C. H. Parker, S. W.; G. M. Atkins, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. 
Stevens, secretary. A special meeting of the lodge was called December 25 
to attend the funeral of Isaac S. Robinson, Master of the lodge. At the next 
regular meeting suitable resolutions were adopted and the secretary instructed 
to inscribe a page of the records to his memory. At the annual communica- 
tion held October 16, 1883, elected: Lionel O. Brackett, W. M. ; G. M. 
Atkins, S. W. ; H. B. Sawyer, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, 
secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1884, the officers 
were re-elected with the exception of Brother E. T. Stevens, who, having 
served as secretary of the lodge since its organization, declined a re-election, 
and Walter H. Jolnison was elected. At the annual communication held 
October 20, 1885, elected: Orrel Brown, W. M. ; J. H. Litchfield, S. W.; 
Benjamin R. Irish, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. At 
the annual communication held October 19, 1886, the same officers were 
re-elected. At the annual communication held October 18, 1887, elected: J. 
H. Litchfield, W. M.; H. L. Gurney, S. W.; M. P. Buchanan, J. W.; N. M. 
Neal, treasurer; J^. A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 217 

October 16, 1888, re-elected the officers of the previous year. At the annual 
communication held October 15, 1889, elected: Herbert L. (Jurney, W. M.; 
M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; C. S. Stevens, J. W. ; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. 
A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1890, 
elected: Herbert L. Gurney, W. M.; M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; Clarence A. 
Chase, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. A public instal- 
lation was held in Masonic Hall, Tuesday, November 18, and the above officers 
were installed by M. W. Frank E. Sleeper, P. G. M., assisted by M. W. Fes- 
senden I. Day as Grand Marshal, and R. W. William J. Burnham as Grand 
Chaplain . 

Of the 20 charter members 13 are at present members, three have died, and 
four have left the lodge. In addition to its charter members the lodge has 
gained 78 by initiation and 11 by dimit, making the whole number on its books 
109. It has lost by death, dimits, and other causes, 19. Its present member- 
ship (November, 1890,) is 90. The meetings are well attended, and a good 
degree of interest is manifested by the brethren in the advancement of masonry 
and the prosperity of the lodge. 

Bradford CJiapter, No. 38^ R. A. M.^ — This body began its existence as 
Auburn Chapter under a dispensation granted May 17, 1874, to Companions 
George S. Woodman, Rodney F. Foss, Joseph Littlefield, Charles B. Merrill, 
Robert M. Sykes, Levi W. Sanborn, Myron W. Jones, George B. Stevens, 
Samuel O. Wood, Henry D. Donovan, Cyrus Hall, Albert M. Penley, Charles 
C. Keith, S. E. Wentworth, Milton J. Loring, Daniel E. Hall, Charles B. 
Eaton, Albert W. Larrabee, Isaac S. J\obinson, Daniel F. Bean, and Edwin M. 
Leavitt. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, apjjointed Companion 
George S. AVoodman the first High Priest, Companion Rodney F. Foss the 
first King, and Companion Joseph Littlefield the first Scribe. May 18 the 
companions assembled at the probate court room in Auburn, and a chapter of 
Royal Arch Masons was opened. Present, M. E. George S. Woodman, H. P.; 
E. Rodney F. Foss, King; E. Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; Companions C. B. 
Merrill, E. M. Leavitt, L. W. Sanborn, A. W. Larrabee, J. S. Robinson, C. B, 
Eaton, A. M. Penley, and S, O. Wood. The dispensation was read by the 
H. P. and accepted. The M. E. H. P. appointed C/ompanions S. O. Wood, 
C. of H.; George B. Stevens, P. S. ; A. M. Penley, R. A. C; E. M. Leavitt, 
treasurer; C. B. Merrill, secretary; D. F. Bean, M. 3d V.; H. D. Donovan, 
M. 2d v.; C. B. Eaton, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sent. Companions Leavitt, 
Robinson, and Foss were chosen to procure a room for meetings, Companions 
Donovan, Merrill, and Foss to prepare by-laws, and Companions Larrabee, 
Wood, and Stevens to procure furniture and regalia. Voted that the stated 
convocations be held on the first Tuesday of each month. 

A stated convocation was held June 2, 1874. Petitions for degrees were 

1 By Algernon M. Roak, P. H. P. 



218 History of Androscoggin County. 

received from brothers Algernon M. Roak, James W. Peables, Abram Atwood, 
John B. Jordan, John Pickard, Henry Little, George C. Wing, Samuel F. 
Merrill, Ansel L. Lombard, George W. Curtis, Andrew M. Peables, Benjamin 
F. Sturgis. Later all were elected to the degrees. Tranquil Lodge offered 
the free use of its rooms to the chapter, while working under dispensation, 
and it was voted to accept the offer. August 27 the first work was done, 
Algernon M. Koak, James W. Peables, and Abram Atwood being advanced 
to the honorary degree of Mark Master Mason. February 9, 1875, a con- 
vocation was called to confer the Mark Master's, Past Master's, and Most 
Excellent Master's degrees. Li the evening the Hoyal Arch degree was 
conferred. M. E. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, in his ofificial 
capacit}^ reviewed the work, and expressed himself as much pleased. There 
was present a large representation from King Hiram and other chapters. It 
was voted to change the name of the chapter to liradford. At the annual 
session of the Grand Chapter, May 4, 1875, the Grand High Priest, in his 
communication, said: 

February 9, 1874, I iii^pected the work in all the degrees, and with pleasure report it 
eminently satisfactory. Accuracy, deliberation, and dignity characterized the entire 
ceremonies. Their large and elegant hall with its suitable appointments, the specimens of 
their skill, their zealous efforts to succeed, all afford, abundant evidence that with a 
charter they would do credit to themselves and honor to the Grand Chapter. 

The charter was granted May 5, 1875, as Bradford Chapter, No. 38, to take 
rank and precedence from May 7, 1874. June 1, 1875, the companions who had 
signed the petition assembled to accept the charter, and to elect officers. The 
chapter was constituted by M. E. Henry L. Paine, Grand High Priest; Joseph 
M. Hayes, Grand King; F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe; Warren Phillips, 
Grand Sentinel; George A. Callahan and A. K. P. Knowlton, King Hiram 
Chapter; N. Woodbury, Somerset Chapter; F. 1. Day, St Paul Chapter. The 
Grand High Priest installed the officers: George S. Woodman, H. P.; Rodney 
F. Foss, King; Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; E. L. Leavitt, Treasurer; Charles B. 
Merrill, Secretary; Samuel (). Wood, C. of H.; Albert M. Penley, P. S.; 
Henry D. Donovan, R. A. C.; C. B. Eaton, M. 3d V.; D. E. Hall, M. 2d V.; 
L. W. Sanborn, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sentinel. September 5, 1875, Comp. 
Daniel E. Hall died. At the annual convocation in Portland, May 2, 1876, the 
Grand High Priest in his report said: 

November 2 I visited this chapter and inspected work on the R. A. degree, which was 
presented in a manner which many of our older chapters would do well to imitate. 

June 3, 187t), the annual convocation was held. Up to this time the chapter 
had exalted thirty-two companions. The following were elected : M. E. Rodney 
F. Foss, H. P.; Samuel O. Wood, King; Albert M. Penley, Scribe ; E. M. 
Leavitt, Treasurer; C. B. Merrill, Secretary; R. L. Harlow, C. of H.; A. M. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 219 

Roak, P. S. ; J. W. Peables, R. A. C, and, June 22, were installed by M. E. 
George S. Woodman, P. H. P., assisted by Companion John B. Jordan as 
Marshal. March 6, 1877, R. E. F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe, officially visited 
the chapter. June 5 the annual convocation was held. During the year 
there had been six exaltations. The officers elected were : M. E. Samuel O. 
Wood, H. P. ; Albert M. Penley, King ; R. L, Harlow, Scribe ; E. M. Leavitt, 
Treasurer ; C. B. Merrill, Secretary ; A. M. Roak, C. of H. ; A.R. Savage, P. S. ; 
B. F. Metcalf, R. A. C. July 19 P. H. P. Augustus Callahan, assisted by 
P. H. P. George S. Woodman, as Grand Marshal, publicly installed the officers. 
February 8, 1878, R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., made an official visit. 
There were also present M. E. John W. Ballou, P. G. H. P.; R. E. F. T. 
Faulkner, Grand King, and a large number of visiting companions. June 4, 
1878, were elected: A. M. Penley, H. P.; R. L. Harlow, King; A. M. Roak, 
Scribe ; A. R. Savage, C. of H. ; B. F. Metcalf, P. S. ; W. F. Lord, R. A. C. ; 
E. M. Leavitt, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec, who, June 19, were publicly installed 
by R. E. Jos. A. Locke, Grand Scribe, assisted by F. I. Day, P. H. P., as 
Marshal. March 12, 1879, R. E. Comp. Locke again visited the chapter when 
the Royal Arch degree was conferred. In his report to the Grand Chapter, 
May, 1879, he said : 

The officers of this chapter are determined not to be excelled, and the large attend- 
ance showed that the companions as well as the officers felt a deep Interest in the welfare 
and good name of their chapter. 

Right Eminent F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, and visitors from King Hiram 
St Paul, Keystone, Androscoggin, Jerusalem, and Turner cliapters were also 
present. June 3, 1879, were elected: Comp. R. L. Harlow, H. P.; A. M. Roak, 
King; A. R. Savage, Scribe; B. F. Metcalf, C. of H.; W. F. Lord, P. S ; J. F. 
Atwood, R. A. C. ; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 17 P. 
H. P. A. M. Penley, assisted by P. H. P. George S. Woodman as Marshal, pub- 
licly installed the officers. After the installation a banquet was served. June 
1, 1880, were elected: A. M. Roak, H. P.; A. R. Savage, King; B. F. Metcalf, 
Scribe; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; W. F. Lord, C. of H. ; 
J. F. Atwood, P. S.; C. E. Libby, R. A. C. July 6 P. H. P. R. L. Harlow, 
with the assistance of P. H. P. Geo. S. Woodman as Marshal, publicly installed 
the officers. After the installation refreshments were served. January 4, 
1881, the committee appointed to present resolutions on the death of Comp. 
Charles B. Eaton, reported this among others: ^'' Me solved, That in the death 
of Companion Eaton this chapter has lost a worth}'' member, — who, as one of 
its charter members, labored hard for its success, — his widow, a kind husband, 
and the state a good citizen." March 8, 1881, M. E. Jos. M. Hayes, G. H. P., 
made his official visit. In his report he said: 

I visited Bradford Chapter, No. 38, Auburn, and witnessed work in the Royal Arch 
degree. This chapter, although young, is one that will rank high, for its officers are 



220 History op Androscoggin County. 



interested in its welfare, are accurate ritualists, and appreciate the spirit of the text. The 
work presented would have been creditable for any chapter. 

June 7, 1881, were elected: A. R. Savage, H. P.; B. F. Metcalf, King; W. 

F. Lord, Scribe; J. F. Atwood, C. of H.; C. E. Libby, P. S.; E. G. Thompson, 
R. A. C; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 14 the officers were 
publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., assisted by A. M. Penley, P. H. P., 
as Grand Marshal. April 4, 1882', R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P., made 
his official visit. In his report he said: 

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn and witnessed work in the M. M. M. degree. The 
oflScers and many of the members showed a very commendable zeal to ascertain what is the 
correct wording of the ritual. The chapter is in a prosperous condition. 

June G, 1882, these officers were elected: B. F. Metcalf, H. P.; W. F. 
Lord, King; J. F. Atwood, Scribe; C. E. Libby, C. of H.; H. G. Foss, P. S. ; 
E. G. Heath, R. A. C.; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; and 
June 29 they were publicly installed by A. R. Savage, P. H. P., assisted 
by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 27, 1883, R. E. Manley G. 
Trask, Grand King, made his official visit. In his report, he said: 

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed most excellent work on the 
M. E. M. degree. The officers displayed a thorough knowledge of their several parts. 

June 5, 1883, the following were elected: W. F. Lord, H. P.; J. F. 
Atwood, King ; C. E. Libby, Scribe ; H. G. Foss, C. of H. ; E. G. Heath, 
P. S. ; L. O. Brackett, R. A. C. ; Geo. C. Wing, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec. 
June 12 the officers were publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. XL P., assisted by 
A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 4, 1884, resolutions were adopted to 
the memory of our late companion, Marcellus B. Preble. April 22 M. E. Frank 
E. Sleej)er, G. H. P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said: 

I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn. Three candidates were exalted. The chapter 
has done a large amount of work during the year, and I judge from the specimens of skill 
exhibited at the time of my visit, it has been well done. 

June 3, 1884, the following officers were elected: J. F. Atwood, H. P.; 
C. E. Libby, King; H. G. Foss, Scribe; E. G. Heath, C. of H. ; L. O. 
Brackett, P. S. ; L. W. Haskell, R. A. C.; Geo. C^ Wing, Treas.; L. Linn 
Small, Sec. They were installed July 1 by W. F. Lord, P. H. P., assisted by 
A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. September 2 resolutions were adopted in 
memory of Comp. Warren Ward, who died August 1, 1884. February 3, 
1885, resolutions were reported to the memory of Comp. Charles E. Smith, 
who died November 15, 1884. March 31, 1885, M. E. Frank E. Sleeper, 

G. IL P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said: 

March 31, I visited Bradford Chapter at Aubm-n. The Royal Arch degree was conferred 
in accordance with the standard ritual, and in a very correct manner. The High Priest 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 221 

and several of his companions are thorough ritualists, and have labored hard to bring the 
work to a high state of proficiency in which they have well succeeded. The records are 
nicely kept, and the chapter is prospering. 

June 2, 1885, these officers were elected: C. E. Libby, H. P.; H. G. Foss, 
King; E. G. Heath, Scribe; L. O. Brackett, C. H. ; L. W. Haskell, P. S.; 
H. W. Hutchins, R. A. C. ; Geo. (-. Wing, Treas. ; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 16 
the officers were installed by M. E. J. F. Atwood, P. H. P., assisted by W. F. 
Lord as Marshal. August 4 resolutions were adopted on the death of Conip. 
Ansel L. Lombard. February 19, 1886, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D. G. H. P. 
made his official visit. In his report he said: "I visited Bradford Royal Arch 
Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed work in the R. A. degree, which was very 
correctly done." June 1, 1886, were elected : H. G. Foss, H. P. ; E. G. Heath, 
King; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 6 the officers were 
installed by M. E. Chas E. Libby, assisted by Ex. A. M. Roak as G. C. of H. 
February 8, 1887, R. PI Chas I. Collamore, Grand Scribe, made his official 
visit. In his report he said: "At Auburn I saw the R. A. degree conferred. 
The work was performed in an impressive manner. This chapter is in good 
condition." March 1 resolutions were presented on the death of Comp. Jacob 
Robie. June 7 the following were elected: E. G. Heath, H. P.; H. Wesley 
Hutchins, King; Henry H. Hanson, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M. 
Roak, Sec. ; and July 5, they were installed by M. E. H. G. Foss, assisted by 
W. F. Lord as Grand Captain of Host. April 3, 1888, M. E. James M. Nevens, 
G. H. P., made his official visit and reported: 

April .3 I made my oflBcial visit to Bradford Chapter, and witnessed work in the R. A. 
degree. The officers were all new in their stations, and this was the first time that they 
had worked the degree, yet it was very well presented. 

June 5 the following were elected: H. Wesley Hutchins, H. P.; Henry 
H. Hanson, King; Geo. B. Attwood, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M. 
Roak, Sec. July 3 the officers were installed by R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted 
by E. G. Heath as Grand C. of H. April 30, 1880, M. E. Geo. W. Goulding, 
G. H. P., made his official visit. In his report he said: 

Bradford Chapter, in the beautiful city of Auburn, was visited by me April 30. The 
Eoyal Arch degree was worked to my entire satisfaction. Twelve exaltations during the 
year with several applications pending will give an idea of its condition. 

June 5 were elected: Henry H. Hanson, H. P.; Geo. B. Attwood, King; 
E. H. Hutchins, Scribe ; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas. ; A. M. Roak, Sec. August 6 
the officers were installed b}'^ R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted by Chas E. Libby as 
G. C. of A. March 4, 1890, R. E. Judson B. Dunbar, Grand Scribe, made an 
official visit. June 3 these officers were chosen: Geo. B. Attwood, H. P.; 
E. H.- Hutchins, King; L. O. Brackett, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; 



222 History of Androscoggin County. 



A. M. Roak, Sec. They were installed July 1 by Henry H. Hanson, assisted 
by n. E. A. M. Penley as G. C. of H. The officers for 1891 are: E. H. 
Hutchins, H. P.; L. O. Brackett, King; E. L. Philoon, S. ; Geo. S. Woodman, 
Treas.; A. M. Roak, Sec; C. A. Ring, C. of H.; L. O. Morse, P. S. ; M. B. 
Watson, R. A. C; J. F. Atwood, A. M. Penley, D. W. Verrill, Finance 
Committee ; J. F. Atwood, Trustee. There is no more united or more flourishing 
body in a large region ; no better workers ; nor a band of brothers whose 
mutual strivings after excellence in masonic virtues have given more satisfactory 
results than has been the case with our highly favored brotherhood, and the 
prospect seems pleasant in the future. 

Auhurn Council Princes of Jerusalem was instituted at Masonic Hall under 
a dispensation granted April 12, 1888. There were 26 charter members : 
Fessenden I. Day, A. M. Penley, Horace C Little, Algernon M. Roak, Wm 
J. Burnham, John Garner, A. R. Savage, George C. Wing, H. W. Hutchins, 
T. J. Miller, Seth D. Wakefield, M. E. D. Bailey, Fred H. White, Charles H. 
Jumper, Frank H. Johnson, Wm Freeman Lord, C. E. Libby, Elbridge G. 
Heath, J. H. Foss, Frank L. Sleeper, Charles L. Cushman, Frank T. Faulkner, 
Joseph H. Stetson, John W. Ballon, D. P. Boynton, John B. Cotton. The 
first meeting was held June 28, 1888. The officers then appointed and elected 
are: Fessenden I. Day, M.-. E.-, S.-. P.-. Grand Master; Albert M. Penley, 
G.-. H.-. P.-. Deputy Grand Master; Horace C. Little, M.-. E.-. S.-. Grand 
Warden ; Algernon M. Roak, M.-. E.-. J.-. Grand Warden; William J. Burnham, 
Val. Grand Treas.; Elbridge G. Heath, Val. Grand Sec. K.-. of S.-. & A.-.; 
Albert R. Savage, Val. Grand M.-. of C.-. ; John B. Cotton, Val. (ira.nd 
Almoner ; Wm Freeman Lord, V.-. G.-. M.-. of E.-. ; Charles Libby, Grand 
tyler. The regular meetings of the council are held on the second Thursdays 
of January, April, July, and October, at Masonic Hall, Auburn. Regular 
meetings may be called by the Grand Master to meet on the second Thursday 
of any other month. November 9, 1888, the council was visited by Portland 
Council P. of J., which exemplified the work for the new council, and were 
entertained at a banquet provided at the Elm House. The number of 
members, March, 1891, was (36. 

iJichei/ Chapter^ I\<n<e Croix, A. <f A. A., Scottish Rite, Auhurn, was organized 
at Masonic Hall, under a dispensation granted January 5, 1891, with these 
charter members: Wm J. Burnham, Albert M. Penley, Fessenden I. Day, 
Algcniion M. Roak, Wm F. Wood, Charles E. Libby, Wm Freeman Lord, 
Elbridge G. Heath, Wm D. Pennell, F. T. Faulkner, Charles E. Philoon, H. 
Wesley Hutchins, James E. Coombs, Albert R. Savage, George C. Wing, Wm 
Chandler Bearce, Fred H. White, Seth D. Wakefield, Joseph K. Stetson, Wm 
Parkin, Samuel Sylvester, Daniel Fessenden, Frank H. Johnson, John Garner, 
Frank S. French, H. G. Foss, John A. Greenleaf, Frank E, Sleeper, M. E. D. 
Bailey, Charles L. Cushman, Horace C. Little, Daniel P. Boynton, Charles H. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 223 

Miller. The first regular meeting was held in Masonic Hall, January 27, 1891. 
The officers for 1891 are: Wm J. Buruham, M.-. W.-. e^ P.-. M.-.; A. M. Penley, 
M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. S.-. W.-.; F. I. Day, M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. J.-. W.-.; A. M. 
Roak, M.-. E.-. & P.-. K.-. G.-. ().-. ; Wm F. Wood, R.-. & 1\-. K.-. T.-. ; Charles 
E. Libby, R.-. & P.-. K.-. H.-.; Wm F. Lord, R.-. & P.-. K.-. M.-. of C.-. ; E. G. 
Heath, R.-. & P.-. K.-. S.-. March 26, 1891, the work was rendered by the 
officers of Dunlap Chapter of Rose Croix of Portland, and the following 
Valorous Princes received the degree of Knight of the East and West, 17°, 
and Knight of the Eagle and Pelican : Walter E. Plummer, James H. Brewster, 
Albert B. Nealey, Edwin R. Protheroe, George W. Hutchins, Melville W. 
Manter, George B. Bearce, Arthur G. Staples, H. Bradford Hayes, Sylvester S. 
Wright, Willie A. Knight, Augustus A. Waite, Lavator O. Morse, Ernest W. 
Russell, John B. Wise, Harry L. Haskell, James II. Eacott, Samuel Hibbert, 
Abram Atwood, James F. Atwood, John N. Wood. 

Ashlar Lodge., No. 105., F. cf A. M.., Leivuton., had its origin in a meeting 
held at the DeWitt House, October 24, 1860, where Jos. Pearson Gill, 
Jos. P. Fessendeu, Samuel W. Kilvert, David Cowan, Eli Fernald, J. D. 
Rollins, Nathaniel J. Jackson, Isaac J. Carr, Geo. H. Nye, Carlos Nudd, Geo. 
W. Wright, A. C. Mitchell, Wm Skelton, H. H. Dickey, Wm Knowlton, A. K. 
P. Knowlton, Uriah Balkam, Benjamin I. Leeds, signed a petition in answer 
to which a dispensation was granted November 5, 1860, by Josiah H. Drum- 
mond, Grand Master, to the petitioners to work as a lodge of F. & A. M. He 
appointed Jos. Pearson Gill to be the first W. M., Jos. P. Fessenden, S. W., 
and Eli Fernald, J. W. The other officers were S. W. Kilvert, Treas. ; A. K. 
P. Knowlton, Sec; N. J. Jackson, S. D. ; Wm Knowlton, J. I).; Wm Skelton, 
S. S.; Geo. H. N3^e, J. S.; Rev. LIriah Balkam, Chap.; David Cowan, 
Marshal; A.C.Mitchell, Sentinel; Carlos Nudd, Tyler. The young lodge 
attracted much attention from Masons and had many visitors. June 9, 1862, an 
invitation was received from Portland Lodge, No. 1, to attend the centennial 
anniversary in that city, on June 24, which was accepted. November 3, the 
lodge voted "to unite with King Hiram Chapter in hiring the floor containing 
the hall in Mr Dingley's building on Lisbon street at -ij^lOO per year." During 

1863 17 were initiated. January 17, 1864, occurred the first Masonic funeral, 
conducted by the lodge, that of Josiah Stimson. December 27 a special com- 
munication was held to attend the funeral of Brother Wm Knowlton. During 

1864 43 petitions were received and 21 initiated. May 8, 1865, the lodge gave 
a vote of thanks to Bro. Samuel W. Kilvert for the present of an altar. (Jctober 
30 the Lewiston Masonic Association was formed by Ashlar Lodge, King 
Hiram Chapter, Dunlap Council, and Lewiston Commandery. By January 1, 
1866, the record of the annual meeting had grown to several pages, showing 
the growth and importance of the lodge. Ham Brooks and Samuel W. 
Kilvert were appointed members of the board of trustees for Ashlar Lodge. 



224 History of Androscoggin County. 



April 23 a communication was received from Charlottestown, P. E. I., giving 
information of the death and burial of Brother Joseph Covell. January 14, 
1867, the secretary's report says: " There have been 22 admitted to membership 
during the year, and there are now 96 members. One brother has died, J. U. 
Parkinson. The amount of the charity fund is 1399.86." In June a committee 
was appointed to have by-laws printed. October 23 the lodge attended the 
funeral of Bro. Noah C. Barnes. January 6, 1868, annual meeting. Seventeen 
have joined during the past year, 35 communications have been held, and the 
lodge has 111 members. The charity fund has risen to $508.16, and the 
treasurer holds in cash 1530. May 11 voted to place the procuring of another 
hall in the hands of the trustees. July 28 attended the funeral of Bro. A. H. 
Small of Tranquil Lodge. November 30 R. W. Wm J. Burnham, D. D. G. M., 
made the lodge an official visit. December 28 a petition for another (new) 
lodge in Lewiston was presented by H. H. Dickey, and petitioners were 
allowed permission to present it to the Grand Lodge by a unanimous vote. 
The lodge also voted to allow the new lodge the use of the jewels and furniture 
of Ashlar Lodge for six months. January 25, 1869, annual meeting. Seven- 
teen have joined during the year; whole number of members, 124; amount 
of charity fund, $614.69. J. P. Gill, A. Callahan, and Wm J. Burnham were 
continued in their ver}^ useful place as finance committee. Wm J. Burnham 
was also appointed trustee of the Masonic Association. 

Januar}^ 17, 1870, was held the first annual meeting in the hall in Savings 
Bank building. The lodge voted to procure new regalia, to authorize the loan 
of the funds of the lodge to the trustees of the Masonic Association, and $1,000 
was so loaned, also $400 of the charity fund. The officers were installed Jan- 
uary 31, by R. W. Isaac G. Curtis, D. D. G. M. April 25 R. W. I. G. Curtis, 
D. D. G. M., made an official visit. October 3 a committee on history was 
appointed, consisting of Brothers John F. Putnam, Augustus Callahan, and 
Wm J. Burnham. January 2, 1871, annual meeting. Ten have become 
members during the year, and there are 136 members. The lodge has a fund 
of $1,153.59 and a charity fund of $788.41. April 3 received a petition from 
Bro. Luther Lombard and 14 others asking permission to present it to the 
Grand Lodge for a dispensation for a lodge at Webster. October 23 the lodge 
by vote approved of the action of the treasurer and W. M. in sending $100 to 
the sufferers from the fire in Chicago. This was sent on Tuesday following 
the fire on Sunday, and the record says: "This was probably the first remit- 
tance from New England if not the first made in the country." The same 
evening the lodge received a novel and beautiful present from Bro. George B. 
Moore of Brownsville, Neb., of the square and compasses tastefully wrought 
in wax, which now ornaments Masonic Hall. November 5 the lodge buried 
the body of Bro. L. B. Roys, of Miami Lodge, Cincinnati, O., in Riverside 
Cemetery, with Masonic honors. January 22, 1872, annual meeting. Seven- 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 225 

teen members have been added to the lodge during the year, making a total of 
151. March 18 intelligence was received of the deaths of I>rothers Stephen 
G. Marden, at Palermo, and W. H. B. Moore, F. C, at Rumford. August 11 
attended the funeral of Bro. A. C. Pray of Tranquil Lodge. Annual meeting 
January 3, 1873. Twelve admitted to membership during the year. August 
29 attended the funeral of IJro. J. Frank Pierce; December 23 that of Bro. 
John Neal. March G, 1874, attended the funeral of Rev. Uriah Balkam, a 
member of the lodge, buried with Masonic rites. April 27 a communication 
from the Grand Lodge received, ordering the altar and working tools of the 
lodge to be draped witli mourning for thirty days, as a token of respect to the 
two Past Grand Masters who had died during the year — Freeman Bradford 
and Jolni H. Lynde. June 24 assisted in the dedication of the new Masonic 
hall in Auburn. June 29 contributed -flOO to the Louisiana sufferers. 
August 24 contributed -^25 to Cambridge Lodge to aid in repairing its hall, 
damaged by a tornado. 

January 18, 1875, annual meeting. R. W. P\ancis T. Faulkner, 1). D. G. M., 
was present in an official capacity. Nine members have been admitted during 
the year. The able finance committee-men, who have so long served, are 
continued in office, and Bro. Wm J. Burnham continued trustee. June 14 
granted permission to have a dispensation granted to Ancient Brothers Lodge 
to be formed in Auburn. November 18 the lodge votes its thanks to Bro. 
John N. Wood for the valuable Bible he has presented. January 2, 1876, a 
special communication was held in connection with Rabboni Lodge for the 
purpose of attending the funeral of Bro. (^eo. Hill, of Portland Lodge, No. 1. 
Annual meeting January 10. The treasurer reports the amount on hand to be 
$1,505.34, and the charity fund to be $1,441. 46. Eight members have been 
admitted during the year. March 6 a committee of seven was appointed to visit 
and supply watchers for sick brethren. March 20 the lodge was visited by R. 
W. F. T. Faulkner, ex-D. D. G. M., and R. W. F. E. Sleeper, I). D. G. M., of 
the Fourteenth Masonic District, and officially visited by R. W. F. I. Day, 
D. D. G. M. June 5 accepted an invitation from Ancient Brothers Lodge, 
U. D., Auburn, to attend the constituting and dedicating of that lodge. 
January 29, 1877, annual meeting. Number of members, 174. March 9 Bro. 
Geo. C. Leavitt died in Wilton. Lyman O. Goodwin died in Salem, Mass., 
July 30, 1877. January 14 annual meeting. R. W. R. Wesley Dunn, 
D. D. G. M., of the Twelfth Masonic District, was a visitant. The death of 
Bro. Geo. G. Carlton, at Denver, Col., was reported in February, 1878. Through 
the efforts of ladies interested in Masonry, who furnished the most of its cost, 
an organ was bought and S. D. Wood made organist. The officers for 1879 
were installed publicly, January 20, by R. W. Archie L. Talbot, D. G. M., 
installing officer, assisted by R. W. Wm J. Burnham as Grand Marshal. 
June 2 accepted the invitation to attend the Masonic celebration at Portland, 



226 History of Androscoggin County. 



June 24, which was attended, and a fine time enjoyed. June 30 the thanks of 
the lodge is voted to several benefactors. November 23 a connnunication was 
received from the (Irand Master of the Grand Lodge announcing the death of 
R. W. Bro. Moses Dodge, Grand Treasurer. 

January 26, 1880, annual meeting. Nine members joined daring the year. 
Installation February 23, 1880, was conducted by R. W. Archie L. Talbot, 
D. D. G. M., assisted by Wor. Milton J. Loring, W. M., of Ancient Brothers 
Lodge, Auburn, as Grand Marshal. April 26 the funeral of Bro. Elbridge 
L. Flagg was attended. 1881 — annual meeting January 10; 172 members 
reported. The officers were publicly installed, February 14, by R. W. Charles R. 
Whitten, D. 1). G. M., installing officer, assisted by R. W. Archie Lee Talbot, 
J. G. W. The ceremonies were succeeded, as has been usual on such occasions, 
by a bountiful banquet. February 10 a special communication was called to 
attend the funeral of W. Bro. Augustus Callahan, one of the ablest and most 
honored members of the lodge, who had done great service in various official 
positions on the finance committee, and as trustee of the Masonic Association. 
July 20 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. L N. Parker. October 31 a 
contribution was sent to the sufferers from the forest fires in Michigan. 
January 2, 1882, annual meeting. Membership, 179; admitted during the year, 
six; died, two — A. Callahan and Geo. W. Farr. January 5, 1883, attended 
the funeral services of Bro. Simon W. Miller. January 22 annual meeting; 
186 members reported. The finance committee report the lodge entirely out 
of debt with a balance on hand. Public installation of officers February 
26, by R. W. A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M., who, April 16, officially visited the 
lodge. Wm Skelton and Samuel W. Kilvert, charter members, and John 
Jones died this year. 1884 — January 7, annual meeting; 191 members. 
March 5 Masonic funeral of Bro. Wm Sheehan. May 23 occurred the last 
rites over the body of Bro. H. H. Dickey, P. J. G. W. of the Grand Lodge, a 
charter member, conducted by M. W. Josiah H. Drummond, Grand Master of 
the Grand Lodge. To his earnest labors much of the prosperity of the lodge 
is due. 1885 — annual meeting January 26. The lodge voted to purchase 
crayon portraits of Past Masters H. H. Dickey and Augustus Callahan. 
Number of members, 201. April 13 R. W. N. U. Hinkley, D. D. G. M., 
made an official visit. Masonic burial services conducted February 7, 1886, 
over the remains of Bro. George Washburn. February 18 an official visit 
made by R. W. Lyman L. Jones, D. D. G. M. April 4, 1887, R. W. Geo. S. 
Woodman, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. Officers installed publicly, 
February 15, 1888, by M. W. F. E. Sleeper, Grand Master. August 26 a 
special communication was called to bury Bro. Arthur Sands with Masonic 
ceremonies. This year the trustees increased the amount of crockery so as 
to seat 100 guests. This crockery is made for the lodge, and each piece is 
stamped with its name. June 23 the lodge conducted the funeral services of 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 227 

Bro. George A. Haynes. 1890 — officers: Albert Ring, W. M. ; Henry A. 
Torsey, S. W. ; Frank A. Johnson, J. W.; R. C, Pingree, Treas. ; Fred I. 
Morrell, Sec. ; Wm J. Burnham,Chap. ; W. F. Wood, Marshal ; A. M. Edwards, 
S. D.; H. A. Free, J. D.; E. P. lirett, S. S.; J. F. Pickermg, J. S.; Wm 
Stevens, Tyler. Installed publicly, February 3, by R. W. F. I. Day, P. (i. M. 
of the (Irand Lodge. During tlie installation of Bro. Wm J. Burnham the 
installing officer presented to him on behalf of the lodge an elegant Past 
Master's jewel " as a slight token of their appreciation, and as a memento of 
the occasion of his twentieth appointment as chaplain." Granville L. Cobb 
was buried with Masonic ceremonies in February. April 20 the lodge conducted 
the funeral rites of Bro. G. Henry Jordan, of Lisbon, a member of this lodge. 
June 24 the lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland. June 2 
George A. Callahan, having been appointed Grand Standard Bearer of the 
Grand Lodge, was duly installed by the W. M. Bro. Geo. I. Avery died at 
Lisbon in July. October 19 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. Linneus 
Cheetham. 1891 — annual meeting January 19; present membership 189; 
charity fund $2,191.41; lodge fund 11,647.50. Officers, 1891: Albert Ring, 
W. M. ; H. A. Torsey, S. W. ; Frank H. Johnson, J. W.; R. C. Pingree, Treas.; 
P>ed I. Morrell, Sec; Wm J. Burnham, Chap.; Wm F. Wood, S. D.; E. P. 
Brett, J. D.; J. F. Pickering, S. S.; Geo. W. Belt, J. S.; Wm Stevens, Tyler. 

During the thirty years of its existence Ashlar Lodge has admitted 319 
members, and ever been in the front rank of Masonic lodges in the state. 
Its membership has embraced leading citizens, and its management has been in 
wise and conservative hands. Its finances have been carefully looked after, 
and, although many generous donations to worthy objects and brethren have 
been made, they speak well for the committee having them in charge. 
Commencing a new decade of life with nearly 200 members and in prosperous 
circumstances, its future promises to be as useful as has been its past. The 
masters have been J. P. Gill, H. H. Dickey, W. J. Burnham, I. G. Curtis, 
Denison Harden, I. C. Downes, A. E. Frost, W. W. Sanborn, George H. 
Benson, F. B. Sands, J. H. Fisher, J. Q. A. Jumper, Fred I. Morrell, Hiram 
Morrell, C. H. Jumper, Albert Ring. The trustees of the lodge in the Masonic 
Association from the first have been Wm J. Burnham, H. H. Dickey, F. B. 
Sands. R. C. Pingree has been treasurer since 1873 when he succeeded H. H. 
Dickey. 

Rahhoni Lodge., No. 150., F. ^ A. M., had its origin in a petition signed by 
F'. Bradford, A. Callahan, J. Pearson Gill, H. H. Dickey, Thomas Tash, F. O. 
Sands, S. W. Butterfield, Chas A. Coombs, David Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton, 
F. I. Day, Peter Morriscy, T. H. Longley, W. W. Sanborn, Geo. I. Parker, 
J. K. Piper, John M. Small, Isaac R. Knowlton, Milan Graves, T. M. Varney, 
Chas Millett, James Wrigley, F. P. Weymouth, Geo. H. Benson, A. F. 
Sanborn, C. O. Freeman, Chas A. Norcross, J. W. Perkins, John Given, Thos 



228 History of Androscoggin County. 



B. Norris, E. P. Tobie, Jr, John N. Wood, John W. Farwell, O. S. Brown, 
H. H. Williams, Geo. O. Durgin, Kicliard Skelton, and A. N. Tracy, which 
Ashlar Lodge gave the petitioners leave to present to the Grand Master, 
December 28, 1868. The petitioners asked for a dispensation to allow them 
to meet as a Masonic lodge at Lewiston, on the Wednesday succeeding 
the full moon of eacli month, under the name of Rahhoni Lodne, and 
recommended Bro. David Cowan for the first Master, Bro. A. K, P. Knowlton 
for S. W., and Bro. Fessenden I. Day for J. W. The D. D. G. M. recom- 
mended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, and the G. M. granted 
a dispensation, dating from December 28, 1868. Charter Members. — David 
Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton, Fessenden I. Day, Thomas Tash, C. A. 
Coombs, T. M. Varney, George I. Parker, F. P. Weymouth, T. H. 
Longley, J. K. Piper, Chas O. Freeman, Isaac K. Knowlton, Frank O. Sands, 
Alonzo F. Sanborn, James Wrigley, Chas H Millett, Geo. O. Durgin, Thos B. 
Norris, John W. Farwell, Peter Morriscy, Richard Skelton, Chas A. Norcross, 
Milan Graves, H. H. Richardson, Daniel P. Atwood, M. T. Ludden, John 
Given. The first stated meeting was held December 30, 1868. The full list of 
officers is: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton, S. W. ; Fessenden I. 
Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, Treas.; C.A. Coombs, Sec; T. M. Varney, S. D. ; 
George I. Parker, J. D. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. S. ; T. H. Longley, J. S. ; Augus- 
tus Callahan, Chap. ; D. Harding, Tyler. The preliminary meetings were held 
in what are now the editorial rooms of the Lewiston Journal. Arrangements 
were soon made with Ashlar Lodge, and meetings held in the hall in the upper 
story of 27 Lisbon street. September 22, 1869, the lodge sent a contribution 
to the building fund of the Masonic Temple in Washington, D. C, and 
appointed a committee to arrange for the use of the new Masonic Hall, which 
they occupied January 1, 1870. February 9, 1870, a special communication 
was held to consecrate and constitute Rabboni Lodge, No. 150, and install its 
officers for the term. They were: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton, 
S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, T.; C. A. Coombs, S.; M. T. 
Ludden, Chap. April 20, 1870, the lodge accepted the act of incorporation of 
the Masonic Board of Trustees, and became parties to the contract. Septem- 
ber 28 occurred the installation of officers : A. K. P. Knowlton, W. M. ; F. I. 
Day, S. W.; T. M. Varney, J. W.; D. Cowan, Chap. ; C. A. Coombs, Sec. 
January 11, 1871, Charles O. Freeman was buried at Minot Corner with Masonic 
rites. April 12, 1871, E. H. C'ummings was chosen proxy for the lodge at the 
Grand Lodge. September 11, 1871, these officers were elected: A. K. P. 
Knowlton, W. M.; F. I. Day, S. W. ; G. I. Parker, J. W. ; Thomas Tash, T.; 
H. N. Emery, Sec; F. O. Sands, C. A. Coombs, Ai Brooks, Jr, Finance Com- 
mittee. October 31 a funeral was conducted, that of J. K. Piper. January 10, 
1872, Albert N. Tracy was buried, and F. O. Sands (a charter member, agent 
Lewiston Mills,) July 3, 1872. Annual election September 18, 1872. The 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 229 

new officers were : F. I. Da}^ W. M. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. W.; T. H. Longley, 
J. W. ; Thomas Tash, Treas. (superintendent of Lewiston schools); H. N. 
Emery, Sec. The officers elected September 10, 1873, were the same except 
H. E. Morriscy, chosen J. W. June 24 the lodge joined in the dedication 
services of the new Masonic Hall in Auburn. Officers for 1874-5: H. E. 
Morriscy, W. M. ; E. V. Daly, S. W. ; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; Cyrus Greely, 
Treas.; H. N.Emery, Sec; John Garner, Chaplain; Wm D. Pennell, Marshal; 
Fred Kelly, S. D.; Horace C. Little, J. D. Alba C. Nichols died at Lancaster, 
N. H., in November. September 15, 1875, were elected: George G. Hartwell, 
W. M.; E. V. Daly, S. W.; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N. 
Emery, Sec; Fessenden I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, L. E. Timberlake, Finance 
Committee; A. K. P. Knowlton, representative to the Grand Lodge. Septem- 
ber 6, 187(3, George G. Hartwell was chosen W. M. ; O. G. Douglass, S. W. ; 
Fred Kelly, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N. Emery, Sec. The finance com- 
mittee was continued. June 26, 1877, the funeral of I>ro. John Thompson was 
attended. September 26, 1877, were elected: Oscar G. Douglass, W. M.; Fred 
Kelly, S. W.; F. W. Parker, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; L. E. Timberlake, Sec 
The first public installation and banquet of the lodge occurred October 18, 
1877. December 26 the death of C. F. Ranks was reported. 

The officers elected in September, 1878, were: O. G. Douglass, W. M. ; Fred 
Kelly, S. W. ; F. W. Parker, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec ; 
F. I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, George G. Hartwell, Finance Committee. 
Installation November 13. June 21 assisted in laying the corner-stone of 
Trinity (Episcopal) Chapel, also voted to attend St John's Day celebration, 
at Portland, in full Masonic dress. Officers elected in 1879 and 1880 were : 
Fred Kelly, W. M. ; Frank W. Parker, S. W. ; Albert S. Plummer, J. W. ; 
C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec. H. H. Richardson, of Livermore, a 
charter member, and ex-city marshal of Lewiston, died in October, 1879. 
Nathan Woodbury was chaplain, and held the position, from 1880, for many 
years. In 1881 and 1882 the officers were: Frank W. Parker, W. M. ; 
A. S. Plummer, S. W. ; Frank L. Hoyt, J. W. ; V. Greely, Treas. ; Eugene 
E. Ham, Secretary. October 11, 1881, attended the funeral services of 
Rrother George A. Chandler. September 23 was buried M. T. Ludden, a 
charter member, a prominent lawyer, and ex-mayor of Lewiston. September 
19, 1883, were elected: Albert S. Plummer, W. M. ; F. L. Hoyt, S. W. ; C. 
V. Emerson, J. W. ; C. (Treely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec September 10, 1884, 
the same officers elected. November 2 attended the funeral of T. J. Ridley, 
of King David Lodge, Taunton, Mass. April 19, 1885, attended funeral of 
Wm F. Goulding ; July 25, 1885, that of Alonzo F. Sanborn. Officers elected 
in 1885 and in 1886 were: F. L. Hoyt, W. M.; C. V. Emerson, S. W. ; E. K. 
Smith, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; E. E. Ham, Sec; and November 3, 1885, 
occurred the second public installation of officers. December 30, 1886, a large 



230 History of Androscoggin County. 

number of members and visitors witnessed the conferring of the degrees 
upon Daniel H. Day by his father, M. W. Fessenden I. Day, Grand Master 
of the Grand Lodge of Maine, assisted by other officers of the Grand 
Lodge. April 10, 1887, David Cowan (a charter member, past master, a 
mayor of Lewiston) was buried with the honors of Masonry, M. W. Fes- 
senden I. Day, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, conducting the services. 
The officers elected in 1887 were: C. V. Emerson, W. M. ; E. K. Smith, S. W.; 
D. B. Stevens, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec. The next year no 
change occurred except G. F. Turner was chosen secretary. The third public 
installation occurred October 25, 1887. S. C. Wyman and Daniel Allen died 
in 1888. September 26 a contribution was made to the suffering brethren in 
Florida. Officers elected in 1889 and in 1890: E. K. Smith, W. M.; D. B. 
Stevens, S. W.; W. H. Judkins, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; George F. Turner, 
Sec; N. Woodbury, Chap. The lodge visited Portland June 24, 1890. 

This lodge, though young in years, lias a good record, and has many promi- 
nent citizens on its rolls. It has now (April 15, 1891,) a membership of 165, 
is prosperous, and owns its portion of Masonic Hall, which is paid for. During 
the last Masonic year it has admitted thirteen members, and conferred the 
third degree on 11 candidates. Kegular meetings are held Wednesday evening 
after the full moon. 

Kinfi Hiram Chapter, No. 9, R. A. M., Lewiston.'^ — In pursuance of a 
petition presented to Timothy Chase, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal 
Arch Chapter of Maine, signed by Comps. Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby, 
William White, Levi Bates, Albert H. Kelsey, George Moore, Samuel Soule, 
J. W. Littlefield, Samuel B. Hutchins, and Joseph Covell, a dispensation was 
granted November 28, 1854, instituting King Hiram Chapter. Alonzo Andrews 
Avas appointed Most Excellent High Priest; Thurston Libby, King; and 
William White, Scribe. At this time but eight chapters held charters in 
Maine, and but two had been constituted since 1829. These were at Portland, 
Brunswick, Wiscasset, Gardiner, Saco, Bangor, Belfast, and Rockland. The 
territorial limits of King Hiram Chapter extended north to Canada, west and 
south half way to Brunswick and Portland, and east to the jurisdiction of 
Gardiner. 

The first meeting of the new chapter was held December 15, 1854, at the 
house of Comp. Thurston Libby, in Lewiston, for organization. Comps. 
Andrews, Libby, White, Bates, Kelsey, Hutchins, and Covell were present, and 
the organization was perfected with these officers: M. E. Alonzo Andrews, H. 
P.; Thurston Libby, E. K. ; Wm White, E. S. ; A. H. Kelsey, Treas.; George 
Moore, C. H.; Levi Bates, P. S. ; S. B. Hutchins, R. A. C; Joseph Covell, 
M. 3d v.; Samuel Soule, M. 2d V.; J. W. Litchfield, M. 1st V. The chapter 
met December 22 at the office of the Bates corporation, where petitions for 

1 Chiefly condensed from the history written by George A. Callahan, P. H. P. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 231 

membership were received from Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, George 
Webb, Robert H. Hose, Jos. P. Gill, and John G. Cook, who were elected. 
The chapter was incorporated by the legislature March 1, 1855. January 19, 
1855, the first meeting was held in the hall of the DeWitt House, which was 
occupied until the one in Journal Block was leased in 1862. At this meeting 
the first work was done, Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Geo. Webb, 
Robert H. Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook being advanced to the 
degree of M. M. M. January 2(3 the P. M. degree was conferred, Bros. Reuel 
Washburn, Uriah Balkam, and Augustus Callahan being present as visitors. 
February 2 the M. M., P. M., and M. E. M, degrees were conferred, the first 
time the latter one was worked. February 16 the R. A. degree was first con- 
ferred, the candidates being Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H. 
Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook. 

The chapter asked for a charter, and June 15 the chapter was duly con- 
stituted by the Most Excellent Puissant General Grand High Priest of the 
General Grand Chapter of the United States, Robert P. Dunlap, under the 
charter granted May 3. At this meeting the following were elected members : 
Thomas C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H. Rose, Joseph P. Gill, George 
Webb, Geo. L. Drinkwater, Thomas F. Lamb, Robert Blacker, Samuel H. 
Wilson, Thomas A. D. Fessenden, Jacob Herrick, Wm Skelton, Geo. W. Chase, 
John G. Cook. These officers were elected: Alonzo Andrews, H. P.; Thurston 
Libby, K.; Joseph Co veil, S.; Joseph P. Gill, C. H. ; Augustus Callahan, P. S.; 
Thomas C. Upton, R. A. C; S. H. Wilson, M. 3d V.; Robert H. Rose, M. 2d 
v.; John G. Cook, M. 1st V.; A. H. Kelsey, Treas. ; Geo. L. Drinkwater, Sec; 
Robert Blacker, Chap.; T. A. D. Fessenden, S. S.; Thomas F. Lamb, J. S.; 
Geo. Webb, Tyler. 

June 6, 1856, the annual convocation was held. The chapter had now 
exalted 18 companions. During the second year four companions were exalted. 
At the annual session of the Grand Chapter, May 5, 1857, M. E. Alonzo 
Andrews was elected Deputy Grand High Priest, Comp. J. P. Gill Grand 
Captain of the Host, and Comp. Joseph Covell Grand Master of the 3d Vail. 
Li 1857 two valuable companions removed from Lewiston, Comp. Andrews, 
P. H. P., and C. C. Niebuhr, Sec. At the Grand Chapter in May, 1858, Comp. 
Joseph Covell was appointed Grand Master of the 3d V^ail, and Comp. J. P. 
Gill Grand Captain of the Host. March 18, 1859, the death of Comp. Wm 
White was announced, and the committee appointed to draft resolutions were 
also directed to prepare resolutions on the death of Comp. Alonzo Andrews, to 
whom was preeminently due the erection of King Hiram Chapter. January 6, 
1860, a preamble and resolutions in memory of the late M. E. Robert P. Dunlap 
was received from Mount Vernon R. A. Chapter of Portland, and appropriate 
action was taken. The chapter was represented at the Grand Chapter by 
A. Callahan, J. G. Cook, and I. E. Libby. Comp. Covell was made a member 



232 History of Androscoggin County. 



of the finance committee, chairman of committee on grievances and appeals, 
and Grand Master of the 3d Vail. Comp. A. Callahan was appointed on the 
committee on warrants and dispensations. 

October 26, 1860, it was voted to grant the use of the chapter rooms to 
Ashlar Lodge for six months, free of charge. February 22, 1861, the death of 
Isaac H. Weston was announced. At the Grand Chapter Comps. Gill, Libby, 
and Joseph Covell were present. June 24, 1862, the chapter participated in 
the Masonic Centennial celebration at Portland. July 22 a dispensation was 
granted to confer the degrees upon Colonel N. J. Jackson in less time than 
required by law. October 31 it voted to rent the hall in Journal Block in 
connection with Ashlar Lodge. January 30, 1863, a committee was appointed 
to revise the by-laws. May 29 the death of Comp. Alvarez V. Teague was 
announced. Comps. Gill and Thurston Libby represented the chapter in the 
Grand Chapter, and Comp. Covell was Grand Master of the 3d Vail and mem- 
ber of the finance committee. October 23, 1863, it was voted to grant the free 
use of the hall to Dunlap Council, R. & S. M. December 18 voted to purchase 
the organ with Ashlar Lodge. January 22, 1864, A. J. Fuller, D. G. H. P., 
officially visited the chapter and reported : 

This chapter is in fine condition and tlie work was well done ; it is well fitted 
with regalia, the officers appeared perfectly familiar with their several duties, and the 
revised work is strictly adhered to. This chapter is doing a fine work and making 
valuable acquisitions to its members. From the known ability of its officers its success 
is sure. 

March 18, 1864, the fees were raised from 't26 to 135. In the Grand Chap- 
ter, Comps. J. P. Gill and H. H. Dickey represented the chapter, while Comp. 
Covell was one of the grand officers. This year was one of great prosperity; 
14 members were admitted and 18 companions exalted. The finances were 
placed on a solid basis, which has continued to the present. The total mem- 
bership is 48. June 24, 1864, 26 membei-s represented the chapter at the 
Masonic celebration at Livermore Falls. January 13, 1865, voted to pay -^15 
towards a new altar. At the Grand Chapter convocation Comp. J. P. Gill was 
Grand R. A. Captain, Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. Covell 
elected member of finance committee. The Grand Hiffh Priest said in his 
address: "April 5 I officially visited King Hiram IL A. Chapter, Lewiston. It 
is in fine condition and the work was well done." This year 26 members were 
admitted. June 9, 1865, action was taken toward the establishment of a board 
of trustees or directors for the general business management of all the Masonic 
bodies in the city. The chapter was represented in the Grand Chapter by 
Comp. Aug. Callahan, H. P., appointed (irand Master of the 3d Vail p-o tern, 
Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. J. P. Gill, Grand Captain of 
the Host. This year 13 brothers received the M. M. degree, 11 passed the 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 233 

chair, 14 received and acknowledged M. E. M., and 14 exalted, 15 signed the 
by-laws, two were dimitted, and 1 deceased.^ 

July 6, 186G, the chapter donated $100 for the best interest of the Royal 
Arch Masons in Portland, sufferers of the late fire. At the session of the 
Grand Chapter, May, 1867, King Hiram Chapter had M. E. Wm J. Burnham, 
H. P.; H. H. Dickey, K.; A. L. Dresser, proxy for Scribe; Coinp. J. P. Gill 
was chosen Grand Scribe ; Comp. Burnham appointed Grand Chaplain, and 
Comp. Dickey appointed on Committee on Credentials. The number of 
members is now 90, 11 being received this year, three dimitted, and two 
deceased. Petitions being received from Bethel and South Paris, asking 
recommendations for the creation of R. A. charters at these places, in 
December, 1867, it was voted to recommend the granting of a dispensation to 
the petitioners from Bethel. At the yearly session of the Grand Chapter, Wm 
J. Burnham, T. M. Varney, D. Harden, and Jos. P. Gill, Grand Scribe, repre- 
sented King Hiram Chapter. J. P. Gill was elected D. G. H. P., and T. M. 
Varney appointed Grand Steward. The membership is now 102. 

Comp. Albert H, Small died July 28, 1868, "a valued and respected 
officer," and September 28 died Comp. T. A. D. Fessenden, one of the 
prominent members and a Mason of much influence. At the annual convoca- 
tion of the Grand Chapter were present: R. E. Joseph P. Gill, D. G. H. P. ; 
M.E.Theodore M. Varney, Grand Steward; Dennison Harden, King; and 
H. H. Dickey, proxy for Scribe. J. P. Gill was elected Grand High Priest. 
October 8, 1869, it was decided to place the funds of the chapter in the hands 
of the Board of Masonic Trustees. January 14, 1872, it was voted to 
purchase a photograph album and to request each member to furnish his 
photograph. M. E. J. P. Gill, G. H. P., presided over the Grand Chapter at 
the annual convocation, where Carlos Nudd represented this chapter. The 
G. H. P. reports: " King Hiram Chapter adds to its former reputation. Much 
to the credit of the presiding and all its officers, it can be said that it is in 
better working condition than ever before." The number of members is 117. 
During the year 24 petitions for degrees have been received, and one for 
membership, live petitions for degrees were rejected, 18 were advanced to the 
degree of M. M., 15 passed the chair, 16 were received as M. E. M., 15 ^Vere 
exalted, two died, and two were dimitted. 

November 11, 1870, the chapter granted consent to the formation of 
Androscoggin Chapter at Canton. February 10, 1871, M. E. Stephen J. 
Young, G. H. P., visited the chapter officially and witnessed work in the R. A. 
degree. April 11 the deaths of C'omps. Edw. Bisbee and Edw. G. Hawkes 
were announced. Clothing and paraphernalia of consideral)le expense were 

iComp. Joseph Covell died at Prince Edward Island, March 7, 1S6G, while American consul. He 
was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter at Augusta, about 1850. His zeal as a Royal Arch Mason was 
unwearied; and, though residing for several years fifty miles from his chapter, he seldom neglected to 
attend its regular meetings. He was elected High Priest of King Hiram Chapter in 1858. 



234 History of Androscoggin County. 

provided this year, enabling the degrees to be presented in a manner much 
superior to previous efforts. The chapter sent to the annual convocation of 
the Grand Chapter: Carlos Nudd, H. P.; C. A. Coombs, K.; and F. T. Faulkner, 
S. M. E. Carlos Nudd was appointed G. M. 1st V. The number of members 
is now 132. Comp. T. B. Rowell removed from Maine early in 1871, and 
Comp. David Cowan performed the duties of the G. of H. for the year. 
This year Comp. Thurston Libby, P. H. P., a charter member, died. Number 
of members, 134. In the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter this 
chapter had as members Comps. Isaac G. Curtis and Francis T. Faulkner. 
R. E. D. G. H. P. J. W. Ballou in his report says: 

I visited King Hiram Chapter aud witnessed the conferring of the Royal Arch degree 
in a very intelligent and creditable manner by the scribe, acting as high priest. By a 
combination of circumstances entirely unusual, the high priest had been called away to 
another state, and the king to a distant part of our own state, leaving the onerous work 
pertaining to the work and general management of the chapter to the scribe, Comp. 
Francis T. Faulkner. And while the companions of King Hiram Chapter cannot but 
deplore the loss of two such valuable officers as the high priest and king, still they may as 
well congratulate themselves upon their sagacity and good fortune in electing an officer so 
eminently fit for the important duties required of him as the present acting high priest. 

September 13, 1872, the chapter recommended the organization of Union 
Chapter at Mechanic Falls. The Grand King, R. E. Henry L, Paine, officially 
visited the chapter March 14, 1873. He reports witnessing " work in the R. 
A. degree, excellently well performed." At the annual convocation of the 
Grand Chapter M. E. F. T. Faulkner was appointed Grand Steward. Number of 
members, 144. June 13, 1873, thanks were voted to the retiring H. P. Comp. 
F. T. Faulkner " for the marked interest he has taken in the chapter, and the 
highly creditable manner in which he has performed the work and duties of the 
chair." Although residing 12 miles from Lewiston he was present at every 
convocation except one. December 12 the chapter was officially visited by 
Horace H. Burbank, G. IT. P. Work was done in the R. A. degree. Seventy- 
one companions were present, representing 12 chapters. In 1874 permission 
was asked for a chapter at Auburn, which was granted with a recommendation 
in favor thereof to the Grand Chapter. At the annual convocation of Grand 
Chapter Comp. G. A. Callahan was appointed G. M. of 1st V. pro frrn. Comp. 
F. T. Faulkner, (r. S., was present. This chapter was represented also by S. 
Stone and F. E. Sleeper. June 12, 1874, there were 140 members in the 
chapter. January 8, 1875, the chapter was visited officially by M. E. Horace 
H. Burbank, G. H. P., who reported: "In the presence of 95 members and 
visitors the officers of King Hiram Chapter exhibited excellent Royal Arch 
degree work. ... I am confident that no superior work can be presented in 
our jurisdiction." This year the chapter was represented by Comps. Geo. A. 
Callahan, H. P. ; A. W. Larrabee, proxy for K. ; F. E. Sleeper, S. Comp. F. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 235 

T. Faulkner was elected Grand Scribe, G. A. Callahan appointed Grand 
Steward, and Comps. R. E. Paine, E. P. Burnham, and G. A. Callahan were 
appointed on the standing committee on history. 

Twenty years' work under the charter expired with the annual convocation, 
June 11, 1875. Uninterrupted prosperity has marked the whole period. 
There are now 140 members, a noble hall, well fitted up, a good financial 
condition, and a harmony and interest in the work unexcelled by any chapter 
in the state. November 12 the revision and printing of the by-laws was 
ordered. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., and A. K. P. Knowlton, H. P., 
attended the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter. Frank E. Sleeper, 
K., was representative in 187(3 to the Grand Chapter and was made Grand 
Steward. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., was in attendance and chosen Grand 
King. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee attended the Grand Chapter 
in 1877, where Comp. Sleeper was reappointed G. S. During the year two 
brothers received the M., P., and M. E. M. degrees, three were exalted, one 
was dimitted, and one died; 139 members. A. Callahan, Wm J. Burnham, 
Wm D. Pennell, John Given, Geo. A Callahan were appointed a committee 
on history in 1878. At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter there 
were present Comps. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee. Comp. Sleeper was 
elected Grand Scribe. During the year two candidates received all the 
degrees and two were dimitted ; 140 members. The chapter was represented 
in the Grand Chapter, in 1879, by Comps. H. H. Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L. 
E. Timberlake. Comp. Sleeper was re-elected G. S. 

The first quarter of a century of the chapter under charter expired June 
11, 1880, when 143 were in active membership. During the past year three 
candidates received the degrees, one member died, and one was dimitted. At 
the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter were present Comps. H. H. 
Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L. E. Timberlake, and F. E. Sleeper. The annual con- 
vocation was held June 10, 1881. No work wa^ done during the past year; 
two petitions were received for degrees and one for membership; three were 
dimitted, and one, Augustus Callahan,' died; members, 141. The expense of 

iM. E. Augustus Callahan, P. H. P., died February 16, 1881. He was born in Andover, Mass., 
April 12, 1815, and resided there until 1847, when he removed to Lewiston. His business was woolen 
manufacturing, and he was accounted skillful. .January 19, 1848, he became a Mason in Tranquil 
Lodge. He was elected Worshipful Master in December, 184'.>, He occupied the East until January 
21, 1852, to the entire satisfaction of the lodge. January 11, 1854, he was again elected and occupied 
the East from that time until 1858. He was not a charter member of Ashlar Lodge, being away when 
it was constitiited, but became a member October 6, 1862. He was one of the first candidates in King 
Hiram Chapter, his petition being received at the first meeting. He was elected High Priest in 1859, 
18G0, and 1865. During a short residence in Vassalboro he dimitted, and was elected High Priest of 
Dunlap Chapter, at China, but again became a member of King Hiram Chapter on his return. He 
was an officer of the chapter from the first election until his death (with the exception of the time 
when dimitted), being chaplain and chairman of the finance committee at the time of decease. He 
was among the first members of Dunlap Council, and was Thrice Illustrious Master. He was one of 
the early members of Lewiston Commandery, Eminent Commander of that body in 1871, and later, 



236 History of Androscoggin County. 

the chapter in furnishing the Masonic hall, was #700. The chapter was repre- 
sented in the Grand Chapter by A. W. Larrabee, L. E. Timberlake, E. E. 
Pomeroy, and R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P. Annual convocation, June 
8, 1882. Seventeen candidates received the degrees in the past year and one 
was dimitted, making now 158 members. The Grand Chapter this year made 
Comp. H. E. Morriscy Grand Steward and re-elected F. E. Sleeper Grand High 
Priest. 

The year opened June 8, 1883, with 162 members. During the year M. E. F. E. 
Sleeper officiated as Grand High Priest with great satisfaction to the fraternity. 
He accomplished the revision of the ritual and its excellence must be largely 
attributed to him and his able assistant, Comp. A. W. Larrabee. M. E. F. E. 
Sleeper, G. H. P., presided at the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter in 
1884, and was re-elected ; Comp. A. W. Larrabee was G. C. of H.; C-omp. D. B. 
Stevens was G. M. of 3d Vail ; Comp. Larrabee was appointed Grand Lecturer, 
and Comp. Callahan Grand Steward. This year died Comp. H. H. Dickey, 
P. H. P.,'^ a most valued member and earnest and faithful worker, whose life 
and character gave emphasis to Masonic principles, and March 13, 1885, the 
chapter voted to act in conjunction with Ashlar Lodge in procuring crayon 
portraits of Comp. Augustus Callahan and Comp. H. H. Dickey, Past High 
Priests, for Masonic Hall. February 17, 1887, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D. 
G. H. 1^., made an official visit. This year died Comps. Samuel E. May, David 
Cowan, Charles D. Starbird. Deaths in 1888 : March 27, Daniel Allen ; 
August 5, Arthur Sands; September 3, Jacob B. Ham. Frank E. Severance 
also died, date not given. June 13, 1890, officers chosen : G. W. Furbush, 
H. P.; E. K. Smith, K.; W. F. Wood, S.; Wm J. Burnham, Treas.; John F. 
Putnam, Sec; A. M. Edwards, C. of H.; H. B. Warner, P. S.; Samuel Hib- 

Prelate. He received the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine, May 5, 1875, was a charter member 
of Eusebius Conclave, and was its presiding officer at his decease. He was a charter member of Lew- 
iston Lodge of Perfection, holding the highest office in 1879 and 1880. He was a member of the 
Cliapter of Rose Croix, Princes of Jerusalem, and Maine Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S. o2°. He 
was I). D. CJ. M. in IS-W, held varioiis offices and appointments in the Grand Bodies, but always declined 
high honors. As a ritualist he probably had no sup«!rior. His knowledge was comprehensive and 
exact, and his attainments in Masonic jurisprudence and history were profound and accurate. He 
was imbued with the whole spirit of Masonry, and his words and actions were governed by that 
benign intluence. He was a firm believer in the Christian religion, and a constant attendant upon 
divine service. Ife was buried with Masonic honors by Ashlar Lodge. 

2 Mr Dickey was born in Amherst, N. H., May 14, 181(1. He came to Lewiston in 1854, and com- 
menced business as a top-roll coverer in the basement of the Hill Mill. He afterward occupied a part 
of the red shop on Cross Canal, and then a fioor in Cowan's Mill. In ISOit he erected the shop on the 
river bank which has since l>een occupied by himself and sou William. He was school agent in the 
village district, while Lewiston was a town ; and in 1874 was mayor. He gave dignity to the office and 
an acceptable administration. He was a member of the Council of the Scottish rite of the 3."° of 
Masonry, and the only Mason in this vicinity who at that time had attained that distinction. Mr 
Dickey had been Master of Ashlar I>odge, High Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Master of Dunlap 
Council, Eminent Commander of Lewiston Commandery of Knights Templar, Junior Grand Warden 
and Grand Commander of the (Jrand Lodge of Maine, and Grand Commander of the Grand Com- 
mandery of Maine Knights Templar. He died in May, 1884. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 237 

bert, R. A. C; H. G. Ripley, M. 3d V.; W. H. Judkins, M. 2d V.; E. F. 

Scruton, M. 1st V. This year died Nathan W. Dutton, Sullivan C. Andrews, 
G. Henry Jackson. The number of members April 1, 1891, was 173. The 
High Priests from organization have been Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby, 
Joseph Covell, Augustus Callahan, J. P. Gill, Augustus Callahan, Wm J. 
Burnham, T. M. Varney, Carlos Nudd, Francis T. Faulkner, Geo. A. Callahan, 
A. K. P. Knowlton, Frank E. Sleejjer, Henry H. Dickey, H. E. Morriscy, Charles 
H. Jumper, A.S. Plummer, I). I>. Stevens, F. L. Hoyt, Albert Ring, Frank H. 
Johnson, H. A. Torsey, (j. W. Furbush. 

Diinlap Council, Wo. <S, Jlo//al <in(l Select Mnsfers, Lewiston, was instituted 
October 19, 1863, at Lewiston, Me, by M. I. Timothy J. Murray, Grand 
Puissant of the Grand Council of R. and S. Masons of the State of Maine, 
with the following charter members: Joseph Covell, William Atwood, (iordon 
R. Gardew, Augustus Callahan, 11. H. Dickey, Joseph P. Gill, Aurin L. Dresser, 
John G. Cook, Dorville J^ibby. The officers appointed at the first organization 
of the Council were: Augustus Callahan, T. 1. Master; H. H. Dickey, R. I. 
Master; and John G. Cook, I. Master. At the meeting on above mentioned 
date the degrees were conferred upon three candidates, viz.: Comps. Levi 
Bates, Oliver 11. Maxwell, and David Cowan. 

The membership of the Council now (March 16, 1891,) numbers 238. 
Present officers: Algernon M. ivoak, T. I. Master; Geo. A. Callahan, Dept. 
Master; Lionel O. Brackett, P. C-. of Work; Joseph II. Stetson, Treas.; John 

F. Putnam, Recorder; Henry A. Torsey, C. of Guard; Frank H. Johnson, C. 
of Council; Samuel Hibbert, Steward; Charles H. Jumper, Sentinel. The 
following are the living Past Thrice Illustrious Masters: Theodore M. Varney, 
Timothy B. Rowell, Warren E. Pressey, M. E. D. Bailey, Chas H. Jumper, 
Frank E. Sleeper, Chas E. Libby, Wm J. Burrdiam, Albert W. Larrabee, 
Archie L. Talbot, Albert M. Penley, Albert S. Plummer, Frank L. Hoyt. 

Lewiston Commandery, No. 6\ KniyJits Templar was opened under a dispen- 
sation by Grand Commander Timothy J. Murray, granted December 17, 1864, to 
Freeman Bradford, H. H. Dickey, S. D. Wakefield, Aurin L. Dresser, John 

G. Cook, T. M. Varney, Jos. Pearson Gill, A. B. Jones, F. I. Day, Geo. W. 
Garcelon, Wm J. Burnham, Jos. Covell, M. E. D. Bailey, David Cowan. 
Sir Henry H. Dickey was appointed Eminent Commander, Sir Joseph P. Gill, 
Generallissimo, and Sir David Cowan, Captain-General. January 12, 1865, 
Sir Knight Freeman Bradford was appointed Prelate and Seth D. Wakefield, 
Recorder. January 19 these appointments were made: Theodore M. Varney, 
S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Wm J. Burnham, Treas.; Augustus B. 
Jones, Sw. B.; Aurin L. Dresser, St. B.; M. E. D. Bailey, W. ; Robert M. 
Sykes, C. of G. The commandery was first officially visited by R. E. Timothy 
J. Murray, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, April 27. 
The first election of officers occurred November 30, when were chosen: H. H. 



238 History of Androscoggin County. 

Dickey, E. C; Wm J. Burnhain, Gen.; Augustus (Callahan, C. G.; Freeman 
Bradford, Prelate ; David Cowan, Treas.; Seth D. Wakefield, Recorder; T. M. 
Variiey, S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W. At this conclave Lev^iston Com- 
niandery was constituted by Sir Moses Dodge, D. G. Commander of the Grand 
Commandery of Maine, assisted by Sir Knight Chas F. King as Grand Marshal, 
after which the officers were installed. Sir Knight I. H. Maxwell was 
appohited St. B. December 28, and Sir Knights A. Callahan and Jos. P. Gill 
appointed Trustees. July 4, 1860, a special conclave was held, which was 
visited by a large delegation of Maine Commandery. March 2(3, 18(58, there 
were 37 members. September 30, 1868, attended the funeral of Sir Knight 
Thomas A. D. Fessenden. August 24, 1869, the commandery attended the 
yearly parade and encampment at Cushing's Island. April 7, 1870, the 
commandery was officially visited by R. E. C. H. McClellan, Grand Commander, 
and H. H. Dickey, (xrand Generallissimo, who installed the officers elect. 
September 27 the commandery went to Lisbon Falls to aid in constituting 
Ancient York Lodge. Edw. Bisbee died March 20, 1871. August 7 attended 
the funeral of P. G. C. Abner Thompson at Brunswick and assisted in escort 
duty. In the year ending March 26, 1874, 17 members were admitted, making 
the membership 96. May 28, 1874, accepted an invitation from Tranquil 
Iwodge of Auburn to perform escort duty at the dedication of its new hall 
June 24. March 23, 1876, 113 members were reported. February 22, 1877, 
R. E. Seth C. Gordon, Grand Commander, officially visited the commandery 
and complimented it highly, and stated that he had never visited a command- 
ery before where the 17 officers were all present and in their places. 
April 26 the retiring commander. Sir Francis T. Faulkner, was presented with 
an elegant gold Past Eminent Commander's jewel. April 18 an official visit 
was made by R. E. John Bird, Grand C. G. G. Commander of Maine, who 
said that the manner in which the work was done gave him great pleasure, 
and that it had been done as nearly correct as by any commandery he had 
visited. Forty-eight Knights marched out of Masonic Hall Memorial Day, 

1878, in a pouring rain to do escort duty for the Grand Army. July 4 the 
commandery did escort duty for the Lewiston City Government. April 10, 

1879, R. E. J. H. Drummond made an official visit, and spoke words of praise 
find encouragement. May 22 accepted an invitation from Belfast Freemasons 
to assist in the dedication of their new hall July 4. One hundred and thirty- 
one members reported March 25, 1880. September 26, 1880, attended the 
memorial services of President Garfield, at City Hall. R. E. Edward P. 
Burnham, Grand Commander of Maine, and a large delegation from Dunlap 
Commandery, visited the commandery December 8, 1881. 

October 26, 1882, a petition was received from Knights Templar residing 
in Auburn and vicinity, asking permission to form a commandery at Auburn, 
which was not favored. April 5, 1883, commandery was officially visited by 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 239 

R. E. Charles B. Morton, Grand Captain General of the Grand Commandery. 
June 7 was a gala day. A special conclave was held, and R. E. Sir Isaac S. 
Bangs, of Waterville, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, 
was present as a guest and installed the officers-elect in a public instaUation. 
The ceremonies were interspersed with vocal and instrumental music of a high 
order, and readings by Mrs J. 'i\ Waterhouse, of Boston. Afterwards a 
banquet was served, followed by one of the most elegant society entertainments 
ever given in the state. March 20, 18<S4, V. E. John O. Shaw, D. G. Com- 
mander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, made an official visit. He was 
accompanied by large delegations from Maine Commandery No. 1, of Gardiner, 
Portland Commandery No. 2, Portland, Bradford Commandery No. 4, Bidde- 
ford, Dunlap Commandery No. 5, Bath, Trinity Commandery No. 7, Augusta, 
St Alban Commandery No. 8, of Portland, Claremont Commander}^ No. 9, 
Rockland, and St Omer Commandery No. 12, Waterville. There were 64 
visitors present. April 15, 36 Knights visited Dunlap Commandery No. 5, 
Bath. June 2 an order was issued by the Grand Commander ordering, as a 
tribute of respect to the memory of R. E. Sir Henry H. Dickey, P. G. C. of the 
Grand Commandery, that the asylum of each subordinate commandery in this 
grand jurisdiction be draped in mourning for 60 days. June 23 and 24 a 
pilgrimage was made to Lake Winnipesaukee and Dover, N. H. Number of 
members reported March 26, 1885, was 175. May 28 Past Commander Wm 
J. Burnham was installed into the office of Grand Senior Warden of the 
Grand Commandery of Maine, by E. C. Frank E. Sleeper. July 7 a special 
conclave was held to extend a complimentary escort and banquet to St 
Alban Commandery No. 8, of Portland. November 26 an invitation was 
received from the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United 
States for this commandery to assist in escorting the Grand Encampment at its 
Twenty-third Triennial Conclave at St Louis in September. Caleb Blake and 
Alonzo F. Sanborn have died this year. 

January 7, 1886, E. G. C. G. Joseph Y. Hodsdon made an official visit, 
escorted by Portland, Dunlap, and St Alban commanderies. During this 
conclave E. S. Albro E. Chase, on behalf of the Knights of St Alban 
Commandery, presented Lewiston Commandery with an elegantly engraved 
memorial as a token of appreciation of Knightly courtesies extended them 
and their ladies on July 7. April 10, 1887, attended the obsequies of the late 
Prelate David Cowan, who died April 6. Among the visitors. May 19, were 
E. I. Garfield, P. G. Commander of Michigan and Past Commander of Detroit. 
February 2, 1888, number of members reported, 106. April 5 R. E. Wm J. 
Burnham, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Maine, returned 
thanks, in behalf of himself and suite, for the recent reception tendered them 
by this commandery at City Hall. June 22 entertained St Johns Commandery 
of Bangor, and escorted them to Poland Springs. Sir Knights Arthur Sands 



240 History of Androscoggin County. 



and Rodney F. Foss died in 1888. January 17, 1889, official visit, as 
inspecting officer, of V. E. Sir Edwin M. Fuller, D. G. C. of the Grand 
Commandery. He was accompanied by his suite and distinguished Knights 
from various commanderies. Sir Knight Daniel M. Teague died December 9. 
January 28, 1890, R. E. Joseph A. Locke, G. C. of the Grand Commandery, 
accompanied by liis suite and prominent Knights of Dunlap, Portland, and 
St Alban commanderies, made an official visit of inspection. Two hundred 
and thirteen members were reported February H. February 27 Past E. C. 
Alo"ernon M. Roak was presented with a Past Commander's jewel as a token 
of appreciation of his services. September 4 procured a testimonial to be 
presented to De Molay Commandery. January 15, 1891, inspecting officer, 
I\. E. Sir Edwin M. Fuller, G. C, visited the commandery with his suite. 
February 5 accepted an invitation from Sir Knight C. A. Hayden to attend, in 
a body, divine service at Elm Street Church, Auburn, on Easter Sunday. 

The commanders have been: Henry H. Dickey, 1865-1868; William J. 
Burnham, 1868-1870 ; Augustus Callahan, 1870-1871 ; David Cowan, 1871- 
1872; Fessenden I. Day, 1872-1874; Frank T. Faulkner, 1874-1877 ; George 
S. Woodman, 1877-1878; Theodore M. Varney, 1878-1880; Charles H. Jumper, 
1880-1882; Albert M. Penley, 1882-1884; Frank E. Sleeper, 1884-1886; 
William F. Wood, 1880-1888; Algernon M. Roak, 1888-1890; Danville IJ. 
Stevens, present commander. The recorders have been : Seth I). Wakefield 
until April, 1868; George S. Woodman until April, 1869; F. O. Sands elected 
April, 1870; M. E. D. Bailey elected March, 1872; Jol)n F. Putnam elected 
March, 1873 ; F. I. Day elected March, 1874 ; Horace C. Little elected March, 
1883. The treasurers have been : Wm J. Burnham until November 16, 1865, 
when David C'owan was elected. George H. Nye was chosen March 28, 1867 ; 
he left the city, and July 25, 1867, John W. Farwell was appointed and held 
the office until April 7, 1870, when Wm J. Burnham was elected. The officers 
for 1891 are: Danville B. Stevens, E. C. ; W. Freeman Lord, G.; Charles E. 
Libby, C. G. ; Fessenden L Day, P. ; Elbridge G. Heath, S. W. ; Albert S. 
Plummer, J. W. ; Wm J. Burnham, Treas. ; Horace C. Little, R. ; Lavater O. 
Morse, St. B. ; Frank H. Johnson, Sw. B. ; Samuel Hibbert, W. ; Henry L. Has- 
kell, 3d G.; Roscoe E. Atwood, 2d G. ; Eben W. Dresser, 1st G. ; Charles H. 
Jumper, S. The stated conclaves are held in Masonic Hall on the first Thurs- 
day of each month ; the annual conclaves in February. This commandery 
has had a brilliant and prosperous existence, and never were its prospects 
better for a long term of activity and usefulness. The number of members 
at last report was 231. 

Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. Rite, was organized January 27, 
1876, under a dispensation granted by the Supreme Council, January 19, 1876, 
to Henry Holden Dickey, Fessenden Irving Day, Augustus Callahan, Joseph 
Harvey Stetson, David Cowan, George Stoves Follensbee, Francis Thomas 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 241 

Faulkner, John W. Ballon, Charles Albert Coombs, William Jackson Burn- 
ham, and Theodore Murray Varney. The first officers elected were : Wm J. 
Burnham, T. P. G. Master; F. I. Day, D. G. M. ; Augustus Callahan, V. S. G. 
Warden; F. T. Faulkner, V. J. G. W.; H. H. Dickey, G. Orator; Joseph H. 
Stetson, G. Treas. and Sec. ; T. M. Varney, G. M. of C. ; Geo. S. Follensbee, 
G. C. of G. ; David Cowan, G. Hospitaler; John W. Ballou, G. Tyler. Wm 
J. Burnham was T. P. G, Master from January 27, 1876, to February, 1(S7H; 
Augustus Callahan from February, 1878, to February, 1879; Fessenden I. Day 
from February, 1879, to February, 1883; T. M. Varney from February, 1883, 
to February, 1885; Charles H. Jumper from February, 1885, to February, 1887 ; 
A. M, Penley from February, 1887, to February, 1889; F. F^. Sleeper from Feb- 
ruary, 1889, to February, 1891, when the present officers were elected: Elbridge 
G. Heath, T. P. (J. Master; Charles E. Libby, D. G. M.; Wm F. Wood, V. S. 
G. Warden; A. M. Roak, V. J. G. W.; Wm F. Lord, G. Orator; Joseph H. 
Stetson, G. Treas.; John Garner, G. Sec; James T. Tarbox, G. M. of C; F. 
H. Johnson, G. C. of G. ; Samuel Hibbert, G. Hospitaler; C. H. Jumper, G. 
Tyler. Joseph H. Stetson has been G. Treasurer ever since its organization; 
John Garner G. Secretavy since February, 1883. There were 105 members. 
May 1, 1891. 

Tyrian Lodye., No. 73,' F. tf A. M., Mechanic Falls. — A dispensation was 
granted by G. M. John C. Humphrey, January 21, 1853, to Geo. Moore, Daniel 
W. True, Nathaniel Bray, Augustus Golderman, George Hathaway, Josiah 
Carr, and Samuel Atwood, to open and hold a Freemason's lodge to be known 
as Fraternal Lodge; George Moore was named as first Master, D. W. True as 
Senior Warden, Nathaniel Bray as Junior Warden. The first meeting U. D. 
was held January 24, 1853, with the original members all present and two 
visitors. Bros. True, Carr, and Moore were chosen to draft by-laws which 
were reported and adopted January 27. These are preserved and show a clear 
knowledge of Masonic and parliamentary law on the part of the framers. At 
this meeting five applications were received. February 10, at the sixth 
communication, Ellis D. Moore was initiated and "passed." He is now the 
oldest Mason of the lodge. The next oldest is Lorenzo Edgecorab, initiated 
and "passed" March 17. Fraternal Lodge held but 19 communications, for 
when a charter was granted. May 10, 1853, it was to Tyrian Lodge, No. 78, 
with rank of precedence from January 1, 1853. The meetings U. D., and 
until the fitting up of the hall now occupied, were in Moore's Hall, in Minot. 
June 18, 1853, M. W. G. M. Freeman Bradford opened a grand lodge in the 
building in which the lodge held its meetings, and proceeding to the hall 
consecrated Tyrian Lodge and installed its officers. They were George Moore, 
W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; D. P. Atwood, J. W.; Josiah Carr, Treas.; 
A. Golderman, Sec; and subordinates. Twenty-two Masons were made 
during the year. The officers elected for 1854 were those of 1853, with W. F. 



242 History of Androscoggin County. 



Milliken secretary in place of Golderman. Nine Masons were made during 
the year and two diniitted. Seven received the third degree in 1855, and the 
officers elected were D. P. Atwood, W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; Clement 
Phinney, J. W.; Josiah Carr, Treas. ; W. F. Milliken, Sec. June 24 occurred 
the first expulsion from the lodge. In 1856 four were made Masons and two 
dimitted. D. P. Atwood was W. M.; S. B. Hutchins, S. W.; Josiah Carr, 
J. W.; Tristram Durell, Treas.; W. W. Knight, Sec. This year died Nathaniel 
Bray, May 29,^ and Otis Waterhouse, October 12.^ 

The elective officers for 1857 and 1858 were: Josiah Carr, W. M.; Augus- 
tus Golderman, S. W.; A. P. Lamb, J. W. ; T. Durell, Treas.; O. B. Dwinal, 
Sec. Eight Masons were made and one added by dimit in 1857, and five were 
added in 1858 and one dimitted. January 28, 1858, a large Bible, square, and 
compasses for altar service, were presented to the lodge by the ladies of Poland 
and Minot interested in its welfare. In 1859 three were initiated. The officers 
in 1859 were: Augustus Golderman, W. M.; A. P. Lamb, S. W. ; C. D. 
Hackett, J. W.; W. C. Dwinal, Treas.; E. G. Hawkes, Sec. In 1860 the same, 
except treasurer, D. P. Atwood, being chosen. This year a public installation 
was held and a banquet followed, enjoyed by many. Five were initiated, 
passed, and raised this year. 1861 — the same officers were chosen. Eleven 
were made Masons, one dimitted, and one (John Stinchfield) died. The lodge 
was incorporated this year by legislative enactment. 1862 — Alonzo P. Lamb, 
W. M.; C. D. Hackett, S. W.; J. M. Eveleth, J. W.; D. P. Atwood, Treas.; 
E. G. Hawkes, Sec. June 24 attended the centennial celebration of the intro- 
duction of Masonry into Maine, held at Portland. Four were made Masons 
this year, and eight in 1863. In 1863 C. D. Hackett was W. M.; John M. 
Eveleth, S. W.; G. W. Seaverns, J. W.; same secretary and treasurer. Bro. 
Burbank Spiller was buried with Masonic honors April 15. Enlisting in the 
Fifth Maine in the spring of 1861 he rose rapidly from private to a captaincy, 
and died from disease contracted in service. 1864 — J. M. Eveleth, W. M. ; 
G. W. Seaverns, S. W. ; F. H. Cobb, J. W.; A. T. Denison, Treas.; E. G. 
Hawkes, Sec, with other officers were publicly installed. Twenty-five were 
initiated this year and three died — Levi Verrill, Willard W. Woodman, 
Charles W. Jordan. 1865 — elective officers, except secretary, same as 1864. 
W. C. Dwinal now assumes the pen. August 12 was buried Bro. Mark D. 
Curtis, and September 15 Augustus B. Dwinal.^ Twenty-seven were made this 

1 Brother Bray was made a Mason in Cumberlaud Lodge January 20, 1826, was a charter member of 
Tyrian Lodge, a worthy and faithful brother. 

-Brother Waterhouse was son of Benjamin Waterhouse, and was born in Poland in 1831. Educated 
by his own efforts, he bcseame a successful teacher, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1856. 
He gave promise of a brilliant career. 

s He was son of Alexander Dwinal of Minot. Instead of entering college, for which he fitted, he 
was one of the first to enlist as a Union soldier, was promoted to lieutenant and wounded, from the 
effects of which he died. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 243 

year. 1866— E. G. Hawkes, W. M.; P. R. Cobb, S. W. ; Geo. W. Slioles, J. 
W. ; G. W. Seaverns, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. Eight were initiated, 
passed, and raised. 1867 — Prescott R. Cobb, W. M.; G. W. Sholes, S. W. ; 
H. B. King, J. W.; S. G. Spurr, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. Fourteen joined 
this year by election and initiation. 1868 — P. R. Cobb, W. M.; G. W. Sholes, 
S. W.; E. F. Ross, J. W.; S. G. Spurr, Treas.; W. G. Millett, Sec. This year 
were buried Bros. W. C. Dwinal^ and Simeon W. Hawkes. 1869 — Geo. W. 
Sholes, VV. M.; E. F. Ross, S. W.; D. B. Perry, J. W. ; F. H. Cobb, Treas.; 
E. A. Gammon, Sec. Ten Masons were made and one (William Cousens) 
buried this year. 1870 — E. F. Ross, W. M. ; D. B. Perry, S. W.; C. H. 
Dwinal, J. W. ; John Richardson, Treas. ; E. A. Gammon, Sec. February 10 
a Masonic Board of Trustees having been incorporated, the lodge voted to 
surrender its civil charter and transfer its funds to the treasurer of the board 
of trustees. Bro. Samuel Atwood, a charter member and a Mason since 1815, 
died February 10, aged 82. By this time 179 members have been admitted. 

So far we have followed the manuscript history prepared for the Grand 
Lodge. November 30 Past Master Dimon B. Perry presented the lodge with 
large photographs of all Past Masters. These hang on the walls of the lodge 
room in substantial frames, and from this year it has been an unwritten law of 
the lodge that each Master shall add his framed photograph to the number. 
Nine were made Masons this year, four dimitted, one died. In 1871 Edward 
Ross was W. M. ; D. B. Perry, S. W.; C. H. Dwinal, J. W.; John Richardson, 
Treas.; F. C. Whitehouse, Sec. In 1872, 1873, 1874, Dimon B. Perry, W. M. ; 
Hiram B. King, S. W. ; J. Richardson, J. W.; F. C. Whitehouse, Treas.; J. S. 
Merrill, Sec. February 1, 1872, was held the first meeting of Tyrian Lodge in 
its present well-arranged and convenient hall in Denison Block, Poland, when 
the lodge room was dedicated under the auspices of the Grand Lodge, repre- 
sented by M. W. Henry H. Dickey, P. G. M., who publicly installed the 
officers. October 9, 1873, the lodge assisted in constituting Union R. A. 
Chapter. Thirty-seven were initiated, 11 dimitted, and seven died in these 
three years. 1875 — H. B. King was W. M.; J. Richardson, S. W. ; E. F. 
Stevens, J. W.; A. J. Weston, Treas.; T. S. Turner, Sec. In 1876, J. Rich- 
ardson, W. M. ; E. F. Stevens, S. W.; C. E. Stoddard, J. W. ; A. J. Weston, 
Treas.; H. C. Bray, Sec. April 6, 1876, the time of the annual meeting was 
changed from January to October. In 1877, J. Richardson, W. M.; E. F. 
Stevens, S. W.; John F. Briggs, J. W.; A. J. Weston, Treas.; E. F. Edge- 
comb, Sec. 1878-1879 — E. F. Stevens, W. M. ; J. M. Libby, S. W. ; H. N. 
Whittle, J. W.; A.J. Weston, Treas.; E. F. Edgecomb, Sec. 1880 — Jesse M. 
Libby, W. M ; H. M. Whittle, S. W.; Charles H. Adams, J. W.; A. J. Weston, 
Treas.; E. F. Edgecomb, Sec. 1881 — same officers as 1880 except James H. 

iWinfield C. Dwinal, son of Jacob. He was prominent in Minot business affairs, was a mercliant 
aud paper manufacturer, and later a member of the mercantile house of D. W. True & Co., of Portland. 



244 History of Androscoggin County. 

Harper is J. W. 1882— H. N. Whittle, W. M. ; John F. Briggs, S. W.; Hollis 

C. Bray, J. W.; I). B. Perry, Treas. (which office he has since held); E. F. 
Edgecomb, Sec. 1883 — H. N. Whittle, W. M.; H. C. Bray, S. W.; D. R. 
Greenwood, J. W. ; C. E. Stoddard, Sec. 1884— H. C. Bray, W. M.; E. F. 
Edgecomb, S. W.; J. H. King, J. W.; C. E. Stoddard, Sec. 1885, 1886— E. 
F. Edgecomb, W. M.; J. H. King, S. W.; Thos. B. Davis, J. W.; E. F. Ross, 
Sec. 1887, 1888 — J. H. Kifig, W. M.; F. R. Harmon, S. W. ; H. E. Dennen, 
J. W.; O. H. Guptill, Sec. 1889 — Frank R. Harmon, W. M.; H. E. Dennen, 
S. W.; T. B. Davis, J. W. ; O. H. Guptill, Sec. 1890— F. R. Harmon, W. 
H. E. Dennen, S. W. ; J. H. DeCoster, J. W. ; P. R. Cobb, Sec. 1891 — H. E. 
Dennen, W. M. ; O. H. Guptill, S. W. ; F. O. Purington, J. W.; D. B. Perry, 
Treas. ; F. C. Bucknam, Sec. 

Tyrian I^odge has had a most prosperous existence. Twelve candidates 
have been initiated this year, and the membership in March, 1891, was 201. 
The lodge has an invested fund of 't2,300, owns the furnishings and finishings 
of its hall, which was fitted up by the lodge. Many pleasant things have 
occurred to strengthen the bonds of fraternity, and one incident shows the 
far-extending, watchful care of the brotherhood. A letter was received by the 
secretary from W. M. James Smith, of Monumental Lodge of Baltimore, under 
date of July 31, 1804, stating that several trunks had been picked up at sea 
off Cape Henry, and on opening them in one was found a diploina purporting 
to belong to Frank M. Cobb, a member of this lodge, and the letter was written 
to give him, or members of his family, notice that the trunk was safely cared 
for and requesting orders for its disposition. The work of this lodge has ever 
been complimented highl}^ by the visiting officers of the Grand Lodge, and its 
record stands second to none in its district, and the attendance has always been 
large. But few have held office in the Grand Lodge: Daniel P. Atwood in 
1857 and 1861, John M. Eveleth in 1871, Dimon B. Perry in 1876, Edward F. 
Stevens in 1881 and 1882 have been District Deputy Grand Masters, and E. F. 
Edgecomb was a member of the standing committee on returns of the Grand 
Lodge in 1886 and 1887. Daniel W. True and W. F. Milliken, made Masons 
in this lodge, later became prominent business men of Portland. The lodge 
has a select library of several hundred volumes. 

Union Moijul Arch Chapter, JSfo. 36, Merhanic Falls. — In 1872, ninth 
month, twenty-sixth day, G. H. P. John W. Ballou granted to J. M. Eveleth, 

D. B. Perry, C. H. Dwinal, J. L. Tenney, Josiah Carr, A. Golderman, D. H. 
McCann, Adna T. Denison, E. F. Stevens, W. B. Bucknam, S. G. Hatch, F. 

E. Crockett, A. O. Noyes, M. M. Fuller, Calvin E. Evans, H. D. Smith, S. 

F. Sargent, George Moore, Zenas Thompson, John Hooper, W. G. Lowell, 
Luther Perkins, D. S. Perkins, Mark Crockett, Ceylon Watson, and George E. 
Hawkes, a dispensation for a chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Mechanic Falls. 
J. M. Eveleth was appointed H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; and D. B. Perry, S. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies, 245 

The chapter held its first meeting October 8, 1872. The charter was granted 
May 7, 1873. The charter members were D. B. Perry, E. F. Stevens, J. L. 
Tenney, Josiah Carr, A. Golderman, D. N. McCann, G. E. Hawkes, Mark 
Crockett, C. H. Dwinal, A. T. Denison, W. G. Lowell, W. B. Bucknam, A. 
Oscar Noyes, Fred E. Crockett, David G. Millett, S. G. Hatch, L. B. Weeks, 
C. F. Durell, J. M. Eveleth, George Moore, Zenas Thompson, Luther Perkins, 
H. D. Smith, James S. Merrill, Wm H. Pierce, Thos S. Turner, Geo. H. 
Butler, Moses S. Jordan, Jeffrey Parsons, Geo. W. Hobbs, Charles A. Pierce, 
Albert E. Sawyer, Hiram B. King. G. H. P. Horace H. Burbank constituted 
the chapter October 9, 1873, and these officers were installed: J. M. Eveleth, 
H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; D. B. Perry, S.; W. B. Bucknam, Treas.; C. H. 
Dwinal, Sec; Zenas Thompson, Chap.; D. N. McCann, C. H.; A. T. Denison, 
P. S.; H. B. King, R. A. C; J. L. Tenney, M. 3d V.; J. S. Merrill, M. 2d V.; 
S. H. Hutchinson, M. 1st V.; Charles A. Pierce, Sent. Officers for 1874: J. 
M. Eveleth, H. P.; E. F. Stevens, K.; D. B. Perry, S.; W. B. Bucknam, 
Treas.; C. H. Dwinal, Sec; 1875 — E. F. Stevens, H. P.; D. B.Perry, K.; 
Thomas S. Turner, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; Hollis C. Bray, Sec; 1876 — 
E. F. Stevens, H. P.; P. R. Cobb, K.; J. S. Merrill, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; 
J. E. Adams, Sec; 1877 — E. F. Stevens, H. P.; P. R. Cobb, K.; S. H. 
Hutchinson, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; J. S. Merrill, Sec; 1878 — P. R. Cobb, 
H. P.; J. M. Eveleth, K.; J. F. Briggs, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; J. S. 
Merrill, Sec; 1879-1880 — P. R. Cobb, H. P.; J. F. Briggs, K.; W. Waters, 
S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; E. F. Stevens, Sec; 1881 — J. F. Briggs, H. P.; 
Wm Waters, K.; H. C. Bray, S.; C. H. Dwinal, Treas.; E. F. Stevens, 
Sec John F. Briggs, H. P., was buried with Masonic honors March 15, 
1882. A dispensation was given this year changing the place of meeting to 
Norway, and in 1883 that place was continued as the home of the chapter. 

Nezinscof Ludf/e, JVo. 101, Turner. — In 1859 several members of the 
Masonic fraternity, residing in this town, desiring more of the benefits of the 
order than could be given by the lodges to which they held allegiance 
conceived the idea of a lodge in I'nruer, which was fostered by informal 
meetings held in the law office of M. T. Ludden, and culminated in a petition 
to the Grand Lodge for a dispensation signed by Geo. W. Turner, Hira 
Bradford, H. M. Mayo, Philo (lark, Seth D. Andrews, Deering Farrar, F. M. 
Mayo, M. T. Ludden, Wm Bray, Henry Turner, Chas E. Bradford, Gilbert 
Phillips, Rufus Prince, Lewis A. Farrar. Tliey were vouched for "by lYanquil 
Lodge of Danville," and the petition was countersigned by R. W. Augustus 
Callahan, D. D. G. M. of the second Masonic district. 

A dispensation was granted March 1, 1860, and the first regular communi- 
cation was held at Masonic Hall, March 3, 1860. There were present Geo. W. 
Turner, W. M. ; Seth D. Andrews, S. W. ; Horatio M. Mayo, J. W. — the 
officers named in the dispensation, and these brethren, Hira Bradford, Deering 



246 History of Androscoggin County. 

Farrar, Lewis A. Farrar, F. M. Mayo, M. T. Ludden, Hufus Prince, Charles 
E. Bradford, Henry Turner, Gilbert Phillips. Deering Farrar was chosen 
treasurer; Kufus Prince, Sec; C. E. Bradford, S. D. ; H. Turner, J. D. ; 
G. Phillips, S. S.; F. M. Mayo, J. S. ; Philo Clark, M.; M. T. Ludden, Tyler. 
Five petitions for membership were presented and the new lodge started under 
very favorable auspices. June 2, 1860, occurred the first election of officers: 
G. W. Turner, W. M.; S. D. Andrews, S. W.; H. M. Mayo, J. W. ; D. Farrar, 
Treas.; Kufus Prince, Sec. June 23 was a great day for the new lodge. A 
past master's lodge was opened by M. W. Josiah H. Drummond, Grand 
Master, W. M. ; M. W. Keuel Washburn, S. W.; Joseph Covell, J. W.; other 
officers of the Grand Lodge filling the other stations. The degree of past 
master was then conferred on G. W. Turner, the master-elect, after which the 
Grand Lodge officers "consecrated, constituted, and dedicated Nezinscot 
Lodge in ample form," and the officers were publicly installed in the Baptist 
church. June 26, 1861, were elected Geo. W. Turner, W. M.; S. D. 
Andrews, S. W. ; Silas Morse, J. W. ; D. Farrar, Treas. ; 11. Prince, Sec. ; 
M. T. Ludden, S. S.; H. Turner, J. D. December 14 a contribution was sent 
to the erection fund of the Dunlap monument. In 1862 the officers of 1861 
were re-elected. The celebration of the anniversary of the introduction of 
Masonry into Maine, held at Portland, June 24, was attended as a lodge. 
January 3, 1863, a committee was chosen " to procure a legislative charter. " 
January 24, Masonic rites were held in memory of Thomas W. Davis, who died 
in the army. June 17 Hira Bradford's funeral services were conducted. 
June 27, 1863, elected Seth D. Andrews, W. M.; Charles E. Bradford, S. W.; 
M. T. Ludden, J. W.; Phillips Bradford, Treas.; Jas. P. Waterman, Sec; 
H. C. Haskell, S. D.; Eland Fuller, J. D. July 25 officers installed by R. W. 
D. D. G. M. Joseph P. Gill. August 12 the burial services of Gen. Alden 
Blossom were attended. April 16, 1864, G. W. Turner was chosen rep- 
resentative to the Grand Lodge. May 21 voted to attend the celebration 
of St John's day to be held at Livermore Falls. June 8 a special meeting 
was held at the house of Timothy Pratt to bury Major Archibald D. Leavitt 
with Masonic honors. Charles E. Bradford was W. M. this year. 

Up to this period much good material had been incorporated into the lodge. 
October 11 the funeral services of Bro. W. H. Torrey, "died in battle," were held. 
November 15 the funeral of Bro. W. M. Bridgham was attended. Officers, 
18(55 : M. T. Ludden, W. M. ; L. P. Bradford, S. W. ; Thomas W. Bowman, 
J. W.; F. T. Faulkner, Treas.; J. B. Waterman, Sec; Charles Blake, S. I).; 
Gilbert Piiillips, J. D. August 5 the lodge instructed tlie W. M. to pay Cyrus 
Cole i|500 for a deed of the hall, building, and land. August 25, 1866, voted 
1800 for repairs. M. T. Ludden was Master in 1866; D. H. Teague, Sec; L. 
P. Bradford, S. W.; T. W. Bowman, J. W. Bro. G. W. Turner is now D. D. G. 
M.; Philo Clark, Representative. 1867 — officers elected, L. P. Bradford, W. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 247 

M.; Henry Turner, S. W.; H. C. Haskell, J. W.; D. H. Teague, Sec. April 4, 
1868, the petition for a new lodge at Buckfield was voted upon and decided 
adversely. I'be lodge was finally established, taking 21 members from this lodge. 
Officers elected, 1868: L. P. Bradford, W. M.; Henry Turner, S. W. ; Charles 
Blake, J. W.; S. D. Andrews, Sec. F. T. Faulkner elected representative to 
the Grand Lodge. Officers for 1869: L. P. Bradford, W. M.; Charles Blake, 
S. W. ; F. T. Faulkner, J. W. ; James A. Cary, Treas. July 24 the funeral of 
Charles B. Blake was attended. June 11, 1870, chose F. T. Faulkner, W. M.; 
Charles Blake, S. W. ; C. H. Thayer, J. W.; J. A. Cary, Treas. The lodge 
was invited to participate in the dedication at Bangor by the Grand Lodge. 
In November, P. M. S. I). Andrews and W. M. F. T. Faulkner were chosen 
committee on history. March 4, 1871, the deaths of Asa Phillips, D. H. 
Teague, and H.' D. Irish were reported. March 9 the lodge gave Masonic 
burial to the remains of Bro. Joseph Ludden of Temple Lodge. March 28 R. 
W. I. G. Curtis, D. D. G. M., witnessed work on the M. M. degree, and gave 
remarks complimentar}' to the lodge. June 17 R. W. Dura Bradford, D. D. 
G. M. installed the officers elect. These were: F. T. Faulkner, W. M.; 
Chas Blake, S. W.; L. B. Perry, J. W.; J. A. Cary, Treas.; C. E. Kempton, 
S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. July 29 occurred the first suspension since the 
organization of the lodge. September 23 many visiting brethren from Tran- 
quil, Rabboni, Oriental Star, and Evening Star lodges were present to witness 
work on the M. M. degree, and when "called from labor to refreshment" 58 
Masons were present. October 28 Bro. Faulkner appointed to procure new 
regalia and jewels. October 24 the lodge went to North Turner to bury with 
Masonic honors Bro. Charles W. Willard (non-affiliated). December 13 the 
death of Bro. J. Eldridge occurred. He was the first tyler of the lodge after 
receiving its charter. 

February 2, 1872, a large number of visiting brethren present from Ashlar, 
Tranquil, Rabboni, Oriental Star, Polar Star, and Lancaster lodges. April 18 
Brothers Faulkner and Andrews appointed to revise the by-laws and have 
them printed. Officers for 1872: F. T. Faulkner, W. M. ; L. B. Perry, 
S. W.; C. H. Thayer, J. W.; S. P. Bradford, Treas.; C. E. Kempton, S. D. ; 
I. N. Loring, J. D. August 15 the lodge attended the consecration of Whitney 
Lodge of Canton. July 5, 1873, public installation of officers, by R. W. F. 
T. Faulkner, D. D. G. M., which were: Carlos E. Kempton, W. M.; C. H. 
Thayer, S. W.; C. D. Ford, J. W.; Lewis P. Bradford, Treas.; S. S. Merrill, 
S. D. ; I. N. Loring, J. I). June 24, 1874, by invitation the lodge joined in 
the dedication of the new hall of Tranquil Lodge and participated in the 
celebration of St John's Day. The historian says : " As the guests of 
Tranquil Lodge, we shall not soon forget the fraternal and hospitable manner 
in which we were entertained." June 27 the lodge appropriated #40 for 
suffering Masons in Louisiana. The officers for 1874 were: Carlos E. 



248 History of Androscoggin County. 



Kerapton, W. M.; Chas H. Thayer, S. W. ; Perkins, J. W.; F. T. 

Faulkner, Treas.; S. S. Merrill, S. D.; I. N. Loring, J. D. March 16, 1875, 
attended the funeral of Brother J. A. Gary. August 14 the officers-elect were 
installed by R. W. F. I. Day, D. D. G. M.; Carlos E. Kempton, W. M. ; S. S. 
Merrill, S. W.; J. E. Ashe, J. W.; F.T. Faulkner, Treas.; F. K. Jack, S. D.; 
I. N. Loring, J. D. November 27 Bro. Robert Lindsey, of Leeds, was 
reported as very ill, and Bro. R. Jennings was appointed to convey to him the 
sympathy of the lodge. December 11 Bro. Philo Clark by request delivered a 
lecture on "The Duties of Masons," which for beauty, sound sense, and 
instruction has never been excelled in this lodge. January 8, 1876, Bro. 
Jennings on invitation delivered a timely and well-written lecture on "Our 
Characters as Masons." January 27 a special meeting was called to receive 
and bury the remains of Bro. George Bates, of Oriental Lodge, who died at 
Auburn and was buried in the cemetery at Turner. The ceremony was 
conducted by P. M. George W.Turner. February 6 Bro. Roscoe Smith, M.D., 
delivered a lecture on "The Origin of Masonry" — very interesting and 
displaying much research. A contribution was sent to aid a Mississippi lodge. 
Officers for 1876: S. S. Merrill, W. M.; Chas Blake, S. W.; J. E. Ashe, J. W.; 
F. K. Jack, S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. Officers for 1877: S. S. Merrill, 
W. M.; Chas Blake, S. W.; John E. Ashe, J. W.; Roscoe Smith, Sec; 
F. K. Jack, S. D.; W. L. Loring, J. D. September 21, 1877, attended the 
funeral of Bro. B. F. Perry at West Auburn. March 15, 1878, conducted the 
funeral services of P. M. George W. Turner at Turner Center. Bro. Turner 
was the first Master serving three years under the charter, and declined to 
serve after being again elected. He held many distinguished positions in 
Masonry. Officers for 1878: S. S. Merrill, W. M.; C. H. Thayer, S. W.; 
John E. Ashe, J. W. ; F. K. Jack, S. D. ; W. L. Loring, J. D. August 10 the 
thanks of the lodge were presented to the ladies (especially Mrs. C. E. 
Kempton) who have so generously given their aid to beautify and adorn the 
hall. The lodge-room has been carpeted, painted, papered, and otherwise 
improved. February 1, 1879, the death of P. M. Charles E. Bradford (third 
master of the lodge) was announced. He had held many prominent positions 
in civil Hfe. In 1870 the officers were: Charles Blake, W. M.; C. H. Thayer, 
S. W.; W. L. Loring, J. W. ; Roscoe Smith, S. D.; C. H. Barrell, J. D. 
Public installation, August 30. September 27 death announced of Bro. W. H. 
Jewett, M.I). February 14, 1880, officially visited by D. D. G. M. Archie L. 
Talbot. An organ was purchased in April. Officers elected June 19: C. H. 
Thayer, W. M. ; W. L. Loring, S. W. ; Roscoe Smith, J. W. ; Levi B. Perry, 
S. D.; C. H. Barrell, J. D. February 26 an official visit from R. W. C. R. 
Whitton, D. D. G. M., who stated that "Nezinscot Lodge sustained her high 
reputation for correctness of work." April 9, 1881, the death of Bro. W. R. 
Bradford was announced. August 31 attended the funeral services of the late 



1 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 249 

Master, C. H. Thayer. Officers elected September 3: Levi B. Perry, W. M.; 
W. L. Loring, S. W.; Roscoe Smith, J. W. December 3 S. D. Andrews, 
F. T. Faulkner, and Roscoe Smith appointed to write the history of the lodge. 
April 29, 1882, the death of Bro. O. D. Turner announced. May 27 Levi B. 
Perry chosen W. M.; W. L. Loring, S. W.; C. H. Barrell, J. W. Officers, 
1883: David N. Osgood, W. M.; H. C. Haskell, S. W.; C. H. Barrell, J. W.; 
J. F. Quimby, S. D.; H. A. Hildreth, J. D. 1884 — D. N. Osgood, W. M.; 
C. H. Barrell, S. W. ; J. N. Donham, J. W.; J. F. Quimby, S. D.; H. A. 
Hildreth, J. D. June 22, 1884, attended the funeral of Bro. Philo Clark. 
August 30 public installation. February 27 an official visit from R. W. N. U. 
Hinkley, D. D. (I. M. Officers, 1885: Charles H. Barrell, W. M.; J. N. 
Donham, S. W.; J. W. Newell, J. W. ; Elisha Pratt, S. D. ; E. P. Ramsdell, 
J. D. July 22 the lodge, escorted by I^ewiston Commandery, attended the 
funeral services of Bro. Caleb Blake, an old and honored member. In 
December a contribution was sent to the suffering brethren of Galveston, 
Texas. Bro. H. M. Humphrey buried with Masonic honors February 2, 1886. 
March 17 another Masonic funeral attended, that of Bro. Asa Bradford. July 
7 attended the centennial celebration of the settlement of the town, in regalia. 
Officers, 1886: C. H. Barrell, W. M. ; J. M. Donham, S. W.; J. W. Newell, 
J. W.; E. P. Ramsdell, S. D. ; Geo. W. Snell, J. D., who were publicly 
installed. November 6 voted to grant Turner R. A. Chapter the free use of the 
hall and anterooms for five years. March S, 18(S7, the late honored Master, 
Charles H. I>arrell, was buried with Masonic rites. Officers chosen June 4: 
James N. Donham, \V. M. ; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; Harvey W. Burdin, J. W. ; 
F. S. French, S. D.; A. W. Roberts, J. D. Officers, 1888: James N. Donham, 
W. M.; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; F. S. French, J. W.; A. W. Roberts, S. D.; 
E. V. Stevens, J. D. June 8, 1889, elected E. P. Ramsdell, W. M.; Frank S. 
French, S. W. ; Albion W. Roberts, J. W.; E. V. Stevens, S. D.; W. H. French, 
J. D. July 27 attended the Masonic funeral of our cherished brother, Phillips 
Bradford, at Auburn. May 3, 1890, announcement was made of the death of 
Bro. C. A. Coombs. The lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland, 
accompanied by the Turner band. The officers elected June 28 were: E. P. 
Ramsdell, W. M.; F. S. French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W. ; Wm H. Downing, 
S. D. ; Wm H. French, J. D., and they were publicly installed August 23. 
October 25 the secretary was appointed to write the history of tlie lodge. 
January 13, 1891, the Masonic funeral of Bro. Benjamin Keen was attended at 
North Turner. The death of Bro. Rufus Prince was announced May 23, and 
since then have passed to the Grand Lodge above Charles A. Coombs and 
Henry Turner. The officers for 1891 are: E. P. Ramsdell, W. M. ; Frank S. 
French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W.; F. T. Faulkner, Treas.; S. D. Andrews, 
Sec; Wm H. Downing, S. D.; W. H. French, J. D.; H. C. Haskell, Mar.; 
S. D. Thomas, S. S.; Wm B. Bradford, J. S.; Wm L. Blake, Tyler. 



250 History of Androscoggin County. 



The membership is now 100, scattered from Aroostook county to the 
Pacific coast. The lodge has been composed of the best possible material, of 
citizens eminent in intellectual and moral virtues, and has always held high 
place for its correct rendition of the "work," and the reports of the D. D. 
(Irand Masters concerning it have been uniformly highly eulogistic. It has 
been financially well conducted ; it owns its hall of three stories (the lower 
part is rented for -K^lOO per annum), and it has a fund of $1,200. F. T. Faulkner 
has been treasurer from 1865 excepting 1871-2-3-1, and S. D. Andrews has 
been secretary since 1868 except one year. 

Turner Royal Arch Chapter, No. Jfl-, Turner} — Those Masons who had 
received the Royal Arch degree, living in Turner and vicinity, being 12 miles 
from a chapter were practically deprived of the advantages pertaining to 
capitulary Masonry. There were other Master Masons who desired the degrees 
but did not feel able to go so far for them. So, after due consideration, it was 
decided to establish a chapter in Turner. Accordingly, on January 15,- 1876, 
the first meeting was held in Masonic Hall, Turner village, with these ofificers : 
M. E. Geo. W. Turner, H. P.; E. Carlos E. Kempton, K.; E. Jas A. Ridlon, 
S.; F. T. Faulkner, Sec. ; Chas Jones, C. H.; H. A. Ellis, P. S. ; J. H. Ellis, 
R. A. C; H. M. Pratt, M. 2d V.; S. H. Wilson, Sent. At this meeting the 
chapter received the petitions of ten candidates for the capitular degrees. Com- 
mittees were chosen to draft a code of by-laws, on chandeliers, wood, aprons, and 
repairs. A dispensation was read from M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P. of the 
M. E. G. R. A. Chapter of the State of Maine, dated January 6, 1876, "to form 
and open a chapter of R. A. Masons in the town of Turner, by the name of 
Turner Chapter." This dispensation was granted to Comps. F. T. Faulkner, 
C. E. Kempton, Geo. W. Turner, Caleb Blake, H. C. Munson, Jas A. Ridlon, 
S. H. Wilson, Milton J. Loring, and C. E. Bradford, and Bradford R. A. Chapter, 
of Auburn, favored the dispensation. Geo. W. Turner was appointed to be the 
first High Priest; C. E. Kempton, King; and Jas A. Ridlon, Scribe. 

At the stated meeting, February 12, two petitions were received and nine 
candidates accepted. The committee on by-laws reported a code which was 
accepted. The M. M. Mason's degree was conferred on nine candidates. March 
11 one application, and two candidates accepted. At a special meeting, April 1, 
the R. A. degree was first worked, and six were exalted. April 13 three candi- 
dates were exalted. At the stated meeting, April 15, the chapter voted to petition 
for a charter. April 29 three candidates were exalted. May 13 two petitions 
were received, also report made that the Grand Chapter had granted a charter. 
The following resolution was presented by Comp. H. C. Munson, and adopted: 

Whereas, We are greatly indebted to Companion Faulliner for bis persistent and suc- 
cessful efforts in establishing Turner Chapter of Royal Arch Masons; 

Resolved, That wo extend to him our heartiest thanks in recognition of bis interest in 

iRy S. D. Andrews. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 251 

Masonry in general and in Turner Chapter in particular, and that our acknowledgment of 
indebtedness to him as a chapter be placed upon the secretary's book of records. 

At a special meeting, June 30, 1876, the chapter was duly constituted by 
M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P., assisted by R. E. F. T. Faulkner, G. Scribe 
as D. G. H. P.; R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, G. King, as G. Scribe; Comp. J. W 
Ballou, P. G. H. P., as G. C. of H.; Comp. Charles Jones as G. R. A. C. 
Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. The first officers under the charter were 
C. E. Kempton, H. P.; H. M. Pratt, K.; Philo Clark, S.; H. C. Haskell 

C. of H.; C. H. Thayer, P. S.; F. K. Jack, R. A. C; S. S. Merrill, M. 3d V. 
W. L. Loring, M. 2d V.; J. E. Ashe, M. 1st V.; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T 
Faulkner, Sec; H. C. Munson, Chap.; Asa Bradford, S. S.; F. M. Loring, J. S. 
H. W. Humphrey, Sent. July 8 committees were appointed to procure a seal 
and on printing by-laws. June 30, 1877, election of officers : C. E. Kempton, 
H. P.; H. C. Haskell, K.; Philo Clark, Scribe; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T. 
Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; F. K. Jack, P. S.; S. S. Merrill, R. 
A. C; W. L. Loring, M. MY. ; J. E. Ashe, M. 2d V.; P. C. Torrey, M. 1st V. 
Voted to invite F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, to install the officers-elect at the 
next stated meeting (July 28), which he did. October 27 three petitions 
for degrees. 

February 7, 1878, three candidates exalted. The official visit of R. E. 
Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., occurred this evening. There were many 
distinguished Masons present. Refreshments were served and a delightful 
evening passed. June 15, election of officers. August 17, officers installed 
by R. E. F. T. Faulkner. February 8, 1879, the death of Comp. C. E. 
Bradford was announced, and appropriate action was taken. He died January 
22, in Massachusetts, where he was teaching. March 11 official visit of a 
grand officer; other distinguished members of the order were present. Sep- 
tember 6 officers installed. 

February 19, 1880, M. E. J. M. Hayes, G. H. P., witnessed work in M. M. 
M. degree. Remarks by Comps. Hayes, J. W. Ballou, and others. Refreshments 
were served. June 26 election of officers. September 25, 1880, two applica- 
tions for degrees; officers installed. February 19, 1881, official visit by R. E. 
Frank E. Sleeper, G. S. June 18 election of officers: H. C. Haskell, H. P.; 
S. D. Andrews, King; Philo Clark, Scribe; Henry Turner, Treas.; F. T. 
Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; S. S. Merrill, P. S.; W. L. Loring, 
R. A. C.; John E. Ashe, M. 3d V.; Thos J. Owen, M. 2d V.; H. W. Copeland, 
M. 1st V. I give the names of this list of officers because some of the principal 
ones have been re-elected annually for 10 years. September 10 the death of 
Comp. C. H. Thayer was announced. He died August 29. November 12 a 
committee on history of the chapter, consisting of Comps. C. E. Kempton, S. 

D. Andrews, and W. L. Loring, was chosen. 

August 9, 1884, the death of Comp. Philo Clark, Scribe of this chapter, was 



252 History of Androscoggin County. 

announced. Comp. Clark had held many civil offices in the town and county, 
and had been long a Mason honored and respected. August 29, 1885, the death 
of Comp. Caleb Blake was reported. He died July 20. He was a well-known 
business man, a genial companion, and much esteemed. February 20, 1886, 
Comp. H. W. Humphrey was reported as having passed over to the majority. 
March 20 the death of Comp. Asa Bradford was announced. September 11 
the officers were publicly installed by Comp. F. T. Faulkner, on the same 
evening with Nezinscot Lodge. Ivefreshments were served by the lodge. 
January 30, 1891, the death of Benj. Keen was reported. 

The growth of the chapter has been of late years slow ; our jurisdiction 
has been very limited. Other organizations have sprung up around us and by 
great promise of sick benefits and pecuniary aid have drawn from the chapter. 
It is not the practice of Masons to solicit men to join their various bodies ; 
indeed, they are forbidden to do it. Our members are scattered over a wide 
territory, from Maine to Florida, so that we find it difficult to get a quorum at 
our meetings; but we have a good chapter, and have always received the 
highest encomiums from the representatives of the Grand Chapter for the 
correctness of our work, and we expect to do good work in the years to come. 

Acacia Loil[n\ No. 121^ F. ^ A. il/., Durliam., was organized under a dispen- 
sation granted May 7, 1803, and the first meeting was held June 24, 1803. A 
charter was granted May 4, 1865, by Wm P. Preble, G. M., to Geo. W. Wagg, 
Wm R. Wright, David O. S. Stetson, Stephen C. Stetson, Isaac S. Brown, Wm 
Wording, Jas W. Webber, Parmenio C. Shaw, E. G. Parker, Wm S. Michaels. 
About the time of the granting of the charter a dwelling was purchased and 
altered into a convenient Masonic hall. Its cost with repairs was 'f 1,000. The 
number of members in May, 1891, was 80. Bro. Charles W. Harding was 
D. D. G. M. in 1888-9. 

Officers from Organization. — 1863— Geo. W. Wagg, W. M.; I. S. Brown, S. W.; W. R. 
Wright, J. W.; P. C. Shaw, Treas. ; J. W. Webber, Sec; Wra Wording, J. I).; E. G. 
Parker, Tyler. 1864 (appointed by G. M.) — Asa P. Moore, W. M.; Win R. Wright, S. W.; 
Wm W. Beals, J. W.; Geo. W. Rico, Sec; Wm H. Haskell, S. D.; Nelson Strout, J. D. 
186.'>— W. R. Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren, 
Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, Sec; P. R. Strout, S. D.; Wm B. Newell, J. D. 1866 — W. R. 
Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. 
Rice, Sec; Z. Fickett, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D. 1867 — W. R. Wright, W. M. ; 
Nelson Strout, S. W.; W. S. Michaels, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, 
Sec; B. I. Small, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D.; 1868 — Wra R. Wright, W. M.; 
I. S. Brown, S. W. ; B. I. Small, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. F. Morrell, Sec; 
1869 — Benj. I. Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W. ; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren, 
Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; Fred W. Elder, S. D.; C. W. Harding, J. D. 1870— B. I. 
Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W.; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. 
Roak, Sec; I. N. Beals, S. D.; Chas W. Harding, J. D. 1871 — B. I. Small, W. M.; Alfred 
Lunt, S. W.; S. B. Libby, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; C. W. Harding, 
S. D.; Josiah L. Vining, J. D. 1872 — Alfred Lunt, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; Elmer W. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 253 

Randall, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; J. H. Davis, Sec; Wm B. Newell, Chap.; C. W. 
Harding, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1873 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C. W. Harding, S. W.; 
E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; W. D. Roak, Marshal; A. H. 
Parker, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1874 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C W. Harding, S. W.; 

E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; A. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; E. S. Warren, Chap.; 1875 — C. 
W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; Jos. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred 
Lunt, Sec. 1876 — C. W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W.; J. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D. 
Roak, Treas.; Alfred Lunt, Sec. 1877— Jos. H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. 
Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Alfred Lunt, Sec. ; Wm R. Wright, Chap. 1878 — J. 
H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. Fenlason, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; W. B. 
Newell, Sec; W. H. Douglass, Chap.; 1879— J. H. Davis, W. M ; A. H. Parker, S. W.; 
C. S. Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Wm B. Newell, Sec; I. A. Paine, Chap.; 
C. W. Harding, S. D. ; W. H. Merrill, J. D. ; 1880 — A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason, 
S. W. ; True Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; C. W. Harding, 
S. D. ; Wm H, Merrill, J. D. ; 1881 —A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason, S. W.; True 
Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1882— Alfred Lunt, W. M.; L. O. 
Morse, S. W. ; S. S. Parker, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1883 — 
Alfred Lunt, W. M. ; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; W. H. Douglass, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Lora 
Newell, Sec; S. B. Libby, S. D.; F. A. Harding, J. D.; 1884 — E. 0. Tyler, W. M.; S. B. 
Libby, S. W.; W. H. Douglas, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; F. A. 
Harding, S. D.; J. L. Wright, J. D. ; 1885 — E. O. Tyler, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; F. A. 
Harding, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Geo. H. Hatch, S. D. ; L S. 
Trufant, J. D.; 1886 — S. B. Libby, W. M. ; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W. ; 
W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Jos. H. Davis, S. D. ; 1. S. Trufant, J. D.; 
1887— S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W.; Wm P. Water- 
house, Treas. ; J. L. Wright. Sec. ; 1888 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W. ; J. W. 
Thomas, J. W.; J. L. Wright, Sec; I. S. Trufant, S. D.; E. L. Macomber, J. D.; 1889 — 

F. A. Harding, W. M.; H. M. Beal, S. W.; J. W. Thomas, J. W. ; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas. ; 
J. L. Wright, Sec. ; J. H. Davis, S. D. ; J. L. Viniug, J. D. : J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W. 
Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dinglcy, Tyler; 1890 — F. A. Harding, W. M. ; H. M. Beal, S. W. ; E. L. 
Macomber, J. W.; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; E. R. Miller, Chap.; 
L. B. Small, Marshal; J. L. Viniug, S. D. ; J. H. Williams, J. D.; J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W. 
Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dingley, Tyler. 

Ancient York Lod(/e, JVo. ISS, F. (|' A. M.,'^ Lisbon Falls, was granted a 
dispensation January 1, 1870, by M. W. J. H. Lynde, G. M. of the M. W. 
Grand Lodge of the State of Maine. The petitioners were: David S. Dunlap, 
S. P. Crosman, Geo. C. Wing, Geo. W. Coombs, Samuel Sylvester, Geo. F. 
Alexander, C. TI. Douglass, Tobias T. Goddard, S. Estes, E. B. Webber, A. T. 
Crosman, Edw. Plummer, N. L. Shea, L. Harden, F. A. Small, J. H. Eacott, 
T. C. liogers, Simeon Stone, Geo. B. Shorey, Abram H. Nason, H. A. Small, 
E. Day, Silas Plummer, H. C. White, and O. R. Small. The first meeting was 
held January 17, 1870. The G. M. appointed Tobias T. Goddard, W. M.; 
Horace C. White, S. W. ; N. L. Shea, J. W. The Grand Lodge granted a 
charter on May 4, 1870, and on September 27, 1870, at the adoption of the 
constitution and installation the following officers were installed: Tobias T. 

1 By William Parkin, Secretary. 



254 History of Androscoggin County. 



Cxoddard, W. M. ; Horace C. White, S. W.; N. L. vShea, J. W.; Edw. Plummer, 
Treas. ; Cephas H. Douglass, Sec.; Simeon Stone, S. D.; Geo. W. Coombs, 
J. D.; David S. Dunlap, S. S.; Thos C. Rogers, J. S.; O. R. Small, Marshal; 
Sumner Estes, Chap.; Silas Plummer, Tyler. The lodge has been very 
successful, both financially and otherwise, from its first meeting. The following 
are names of members admitted: Otis S. Vining, Wra Rhodes, Chas B. 
Plummer, John L. Gardner, Geo. D. Frost, Samuel J. White, Joshua S. Newell, 
Alfred Webber, Wm Maines, Frank M. Hacker, T. Alvah Moore, Joseph G. 
Small, Geo. A. Pettingill, Roscoe G. Green, Frank H. Ambach, Edward R. 
Warren, N. J. Wedgwood, J. Reid Edgecomb, Lafayette E. Dennison, Seward 

A. Parker, John A. Smith, Jas E. Edgecomb, Abram Healey, E. M. Shaw, 
Geo. W. Gould, Nathaniel S. Purinton, Alonzo S. Purinton, Wm S. Merrill, 
Chas A. Ambach, Frank B. Potter, Eugene B. Earl, Addison Slater, Robert N. 
Callahan, Jas W. Card, Levi C. Gould, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Jas W. Farrin, John 
H. Coombs, Jas L. Atwood, H. J. Hutchinson, Lewis Lander, Wm H. Gilmore, 
Edwin R. Small, Webster Nevins, Samuel H. Goody, Chas F. Edgecomb, Thos 

B. Fish, Jos. S. Potter, Chas H. Keopka, John W. Dufton, John H. Potter, 
Frank H. Abbott, Elbridge G. Rideout, Simeon W. Goodwin, John H. 
Tomlinson, Wm A. Lewis, H. M. Harmon, Freeman C. Hall, L. R. Ross, 
Albion Chase, Nathaniel R. Williams, L. B, Burrill, Wm Parkin, Geo. H. 
Whittier, Pennell P. Woodard, Fred C. Worth, Geo. W. Jordan, Hibbert 
Lockhart, Chas W. Girard, John Cornish, Millard C. Webber, Aaron H. 
Goodwin, Thos F. Millett, Benjamin F. Christopher, Robert N. Barbrick, 
Wilbur H. Judkins, Enoch Tibbetts, E. A. Durille, Benjamin W. Card, Alfred 
D. Sawyer, George W. Curtis, Cyril O. Abell, Charles L. Osborne, C. W. 
Girard, Wm H. Douglass, James A. Underwood, James H. Eacott, Jr, H. 
W. Pike, Daniel Fessenden, W. E. Plummer, C. F. A. Stuebing, Otis S. White, 
Fenton Haigh, George Canham, George Turnbull, K. M. Small, John Rawstrom, 
Wm E. Stevens, A. J. Small, F. E. Greissenger, George W. Beal, F. A. Jordan, 
W. F. Rogers, Samuel W. Smith. The Past Masters have been : Tobias T. 
Goddard, Horace C. White, Simeon Stone, O. R. Small, George W. Coombs, 
Samuel J. White, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Otis S. Vining, Simeon Stone, Alonzo S. 
Purinton, Millard C. Webber, James W. Card, James A. LTnderwood. The 
meetings are held on the Mondays on or immediately before the full moon, in 
Masonic Hall, Perkin Block, Main street. 

Webster Lodge, No. 164, ^'- # -4- M., Sahath. — lw the winter of 1870-71 
Luther Lombard, Stetson L, Hill, Bradford D. Farnham, John Shore, Cyrus 
Hackett, Calvin D. Bubier, Frank E. Sleeper, Eugene D. Greenleaf, being 
desirous of establishing a lodge of Masonry at Sabatis, and believing that good 
work in extending Masonic influence in the vicinity would be done thereby, 
secured 'the co-operation of Andrew J. Harris, H. S. Harris, and James H. 
Thompson, of (ireene, and Joseph G. Bragg, Augustus C. Frost, and Stephen 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 255 

R. Raynes, of Wales, in sending a petition for the organization of a lodge here. 
In answer, M. W. John H. Lynde, then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
Maine, granted a dispensation, empowering theni to form and open a lodge in 
Webster, and appointing Bro. Frank E. Sleeper, first Master; Stetson L. Hill, 
first Senior Warden; and Bradford D. Farnham, first Junior Warden. Bro. 
Frank E. Sleeper was a native of Lewiston, a graduate of the first class of 
Bates College, and of Maine Medical School, and had recently located in Sabatis 
as a physician. He was 24 years of age, and a member of Ashlar Lodge, Lew- 
iston. He was the mainspring in organizing and regulating the lodge, and to 
his energy and tact it is largely indebted for the many complimentar}^ notices 
from the several district deputies and other visitors who have witnessed its 
work. He has held, among others, these Masonic offices : Master of Webster 
Lodge 10 3^ears, District Deputy Grand Master three years. Senior Grand War- 
den, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Master of Masons in Maine (by unanimous 
election serving two terms), and is Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge, High 
Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal Arch 
Chapter of Maine and its Grand Lecturer, Thrice Illustrious Master of Dunlap 
Council Royal and Select Masters, Commander of Lewiston Commandery 
Knights Templar, Grand Lecturer of the Grand Commandery, and Thrice 
Potent Grand Master of Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R. He is author 
of the monitorial portion of the "Maine Ro3^al Arch Text-book," authorized 
text-book for chapters in Maine. Bro. Stetson L. Hill was a native of Web- 
ster, and a member of Tianquil Lodge, Auburn. He studied law with his 
father, Jacob Hill, had followed that profession for several years, and was about 
50 years of age, and the owner of considerable property. Bro. Bradford D. 
Farnham, belonging to Ashlar Lodge, Lewiston, was junior })artner in the firm 
of Davis & Farnham, merchants. He never attended a lodge meeting, as he 
moved from town. Bro. Luther Lombard, a native of Wales, had been a resi- 
dent of Sabatis for 30 years, and was engaged in farming, owning quite an 
extensive property. Capt. Lombard received his degrees in Philadelphia, Pa. 
He was one of the most active and efficient members. liro. Joseph G. Bragg 
was a member of Monmouth Lodge, a ship-joiner by trade, but farming in 
Wales. He was one of our most highly esteemed members. Bro. John Shore 
was a native of Yorkshire, England, a wool-carder in charge of the carding- 
room of the Webster Woolen Mill. Bro. Shore was 41 years of age, a member 
of Ashlar Lodge, and a just and upright man. He was of great assistance to 
the lodge, and his removal to Lisbon was greatly regretted. Bro. Eugene D. 
Greenleaf was a graduate of Harvard, and agent of Webster Woolen Mill. He 
removed to Boston three years later, remaining^ however, a member of the 
lodge. Bro. Calvin D. Bubier, a native of Lewiston, 35 years of age, was a 
clerk of Davis & Farnham. He received his degrees in Princeton. Bro. 
Augustus C. Frost was 27 years of age, and a member of Morning Star Lodge 



25G History of Androscoggin County. 



of Litchfield. Though living at a great distance he set an excellent example 
of punctuality. Bro. Cyrus Hackett, aged 49, was a native of Greene, a mill- 
wright and a member of Tranquil Lodge. 

Perhaps a more rusty body of Masons never gathered together, but all 
went to work with energy, and under Bro. Sleeper's instruction rapid progress 
was made. Previous to organization, they met frequently in secure places to 
practice Masonic work, thus enabling them to acquit themselves very well at 
the first communication of the lodge. Bro. Luther Lombard advanced 1300, 
taking the joint note of the other members as security. This note was after- 
wards signed by several of the first admitted members. With this money the 
brethren leased, finished, painted, and furnished the second story of the 
school-house in Sabatis, making a neat and tasty hall, and September 23, 
1871, held the first stated communication. At this meeting Bro. Sleeper 
congratulated the lodge on the excellent progress made, promising the 
continuance of his own exertions, requesting earnest endeavors by the others, 
and predicting a useful future. Two applications were received. October 28, 
1871, four applications were received, the two previous applicants accepted, 
and Edwin H. Johnson initiated. At the next meeting the members' dues 
were fixed at two dollars, and the Master appointed these officers: Luther 
Lombard, Treas.; Eugene D. Greenleaf, Sec; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Augustus 
C. Frost, S. D.; Cyrus Ilackett, J. D. ; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; John Shore, J. S.; 

A. J. Harris, Sent. ; W. B. Cutler, T3der. The lodge was officially visited by 

B. W. Dura Bradford, 1). D. G. M., February 20, 1872. There were many 
visitors present. After witnessing work in the second degree, Bro. Bradford 
complimented the officers very highly. April 20, 1872, the lodge voted to 
petition for a charter; a code of by-laws was acce[)ted, and ordered to be 
submitted to tlie Grand Lodge for approval. 

Authority having been obtained June 15, 1872, tlie lodge elected: Frank 
E. Sleeper, W. M.; Stetson L. Hill, S. W. ; J. G. Bragg, J. W.; Luther Lombard, 
Treas.: Alden S. Potter, Sec. Eleven brethren who had taken their degrees 
in this lodge were admitted to membership, and a committee apj)ointed to make 
arrangements for constituting Webster Lodge. August 1, 1872, M. W. David 
Cargill, G. M., assisted by Bro. Eaton, of United Lodge No. 8, of Brunswick, 
as Sen. G. W., Bro. Geo. Swift, of Acacia Lodge No. 121, of Durham, as Jun. 
G. W., Bro. Chase, of Morning Star Lodge No. 141, of Litchfield, as Grand 
Chaplain, and Bro. Warren Phillips, of Portland, Grand Tyler, dedicated and 
constituted Webster Lodge, No, 164, after which the M. W. G. M. publicly 
installed the officers. January 0, 1873, the officers were re-elected (except E. D. 
(ireenleaf, chosen secretary), and installed by R. W. Joseph M. Hayes, D. D. 
G. M. of the Fourteenth Masonic District (to which the lodge was assigned 
November 6, 1872), assisted by W. James B. Westcott of Solar Lodge, No. 14, 
Bath, as Grand Marshal. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 257 

January 1, 1874, were elected: F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; A. C. Frost, S. W.; 
J. G. Bragg, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; Stetson L. Hill, Sec; and they were 
installed by Wor. Bro. Geo. S. Woodman, assisted by Geo. C. Wing. In May 
liro. Sleeper was appointed D. D. G. M., and for the remainder of the year the 
Master's station was filled by the Senior Warden, although Bro. Sleeper 
attended the meetings and took an active part. 

January 21, 1875, choice was made of A. C. Frost, W. M.; Jos. G. Bragg, S. 
W. ; Edwin H. Johnson, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. Feb- 
ruary 13 these officers were publicly installed by R. W. Bro. F. E. Sleeper, D. 
D. G. M. This year the annual meeting was changed, and December 9, 1875, 
were chosen: Edwin H. Johnson, W. M. ; James F. Heney, S. W.; Retiah D. 
Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. They were publicly 
installed by K. W. Frank E. Sleeper. June, 1876, II. W. Simeon Stone, D. D. 
G. M., visited the lodge, witnessed work in the M. M. degree, and compli- 
mented the lodge very highly for its proficiency in the ritual. The note 
against the lodge was paid this year, and committed to the flames — a most 
acceptable burnt offering to the Masonic "goat." December 25, 1876, were 
elected: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; R. D. Jones, J. W.; 
L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec. They were publicly installed January 
4, 1877, by R. W. Fessenden L Day, assisted by Archie L. Talbot. The instal- 
lation services were followed by a collation and sociable. 

May 1, 1877, Webster Lodge buried Bro. James Keates. Bro. Keates was 
an Englishman, 49 years of age, and a wool-spinner. He was an interested 
and active member and a much-esteemed citizen. The lodge was officially 
visited during the year by R. W. Simeon Stone, who highly complimented it 
on its accuracy in the third degree. This commendation was highly valued. 
Soon after, the lodge accepted Bro. Stone's invitation and visited him at 
Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon Falls. December 20, 1877, officers were chosen: 
F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W. ; R. D. Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard, 
Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; who were publicly installed January 16, 1878. 

January 17, 1878, a board of trustees of the charity fund was selected and 
duly organized. A list of all property of the lodge was made, and March 14, 
1878, transferred to its custody. December 5, 1878, were chosen : F. E. Sleeper, 
W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; A. S. Potter, J. W.; L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. 
Billings, Sec They were publicly installed by R. W. Augustus Callahan, 
P. M., of Tranquil Lodge, after which a supper was served at the Sabatis House, 
followed by a sociable at the hall. March 5, 1879, Masonic honors were paid to 
the remains of Bro. James F. Heney, conveyed to Biddeford. Bro. Heney was 
46 years of age, English by birth, and a weaver. In 1872 he received the 
degrees in Webster Lodge and remained an active and efficient member. With 
his death originated the relief fund of the lodge. About this time the lodge 
procured an album and has made efforts to secure photographs of the brethren, 



258 History of Androscoggin County. 



but many pages are yet empty. June 24, 1879, Webster Lodge, joining with 
Rabboni Lodge, attended the celebration of St John's Day, at Portland. 

The annual communication of 1 879 falling on Christmas, evening, the lodge 
was duly opened and called to refreshment to allow the brethren to attend a 
Christmas festival at the Free Baptist church. Later in the evening the officers 
were re-elected, and on New-Year's eve they were publicly installed by R. W. 
F. I. Day, assisted by R. W. Augustus Callahan. After supper, served by Bro. 

A. S. Potter, of the Sabatis House, Bro. Callahan gave an instructive lecture 
on Masonry. Nothing worthy of note took place in 1880-1881. Not an 
application was received. December 16, 1880, showed -tl 77.48 in the treasury, 
and a charity fund of -1105. Chose Frank E. Sleeper, W. M. ; R. D. Jones, 
S. W. ; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec. 

1881 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; Jas. G. 
Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec. ; A. S. Potter, 
Chap.; Jos. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G. Thomas, J. D.; 

B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; L N. Spofford, Sent.; Herman 
Amback, Tyler. 1882 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, 
S. W.; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; 
Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G. 
Thomas, J. D.; B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S. ; Herman Amback, 
Sent.; Joseph Heck, Tyler. January 31, in the presence of a very large 
company, many visitors being present from adjacent lodges, the officers were 
publicly installed. A Past Master's jewel was presented to Worthy Bro. 
Sleeper by the lodge, and a beautiful steel engraving was given to the lodge 
by its lady friends. 1883 — Brothers Sleeper and Lombard positively declining 
re-election, the following officers were chosen: Retiah D. Jones, W. M. ; 
Judson Bangs, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. 
Billings, Sec; Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; W. H. 
Wright, S. D.; John W. Wood, J. D.; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; H. Amback, J. S.; 
F. E. Marr, Sent.; C. C. Getchell, Tyler. 1884 — officers: Judson Bangs, 
W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W. ; E. G. Thomas, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; 
T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; J. W. Wood, 
S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H. Amback, S. S. ; F^E. Marr, J. S.; Gustave 
Graichen, Tyler. Publicly installed February 6 by R. W. Fessenden I. Day, 
over sixty visitors being present from Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon, besides 
many from Ashlar, Rabboni, Tranquil, Tyrian, and other lodges. Bro. Billings 
was presented with an elegant gold pen, a stylographic pen, and a set of cut- 
glass inkstands by the members. 

1885 — officers: Judson Bangs, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; E. G. 
Thomas, J. W. ; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, 
Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal ; J. W. Wood, S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H. 
Amback, S. S.; F. E. Marr, J. S. ; G. Graichen, Tyler. July 8 the lodge 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 259 



buried its oldest charter member, Bro. Luther Lombard, its Treasurer con- 
tinuously for ten years. 1886 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; F. E. 
Marr, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; Jas G. Jordan, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, 
Sec; J. W. Wood, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; C. C. Getchell, S. D.; E. G. 
Thomas, J. D.; H. Amback,. S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; G. Graichen, Tyler. 
January 22 they were publicly installed by M. W. Fessenden L Day, Grand 
Master. Bro. Sleeper, being Deputy Grand Master, accepted the office of 
Master only upon the earnest solicitation of his brethren and the Grand 
Master. 1887 — officers: Jos. G. Bragg, W. M.; F. E. Marr, S. W. ; Chas C. 
Getchell, J. W. : J. G. Jordan, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, 
Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; H. Amback, J. D. ; 
G. Graichen, J. S.; A. D. Ames, Tyler. September 23 Bro. John W. 
McFarland was buried by the lodge. 1888 — officers same as 1887. They 
were publicly installed on February 29 by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper. 

1889 — officers: Frank E. Marr, W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W.; H. 
Amback, J. W.; J. G. Jordan, Treas.; Judson Bangs, Sec; R. D. Jones, 
Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; T. C. Billings, S. D.; L N. Spofford, J. D.; 
George W. Jordan, S. S.; A. D. Ames, J. S.; Fred Dodson, Tyler. They 
were publicly installed by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper January 4. On 
June 17 the lodge vacated the hall over the mill of Bro. R. I). Jones, 
which it had occupied for seven years. 1890 — officers same as 1889, except 

C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Officers installed by Past Master Bangs, in the hall 
of the Golden Cross. This year died Bro. Oren A. Jordan. November 20 the 
lodge entered into its new hall — the upjjcr part of the building erected for 
a post-office and store by Bro. E. Woodside. 1891 — officers: Judson Bangs, 
W. M.; T. C. Billings, S. W.; L N. Spofford, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; 
J. G. Jordan, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Edwin 
Woodside, S. D.; Geo. W. Jordan, J. D.; C. A. Amback, S. S.; C. A. Dins- 
more, J. S.; C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Publicly installed by Past Grand Master 
Sleeper, February 6. May 7 Judson Bangs, the present master, was appointed 

D. D. G. M. 

The number of members April, 1891, was 45. From its formation 43 have 
been initiated, eight received from other lodges, which makes the whole number 
of members 60. Six have died and nine dimitted. A steady growth has been 
made, and an interest maintained which, considering the small territory of the 
jurisdiction, has been remarkable, and the lodge has been noted for the excel- 
lence of its work, which has caused frequent visits from other lodges. It is in a 
prosperous condition, and owns one of the best lots in the village, where, when 
the ten years of its present lease expires, it hopes to have a home of its own. 

Reuel Washburn Lodge, F. ^ A. iHf., No. 181, Livermore Falls, held its 
first meeting under dispensation May 10, 1876, in Masons' Hall, on Depot 
street. There were present Wor. Levi H. Daggett, W. M.; W. H. Wood, 



260 History of Androscoggin County. 



S. W.; Frank Garcelon as J. W. (A. G. French being absent); and the 
Master appointed Winfield S. Treat, Treas.; George O. Eustis, Sec. ; Ensign 
S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; Rev. Phineas Bond, Chap.; Chas L. 
Eustis, S. S.; John C. Eaton, J. S.; A. C. Otis, Marshal; S. J. Burgess, Tyler. 
There were also present Bros. Chas H. Cram, A. R. Millett, Albert Allen, and 
some visiting brethren. Committees were appointed to draft constitution and 
by-laws, to loan -f 200 to procure jewels and furniture, and to arrange for hall. 
Alonzo M. Bumpus and Sullivan Newman made applications for admittance, 
and at the next meeting Newman was initiated. The new lodge starts in 
prosperously, numerous applications being received and much good work 
done. From the number of rejections a very high standard was established 
for the lodge. November 8 voted to lease the hall one year for $20, and to 
purchase two dozen chairs. January 10, 1877, R. W. Fessenden I. Day, 
I). D. G. M., made an official visit. A special meeting was held, January 29, 
for exemplification of the work on the third degree by D. D. G. M. Day. April 
11 it was voted to apply to the Grand Lodge for a charter, and Levi H. 
Daggett, W. H. Wood, A. G. French, C. L. Eustis, George O. Eustis, W. S. 
Treat, J. C. Eaton, Abel Prescott, S. J. Burgess, E. S. Goding, and Elijah 
Wadsworth were chosen representatives to the Grand Lodge. May 9 the 
secretary records: "Unable to hold our regular monthly communication 
to-day as the Grand Secretary has not returned our dispensation." June 13 
accepted the invitation to attend the dedication of the hall of Oriental Star 
Lodge, June 21; also voted "that this lodge be constituted and officers 
installed June 21," and committees were chosen to make arrangements,' and to 
provide refreshments and entertainment for the officers of the Grand Lodge. 
Officers for the ensuing year were chosen: W. H. Wood, W. M.; A. G. 
French, S. W.; Frank Garcelon, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. Treat, 
Sec; E. S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; C. L. Eustis, S. S. ; John C. 
Eaton, J. S.; S. J. Burgess, Marshal; Albert Allen, Tyler. A committee was 
appointed to obtain a portrait of our esteemed brother, Reuel Washburn. 

June 21, 1877, was a great and a gala day. Authority had been granted 
to the lodge to appear in public procession at the dedication of the Masonic 
hall of Oriental Star Lodge, and a large number of the members were escorted 
by Oriental Star Lodge to its hall. After the ceremonies they were escorted 
to refreshments, then to a grove where M. W. Josiah H. Drummond gave 
an eloquent oration. Li the evening Reuel Washburn Lodge was duly con- 
stituted, and its officers publicly installed at the Baptist church by M. W. 
Edward P. Burnham, Grand Master, assisted by other officers of the Grand 
Lodge. The charter now received (granted May 3, 1877,) declared the pre- 
cedence of the lodge to commence from May 4, 1876. The charter members 
were: Frank Garcelon, Stephen J. Burgess, Wm H. Wood, W. S. Treat, Elijah 
Wadsworth, Albert Allen, George O. Eustis, T. Everett Eustis, Roswell C. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 261 

Boothby, Henry D. Parker, Alvin Record, Charles H. Cram, Augustus L. 
Young, John C. Eaton, Charles L. Eustis, J. W. Eaton, Alanson C. Otis, 
Matthew M. Stone, Levi H. Daggett, Alexander O. Nelson, G. O. Foye, Ensign 
S. Goding, Wm W. Noyes, Albion R. Millett, John B. Drake, Chas B. Knapp, 
Thomas F. Palmer, Albert G. French, Joseph Brown, Sullivan Newman, 
Charles W. Brown, Henry A. Strout, Abel Prescott, David C. Searles, Prince 
E. Hinds, Alonzo M. Bunipus. 

July 11 the annual meeting was changed to June, and the lodge received 
the following letter from the venerated brother whose name it bears: — 

To the Worshipful Master, etc.— I was very sorry that I could not be witli you last 
evening at the consecration of your lodge, but at my age, and with my infirmities, at the 
late hour of your meeting I must have denied myself the pleasure of being present, even 
if the weather had been pleasant, but stormy as it was it would have been presumptuous 
folly to have undertaken it. You know how much I lamented your withdrawal from Oriental 
Star Lodge, and if I could have persuaded you to remain would gladly have done so; but 
as you decided otherwise I wish you abundant success, and, to this end I expect you to be true 
and faithful to the high trust and responsibility you have assumed. You cannot reasonably 
expect success without working for and deserving it. Be honorable and honest in all your 
dealings and business transactions with each other and with the world, and demonstrate 
by example that you are better men for being good Masons. Guard well the outer door 
and be wise in the acceptance of worthy applicants for the honors of Masonery and firm 
in rejecting the unworthy. Be kind and courteous to neighboring lodges, respecting their 
rights as well as your own. If you have work to do be prepared to do it promptly, correctly, 
and creditably. The importance of making a good and favorable impression upon the 
candidate when receiving the degrees cannot be overestimated. If you have no work to 
do, remember and regard the admonition of our most excellent Past Grand Master Josiah 
H. Drummond, to assemble yourselves together at your stated communications socially, as 
friends and brothers spread the cement of brotherly love and aflection, learn the lectures 
and the work, study and practice the teachings of our ancient and honorable institution, 
and you will not materially err; you will have your reward — the approval and blessing 
of your God. Farewell. Reuel Washburn. 

North Livermore, June 22, 1877. 

Friday, March 8, 1878, united with Oriental Star Lodge in conferring the 
last honors of masonry on the remains of this honored Mason, and March 13 
a committee was appointed to draft resolutions on his death. June 12 the 
death of Bro. E. N. Wheeler reported, and officers elected. W. H. Wood, W. 
M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. 
Treat, Sec; L. P. Gould, Chap.; R. C. Boothby, S. D.; P. E. Hinds, J. D. 
The officers were installed July 10. March 12, 1879, voted to attend the 
celebration of St John's Day at Portland. Officers for 1879-80 : W. H. Wood, 
W. M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. 
Treat, Sec; C. B. Knapp, Chap. June 24 was passed pleasantly at Portland, 
as the secretary records "having had a big time." In 1880 the lodge was 
reported as "nearly out of debt." Frank Garcelon was elected W. M.; R. C. 



262 History of Androscogoin County. 



Boothby, S. W.; Alonzo M. Bunipus, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B. 
Knapp, Sec. They were installed by R. W. David Cargill, P. G. M., July 19. 
October 13 voted to attend a celebration of Wilton Lodge, October 21. Feb- 
ruary 9, 1881, R. W. C. R. Whitten, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. He 
was "much pleased to see such good work." May 11 voted "to allow the Odd 
Fellows the use of our hall for meetings." Officers elected June 8 were pub- 
licly installed June 24 by A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M.; Frank Garcelon, W. M.; 
R. C. Boothby, S. W.; A. M. Bumpus, J. W.; Rev. G. L. Burbank, Chap.; 
M. M. Stone, Treas. ; C. B. Knapp, Sec. September 26 lodge attended memo- 
rial exercises in honor of the late President James A. Garfield. 

The first meeting in the new Masonic Hall in Treat's Block was held Jan- 
uary 4, 1882, and it was voted to furnish it at an expense of $250. March 1 
D. D. G. M. Algernon M. Roak visited the lodge officially, and complimented 
it on its correct work and its neat and commodious hall. June 28 were elected 
and installed the officers for the ensuing year: R. C. Boothby, W. M. ; A. M. 
Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W. ; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B. Knapp, Sec; 
G. L. Burbank, Chap. June 20, 1883, election of officers : R. C. Boothby, 
W. M.; A. M. Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W.; J. A. Rich, Treas.; E. S. 
Coding, Sec; David Cargill, Chap. February 15, 1884, official visit of D. D. 
G. M. N. U. Hinkley, who exemplified work on the third degree. March 15 
the death of Bro. M. M. Stone, so long treasurer, was reported. May 29 the 
lodge conducted the funeral services of Bro. John W. Eaton. June 4 elected 
officers: A. M. Bumpus, W. M.; D. C. Searles, S. W. ; W. S. Treat, J. W.; 
David Cargill, Chap.; E. S. Coding, Sec; J. A. Rich, Treas. June 24, 1885, 
were elected the same officers as last year except that R. C. Boothby was made 
tyler. Public installation July 1, R. C. Boothby, P. M., installing officer. 
January 20, 1886, a contribution was sent to the sufferers by the Galveston, 
Texas, fire. June 10 election of officers: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat, 
S. W.; H. W. Bailey, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; J. A. Record, Sec; David 
Cargill, Chap. December 15 funeral of Bro. C. S. Hutchins. March 9, 1887, 
D. D. G. M. Geo. S. Woodman made an official visit. June 1 annual meeting. 
Officers chosen: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat, S. W.; H. W. Bailey, 
J. W.; R. C. Boothby, Sec; R. W. Weld, Treas. Public installation June 15, 
P. M. R. C. Boothby, installing officer. After the installation Mrs S. J. Burgess, 
in behalf of ladies interested in the lodge, presented the brethren an elegant 
Bible. A magnificent banquet followed. January 25, 1888, the death of Bro. 
Albert G. French was reported. June 20 elected W. S. Treat, W. M.; H. W. 
Bailey, S. W.; H. H. Dyke, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C. Boothby, Sec. 
June 30 they were publicly installed, David Cargill, P. G. M., officiating. 
August 15 the death of Bro. H. H. White was reported. June 11, 1889, 
attended the funeral of Dr Albion R. Millett, a worthy brother. July 10 were 
installed the officers-elect: W. S. Treat, W. M.; Henry W. Bailey, S. W.; 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 263 

Davilla S. Thompson, J. W.; Roswell C. Boothby, Sec; Stephen J. Burgess, 
Marshal; David Cargill, Chap.; Clinton Newman, Tyler. April 8, 1890, R. C. 
Boothby, having been made I). D. G. M., visited the lodge oflicially and made 
corrections in the work. May 28, 1890, officers elected: D. S. Thompson, 
W. M.; R. M. Maxim, S. W.; J. G. Ham, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C. 
Boothby, Sec. Public installation June 10, P. M. W. S. Treat officiating. 
February 18, 1891, the third degree was conferred by the officers of Oriental 
Star Lodge. April 22 the death of Bro. Sullivan Newman was reported. The 
lodge June 1, 1891, has 95 members, is practically free from debt, with 
brotherly love existing among the craftsmen, and the prospect that much 
benefit will be realized through its labors. 

Androscoggin Chapter of R. A. M, No. o4-, Liocrmort' Falh, was instituted 
in 1871 at Canton. A petition signed by 13 R. A. Masons, recommended by 
King Hiram Chapter of Lewiston, was forwarded to M. E. Stephen J. Young, 
G. H. P., asking for a dispensation, which was granted January 21, 1871, to 
Hiram A. Ellis, Charles A. Coolidge, Otis Playford, Jr, John D. Hodge, R. E. 
Hathaway, Gideon Ellis, and George W. Moore of Cant6n, H. T. Gleason, J. 
H. Gleason, P. M. Edwards, and John H. Ellis of Mexico, H. F. Howard of 
Dixfield, Wm H. H. Wood of Livermore Falls. The officers named were : 
Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; John H. Ellis, Scribe. The 
chapter was opened January 30, 1871, at Masonic Hall in Canton, which had 
been erected the previous summer for this purpose, and duly organized, with 
these officers: M. E. Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; ex-Comps. John D. Hodge, 
King; John H. Ellis, Scribe; Comps. Henry F. Howard, Treas.; Hiram A. 
Ellis, Sec. ; C. T. Gleason, P. S. ; George W. Moore, C. H. ; Charles A. Cool- 
idge, R. A. C. ; C. E. Philoon, M. 3d V. ; R. E. Hathaway, M. 2d V. ; W. H. H. 
Wood, M, 1st v.; P. M. Edmunds, Sent. It received its charter, dated May 
3, 1871, June 26, 1871, when these officers were chosen : M. E. Otis Hayford, 
H. P. ; John D. Hodge, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; 
Hiram A. Ellis, Sec. October 6 there were present M. E. Stephen J. Young, 
G. H. P. ; Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. ; Comp. Dura Bradford as G. C. ; 
Comp. Geo. W. Moore as G. C. of H., and the chapter was duly constituted, 
after which the above officers were installed by M. E. Stephen J. Young, G. 
H. P., as were also these appointed officers : Geo. W. Moore, C. H. ; Wm H. 
H. Washburn, P. S. ; C. A. Coolidge, R. A. C. ; C. S. Brown, M. 3d V. ; Wm 
K. Decoster, M. 2d V.; John N. Read, M. 1st V.; Isaac A. Ellis, S. S.; C. E. 
Philoon, J. S.; Rev. O. H. Johnson, Chap.; F. M. Mayo, Sent. 

August 15, 1872, Masonic Hall, Canton, was dedicated, these taking part 
Oriental Star Lodge, No. 21, Livermore ; King Hiram Lodge, No. 57, Dixfield 
Nezinscot Lodge, No. 101, Turner; Evening Star Lodge, No. 147, Buckfield 
Whitney Lodge, No. 167, Canton ; Androscoggin R. A. Chapter ; Grand Lodge 
of Maine, M. W. David Cargill, G. M.; Grand Chapter of Maine, M. E. John 



264 History of Androscoggin County. 

W. Ballou, G. H. P. Comp. Gideon Ellis, the oldest member of the chapter, 
died November 1, 1872, in his 77th year. December, 1873, Comp. Gilbert L. 
Heald died. January 1, 1876, the chapter had 60 members; the following 
from this county: Wm H. H. Wood, Frank Garcelon, Elijah and Marshman 
E. Wardsvvorth, Roswell C. Boothhy, Livermore Falls ; Welcome F. Fuller and 
Henry Clay Munson, Turner; Charles Jones, Livermore. P^lected officers: 
June 17, 1872, Otis Hayford, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; Dura Bradford, 
Scribe; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 9, 1873, John D. 
Hodge, H. P.; Dura Bradford, King; George W. Moore, Scribe; Oscar Hay- 
ford, Treas.; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 29, 1874, M. E. Dura Bradford, H. P.; 
W. H. Washburn, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H. 
A. Ellis, Sec. June 14, 1875, the only change is that of Otis Hayford, Sec. 

For some years the chapter was prosperous, then interest waxed cold, pay- 
ment of dues was neglected, only a faithful few preserved its vitality, and the 
roll of the officers would be very nearly the annual repetition of their names. 
Things grew from bad to worse as the years wore on. In 1887 the chapter was 
holding its meetings in the hall of the brick store, as the old Masonic Hall was 
let and occupied for other than Masonic purposes since the fire of January 28, 
1887, and in October a chapter was opened. Finding the old hall not in con- 
dition to hold said meeting, it was voted to act with Whitney Lodge to see 
what should be done with the furniture and other fixtures, and to see what 
arrangements could be made with the lodge to use said hall in common with 
the lodge; also voted to write for a dispensation to elect officers at the regular 
convocation in November, having failed to do so at the annual meeting. 
November 28, Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, was chosen H. P.; Thos. Raymond, King; 
A.Delano, Scribe; James H. Burbank, Treas. Again the chapter failed to 
elect officers, and August 20, 1888, a dispensation was again asked for, and the 
visit of some grand officer with whom to consult was requested. The dispen- 
sation was granted, and September 15 officers were elected, and October 15, 
installed: Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, H. P.; Thos. Reynolds, King; John D. Hodge, 
Scribe; E. R. Oldham, C. H.; C. M. Holland, R. A. C, with others. Decem- 
ber 17 a convocation was held in Grange Hall, Canton, under a dispensation, 
and a counsel was held with the Grand Scribe. At a later convocation 14 
members were deprived of membership for arrearages of dues. April 15, 1889, 
voted 18 to 1 in favor of removal to Livermore Falls. 

The first meeting at Livermore Falls was the annual convocation, June 10, 
1889. R. C. lioothby was chosen H. P. ; B. C. Waite, K. ; W. S. Treat, Scribe ; 
who were installed by M. E. Dura Bradford, P. H. P. June 30, 1890, R. C. 
Boothby was elected and installed H. P.; W. S. Treat, K. ; I). S. Thompson, 
S. J. G. Ham was then appointed C. of H. ; E. Eaton, P. S. ; S. E. Perkins, 
R. A. C. ; C. R. Loring, M. 3d V. ; E. S. Coding, M. 2d V. ; D. C. Searles, M. 
1st V. Comp. David Cargill was made an honorary member. November 25 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 265 

A. M. Roak, H. P. of Bradford Chapter, by request confers the R. A. degree 
on several substitutes. There are now (Jun-e 1, 1891,) 54 members, seven 
having been received the past year and one dimitted. In its new home the 
chapter is in good condition, and bids fair to have a flourishing future. Among 
its treasures the chapter cherishes a gavel made in Jerusalem ; the head is of 
olive wood from Mt Olivet, the handle of wood grown on the banks of the 
Jordan. This was a present from Rev. A. C. Herrick. 

ODD FELLOWSHIP. 

Manufacturers and Mechanies Lodge, No. 62, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was 
instituted March 19, 1853, by D. G. M. John Read, assisted by J. B. Ham 
as Grand Marshal, Ebenezer Ham as Grand Secretary, Stephen H. Read as 
Grand Treasurer, Ham Brooks as Grand Warden. The petition was signed by 
Jordan K. Piper, George Webb, E. D. Clark, George Latham, and Charles J. 
Greene, all residents of Lewiston. It is not known when or where they joined 
the order. The charter was granted by the Grand Lodge in July, 1853. The 
lodge was unquestionably instituted in a small hall in the upper part of Jones's 
Block, which was occupied by them for some time, renting it of a temperance 
society who controlled it and subsequently leased it. The first officers installed 
were: Geo. Webb, N. G.; Geo. Latham, V. G.; E. D. Clark, R. Sec; Charles 
J. Green, Treas. Geo. W. Farr, Hermon L. Guild, Benj. Dexter, Hanson W. 
Small, David S. Parker, and James Lewis were elected and initiated at the 
meeting. This was the first lodge instituted in Lewiston, and entered upon a 
season of unusual prosperity, additions being made to its membership at nearly 
every meeting. This prosperity continued for several years; but from 1855 
to 1861 the order in the state was suffering much from depletion in member- 
ship owing, in a large measure, to the imperfect administration of its financial 
affairs. At that time the relation between dues and weekly benefits was 
not properly adjusted. During these years many of the lodges throughout the 
country were financially ruined. The lodge was involved in the general depres- 
sion, but continued to administer its affairs until September 20, 1858. From 
that time until October 3, 1859, there are no records of any sessions. It met 
October 10, 1859, in the hall over Keyes's store. This was on the northerly side 
of Haymarket Square, the building next to the Frye house. This hall they 
secured for $25 per annum. Subsequently another room for an anteroom was 
leased for $5 per annum, which made comfortable and convenient rooms for a 
short time. The installation of officers, October 21, 1859, was in the hall of 
Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. They were installed by D. G. M. Nahura 
Morrill, as follows : Geo. W. Farr, N. G. ; J. W. Hutchinson, V. G. ; E. D. 
Johnson, Rec. Sec. ; George Webb, Treas. These rooms were soon too small, 
and a committee was raised January 16, 1860, to ascertain if the lodge could 
procure Cutter's Hall, which was obtained for t|55 per year, and January 25, 



206 History of Androscoggin County. 



1860, it was occupied, holding the first meeting January 30. The lodge did 
some repairing in the hall, had it lighted with gas, and the floor neatly car- 
peted. Prosperity was now assured. Accessions were made at almost every 
meeting. In 1864, owing in a great measure to increase in membership, a 
committee was appointed to secure a hall better adapted to their needs, and 
sufiiciently large to give them ample accommodations. This reported Septem- 
ber 28, 1864, in favor of rooms in Central Block. The lodge voted to occupy 
the rooms, which were fitted up at an expense of #96.68, the carpet being paid 
for by subscription. These were comfortable and convenient quarters, with 
sufficient room for work, and the lodge was supplied with ample means to carry 
on its charitable and fraternal labors. This hall was occupied until June, 
1870. On Sunday morning, June 12, 1870, the westerly portion of Central 
Block, which included Odd Fellows Hall, was destroyed. The lodge lost its 
furniture, and the most of its paraphernalia. The loss was '$800, with an 
insurance of -1500. From June 15 to September 14, 1870, the lodge held 
weekly sessions in the hall of Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. At the first 
session after the fire, June 15, the lodge chose Geo. A. Callahan, Warren E. 
Pressey, and Geo. A. Drew to act with a committee of Androscoggin Lodge in 
procuring and furnishing a new hall. Rooms were found in Union Block. 
They were completed, fitted up, furnished, and formally delivered to the joint 
committee, Tuesday evening, September 13, 1870, and were occupied by this 
lodge on the following evening. The hall was also occupied by Andros- 
coggin Lodge and Worombus Encampment. At this time Manufacturers and 
Mechanics Lodge entered upon a period of marked prosperity. It has con- 
stantly increased in numbers as well as influence, and is to-day among the 
large and strong lodges of the state. Desiring larger and better accommoda- 
tions, the lodge in connection with Golden Rule Lodge, leased the upper story 
of Odd Fellows Block for the use of the order in this city. The expense to 
this lodge in finishing and furnishing was about -f 1,500, and the members joined 
with Golden Rule Lodge in the dedication, January 8, 1877, with pride and 
satisfaction. The hall and adjoining rooms are among the best in the state and 
are especially adapted to the needs of the lodge. They were occupied for the 
first time by this lodge, in January, 1877. The lodge has expended for the 
relief of its members about 'il'27,000, an average of more than -1700 per annum. 
Its membership is 408. In 1872 Geo. A. Callahan of this lodge was elected 
Grand Master, and filled the office with much satisfaction to the order 
througliout the state. At the annual session of the Grand Lodge in 1873, he 
was elected representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, where he acquired 
a thorough knowledge of the work of the order, and undoubtedly did more 
than any of his predecessors to perfect it among the lodges of this jurisdiction. 
Golden Mule Lodge, No. 73, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was instituted September 
26, 1873, by Grand M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by Grand Sec. Joshua Davis, 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 267 

Past Grand Masters Benjamin Kingsbury and J. E. Haseltine. The charter 
members were George A. Callahan, Silas W. Cook, George A. Drew, George 
W. Maxfield, Arthur S. Melcher, Fred A. Hall, Eben J. Atwood, Samuel O. 
Wood, Edwin Wakefield, Ai Brooks, Abel D. Cook, Isaac H. Estes, Milton C. 
Wedgwood, Wm F. Garcelon, Thos W. Murch, Thos A. Eastman. Eleven of 
them came from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, and five from Andros- 
coggin Lodge of Auburn. The following were initiated in Manufacturers and 
Mechanics Lodge: George A. Callahan, February 18, 1863; Silas W. Cook, 
January 31, 1872; George A. Drew, June 19, 1869; George W. Maxfield, 
February 5, 1867; Arthur S. Melcher, February 19, 1873; Fred A. Hall, 
February 19, 1873 ; Eben J. Atwood, May 4, 1869 ; S. O. Wood, May 21, 
1873; Edwin Wakefield, February 27, 1872; A. D. Cook, August 6, 1873; L 
H. Estes, May 31, 1871 ; and the following in Androscoggin Lodge : William 
F. Garcelon, January 10, 1870; M. C. Wedgwood, October 3, 1870; Ai 
Brooks, May 17, 1869; T. W. Murch, January 23, 1871; T. A. Eastman, 
March 25, 1872. The grand officers installed Ai Brooks, N. G.; S. W. Cook, 
V. G.; S. O. Wood, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall, P. Sec; and T. W. Murch, 
Treas. The charter was granted August 11, 1874. The lodge purchased one- 
half of the furniture and paraphernalia of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, 
and became joint tenant of its hall, where it held weekly sessions until January 
11, 1877, when it occupied its present rooms in Odd Fellows Block. At this 
session, the first in the new hall, these officers were publicly installed: Thos H. 
Jordan, N. G.; D. Horace Holman, V. G,; J. G. Elder, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall, 
P. Sec; L. C. Peck, Treas. This hall was jointly fitted up by Manufacturers 
and Mechanics Lodge and this lodge, at an expense of |3,000. It contains a hall 
for regular sessions, a banquet hall, and several anterooms. The hall was pub- 
licly dedicated January, 1877, by G. M. Stephen K. Dyer. In his communication 
to the Grand Lodge, held in Portland, August 14, 1877, the Grand Master said: 

January 8, 1877, I visited Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, No. 62, and Golden Rule 
Lodge, No. 73, in the city of Lewiston. Assisted by S. P. Getchell, G. M., Chas H. 
Blake, G. Chap., J. E. Haseltine and J. N. Read, P. G. Representatives, and Past Grands 
A. D. Smith, 0. G. Douglass, and S. W. Cook, I publicly dedicated their beautiful hall, one 
of the largest and finest in the state, and I congratulated the brethren upon the prosperity 
that has attended them in thus pi'oviding themselves with such a comfortable home. At 
the conclusion of the dedicatory service we had the pleasure of listening to an able address 
delivered by Rev. Bro. Bolton, which added much to the interest of the occasion. 

The officers were publicly installed by the Grand Master, January 7, 1878. 
This was the first installation by the Grand Master, and we quote from his 
annual communication to the Grand Lodge his reference to it: — 

January 7, in the presence of a large assembly of invited friends, with the assistance of 
the Grand Marshal and Past Grands Pressey, Snow, and Cook, I installed the officers of 



268 History of Androscoggin County. 

Golden Rule Lodge, No. 73, at Lewiston. Here I found Odd Fellowship in its most luxu- 
riant growth. Our brethren here had prepared a rich and bounteous banquet in the 
commodious anterooms of their beautiful hall, to which at the close of the installation 
ceremony, all present were invited. The warm greeting the ofiflcers of the Grand Lodge 
received will never be forgotten. 

At the annual session of the Grand Lodge held at Auburn, August 8, 1882, 
Silas W. Cook of this lodge was elected Grand Master and held the position 
with honor to himself and fidelity to the order. In 1883 he was elected repre- 
sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, and held the office for two years. 
Geo. W. Goss was elected Grand Master at the session of the Grand Lodge 
held in Portland, August 9, 1887. He was an able officer and served with 
much acceptance. In 1888 he was elected representative to the Sovereign 
Grand Lodge, holding the office for two years and occupying positions upon 
important committees. The lodge has expended more than 'if!l2,000 in relief of 
its members, and is in a prosperous condition, with a merabershijD of 250. 

Worombus Encampment^ No. 13, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston. — The warrant for the 
institution of Worombus Encampment was dated April 25, 1848, and signed by 
Benjamin Kingsbury, G. P., and Nathaniel F. Deering, G. S. The petitioners 
were J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, Elisha Turner, Benjamin Dunn, Temple Tib- 
betts. Nelson B. Reynolds, Uriah Read, Levi A. Gould, and William T. Plaisted. 
The institution took place at Odd Fellows Hall in Auburn, April 27, 1848, 
under the direction of Nathaniel F. Deering, Acting G. P. ; Edward P. Banks, 
Acting G. H. P.; Wm E. Kimball, G. S. W. ; Fred W. Nichols, Acting G. S.; 
Nathaniel Walker, Acting G. T. After the institution of the encampment 
these patriarchs were elected and installed : Levi A. Gould, J. W. ; Elisha 
Turner, Treas. ; Benjamin Dunn, Scribe; S. P. Gorham, S. W. ; N.B.Reynolds, 
H. P.; J. C. Lane, C. P.; W. T. Plaisted, G. ; Temple Tibbetts, S. W. ; Uriah 
Read, T. W. In the evening Geo. W. Foss, Dan Read, 3d, Almon C. Pray, 
Stephen Blethen, Daniel B. Hawks, and Ai Brooks received the degrees. 

The encampment experienced usual prosperity, holding regular sessions 
until August 10, 1857. Then followed a period of great depression, from 
which the order throughout the country suffered. It was largely occasioned 
by the false basis on which the financial principles of the order rested. From 
the above date until January 26, 1869, no session was held. The charter had 
not been recalled, having been cared for by some of the members. The few 
patriarchs who remained in the vicinity were anxious to have the encampment 
revived, and the officers of the Grand Encampment appointed a meeting for 
January 26, 1869, and reorganized under the old charter. Not enough of the 
old members could be found to constitute a quorum, and the grand officers 
were compelled to initiate new members before the organization could be 
perfected. The grand officers were: James E. Haseltine, G. P.; C. C. 
Hayes, Acting G. H. P.; George A. Walden, G. S. W.; Charles H. Rich, 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 269 

G. J. W.; George F. Mariner, G. S.; Charles B. Nash, G.T.; N. G. Cummings, 
G. S. The officers were: Almon C. Pray, C. P.; Geo. A. Callahan, H. P.; 
John Holt, S. W. ; C. S. Emerson, J. W. ; J. M. Cook, Scribe ; Frank H. Riggs, 
Treas. With this new lease of life the encampment commenced a period of 
usefulness and unremitted prosperity. It has now a large and steadily increas- 
ing membership, and is bestowing its bounties as well as its charities to those 
deserving. The past chief patriarchs are : J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, N. B. 
Reynolds, Benjamin Dunn, Geo. W. Foss, Almon C. Pray, Samuel Stetson, 
Everett H. Jones, Nahum Morrill, Dan Read, 3d, Uriah Read, John Holt, Geo. 
A. Callahan, J. M. Cook, Geo. A. Drew, Wm F. Garcelon, Hiram Snow, Wm 
Pulverman, Ai Brooks, J. D. Johnson, S. W. Cook, J. O. Nickerson, C. B. 
Heath, Frank A. Conant, Thomas W. Murch, Arion C. Peirce, John L. Pea- 
body, Melvin J. Googin, D. H. Holman, Thomas H. Jordan, Geo. W. Furbush, 
J. G. Elder, Lewis C. Peck, Albert L. Wells, Geo. F. Turner, Chas H. Plobbs, 
John S. Manson, Albion K. (3rdway, E. T. Hatch, L. P. Woodbury, Geo. W. 
Goss, Chas H. Osgood, R. W. Clark, Fred L Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins, 
Everett E. Read, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Thomas F. Palmer, James M. Sherman, 
Robert W. Keist, Chas O. Morrell, E. O. Carll, J. E. Bailey, L. W. Daly. 

Grand Canton Worombus, JVo. 1, I. 0. 0. F. — The organization of a 
military branch of the order was a matter of special legislation by the 
Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1885. In 1884 a special committee was appointed, 
authorized to present a plan for such an organization at the next session of the 
Sovereign Grand Lodge. The plan presented, with slight modifications, was 
adopted at the session of 1885, a commanding officer elected, and measures 
adopted to institute cantons throughout the United States. Inspired with the 
belief that such an organization would give a healthful enthusiasm to the order, 
some of the members in this communit}'' took measures to secure the institution 
of one at Lewiston. The organization was perfected and a Grand Canton 
instituted February 16, 1886, by Lieut-Gen. J. C. Underwood, assisted by 
Lieut-Col Henry A. Cox as aide-de-camp. The officers were Henry M. 
Sprague, Com.; Chandler H. Barron, Lieut; J. M. Sherman, E.; J. M. 
Fernald, C. ; L. W. Daly, A. The charter members were : Oscar G. Douglass, 
Leonard P. Woodbury, Geo. W. Goss, Geo. A. Callahan, Geo. A. Drew, Edgar 
J. Riker, Arthur S. Melcher, John E. Miller, Lewis C. Peck, John Davis, 
Geo. W. Maxlield, Geo. H. Harmon, Wm H. Roberts, James Cooper, Wm 
Pulverman, Horace C. Beal, Dennis Harris, Chandler H. Barron, Rendall W. 
Clark, Fred I. Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins, Israel B. Merrill, Rendall Dresser, 
Eben W. Dresser, Chas F. Goss, Benjamin F. Getchell, Henry T. Haskell, 
John Richardson, John L. Frost, Wm A. Shackford, Geo. W. Monk, Chas H. 
Foster, Jas S. Randall, Albert B. Nealey, John L. Peabody, Jas M. Fernald, 
Frank A. Conant, D. Horace Holman, Edwin Wakefield, Edward M. Lowell, 
Phil P. Getchell, Geo. F. Turner, Henry M. Austin, Byron A. Bearce, Chas 



270 History of Androscoggin County. 



F. Cornish, Reuben M. Gordon, Chas W. Hill, Lucius C. Robbins, Palmer O. 
Spinney, Geo. W. P'urbush, Albert A. Foss, J. Frank Pickering, Fred Olfene, 
James O. Nickerson, Robert W. Keist, Jas M. Sherman, J. G. Elder, Herbert 
A. Cole, Alvah Doten, Jas T. Small, Ivory D. Stevens, Chauncy B. White, 
Fred G. Payne, Abner Linnell, Edwin O. Carll, John Corrigan, Edwin A. 
Lane, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Samuel H. Foster, Lorenzo W. Daly, Edwin N. 
Hutchins, Charles G. Corliss, Melvin J. Googin, Clinton B. Heath, Frank W. 
Dana, Daniel Guptill, John F. Lamb, Benj. Palmer, Silas W. Cook, Albion K. 
Ordway, Nahum Morrill, Wm E. Longley, Edward H. Kimball, Geo. W. 
Metcalf, Everett E. Read, Wm Dixon, Anson O. Wight, Thos Casson, Arthur 
E. Madison, Geo. L. Read, Henry B. Stearns, Wm A. Haines, Benj. B. 
Bradford, Anson Gilman, Warren E. Riker, Geo. W. Proctor, Fred A. Hall, 
Alvin T. Neal, Hiram A. Morrell, Chas H. Osgood, Chester M. Lord, David 
Williams, David P. Field, Henry H. Hanson, Fred S. Weymouth, Levi 
Greenleaf, John Harper, William Olfene, Charles Davis, Orrin A. Horr, Geo. 
H. Harris, Isaiah Merrill, Frank E. Sleeper, Wm H. Newell, Leonard C. 
Moore, Frank L. Noble, Wm Dickey, Henry A. Torsey, Horace C. Little, 
Frank G. Ham, Chas H. Hinckley, Wm Entwistle, Jos. H. Day, Chas W. 
Dexter, Chas S. Crowell, Geo. M. Coombs, Rufus Carr, Sewell H. Bagley, 
Thomas W. Murch, Marshall Emery, John T. Hale, Thomas F. Palmer. The 
canton has a drill corps of 34 members and three officers, which has been 
thoroughly trained, under the direction of Major Brabson. At a tournament 
at Cincinnati, July 26, 1888, participated in by drill corps throughout the 
country, they won the sixth prize, which was a banner, valued at $300, a 
purse of $200, and a gold medal valued at $100. 

Sahattus River Lodge, No. 21, I. 0. 0. jP., Lisbofi,^ was instituted March 
17, 1874, by G. M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by W. F. Garcelon, D. G. M., Geo. 
A. Callahan, G. S., Daniel l^ucas, G. G., I. Hicks, G. M. The charter mem- 
bers were A. Callahan, J. M. Corbett, Thomas Judd, C. H. Keopka, John 
Marsden, F. H. Amback, E. M. Shaw, G. L. Stone. The officers installed 
at the first meeting were E. M. Shaw, N. G.; F. H. Amback, V. G.; J. M. 
Corbett, Treas. ; William Sheehan, Sec. From its organization Sabattus River 
Lodge has added constantly to its membership, and is socially and financially 
one of the best lodges of the order in the state. There are 109 members in good 
standing. The lodge owns its hall building, purchased in 1875, and valued at 
$2,000, has a paraphernalia second to none in Maine and valued at $500, and 
has a handsome amount in its treasury, with a large sum in investments. 
Past Grands — Augustus Callahan, E. M. Shaw, F. H. Amback, Wm Sheehan, 
N. J. Shaw, G. R. Avery, John Willard, A. H. Macurda, J. C. Moore, N. J. 
Wedgwood, M.D., A. Wakefield, Wm H. Miles, Frank Miles, Simeon Stone, 
Harrison Glidden, Thomas Douglass, A. W. Potter, M.D., H. G. Spear, Frank 

1 By C. A. Jordan, Secretary. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 271 

A. Jordan, H. P. Thompson, R. G. Greene, B. F. Thorn, Virgil Crockett, W. 
D. Byrnes, E. T. Smith, C. H. Foster, M. D. Oiificers, December, 1890: 
Charles Slater, N. G.; Frank Haley, V. G. ; Charles A. Jordan, Sec; Arthur 
Wakefield, Treas. 

Monami Lodge ^ No. ^O, L 0. 0. F., MecJianic Falls. — This lodge was insti- 
tuted by G. M. F. N. Laughton and other grand officers, November 20, 1874, 
at J. A. Bucknam's hall. In the previous September Alvin Reed, Charles 
Dwinal, F. A. Millett, G. L, Reed, and D. N. McCann held an informal meet- 
ing to consider the propriety of an organization. Their petition for a charter 
was granted, and the lodge entered upon a career of continued prosperity. 
A. C. Denison, A. J. Weston, C, M, Cram, A. L. Gaubert, Luther Perkins, 
J. H. Fernald, Charles Lane, J. I. Martin, D. B. Perry, J. W. Pray, J. J. 
Bucknam, and D. F. Cummings were accepted and instructed in the degrees 
at the first meeting. The first officers were: Alvin Reed, N. G. ; D.N. 
McCann, V. G.; G. L. Reed, Sec; Wm Whitney, Treas.; C. H. Dwinal, W.; 
F. A. Millett, C; D. F. Cummings, O. G.; John Pray, L G.; A. J. Weston, 
R. S. N. G.; A. L. Gaubert, L. S. N. G. ; D. B. Perry, R. S. V. G.; Charles 
Lane, L. S. V. G.; J. I. Martin, R. S. S.; J. J. Bucknam, L. S. S. In 1888 
the lodge had 211 members in good standing, and owned real estate and other 
property to the amount of i<3,000. This membership had increased to 223 in 
April, 1891. During ten years prior to 1888 it relieved 161 brothers, paid out 
for sick benefits 14,182, for burying the dead |2,200, and to widows 11,800. 
Colfax Lodge, No. 27, Daughters of Rebekah, connected with this lodge, is in 
a flourishing condition. Among the officers, June, 1891, are: R. C. Mayberry, 
N. G.; A. B. Clapp, V. G.; E. K. Holbrook, R. Sec; O. H. Guptil, P. Sec; 
Z. Lane, Treas.; A. S. Ellsworth, W.; C. P. Lawrence, C; F. Newport, Chap. ; 
F. A. Millett, M.; Geo. E. Moore, L. The Past Grands are Alvin Reed, A. 
Lewis Gaubert, George L. Reed, Palmer T. Murray, Nathaniel Gammon, 
Hiram Perkins, David F. Cummings, Charles F. Brown, Herbert A. Gerry, 
Addison E. True, Albert V. Hathaway, Frank E. Thurlow, E. F. Bradford, 
T. D. Sale, O. H. Guptill, C. H. Dwinal, Andrew J. Weston, F. A. Millett, 
John W. Pray, Calvin M. Cram, Dimon B. Perry, John F. Briggs, Jesse M. 
Libby, Luther Perkins, John E. Saunders, George W. Bobbins, J. K. Denning, 
W. W. Dennen, Ernest K. Holbrook, Charles Lane, George Andrews. 

Orion Encampment, No. 27., I. 0. 0. F.., Mechanic Falh. — November 20, 
1878, Orion Encampment was instituted by G. C. P. E. C. Chamberlain, 
assisted by other grand officers, a charter having been granted on the petition 
of G. L. Reed, F. A. Millett, E. A. Gammon, Wm Whitney, Hiram Perkins, 
J. J. Bucknam, D. B. Perry, I. A. Denison, P. T. Murray, and W. M. Green- 
leaf. The first officers were: G. L. Reed, C. P.; F. A. Millett, H. P.; P. T. 
Murray, S. W.; J. J. Bucknam, J. W.; W. M. Greenleaf, Scribe; Hiram 
Perkins, Treas. The encampment has grown steadily from its organization, 



272 History of Androscoggin County. 



and is now in a prosperous condition with sixty members. The officers for 
term ending June 30, 1891 are: O. H. Guptill, C. P.; A. V. Hathaway, H. P.; 
A. E. True, S. W. ; A. B. Clapp, J. W.; L. W. Mason, Scribe; J. J. Bucknam, 
Treas. ; II. C. Mayberry, G.; Charles Lawrence, I. S.; W. E. Morton, O. S. 
The past chief patriarchs are: George L. Reed, F. A. Millett, Dimon B. Perry, 
Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf, P. D. Herrick, Luther 
Perkins, A. J. Weston, A. L. Gaubert, E. A. Thomas, G. W. Robbins, S. T. 
Rowe, F. E. Thurlow, A. V. Hathaway, H. E. Thurston. The Past High 
Priests are: Frank A. Millett, Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf, 
John W. Pray, E. A. Thomas, A. E. True, W. W. Dennen. 

Livermore Falls Lodge., No. 83, I. 0. 0. F., East Livermore, was organized 
June 9, 1881, with these charter members: David Cargill, D. F. Blount, A. B. 
Swift, H. H. Dyke, O. A. Barker, Granville Richmond, J. F. Lamb, S. E. 
Perkins, J. W. Dunham. The first officers were: David Cargill, N. G.; John 
W. Dunham, V. G.; D. F. Blount, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; O. A. Barker, 
W.; C. B. Knapp, C; J. F. Lamb, R. S. S.; C. F. Brown, L. S. S.; H. W. 
Bailey, I. G. ; W. S. Francis, O. G.; A. B. Swift, R. S. N. G.; H. H. Dyke, 
L. S. N. G.; S. E. Perkins, R. S. V. G. ; R. W. Weed, L. S. V. G. The first 
year 27 joined the lodge, 15 during the second year, 16 in the third, nine in 
the fourth, 12 in the fifth, 20 in the sixth, 11 in the seventh, 12 in the eighth, 
and in its ninth year 37 became members. The membership March, 1891, was 
148. The officers then were: C. H. Dean, N. G.; F. H. Foss, V. G.; C. H. 
Gibbs, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; Alfred Riggs, W. ; J. Ridley, Con.; A. S. 
Wyman, R. S. S.; C. H. Thurston, L. S. S.; F. A. Millett, I. G. ; S. Smith, 

0. G.; C. P. Brown, R. S. N. G. ; R. J. Mitchell, L. S. N. G.; Carroll D. 
Cargill, R. S. V. G.; F. A. Wendell, L. S. V. G.; David Cargill, Chap. Past 
Grands — l>Ay-i& Cargill, J. W. Dunham, R. W. Weld, F. A. Millett, H. E. 
Haines, James Ridley, C. H. Gibbs, H. C. Burcely, E. C. Dow, C. E. Knight, 

1. T. Monroe, Wilder Pettingill. The lodge has had a most prosperous 
existence, and has erected Odd Fellows Block on Depot street. This block, 
an ornament to the village, cost 17,000, is 70 x 40 feet in size, and has three 
stories; the first one contains two stores, which, with the two suites of rooms 
in the second story, are rented, while the third is devoted to lodge purposes. 
The hall was dedicated June 11, 1891. 

Worumho Lodfie, No. 107, 1. 0. 0. F., Lisbon Falls,^ was instituted in Masonic 
Hall, Parkin's Block, June 25, 1884, by J. Henry Crockett, G. M., assisted 
by R. B. Capen, G. W., Joshua Davis, G. Sec, Stephen K. Dyer, G. Treas., 
Wm E. Plummer, G. M., and Geo. W. Goss, D. D. G. M. Its charter mem- 
bers were: Simeon Stone, N. G. ; Wm E. Stevens, V. G.; Benj. F. Thorn, Sec; 
Thos C. Rogers, Treas.; Geo. H. Lanaaster, Geo. D. Frost, Geo. R. Foster, A. 
D, Sawyer, Jeremiah Philbrook, A. T. Bibber, Chas E. Applehy, Jas E. Berry, 

1 By William Parkin, Secretary. 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 273 

Frank Maines, E. C Tarr, Luke B. Taylor, Chas IT. Keopka, and Harris Gins- 
burg. Names in italics are those of Past Grands. Having been very prosperous 
both financially and in other ways, April 3, 1889, the lodge removed from 
Masonic Hall into the large hall adjoining, which they leased for seven years, 
and furnished to the satisfaction of every member. At this date (July 23, 
1890,) the lodge is in a flourishing condition, with the following named 
members admitted since its institution : L. L. Barrell, Wm Maines, Geo. E. 
I'hilbrook, Frank A. Coombs, Vincent A. Hogan, G. Eugene Robbins, TFm //. 
Foster, Elmer E. Gordon, W. T. Brodmerckel, Geo. W. Pratt, Reuben Harmon, 
A. D. Holmes, Jas H. Eaton, Edward 31. Holland, Jno. S. Randall, Wm 
Gyngell, Thos B. Brooks, Joseph H. Rabner, Jas S. Sakind, Albert Risska, Jas 
H. Eacott, Walter E. Plummer, W/n A. Brimijout, Moses Sheehy, Geo. H. 
White, Ofis S. Whife, Geo. W. Beal, Jas A. Beal, Frank Wagner, Chas F. 
Hackett, Wm Schellsmidt, Geo. E. ILtskins, Fred W. Jordan, Clarence L. Proc- 
tor, Geo. W. Keene, Geo. W. Curtis, Alden A. Appleby, Joshua Wakley, Fred 
F. Prosser, G. E. Reynolds, Jno. M. Dennison, Frank L. Smith, Willard Jones, 
Benj. F. Leavitt, Jno. C. French, Robert L. Dwelley, Herbert E. Lombard, 
Wm Parkin, Lorenzo D. Libby, E. R, Campbell, C. E. Huskins, L. Irving Phil- 
brook, Boothroyd Fearnley, Geo. A. Prosser, Harry H. Severin, Herbert W. 
Pike, and Fred E. Crosman. Meetings are held on Wednesday evenings. 
The officers installed January 14, 1891, were: B. F. Leavitt, N. G.; Wm 
Parkin, V. G. ; W. E. Stevens, Sec; F. C. Rogers, Treas.; C. E. Huskins, W. 
L. I. Philbrook,C.; W. H. Foster, R. S. N. G.; B. Fearnley, L. S. N. G.; O. S. 
White, R. S. V. G.; Geo. N. Pratt, L. S. V. G.; W. Jones, R. S. S. C. ; F. 
Hackett, L. S. S.; G. E. Reynolds, Chap.; L. D. Libby, O. G.; H. E. Lombard, 
I. G. ; W. E. Stevens, W. A.Brimijoin, C). S. White, Trustees. 

Androseoijiiln Lodge, No. 24, I- 0. 0. F., Auburn,^ was organized under a 
dispensation of the Grand Lodge in Febrnary, 1845, with these charter 
members: Alonzo Garcelon, Temple Tibbetts, George W. Foss, Freeman 
Newell, S. P. Gorham, Wm R. Frye, Edward P. Weston, Nelson B. Reynolds, 
W. R. French, C-harles Clark, Daniel B. Hawk, James F. Davis, John Herrick, 
John H. Durgin, Joel Lane, Samuel Stetson, Isaac C. Thompson, James 
Dingley. The charter is dated May 2, 1845. Edward P. Weston was elected 
the first Noble Grand. He was a graduate of Bowdoin College, of the class of 
1849, and principal of Lewiston Falls Academy. He was afterwards state 
superintendent of schools, principal of Gorham Seminary and Little Blue 
School of Farmington. He died in Chicago, where he was president of a 
college. He was one of the best educators in Maine. Dr A. Garcelon, Hon. 
Wm R. Frye, Rev. W. R. French, and others, were extensively known, and 
the lodge commenced under favorable circumstances. Many applications were 
soon sent in; quite a number from adjoining towns. Several came from 

1 By H. G. Garcelon. 



274 History of Androscoggin County. 



Canton and Durham, and Lewiston was equally represented with Auburn. 
The lodge soon became a strong one, and has always been regarded one of the 
best in the state. Past (^rnw^s — Edward P. Weston, Frank W. Brooks, 
George W. Bumpus, George W. Curtis, James Dingley, George L. Duston, 
Richard Dresser, Clarence A. Davis, Ira W. Fitz, Horatio G. Garcelon, Lewis 
W. Haskell, John T. Hale, Rev. James J. Hall, Frank M. Jordan, Charles A. 
Jordan, Horace G. Kingsley, Josiah P. Longley, Edmund Libby, A. P. Lamb, 
Thomas Littlefield, Frank L. Lowell, Nahum Morrill, R. M. Mason, S. P. 
Miller, Franklin Martin, Clark Mitchell, Rev. Jason Marriner, Henry W. 
Oakes, O. C. Phillips, Merritt L Paine, John Read, Levi N. Smith, L. M. 
Starbird, L. L. Small, E. G. Spofford, Benjamin L. Tuttle, Albert E. Verrill, 
Dr L. P. Woodbury, Daniel Wood, George W. Yeaton, Clarence Young, 
Roscoe P. Wood, Frank C. Currier. Permanent Secretaries — Benjamin Dunn, 
H. G. Garcelon, J. M. Steadman, Joseph Littlefield, F. M. Brooks, George W. 
Bumpus. Mr Dunn served 12 years, Garcelon 10 years. Brooks 11 years. 
Bumpus has held the place since 1885. Treasurers — Wm S. Young, J. P. 
Longley, F. M. Jordan, Daniel Wood, James Dingley, L. W. Haskell, Frank 
A. Rendall. Recording Secretaries — James G. Read, John Read, Dana Goff, 
A. T. Bean, C. C. Frost, F. W. Gamage, W. H. Foss, H. G. Garcelon, A. M. 
Peables, O. C. Phillips, John March, H. A. Thompson, N. B. Reynolds, F. M. 
Jordan, C. F. Dunlap, Philip Briggs, J. F. Davis, Henry M. Sprague, L. L. 
Small, A. E. Verrill, Clarence Chase, George L. Duston. Since the lodge was 
organized it has had about 700 members, and now has (1890) 400. It has 
changed its place of meeting several times. For the last few years it has been 
located in Goff Block, the lodge leasing the entire upper story when it was 
built, and it was finished under its direction, so they have fine and convenient 
accommodations, and a long lease of them. Tliis hall is sublet to the other 
lodges of the order. The relief Androscoggin Lodge has afforded in times of 
sickness has been a great blessing to brethren when pecuniary aid was needed, 
and also when a few kind words and a warm grasp of the hand, with a " God 
bless you, my brother," has brought joy and comfort to the sick and affiicted. 
The words of a visiting brother Odd Fellow have often been like "aj)ples of 
gold in pictures of silver." 

JIi(/her Officers froin this Lodge. — P. G. John Read has held the office 
of Grand Master of the Grand Lodge and Grand Representative to the 
Sovereign Grand Lodge. P. G. Dr L. P. Woodbury holds an office in 
the Grand Encampment. P. G. H. G. Garcelon has been Grand Chaplain of 
the Grand Lodge. P. G. Read is secretary of Odd Fellows' Mutual Relief 
Association. 

Most of the old members have gone to their immortality. Their record 
has been made up. Tliey ever had the respect of the community at large. 
The influence they imparted to the lodge endures, and the good deeds it has 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 275 

done, and the virtues it has inculcated have been in line with the principles of 
the order, and it has always stood well with the lodges of the state. 

Aboii Ben Adhem Lodge, No. 23, I. 0. 0. F., Auburn.^ — Although this 
lodge is the youngest of this order in this vicinity, its organization and 
subsequent work make it worthy a place beside any kindred organization in 
this city, and it has had a marked influence in bringing the order to the high 
position it occupies in Auburn and Lewiston. In 1872 Odd Fellowship was 
almost unknown to the writer, he knowing, like many others, that such an 
order existed, but being entirely ignorant of its aims find purposes. At that 
time Lewiston and Auburn had but one lodge each, and such low ebb had the 
order touched that Androscoggin Lodge, of Auburn, held its meetings in Odd 
Fellows Hall, Lewiston. With such a state of affairs, it is but reasonable to 
suppose that some residents of Auburn joined Manufacturers and Mechanics 
Lodge who would have connected themselves with Androscoggin Lodge had it 
met in Auburn. The writer was one of that number, but in looking back he 
feels quite satisfied that he was ignorant of the situation, for it has enabled 
him to assist in a work that otherwise would have fallen to another. About 
this time the members of the order seemed to awake from their lethargy. 
Androscoggin Lodge began to agitate a return to its original home, new life 
seemed to be given it, a deeper interest soon prevailed, and, as a result, rooms 
were leased in Phoenix Block, Auburn, and a hall fitted up, which was 
considered second to none in the state. Li the fall of 1873 the Lewiston 
brethren felt the need of another lodge in Lewiston to such an extent that 
enough members of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge and Androscoggin 
Lodge withdrew from their respective lodges and formed Golden Rule Lodge. 
This is mentioned to show the rapid strides taken by the order inside of three 
years, and how, indirectly, the above events aided the organization of this 
lodge and are closely allied with its formation. With this addition of a lodge 
and a rapidly increasing membership, it seemed possible to some of the 
brethren of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge who resided in Auburn, to 
add greater interest to the order and a contribution to its membership by 
forming another lodge in Auburn. A few of them had been quietly at work 
for some time to accomplish this object, which was at first met by opposition 
and thought to be downright folly by those who opposed it. They argued 
that in a city which so short a time before could not support even one lodge, 
a second could but be a failure. It sometimes happens, however, that the 
greater the opposition, the more complete the success. It was so in this case. 
To C. M. Lander, Enoch Perkins, Geo. B. Briggs, and Chas S. Yeaton must be 
given, in a large measure, the credit for the existence of Abou Ben Adhem 
Lodge. They were residents of Auburn and believed in Auburn institutions. 
They met opposition with one answer: "We are bound to have another lodge." 

1 By Charles S. Yeaton, P. G. 



276 History of Androscoggin County. 



The sympathies of seven brothers of Androscoggin Lodge were enlisted, who, 
in conjunction with the 15 from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, were 
able to present quite a strong petition to the grand officers for the formation 
of another lodge. The Grand officers acted favorably upon it. Rooms had 
been secured by hiring of Androscoggin Lodge their beautiful hall. This 
lodge also kindly loaned its regalia and paraphernalia that the new lodge 
might be ready for business the night of its institution. Everything being in 
readiness, the grand officers were notified, and March 15, 1875, Grand Master 
Frederick M. Laughton, assisted by Joshua Davis, Grand Secretary, Hiram 
Snow, Deputy Grand Master, Henry P. Cox, Grand Guardian, Silas W. Cook, 
Grand Marshal, instituted Abou Ben Adhem Lodge, with these charter mem- 
bers: Isaac A. Johnson, Geo. B. Briggs, Henry L. Johnson, John D. Johnson, 
Martin W. Penley, Horace E. Penley, Chas S. Yeaton, Chas M. Lander, Enoch 
Perkins, Augustus M. Pulsifer, Chas E. Cook, Jas F. Cook, Chas A. Merrill, 
Nathan H. Lander, Henry D. Donovan, Geo. F. Stetson, Lyford N. Reynolds, 
Henry A. Noyes, Eliphalet C. Noyes, Almon W. Swett, Geo. H. Glover, Philip 
Briggs. Bros. Reynolds, E. C. and H. A. Noyes, Briggs, Swett, Glover, and 
H. E. Penley were from Androscoggin Lodge; the others from Manufacturers 
and Mechanics Lodge. 

After the institution ceremonies a dispensation was granted by the Grand 
Master to receive arid act upon applications for membership the same evening. 
The following names were presented and accepted: Chas Donovan, M. B, 
Preble, W. E. Irish, J. B. Jordan. P. G. M. Geo. A. Callahan being present, 
he was called to the chair by the Grand Master, who took that of the P. G., 
and the candidates were duly initiated. The election of officers resulted as 
follows: C. M. Lander, N. G.; Geo. F. Stetson, V. G.; Philip Briggs, R. S.; 
M. W. Penley, P. S. ; H. D. Donovan, Treas. ; Isaac A. Johnson, Enoch 
Perkins, A. W. Swett, Trustees. Grand Master Laughton then installed the 
officers. These minor officers were then appointed: Geo. B. Briggs, W.; H. A. 
Noyes, Con.; H. L. Johnson, I. G.; L. N. Reynolds, O. G. ; N. H. Lander, 
R. S. N. G.; H. E. Penley, L. S. N. G.; C. S. Yeaton, R. S. V. G.; Geo. H. 
Glover, L. S. V. G.; J. F. Cook, R. S. S. ; C. E. Cook, L. S. S. Seventeen 
applications were then read, making 21 received the evening of institution. 
The first regular meeting was hehl April 1, 1875, when two applications were 
received, and three candidates initiated. At the second meeting, April 9, two 
more applications were received, and ten initiated. June 30 (a little more 
than three months from its institution) the lodge voted "that an order be 
drawn on the treasurer, for 't800, to be phiced at interest." 

The elective ofiicers for the second term were: (ieorge F. Stetson, N. G.; 
]*hilip Briggs, V. G.; Charles Donovon, R. S.; H. D. Donovan, Treas. The 
first death occurred this term, that of Bro. Elias M. Stevens, September 24, 
1875. His death gave the lodge an opportunity to exemplify one of the great 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 277 

principles of Odd Fellowship — " Bury the dead" — and he was buried with 
all the honors of the order. October 7 Bro. Philip Briggs tendered his resig- 
nation as V. G. Bro. George B. Briggs was elected and received the full 
honors of the term. December 30 George B. Briggs was elected N. G.; Enoch 
Perkins, V. G.; Isaac A. Johnson, P. S.; F. W. Hunton, R. S.; H. D. Donovan, 
Treas. The term following Enoch Perkins was chosen N. G. Bro. Perkins 
completed his term and "was succeeded by C. S. Yeaton. 

Thus far none but charter members had been elected to the important 
office of N. G. At the election held to choose a successor to Bro. Yeaton, 
Bro. J. B. K. Drake, a 3^oung member, was elected N. G. Then followed 
Bros. F. W. Hunton, J. W. Mitchell, Charles W. Campbell, S. S. Smith, and 
George F. Sturtevant, all new members. It was now a charter member's turn, 
and Bro. Henry A. Noyes was elected, and up to date (1890) he was the last 
of the charter members to hold that office. These names are given, as upon its 
officers depend almost wholly the success or failure of a lodge. They were the 
ones to place the lodge upon a solid foundation, shape its policy, and, in many 
cases, establish precedents for future lodge rulings. " As a twig is bent the 
tree is inclined." So with a lodge. If it takes pains to instill into its members 
the necessity of aiming as near perfection as possible in conducting lodge 
affairs, every member who takes office comes better equipped than he would 
be if no attention were paid to properly conducting the business of a lodge. 
That the above officers tried hard to do this is not saying too much ; how well 
they did their work the standing of the lodge to-day is evidence. Now, what 
has been accomplished? Has it been of benefit to the community? Has it 
carried out the teachings of the order — "We command you to visit the sick," 
"relieve the distressed," "bury the dead," and "educate the orphan?" There 
have been initiated 2.34 members. There has been paid out for sick benefits 
alone J|4,000; for watching with the sick, -1200; for special relief (and by this 
I mean aside from any lodge obligations — aperially needy cases), <i)400; for 
burying the dead, |500: a total of over $5,000. In addition $300 has been paid 
for the relief of unfortunate lodges, etc. The lodge has been very liberal, yet 
it has a fund (on liand and invested) of $5,000. It has an active member- 
ship, and has had fully organized degree staffs in order to more effectually 
perform lodge-work. Abou Ben Adhem and Androscoggin lodges own jointly 
very fine paraphernalia, and some is owned separately. 

During the fifteen years of its existence this lodge has had many public 
installations, and has observed a number of its anniversaries, by addresses by 
members of the lodge, music, readings, etc. Fifteen brethren have "joined 
the majority." One was our most valuable member. Connected with all the 
degree staffs, and holding an important place in each, the death of Charles W. 
Campbell, P. G., was a severe blow. These are the names and dates of death 
of the deceased brethren: 1875, September 22, Elias M. Stevens; 1877, Feb- 



278 History of Androscoggin County. 

ruary, Frank Wilson; 1881, April 8, Elmer W. Metcalf, April 25, Joseph Niles, 
November, J. F. Tarr; 1883, May 26, L. R. Lovejoy; 1884, January 12, M. B. 
Preble, November 15, Chas E. Smith ; 1885, January 11, Benj. Conant ; 1887, 
January, M. W. Penley, March 11, Chas W. Campbell, P. G., July 5, Nathan 
Briggs ; 1888, January 20, K. M. Jordan, August 22, W. A. Cobb, December, 
F. A. Williams. 

While this lodge is composed largely of laboring men, it has some of our 
most distinguished citizens as members. First we might name Hon. A. R. 
Savage, mayor and representative of this city, who has been Supreme Dictator 
of the Supreme Lodge of Knights of Honor. Bro. Savage lias a large law 
practice; all combined makes liim a very busy man, and few men in this 
section equal him in ability. Tascus Atwood, ex-county attorney, a young 
lawyer of more than ordinary ability, has long been a brother of upright 
character; he is a credit to liis lodge and his profession. J. W. Mitchell, Esq., 
is a Past Grand, and until a rapidly increasing business compelled him to 
devote his time to his profession, was an active worker. Judge Geo. C. Wing, 
Chas E. Wing, N. W. Harris, A. M. Pulsifer, N. H. Woodbury are, or have 
been, members. Among its representative business men are Murray B. 
Watson, of the Ara Cushman Company, a thorough gentleman and con- 
sequently a good Odd Fellow, quite an active, working member ; S. B. Smith, 
at present District Deputy Grand Master; J. W. Peables, one of our old and 
respected citizens, and a prominent business man; J. H. Twombly, and many 
more I might name who give influence, character, and aid to the lodge. While 
these men impart dignity to any order they are connected with, yet, as a rule, 
it is upon the men who labor for a living (wage workers) that the work of the 
lodge falls. Every day, in the shops, in the factories, in the various trades, 
they encounter circumstances calling for just such work as Odd Fellowship is 
organized to perform. Of limited means, their sympathies are easily aroused, 
for they see how liable they are to need the aid and sympathies of others. The 
Vice Grand is chairman of the sick committee, and in a lodge of large 
membership, or when it is sickly, he must be active and see that none are 
neglected. Our business men are too busy, as a rule, to do this. They keep 
their dues paid and call themselves Odd Fellows ; but the laboring men have 
plenty of time. If a brother is sick they find time to visit him. If watchers 
are needed, they can sit up and attend to their work the next day, and if, after 
all their tenderness and devotion, the brother die, they are the ones who escort 
his body to the tomb and give him an Odd Fellow's burial. Of the 32 Noble 
Grands of this lodge, 25 were laboring men, three were in business, two were 
book-keepers, one a cashier, and one a lawyer. Of the 25, 21 were shoe- 
makers, and from the ranks of the others I could take two who worked years 
at the shoe-bench. We are in one sense a shoe-makers' lodge, and yet it is not 
too much to say that during our existence our record will compare favorably 



I 



Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 279 

with any similar organization in the state for the intelligence and efficiency of 
our officers, and the business-like manner in which the work has been done. 

The following is a complete list of those who have been honored with the 
highest office. The first two held the office of N. G. in M. and M. Lodge, and 
attained the rank of P. G. there: Isaac A. Johnson, John D. Johnson; 1875, 
Chas M. Lander, Geo. F. Stetson; 1876, Geo. B. Briggs, Enoch Perkins; 1877, 
Chas S. Yeaton, J. B. K. Drake; 1878, Fred W. Hunton, J. W. Mitchell; 1879, 
Chas W. Campbell, S. S. Smith; 1880, Geo. F. Sturtevant, Henry A. Noyes ; 
1881, Geo. A. Decoster, T. Lloyd Pratt; 1882, B. F. Metcalf, J. P>. Hunton; 
1883, J. R. Brett, B. F. Green; 1884, S. B. Smith, A. T. Gammon; 1885, 
W. R. McGibbon, H. C. Whitman; 1886, W. H. Keith, E. G. Sprague ; 1887, 

E. A. Lothrop, E. E. Randall; 1888, N. S. Rand, George W. Chase; 1889, 
M. C. Hunton, Frank Rackliff; 1890, H. J. Reckard, George W. Merrill. 
These are the men who were instrumental in the upbuilding of this lodge, 
and many of them are active in lodge work. This list embraces none who 
have had the benefit of anything but a common-school education ; none who 
can lay claim to any great distinction ; none who are possessed of great wealth 
(reckoned from a worldly standpoint), 3^et among them are those who possess 
riches (measured by a higher standard — the possession of character), and an 
earnest desire to aid and assist their fellow-men. The names of a few like 
Bros. Pratt, Sturtevant, Metcalf, Rackliff, Green, Brett, Sprague, Whitman, 
S. B. and S. S. Smith are a sufficient guarantee of this. 

Pejeijscot Encampment., No. 6\ Auhurn.,^ was instituted A[)ril 10, 1874, by 
Grand Patriarch W. E. Pressey, assisted by Chas W. French, G. H. P.; O. G. 
Douglass, G. J. W.; A. D. Smith, G. S. W. ; N. G. Cummings, G. Scribe; F. T. 
Littlefield, G. Treas.; Jos. H. Wentworth, G. Sent.; Chas H. J{ich, G. Rep. 
The following named patriarchs were the charter members: Dana Goff, Chas 
M. Lander, John F. Davis, Jacob S. Parker, Jas S. Robbins, IL G. Garcelon, 

F. M. Gamnuige, Geo. F. Stetson, Clarence C, Frost, Isaac A. Johnson, 
Edmund Libby, A. T. Bean, Enoch Perkins, Chas S. Emerson, Jas S. Steadman, 

B. F. Wood, Seth P. Miller, Daniel Wood, Fred Kelley, Henry L. Johnson, 
J. M. Cook, W. H. Jordan, Geo. H. Harmon, John Read. The following 
officers were elected and appointed: John Read, C. P.; C. C. Frost, H. P.; 
S. P. Miller, S. W.; J. S. Parker, J. W.; Fred Kelley, Scribe; Isaac A. 
Johnson, F. S. ; A. T. Bean, Treas.; Henry L. Johnson, O. S.; J. F. Davie, 
I. S. ; Jas M. Steadman, G.; C. S. Emerson, 1st W. ; Jas S. Robbins, 2d W. ; 

C. M. Lander, 3d W. ; H. G. Garcehjn, 4th W. ; F. M. Gammage, 1st G. of 1\ ; 
W. H. Jordan, 2d G. of T. There were 36 applications made at the first 
meeting. August 1, 1874, the membership was 61, and November 14, 1890, 
170. The encampment is in good working order, and has purchased new 
paraphernalia at a cost of ii<350. Officers, November 14, 1890: C. B. Currier, 

iBy B. L. Tuttle. 



280 History of Androscoggin County. 



C. P.; Royal Pearl, S. W. ; M. C. Hunton, J. W.; Isaac Gocldard, H. P.; 
S. B. Smith, F. S. ; J. T. Hale, Treas. ; B. L. Tuttle, Scribe; J. H. Brabson, 

0. S.; B. L. Ware, I. S.; S. H. Lovejoy, 1st W. ; S. B. Cushman, 2d W. ; E. C. 
Andrews, 3d W. ; W. S. Walker, 4th W. ; F. C. Currier, 1st G. of T. ; G. F. 
Keith, 2d G. of T. Meetings tlie second and fourth Tuesdays in each month in 
Odd Fellows Hall. 

Blah' L<>,l;ie, No. no, I. 0. 0. F., Tvrner^ — ln the winter of 1884-5, a 
number of Odd Fellows being located in Turner, a few conceived and put in 
rapid execution the plan of procuring a charter and instituting a lodge of 

1. O. O. F. in Turner village. Of the leaders there may be mentioned as most 
active, W. B. Beals, H. L. Irish, Henry Morriss, J. W. Littlefield, and Caleb 
Blake. A petition to the Grand Lodge for a charter was drawn up by Dr H. 
L. Irish, and the requisite number of signers soon obtained. The christening 
of the embryonic lodge caused considerable discussion, but it was finally 
decided that it should be named in honor of Caleb Blake, to whose indefati- 
gable zeal it would be largely indebted for its existence, and the name " Blake 
Lodge" was accordingly chosen. On March 30, 1885, the Grand Lodge of 
Maine met at Turner village. Grand Master E. W. Conant presiding. The 
following petitioners appeared and were duly instituted a " Lodge of the 
I. O. O. F., to be known and hailed as Blake Lodge, No. 110, I. O. O. F., 
under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Maine ": James M. Allen, Caleb 
Blake, Fred W. Bonney, H. W. Burdin, W. B. Beals, S. W. Gary, H. A. Chase, 
C. H. Humphrey, A. H. Harlow, D. Y. Harlow, H. L. Irish, John Kimball, 
J. W. Littlefield, L. E. Merrill, Henry Morriss, J. W. Newell, A. H. Pratt, H. 
J. Pratt, J. F. Quimby, G. W. Snell, J. M. Virgin. On the same evening 
G. M. Conant installed the officers as follows: N. G., H. L. Irish; V. G., I). 
Y. Harlow; Sec, W. B. Beals; P. S., J. F. Quimby; Treas., Caleb Blake. 

Rapid additions were made to the membersliip, so that at the end of the 
year 23 had been initiated and one admitted by card. Since that time the 
lodge has steadily increased in number and strength. The upper room in the 
newly-built Methodist church was secured for a term of years for lodge 
purposes; and in this favorable location the lodge met until July 1, 1891, when 
it moved into Roberts's Hall, which they have leased for a term of years. The 
lodge owns an excellent building lot opposite W. H. French's store, purchased 
from the C. Blake estate, April 7, 1888. A new hall on this lot, which shall be 
a credit to the village and to the brotherhood, is a vision which is hoped and 
expected to become a reality in the near future. The plan and design of Odd 
Fellowship make the order popular everywhere among young men. Blake 
Lodge, young in years, is composed largely of young men ; and the additions 
made from time to time are from the ranks of those who, while in the prime of 
their manhood, understand the advantages that come of belonging to an order 

1 By O. A. Sprague, M.D. 



The Press of Androscoggin. 281 

which looks so carefully after the physical and moral welfare of its members. 
In January, 1891, the lodge numbered 77 members. Of these the following 
are Past Grands: H. L. Irish, D. Y. Harlow, L. E. Merrill, A. H. Pratt, F. T. 
Faulkner, H. J. Pratt, J. S. P. H. Wilson, Henry Morriss, A. L. Robinson, C. 
A. Bonney, W. P>. Bradford; S. D. Andrews, P. G. of Nonantum Lodge, 
Massachusetts; and E. H. Cole of Nezinscot Lodge. Of these, H. L. Irish has 
been and J. S. H. P. Wilson now is District Deputy Grand Master. Officers, 
January, 1891: W. B. Beals, N. G. ; Frank W. North, V. G. ; O. A. Sprague, 
R. Sec; L. H. Blossom, P. Sec; F. T. Faulkner, Treas. Deaths. — Caleb 
Blake, in honor of whom the lodge was named, was the first to be called 
from the lodge by death. He died July 20, 1885, in less than four months 
after the charter was granted. James M. Allen, Past Grand of Blake Lodge, 
died September 22, 1886. Walter Hutchinson died January 16, 1888 ; and W. 
L. Blossom, October 11, 1890. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



The Press of Androscoggin — County Medical Association — The Grange — Woman's 
Christian Temperance Union. 

THE PRESS OF Androscoggin. — In 1844 Holland & Lane, merchants of 
Lewiston, published 12 numbers of an advertising sheet. The Leioistoii 
Falls Advertiser., edited by Francis Lane, and in 1846 Joseph I). Davis, 
merchant of Goff's Corner, issued a small advertising sheet. The Cosmopolite, 
gratuitously for some weeks. These did not attain the rank of newspapers. 

Lewiston. — The Lewiston Journal, the pioneer newspaper of this county, 
was first published May 21, 1847, as a weekly, by William H. Waldron and 
Dr Alonzo Garcelon as W. H. Waldron & Co. Dr Francis Lane was editor 
for some months, and Dr Garcelon and Mr Waldron were the principal con- 
tributors. The office was in the second story of an old wooden building on 
Main street, standing where Jones Block was erected later. The Journal then 
was a folio of 33x28 inches, and was printed on a Franklin hand-press. Col 
William Garcelon was much interested in the office, and brought the press from 
Portland with his own team. He also "pulled" the impression for the first 
copy printed, and preserved the paper until his death. Dr Garcelon's business 
o})erations and professional duties occupied so much of his time that Mr 
Waldron had entire charge of the business, and on Dr Lane's retirement he 
became the editor. When the Journal was established, Lewiston and Auburn 



282 History of Androscoggin County. 



had only 4,000 inhabitants, the water-power of the falls was almost wholly 
unJeveloi)ed, the towns later formed into Androscoggin county held political 
relations with four different counties, and the newspaper had no advantage of 
location. It was neutral in politics, acquired but a small circulation, and was 
kept alive only by careful management. Dr Garcelon retired in 1850. The 
circulation was then nearly 700. The Journal paid little attention to politics, 
o-ave brief summaries of domestic and foreign news, with such local news as 
came to hand, and kept the columns full of advertising, which did not yield 
much revenue. In 1851 tlie oflice was removed to the third story of (larcelon's 
building. The next three years were nuirked by anxiety, struggle, and faith. 
Then fortune smiled, Androscoggin county was formed, Lewiston Falls 
became a political center, and the county looked to the Journal for information. 
Business advertising and job work increased on both sides of the river. In 
1854 the Journal warmly supported the new Republican party, and about 
this time Nelson Dingley, Jr, then a senior of Dartmouth College, began to 
contribute political articles. In 1855 Mr Waldron erected a brick block on 
Main street, removed the office to it, and introduced a Guernsey press. In 
September, 185(s Mr Dingley purchased one-half interest, and in 1857 became 
sole proprietor. Mr Dingley strove to make the Journal of such value that 
no resident of the county, whether favoring or opposing its politics, could 
afford to do without it, placed it among the leading journals of the state, and 
it soon largely increased its business and circulation. April 20, 1861, the first 
number of t\\Q Daily Journal was issued, a sheet 29x19 inches in size. For 
one year the Daily Journal added nothing to the profits of the office, and very 
slowly secured a permanent foothold and financial strength. It, however, in 
time attained a large subscription and advertising patronage and the reputation 
of being the ablest and most influential daily in Maine. In 1802 the Journal 
was moved to its present location. Journal Block being built to accommodate 
it. In 1863, Frank L. Dingley, brother of Nelson Dingley, Jr, a graduate of 
Bowdoin College in 1861, who had been on the editorial staff since his 
graduation, became a member of the firm of Nelson Dingley, Jr, & Co., which 
now publishes the paper. In 1866 the weekly became a quarto, and in 1868 
the Journal was increased in size, and steam-power presses, folders, etc., were 
introduced. In 1887 the daily was made an eight-column paper with a double 
number Saturday, and in 1891 an eight-page paper regularly and a sixteen-page 
paper on Saturdays ; and the Weekly was made a sixteen-page paper. In 1890, 
Mr H. E. Andrews, who had been on the staff for several years, was admitted 
to the firm. Both the Daily and Weekly Journal have the largest circulation 
in Maine of any newspaper. The objects and aims of the publishers have been 
expressed thus : — 

It is the inteiitiou to so conduct the Journal as a progressive Republican and family 
newspaper, that it may be indispensable to all citizens of Maine who desire the completest 



The Press of Androscoggin. 283 

news, and a profitable visitant at every fireside. We shall use extraordinary exertions to 
obtain the fullest local and state news, and the latest foreign and domestic intelligence, 
and labor to give a valuable summary of the transactions of this and other nations. Its 
agricultural department will be made both interesting and instructive. In many respects 
the Journal will bear a literary character, and, as it is here that we shall take especial 
pride, the pearls that are washing about in the great ocean of literature will be carefully 
gathered, and the original matter that comes under that head will not suffer in comparison 
with the selections. We shall not cease to make war on intemperance while we are able to 
strike a blow for the public good. The internal interests of the state we deem of vital 
importance to its prosperity, and, under all circumstances, we shall keep them prominently 
before us and strive for their promotion. 

The Leicisfon Repuhlican was established in 1860 by H. C. Johnson, which 
was succeeded by the Lewiston Herald^ a neutral paper, with daily and weekly 
editions, published by Johnson & Hale. Both were discontinued within a year. 
Mr Hale has been in charge of the Journal book-and-job department for the 
past 30 years. In 1868 two attempts were made to establish Democratic 
papers. In February one number of The Conservative was issued, and, during 
the campaign, Hon. E. K. Smart, of Camden, issued The Jaeksonian. 

The Lewii<ton Daily JVews, George A. Callahan, editor and proprietor, was 
started December 9, 1879, as a one-cent daily, independent in politics. It was 
published for 11 weeks. 

The Sunday Sun^ Bowles & McVay, publishers, began a short existence 
November 6, 1881. 

The Labor Advocate was established as a five-column weekly, July 17, 
1884, D. W. Smith, proprietor and editor. A stock company. The Advocate 
Publishing Company, came into possession September 1, 1888, changed the 
name to The National Advocate, and now publish it from 82 Main street. It is 
an eight-column paper. I). W.Smith is president of the company; W. H. 
Weeks, clerk and treasurer; D. W. Smith, W. H. Weeks, H. S. Hobbs, 
directors. The Lewiston Daily Advocate, a paper of Democratic tendencies, 
was published from December 4, 1889, to May 13, 1890, by the Daily Advocate 
Co., C. S. Gnrney and D. W. Smith, editors. Both the daily and weekly 
Advocate were printed by W. H. Weeks. 

The Farmer a7id Mechanic was published in Lewiston for eight months, in 
1852, by M. V. Stetson and J. B. Jones. 

Dr Young, an eccentric druggist, began the publication of a religio-philo- 
sophical journal, The Pansojthist, in 1852. After a year it was discontinued, 
but the Doctor soon issued The Touchstone, which lived two years. 

The Maine Evangelist, a Coiigregational weekly, was removed to Lewiston 
in 1856, and was published from the Journal office until its discontinuance 
in 1862. The Christian Mirror was also published at the Journal office 
for a time. 

Once a Month, a literary monthly, was started June, 1866, by George M. 



284 History of Androscoggin County. 



Stanchfield & Co. It claimed 8,000 circulation and was published until Mr 
Stanchfield's removal to the West a year or so later. 

The Bates Student is a monthly magazine, published by the students 
of Bates College during the 10 months of the school year. The first number 
was issued January 1, 1873. The first editor, F. B. Stanford, has since 
filled with ability editorial positions on the Sunday-Sclwol Times and the 
Independent. 

Once a Week, a literary quarto, published and edited by Miss S. W. Sanford 
and Mrs E. S. Getchell, began a brief existence April 12, 1873. 

The Cross and Crown was a religious monthly, published under the auspices 
of the Young Men's Covenant Band of the First Baptist Church of Lewiston. 
It was first issued in the fall of 1877 and was published several years. 

The G-rowing Pines, a juvenile monthly, was started in March, 1886, by 
Augusta Lee Swift, the fifteen-year-old daughter of E. S. Swift, of the Journal 
book -and -job department, and grand-daughter of J. S. Swift, the veteran 
journalist of Franklin county. It was published six months. 

Le Messat/er, a French newspaper published weekly, was established in 
May, 1880, by L. J. Martel, M.D. It was purchased by E. Provost in 1881, 
and later by a company composed of E. Provost, Dr L. J. Martel, J. N. 
L'Heureux, and Dr F. P. Vanier. In 1886 it became the property of Dr L. 
J. Martel and E. H. Tardivel. In 1887 Dr Vanier became sole proprietor. 
The first editor was J. D. Montmarquet. He was followed by a committee of 
editors, they by E. H. Tardivel, and he by Dr Vanier. Le Messager was first 
published on Chestnut street where Provost Block stands; later its office was 
on Main street at the head of Lincoln street. In 1889 it was removed to 
Wiseman Block on Chestnut street. Le Messager is an independent Demo- 
cratic journal with a circulation of 2,500, principally in Lewiston, Brunswick, 
Biddeford, Westbrook, Waterville, Augusta, and Aroostook county. Another 
French newspaper, U Repuhlique, had a brief life a few years since. 

Auburn. — The Democratic Advocate was started in May, 1852, by George 
W. Chase, Esq., printed for six months in the Journal office, and removed to 
Auburn. After the death of Mr Chase, July 18, 1853, it was conducted by 
George H. Merrill until October 14, 1853, when Dr P. Dyer became editor, 
the firm becoming Dyer & Merrill until December. 27, 1854, when Dr Dyer 
bought Merrill's interest. November 15, 1855, he sold to Calvin Record & Co. 
In 1857 C. B. Stetson became proprietor until 1861, when it and the Lewiston 
Reprihlican were united in the Lewiston Herald. 

The Union was established as a Democratic newspaper, January, 1855, in 
Auburn by Abbott & Waterhouse. John Abbott, editor. It was discontinued 
in March. 

The Auburn Clipper was first published June 2, 1873, by Kimball & Rowe, 
No. 2 Phcenix Block. It passed into the hands of George C. Boomer, who 



The Press of Androscoggin. 285 

afterward published the comic Moon for a brief period. Later the Clipper 
became the property of Oliver N. Otis. It attained quite a circulation. 

The history of the Auhurn G-azette dates from the foundation of the 
Lewiston Gazette., of which it was- the successor. The Gazette was started by 
Col William H. Waldron, the pioneer journalist of this county, February 8, 
1872. The Gazette was the last newspaper enterprise in which this veteran 
publisher was engaged. His first venture in this field was the American Eagle, 
a penny daily, published in Boston in the early forties by an association of 
journeyman printers, as the organ of the Native American party. Out of this, 
in 1846, grew the Boston Herald, of which Mr Waldron was one of the five 
original publishei's. In 1847 he removed to Lewiston, where he was one of 
the founders of the Lewiston Journal. In 1853 he began the publication of the 
BriDhwick Tele(/ra/)Ji, which he sold in 1856 to Mr A. G. Tenney. In 1857 he 
sold, out his interest in the LewiMon Journal to Nelson Dingley, Jr. In 
1859 he became senior partner in the firm of Waldron, Little & Co., which 
bought the Portland Advertiser, and secured the services of James G. Blaine 
as editor. In 1861 the Advertiser was sold to F. O. J. Smith. Shortly after- 
wards the war broke out and Mr Waldron raised Company I of the Six- 
teenth Maine, and went to the front. Colonel Waldron established the 
Le'wi.^ton WeeUy Gazette, February 8, 1872. In 1876 Thomas E. Calvert, 
Colonel Waldron's son-in-law, entered into partnership with him and became 
editor of the Gazette, which position he has since filled. In 1881 Colonel 
Waldron died, and the Gazette was published by Calvert & Waldron, the Mr 
Waldron being Colonel Waldron's son. July 12, 1886, the daily edition of the 
Gazette was established as the Lewiston and Auburti Daily Gazette, and was 
printed under that name for the six months following, when it was sold to 
the Auburn (lazette Company.' The Gazette was moved from Lewiston to 
Phoenix Block, Auburn, where its first issue as the Auhurn Daily Gazette 
appeared January 21, 1889, and the Auhnrn Weekly Gazette on January 24. 
This location, however, proving too small for its increasing business, December 
15, 1890, the Gazette establishment was moved to its present commodious 
quarters, where its various departments are suitably equipped and located for 
business, from press-room in the basement, with its new two-revolution 
Cottrell press, and counting-room on ground floor, to the composing and 
editorial rooms above. An important and rapidly growing branch of the 
Auburn Gazette Company's business is the publication of the Turf, Farm and 
Home, a paper devoted chiefly to the horse interests of Maine. This is the 
only weekly paper of the kind in the state, and was established in May, 1889. 
It has met with marked success, its circulation being nearly 4,000 in Maine 
and the Provinces. It has correspondents and local agents in every county of 

1 An incorporation having as corporators T. E. Calvert, W. W. Stetson, E. T. Gile, Ara Cushman, 
N. W. Harris, C. W. Waldron, Charles Horbury, W. H. Newell, and T. E. Eustis. 



286 History of Androscoggin County. 



Maine, and in all the horse centers of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince 
Edward's Island. All the leading horsemen of Maine are on its subscription 
list. The officers of the Auburn Gazette Company are: Thomas E.Calvert, 
president and editor; W. W. Stetson, treasurer; N. W. Harris, secretary; 
S. F. Merrill, N. W. Harris, W. H. Newell, W. W. Stetson, Thomas E. 
Calvert, directors. 

Mechanic Falls. — ''The Down Easter was the first paper printed at 
Mechanic Falls, by Wm Cady, in 1867, followed by the Androscoggin Herald^ 
by Mr Moody, then by Win H. Clark & Son; then The Citizen^ by Allen & 
Moore, afterward by Charles S. Allen, then by Thurston & Garland, who 
continued till 1882. In 1884 The Ledger was started by Poole Brothers; it 
was the first newspaper started in Poland. Since establishment the paper has 
changed to The Mechanic Falls Ledger, and increased in size three times. In 
connection with the newspaper is run one of the largest book establishments 
in the state. This department employs from 20 to 30 hands. The Poole 
Brothers also run an electrotype foundry, the only job foundry in Maine. 
Most of the book work done is for Boston, New York, and Chicago publishers. 
In 1890 their two-story building, 30 x 60 feet, was erected on Pine street, the 
building being used exclusively in the manufacture of books, job printing, and 
the Mechanic Falls Ledger.'''' ' 

The Beeheepers Advance, a monthly apiarian journal, is published by J. B. 
Mason & Sons. 

Lisbon. — There have been three papers published in Lisbon. The Rising 
Sun was published at Lisbon Falls for one year from January, 1858, under the 
patronage of the Free Baptist Association. George Plumraer was proprietor, 
Rev. A. W. Hobbs, editor. 

The Telephone had a brief life a few years since. 

The Lisbon Observer was started at Lisbon Falls in 1886, by B. F. Thorn. 
June 28, 1890, he was succeeded as publisher and owner by Nutting & Worthing. 
It is an eight-page weekly paper, printed in Boston by the New England News- 
paper Union. 

LiVERMORE Falls. — The Livermore Falls Gazeffe, John Morrill, publisher, 
was published for a few months, about 1857. 

The Loral i*/r.s-.s- was established October 18, 1889, by Jolm M. S. Hunter, 
of Farmington, witli K. I. Beck as editor. Mr Beck assumed the proprietor- 
sliij) April 10, 1891. The Prexs is a weekly four-page paper, 22 x 28 inches 
in size, devoted to tlie interests of Livermore Falls and vicinity. 

Turner. — Solon Chase began the publication at Chase's Mills of a 
weekly greenback newspaper, Chase''s Chronicle, January 2, 1875. His connec- 
tion with it continued until 1879, when it had a circulation of 6,000 copies. 
It was then moved to Portland, changed to Greenback Labor Chronicle, and 

1 History of Polaud. 



County Medical Association — The Grange. 287 

suspended in a year. Chase's Eyiquirer was started in Turner, March 18, 1880, 
by a stock company, under the management of Solon Chase. The company 
. took the paper from the editor and moved it to Lewiston in October, 1881. 
When removed it had a circnhition of 3,000 copies, but it suspended in six 
months. March 15, 1882, Mr Chase started another paper called Them Steers, 
in Turner, in which the "anti-fusion idea" was advocated. But this was not 
sufficiently po})ular to enable even a p<)})uhir editor to win success, and the 
paper was discontinued May 21, 1883. 

Androscocgin County Medical Association. — This society had its 
origin in a meeting of physicians called at the suggestion of Maine Medical 
Association, which met at the court house in Auburn, January 1, 18(38. These 
physicians were present: Alonzo Ciarcelon, H. L. K. Wiggin, Silvester Cakes, 
R. L. Harlow, J. W. Beede, Dr Vaughan, Eli Edgecomb, J. M. Small, J. H. 
Blake, Oren A. Horr, H. L. Irish, IJ. II. Kicker, J. A. Donovan. The meeting 
was called to order by Dr Alonzo (larcelon, and Dr Kilbourne was chosen 
chairman; Dr Beede, secretary ; Drs Sturgis and Oakes of Auburn, and Graves 
of Webster, committee on permanent organization ; Drs Wiggin and Blake of 
Auburn, and Wedgwood of Lewiston, committee on constitution and by-laws. 
The organization was perfected January 8, 1868. The presidents have been: 
William Kilbourne, Alonzo Garcelon, N. C. Harris, Eli Edgecomb, H. L. K. 
Wiggin, Silvester Oakes, M. C. Wedgwood, J. M. Small, O. A. Horr, J. W. 
Beede, R. R. Ricker, R. S. Harlow, E. H. Hill, B. F. Sturgis, Roscoe Smith, 
J. A. Donovan, Jason Walker, Wallace K. Oakes, A. M, Peables, C. E. Wil- 
liams, Elizabeth S. Horr, A. M. Garcelon, O. A. Horr, C. B. Andrews. C. E. 
Williams is corresponding secretary, and W. B. Small, recording secretary. 
The members in j\pril, 181*1, are: S. G. Bonney, F. L. Dixon, J. A. Donovan, 
G. P. Emmons, A. Garcelon, A. M. Garcelon, E. H. Hill, O. A. Horr, Elizabeth 
S. Horr, L. J. Martel, L. E. N. Matte, C. E. Norton, R. R. Ricker, E. W. Rus- 
sell, J. M. Small, W. B. Small, Aurelia Springer, M. C. Wedgwood, N. J. 
Wedgwood, Lewiston ; G. B. Andrews, J. W. Beede, E. S. Coan, W. K. Oakes, 
A. M. Peables, D. N. Skinner, R. Smith, B. F. Sturgis, S. E. Weutworth, 
C. E.Williams, Auburn; H. L. Irish, J. T. Gushing, Turner; J.Walker, Minot; 
F. E. Sleeper, Sabatis; I. Rounds, South Paris; C. H. Foster, Lisbon; G. W. 
Curtis, Lisbon Falls; E. A. McCollister, Gray; S. A. Vosmus, North Pownal. 

The Grange in Androscoggin County. — Androscoggin county holds 
the honor of being the birthplace of the Maine State Grange, and an important 
factor in the formation of the organization which now numbers over 17,000 
Patrons of Husbandry, and 122 subordinate granges. The Maine State 
Grange was organized in Grand Army Hall, Lewiston, April 21, 1874, under 
the call of O. D. Hinkley, General Deputy of the National Grange. At this 
time there were only 18 subordinate granges in the state, six of which were in 



288 History of Androscoggin County. 



Androscoggin county, namely : Lewiston, No. 2 ; Pine Tree, No. 3, of Lisbon ; 
Auburn, No. 4; Excelsior, No. 5, of Poland; Eureka, No. 7, of Durham; and 
Androscoggin, No. 8, of Greene. These granges were represented in the 
meeting for organizing a state grange by Masters Nelson Ham, Lewiston ; E. 
N. Chamberhiin, Lisbon; N. B. Tracy, Secretary of Auburn Grange; G. H. 
Gobb, Poland; Hermon Sawyer, Durham; J. M. Jackson, Lewiston. Nelson 
Ham, of Lewiston, was the first Master of the State Grange; C. H. Cobb, of 
Poland, Treas.; J. M. Jackson, of Lewiston, Sec; and Hermon Sawyer, of 
Durham, one of the four members of the Executive Committee. Nelson Ham 
has been an officer of the State Grange continually from the time of organi- 
zation to the present, either as Master or a member of the Executive 
Committee. Hon. Rufus Prince, of Turner, was elected Master of the State 
Grange in 1880, and held that position until his death, March 27, 1891. 

The members of the grange in Androscoggin county have ever been 
active, enterpiising, progressive patrons. The membership in the county has 
steadily increased, until it now numbers nearly 1,400, with 15 subordinate 
granges and one county or Pomona Grange. It was in this county that the 
Patrons' Androscoggin Mutual Fire Insurance Company was oi-ganized, at first 
as a local company; but its success was such that its territorial limits were 
eidarged to include the whole state. This company insures only the property 
of members of the grange and now carries risks to the amount of nearly 
i2,000,000. The initial steps for organizing the Patrons' Mutual Aid Society 
were also taken by Androscoggin county patrons. The society was organized 
under the laws of Maine in 1889. The original officers were James L. Martin, 
of Auburn, Pres.; J. O. Keyes, Wilton, Vice-Pres.; John M. Jackson, Lew- 
iston, 4'reas. ; John L. Ham, Lewiston, Sec; S. S. Smith of Norway, C. H. 
Cobb of East Poland, A. R. Bradford of West Minot, E. H. Libby of Auburn, 
and A. D. King of North Monmouth, Directors. 

The subordinate granges meet from two to fonr times a month, and the 
Pomona Grange once a month. At these meetings a programme, so arranged 
with a{){)r()priate subjects that nearly all members can take i)art, is carried out. 
In this way the grange becomes a practical school for the farmer. In the 
grange he has learned to think, act, and talk for himself. Through its educat- 
ing and refining influences the farmer finds himself occupying a higher position 
in the community and society than formerly. Those who sneeringly referred 
to the "grangers" as "old hayseeds," now recognize them as their equals in 
society as well as in business affairs. The grange has fairly lived down all 
opposition, and is now recognized everywhere as one of the best institutions 
in the land for elevating and educating the farmer and his family. It gives 
him social advantages which he finds nowhere else, and this one feature alone 
is worth to the farmer all it costs to become a member of the order. Although 
the grange is a non-political organization, and partisan politics cannot be 



The Grange. 289 



discussed in its meetings, still the farmers' political influence has been much 
enlarged through their connection with the grange, and both the great political 
parties are striving to secure its vote. The grange has encouraged co-operation 
in trade among members of the order, thus dispensing with the work of the 
middleman by buying direct of importers and manufacturers. The following 
is a quotation from the Declaration of Purposes of the order: — 

United by the strong and faithful tie of agriculture, we mutually resolve to labor for the 
good of our order, our country, and mankind. We heartily endorse the motto: "In 
essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, charity." We shall endeavor to 
advance our cause by laboring to accomplish the following objects: To develop a better 
and higher manhood and womanhood among ourselves; to enhance the comforts and 
attractions of our homes, and strengthen our attachments to our pursuits; to foster mutual 
understanding and co-operation ; to maintain inviolate our laws, and to emulate each 
other in labor to hasten the good time coming; to reduce our expenses, both individual 
and corporate; to buy less and produce more in order to make our farms self-sustaining; 
to diversify our crops, and crop no more than we can cultivate; to condense the weight of 
our exports, selling less in the bushel and more on hoof and in fleece, less in lint and more 
in warp and woof; to systematize our work, and calculate intelligently on probabilities; 
to discountenance the credit system, the mortgage system, the fashion system, and every 
other system tending to prodigality and bankruptcy. We propose meeting together, 
talking together, working together, buying together, selling together, and, in general, 
acting together for our mutual protection and advancement, as occasion may require. We 
shall avoid litigation as much as possible by arbitration in the grange. We shall constantly 
strive to secure entire harmony, good-will, vital brotherhood among ourselves, and to make 
our order perpetual. We shall earnestly endeavor to suppress personal, local, sectional, 
and national prejudices, all unhealthy rivalry, all selfish ambition. Faithful adherence to 
these principles will ensure our mental, moral, social, and material advancement. 

Leiciston Graur/e, JVo. 3, was organized January 24, 1874, by National 
Deputy O. D. Hinkley, with 20 charter members, and Nelson Ham, Master; 
A. J. Clough, Secretar}'. It meets every Thursday, at South Lewiston, in a hall 
owned by the grange. The present membership is 78. G. G. Wagg, Master; 
H. J. Carville, Sec. Charter members: A.J. Hinkley, Martha Hinkley, O. 
Potter, Increase Gould, Nelson Ham, Harriet Ham, A. J. Clough, A. B. Holland, 
Minnie Holland, Calvin Spofford, L. B. Dingley, Dexter Blethen, Charlotte 
Blethen, W. S. Foss, Odrietta Foss, B. H. Morrill, Clarinda Morrill, H. 
M. Garcelon, Harriet Garcelon. 

Plnr Tree Grranr/e, No. 3, Lisbon, was organized February 24, 1874, by 
O. D. Hinklejs with 20 charter members, and E. N. Chamberlain, Master; John 
Smith, Sec. It meets at Lisbon, Friday evening of each week. The present 
membership is 68. W. S. Merrill, Master ; Gerbert G. Spear, Sec. Charter 
members: Joseph Nichols, L. R. Ross, J. L. Atwood, E. N. Chamberlain, 
John Smith, J. D. Hodgkins, Moses Abbott, Jas Ham, Jacob Whiting, Geo. 
D. Frost, Frank A. Jordan, Geo. P. Jack, Mrs M. S. Chamberlain, Arabella 



290 History of Androscoggin County. 



Hodgkins, R. E. Ross, Minerva Ham, Christiana Whiting, Addie M. Frost, 
M. A. Jordan, Lucy T. Jack. 

Auburn Grange, No. 4, was organized March 2, 1874, by O. D. Hinkley, 
with 24 charter members: J. B. Cross, Annie J. Cross, N. B. Tracy, Hattie L. 
Tracy, L. I. Bumpus, I. A. Johnson, C. E. Johnson, E. O. Wood, A. W. Davis, 
Hannah A. Davis, A. G. Mathews, J. K. Drake, Julia A. Drake, J. S. Robbins, 
Florence N. Robbins, Rebecca H. Robbins, R. H. Pettingill, A. A. Young, Elias 
N. Davis, J. D. Rowe, A. W. Larrabee, Z. T. Newell, Lizzie L. Yeaton, D. J. 
Rowe. J. S. Robbins, Master; N. B. Tracy, Sec. It meets on the first and 
third Saturdays of each month, at East Auburn. This grange owns, clear of 
all incumbrances, a building and lot worth, with the furniture, about |2,000. 
The building contains hall and anterooms above, all nicely finished and 
furnished. The lower part is fitted up as a store, which is rented, and a 
dining-room with all the necessary fixtures. The present membersliip is 140. 
H. A. Whitman, Master ; F. F. Vickery, Sec. 

Excelsior Gra7ige, No. 5, Poland, was organized March 5, 1874, by O. D. 
Hinkley, with 30 charter members: C. H. Cobb, N. P. Waterhouse, L. D. Cobb, 
A. G. Thurlow, Geo. A. Dockham, Alanso)i Briggs, Hiram Waterliouse, B. F. 
('Obb, L. D. Edgecomb, Henry True, Alexander Robertson, Samuel Goss, 
Josiah Small, I). W. Pulsifer, Nelson Haskell, C. N. Burns, T. H. Durell, J. F. 
Edgecomb, H. W. Sawtelle, N. H. Cobb, W. G. Cobb, Rhoda Strout, Lydia 
Cobb, Clara A. Edgecomb, Fostina B. Harris, Amanda S. Cobb, Mrs O. 
H. Durell, Mary E. Waterhouse, M. A. Cobb, Annie F. Waterhouse. C. H. 
Cobb, M.; V. P. Waterhouse, Sec. It meets Saturday evenings, owns a good, 
well-furnished hall, containing a library, also a large stable for horses. The 
present membership is 139. P. P. Pulsifer, M. ; F. O. Everett, Sec. 

Eureka Grange, No. 7, Durham, organized March 16, 1874, by O, D. 
Hinkley, with 23 charter members: David Crockett, Herman Sawyer, C. E. 
Knight, C. W. Harding, C. H. Bliss, Henry Sylvester, S. B. Libby, Albert 
Day, D. Dyer, Wm B. Newell, Wm W. Knight, Freeman Newell, Wm T. 
Osgood, Mrs Belinda Crockett, Ora L. Knight, Etta L. Bliss, Nealia W. Libby, 
Amelia Dyer, Susan G. Knight, Cora J. Sylvester, Mary E. Newell, Hattie C. 
Sawyer, Maria A. Harding. Herman Sawyer, M.; C. E. Knight, Sec. It 
meets every Saturday evening, and practices, to some extent, co-operation in 
buying groceries, grass seed, etc. The present membership is 131. E. L. 
Macomber, M.; S. B. Libby, Sec. 

Androscoggin Grange, No. 8, was organized in Greene, March 24, 1874, by 
O. D. Hinkley, with 23 charter members, and J. M. Jackson, M.; W. F'. Mower, 
Sec. It meets at Barkerville, Lewiston, on the first and third Thursdays of 
each month. The present membership is 33. T. B. Norris, M.; Lizzie A. 
Norris, Sec. The charter members were: John M. Jackson, A. E. Jackson, 
O. H. Merrill, J. M. Shaw, Eli Hodgkins, A. B. Parker, W. S. Wilkins, Nelson 



The Grange. 291 



Coburn, W. F. Mower, C. R. Daggett, C. A. Bradbury, J. M. Richardson, 
Ingerson Parker, Mrs H. L. Jackson, Mrs R. J. Jackson, Mrs M. J. Merrill, 
Mrs Emily Shaw, Mrs E. A. Parker, Mrs M. A. Wilkins, Mrs Rosanna 
Coburn, Mrs C. A. Mower, Mrs A. P. Daggett, Mrs L. W. Bradbury. 

Turner Grrange^ No. 23, was organized May 23, 1874, by J. S. Robbins, state 
deputy, with 21 charter members, and L. P. Bradford, M.; H. C. Haskell, Sec. 
It meets at Turner Center, on the first and third Saturdays of each month, 
holding an all-day meeting, and having dinner served in the dining-room 
connected with the hall. Nearly 100 members, on an average, attend these 
meetings. This grange owns the hall in which the meetings are held. It also 
has a reading-room in connection with the hall, which is neatly carpeted and 
furnished with chairs, tables, and pictures. In this room is a large and valuable 
library, to which additions are made each year. Turner Grange is one of the 
largest and best conducted granges in the state. The farmers of Turner 
appreciate the advantages which the grange offers to them, and a large part of 
them are members of the grange. The present membership is 207. R. D. 
Leavitt, M.; C. W. Skillings, Sec. Charter members: Wallace Cary, S. S. 
Merrill, Augustus Haskell, Alden Fuller, E. H. Haskell, W. L. Blossom, W. 

B. Bryant, Henry Turner, G. W. Blossom, B. F. Hodgdon, 1). J. Briggs, 
Hiram Bryant, Mrs Sarah Fuller, S3'bil P. Turner, Rose S. Blossom, Annie C. 
Briggs, Eunice C. Bryant, L. P. Bradford, Flora A. Bradford, L. M. Beals, H. 

C. Haskell, Zoe J. Haskell. 

Lake Grani/e, No. 'JiJf, ^¥eHt Poland, was organized May 17, 1874, by C. H. 
Cobb, state deputy, with 21 charter members, and N. M. Faunce, M.; L. C. 
Herrick, Sec. It owns a hall at West Poland, and meets there every Saturday 
evening. The present membership is 110. S. O. Keen, M.; L. C. Herrick, 
Sec. Charter members: L. C. Herrick, N. M. Faunce, Reuben Dunn, Nathaniel 
Keene, Lewis J. Lunt, A. H. Dunn, W. W. Wilkins, Wni W. Lunt, F. B. 
Haskell, (). W. Thurston, J. H. Stanton, N. E. Tenney, N. E. Stowe, Jerry 
Emery, B. B. Campbell, D. H. Millett, J. W. Morse, John S. Dunn, Elias 
Doughty, J. B. Stanton, Mrs Lydia Herrick, Mrs L. E. Dunn, Mrs Jennie 
M. Emery, Mrs Ann M. Stowe, Mrs E. J. Tenney, Miss Mary E. Brooks, Mrs 
Sarah M. Dunn, Mrs Elvira Dunn, Mrs Olive M. Snell, Mrs Caroline Millett, 
Mrs Clementine Lunt, Mrs Abby F. Morse. 

Wales Grange, No. JfO, was organized October 10, 1874, by Nelson Ham, 
with 30 charter members, and T. W. Ham, M.; Frank A. Ham, Sec. It meets 
Saturday evening on or before the full moon. The present membership is 76. 
J. L. Stewart, M. ; Alden Moulton, Sec. Charter members: David S. Sanborn, 
Thomas T. Jenkins, T. W. Ham, Charles Collins, Evander A. Ham, Albert F. 
Jenkins, A. M. Donnell, I. S. Jenkins, S. A. Jenkins, Stanwood Given, Alonzo 
Tajdor, J. M. Given, Furber Libby, Alonzo Perkins, Robert Sawyer, Alden 
Moulton, H. S. Marr, R. C. Jones, Geo. I. Sanborn, Frank A. Ham, Annie E. 



292 History of Androscoggin County. 

Ham, Rebecca Smith, Sarah T. Perkins, Flora A. Taylor, Betsey K. Jones, 
Fannie R. Given, Olive A. Ham, Ella N. Collins, Annie L. Donnell, Sarah 
Jenkins. 

WeM Minot Grange, No. Jf^, was organized October 16, 1874, by C. H. 
Cobb, state deputy, with 30 charter members, and J. G. Hilborn, M.; G. W. 
Millett, Sec. It meets in a hall of its own at West Minot, Saturday evening 
on or before full moon. The present membership is 61. A. P. Allen, M.; Mrs 
George B. Perkins, Sec. Charter members : Adam Richardson, Joseph 
Crooker, Benjamin Dudley, F'. M. Woodman, James M. Farris, Joseph R. 
Bearce, Samuel Stearns, C. S. Barrows, L. T. Millett, J. G. Hilborn, S. R. 
Howard, A. F. Decoster, Calvin Bucknam, Abraham Dean, George B. Perkins, 
Jasen Hilborn, Almon Bucknam, Wm A. Crooker, Joel Crooker, Elisha P. 
Churchill, Hiram M. Everett, U. G. Millett, Moses Young, Joseph L. Merrill, 
Ezekiel Merrill, Mrs E. O. Woodman, Mrs E. A. Farris, Mrs S. B. Millett, 
Mrs S. R. Howard, Miss Helen Crooker, Miss I. Bucknam, Mrs Martha J. 
Crooker, Mrs Emily M. Crooker, Mrs Cordelia B. Everett, Mrs E. A. Bearce. 

Danville Junction Gram/e, JVo. 65, Auburn, was organized December 5, 
1874, by C. H. Cobb, state deputy, with 30 members, and Jeremiah Stinchfield, 
M.; Moses Fitz, Sec. It meets at Danville Junction Thursday evenings. The 
present membership is 37. Luther Allen, M. ; Wm A. Arris, Sec. Charter 
members: Frederick Goss, Dyer E. Goss, Orville Swett, Nelson H. Hood, Geo. 
W. Woodbury, Geo. W. Arris, Moses Fitz, Jr, Addie Swett, Christina Goss, 
Ada Bane, Hannah S. Fitz, Sarah C. Goss, Hattie Robinson, Almeda Flagg, 
Louisa Ware, Jeremiah Stinchfield, Leonard Hicks, James Hicks, P. M. 
Austin, Chas Thurston, Daniel Field, Wm Robinson, Jude Robinson, Elbridge 
G. Robinson, Chas Robinson, J. L. Flagg, Jas F. Ford, Benjamin Ware, Sarah 
Thurston, Hannah S. Field. 

Leeds Grange, No. 90, was organized February 1, 1875, by S. J. Robbins, 
with 24 charter members, and Davis Francis, M.; A. J. Foss, Sec. It meets on 
the second and fourth Saturdays in each month. This grange within a few 
years has built and furnished a large and convenient hall in which it now holds 
its meetings. The present membership is 104. R. S. Loring, M. ; Miss A. E. 
Deane, Sec. Charter members: R. S. Loring, A. J. Foss, A. J. Lane, B. C. 
Thomas, J. F. Jennings, G. B. Lane, Geo. Parcher, Mrs R. S. Loring, Mrs A. J. 
Foss, Mrs A. J. Lane, Mrs B. C. Thomas, Mrs J. F. Jennings, Davis Francis, G. 
Lane, A. Beals, Wm B. Sumner, Mrs Geo. Parcher, P. Lane, C. S. Knapp, G. A. 
Jennings, Mrs Wm B. Sumner, Mrs Davis Francis, Mrs A. Beals, Mrs G. A. 
Jennings. 

Lake View Grange, No. 2Jf9, Auburn, was organized March 31, 1883, by 
F. A. Allen, with 22 charter members, and A. A. Young, M. ; P. L. Wyman, Sec. 
It meets in a hall owned by the grange, on the first and third Saturday evenings 
of each month. The present membership is 35. H. M. Baker, M.; C. V. 



The Grange. 293 



Manley, Sec. Charter members: Eugene H. Libby, James R. Anderson, 
Clarence V. Manley, Wallace I. Go well, Calvin S. Fassett, Elaenezer J. 
Hodgkins, Samuel J. Mills, Guy Mills, Pliny L. Wyman, I. Sanford Keith, 
Oland B. Upton, David S. Curtis, Albert A. Young, Joseph P. Sawyer, Hev. 
L. B. Green, Mrs Mary E. Anderson, Mrs Louisa M. Hodgkins, Mrs Eva F. 
Libby, May Mills, Mrs Eliza A. Crafts, Mrs Margaret Sawyer, Mrs Lavina 
Fassett, Mrs Emma M. Upton. 

Minot Centre Grram/e, No. 266, was organized April 29, 1884, by F. A. 
Allen, with 30 charter members, and S. W. Shaw, M.; C. H. Downing, Sec. It 
meets in a hall owned by the grange on the second and fourth Wednesday 
evenings of each month. The present membership is 77. C. C. Washburn, 
M.; A. B. Downing, Sec. Charter members: Stillman W. Shaw, Samuel 
Shaw, Albert Quimby, Roger B. Durgin, Nathan P. Downing, John Andrews, 
Samuel Washburn, F. C. Coller, Zebulon Davis, Elisha Hall, Moses C. Hodge, 
Henry Jackson, Charles Ray, Noble Saunders, Edward M. Verrill, Clarence H. 
Downing, Walter G. Durgin, Edward Washburn, Lois A. Downing, Olive 
Shaw, Amanda Durgin, Josie Coller, Lizzie Andrews, Susan Washburn, Martha 
Quimby, Almira Davis, Hattie Jackson, Mary Shaw, Lizzie Washburn, 
Zillah Hodge. 

Stevens's Mills Crvange, No. 394, Auburn, was organized December 15, 1 887, by 
F. A. Allen, with 32 charter members, and J. M. Woodman, M.; R. A. Stevens, 
Sec. It meets Thursday evenings, owns a good hall, finished and furnished, 
with dining-room and all necessary fixtures. The present membership is 64. 
Geo. L. Lyseth, M. ; Elmer Clark, Sec. Charter members: Walter Stevens, 
Ulysses Greenlaw, Charles Lyseth, G. W. Stone, E. M. Stevens, N. M. Fay, 
Roscoe G. Pulsifer, Hattie L. Woodman, Emma R. Stevens, May A. Fay, 
Mattie J. Pulsifer, R. A. Stevens, G. W. Harradon, Albert W. Lyseth, G. L. 
Lyseth, D. H. Chase, C. S. Hicks, B. E. Chase, Lizzie M. Stevens, Emma R. 
Harradon, Fannie Lyseth, Susie V. Lyseth, Deborah Stevens, Caneriss Haskell, 
Lena F. Hicks, Etta F. Dascomb, James M. Woodman, W. G. Stevens, J. C. 
Whitney, S. S. Stevens, Lena G. Whitney, Fannie Stevens, Annie Greenlaw, 
Susie Stevens. 

Androscoygin County Pomona Granye, No. 1, was organized in Auburn, 
September 28, 1875, by Nelson Ham, then Worthy Master of Maine State 
Grange. The name " Washington Pomona, No. 1," was adopted, but was 
changed by vote October 1, 1879, to "Androscoggin Pomona, No. 1." 
Charter members: Wm W. Lunt, C. H. Cobb, A. D. Garland, Hiram 
Waterhouse, D. G. Skinner, Wm Small, Jr, L. C. Herrick, A. J. Hinkley, 
N. B. Tracy, N. M. Faunce, O. H. Merrill, Eli Hodgkins, Nelson Haskell, 
John W. Weymouth, L. P. Bradford, Mrs F. A. Bradford, G. W. Blossom, 
Mrs Rosa S. Blossom, John M. Jackson, Mrs Hattie L. Jackson, D. Blethen, 
Mrs Wealthy J. Cobb, James F. Ford, George W. Haskell, Henry Turner, 



294 History of Androscoggin County. 



Nelson Ham. John M. Jackson was elected Master, and N. B. Tracy, Sec- 
retary. The meetings are occasions of great interest. Subjects touching the 
welfare of the home, the family, the farm, and the community, are discussed 
in a manner which brings the questions of economy and progress home to 
every patron, and incites him to improvement. 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1890).^ — Androscoggin county 
has not been backward in its recognition of the impress of the women of the 
century upon its history; that of its homespun mothers, whose reverence, 
patriotism, and sacrifices have, in the inevitable sequence of heredity, shaped 
the character of its sons and daughters. The industrial prosperity and 
intellectual culture which characterize the county are largely due to woman, 
represented as she is in its various industries, its literature, art, and educational 
departments. To its moral, religious, and philanthropic development has she 
consecrated her noblest powers. December 23, 1873, marks the greatest 
moral movement in the history of woman, when, for the protection of the 
home, the mother sentiment of the land banded itself, and under the inspired 
leadership of Mrs Eliza Thompson, one of Ohio's most cultured mothers, went 
forth from the old Presbyterian church, amidst the hills of Hillsboro, to battle 
the liquor traffic. In this wondei-ful uprising, or "whirlwind of the Lord," came 
that "arrest of thought" that imbued a peerless soul with the sacredness of 
the cause, and enlisted in its ranks one destined to be a leader among the 
women of the nations, Frances E.-Willard, the honored president of the grand 
organization called the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, an evolution 
of the Woman's Temperance Crusade. Chautauqua, "the birthplace of 
grand ideas," was the home of its nativity, and Cleveland, Ohio, the proud city 
of its completed organization, where in council, November 18, 1874, included 
in the resolutions adopted, were the following: — 

Whereas, Much of the evil by which this country is cursed comes from the fact tliat the men in 
power, whose duty it is to make and administer tlie laws, are either themselves intemperate men or 
controlled largely by the liquor power; therefore, 

Resolved, That the women of the United States in this convention represented, do hereby express 
their unrpialilied disapprobation of the custom so prevalent in political parties of placing intemperate 
men in office. 

Resolved, That we will appeal to the House of Representatives by petition for their concurrence 
with the Senate bill providing a commission of inquiry into the effects and results of the liquor traffic 
in this country. 

Resolved, That all good, temperance women, without regard to sect or nationality, are cordially 
invited to unite with us in one great battle against the wrong and for the right. 

Resolved, That in the conflict of moral ideas we look to the pulpit and the press as our strongest 
earthly allies, and that we will by our influence as Christian women and by our prayers, strive to 
increase the interest in our cau.se already manifested by their powerful instrumentalities — gratefully 
recognized by us. 

Resolved, That, recognizing the fact that our cause is and will be combated by mighty, determined, 
and relentless forces, we will, trusting in Him who is the Prince of Peace, meet argument with 
argument, misjudgment with patience, denunciation with kindness, and all our difficulties and dangers 
with prayer. 

iBy Mrs Abbie Capen Peaslee. 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 295 

The preamble of the constitution adopted reads : 

We, the women of this nation, conscious of the increasing evils, and appalled at the 
tendencies and dangers of intemperance, believe it our duty, under the providence of God, 
to unite our efforts for its extinction. 

Thus with a determined purpose and an invincible courage was the W. C. 
T. U. equipped for its divinely appointed mission with its broad scope for 
intellectual culture and Christian activity in its forty distinct departments of 
work for the moral and spiritual uplift of humanity, and, only "in the light of 
God can be apprehended the tremendous power for good this 'White Ribbon 
Army' is to be to the world." The echo of the bells of Hillsboro with the 
thrill of electric enthusiasm reached Maine, August 18, 1875, and within sound 
of tlie murmuring waves and whispering pines of Old Orchard was founded 
the Maine State Auxiliary of the National Woman's Christian Temperance 
Union, with the wife of Rev. Dr Charles Allen as its first president, followed 
by Mrs M. G. Sargent, of Sedgwick, who served two years; Mrs L, M. N. 
Stevens of Portland, a woman noted for her sweetness, broad philanthropy, 
and executive ability, was treasurer for two years. At the third annual 
meeting she was elected i)resident, and has for twelve years led the van of 
temperance women in our state, winning the love and esteem of all interested 
in temperance and moral reform by her generous gift of self, time, and 
means to the cause. Much is due this grand worker in the procuring of the 
concession of the legislature in raising the age of protection for our girls, the 
passage of the law requiring temperance instruction in the public schools, and 
the law against the sale of cigarettes and tobacco to boys. It is gratifying to 
know that in securing these desirable measures, she received the active 
co-operation of the Androscoggin Union. 

December 1, 1879, at the invitation of the state president, a band of women 
organized to do temperance work in Lewiston became the first auxiliary of 
the county of Androscoggin to both the state and national W. C. T. Unions, 
with Miss Emma L. Porter as president. Through the untiring labor of this 
union, under the leadership of its present president, Mrs E. M. Blanchard, the 
crowning achievement of its many noble deeds culminated December 4, 1889, 
in the opening of a nursery and home for sick and needy children, in a small 
tenement on the corner of Lowell and Bates streets. After a few months the 
need of larger and permanent quarters became so apparent that the ladies 
went to work to secure funds to purchase a building for this purpose, the 
movement resulting in the purchase of the large house and lot, No. 81 Bartlett 
street, for which part payment was made. From the first the interest in the 
work has been constantly increasing, and many a helpless little one has here 
found a refuge under healthful and comfortable surroundings. During the 
year from twenty -five to thirty different children have been cared for, the 
largest number at any one time being nine. Three children have found homes 



296 History of Androscoggin County. 



by adoption. The last case was a remarkable one. An English gentleman of 
distinction and rank, from a distant province, in great grief at the loss of an 
infant son, came to this country in search of a child for adoption. As the 
mother was a member of the VV. C. T. U., she naturally appealed to Mrs 
Stevens, and through her learned of the Lewiston Nursery. A baby boy 
was here found almost the exact age of one they had lost — a poor, forsaken 
little one brought to the nursery when less than two months old, so feeble 
and wretched that it seemed he could live but a few days. The necessary 
papers being obtained, he was taken by the parents to their distant home of 
culture and refinement, perhaps never to know the story of his humble birth, 
or what he owed to this institution. In carrying on this work the ladies look to 
the fathers and mothers of the county for aid. To those disposing of property 
by will or otherwise, it may be a " word in season " to suggest this cliarity. 

June 2, 1886, the second union of the county was formed by the state and 
county presidents, assisted by Miss Henrietta Morse, one of the national 
organizers, with Dr Mary Bates Stevens as president, a woman eminently 
fitted by her noble qualities of heart and intellect for the position which she 
honorably filled until ill health forced her to decline a re-election in September, 
1889, when Mrs Abbie Capen Peaslee was elected, serving in 1889 and 1890. 
In the walks of her profession the need of the White Cross and White Shield 
departments had forcibly been presented to Dr Stevens, and in the earliest 
history of this union social purity engaged its attention, resulting in the appoint- 
ment of Mrs Jeffrey Parsons as superintendent for this department. The 
gratuitous services of two years of this valuable officer in lier care for the desti- 
tute, the homeless, and the erring, impressed the union with the importance of 
this work, and in consideration of the time required of its faithful servant, and 
encouraged by tlie ap})reciation shown by the citizens, the union appointed 
her to the permanent position of Special Purity Worker at a salary of -flOO, 
toward which friends have kindly contributed. Through her influence several 
young girls have been sent to the Industrial School at Hallowell and the 
Temporary Home in Portland ; many children have been induced to attend 
school that were truants in the street; little ones have been adopted into 
families; the aged made comfortable, and the sorrowing comforted by her 
thoughtful care. The success of the year led to her re-election, and in addition 
to her former services, she engaged, through the W. C. T. U., to extend the 
hospitality of her home, under the name of the Young Woman's Christian 
Home of Auburn, to young women of good ifioral character, with the purpose 
of assisting them in obtaining employment, and also the privileges of a Christian 
home. It is hoped tliis will prove but a nuclus of a permanent home for 
young women in this fast-growing city. 

This union has always been remarkable for the earnestness and activity 
of its members, they ever keeping in view its object, "to educate public senti- 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 297 

ment to total abstinence, train the young, save the inebriate, and secure the 
complete banishment of the liquor traffic." Public meetings have been held, 
in which members of the union and the local clergy have participated, and 
addresses have been given by eminent speakers from abroad. Club-rooms have 
received their sentence of banishment, while under the direction of efficient 
sujjerintendents the work of nearly all the departments of the organization 
has been prosecuted. At the suggestion of one of the members of this 
union, })rize diplomas for essays on the evil effects of alcohol were offered to 
the pupils of the grammar and intermediate schools. Through the kindly 
encouragement of the superintendent and teachers, 650 essays were written, 
and 51 diplomas conferred. This commendable undertaking was imitated by 
other unions of the county, with satisfactory results. 

Meetings of unusual interest and helpfulness have been held in the county 
jail from month to month. The county superintendent of the Flower Mission, 
Miss Flora Newman, of Lewiston, has celebrated the yearly anniversary of 
Flower Mission Prison Day (June 9) by holding services in the jail, where, 
laden with these choice tokens of God's loving thought, cells and hearts have 
been brightened with a bouquet of "something white, something bright, and 
something sweet" tied with a white ribbon, with a card attached on which has 
been written an appropriate scriptural text. The following tribute addressed 
to the writer was handed to her on one of these occasions, written evidently 
by a man of education and refinement, and in a clear, legible hand: — 

Madam: — Allow me to thus thank you and all others who took part in the happy occasion of 
to-day for your beautiful surprise. I assure you I, for one, appreciate your efforts, and sincerely 
hope that you will meet with the success you justly merit. 

Who knows but the life of a flower is immortal, 
And its soul pours forth in its breath of perfume. 
And rising, it enters through heaven's bright portal 
To blossom anew into beauty and bloom? 

Who knows but the flower so fragile and fleeting 
As tints of the rainbow, or drops of the dew — 
The blossoms you bring us in beauty and sweetness, 
Are emblems of thoughts that are tender and true? 

Mrs A. J. Benner is the present efficient president of the Auburn W. C. 
T. U. The Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union (the Y's, so-called) 
through this department has done a work beautiful in its purpose and in its 
mission to the sick and the sorrowing. 

The Turner Union was organized June 19, 1888, with Mrs Mary Irish 
as president. Upon the decease of Mrs Irish, Mrs Ella T. Mabry was appointed 
president. Through the department of scientific temperance instruction, text- 
books have been introduced into the schools. Their latest work has been to 
help establish a public library at Chase's Mills, which they hope "will be a 
blessing to the people for years to come." 



298 History of Androscoggin County. 



The Mechanic Falls Union was organized August 2, 1888, Mrs S. I. Jewett, 
president. The departments of work engaged in have been those of scientific 
temperance instruction in schools, Sabbath-school work, juvenile work, temper- 
ance literature, evangelistic work, parlor meetings, flower missions, fairs, impure 
literature, social purity, and Sabbath observance. The testimony of this effective 
union is this: "While we have not accomplished much, we are striving to do 
what we can for 'God and Home and Native Land,' leaving the result with 
him who hath said all things work together for good to them that love Him." 

In the midst of a severe storm, warm hearts greeted a delegation of W. C. 
T. U. workers at Greene, January 17, 1889, where was organized a Woman's 
Christian Temperance Union, with Mrs George W, Parker, president. The 
following departments of work have been engaged in: Sunday-school work, 
flower mission, and Sabbath observance, and a committee appointed to consult 
with teachers in regard to prize essays on temperance. The work of 1889 
consisted chiefly in holding gospel temperance meetings, and the distribution 
of temperance literature. In 1890 the union was specially interested in the 
Day Nursery at Lewiston. The corresponding secretary writes: "Although 
the work done in our union is small compared with larger unions, its members 
are thoroughly interested, and earnestly working for 'God and Home and 
Native Land.'" Thus again comes our glorious motto to the front, and our 
hearts are thrilled with the melody oi its meaning, as up from the little unions 
along the line is sounded its magic numbers. Mrs R. S. Thomas is the 
president for 1891. 

The Lisbon Falls Union was formed February 22, 1889, with Mrs Jordan 
White as president. Mrs M. A. Witham is the president for 1891. Into the 
hearts of this union has been adopted the Day Nursery of Lewiston, and for 
the comfort of these "God's little ones" have they been busily engaged, aside 
from other interests that have appealed to them. May this union of patriotic 
virtue be ever inspired by its anniversaries, which celebrate the birthday of 
the father of our country, and it could be called the Washington Union. 

Earnest workers from unions in the vicinity of Lisbon visited that thriving 
place March 14, 1889, to organize an Auxiliary to the W. C. T. U. A union 
was formed, and Mrs A. H. Macurda elected ju'esident. The work among the 
children was soon taken up, and a branch of the Loyal Legion organized. 
The departments of Sundaj'^-school work, scientific instruction in schools, 
flower missions, and Sabbath observance, have received special attention. 

East Auburn reports through its secretary that under the auspices of the 
Lewiston and Auburn unions, invited by Mrs H. B. Marshall, wife of the 
Baptist pastor, and formerly a member of the W. C. T. U. in the West, a 
union was formed June 18, 1889, with Mrs Marshall as president. Mrs Henry 
Townsend is the present president. Inspired by our motto, they hope a good 
work has been accomplished. Several public temperance meetings have been 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union. 299 

held, temperance literature disbursed, and prizes offered in the schools for best 
essays on alcohol and tobacco, have served to strengthen public sentiment. 
God's messengers, the flowers, sent to the homes of the sick and aged, have 
been gratefully received. So they believe their work has not been in vain, 
and that seed they have planted will spring up to bless other generations. 

Livermore Falls Union was organized March 14, 1890, with Mrs Charles R. 
Loring, president. Mrs A. D. Gilbert is the president for 1891. Though in 
its infancy it has a bright outlook in the efficiency of its board of officers and 
the cheerful courage of its members. Its secretary says that, while ignorant 
as yet of ways and means, they hold profitable meetings, and are deeply inter- 
ested in the work, hoping to do much of good. Special attention has been given 
to the distribution of temperance literature. 

In 1887 the unions of Lewiston and Auburn established a restaurant at the 
State Fair Grounds, with the combined })urpose of helping to elevate the moral 
tone of the people through the distribution of temperance literature, lessening 
the temptation to the use of intoxicants, and the furnishing of meals to 
obtain funds to forward the local work of the organization. 

Three Demorest medal contests in oratory of unexceptional interest have 
been held in the county. The successful contestant of the East Auburn 
contest was Miss Edna C. Thomas. The contest in Auburn was participated 
in by pupils of the Nichols Latin School and the Lewiston and Auburn high 
schools. Miss Josephine H. Hodsdon, of the Latin School, won the prize. Prom- 
inent citizens of Lewiston and Auburn served as judges ; appropriate and 
interesting remarks were made by Mayor A. R. Savage. Lisbon held an 
enthusiastic contest. Its object was the purchase of a flag for the high 
school; the movement originated with Mrs A. N. Moffat, National Assistant 
Superintendent of the W. C. T. U. There were six contestants. Miss Belle 
Miles won the medal. Distinguished speakers of national fame, and Mrs 
Laura Ormiston Chant, of England, have addressed public audiences in this 
county in this cause. Pant and Present State Officers and Superintendents^ 
Residents of the County: Mrs E. M. Blanchard, Lewiston, treasurer; Mrs M. 
K. Mabry, Turner, vice-president for the county; Mrs Susan French, Auburn, 
temperance work at fairs; Mrs Nellie R. Sprague, Greene, co-operation with 
other societies; Mary L. French, Auburn, press work, also editor of the state 
official organ. Star in the Uast, established January, 1890; Mrs Abbie Capen 
Peaslee, Auburn, state organizer. Past superintendents — Dr Mary B. Stevens, 
Auburn, hygienic reform and heredity; Dr Aurelia Springer, Lewiston, 
franchise. The officers of the county organization elected in June, 1891, are: 
Mrs R. A. Springer, Livermore Falls, Pres.; Mrs R. A. Pratt, Auburn, Sec; 
M. E. Perkins, Mechanic Falls, Treas. Mrs E. M. Blanchard, Dr Mary B. 
Stevens, Mrs M. K. Mabry have served as county presidents of the W. C. T. U. 
Several county conventions have been held. 



300 History of Androscoggin County. 



"Wrought into the granite of deeds" is the history of the unions of 
Androscoggin county, unflinching in their loyalty, and true to the sentiment 
that makes no compromise with error, or with the adoption of an expedient at 
the cost of an interest that is eternity-bound, their success and prosperity have 
been undiminished. Trusting for the glorious result for which they labor, the 
prohibition of the liquor traffic and its attendant evils, they press to the front 
with their pure white banner entwined with the flags of the nations, while the 
tramp of little feet, as aloft they bear their ensign with its prophetic motto, 
"Tremble, King Alcohol, for we shall grow up," inspires with a never-dying 
conrao-e the valiant host that marches on to conquest for "God and Home and 
Native Land." 



CHAPTER XIV. 

national, state, and county officers. 

United States Senators — Representatives in Congress — State Oflflcers — Representatives 
to the Massachusetts Legislature — Members of the Constitutional Convention of 1819 — 
State Senators — Members of Maine Legislature — Clerlis of Court — County Attorneys — 
Sheriffs — Judges of Probate — Registers of Probate — County Treasurers — County Com- 
missioners — Registers of Deeds. 

NATIONAL OFFICERS.— U. S. Senators — William P. Frye, Lewiston, 
1881-1883 (filled vacancy caused by appointment of James G. Blaine, 
Secretary of State), 1883-1889, 1889-1895. Representatives in Con- 
gress — Ebenezer Herrick, Lewiston, 1821-1825; Charles W. Walton, Auburn, 
1861 (resigned; appointed Justice S. J. Court); T. A. D. Fessenden, Auburn 
(filled vacancy caused by Walton's resignation), 1861-1863; Wm P. Frye, 
Lewiston, 1871-1881; Nelson Dingley, Jr, Lewiston, 1881-1883, 1883-1885, 
1885-1887, 1887-1889, 1889-1891, 1891-1893. 

State Officers. — G-overnors — Nelson Dingley, Jr, Lewiston, 1874; Alonzo 
Garcelon, Lewiston, 1879. Presidents of Senate — Job Prince, Turner, 1839; 
David Dunn, Poland, 1846; Chas W. Goddard, Auburn, 1859; Wm D. Pennell, 
Lewiston, 1885. Secretaries of Senate — Ebenezer Herrick, Lewiston, 1820; 
J. O. L. Foster, Lewiston, 1845. Speakers of the House — Charles Andrews, 
Turner, 1842 ; David Dunn, Poland, 1843 ; Nelson Dingley, Jr, Lewiston, 1863 ; 
Liberty H. Hutchinson, Lewiston, 1881. Secretary/ of State — Franklin M. 
Drew, Brunswick (now of Lewiston), 1868-1872. Adjutant- Greneral — Henry 



National, State, and County Officers. 301 

M. Sprague, Auburn, 1889. Attorney- Cieneral — Wm P. Frye, Lewiston, 1867- 
1870. Reporters of Decisions — Timothy Ludden, Turner, vols. 43 to 44 ; Josiah 
D. Pulsifer, Auburn, vols. 65 to 68. 

Representatives to the Massachusetts Legislature. — None appear in the 
Massachusetts Registers until 1798 when John Herrick appears sent by Lewis- 
ton, and Samuel Merrill, by Durham. 1799 — John Herrick, Lewiston, is given 
as the sole representative. 1800 — Joel Thompson, Lewiston; Elijah Liver- 
more, Livermore. 1801 — J. Herrick, Lewiston; David Learned, Livermore. 
1802 — J. Herrick, Lewiston ; Josiah Burnham, Durham ; Noah Jordan, Thomp- 
sonborough; David Learned, Livermore. 1803 — Noah Jordan, Lisbon ; John 
Herrick, Lewiston; Sylvanus Boardman, Livermore. 1804 — John Herrick, 
Lewiston; Cyrus Hamlin, Livermore; Noah Jordan, Lisbon ; Benjamin Alden, 
Greene. 1805 — David Learned, Livermore; Dan Read, Lewiston. 1806 — 
Thomas Francis, Leeds; John Turner, Turner; Dan Read, Lewiston. 1807 — 
Thomas Barnes, Poland; Christopher Tracy, Durham ; John Herrick, Lewiston ; 
Luke Lambert, Lisbon; Luther Robbins, Greene; Seth Howard, Leeds; John 
Turner, Turner; Simeon Waters, Livermore. 1808 — Samuel Andrews, 
Poland; Joel Thompson, Lewiston; Luther Robbins, Greene; Daniel Lothrop, 
Jr, Leeds; John Turner, Turner; Nathaniel Perley, Livermore. 1809 — 
Samuel Andrews, Poland; Joel Thompson, Lewiston ; John Daggett, Greene; 
Daniel Lothrop, Jr, Leeds; John Turner, Turner; Simeon Waters, Livermore. 

1810 — Josiah Burnham, Durham; Robert Snell, Poland; Seth Chandler, Asaph 
Howard, Minot; Joel Thompson, Lewiston; John Daggett, Greene; Daniel 
Lothrop, Jr, Leeds; John Turner, Turner; Simeon Waters, Livermore. 

1811 — Thomas Barnes, Poland ; Seth Chandler, Nicholas Noyes, Minot ; Gideon 
Curtis, Lisbon; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; George French, Turner; Simeon 
Waters, Livermore. 1812 — Secomb Jordan, Durham ; Robert Snell, Poland; 
Nicholas Noyes, Minot; Aaron Dwinel, Lewiston; James Small, Lisbon; 
Luther Robbins, Greene; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; George French, Turner; 
Samuel I^ivermore, Wm H. Brettun, Livermore. 1813 — Secomb Jordan, 
Durham; Robert Snell, Poland; Jonathan Nash, Minot; Joseph Roberts, 
Pejepscot; Joel Thompson, Lewiston; Nathaniel Fames, Lisbon; John 
Daggett, Greene; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; Joseph Bonney, Turner; Simeon 
Waters, William H. Brettun, Livermore. 1814 — Josiah Burnham, Durham; 
Thomas Barnes, Poland; Jacob Hill, Minot; Joel Thompson, Lewiston; 
Nathaniel Fames, Lisbon; Luther Robbins, Greene; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; 
Joseph Bonney, Turner; William H. Brettun, Samuel Livermore, Livermore. 
1815 — Josiah Dunn-, Poland; Jacob Hill, Minot; Aaron Dwinel, Lisbon; 
Luther Robbins, Greene; Martin Leonard, Leeds; Simeon Waters, Israel 
Washburn, Livermore. 1816 — Josiah Dunn, Poland; Godfrey Grosvenor, 
Minot; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; Joseph Bonney, Turner; Israel Washburn, 
Simeon Waters, Livermore. 1817 — Josiah Dunn, Poland; William Ladd, 



302 History of Androscoggin County. 



Seth Chandler, Minot; Luther Robbins, Greene; Daniel Lothrop, Leeds; 
George French, Turner; Samuel Waters, Ira Thompson, Livermore. 1818 — 
Joseph Keith, Minot. 1819 — Josiah Dunn, Poland; Benjamin H. Mace, 
Lisbon; Simeon Waters, Israel Washburn, Livermore. 1820 — Josiah Dunn, 
Poland; George Kicker, Minot; Luther Robbins, Greene; Stillman Howard, 
Leeds; Philip Bradford, Turner; Israel Washburn, Livermore. 

Members of the Const if ufional Convention which framed the Constitvtioyi of 
the State, held October 29, 1819. — Danville, Josiah Roberts; Durham, Secomb 
Jordan, Allen H. Cobb ; Minot, Asaph Howard, Chandler Freeman ; Poland, 
Josiah Dunn, Jr ; Livermore, Benj. Bradford, Thomas Chase, Jr ; Turner, John 
Turner, Philip Bradford; Lewiston, John Herrick ; Lisbon, James Small, 
Nathaniel Fames ; Wales, Joseph Small ; Greene, Luther Robbins ; Leeds, 
Thomas Francis. 

State Senators. — At the time of the incorporation of this county 
Auburn, Danville, Durham, Minot, and Poland were in the second senatorial 
district; Lewiston, Lisbon, and Webster in the third; Greene, Leeds, and 
Wales in the fourth; and Livermore and Turner in the fourteenth. The act 
incorporating the county provided that for the choice of senators and repre- 
sentatives the towns should remain in the same districts of which they were 
then a part. Tlie names of the senators from these districts from 1854 are : 
1854 — Second District, Warren H. Vinton, Wm Lowell, James T. McCobb, 
Jacob Hazen ; Third District, Elisha Clarke, Nathan H. Farwell, James Lowell, 
Alfred L. Berry; Fourth District, Henry P. Torsey, Stephen Stark, Isaac N. 
Tucker. No senators from the fourteenth district appear on the roll of the 
senate. 1855 — Second District, Henry A. Boody, Nathaniel Pease, Aaron 
Quinby, Wm Willis; Third District, Alonzo Garcelon, Geo. Thorndike, Cor- 
nelius Turner, Sewall Watson; Fourth District, Joseph Eaton, Augustus 
Sprague, Henry P. Torsey. 1856 — Second District, Abner B. Thompson, 
Horatio J. Swasey, Phinehas Barnes, rlosiah Blaisdell; Third District, Edward 
O'Brien, Jefferson Hathorn, E. Wilder Farley, Stephen H. Read; Fourth District, 
Lot M. Morrill, Emery O. Bean, Thomas Burrill. 1857 — Second District, 
John B. Brown, Eleazer Burbank, John P. Davis, Clement Phinney; Third 
District — David C. Magoun, Hiram Chapman, Robert C. Webb, Aaron J. 
West; Fourth District, Joseph H. Williams, Thomas W. Herrick, Nathaniel 
Graves, 1858 — Second District, William W. Thomas, Eleazer W. Burbank, 
John P. Davis, ('harles W. Goddard; Third District, Aaron J. West, Hiram 
Chapman, Jason M. Carleton, Nathaniel A.Burpee; Foiirth District, Alfred 
Fletcher, John Berry, Jr, Charles A. Wing. 1859 — Second District, Charles 
Hannaford, Clement Skolfield, Edward Anderson, Charles W. Goddard 
(president); Third District, Nathaniel A. Burpee, Jason M. Carleton, Jesse S. 
Lyford ; Fourth District, Alfred Fletcher, John Berry, Jr, Charles A. Wing. 
I860 — Second District, Charles Hannaford, Clement Skolfield, Edward 



National, State, and County Officers. 303 



Anderson, Samuel F. Perley; Third District^ Joseph Barron, Jesse S. Lyford, 
Robert E. Rider, Henry Kennedy; Fourth Dhtriet, Josiah H. Druuiniond, 
James A. Bicknell. 1861 — Second District, Nathaniel J. Miller, Sewall N. 
Gross, Nathaniel Pease, Warren H.Vinton; Third District, Jesse S. Lyford, 
Rufus Sylvester, Robert E. Rider, Henry Kennedy; Fourth District, Calvin 
Hopkins, James A. Bicknell, Warren Percival. By the ap})ortionment of 
senators this year, Androscoggin was made a separate senatorial district, 
entitled to one senator. 1862-1868, Charles F.Jordan; 1864-1865, Jeremiah 
Dingley, Jr; 1866-1867, Adna C. Denison; 1868-1869, Mandeville T. Ludden ; 
1870, Daniel Holland. From this time two senators are sent from the county. 
1871-1872-1873, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, Jesse Davis; 1874-1875, William H. 
Rounds, Edmund Russell; 1876-1877, Benjamin F. Sturgis, Charles B. Jordan; 
1878-1879, J. L. H. Cobb, Rufus Prince; 1880, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, George 
Parcher. Biennial Sessions. — 1881, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, George Parcher; 
1883, William D. Pennell, William D. Roak; 1885, William D. Pennell 
(president), William D. Roak; 1887, Benjamin J. Hill, Frank E. Sleeper; 
1889, Benjamin J. Hill, Frank E. Sleeper; 1891, Jesse M. Libby, John Harper. 

Members of Maine House of Representatives. — 1820 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, 
Asaph Howard; Poland and Danville, Josiah Dunn, Jr; Lewiston and Wales, Dan Read; Greene, 
Luther Robbins; Leeds, Thomas Francis; Livermore, Thomas Chase, Jr; Turner, John Turner. 
1821 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, Asaph Howard; Poland, Josiah Dunn, Jr; Lewiston, Dan 
Read; Lisbon, Nathaniel Fames; Greene, Luther Robbins; Leeds, Thomas B^rancis; Livermore, 
Thomas Chase, Jr; Turner, John Turner. 1822 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Danville, Ebenezer 
Witham; Minot, Godfrey Grosvenor; Poland, Josiah Dunn, Jr; Lisbon, Benjamin H. Mace; Lewiston, 
James Lowell; Leeds, Thomas W. Bridgham; Livermore, Thomas Chase, Jr; Turner, Joseph 
Bonney. 182o — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, Willard H. Woodbury; Poland, James Twitchell; 
Lisbon, Benjamin H. Mace; Wales, Joseph Small; Leeds, Thomas W. Bridgham; Livermore, Thomas 
Chase, Jr; Turner, Joseph Bonney. 1824 — Danville, John Penley; Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, 
Willard H. Woodbury; Poland, William Dunn; Lewiston, Dan Read; Lisljon, Nathaniel Eames; 
Greene, Alfred Pierce; Leeds, Thomas Francis; Livermore, Thomas Chase, Jr; Turner, Joseph 
Bonney. 1825 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, Willard H. Woodbury; Poland, William Dunn; 
Lisbon, Nathaniel Eames; Wales, Joseph Small; Leeds, Thomas Francis; Livermore, Thomas Chase, 
Jr; Turner, Joseph Bonney. 1826 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Danville, Ebenezer Witham, Jr; 
Minot, Willard H. Woodbury; Poland, William Dunn; Lisbon, Aaron Dwinall; Lewiston, Dan Read; 
Greene, Alfred Pierce; Leeds, Thomas W. Bridfjham; Livermore, Thomas Chase, Jr; Turner, 
Timothy Howe. 1827 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, W. H. Woodbury; Poland, Jabez True, Jr; 
Lisbon, Aaron Dwinall; Lewiston, Oliver Herrick; Greene, Alfred Pierce; Leeds, Thomas W. 
Bridgham; Livermore, Benjamin Bradford; Turner, Joseph Bonney. 1828 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; 
Minot, Charles Moody; Danville, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll; Poland, Jabez True, Jr; Livermore, 
Benjamin Bradford ; Lisbon, Aaron Dwinall; Leeds, Stillman Howard; Wales, Joseph Small; Turner, 
Joseph Bonney. 1829 — Durham, Allen H. Cobb; Minot, Benjamin Johnson; Poland, Jabez True, Jr; 
Lewiston, Oliver Herrick; Lisbon, Aaron Dwinall; Greene, Moses Sprague; Leeds, Daniel Lothrop; 
Livermore, Benjamin Bradford; Turner, Ichabod Bonney, Jr. 1830 — Danville, William Woodbury; 
Durham, James Strout; ISIinot, Benjamin Johnson; Poland, Daniel Waterman, Jr; Lisbon, Moses 
Tibbetts; Wales, John Andrews; Leeds, Stillman Howard; Livermore, Charles Barrell; Turner, Joseph 
Bonney. 1831 — Durham, James Strout; Minot, George Ricker; Poland, Reuben B. Dunn; Lisbon, 
Moses Tibbetts ; Lewiston, Oliver Herrick; Greene, Alfred Pierce; Leeds, John Francis, Livermore; 
William Snow; Turner, Asa Bradford. 1832 — Durham, James Strout; Minot, Willard H. Woodbury; 
Poland, Reuben B. Dunn; Lewiston, William Garcelon; Lisbon, Benjamin D. Bryent; Greene, 
Benjamin Allen; Leeds, John Francis; Livermore, Reuel Washburn; Turner, Asa Bradford. 1833 — 
Danville, John Stinchfield; Durham, Henry Moore; Minot, Godfrey Grosvenor; Poland, Benjamin 



304 History of Androscoggin County. 



Waterhouse; Lisbon, Paul C. Tibbetts; Wales, John Andrews, Jr; Leeds, Leavitt Lothrop; Liver- 
more, Reuel Washburn; Turner, Daniel Hutchinson. 1834 — Danville, James Goff; Durham, Henry 
Moore; Minot, Joshua Parsons; Poland, Benjamin Waterhouse; Lewiston, Stephen H. Read; Lisbon, 
Horace Corbett: Greene, Benjamin Allen; Leeds, Leavitt Lothrop; Livermore, Reuel Washburn; 
Turner, Job Prince. 1835 — Danville, Benjamin Waterhouse; Durham, Joseph Warren; Minot, 
Nathan L. Woodbury; Poland, William Maxwell; Lisbon, Paul C. Tibbetts; Wales, Joseph Foss; 
Leeds, Israel Herrick; Livermore, Reuel Washburn; Turner, Ajalon Dillingham. 183(5— Danville, 
Benjamin Waterhouse; Durham, Joseph Warren; Minot, Nathan L. Woodbury; Poland, AVilliam 
Maxwell, Jr; Lewiston, William Garcelon; Lisbon, Paul C. Tibbetts; Greene, Benjamin Allen; 
Leeds, Israel Herrick; Livermore, Benjamin Waterhouse; Turner, Ajalon Dillingham. 1837 — 
Danville, Samuel Stinchfield; Durham, Jonathan C. Merrill; Minot, Enoch Littlefield; Poland, 
Stephen M. Marble; Lewiston, Thomas Hodgkiu; Lisbon, Benjamin D. Bryent; Greene, Solomon 
Brown; Leeds, Issachar Lane; Livermore, Samuel B. Holt; Turner, Isaac Gross. 1838 — Durham, 
Thomas Estes; Minot, William Lowell, Jr; Poland, Stephen M. Marble; Danville, John Penley; 
Lisbon, Mark Garcelon; Lewiston, James Lowell; Leeds, Solomon Lothrop; Turner, Isaac Gross; 
Livermore, Samuel B. Holt. 1839 — Minot, Calvin Bridgham; Durham, Thomas Estes; Poland, John 
Megquier; Danville, Samuel Stinchfield; Lisbon, Philip M. Garcelon; Lewiston, James Lowell; 
Leeds, Solomon Lothrop; Greene, John Stevens; Turner, Charles Andrews; Livermore, Willard 
Kelsey. 1840 — Poland, John INIegquier; Minot, Charles INIillett; Durham, Jonathan Strout; Dan- 
ville, Ebenezer Witham; Lisbon, Philip M. Garcelon; Leeds, Joshua S. Turner; Turner, Charles 
Andrews; Livermore, Willard Kelsey. 1841 — Poland, David Dunn; Minot, William Lowell; Durham, 
Jonathan Strout; Danville, Ebenezer Witham; Lisbon, Simeon Dwinel; Lewiston, Stephen H. Read; 
Leeds, John D. Millett; Greene, Nathaniel Robbins; Turner, Charles Andrews; Livermore, Reuel 
Washburn. 1842 — Poland, David Dunn; JNIinot, James Goff, Jr; Danville, John R. Nutting; 
Durham, Joseph Warren; Lisbon, John Lewis; Lewiston, Temple Tebbetts; Leeds, Joshua S. Turner; 
Turner, Charles Andrews; Livermore, Samuel B. Morrison. 1843 — Durham, Simeon Bailey; Poland, 
David Dunn; Auburn, James Goff, Jr; Lewiston, Gideon Perkins; Turner, William B. Bray; 
Livermore, Isaac S. Daly. 1844 — Poland, David Dunn; Danville, Nathaniel L. IngersoU; Minot, 
Jabez C. Woodman; Lisbon, Horace Corbett; Livermore, Samuel B. Morrison. 1845 — Poland, 
Eliphalet Davis; Auburn, Enoch Littlefield; Durham, Alvah Marston; Lewiston, Asa Garcelon; 
Greene, Orrin Daggett; Leeds, Barnabas Davee; Turner, William B. Bray; Livermore, Isaac S. 
Daly. 1846. — Auburn, Thomas L. Howard; Danville, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll; Poland, Freeland 
Marble; Lisbon, Joseph Moore; Webster, .Jacob Hill; Livermore, Philip Muiiger; Turner, John F. 
Holt. 1847 — Durham, Sewall Libby; Minot, Richard H. Ford; Poland, Freeland Marble; Lewiston, 
Stephen Davis; Leeds, Thomas W. Bridgham; Livermore, Benjamin Bradford. 1848 — Danville, 
Edward T. Little; Minot, Richard H. Ford; Poland, David Dunn; Lisbon, John Whittemore; Greene, 
Martin Leonard; Wales, Daniel Larrabee; Livermore, James Chase; Turner, Luther Bailey. 1849 — 
Auburn, Thomas Littlefield; Durham, Jonathan C. Merrill; Poland, Robert Martin; Lewiston, 
Stephen Myrick, Jr; Webster, Wentworth Jordan; East Livermore, Hanes L. Morrison; Leeds, 
Joseph Day, 2d; Turner, Isaac Strickland. 1850 — Danville, George W. Chase; Minot, Richard H. 
Ford; Poland, Robert Martin; Lisbon, John Atwood; Greene, Augustus Sprague; Livermore, Nathaniel 
Norcross. 1851 — Auburn, John Downing, Jr; Durham, Joseph Warren; Poland, David Dunn; Lew- 
iston, James Lowell; Leeds, Peleg B.Caswell; Wales, Joel Small; Livermore, Nathaniel Norcross; 
Turner, Timothy Ludden. 1852 — Auburn, John Downing, Jr, Durham, Joseph Warren; Poland, 
David Dunn; Lewiston, James Lowell; Leeds, Peleg B. Caswell; Wales, Joel Small; Livermore, 
Nathaniel Norcross; Turner, Timothy Ludden. 18.53 — Minot, Nathan C. Harris; Durham, William 
Newell, Jr; Auburn, George Ricker, Jr; Poland, Daniel Waterman; Greene, John Stevens; Lew- 
iston, .Monzo Garcelon; Webster, Stetson L. Hill; Turner, Luther Bailey. 

Androscoggin County. — 1854— Poland, George Bridgham, Jr; Auburn, Thomas Littlefield; 
Danville, Ebenezer Witham; Leeds, Giddings Lane; Lewiston, Charles Millett; Lisbon, Moses 
Whittemore. 1855 — East Livermore, Oilman D. Garland; Lewiston, Jacob B. Ham; Greene, Tristram 
Hill; Auburn, Silvester Oakes; Poland, William Stanton; Minot, Isaiah Woodman; Turner, William 
Bray; Durham, Hezekiah Gerrish. 1856 — Auburn, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr; Danville, Calvin Record; 
Poland, William Stanton; Leeds, Thomas Owen; Lewiston, Jacob B. Ham; Lisbon, Aaron J. West; 
Livermore, Reuben 1'. Brown. 1857 — Auburn, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr; Durham, William D. Roak; 
Lewiston, Alonzo Garcelon; Livermore, Orison Rollins; Minot, David B. Sawyer; Poland, Thomas 
Lane; Turner, Samuel B. Holt; Wales, John Lombard; Webster, James Bryent. 1858 — Auburn, 
Timothy Bailey; Durham, William D. Roak; East Livermore, Cyrus Knapp; Lisbon, George 
Plummer; Lewiston, Alcander Burbank; Poland, Thomas Lane; Danville, Daniel Field; Turner, 



National, State, and County Officers. 305 

Samuel B. Holt; Leeds, Uriah Foss. 1859 — Auburn, J. F. Cobb; Greene, Silas Sprague; Lewiston, 
Alcander Burbank; Minot, Joseph Bucknani; Poland, Charles F. Jordan. 1860 — Auburn, T. A. D. 
Fessenden; Danville, William H. Rounds; Durham, Sewall Strout; Leeds, John Gilraore; Livermore, 
S. M. Norton; Lewiston, John B. Jones; Lisbon, Henry I. Holland; Poland, Charles F. Jordan; 
Turner, D. H. Teague. 18()1 — Auburn, Dexter Robinson; Poland, William Cousens; Lewiston, 
William P. Frye; Livermore, John Monroe; Minot, W. L. Bonney; Turner, D. H. Teague; Durham, 
Emery S. Warren; Greene, Harrison Rose. 18(32 — Auburn, Nelson Dingley, Jr; Danville, James 
Wagg; East Livermore, H. C. Wentworth; Lewiston, William P. Frye, Mark Lowell; Lisbon, Jesse 
Davis; Poland, H. G. O. Haskell; Turner, Solon Chase. 1863 — Auburn, Nelson Dingley, Jr; Leeds, 
Davis F. Lothrop; Lewiston, Nathan W. Farwell, Mark Lowell; Lisbon, David F. Shea; Minot, 
William P. Bearce; Turner, Solon Chase; Poland, H. G. O. Haskell. 1864— Auburn, Edward T. 
Little; Danville, Eben Jordan, Jr; Durham, Nelson Strout; Greene, Converse R. Daggett; Lewiston, 
Nathan W. P^arwell, Nelson Dingley, Jr; Livermore, Charles W. Fuller; Wales, Harding L. Watts. 
1865 — Auburn, Edward T. Little; East Livermore, Francis F. Haines; Lewiston, Nelson Dingley, Jr, 
Abial M. Jones; Lisbon, David S. Dunlap; Minot, William INIoore; Poland, Adna C. Denison; 
Livermore, Daniel H. Kilbreth. 1866 — Auburn, Oscar D. Bailey; Danville, Eben Jordan, Jr; 
Durham, James H. Eveleth; Leeds, Greenwood C. Gordon; Lewiston, Abial M. Jones, Daniel 
Holland; Poland, John R. Pulsifer; Turner, Phillips Bradford. 1867 — Auburn, Oscar D. Bailey; 
Greene, Bradford D. Farnham; Lewiston, Daniel Holland, William P. Frye; Minot, Josiah A. 
Bucknam; Poland, John R. Pulsifer; Turner, Phillips Bradford; Webster, Jonathan B. Jordan. 
1868 — Auburn, T. A. D. Fessenden; Danville, Daniel Fields; Lewiston, George A. Clark, Nelson 
Dingley, Jr; Leeds, Wallace R. Leadbetter; Lisbon, Israel K. Estes; Livermore, Sylvan G. Shurtleff; 
Wales, Joel Ham. 18(i9 — Auburn, Granville Blake; Durham, Jonathan Libbey; Greene, William 
M. Longley; Lewiston, George A. Clark, John S. P. Ham; Livermore, Albert C. Pray; Minot, 
Stillman W. Shaw; Poland, Andrew J. Weston. 1870 — Auburn, Granville Blake; Leeds, Joseph G. 
Gott; Lewiston, Samuel R. Bearce, John S. P. Ham; Lisbon, Edward Plummer; Minot, Marshall 
Jordan; Poland, Andrew J. Weston; Turner, Zebulon H. Bearce. 1871 — Auburn, Jeremiah Dingley; 
Danville, James Wagg; Durham, John D. Osgood; PZast Livermore, Cyrus Kuapp; Lewiston, Henry 
A. Osgood, R. C. Reynolds; Poland, Luther Perkins; Turner, James M. Fish. 1872 — Auburn, Oscar 
D. Bailey, John W. Perkins; Leeds, Oscar D. Turner; Lewiston, David Farrar, John W. Farwell, 
Nelson Howard; Poland, Luther Perkins; Turner, Rufus Prince; Webster, O. D. Potter. 1873 — 
Auburn, Oscar D. Bailey, Ara Cushman; Greene, Oliver Mower; Lewiston, Nelson Dingley, Jr, 
Nelson Howard, Warren E. Pressey; Lisbon, Charles B. Jordan; Minot^Poland, William H. Rounds; 
Turner, James A. Carey. 1874 — Auburn, Isaiah AVoodman, B. F. Sturgis; Lewiston, Warren E. 
Pressey, Adelbert D. Cornish, J L. H. Cobb; Livermore, Caleb Smith; Poland, Adna T. Denison; 
Lisbon, Oliver R. Small; Wales, David S. Sanborn. 1875 — Auburn, Benjamin F. Sturgis, James 
Wagg; Durham, Leonard Macomber; East Livermore, John W. Eaton; Lewiston, Nathan W. 
Dutton, Seth D. Wakefield; Livermore, John Sanders; Poland, Adna T. Denison. 1876 — Auburn, 
James Wagg, Hannibal R. Smith; Lewiston, Nathan W. Dutton, John G. Cook, Cyrus Greely; 
Minot, Charles H. Dwinal; Leeds, George Parcher; Turner, Lewis A. Farrar; Webster, J. W. 
Maxwell. 1877 — Auburn, Ansel Briggs, Hannibal R.Smith; Durham, William Stackpole; Greene, 
Virgil H. Sprague; Lewiston, John G. Cook, Cyrus Greely, George H. Pilsbury; Poland, Jesse M. 
Libby; Turner, Lewis A. Farrar. 1878— Lewiston, George H. Pilsbury, Abial M. Jones, Joseph S. 
Garcelon; Auburn, Charles E. Smith, Ansel Briggs; Poland-Minot, Gideon Bearce; Lisbon-Durham- 
Webster, Charles B. Plummer; East Livermore-Greene-I-iceds-Wales, John W. Eaton; Livermore- 
Turner, Samuel Boothby. 1879 — Lewiston, Abial M. Jones, Joseph S. Garcelon, Liberty H. 
Hutchinson; Auburn, Charles E. Smith, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr; Poland-Minot, D. B. Perry; Lisbon- 
Durham-Webster, Nathaniel J. Shaw; Leeds-East Livermore-Greeue- Wales, Charles H. Lane; 
Livermore-Turner, James N. Atwood. 1880 — Lewiston, Liberty H. Hutchinson, Silas W. Cook, 
Isaac N. Parker; Auburn, Ebenezer Jordan, Ellery F. Goss; Poland-Minot, Thomas B. Swan; 
Durham -Lisbon -Webster, Williiim H. Thomas; Greene -Leeds -East Livermore -Wales, Charles 
M. Washburn; Turner-Livermore, Horace C. Haskell. 

Biennial. — 1881 — Lewiston, L. H. Hutchinson (speaker), Silas W. Cook, Isaac N. Parker; Auburn, 
Ebenezer Jordan, Ellery F. Goss; Poland-Minot, Thomas B. Swan, succeeded by D. B. Perry; Lisbon- 
Durham-Webster, Elijah M. Shaw; Wales-Greene-Leeds-East Livermore, Joseph G. Bragg; Turner- 
Livermore, Horace C. Haskell. 1883 — Lewiston, Wallace II. White, Oren A. Horr, Chas S. Newell; 
Auburn, Benj. J. Hill, Arthur B. Latham; Poland-Minot, John S. Briggs; Webster-Durham-Lisbon, 
Roscoe I). Y. Philbrook; Wales-Greene-Leeds-East Livermore, Thomas W. Ham; Turner-Livermore, 
H. W. Copeland. 1885 — Lewiston, Chas Walker, John M. Robbins, D. J. McGillicuddy, L. J. Martel; 



306 History of Androscoggin Cofnty. 



Auburn, Benj. J. Hill, Silvester Oakes; Poland- Wales, Benj. H. Noble; Minot-Durham, Prescott R. 
Cobb; Lisbon-Webster, Jeremiah Philbrook; Leeds-Greene-East Livermore, Seth Howard; Turner- 
Livermore, John O. Palmer. 1887— Lewiston, Frank L. Noble, Albert B. Nealey, Joseph E. Cloutier, 
J.Harper; Auburn, David P. Field, Geo. G. Gifford; Durham-Minot, ChasW. Harding; Poland-Wales, 
Chas N. Burns; Lisbon- Webster, Alfred E. Jordan; Greene-Leeds-East Livermore, Eli Hodgkins; 
Turner-Livermore, John T. Gushing. 188!)— Lewiston, Ivory W. Emerson, Albert B. Nealey, Joseph 
E. Cloutier, John Harper; Auburn, David P. Field, George G. Gifford; East-Livermore-Greene- 
Leeds, Alvin Record; Minot-Durham, Frank O. Purinton; Wales-Poland, Alden Moulton; Webster- 
Lisbon, James G. Jordan; Livermore-Turner, John O. Palmer. 1891 — Lewiston, William Dickey, 
T. F. Callahan, Charles H. Osgood, Frank L. Noble; Auburn, Albert R. Savage, Albert M. Penley; 
East Livermore-Leeds-Greene, R. N. Maxim; Minot-Durham, Joseph H. Davis; Webster-Lisbon, 
Charles M. Ham; Poland- Wales, W. W. Dennen; Turner-Livermore, Roscoe Smith. 

County Officers.- C/e/-/fcs of Courts. — Gyxw^ Knapp, appointed by the Governor, March 31, 1854- 
January 1, 1855; J. D. Pulsifer, January 1, 185o-December 31, 1863; Daniel P. Atwood, January 1, 
1864-December 31, 1878; I. W. Hanson, January 1, 1879, present term expires December 31, 1892. 
Cowni?/ ^i^or/ieys.— Charles W. Goddard, Lewiston, 1854-5-6-7; Charles W. Walton, Auburu, 1858-9- 
60; Thomas A. D. Fessenden, Auburn, 1861-()2; Mandeville T. Ludden, Lewiston, 1863-4-5-15; Emery 
O. Bicknell, Lewiston, 1867-8-9; Augustus M. Pulsifer, Auburn, 1870-1-2; George C. Wing, Auburu, 
1873_4_5; Wallace H. White, Lewiston, 1876-7-8-9-80 (resigned 1880, and Albert R. Savage, appointed); 
Albert R. Savage, Auburn, 1881-2-3; Tascus Atwood, Auburn, 1885-6; J. M. Libby, Poland, 1887- 
8-9-90; William H. Newell, Lewiston, 1891, present term expires December 31, 1892. S/ier(//s.— Charles 
Clark, Danville, 1854-5; Lee Strickland, Livermore, 1856; Charles Clark, Danville, 1857-8-9-60; Isaac 
N. Parker, Lewiston, 1861-70; Daniel H. Teague, Turner, 1870-1; W. H. Waldron, Lewiston, 1872; 
Thomas Littlefield, Auburn, 1873-1-5-6-7-8-9-80-1. Vacancy. Hillman Smith, Auburn, 1883-4-5-6- 
7-8; John F. Lamb, East Livermore, 1889-90-1, term expires December 31, 1892. Judges of Probate. — 
Nahum Morrill, Auburn, 1854-5-6; Reuel Washburn, Livermore, 1857-8, July, 1859; Edward T. Little, 
Danville, 1859-60-1-2-3; Enos T. Luce, Lewiston, 1863-4-5-6-7-8-9-70-1; Cyrus Knapp, East Liver- 
more, 1872-3-4-5; George C. Wing, Auburn, 1876-7-8-9-80-1-2-3-4; Albert R. Savage, Auburn, 1885- 
6-7*8; Franklin M. Drew, Lewiston, 1889-90-1, term expires December 31, 1892. Registers of Probate.—' 
Stetson L. Hill, Webster, 1854-5-6; William P. Frye, Lewiston, 1857-8-9-60; George S. Woodman, 
Auburn, 1861-80; Nathan W. Harris, Auburn, 1881-88; Fred O. Watson, Auburn, 1889-90-1, term 
expires December 31, 1892. County Tivasurers. — James Goff, Auburn, 1854; Jesse Hayes, 1855-(i; 

A. H. Small, Lewiston, 1857-8; Philip A. Briggs, Auburn, 1859-60-1-2; I. G. Curtis, 1863-4-5; Joel S. 
Cobb, 1866; Joseph Littlefield, 1867; Alcander F. ISIerrill, 1868-82, Mr Merrill died in office and his son 
was appointed to serve out the term; J. F. Merrill, 1883-4; Daniel Lara, Auburn, 1885-6; Noel B. 
Potter, Lewiston, 1887-91, term expires December 31, 1892. County Commissioners. — 1854— S. H. Read, 
Lewiston; Job Chase, Livermore; Emery S. Warren, Durham. 1855 — Isaac S. Small, Wales; Job 
Chase; Benjamin Waterhouse, Poland. 1856 — Isaac S. Small, Job Chase; Samuel F. Waterman, 
Poland. 1857 — Job Chase, I. S. Small, S. F. Waterman. 1858-59 — 1. S. Small; Jonathan C. Merrill, 
Durham; Saml F. Waterman. 1860 — Jonathan C. Merrill; Rufus Prince, Turner; Augustus Sprague, 
Greene. 1861-2 — Rufus Prince, Augustus Sprague; William S. Cotton, Lisbon. 1863 — William S. 
Cotton, Rufus Prince; Robert Martin, Auburn. 1864 — Rufus Prince, Robert Martin; Jesse Davis, 
Lisbon. 1865-68 — Robert Martin, Jesse Davis; Lee Strickland, Livermore. 1869 — Jesse Davis; John 
Read, Lewiston; Lee Strickland. 1870— Lee Strickland, John Read; William D. Roak, Durham. 
1871-5 — John Read, William D. Roak; Davis F. Lothrop, Leeds. 1876— Davis F. Lothrop, John 
Read; Luther Perkins, Poland. 1877-8 — John Read, Luther Perkins; H. W. Briggs, Livermore. 
1879-80 — H. W. Briggs, John Read; J. W. Maxwell, Webster. 1881 — J. W. Maxwell, H. W. Briggs; 
O. D. Bailey, Auburn, 1882— H. W. Briggs, O. D. Bailey; Henry Turner, Turner. 1883-6 — O. D. 
Bailey, J. W. Maxwell; R. C. Boothby, East Livermore. 1887 — J. W. Maxwell, R. C. Boothby; W. 

B. Beals. Turner. 1888— R. C. Boothby, W. B. Beals, J. W. Maxwell. 1889-90-1 — W. B. Beals, R. 

C. Boothby; Seth Chandler, Lewiston. Registe7's of Deeds.— 3.11. Otis, Leeds, 1854-7; William F. 
Garcelon, Lewiston, 1857-68; Silas Sprague, Auburn, 1868-91, present term expires December 31, 1892. 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 307 



CHAPTER XV. 



THE COURTS AND BENCH AND BAR. 



The Courts — Supreme Judicial Court — Probate and Insolvent Courts — Court of County 
Commissioners — ^ Auburn Municipal Court — Lewiston Municipal Court — County Build- 
ings — The Little Family — Bench and Bar. 

THE COURTS. — When the county was organized, the present judicial 
system of a supreme judicial court, a court of county commissioners, and 
a court of probate and insolvency, had been in force for many years. 
Under this system, with the addition of the municipal courts of Lewiston and 
Auburn, the citizens of Androscoggin have lived and litigated. 

Supreme Judicial Court. — This court is composed of a chief justice and 
seven associates, who exercise, as a full bench, the powers of a law court, 
and one of whom holds trial terms at Auburn for this county on the third 
Tuesda3^s of January, April, and September. This is the court of general 
jurisdiction in matters civil, criminal, and equitable. It has by statute gen- 
eral supervision over inferior courts for the correction of errors and abuses, 
and appeals lie to it from the lower courts of the county. At the trial term 
the grand jury and two petit juries are in attendance. The first term in this 
county was opened in Auburn Hall, then an unfinished wooden building, and 
immediately adjourned to Jones's Hall, in Lewiston, where its terms were held 
until Auburn Hall was completed, which was used until the county buildings 
were built. 

Probate and Insolvent Courts. — The court of probate and insolvency is 
composed of a single judge and a register, both elected by the people of the 
county. This court has jurisdiction of all matters relating to the settlement of 
the estates of deceased persons, the appointment of guardians of children and 
insane persons, of the adoption of children, and in cases of insolvency. These 
courts were held in Engine Hall, on North Main street in Auburn, until the 
county buildings were completed. 

Court of County Conmiissioners. — The County Commissioners are the 
general fiscal agents of the county. Claims against the county must be 
allowed, and the accounts of county officers audited by them. \n their judicial 
capacity, they have jurisdiction in cases where roads and bridges are to be 
jointly built and maintained by two or more towns, and where a town 
unreasonably refuses to lay out public ways. They also have appellate 



308 History of Androscoggin County. 

jurisdiction in cases in which a party is aggrieved by a town in laying out a 
public way, or by the valuation of property for purposes of taxation, and have 
authority to award damages to an individual whose property is taken by a 
railroad company for the construction of tracks or buildings. 

Atihurn 3Iumcipal Court. — This court had its origin in the Auburn police 
court, established in 1869, and presided over by Nathaniel French from 1869 
to 1873, and by Thomas Howard from 1873 to its abolition in 1875, when 
the municipal court was created. Richard Dresser was the first judge, and has 
presided over the court since. The Legislature of 1891 increased its juris- 
diction, made it a court of record, and provided for the appointment of a clerk. 
Albert E. Verrill, of Auburn, was appointed clerk. 

Lewiston Municipal Court. — In 1859 a police court was created in Lewiston. 
John Smith was the judge, and held court in a building on Lisbon street, 
standing where does now the law-office of A. K. P. Knowlton. In 1871 a new 
court was established, and Enos T. Luce was appointed judge. Judge Luce 
held the office for about a year, when A. K. P. Knowlton was elected for a 
four years' term. In 1876 Adelbert D. Cornish was appointed. In 1872 the 
court moved into rooms in the City Building, where its terms were held until 
the building was burned, January 7, 1890. Since then it has been held in 
Tracy Block, on Lisbon street. 

By the act establishiug this county the erection of county buildings was 
delayed for one season until the people by ballot selected a shire-town and it 
was proclaimed by the governor. At the election held October 2, 1854, 
Auburn was chosen by a majority of 876 votes, and November 15, Governor 
Crosby proclaimed Auburn " the shire-town of the county, to all intents and 
purposes the same as if it had been designated in the act creating the county." 
In obedience to this proclamation, the board of county commissioners promptly 
removed the county offices from Lewiston to Auburn, providing the best 
accommodations attainable in the brick dwelling of Mrs Davis and in the 
wooden engine-house. There was, however, no building of suitable size 
within the legal limits of Auburn for the holding of sessions of the supreme 
court, and Judge Rice was compelled in January, 1855, to adjourn his court to 
Lewiston. By April, Auburn Hall was in readiness to be used for this purpose, 
and from that time courts have been regularly held in Auburn. Quite a 
difficulty was experienced in securing a location for county buildings, but the 
present site of nearly one acre was purchased November 1, 1855, for |1,800. 
The contract for building was let to Hon. Albert Currier, of Newburyport, 
Mass., for $69,753. Work was begun April 14, 1856, and the structure was to 
be completed January 1, 1857. Unforeseen delays prevented this, but the 
offices for county officials were occupied as fast as they were ready, and during 
the summer of 1857 the whole work was completed. The buildings are 
convenient, artistic, and centrally located. They give a pleasing effect to the 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 309 

locality of Turner and Court streets where they are situated, and are truly 
ornamental in appearance. The three buildings are connected, arranged to 
form three sides of a hollow square, and are fire-proof. The exterior walls are 
brick with a granite basement. The south building on Court street is 97x54 
feet in size, and two finished stories in height, exclusive of the cellar. The 
first story is occupied by county offices; the second by a court-room (55x50 
feet), jury rooms, etc. The roof is slated, hipped to meet a "flat" in the 
center, and is surmounted by a cupola or dome light. The north building 
measures 96x85 feet and contains the jail and jailor's residence. The third 
building connects the others, measures (15 x 25 feet, and is one story high. 

The Little Family.^ — The searcher of land titles in Androscoggin 
county finds no family name of more frequent occurrence among the early 
grantors than that of Little. In fact, Colonel Moses Little, of Newbury, Mass., 
the first to interest himself in the region, at one time in his life must have held 
fee simple of the major part of eight of these thirteen towns. He was a shrewd 
old soldier of indomitable energ}'^ and natural abilities of no mean order. He 
served with much credit in the French and Indian War, and for several years 
afterward was surveyor of the King's woods, a position which gave him 
excellent facilities for becoming acquainted with the value of wild lands. 
The war of the Revolution found him over fifty years of age, but as active and 
earnest in the defense of his country's liberties as the youngest. Upon the 
first tidings of the encounter at Lexington, he marched with his company to 
the American headquarters at Cambridge. Tradition says the news reached 
Turkey Hill at midnight, and by six the next morning he was on the road at the 
head of his men. At the battle of Bunker Hill he was reported as having 
behaved with much spirit. Though not wounded, he had several narrow 
escapes. Men on each side of him were killed, and his clothes were 
bespattered with blood. Forty of his regiment were killed or wounded. He 
remained with his command at Cambridge, leaving it only two days when 
called home in August to attend the funeral of two of his children. He was 
the officer of the day when Washington took command of the army, and 
afterwards became personally acquainted with his commander-in-chief, who 
held him in high esteem. It is said that on one occasion, when several officers 
were complaining bitterly of the character of the provisions, Washington 
suggested that they confer with Colonel Moses Little, who liad not found time 
to allude to hardships of this sort. He went with the army to New York after 
the evacuation of Boston, and was present at the disastrous battle of Long 
Island. He held command of Fort Greene, near the center of the American 
line, before the engagement, and during it was stationed at the Flatbush Pass. 
He also took part in the battle of Harlem Heights, but did not accompany his 
men in the retreat through New Jersey, being detained by sickness at Feekskill. 

1 By Professor George T. Little. 



310 History of Andeoscoggin County. 



Durino- the winter he was in command of an important encampment at the 
latter place, but in the spring of 1777 was forced to return home on account of 
ill health. Two years later he declined for the same reason the commission 
of brigadier-general and the command of an expedition raised by the Common- 
wealth of Massachusetts to dislodge the enemy from their position on the 
Penobscot. After his return to Newbury he was pressed into the civil service, 
and represented his native town in the legislature for several years, as he had 
done before the war. In 1781 he lost, to a large extent, his power of speech by 
a stroke of paralysis. He lived, however, several years, dying 27 May, 1798. 

The greater part of Colonel Moses Little's land in Maine went by inherit- 
ance to his eldest son, Colonel Josiah Little, who became a leading proprietor 
of the Pejepscot Company. Like his father he was a man of great energy 
and executive ability. Every year till he was past 80 he used to visit his 
lands in Maine, driving over the rough roads alone even after he had lost one 
hand by a premature explosion while superintending the blasting of a passage 
through the rapids on the Androscoggin below Lewiston. As the claims of 
the Pejepscot Company, only established after prolonged litigation, were not 
always acknowledged, he was often brought into unpleasant relations with the 
squatters, who were then numerous in Maine. Several of his adventures are 
handed down, laughable enough were it not that his life was frequently 
endangered. He was an earl}' and efficient friend of Bowdoin College, as his 
father before him had been of Dartmouth. His death, which took place 26 
December, 1830, was the result of an accident by which his thigh was broken. 
In character he was a genuine son of the Puritans. Honest towards God and 
man, he expected the same of others. Though his indomitable will and a 
certain brusqueness of manner may at times have concealed the fact, he was 
possessed of a warm, generous heart. In 1826 Edward Little, the second son 
of Josiah Little, moved to Danville and took personal charge of his father's 
property. For the next twenty years no man exercised an equal or a more 
beneficent influence than he upon the growing community, now the cities of 
Lewiston and Auburn. Mr Little had been educated at Phillips Exeter 
Academy and graduated at Dartmouth in 1797. He had studied law with 
Chief Justice Parsons and had practiced his profession with marked success 
for several years in his native town of Newburyport, Mass., serving repeatedly 
as delegate to the General Court, and as prosecuting attorney for the county. 
For a number of years he was publisher of the law reports of the common- 
wealth, and gradually abandoned his profession and engaged in publishing and 
selling books. In business he met with reverses, both at Newburyport, where 
he lost nearly all his property in the great fire of 1811, and subsequently at 
Portland where he experienced a similar misfortune. When he took up his 
residence at Lewiston Falls, fifty years of life had taught him the value of moral 
and intellectual, as well as of material prosperity to any community, while 




^^"^-^^-^^r^^^ 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 311 

they had not diminished in the slightest the energy and activity characteristic 
of youth with which he was ready to undertake any new enterprise. He also 
felt the personal responsibility resting upon him as owner of much of the 
neighboring soil. He took special pains in finding mechanics and artisans of 
good character and encouraging them to settle in the village. He started one 
of the first carpet mills in the state. He was prominent in building and 
maintaining the bridge across the Androscoggin. 

He was interested in every endeavor to improve the magnificent water- 
power of which he was the owner, and when the necessity of outside capital 
for its complete development became manifest, he pursued a policy as generous 
as it was far-sighted, selling at what many would have considered a nominal 
price, and receiving a large part of this in the stock of the new corporation. 
To the interest he felt in education, ample testimony is given by his establish- 
ing and endowing Lewiston Falls Academy. He was a pioneer in the temper- 
ance reform, held radical views on the subject, and was not slow to express his 
displeasure with those who persisted in the use and sale of intoxicating liquors 
in the face of the resulting evils. All his moral earnestness did not, however, 
keep him from appreciating or occasionally from playing a joke. On one 
occasion the violent ringing of the academy bell in the early dusk had called 
forth him and many others, each equipped with leather fire-bucket to extinguish 
the conflagration presumably raging somewhere in or about the village. No 
one knew or could learn where it was. The bell continuing to ring with 
undiminished vigor, Mr Little, with the promptness that distinguished him, 
hastened to interview the ringer. This proved to be a native of the place 
decidedly under the influence of Medford rum. In reply to the question 
" Where is the fire ? " he could only mumble, " Fire ! Fire ! Guess it's here." 
" Well," said the Squire, " let's put it out." And half-a-dozen buckets of cold 
water were promptly administered with decidedly good effect. In early life 
Mr Little's religious views were inclined toward the Unitarian wing of the 
Congregational churches, but under the preaching of Rev. Dr Edward Payson, 
of Portland, his religious convictions were greatly deepened and his opinions 
became in a most pronounced degree evangelical. He gave the land for the 
first church in the village, met nearly one-half the cost of its erection, and for 
some time supported public services practically at his own expense. Others 
were expected to contribute as they felt able, the balance being supplied by 
him. During the long life of 76 years, which closed on earth 21 September, 
1849, he fulfilled to the letter the scripture motto aptly chosen as the text of 
his funeral sermon, " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do with thy might." 
No mention of Mr Little's life would be complete without allusion to his three 
sons and to his two daughters, who, with their husbands, became residents in 
the village, were active in the same lines of work as their father, and have all, 
save the youngest, passed to their reward. The eldest son, Deacon Thomas 



312 History of Androscoggin County. 

B. Little, who survived his father only a few years, was particularly prominent 
in business activities, engaged in trade and manufacturing, and was interested 
in the purchase and sale of wild lands. He was elected county commissioner 
of Cumberland county in 1838, 1811, and 1853. Of his large family only a 
son and a daughter are now living, the son, Henry, well known as postmaster 
at Auburn for many years. The second son,^ Deacon Josiah Little, was a suc- 
cessful lawyer at Minot and at Auburn, and afterwards engaged in trade and 
manufacturing. He was resident for a shorter period than the others, but left 
as a silent witness of his stay here the noble elms that stand in front of the Elm 
House, Auburn, the site of his former home. Of his ten children only one, 
ex-Mayor Little, of Lewiston, is now resident in this county. The youngest 
son, Edward T. Little, was a lawyer, and for many years judge of probate for 
the county. His widow and two grandchildren are residents of Auburn. The 
eldest daughter, Hannah, married Samuel Pickard, and with her husband is 
held in grateful memory by many of the generation now passing off the stage 
of active life. Of their large family one son, John Pickard, a shoe manufact- 
urer, occupies the homestead and maintains its traditions in both church and 
business circles. Mr Little's youngest daughter, Sarah, wife of Charles Clark, 
for many years United States marshal, survives at an advanced age, and with 
mental powers unimpaired is keenly alive to the interests of the present, as she 
has been to those of the past generation. By Mr Little's second marriage he 
came to stand in the place of father to several other residents of Danville, of 
whom one only, Mrs Harriet Chase Reynolds, the wife of Major Reynolds, is 
now living. 

Bench and Bar.^ — In the history of Androscoggin county the bench and 
bar deserve a prominent place. Not only on account of the ability and learning 
for which it has been fairly and justly noted, but also for the integrity and 
honorable practice in the courts for which it has always been distinguished. 
At the time of the incorporation of the county, the members of the legal 
profession resident within its limits had, prior to that time, practiced their 
profession in the four counties out of which the towns forming this county had 
been taken. Coming together with somewhat different methods in the minor 
details of business, they, from the beginning, manifested a profound respect 
for the dignity of the court, and adopted and have, from that time forth, suc- 
cessfully maintained a high standard of practice, not only by the most respectful 
conduct towards the presiding judges, but also by honorable intercourse with 
each other, and faithfulness to the interests of their clients, striving in an 
eminent degree to accomplish the ends of justice in every cause, without 
unnecessary and prolonged litigation. Some of its members attained high 
positions in the courts of the state and in the councils of the state and nation, 
while others have obtained a well deserved reputation for their intellectual 

^By Hon. Nahum Morrill. 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 313 

abilities and accomplishments as counselors and advocates. The influence 
of the Androscoggin Bar Association, by its honest, wise, and generous profes- 
sional conduct and high character, has promoted the pure and uncorrupted 
administration of the laws, the protection of the rights and property of the 
people, and a high standard of morals among the inhabitants of the county. 
Many of its early members have passed beyond the bounds of time. They 
have run their course, and "after life's fitful fever, sleep well." 

Several gentlemen, educated for the bar, were residents within the limits 
of the county in the first quarter of the present century, and for a few years 
practiced their profession, but very early abandoned it for other pursuits, or 
moved to other parts of the state. Among them was Edward Little, son of 
Josiah Little, of Newbury, Mass., the proprietor of the Pejepscot purchase. 
In early life he practiced in Newburyport, Mass., and was at one time county 
attorney of Essex county, but after coming to Maine he was principally engaged 
in prosecuting other business, and, after becoming a resident of Danville, the 
care of his father's and his own estates entirely engrossed his attention. He 
was chief justice of the Court of Sessions in Cumberland county from 1826 
to 1828. Few men in any community have exerted a wider beneficial influence. 
He was a man of deep and abiding religious convictions, and had the courage 
to defend his views upon religious subjects upon all occasions. He contributed 
more than anv other man to the formation and maintenance of the Concrres^a- 
tional church and society at Lewiston Falls, both by personal influence and 
money. He was the means of founding and endowing Lewiston Falls Academy, 
now known as the Edward Little Listitute, and is the high school of Auburn. 
His statue adorns the school grounds and park. He ardently espoused the 
cause of temperance from the inception of the crusade against the use of 
alcoholic liquors as a beverage, neither using them himself or countenancing the 
use by others. Every worthy young man who became a resident of the town, 
engaging in laudable and legitimate pursuits, always found a friend in Mr 
Little. His memory will ever be cherished for his disinterested benevolence, 
public spirited efforts in behalf of the town and community in which he lived, 
and as a benefactor of his race. 

Josiah Little, second son of Edward and Hannah (Brown) Little, was 
born in Newburyport, Mass., April 29, 1801, and was seventh in descent 
from his English ancestor, George Little, the line being i George, 2 Moses, 
3 Moses, 4 Moses, 5 Josiah, e Edward, 7 Josiah. He was educated at Bowdoin 
College, studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1822. 
He practiced his profession in Minot and later in Auburn, where he built the 
Elm House and occupied it as his residence until about 1838. During this 
period he was interested in and gave much of his time to the business of the 
Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Company, of which he was clerk and director, 
and a heavy stockholder. He was a director of Auburn Bank and of the 



314 History of Androscoggin County. 

Maine Central Railroad, and was agent of the Lewiston Water-Power Company 
when its property and privileges were purchased by the Franklin Company. 
From the Elm House Mr Little moved to the Thompson farm, and later 
purchased and occupied the house where Mayor Savage now lives. In 1841 
he disposed of his interests in Lewiston and Auburn, and after a few years' 
residence in Winthrop, where he had purchased an interest in a mill, engaged 
in the iron and steel business in Portland as member of the firm of Storer & 
Little, and later Stevens & Little. After he retired from active business his 
life was passed in leisure at Auburn, Portland, and Newburyport. He died 
August 9, 18G5. Josiah Little married first, September 2, 1822, Mary H. 
Cummings, of Norway, Me; second, March 30, 1830, Nancy W. Bradford; 
third. May 26, 1835, Sally Brooks, a daughter of Thomas Brooks from 
Scituate, Mass., and Mehitable (Raymond) Brooks, of Lyman, Me, a cousin 
of the preceding, and fourth. May 25, 1850, Charlotte Ann Brooks, a sister of 
Sally, who survives him. His children were: Elizabeth M. T., Edward, 
Francis B., Mary C, Josiah, Nancy B., Horace C, and George. Horace 
Chapin Little was born in Auburn, January 14, 1840, and married, November 
1, 1860, Rosa J., daughter of Jacob H. and Ellen (Blake) Roak of Auburn. 
Their children are Nellie R. (Mrs Prof. Charles H. Clark), Nancy B. (Mrs Dr 
Sherman G. Bonney), Jacob R., Lottie B., Rose, Lucy. He served in the late 
war, and was elected captain of Company B, Twenty-third Maine. He has 
been engaged in manufacturing and insurance business, has been postmaster at 
Lewiston, and mayor in 1888 and 1889. He is prominent in Masonic circles, 
possesses many of the traits of his father, and stands high in public esteem. 

Josiah Little was a business man of sound judgment and untiring energy, 
prompt and accurate in all his dealings, judicious, enterprising, and successful in 
the execution of his far-sighted plans. He believed it the duty of every citizen 
to make the community better for his having lived in in. He was an ardent 
advocate of morality and progress, deacon of the Congregational church, an 
earnest supporter of Christian institutions and ordinances, and liberal in his 
contributions for worthy objects ; his giving at one time one thousand dollars 
for the laboratory of the Lewiston Falls Acadamy (of which he was one of 
the trustees) is an evidence of this. His pleasant and winning manner, his 
frank and honest countenance, and his rare conversational powers, stamped 
him as a gentleman by nature as well as by refinement and culture, and made 
the stranger instinctively his friend. In every position in which he was 
placed in business life, as well as in the deeper and holier relations of the 
home circle as husband and father, he exemplified the highest virtues of a 
Christian character. His rare qualities of mind and heart made him loved 
by all who knew him, and respected by many who were acquainted with him 
only by his deeds of benevolence, and the lapse of years has not weakened the 
affectionate remembrance in which he is held. 




<^<^W^^^ /i/fJiMc: 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 315 

Edward Tappan Little, son of Edward Little, was born in Newbury- 
port, Mass., December 29, 1809. He came to Danville (now Auburn) with 
his father's family and there resided the remainder of his life. His academical 
education was acquired at the Portland Academy, then under the charge of 
that noted master, Bazaleel Cushman, and at the Gardiner Lyceum under Rev. 
Benjamin Hale, D.D. He studied law with his father and was admitted to the 
Cumberland Bar in 1833. He was a trustee of Lewiston Falls Academy (now 
the Edward Little Institute) and contributed liberally to its endowment. He 
held the otifice of selectman in Danville in 1817, 1848, and 1854; was also 
town agent, and a member of the superintending school committee; was a 
representative to the state legislature from Danville in 1847 and 1855, and 
from Auburn in 1864 and 1866. He was one of the directors of the Maine 
Central Bailroad Company, and was also clerk of that company. He was 
judge of probate for Androscoggin county from June, 1859, to January, 1864. 
Judge Little was a sound lawyer and safe counselor, held in high esteem by 
the judges of our courts and members of the profession, as well as by his fellow- 
townsmen. He was a public-spirited citizen and used his influence to promote 
every enterprise that would benefit his town. He maintained through life a 
high character for integrity and honesty. No man ever justly charged him 
with dishonorable conduct, and few men have passed through life more 
generally and highl}' respected by all who knew them. He was twice married. 
His first wife was Miss Melinda Adams, daughter of Rev. Weston B. Adams, of 
Lewiston Falls. Their son, Edward Adams Little, born May 15, 1841, was a 
merchant and manufacturer, a director of the First National Bank, a trustee of 
Auburn Savings Bank, and served as councilman of Auburn. He died April 
14, 1876. He married Susan M. Jordan. Their children are Edwin T. (a 
lawyer of Denver, Col.), Horace (a manufacturer in Auburn), and Mabel. 
His second wife was Miss Lucy Bliss, daughter of Zeba Bliss, Esq., of 
Taunton, Mass. (afterward of Auburn), who, with one son. Prof. Geo. T. Little, 
of Bowdoin College, survive him. He died at Auburn, November 5, 1867. 

Hon. Reuel Washburn was born in Raynham, Mass., May 21, 1793. He 
graduated at Brown University in 1814. After graduating, he read law with 
Judge Parris three years and upon his admission to the bar established himself 
in business at Livermore, wliere he continued to reside until his death. He 
married Miss Delia King of Raynham, Mass., October 19, 1820, who survived 
him nine years. Soon after becoming a resident of Livermore he joined the 
Oriental Star Lodge of F. and A. Masons, of which lodge he was Master, and 
was also a Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, and faithfully observed 
his obligations under all circumstances, especially during the dark days of 
Masonry, when public prejudice ran high against the order. The town of his 
adoption, early recognizing his ability, bestowed upon him municipal ofiices, 
and committed to him, in a large measure, the direction and supervision of 



316 History of Androscoggin County. 



its financial affairs. He faithfully and economically discharged the trust. 
Recognizing the importance of educating the youth of the land, he fostered the 
common schools. Deeply imbued with the sentiments of religion, he always 
supported public religious worship according to the Universalist faith, not 
only by liberal contributions of money, but, what was of equal importance, 
by constant attendance thereon, and exemplified the purity and value of 
the religion he professed by a correct life. He was register of probate for 
Oxford county from 1821 to 1823, was state senator from Oxford county in 
1827 and 1828, and a member of the executive council in 1829. He repre- 
sented Livermore in the state legislature in the years 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, 
and 1843. He was general assignee under the bankrupt law of 1841, and 
judge of probate for Androscoggin county from 1857 to 1859, and president of 
the Androscoggin Bar Association from its organization until his death. 

It was as a lawyer, as well as a public officer, that the strict integrity of his 
character appeared. He was a prudent and safe counselor. He deeply 
interested himself in his clients' welfare and faithfully advocated and protected 
their interests by every honorable means. He was most happy in his family 
relations, prizing above all things the pursuits and pleasures of the family 
circle. When death claimed him, he was in attendance upon the annual 
town meeting, March 4, 1878. He had just concluded an address to the 
assembly upon a matter of importance to the town, when, upon resuming his 
seat, he yielded up his life. He was faithful to every trust confided to him, 
whether as a citizen, lawyer, or judge. 

Samuel Moody was born in York, May 12, 1799. He was graduated 
from Harvard College in 1823, studied law in Fryeburg, in the offices of 
Stephen Chase and Judge Dana. He married Eliza Chamberlain in 1827, and 
soon after marriage opened his office in Lisbon, where he resided the remainder 
of his life. He was appointed postmaster in 1832, and held the office three 
years. He was county attorney for Lincoln county, which office he resigned 
in 1838. He was a proficient lawyer and advocate. He secured an extensive 
business while he devoted himself to his profession. During the latter part of 
his life he engaged in lumbering, agriculture, and other occupations, more than 
in his profession. He died November 28, 1874, leaving no children. 

Hon. Seth May was born in Winthrop, July 2, 1802. He received his 
education in the common schools of Winthrop, and at Monmouth, Litchfield, 
and Hallowell academies. In boyhood he evinced considerable aptitude for 
learning. He possessed an active and inquiring mind which led him in early 
life to form the habit of thorough investigation. The logical element of mind 
predominated. With a ready command of language and the power of discrim- 
ination he was forcible in arguments, quick to perceive the fallacy or sophistry 
of his opponent, and efficient in exposing and refuting it. In 1828 he entered 
the office of Dudley Todd, Esq., in Wayne, where he studied nearly three 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 317 

years. He was admitted to practice in the courts of Maine in 1831, and 
subsequently admitted to practice in the courts of the United States. He 
commenced practice in Winthrop, and continued until 1855. He rose rapidly 
in his profession, and his practice extended throughout the state. He was 
especially successful as an advocate, and possessed great skill in the examina- 
tion of witnesses, particularly in cross-examination, for which he became quite 
noted. As a lawyer it was his particular forte to expose the tissue of false- 
hood and the coloring of interest and prejudice, which so often accompany the 
testimony of witnesses in court. In May, 1855, he was appointed associate 
justice of the Supreme Judicial Court, which he accepted, and discharged its 
duties ably, impartially, and acceptably to the public to the end of his term in 
May, 1862. He returned to the practice of law, and in 1863 moved his 
residence to Auburn, and opened an office in Lewiston with his son, John W. 
May, under the firm name of S. & J. W. May. He was appointed register in 
bankruptcy for the second congressional district of Maine in 1867, at the time 
the national bankrupt law of that year went into operation, which office he 
resigned in February, 1873, and was succeeded by his son. In his professional 
life he was associated with and on terms of intimate personal friendship with 
many prominent lawyers of the Kennebec bar and other parts of the state. 

As a citizen, Judge May occupied a prominent place. He was liberal, 
public spirited, a friend to his country and humanity. He was early identified 
with the anti-slavery movement, one of the pioneers who did not hesitate to 
speak and act for that cause and its advancement at a time when it required 
great resolution and strong convictions of duty to encounter the opposition 
with which it was at first received. He co-operated with many of the first 
advocates in Maine of that great national reform, among whom were Professor 
Smith, of Bowdoin College, Rev. David Thurston, of Winthrop, and Gen. 
Samuel Fessenden, of Portland. Notwithstanding its unpopularity, he always 
esteemed it a privilege and a pleasure to associate with and entertain the 
courageous men wlio persevered in the hard work of the early years of the 
cause. He died at Auburn, September 20, 1881. 

Jabez Cushman Woodman, born January 23, 1804, in New Gloucester, 
graduated from Bowdoin in 1822, soon began practice at Poland Corner and 
moved to Minot Corner before 1834, and subsequently was a resident of 
Portland. He was a good counselor. He died November 8, 1869. 

Horatio Gates Cilley was a son of Hon. Horatio G. Cilley, of Deerfield, 
N. H., from which place he came to Lewiston. He was born November 26, 
1805. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1826, and studied law 
under the direction of Hon. George Sullivan, commencing his professional life 
in Deerfield in 1830. He was a lawyer of respectable learning, a courteous 
gentleman, and was a representative of Deerfield in 1851 and 1852. After 
becoming a resident of Lewiston he did not acquire a very extensive business 



318 History of Androscoggin County. 



in the practice of law. Having sufficient property for his maintenance, he, 
after a few years, relinquished practice. He died March 13, 1874. 

Timothy Ludden, son of Captain Levi Ludden, was born in Hartford in 
1807. He was educated in common schools, and at Farmington Academy, 
under the preceptorship of Nathaniel Greene, A.M. He was engaged in trade 
for a short time in Peru, and for several years was a town officer in Peru. 
Having a predilection for the legal profession, he read law in the office of Hon. 
Charles Andrews, then of Turner, and was admitted to the bar in Oxford 
county at the June term, 1841, of the Western District Court, and immediately 
opened an office in Turner, where he continued until 1858, when he moved to 
Lewiston and practiced until his decease. He was appointed judge of probate 
for Oxford county in 1852 and held the office until 1856. He was reporter of 
the decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1857 and 1858, comprised in 
volumes XLiir. and xliv. of the Maine Reports. He married first, in 1831, 
Bethia Fobes, of Peru; second, in 1837, Miss Sara Conant, of Sumner. He 
died in Lewiston in March, 1859. Judge Ludden was a man of studious 
habits, a good lawyer, and an advocate of more than common ability. He 
could point with pride to his ancestry. His grandfather, Joseph Ludden, was 
one of the Boston Tea Party, and his mother, whose maiden name was 
Remember Soule, was a descendant of George Soule, one of the Pilgrim band 
that came over in the Mayflower and landed on Plymouth Rock. 

Hon. David Dunn was born in Cornish, January 17, 1811, studied law 
with Gov. John Fairfield in Saco, and was admitted to the bar at Alfred in 
1833. In 1834 he commenced the practice of law in Poland, where he has since 
resided, doing an extensive business as a lawyer, and actively participating in 
the affairs of the town, holding for many years town offices, viz.: one of the 
selectmen, clerk, treasurer, and one of the superintending school committee. A 
life-long Democrat, he was a representative from Poland in the state legislature 
in 1841, 1842, 1843, and 1844. He was speaker of the house of represen- 
tatives in 1843 and 1844. In 1843 Gov. J. M. Fairfield was chosen U. S. 
Senator, and was succeeded as governor by Hon. Edward Kavenagh, of 
Newcastle, then president of the state senate. In December, 1843, Governor 
Kavenagh's health failed him. He resigned the office of governor and died. 
Mr Dunn, then speaker of the house of representatives, succeeded him and 
held the office of governor in the last day of 1843 and the first day of 1844. 
He qualified the members of the legislature of 1844. Three of its members, 
John W. Dana, Abner Coburn, and Anson P. Morrill, who then took the oath 
of office before him, were afterward governors of the state. He was treas- 
urer of Cumberland county in 1854, state senator from Cumberland county 
in 1845 and 184(5, and president of the senate in 1846. In 1857 he was 
appointed a clerk in the Post-Office Department at Washington, holding that 
position until 1861. Mr Dunn is a ready speaker and advocate, genial and 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 319 

pleasant in his intercourse with his associates — a man of "infinite jest." He 
is the oldest member of the county bar at the present time, and active in the 
duties of his profession. 

George W. Chase was born in Bridgton, May 18, 1815. When he was 
six months old his father moved to Portland, and died there. He resided in 
Portland nntil he was 16 years old, when his mother married the late Hon. 
Edward Little. He then came to reside in Danville, now Aubnrn. He was 
educated at Portland, Belgrade, and Fryeburg academies and Bowdoin College, 
and studied law with Mr Little. In 1838 he went to Dixon, 111., and was there 
admitted to the bar. He married Miss Jennete Clark at St Louis, Mo., Sep- 
tember 30, 1841, after which he moved to Baton Rouge, La, and there taught 
school three years. From there he returned to Danville, and entered upon the 
practice of his profession. In 1850 he represented the district composed of 
Danville and New Gloucester in the legislature of Maine. In 1852 he founded 
and edited the Democratic Advocate (see History of the Press). He was an 
eloquent advocate, a terse and vigorous writer, and was highly esteemed by 
all his associates. He died July 17, 1853. 

John Goodenow, son of Hon. Rufus Goodenow, was born in Paris, Feb- 
ruary, 1817. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1836. 
He then studied law with his father and was admitted to the bar in Oxford 
county at the November term, 1838, of the Court of Common Pleas. He 
commenced practice at Hiram. Afterwards he had an office at South Paris, 
and subsequently at Auburn. He had a position for some time in the Custom 
House in New York City. In later years he has resided in Baltimore, Md. 
He married Miss Sarah Appleton, daughter of General James Appleton, of 
Portland. 

Calvin Record was born in Minot, now Auburn, February 27, 1819. 
His academical education was acquired at the Lewiston Falls Academy and 
the Maine Wesley an Seminary. He pursued his legal studies with James O. 
L. Foster, Esq., of Lewiston ; was admitted to the Cumberland County Bar iu 
April, 1849. He began business in Lewiston and continued practice there and 
in Auburn until 1889, when he went to Jersey City, N. J., where he is now 
established as a lawyer. His residence while in Maine was in Auburn and 
Danville. He was connected in business in Auburn and Lewiston with Judges 
Walton and Luce from January 6, 1856 to 1861, and with L. H. Hutchin- 
sou, Esq., from July 1, 1871, to March, 1875. He was one of the superin- 
tending school committee in Auburn in 1848, and of Danville in 1852 and 
1853 ; one of the selectmen of Danville in 1854 and 1855, and represented the 
Danville and Minot district in the state legislature in 1856. 

Mr Record has always affiliated with the Democratic party. He was a 
delegate to the convention held at Charleston, S. C, in April, 1860, and 
at the adjourned convention held at Baltimore in June following, and was 



320 History of Andeoscoggin County. 



also a delegate to the first convention after the war, held in Philadelphia in 
August, 1866, when all the states were represented. He devoted a great deal of 
time and services in the establishment of Androscoggin county, and assisted 
in drawing the bill establishing the county which was passed by the legislature 
of 1854. As a lawyer Mr Record is thorough and careful in the preparation 
of his causes, and an able advocate. He is esteemed by his brethren at the 
bar, and all others, for his kindly disposition and agreeable social qualities. 

Hon. C. W. Walton, who has attained such high reputation on the bench, 
was admitted to the bar in 1843. Elected county attorney for the county of 
Androscoggin in 1857, was representative to Congress in the second congres- 
sional district in 1860, appointed judge of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1862, 
and re-appointed in 1869. He was for some years a resident of Auburn. 

Judge Nahum Morkill, son of Colonel John A. Morrill, was born at 
Limerick, Me, October 3, 1819. He was educated at Limerick Academy, 
Kimball Union Academy, Meriden Village, N. H., and one year in Dartmouth 
College. He studied law with his uncle, Hon. Moses McDonald, of Limerick, 
Samuel Bradley, Esq., of Mollis, Me, and a few months with Hon. John 
McDonald, of Bangor, and Charles P. Chandler, Esq., of Foxcroft, Me. He 
was admitted to the bar in Piscataquis county, at the District Court for the 
Eastern District, held at Dover, Me, on the fourth Tuesday of March, 1842. 
A few months thereafter he commenced practice in Wells, Me, where he 
remained about two years, and then moved to Durham. Ilemaining there 
about two years, he came to Lewiston Falls, now Auburn, August 26, 1846, 
and since that date has been a resident of Danville and Auburn. He was 
appointed judge of probate March 29, 1854, by Governor William G. Crosby, 
and held that office until it was made elective, when he declined to be a 
candidate. He was, without solicitation on his part, appointed provost 
marshal of the second district of Maine, September 27, 1864, and held that 
office until the close of the war of the llebellion, receiving an honorable 
discharge October 31, 1865. He was admitted to practice in Circuit Court of 
the United States at Portland, July 1, 1868. While residing in Durham he 
was one of the superintending school committee one year, and held the same 
office one year in Danville. He is president of the board of trustees of the 
Edward Little Institute, also president of the Androscoggin Bar Association, 
both of which offices he has held several years last past. He has been several 
times appointed by the Supreme Judicial Court, auditor, referee, and special 
master in chancery to hear and determine actions of considerable importance, 
and requiring careful investigation. He is a member of the law firm of N. & 
J. A. Morrill. He was married, April 30, 1851, to Miss Anna I. Littlefield, 
daughter of Walter Littlefield, Esq., of Wells, Me. 

Major Josiah Dunn Pulsifer was born near Worthley brook in Poland, 
May 13, 1820. His father, Moses R. Pulsifer, was a physician of ability, and 




^^^^^>^ ^/^cr>^^/^ 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 321 

his mother, Mary Strout (Dunn) Pulsifer, was a daughter of Hon. Josiah 
Dunn, a man of prominence. In 1823 Dr Pulsifer removed to the island of 
Mt Desert, where Josiah attended the town schools until at 14 years he 
became a student at Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, where he 
was fitted for college and took part of the first year's college course. He 
entered Waterville College in 1<S3!>, but did not remain. From this time for 
some years his principal business was teaching. (His first school was taught 
at Mechanic Falls, when he was 15.) In 1810, 1841, and 1842 he was prin- 
cipal of the high school at Minot Corner. During these years he had been 
studying law with Jabez C. Woodman, of Minot, James O'Donnell, of Cray, 
and Codman & Fox, of Portland. He was admitted to the bar of the state at 
Portland in May, 1843, and at once began practice at Somesville in Hancock 
county. Legal business being neither extensive nor highly remunerative, Mr 
Pulsifer taught the graded school at Ellsworth, the next winter, and after- 
wards attended Harvard law school, and then located as an attorney in 
Columbia, Maine, where he remained until 1849, the last four years being 
postmaster. During this time he became interested in Pitman's system of 
phonograi)hy, and devoted all of his spare time to the practice of this art, in 
which he became skilled. In the fall of 1849 he joined a company of 40 (of 
which he was a director) that purchased a bark of 250 tons, a river steamboat, 
a cargo of lumber, two years' provisions, etc. They took the steamer apart, 
loaded it in the bark, and went to California, arriving there in June, 1850. 
Selling out, the company separated, Mr Pulsifer going to the mines, where he 
dug gold one year, and came back to Maine. Soon after, he engaged in trade 
at Minot Corner for three yeai's, and was postmaster, selectman, etc. In 1854 
he was elected clerk of the courts of the new county of Androscoggin. His 
term was for three years from January 1, 1855. He was twice re-elected. In 
February, 1864, he was appointed paymaster in the U. S. service with the rank 
of major, and was in active duty until mustered out in 1865. 

The value of stenographic reporting in the courts of Maine had impressed 
itself on the leading jurists, and Major Pulsifer was invited by Judge Walton 
to pass the winter of 1866-7- at Augusta and aid in procuring the passage 
of an act authoi'izing the employment of stenographic reporters by the 
courts. This act was passed in the spring of 1867, and Major Pulsifer was 
appointed court stenographer and for a year was the only one employed. 
From the first he has been continuously engaged in reporting court proceed- 
ings in every county and under nearly every judge in Maine, and was reporter 
of decisions for four years. He was official reporter of the state senate in 
1867 and of the house in 1868. January 1, 1855, Mr Pulsifer removed to 
Auburn, where he now resides. He married May 24, 1848, Helen A., daughter 
of Willard H. Woodbury, of Minot. They have five children: Abbie, Pitman, 
Woodbury, Cornelia, and Harriet. Major Pulsifer li.as been interested in 



322 History of Androscoggin County. 



education, and has served with ability on the school boards of Columbia, 
Minot, and Auburn. He has given his children educational advantages ; they 
are thoroughly conversant with stenography, and all have reported for the 
courts. Pitman and Woodbury are at this writing clerks of important 
committees of the U. S. Senate. Abbie is reporting for the courts, and Cornelia 
is stenographer for the Ara Cushman Company. The children have all fol- 
lowed their father's profession with marked ability. Major Pulsifer is the 
father of stenography in Maine, one of its earliest teachers in New England, 
and as an instructor is unrivaled. 

Richard Dresser was born in Cape Elizabeth, Me. The family came 
to that place from Gloucester, Mass. His paternal grandfather with his two 
brothers participated in the battle of Bunker Hill and other engagements of 
the Revolution. From his tenth year Mr Dresser resided in Danville for four 
years, then in Pownal until 1854, when he made his home in Auburn. His 
education was obtained in the common schools. When 19 years old he began 
teaching and taught twelve successive winters. He was a carpenter until 
1850. After that time he carried on the daguerreotyping and photographing 
business about 14 years. While engaged in this he gave his leisure time to 
reading law, and was admitted to the bar at Auburn in May, 1868. During 
his residence in Pownal he was one of the superintending school committee 
several years, and served one term as selectman. From 1850 to 1854 he was 
county commissioner of Cumberland county. He was at various times 
lieutenant, captain, and major in the militia. He has held the offices of town 
clerk and treasurer of Auburn seven years, and assessor four years. In 1875 
he was appointed judge of Auburn Municipal Court, in which office he still 
continues, discharging its duties conscientiously and to the satisfaction of the 
community. In 1847 Judge Dresser married Mary A. Hammond, of New 
Gloucester. They have had two children. 

Ai>EL BoYNTON was a practicing lawyer at Little River, now Lisbon Falls, 
for some years in the early settlement of the town. After him came one 
Stowell who remained but a short time, and was succeeded by one Alden who 
made but a short sojourn. 

Samuel Gooch came to Lisbon in 1822, practiced in Lisbon till 1827, 
when his place was taken by Samuel Moody. 

Stetson L. Hill. [See page 255.] 

Hon. William Wheeler Bolster was born in Rumford, Me, July 6, 
1828. He is the son of General Alvan Bolster, of Ixumford. He attended 
the public schools of his native town, and the academies of Bethel, Me, and 
Peacham, Vt, where he fitted for college, teaching in various towns in 
Maine and Vermont in vacations. In February, 1845, he commenced the 
study of law with Isaac Randall, Esq., and Judge Walton, at Dixfield. He 
graduated from Harvard Law School at Cambridge, Mass., August 25, 1847, 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 323 

and is a member of the Harvard Law Association. He was admitted to the 
bar April 15, 1846, at the April term of the Supreme Judicial Court in 
Portland, and entered upon his professional duties at East Rumford, and 
resided there till October, 1852, when he moved to Dixfield, where he followed 
his profession for the next twenty years. In October, 1872, he came to 
Auburn, where he formed a partnership with A. M. Pulsifer, with their law 
office in Lewiston. He has practiced with success in Oxford, Franklin, 
Androscoggin, and Cumberland counties. While in Dixfield he was senior 
member of the law firms of Bolster & Ludden, Bolster & Richardson, Bolster 
& Wright. In September, 18(51, he was elected county attorney for Oxford 
county; re-elected in 1804 for three additional years. In 1871 he compiled the 
" Tax Collector and Form Book " ; in 1880 the " Tax Collector's Book." Both 
are in general use throughout the state. In connection with these works, he 
compiled an " Invoice and Valuation Book," an " Assessment Book," a " Tax 
Collector's Book," and a " Highway Surveyor's Book " for the use of town 
officials. Since the adoption of the Revised Statutes of 1883, they have been 
revised by him and adapted to the present law. 

While living in Rumford and Dixfield he served several terms in each 
town as a member of the superintending school committee. In 1877-8 he 
was alderman in tlie city government of Auburn; for three years after he was 
city solicitor. In May, 1848, he received the appointment of clerk in the 
office of secretary of state, which office he held by annual appointment until 
1858, with the exception of a single year. During two sessions of the legisla- 
ture he discharged the duties of miscellaneous clerk, and throughout six other 
sessions he had charge as engrossing clerk of the engrossing department; in 
1857 the statutes of Maine were revised, and the engrossment of the revised 
code was under his supervision. For a year and a half he was commission 
clerk, which office he resigned in May, 1858, on account of ill health. In 
September, 1868, he was elected state senator from Oxford county; re-elected 
in 1869, and in 1870 was chosen president of the senate. January 15, 1873, 
he was appointed state bank examiner, and re-appointed February 2, 1876, 
holding the office six years. In January, 1883, he was elected to the executive 
council for two years. February 5, 1885, he was appointed a trustee of the 
State Iveform School; re-appointed February 6, 1889, he now holds the office. 

February 17, 1849, he was elected and commissioned first lieutenant in 
Company A of the Rumford Riflemen, of the Second Brigade of the Sixth 
Division of Maine Militia. July 12, 1851, he was promoted to the captaincy, 
which he resigned and was honorably discharged April 16, 1852. October 3, 
1864, he was appointed to the office of division advocate, with the rank of 
major, on the staff of Major-General W. Wirt Virgin — now Judge Virgin — 
who commanded the Third Division of the State Militia. This post he lield 
during General Virgin's term of office. At the breaking out of the Rebellion 



324 



History of Androscoggin County. 



in 1861, under orders from General Virgin, lie was actively engaged in organ- 
izing the militia composing the Third Division. In 1846 he joined the Sons 
of Temperance and has ever since identified himself with temperance reform. 
December 9, 1856, at Livermore, he was admitted to the third degree of 
Masonry in Oriental Star Lodge. Since August, 1878, he has been president of 
the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company of Auburn. At the organization 
of the American Banking and Trust Company, succeeding the Maine Mortgage 
Loan Company, he was elected its president, which office he now holds. 

In religion he is a Universalist; in politics, a Republican. Before the 
organization of the Republican party he was a Democrat. In August, 1852, he 
was a member of and actively participated in the memorable county convention 
of anti-slavery Democrats, Free Soilers, and Whigs, which met at Norway and 
formed the l{ei)ublican party, and then first nominated a full set of county 
officers. \Vhile in practice Mr Bolster attained and maintained a high rank as 
a lawyer, and conducted trials of important causes. In later years he has 
devoted more time to other pursuits than to his profession, but still occasion- 
ally appears in court. He was married October 15, 1848, to Martha Hall, 
daughter of Joseph Adams, M.D., of Rumford. She died August 20, 1866. 
August 17, 1868, he married Florence Josephine, daughter of Colonel Lewis 
Reed, of Mexico. 

Asa p. Moore was born in Portland, August 23, 1823, and was educated 
in the public schools of I*ortland. After leaving school he went to sea and 
rose to the position of first officer of a ship. Becoming weary of a life upon 
the ocean, he left that occupation, removed to Lisbon, and entered upon the 
study of law. While pursuing his studies his services were often required as 
a magistrate, land surveyor, and conveyancer. He was admitted to the bar in 
Androscoggin county in April, 1860, and began business as a lawyer immedi- 
ately thereafter at Lisbon, succeeding Samuel Moody, where he has since 
resided. He was supervisor of schools from 1851 to 1855, inclusive. He 
married, July 12, 1847, Miss Susan P. Andrews, of Lisbon, now deceased. 

Hon. Charles William Goddard, son of Henry Goddard, Esq., was 
born in Portland, December, 1825. He was educated in the public schools of 
Portland, and was graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1844. 
He read law in the office of Howard & Shepley, and was admitted to the bar 
in Cumberland county, October, 1846, began practice in Portland, remaining 
there about three years, when he came to Auburn, having his office in Lewiston, 
where he was in active practive 16 years, with the exception of four years, 
when he was U. S. Consul-General in Constantinople. He was appointed 
the first county attorney for Androscoggin county in 1854, and held the 
office to and including 1857, during which time he was, on account of the 
feeble health of the attorney-general, the leading counsel for the state in the 
famous trial of George Knight for the murder of his wife ; he was a member 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 325 

of the state senate from Androscoggin county in 1858 and 1859, and the last 
year was its president; was appointed U. S. Consul to Constantinople in 1861, 
which office he held until 1864. In 1866 he moved from Auburn to Portland. 
In 1867 he was placed, by appointment of Governor Chamberlain, on the 
commission for the equalization of municipal war debts of the state. The same 
year he was appointed justice of the Superior Court of Cumberland county 
and held that office until 1871, when he was appointed postmaster of Portland, 
which position he held twelve years. In 1872 Judge Goddard was appointed 
to the lectureship on medical jurisprudence in the Medical School connected 
with Bowdoin College, and was afterwards chosen by the boards of the college 
professor in that department. In 1881, by a resolve of the legislature, he was 
appointed commissioner to revise the general and public laws of the state 
of Maine. The duties of that commission were discharged with great faithful- 
ness and ability. He was a director of the American Peace Society and a 
member of the Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of 
Nations. He married first, Caroline R. Little, daughter of Hon. Thomas B. 
Little, of Auburn, who died in 1853. In 1857 he married Rowena C. Morrill, 
daughter of ex-Governor Anson P. Morrill, of Readfield, who survives him. 
He died in Portland, March 9, 1889. Judge Goddard was a gentleman of 
unquestioned integrity, honest and faithful in all the relations of life, and 
possessing great decision of character. He believed that the laws of tlie land 
should be enforced, and acted upon that principle without fear, favor, or 
affection for any party brought before him, always striving to deal out exact 
justice in every case. He possessed a fine literary taste, was learned in the 
law, an accomplished gentleman, a sound lawyer, eloquent advocate, upright 
judge, a warm friend, and agreeable companion. 

Hon. Thomas Amory Deblois Fessenden, son of General Samuel 
Fessenden, was born at Portland, January 23, 1826. He was fitted for 
college at North Yarmouth Academy, and passed his freshman year in 
Dartmouth College, the other three at Bowdoin, and was graduated in 1845. 
He then began the study of law in the office of Willis & Fessenden, Portland. 
He was admitted to the bar in Cumberland county in April, 1848, and then 
opened an office at Mechanic Falls. In 1850 he moved to Auburn and formed 
a copartnership with Judge Morrill, wliich continued eight years, afterwards 
with Hon. William P. Frye, which lasted ten years. He was delegate to the 
Ivepublican National Conventions which nominated General Fremont in 1856, 
and General Grant in 1868. He was elected representative from Auburn to 
the Maine legislature in 1861; was elected county attorney in 1861, which 
position he held until elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the unexpired 
term of Hon. Charles W. Walton, resigned. In 1868 he was chosen presi- 
dential elector. He married Miss Elizabeth R. Titcomb, daughter of Silas 
Titcomb, Esq., of Lewiston. He died in Auburn, September 28, 1868. The 



326 History of Androscoggin County. 

historian of Bowdoin College makes the following just estimate of his char- 
acter: "Possessing a fine person, winning manners, easy address, he was well 
fitted to wield influence over men, was successful at the bar and in legislative 
debate. With a character marked by true nobility, scorning intrigue or 
duplicity, of great purity and integrity, and of a genial humor, he had the 
confidence of men." 

Cyrus Knapp, of East Livermore, son of Joseph and Deborah Cushman 
Knapp, was born in Kingfield, January 4, 1827. His mother was the eldest 
daughter of Andrew Cushman, a Revolutionary soldier. He attended the 
common schools of his native town until he was 18 years of age, when lie 
entered Monmouth Academy, where he continued until 1849. During his 
connection with Monmouth Academy he taught common and singing schools 
in the winters. After leaving school he entered upon the study of law in the 
office of Judge Seth May, in Winthrop. He was admitted to the bar in 
Kennebec county, October, 1852. In March, 1853, he commenced the practice 
of his profession at Livermore Falls. The following year he was elected one 
of the superintending school committee of East Livermore, and held the office, 
by successive elections, ten years, and later was chosen supervisor of schools 
for two years. March 2I>, 1854, he was appointed, by Governor Crosby, clerk 
of the courts of Androscoggin county, which office he held two years. He 
was elected representative to the state legislature from East Livermore in 
1858 and 1871. April 7, 1871, he was appointed, by Governor Perhara, judge 
of probate for Androscoggin county, to fill the unexpired term occasioned by 
the resignation of Judge Luce, and subsequently was elected to the same 
office, which he held one term. He moved to Auburn in September, 1873, 
where he continued to reside until October, 1875, when he returned to 
Livermore Falls, where he has since resided. He married Miss Ellen S. Luce, 
daughter of Oren and Ellen C. Luce, then of Livermore Falls. Judge Knapp 
does not devote his whole time to the practice of his profession, but he is a 
lawyer of no mean ability, an ingenious and successful advocate, and has been 
a prominent attorney at the Androscoggin bar. 

John W. May, son of Hon. Seth May, was born in Winthrop, January 21, 
1828. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1852. He read law with 
his father in Winthrop, and was admitted to the bar in Kennebec county in 
1857. He practiced in Winthrop until 1863, when he removed to Auburn, and 
continued practice with his father, under the firm name of S. & J. W. May, 
in Lewiston until 1873. He was admitted to practice in the U. S. Circuit 
Court at Portland in 1867, was appointed register in bankruptcy in 1873, and 
held that office until the repeal of the bankruptcy law in 1878. He married, 
in 1861), Miss Hattie B. Wiggin, daughter of Dr H. L. K. Wiggin, of Auburn. 
Mr May, while not entirely relinquishing the practice of his profession, has for 
several years past given his attention to the management of his estate. He is 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 327 

a gentleman of fine literary tastes, and has written several humorous and other 
poems, a volume of which was published by him a few years since and was 
received with marked favor by his friends, for whose pleasure it was printed. 

Albion K. P. Knowlton was born at New Portland, Me, December 10, 
1829. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy, and was graduated at Colby 
University, then Waterville College, in 1854. He was principal of Thomaston 
Academy from 1856 to 1859, and of the Lewiston High School from 1860 to 
1863. He was admitted to the bar in 1860, having read law in the office of 
Fessenden & Frye, and has always practiced his profession in Lewiston. He 
was judge of the Lewiston Municipal Court from 1872 to 1876, and alderman 
of Lewiston in 1871, 188(>, and 1887. He is Past Master of Ilabboni Lodge, 
F. and A. M., Past High Priest of King Hiram R. A. Chapter, and a member 
of Dunlap Council and Lewiston Commandery, K. T. 

Bartlett C. Frost, son of Oliver P. and Esther Frost, was born in 
Leeds. He emigrated from the state several years since and is now attorney- 
at-law and solicitor in chancery at Phillipsburg, N. J., and has attained 
prominence in his profession. 

Hon. Mandeville Treat Ludden was born at Canton, Me, February 
17, 1830. He was educated at the public schools and at Maine Wesleyan 
Seminary. He studied law with Hon. Timothy Ludden, of Turner, and grad- 
uated at the Harvard Law School in 1854. He was admitted to the bar in 
Androscoggin county, August, 1854, and was the first one admitted to the bar 
in the county after its incorporation. January 1, 1856, he was married to Miss 
Mary E. Jewett, at Kent's Hill, who survives him. He commenced practice at 
Turner with Hon. Timothy Ludden. In 1869 he moved to Lewiston, where 
he resided until his decease. In 1863 he was elected county attorney of 
Androscoggin county and re-elected in 1864. In 1867 and 1868 he was elected 
state senator. He was city solicitor of Lewiston from 1871 to 1881, was a 
member of the common council and of the board of aldermen, and was elected 
mayor in 1881. Bowdoin C^ollege conferred upon him the honorary degree of 
Master of Arts, in 1880. Mr Ludden died at Lewiston, September 21, 1882. 
The appendix to volume 79 of Maine Reports contains a truthful biographical 
sketch of Mr Ludden, written by his partner. Col. F. M. Drew, from which the 
following is taken: — 

Mr Ludden was an able counselor and a successful advocate In his practice, 

while he was faithful to his client, he did not forget that in the temple of justice he was 
also a priest to guard its sacred shrine. ... He was a kind and generous man. How- 
ever humble or poor, no one ever in vain solicited his services from want of intiueuce or 
money, and no client was ever oppressed for payment of the compensation he had justly 
earned. . . . But above all these good qualities and virtues, as the heavenly is above the 
earthly, he was a Christian man . . . respected and esteemed by all who knew him. 

Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., son of Colonel John M. Frye, born at 
Lewiston, September 2, 1831, was graduated at Bowdoin College in the class 



328 History of Androscoggin County. 

of 1850, and admitted to the bar in Lincoln county at the October term of the 
Supreme Judicial Court, 1852. He was a member of the legislature in 1861, 
1862, and 1867; was mayor of Lewiston in 1866 and 1867; was attorney- 
general of the state of Maine in 1867, 1868, and 1869; was elected member of 
the National Republican Executive Committee in 1872, re-elected in 1876, also 
in 1880; was elected a trustee of Bowdoin College in June, 1880 ; received 
the degree of LL.D. from Bates College in July, 1881 ; was presidential elector 
in 1864; was a delegate to the National Republican Conventions in 1872, 1876, 
and 1880; was elected chairman of the Republican State Committee of Maine 
in place of Hon. James G. Blaine, resigned, in November, 1881 ; was elected a 
representative from the second district in Maine in the Forty-second, Forty- 
third, Forty -fourth. Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; 
was elected to the United States Senate, as a Republican, to iill the vacancy 
occasioned by the resignation of Hon. James (1. Blaine (appointed Secretary of 
State), and took his seat March 18, 18<S1; was re-elected in 1883, also in 1889. 
Mr Frye married Miss Caroline F. Spear, of Rockland, daughter of Captain 
Archibald Spear. He has been a leading member of the Androscoggin bar 
from the date of the incorporation of the county, a successful advocate, a 
brilliant orator, and among the foremost of the Republican leaders in the 
country, maintaining a high position in the U. S. Senate as a legislator and 
statesman. 

Hon. Enos T. Luce was born in Wilton, January 27, 1832. The expenses 
for his education were obtained by his own labors, teaching school and 
working in a mill. He fitted for college at Farmington Academy, and was 
graduated from Bowdoin in 185('>. In December, 1866, he became principal of 
Lewiston Falls Academy for one year. He studied law with Hon. Nathan 
Clifford, of Portland, and Record & Walton in Auburn. He was admitted to 
practice as an attorney January 27, 1859, and became a member of the law 
firm of Ivecord, Walton & Luce. Mr Walton was elected to Congress in 
1860, and retired from the firm. The firm of Record & Luce continued until 
September, 1862, when Mr Luce entered the army as lieutenant-colonel of the 
Twenty-third Maine. He was in the army until July, 1863. The next fall he 
was elected judge of probate. He continued the practice of law, occasionally 
taking a hand in politics, until 1869, when he was appointed U. S. assessor of 
internal revenue for the Second District of Maine. In 1869 he was a member 
of the common council of Auburn, also one of the superintending school com- 
mittee. In 1871 he was appointed judge of the municipal court, Lewiston, and 
resigned the office of judge of probate. In 1872 he published the Maine Probate 
Manual for the use of practitioners in the })rol)ate courts. The manual is in use 
in most of the counties of the state. In 1873 he was connected with the U. S. 
geological survey of Colorado. In 1874 he moved to Somerville, Mass., and 
practiced law in Boston until 1881, when he was appointed judge of the 



i 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 329 

Second District Court of Eastern Middlesex, holden at Waltham, Mass., where 
he now resides. He has served on the school boards of Somerville and Wal- 
tham, and for several years has been president of the Waltham Savings Bank. 
While in Auburn and Lewiston his attainments as a lawyer secured him the 
respect of the courts, the esteem of his brethren at the bar, and the confidence 
of his clients, and he was highly respected for his honorable character, and for 
his interest in and efforts for the intellectual, moral, and material welfare of 
the two cities. Judge Luce married first, Mrs Phebe L. Adams, of Wilton, 
who died in 1874 ; second, Miss Sarah J. Mills, in 1879. 

Seth D. Washburn, son of Reuel Washburn, was born at Liverraore, 
June 21, 1832. He was educated in the public schools of his native town and 
at Farmington Academy. He studied law with his father and was admitted 
to the bar in Androscoggin county in January, 1861. He married Miss Julia 
C., daughter of Job Chase, Esq., of Livermore, March 8, 1871. He practiced 
his profession for about twelve years, when he abandoned the law for agriculture. 
While he takes a deep interest as a citizen in whatever appears to be beneficial 
to his native town, he has steadily refused all offices, although frequently 
solicited to accept tliem at the hands of his fellow-citizens, devoting himself 
to the management of his private affairs. He is esteemed by his townsmen 
and all others who know him as an honorable man. 

Augustus M. Pulsifer, son of Moses Rust Pulsifer, M.D., formerly of 
Poland, and Mary Strout (Dunn) Pulsifer, was born in Sullivan, June 15, 
1834, and was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the class of 1858. He read 
law with Record, Walton & Luce, in Auburn, and was admitted to the bar in 
Androscoggin county in September, 1860. He has served as chairman of the 
school board, and as president of the common council of the city of Auburn. 
He was county attorney from 1870 to 1873, inclusive, and was one of the 
projectors and a director of the Auburn Aqueduct Company. The Little 
Androscoggin Water-Povver Company was organized by him in 1870, and he 
has been a director and its treasurer and clerk since its formation. Mr Pulsifer 
retains his connection with the liar Association, but liis duties as au officer of 
the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company liave so engrossed his atten- 
tion and occupied his time that he has rarely undertaken the conduct of trials 
in the courts. He married July 2, 1863, Harriet, daughter of George W. 
Chase, Esq., of Auburn. They have seven children, the eldest of whom, 
Jeanie Deane Pulsifer, is an artist; and the next, James A. Pulsifer, is a grad- 
uate of Colby University, class of 1888, and of the National Law School in 
Washington, D. C, class of 1891. 

John I). Stetson was born in Durham in March, 1835, and was grad- 
uated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1858. He taught the Lewiston 
High School four years, then read law in the office of Fessenden & Frye, 
and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county, January, 1860. He 



330 History of Androscoggin County. 

commenced practice in Lewiston, remaining there until 1877, when he removed 
to Red Wing, Minn. 

Marshal Dixey Chaplin was born in Bridgton, October IS, 183(i. He 
fitted for college at the North Bridgton Academy, graduated from Bowdoin 
College in the class of 1860, studied law with Hon. Henry C. Peabody, of 
Portland, and was admitted to the Cumberland bar, January, 1864, and 
commenced practice in Lewiston, where he continued in business until his 
decease. He came to his death by being burned in his lodging room adjoining 
his office on Lisbon street in Lewiston, on the night of December 3, 1870. 
Mr Chaplin was rather retiring in his habits. A gentleman of fine literary 
tastes and ac(|uirements, his kindly disposition secured him many friends. 

Emery (). Bicknell was born in Paris, March 30, 1837, was educated 
at the Oxford Normal Institute and Bethel Academy, and took a special 
academic course, covering a part of a college course. He read law with 
Record, Walton & Luce, at Auburn, was admitted to the Androscoggin bar, 
September, I860, and commenced practice in Lewiston. In June, 1869, he 
located in Boston, where he is in practice. He was elected county attorney 
of Androscoggin county in 1866, and held the office three years. He married 
Margaretta Tracy, June 24, 1868, at Lisbon. 

CoL. Franklin M. Drew was born in Turner, July 19, 1837, was fitted 
for college at Hebron Academy, and was graduated from Bowdoin College in 
1858. He read law with Bradbury, Merrill & Meserve in Augusta, and was 
admitted to the bar in Kennebec county April 3, 1861. He had been assistant 
clerk of the Maine house of representatives in 1860-1, and in June, 1861, he 
began practice in Presque Isle, Aroostook county. In August he was nominated 
for county attorney, but deciding to enter military service the nomination was 
declined. Volunteering for three years' service October 22, 1861, he was com- 
missioned captain of Co. G, 15th Regt Me Vols, promoted major September 10, 
1862, and was mustered out at expiration of service, January 26, 1865, and 
brevetted colonel U. S. V. for "faithful and meritorious services during the 
war." Returning to civil life he engaged in the practice of law at Brunswick 
and in 1886-7 was clerk of the Maine house of representatives. In 1868 he 
was elected secretary of state and served four years, and in 1872, 1873, 1874, 
1875 was U. S. pension agent at Augusta. In October, 1878, he formed a law 
partnership with Hon. M. T. Ludden in Lewiston (who died in 1882), and 
has been in practice in that city since, admitting L. G. Roberts, Esq., as a 
partner in 1891. He was elected judge of probate for Androscoggin county in 
1888 and assumed office January 1, 1889. Colonel Drew has been identified with 
all the movements tending to the betterment of the community and country, 
has been active in the Grand Army of the Republic and was department 
commander in 1889; has been secretary of the board of trustees and ex-officio 
member of the board of overseers of Bowdoin College since 1865; is a 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 331 

member of the Maine Historical Societ}'-, and is prominent in Christian labors 
and Y. M. C. A. work. 

Willaed Francis Estey was born at North Easton, Mass., August 30, 
1839. He was educated in public schools and at Phillips Exeter Academy, 
where he graduated in the class of 18G2, and afterwards read law three years 
with the Hon. Ellis Ames, at Canton, Mass., and was admitted to practice in 
the Massachusetts courts in February, 186G, at Dedham; in 1870 was admitted 
to the bar of the Circuit Court of the United States, at Boston. In 1883 he 
removed to Lewiston, and was admitted to practice in Maine, in April, 1885, 
at Auburn, and became a member of the firm of Dana & Estey, Lewiston. 
He has practiced law at Hyde Park and Boston, Mass., and was a member of 
tlie firms of Estey & Andrews and Estey & Terry. From 18G8 to 1872 he 
held the commission of trial justice for Norfolk county, and served on the 
boards of school committee in Dedham and Hyde Park, Mass., for a number 
of years. He married a daughter of William Withington. 

John B. Cotton was born in Woodstock, Conn., August 3, 1841, and 
soon after his parents moved to Clinton, Mass., remaining until he was 18, 
when his father removed to Lewiston. He fitted for college at Lewiston Falls 
Academy, and by the liberality of John C. Bradbury, Esq., of Saco, for whom 
he was named, lie was enabled to pursue his collegiate course at Bowdoin 
College, graduating in the class of 1865. He read law at Lewiston in the 
office of Messrs Fessenden & Frye, and was admitted to the bar in September, 
1866. Upon the decease of Mr Fessenden, in 1868, he became a member of 
the firm of Frye & Cotton, and continued in this firm and that of Frye, Cotton 
& White until 1889, when he was appointed assistant attorney-general of the 
United States, charged with the defense of the government in the court of 
claims, and removed to Washington, D. C. He served one terra upon the 
school committee and one year in the common council while a resident of 
Lewiston. He married a daughter of Mark Lowell, Esq., of Lewiston. 

Hon. Thomas Hawes Haskell was born in New Gloucester, May 18, 
1842. He fitted for college at Paris Hill Academy and Norway Liberal 
Institute, to enter in the fall of 1862; but, being drafted into the army, 
served nine months in the Twenty-fifth Maine. In the summer of 1863 he 
commenced the study of law with Hon. Nahum Morrill and continued until 
admitted to the bar, February 1, 1865. He then became partner of his 
instructor until he removed to Portland, July 5, 1866, with Hon. Charles W. 
Goddard, where they continued as law partners until the latter was appointed 
to the superioj- bench in 1868, when he joined in professional business Hon. 
William W. Thomas, Jr, until February 1, 1878; then Hon. Nathan Webb 
took him as copartner, until he was appointed to the bench of the U. S. 
District Court in February, 1882, when Edward Woodman, of Portland, 
succeeded to the firm. They enjoyed a lucrative practice until Mr Haskell 



332 History of Androscoggin County. 

was appointed to the supreme bench of the state, March 31, 1884. He took 
his seat upon the bench the next April, in Androscoggin county, where he had 
been admitted to the bar 19 years before. Judge Haskell served two terms in 
the common council of Portland, and twice as county attorney for Cumberland 
county by appointment from the court, and once by appointment from the 
governor. He is the youngest member of the bench. He is a grand-nephew 
of the late Chief Justice Whitman, of the same bench, through his mother, and 
on his father's side is descended from the Parsons family, so well known to the 
profession in Massachusetts. 

Charles E. Wing was born in Livermore, July 2, 1842. He was 
educated in the schools of Livermore, and several years of his early life were 
employed in teaching and as a traveling salesman, in both of which occupations 
he won success. When 34 years old he entered the employment of his brother, 
Hon. George C. Wing, with whom he read law, and was admitted to the 
bar at Auburn in April, 1877. He immediately became a partner of his 
brother, forming the firm of George C. & Charles E. Wing, with offices in 
Auburn, and has since been engaged in his profession, devoting himself chiefly 
to office business, but occasionally conducting (and creditably) causes in court 
as an advocate. He married, November 11, 1872, Harriet F. Stevens, of 
Fayette. He is a staunch Republican, but has never sought office. 

Adelbert D. Cornish, of Lewiston, was born at Lisbon, February 3, 
1843. After a thorough preparatory course of study he entered Bowdoin 
College, remained until the close of his sophomore year, and then read law in 
the office of Bicknell & Stetson, of Lewiston, and was admitted to practice in 
April, 1868. He was elected city solicitor in 1873 and 1874, was a member 
of the common council in 1881 and 1882, and was president of the common 
council in 1882. He was a representative from Lewiston in 1874, and was 
appointed judge of Lewiston Municipal Court in 187<), which office he has 
continued to hold by successive appointments. 

Hon. Liberty H. Hutchinson was born in Milan, N. H., March 1, 1844. 
He was the son of Edwin F. Hutchinson, then of Milan, afterwards of Auburn, 
Me. His early life was passed upon his father's farm, in the labors and amid 
the homely and simple circumstances usually incident to life upon a farm in 
the more remote and secluded country towns. His early education was 
received in the district school. After this preliminary training on farm and 
in school, and with some experience as a teacher in the district schools, he 
entered Lancaster Academy, Lancaster, N. H., in August, 1864, where he 
finished his preparation for college in May, 18(57. In the latter year 
he entered Bates College. He left college in 1870, and immediately began 
his law studies in the office of Hon. M. T. Ludden. He was admitted to the 
bar in October, 1870, and opened an office in Auburn, where he remained 
until July 1, 1871, when he formed a copartnership with Hon. Calvin Record 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 



in Lewiston, as Record & Hutchinson. This copartnership was dissolved in 
March, 1875, and a new firm organized, composed of Mr Hutchinson and A. 
R. Savage, as Hutchinson & Savage. W. W. Sanborn, Esq., was at one time 
a member of the firm, then Hutchinson, Savage & Sanborn. At another time 
Frank D. Hale was a member of the firm, at which time it was Hutchinson, 
Savage & Hale. Mr Hutchinson resided in Auburn from 1867 to 1876, and 
later in Lewiston. He was a member of the superintending school committee 
of Auburn, and served upon the school committee and in both branches of the 
city council of Lewiston. He was representative from Lewiston in 1879, 1880, 
and 1881, and while serving for the third session was speaker. His health 
soon after failed, and he died September 8, 1882. He married Mary W. 
Emery, of Clinton, Mass., by whom he had five children, Annie L., Albert S., 
Edwin L., Mary E., and Grace. 

Hon. Jesse M. Libby, of Mechanic Falls, was born in Danville (now 
Auburn), March 28, 1846. He was educated at the Nichols Latin School and 
Bates College, graduating from Bates in the class of 1871. He read law in 
the ofhce of Strout & Holmes, at Portland, and was admitted to the bar in 
Androscoggin county in Septeud:)er, 1874. He commenced the practice of his 
profession in Lewiston, where he remained six months, and then moved to 
Mechanic E'alls where he has since continued business. He has held the office 
of supervisor of schools in Poland, and represented Poland in the legisla- 
ture in 1878. He was county attorney for Androscoggin county from 1887 to 
181)1, and at the September election of 1890 he was elected state senator for 
the years 1891 and 1892. He was one of the corporators of the Maine State 
Bar Association. In December, 1871, he married Miss Kittie E., daughter of 
Hon. Luther Perkins, of Poland, Me. 

Isaac W. Hanson was born in Farndngton, N. H., May 13, 1846. He 
was educated at the Nichols Latin School and was graduated from Bates 
College in 1870. He read law in the office of S. M. Wheeler, Esq., of Dover, 
N. H., and in the office of Hon. M. T. Ludden in Lewiston. He was admitted 
to the bar in Androscoggin county in September, 1872, and immediately 
entered upon the practice of his profession at Mechanic Falls. He was elected 
clerk and treasurer of Poland in 1877, and clerk of the courts of Androscog- 
gin county in 1879, holding the last named office by successive elections to the 
present time. He is courteous, competent, and satisfactory as an official. He 
was married November 29, 1871, to Miss Alice Perkins, daughter of the Hon. 
Luther Perkins of Poland. 

Hon. George C. Wing was born in Livermore, April 16, 1847. He fitted 
for college, studied law with Henry C. Wentworth, Esq., at Livermore Falls, 
and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in April, 1868. He soon 
commenced the practice of his profession at Lisbon Falls, where he remained two 
years, then came to Auburn, and became junior partner of the firm of Morrill & 



334 History of Androscoggin County. 



Wing, which firm continued six years. He married, May 2, 1870, Emily B. 
Thompson, of Livermore. After dissolving his connection with Mr Morrill, 
he formed a copartnership with his brother, Charles E. Wing, which still con- 
tinues. He served as a member of the superintending school committee of 
Auburn, in 1872 and 1873, and was city solicitor for 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 
1885, and 1887. He was one of the corporators of the National Shoe and 
Leather Bank, of Auburn, in 1875, since which time he has been one of its 
directors. He was elected county attorney in 1872, and judge of probate in 
1875, re-elected in 1879, and appointed to the same office by Governor Robie 
for 1881. Mr Wing was chairman of the Republican state committee during 
the presidential campaign in 1884, and chairman of the Republican state dele- 
gation to the convention held at Chicago, which nominated Hon. James G. 
Blaine for President. He was Judge Advocate General on the staff of both 
Governor Bodwell and Governor Marble, and has been from its organization 
president of the Maine Benefit Association. He was one of the corporators 
of the Maine State Bar Association. 

Hon. Albert R. Savage, son of Charles Wesley and Eliza M. (Clough) 
Savage, was born in Ryegate, Vt, December 8, 1847, and graduated from 
Dartmouth College in 1871. August 17, 1871, he married Nellie Hale of 
Concord, Vt. Mr Savage taught school in Northwood, N. H., and Northfield, 
Vt, studying law during vacations in the office of Carpenter & Plumley, 
in Northfield. In 1875 he came to Auburn, was admitted to the Androscoggin 
bar, and commenced the practice of law in Lewiston in partnership with Hon. 
L. H. Hutchinson. The death of Mr Hutchinson in 1882 dissolved the firm, 
and a short time afterwards the firm of Savage & Oakes was formed, Henry 
W. Oakes becoming the junior partner. Mr Savage was a member of the 
school committee of Auburn in 1881 and 1882; was appointed county attorney 
in 1881 and elected to the same office in 1882; was judge of probate in 
]8(S5, 188(5, 1887, 1888; representative to the legislature in 1891, and one of 
the corporators of the Maine State Bar Association, and is one of its vice- 
presidents. He was mayor of Auburn in 1889, 1890, and in 1<S91 was a third 
time called to preside over the affairs of the municii)ality, whose interests he 
had ably and honestly served. Mr Savage is one of the trustees of the People's 
Savings Bank, Lewiston ; president of Auburn Loan and Building Association, 
Lewiston and Auburn Electric Light Company, and has been president of the 
Calumet Club of Lewiston. He is a member of Abou Ben Adhem Lodge, L (). 
O. F., and Eureka Lodge, K. of P. He is a prominent Mason, a member of 
I'ranquil Lodge, Bradford Chapter, Dunlap Council, and Lewiston Command- 
ery. He has been for the past two years Supreme Dictator of the Knights of 
Honor of the United States, discharging the delicate and responsible duties of 
the head of an order numbering 150,000 members, with ability, discrimination, 
and faithfulness. As a man, a citizen, and a lawyer. Judge Savage is widely 




'1^, 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 335 

known and highly esteemed. His accurate knowledge alike of the broad 
principles and narrower technicalities of the law, his industry, his fidelity to 
his clients, his quick perception of the strong points of his own and the 
weakness of his adversary's case, his never-failing tact and good humor before 
a jury, make him a formidable antagonist at the bar. His knowledge of public 
affairs, and his steady adherence to and commanding ability in the defense of 
the principles and measures which to him seem right, have given him promi- 
nence in the political world, and marked him for rapid promotion. But it is 
among those intimately acquainted with him, who know his sunny temper, 
his kind heart, his deeds of charity, that he finds his warmest friends. 

Wallace Humphrey White, son of John and Mary A. White, was born 
in Livermore, September 4, 1848. He read law in the office of Frye & Cotton, 
Lewiston, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county, and established 
himself in Lewiston as a member of the firm of Frye, Cotton & White. Mr 
White was county attorney from 1875 to 1880, representative in the legislature 
from Lewiston in 1883, assistant U. S. Attorney for tlie state of Maine in the 
Alabama court of claims, and has held various city oflices. Mr White is an 
attorney of ability, learned, careful, and is the senior partner of the firm of 
White & Carter. He is a member of the Maine State Bar Association. 

Seth May Carter, grandson of Judge Seth May, was born in Winthrop. 
He prepared for the legal profession in Lewiston, was admitted to practice 
in 1877, and is now the junior member of the firm of White & Carter, Lewiston. 
Mr Carter has been city solicitor of Auburn, has been a member of the 
governor's council, and was one of the corporators of the Maine State Bar 
Association. Mr Carter is an able lawyer, judicious in counsel, and has been 
entrusted with the interests of powerful corporations before the legislature. 

Charles M. Ham was born at Lisbon in 1853. He graduated from 
Westbrook Seminary in 1S76, and two years later was admitted to the 
Androscoggin bar from the office of Frye, Cotton & VVIiite, Lewiston. He 
has since practiced his profession at Lisbon Falls. He has been supervisor of 
schools, and has held various other town offices. Li 1891 he represented 
Lisbon and Webster in the legislature. 

Nathaniel H. Woodbury was born at Danville, now Auburn, April 2, 
1849. He was educated in the public schools of Auburn, and in the seminary 
department of Bates College. He studied law with Pulsifer & Bolster, at 
Lewiston, was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in September, 
1880, and has since practiced his profession in Auburn. Mr Woodbury was 
elected to the common council of Auburn in 1877 and 1878, and was a 
member of the school committee from 1878 to 1889, with the exception of one 
year, and for several years was supervisor of the rural schools of Auburn. 

C. V. Emerson was born in Lowell, Mass., October 22, 1849. He was 
educated at Yarmouth, North Anson, and Hebron academies, and Bates 



336 History of Androscoggin County. 



College, and was graduated from Bates College in the class of 1877. He read 
law in the office of Hutchinson & Savage, Lewiston, was admitted to the 
bar in Androscoggin county in April, 1882, and immediately commenced 
practice in Lewiston. He was city solicitor of Lewiston for the year 1889, 
and has been a member of the Lewiston board of health since 1887. He 
is also a director and clerk of the Stanley Dry Plate Company. He was 
appointed clerk of the Lewiston municipal court in 1890, after the decease of 
Mr Laughton. 

Levi Greenleaf was born in Stark, December 30, 1840. He fitted for 
college at Bloomfield Academy, Skowhegan, and Nichols Latin School, Lew- 
iston. He taught several years in the public schools and then entered the 
scientific course at Westbrook Seminary, and was graduated in the class of 
1873. He studied law with Hon. S. S. Brown, of Waterville, and Hon. Josiah 
H. Drummond, of Portland; was admitted to the bar in Somerset county in 
April, 1876, and immediately opened an office in Pittsfield for the practice of 
law. Mr Greenleaf was supervisor of schools during his residence in Pittsfield, 
and chairman of the board of selectmen, assessors, etc., for two years. Li 1879 
he was elected county attorney of Somerset county for three 3^ears. He 
removed to Lewiston in June, 1884, and has devoted himself to his profession. 

J. Wesley Mitchell was born in Auburn, November 5, 1850. He was 
educated in the public schools of Auburn, and was a teacher for six years. 
He read law at Lewiston with Record & Hutchinson, and Hutchinson & 
Savage, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in October, 
1875. Mr Mitchell was a member of the superintending school committee in 
1881, and was city clerk of Auburn from 1881 to 1886, and from 1887 to 1890. 
He now holds the office of attorney for the Auburn Loan and Building 
Association. He married Mary F. Getchell of Winthrop. 

Francis Orrin Purington, son of Elisha Purington, was born in Embden, 
August 10, 1852. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1880. 
He then taught school in Topsham one year, and at Mechanic Falls three 
years. In the meantime he studied law with Weston Thompson, Esq., of 
Brunswick, and Jesse Libby, P^sq., of Mechanic Falls ; was admitted to the 
bar in September, 1884, in Androscoggin county, and has since practiced his 
profession at Mechanic Falls. He has been supervisor of schools in Minot 
three years, and represented Minot and Durham in the legislature in 1889-1890. 
He married Addie E., daughter of Samuel E. Smullen, Esq., of Harpswell. 

Fred O. Watson was born in Wilton, November 26, 1852. He was 
educated in the public schools of Auburn, and read law with Pulsifer & 
Bolster at Lewiston, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1879; then 
commenced and has since continued the practice of his profession in Lewiston. 
He was clerk of the common council of Auburn from 1883 to 1886 inclusive, 
and a member of the school committee of Auburn for the years 1877 and 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 337 

1888. He was elected register of probate, September, 1888, and entered upon 
the duties of his office, January 1, 1889. He married Miss Florence A. Neal. 

Frank W. Dana, of the law firm of Dana & Estey, was born in Lubec, 
March 25, 1858, and acquired his education in the public schools of Lewiston 
and Bowdoin College. He studied law with Morrill & Wing in Auburn, and 
was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in April, 1875. He opened an office in 
Lisbon, where he practiced his i)rofession a few years, and then moved to 
Lewiston, where he has since resided. He held the office of judge advocate 
general of the state militia under Covernor E. C. Burleigh, and has been 
president of the Lewiston and Auburn street railway since 1885. 

Nathan W. Harris, son of Nathan C. Harris, M.D., was born in Minot, 
July 8, 1858. He was graduated from Bates College in 1878, after which he 
took the post-graduate course at Yale College, and received the degree of 
Ph.D. from that institution in 1875. He read law in Lewiston with Frye, 
Cotton & White, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1877, in Androscoggin 
county. He commenced the practice of his profession in Lewiston, remaining 
there two years, and then moved his office to Auburn, where he has since 
continued his business. He has been in the city government of Auburn four 
years, in the common council two years, was alderman in 1880 and 1881, 
was president of both boards, and city solicitor in 1890. He is one of the 
directors of the American Banking and Trust Company of Auburn, and 
treasurer of the Maine Benefit Association ; also one of the trustees of Bates 
College. He held the office of register of probate in Androscoggin county 
from 1880 to 1888. He was elected secretary of the Maine Benefit Association 
in January, 1891, succeeding Mr Lowell in that office. He has been twice 
married. His first wife was Miss Marilla H. Smith, of Lewiston; his second 
wife was Miss Edith S., daughter of Benjamin Conant, Esq., of Auburn. 

Frank L. Noble, of Lewiston, was born in Fairfield. He received his 
education in common schools and at Bates College. He was for two years 
member of the common council, and the second year was president of the 
board. He is a Republican, was a member of the Republican committee for 
1891, and represented Lewiston in 1887 and 1891. He is an able advocate. 

Tascus Atwood, son of Harrison Atwood, Esq., was born in Auburn, 
February 8, 1854. He obtained his education in the public schools of Auburn, 
and was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1876. He taught two years in 
the high schools of Hiram and Lubec, the Mattanawcook Academy, Lincoln, 
and the high school at Hammonton, N. J. He read law in the office of J. W. 
Mitchell, Esq., of Auburn, was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county. 
May G, 1879, and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in 
his native city, where he has since remained. He held the office of city 
solicitor for the year 1888, and county attorney for the years of 1885 and 
1886. He married Helen E. Jameson, of Lincoln. 



338 History of Androscoggin County. 



William H. Newell was born in Durham, April 16, 1854. He was 
graduated from tlie Western State Normal School in 1872, and from the Maine 
Wesleyan Seminary in 1876. He studied law with Weston Thompson, Esq., 
of Brunswick, and was admitted to the Sagadahoc county bar in April, 1878. 
He was principal of the grammar school in Brunswick from 1876 to 1882. He 
commenced the practice of law in Lewiston in 1882, where he has since resided. 
He married Miss Ida F. Plummer, of Lisbon, September 20, 1883. He was 
elected city solicitor of Lewiston for the year 1890. He is one of the law firm 
of Newell & Judkins. Mr Newell is a careful, painstaking lawyer, a genial 
o-entleman, and tlie firm of which he is a member is successfully prosecuting its 
professional business. In 1890 he was elected county attorney for Androscoggin 
county for the term commencing January 1, 1891 ; is a member of the Maine 
State Bar Association, and was elected mayor of Lewiston, March 2, 1891. 

Edgar M. Briggs was born in Parkman, May 28, 1854. He was 
graduated from the Maine Central Institute at Pittsfield, in June, 1875, and 
entered Bates College in August, and graduated therefrom in 1879. He was 
engaged as reporter on the Lewiston Gazette from 1879 to 1880, when he 
entered the law office of Hutchinson & Savage as a student. He was 
admitted to tlie bar in Dunn county, Wisconsin, in March, 1883, and in 
October, 1883, in this state, and began the practice of law in Lewiston, 
December, 1883, in partnership with C. V. Emerson, and continued until 
March, 1888, when he formed a copartnership with Hon. John P. Swasey. 
Mr Briggs married Annie Moore, of Lewiston, August, 1879. He has always 
kept out of politics and has held no political office. 

Dennis J. Callahan was born December 25, 1854, in Cork, Ireland, and 
came to America with his parents when he was two years old, and settled in 
Lewiston. He acquired his education in tlie public schools, Nichols Latin 
School, and was graduated from Bates College in 1876. He commenced to 
read law with Hon. M. T. Ludden, in January, 1877, and April, 1878, he was 
admitted to practice in Androscoggin county. In 1879 he opened an office in 
Lewiston, and has since continued the practice of law. In March, 1877, Mr 
Callahan was elected alderman of Lewiston, re-elected in 1878, 1879, and 1880. 
He was chosen president of the board in 1878. He was elected city solicitor 
in 1883 and 1884, and in 1883 was a member of the school board, re-elected in 
1885, 1887, 1889, and 1891, and served as its president in 1885 and 1887. 

Preston S. Laughton, son of Warren P. Laughton, was born in Lewis- 
ton, May 6, 1855. He was educated in the public schools of Lewiston, studied 
law with Hon. M. T. Ludden, was admitted to practice in Androscoggin 
county in January, 1879, and afterwards was graduated from tlie Boston Uni- 
versity Law School. He was appointed clerk of the Municipal Court of 
Lewiston in 1880, which office he held at the time of his death, September 23, 
1890. Mr Laughton was a courteous and genial gentleman. He discharged 



The Courts and Bench and Bar. 339 

the duties of his office efficiently and with integrity, thereby winning and 
retaining many friends. He married Miss Lora L. Gerrish, of Hebron. 

John Adams Morrill, son of Judge Nahum Morrill, was born at Auburn, 
June 3, 1855. He was educated in the public schools of Auburn aiid Bowdoin 
College, from which last-named institution he graduated in the class of 1876. 
Immediately after graduation he taught one year in the Edward Little High 
School, of Auburn, and then commenced the study of law with his father. He 
was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county at the January term, 1880, of 
the Supreme Judicial Court, and, associated with his father, entered upon the 
practice of his profession as a member of the firm of N. & J. A. Morrill, at 
Auburn, where he has since resided. He was appointed a master in chancery 
by the Supreme Judicial Court in 1881. He was admitted to the bar of 
the U. S. Circuit Court at the April term, 1880, at Portland, Me. He was 
elected city solicitor for the city of Auburn for the year 1886. He is a 
member of the board of overseers of Bowdoin College, and one of the trustees 
of the Auburn Public Library. He married Miss Lsabella E. Littlefield, of 
Melrose, Mass. 

Henry Walter Oakes, son of Dr Silvester and H. Eliza (Kilbourne) 
Oakes, was born in Auburn, April 26, 1857. He was educated in the public 
schools of the town, and Edward Little High School, and was graduated from 
Bates College in 1877. He read law with Frye, Cotton & White, was admitted 
to the bar in May, 1880, and commenced practice in partnership witli Nathan 
W. Harris, in Lewiston, and later in Auburn. The firm was dissolved in 
1883, and subsequently Mr Oakes formed a partnersliip with Hon. A. R. 
Savage, as Savage & Oakes. Mr Oakes has been a member of the school 
committee of Auburn several years, and of the common council in 1883, 1881, 
and 1891. He is a member of Androscoggin Lodge, L O. O. F., and Past 
Gi'and Warden of the state in the New England Order of Protection. In 
politics he is a Pepublican, and in religious views a Congregationalist. 
Though a young man, Mr Oakes is a rising lawyer. He is well read, an 
ingenious advocate, and a pleasing and impressive speaker. 

Herbert C. Whittemore, son of Alpheus and Sarah T. Whittemore, 
was born at East Livermore, November 11, 1857. He studied for his profes- 
sion with George D. Parks, Esq., of Brunswick, and at Boston University. 
He was admitted to the bar at Portland, Ma3% 1888, and practiced law with 
Mr Parks at Brunswick until July, 188!>, when he establislied himself at 
Livermore Falls. He is an Odd Fellow and a Free Mason. 

Fred S. Sampson was born at Hartford, April 1, 1858, and was educated 
at Bridgton Academy and Bates College, graduating in the class of 1884. He 
taught school in Hartford, Otisfield, New Gloucester, and Camden, and read 
law with Hon. VV. W. Bolster, of Auburn, and F. (). Watson, Esq. He was 
admitted to the Androscoggin bar in September, 1887. 



340 History of Androscoggin County. 

Albert E. Verrill, clerk of Auburn Municipal Court, was born at 
Poland, November 12, 1860. His collegiate course was in Bates College, 
graduating in the class of 188G. While in college he taught school in Sherman 
and in the Nichols Latin School. He read law with Savage & Oakes, and was 
admitted to the Androscoggin bar in January, 1889, and to the U. S. Circuit 
Court, August 4, 1890. He commenced practice in Auburn. 

Wilbur H. Judkins was born at Monmouth, May 19, 1858. He was 
educated in common schools and at Waterville Classical Institute, now Coburn 
Institute, Waterville, and was graduated from Bates College in the class 
of 1880. He read law in the office of Hon. A. M. Spear, and was admitted to 
the bar in April, 1883. He practices law in Lewiston, in partnership with 
William H. Newell, as Newell & Judkins. He was city solicitor of Lewiston 
for 1886-89. He has been a trustee of Bates College since 1888, and a 
member of commission on removal of Maine State Prison in 1890. 

Stephen A. Lowell, son of Hon. William Lowell, was born in Minot, 
January 1, 1859. He was educated in the common schools, Hebron Academy, 
and Bates College, and was graduated from the latter institution in 1882. He 
taught in the public schools of the state in the winter season from 1877 to 
1881, and in 1882-3 was principal of Foxcroft Academy. He studied law in 
the office of George C. & Charles E. Wing, and was admitted to the bar at 
Auburn, in April, 1885. In 1888 he was appointed a member of the board of 
trustees of the State Normal School, by Cxovernor Marble. From the organi- 
zation of the Maine Benefit Association until his resignation and removal from 
the state in 1891, he was secretary of that corporation. The duties of this 
office required his entire attention and precluded him from engaging in the 
practice of law. 

Daniel J. McGillicuddy was born in Lewiston, August 27, 1859. He 
was educated in the public schools of Lewiston, and was graduated from 
Bowdoin College in 1881. He studied law in the office of Frye, Cotton & 
White, of Lewiston, and was admitted a member of the Androscoggin bar in 
September, 1883, and commenced the practice of his profession in Lewiston, 
where he has since resided. He was elected a member of the Maine house of 
representatives, from Lewiston, in the year 1884, and elected mayor of the 
city for the years 1887 and 1890. 

EzEKiEL VosE Stevens, son of Zaccheus Stevens, and grandson of Rev. 
Ezekiel Vose, was born at North Turner, November 20, 1859. His father 
moved to Knox and died when Ezekiel was two years old. Ezekiel was 
adopted in the family of Essec Fuller, his uncle-in-law, a resident of North 
Turner. His education was acquired at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and 
at North Anson Academy; graduated at North Anson in the class of 1884. 
He read law with Webb & Webb, of Waterville, was admitted to the bar in 
October, 1887, in Kennebec county, and opened an office at North Turner, 



The Courts and Bench and Bae,. 341 

March 1, 1888. He has held the office of supervisor of schools for two years, 
and was census enumerator for Turner in 1890. He is a Universalist, and has 
been for two years junior and senior deacon of Nezinscot Lodge of F. and 
A. M. He married Miss Belle Holt, of Bangor, October 1, 1888. 

Francois Xavier Belleau was born in Montreal, P. Q., August 13, 1860, 
and educated in the common schools of Canada. In 1876 he came to Bruns- 
wick, and six months later to Lewiston, where, in September, 1877, he began 
the study of law with J. W. Mitchell, Esq., of Auburn. October 11, 1881, he 
was made a citizen of the United States by naturalization, and the same day 
was admitted to practice. Mr Belleau was the first French Canadian admitted 
to practice law in Maine, and the second one admitted in New England. Soon 
after his admission to the bar he opened an office in Lewiston and is now in 
practice. \n 1883 and 1884 he was clerk of the common council, in 1885 was 
city solicitor, and in 1890 and 1891 city clerk. He was married November 27, 
1883, in the cathedral of St Hyacinthe, P. Q., to Marie Blanche Alexandrine 
Martel, by Rev. Father Gravel, cur^ of the cathedral, now Bishop of Nicolet. 

H. E. CooLiDGE, of Lisbon Falls, was born at Livermore, December 23, 
1860. He acquired his education at the Nichols Latin School in Lewiston, 
and was graduated from Bates College in the class of 1881. After graduation 
he taught school at North Berwick, from 1883 to 1889. He read law in the 
office of Hon. Enoch Foster in Bethel, from August, 1881, to April, 1883, and 
with Savage & Oakes, Lewiston, from April, 1889, to September, 1889, when 
he was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county. After admission to 
practice his profession he established himself at Lisbon Falls, where he has 
since continued. He married Miss Josephine O. Dearborn, of Canton. 

Patrick H. Kelleher was born at Lewiston, September 9, 1861, where 
he continued to reside until 1874, and then moved with his father's family to 
Auburn, where he is still a resident. He was educated in the public schools of 
Auburn, and was graduated from the Edward Little Institute in 1879. After 
graduating, he taught school and engaged in other pursuits until April, 1883, 
when he commenced reading law in the office of N. & J. A. Morrill, and was 
admitted to the bar in April, 1885, and immediately entered upon the practice 
of law. He was elected a member of tlie board of aldermen from ward four, 
in Auburn, in 1889, serving in that capacity one year. At the expiration of 
his term of office he declined a re-nomination, preferring to devote his attention 
uninterruptedly to his profession. 

Leonard G. IvOHEUts was born in Sherman, Me, September 13, 1862. He 
was fitted for college in Nichols Latin School, Lewiston, and was graduated 
from Bates College in 1887. Devotincy himself to law he entered the law 
school of Bostoii University, from which he was graduated June 4, 1890. He 
was also graduated from the School of Oratory in Boston. He was admitted 
to the Suffolk county (Mass.) bar, August 19, 1890; to Androscoggin county 



342 History op Androscoggin County. 



bar in January, 1891, and immediately thereafter entered into copartnership 
with Hon. F. M. Drew in the practice of law, in Lewiston, under the firm 
name of Drew & Roberts. 

Frank A. Morey was born at Keeseville, N. Y., March 11, 1863. He 
was educated at Keeseville Union Free School and Bates College, graduating 
in the class of 1885. He studied law with H. & W. Hewitt, of Keeseville, 
was admitted to the bar at Albany, N. Y., May 5, 1887, and immediately 
became a member of the law firm of Hewitt & Morey, at Keeseville, where he 
remained until September, 1890, when he moved to Lewiston, where he has 
since been in practice. He married Maud M., daughter of O. G. Douglass. 

George E. McCann was born in New Gloucester, October 18, 1865. He 
was educated at the Freeport High School and Maine Wesleyan Seminary at 
Readfield, graduating in the class of 1883. He read law with Frye, Cotton & 
White, and was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in April, 1888, and verj^ 
soon after formed a copartnership with Hon. D. J. McGillicuddy, of Lewiston, 
which continued about two years, when that firm was dissolved and he opened 
an office in Auburn. Mr McCann served in 1889 as clerk of the common 
council of Auburn. In 1890 he was elected councilman from ward four, and 
was chosen president of the board. He was elected city treasurer in 1891. 

Edwin A. Smith, of Auburn, is a son of Rev. B. B. Smith, missionary to 
India, and was born in Balasore, Orissa, India. He was educated at the 
Nichols Latin School and Bates College, and was graduated in 1873. He was 
assistant editor of the Morntfuj Star, Dover, N. H., for six years. He read law 
in the office of Hutchinson & Savage at Lewiston, and was admitted to the 
Androscoggin bar in April, 1884. Mr Smith has not devoted much time to 
his profession, giving his attention more to journalism. He is now news editor 
of the Li'wixton Journal. 

The following gentlemen have been admitted to practice in tlie courts of 
this state by the Supreme Judicial Court in this county, a large majority 
of wliom have settled in other states or other counties in this state: 

1855 — August, Ezra M. Prince. 1856— January, W. H. McLellan, R. G. Blacker, G. C. Wright. 
1858— Ai)ril, Renjainin Dunn; August, Daniel W. Scrilmer. 185!)— April, John D. Storer. 1800 — 
Septeniher, Charles Walker. 1861 — January, O. A. Ellis, R. W. Carr, Hiram Knowlton; April, Her- 
rick C. Davis. 186(1 — January, E. G. Keyes, H. N. W. Hoyt, C. B. Rounds; April, Earl Byron Parker; 
lS(i7 — Septemher, Sanford S. Chapman. 1868— January, Horace R. Cheney, William F. Morrill; 
April, Clarence C. Frost. 180!) — April, Reuel Small. 1870 — January, I. N. Parker. 1871 — September, 
John Smith. 1872 — January, Everett A. Nash; April, Myron W. Jones, Dexter M. Small. 1875 — 
April, George E. Smith, CMiarles Bonney Ueade. 187(; — January, Israel P. tiuimhy; April, Freedom 
Hutchinson, Wm W. Sanborn. 1877 — January, Win Henry Ham, James Nash; April, F. M. Fogg; 
Septemb(!r, Frank D. Hale, Walter C. Leavitt, Irving C. Phillips. 1878— April, Chas M. Ham, Jerome 
Fish. 1879 — January, C. S. Libby; April, John H. Packard. 1880 — September, Frank C. Skinner. 
1881— April, George Hazen; Sei>tember, Simon C. Moseley. 1883— April, George D. Emery, H. A. 
Stirason. 1884 — Sept(!mber, John F. Merrill. 1885 — April, James E. Chandler, Edward J. Hatch, 
Morrill N. Drew; September, Fmery A. Tinkham, Edward N. Dingley. 1886— April, Aaron Beede, Jr; 
April, WmH.Orr. 1887— September, Pierre X. Augiers. 1888— January, Mellen A. Pingree. 1890— Jan- 
nary, George A. Goodwin; April, Edward T. Little. 1891— January, Sumner Hackett, L. W. Fales. 




LKWISTON'S FIRST CnV 15UILl)lN(i 



ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY 

(Eastern Division). 

TOWNS FROM LINCOLN AND KENNEBEC COUNTIES: 

Lewiston, Lisbon, Webster, W^ales, Greene, Leeds, East Livermore. 



LEWISTON 

By J. G. Elder. 



CHAPTER XVL 

The Town. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc. — Conditions of 
Grant — Pioneer Settlers — Incorporation — Growth — Civil List — City Officers. 

LEWISTON is ill north latitude 44° 5' 45", and 70° 10' west longitude. 
Its greatest length is II5 miles, and its greatest width is 6^ miles, and 
L it has an area of 35 square miles, or about 22,000 acres. The only body 
of water wholly in Lewiston is No Name Fond, one mile long and half a mile 
wide. It lies near Sabatis road, nearly four miles from the bridge. There is 
a small unimproved water-power at the outlet. There are some small streams. 
On several of these the early settlers erected lumber mills which long since 
disappeared. The surface is very uneven and considerably broken. This is 
especially true on the margin of the river, and in some places, extending a 
considerable distance from the river, the land is quite hilly, and the ledge 
occasionally crops out with more or less boldness. In some places the surface 
is quite level, but there are no plains and but little meadow land. While the 
surface is hilly and broken, it is not mountainous. Merrill Hill, formerly 
Randall Bill, is probably the highest elevation in the city, but its exact 
altitude has not been ascertained. David Mountain, which derives its name 
from Mr David Davis, the owner for many years, is a dome-shaped ledge 
whose summit is 389 feet above tide water, and 123 feet above Main street at 
the corner of Riverside. It is a ledge of mica-schist; the base is skirted with 
small trees and shrubbery, and occasionally a dwarf pine ; but near the summit 



344 History of Androscoggin County. 



there are a few plats of grass. Excavations to a considerable extent have been 
made on the northwesterly side of the mountain to obtain coarse stone for 
buildino- purposes. Mr Davis's heirs have given the summit of the mountain 
to Bates College with a right of way for an observatory, for which it is 
admirably fitted. Once upon the summit the eye catches a charming land- 
sca[)e which, when the atmospliere is clear, extends to the White Mountains, 
with a bird's-eye view of Lewiston and Auburn. The soil is a clayey loam, 
well adapted to agricultural purposes, and yields an average amount of 
produce. It is better adapted to the production of hay than to the growth of 
cereals, but corn, oats, and barley are grown in considerable quantities, and 
fruit is easily raised. Many of the farms whose soil is rugged produce excellent 
crops, and, although husbandry may not be the most lucrative employment, yet 
the industrious farmer is sure to realize an average income. Clay banks 
especially adapted to the manufacture of bricks are numerous near the 
"Falls," and are also found in the rural portions of the city. These have been 
extensively worked, and large quantities of bricks are annually manufactured. 
The southern part abounds in sandy loam and is admirably fitted for agri- 
cultural purposes. The primeval forest was composed of hard and soft woods, 
with the stately pine in abundance. The early settlers did much in manu- 
facturing pine lumber, and, in recent years, a large lumbering business was 
carried on by some enterprising citizens. The magnificent and romantic Lew- 
iston Falls, with its water-power, one of the best in New England (see page 38) 
is not only the most striking natural feature of the city, but the great source of 
its wealth. The falls were first called the Uppermost Falls of the Pejepscot, 
but for years after the first settlement were known as Harris Falls. The 
lakes at the source of the Androscoggin are now used for the storage of 
water, dams having been built by the Union Water-Power Company to 
increase their capacity as reservoirs. 

Gi'iint to Little and Baijley. — Tlie Pejepscot proprietors granted, January 
28, 1768, to Moses Little and Jonathan Bagley, of Newbury, Mass., the tract 
of land commencing at Twenty-Mile Falls on the Androscoggin, from thence 
to extend five miles up said river, from thence to extend northeast five miles, 
from thence southeast four miles, from thence south to'Androscoggin river, 
and so up the river to the falls. The conditions were that fifty families should 
be settled in as many houses before June 1, 1774, and a road be cleared 
to Royalsborough to meet the proprietors' road from Topsham. If less than 
fifty families were settled, only a proportion of the land was to be granted. 
The houses were to be "16x20 feet and 7 feet stud," and the town was named 
l^ewistown. This grant was rescinded in June, 1771, notwithstanding the efforts 
made to comply with its conditions. The proprietors recognized what had 
been done by Bagley and Little, without offering any compensation for their 
services. We are unable to determine under what conditions the settlement 



City of Lewiston. 345 



was prosecuted. It is evident that Bagley and Little took measures to secure 
their title; but it was not until 1790 that the grant "was confirmed." 

The First Settler. — Paul Hildreth moved into the plantation of "Lewis- 
town" in the autumn of 1770. He built his log cabin on the bank of the river, 
just below the Continental Mill. Mr Hildreth was a native of Dracut, Mass., 
and possessed a roving, as well as a resolute, spirit. He married Miss Hannah 
INIerrill of Nottingham, N. H., where, it is said, he resided for nearly a year 
before he took uj) his residence here. In the autumn of 1770 his cabin was 
burned, and the family spent the winter in New Gloucester, but returned to 
l^ewiston in the following spiing, where he resided, with the exception of a 
short time in 1788, when he lived in Litchfield, until about 1802; he then 
removed to Gardiner, and died there about 1830. Tradition relates many 
adventures experienced during the early settlement of the place, of marvelous 
contests with venomous wild beasts which invaded the sanctity of the settle- 
ment; of women frightened; of children pursued by bears; of the destruction 
of cattle by huge and ferocious catamounts ; of the dread experienced as the 
dusky forms of the aborigines were seen gliding through the forests in pursuit 
of game. With the pioneers life was a sad and checkered reality. A trackless 
forest, fifteen miles in extent, lay between them and the nearest white settle- 
ment. Provisions were frequently sliort, and once for four days they were 
witliout food or fire. During these days of fasting and anxiety, Mrs Hildreth 
and an infant wore the only persons in the settlement. Tradition also informs 
us that the first grant of land made by Bagley and Little was a present of fifty 
acres to Mrs Hildreth, as a testimonial of their respect for the first female 
settler of Lewiston. This tradition may be true, but so far no documents 
substantiate the claim. Mr Hildreth occupied this lot (No. 52 on the plan of 
Lewiston) until 17!>5, when he sold to Samuel Robinson, and took up a new 
lot. Hildreth established the first ferry in town, about half a mile below the 
falls, whicli passed into Robinson's hands. Mr Hildreth's family removed to 
(lardiner, where there are numerous descendants. 

Shortly after Hildreth came, David Pettengill, of New Gloucester, moved 
into the place. Mr Pettengill was a native of North Yarmouth, and born 
September 5, 1731. He married Mercy, daughter of Benjamin and Mercy 
(Eaton) Lake, November 23, 1758. Mr Pettengill settled on the lot south of 
Hildreth, where he lived during the winter of 1770-71, the only settler in the 
plantation during that winter. He resided on this lot until after the com- 
mencement of the Revolution, when he entered the army, from which he never 
returned. His son, Benjamin, also entered the army, and after his return 
settled in Auburn. David, who married Thankful Graffam, settled on the lot 
now known as the Converse Farr place, and died October 1, 1848, aged 82 
years. He had a family of eleven children, but only a small number of his 
descendants reside here. 



346 History of Androscoggin County. 



Lawrence J. Harris was the third settler, and came from Dracut, Mass., in 
the spring of 1771. Mr Harris had been here the previous autumn, and made 
arrangements towards a permanent settlement. It has been said that he was 
induced to settle by Bagle}^ and Little, who made very liberal offers of land, 
not only for himself but for his children. Li the fall of 1770 he got out the 
frame of a saw-mill, which was raised October 29, but not completed until tlie 
next season. Mr Harris settled on what was known, after the survey of the 
plantation (1773), as the mill lot and comprised about 100 acres about the 
falls. Tradition informs us that this lot was one of those which he was to 
receive for settling here. Mr Harris built a house on this lot, which was 
located just west of the Lower Maine Central depot, where he lived until his 
death in 1784. It does not now appear that Mr Harris ever had a deed of a 
foot of this lot. The proprietors acknowledged their indebtedness to him at 
the time of his death, in the sum of j£150, and in consideration of this conveyed 
to "Abner Harris, son and heir of Lawrence J. Harris, the whole of Mill lot, 
so-called," "excepting and reserving out of the same the mill privilege," also 
a piece of land 25 rods wide, extending from the "mill privilege" to the 
Hildreth lot. Abner Harris resided a sliort distance west of Lincoln street and 
a few rods north of the cross canal. The well connected with the house is now 
in constant use. In 1810 Mr Harris sold this farm, the mill lot, and the one 
known as the Haley farm, to Dan and Lemuel Read, for -f 3,500, and removed to 
Ohio. The Reads sold to the Littles, who by this transfer came into possession 
of the most valuable portion of the Little and Bagley claim. Mr Harris had a 
large family, and his son, Barron, was probably the first male child born in the 
plantation. Several of tliese children settled in (Ireene, where descendants 
now live. 

Asa Varnuni, supposed to have been the fourth settler, came from Dracut 
about 1772, and built a log house nearly in front of tlie westerly end of 
Central block, and very near the center of Main street. He was probably 
employed by Mr Harris in the saw-mill. His daughter, Abigail, born 
September 21, 1773, was the first child born in Lewiston. Mi- Varnum was 
drowned late in 1773, or the early part of 1774, nearly opposite the Catholic 
cemetery, while attemi)ting to pass Dresser's Rips in a boat. His widow, 
Abigail, married Benjamin Winslow, of North Yarmouth, October 4, 1774, 
and died March 11, 1801. Mr Varnum's daughter, Abigail, resided at North 
Yarmouth, in the Winslow family, until her death, December 17, 1846. 

Israel Herrick, ancestor of the Herricks in this vicinity, was a native of 
Topsfield, Mass., born December 3, 1721, and died in Lewiston, September 14, 
1782. He came February 1, 1774, and for a short time occupied a f)art of 
Amos Davis's house. Mr Herrick's was the eighth family in the plantation. 
His son, John, settled at Barker's Mills and married Lydia Graffam, of 
Falmouth, March 14, 1780. For many years he kept the only public house in 



City of Lewiston. 347 



town. The Herrick house, built in 1800, is still standing, and is one of the 
oldest in town. Mr Herrick was selectman for many years, chairman of the first 
board, a representative to the General Court of Massachusetts for seven years, 
and served as delegate in the convention which met October 11, 1819, at 
Portland, to frame the Constitution of Maine. In all these positions he 
performed his duties with singular fidelity and ability, and to the satisfaction 
of those who had confided these interests to his care. He died March 27, 
1834. His sons, Oliver and Ebenezer, were prominent men in town. Oliver 
commanded a company in the War of 1812, and was captured in the disastrous 
battle of Lake Champlain. vXfter his return he became colonel of his regiment. 
For several years he was selectman, represented his native town in the state 
legislature for a number of years, was postmaster under the Taylor administra- 
tion, and died July 4, 1852. Ebenezer was a man of talent and culture ; was 
delegate from Bowdoiidiam, where he then resided, to the convention which 
formed the constitution of Maine, in which he took an important part. Among 
the many able members of that convention, none were more clear in statement 
or more felicitous in expression. He was a representative to Congress from 
1821-9, and a state senator in 1828 and 1829. His son, Anson, was founder, 
editor, and proprietor of the New York Atlas. He was naval stored^eeper in 
New York under Buchanan, and in 1802-3 a member of Congress. 

Jesse Wright, of Dracut, settled in 1774 on the lot now known as the Diuvis 
Nevens farm, which he bought of Bagley and Little, May 29, 1774, for " three 
pounds of lawful money." The deed, still in existence, was acknowledged 
before Stephen Longfellow, of Portland, and witnessed by Nathan and Jonas 
Coburn. Mr Wright's first log house was just east of Meadow Brook. His 
brothers Joel and Timothy Wright came about 1777. 

Amos Davis moved in from New Gloucester in 1774. He was born May 12, 
1741, in Gloucester, Mass. Mr Davis, it is supposed, first settled on wliat has 
been known as the Marston farm, where he built a log house. Subsequently 
he built a house where is now the corner of Sabatis and Wood streets. He 
occupied this lot until his death, March 20, 1815. Mr Davis was a farmer, 
surveyor, and shoe-maker. In March, 1773, he was employed by the proprietors 
to make a survey of a part of the town. A plan of the town, made by him in 
1795, showing the names and residences of the settlers at that time, is still in 
existence. He was a leading member of the Friends society, and a very 
exemplary man. His son, David, who kept the first store at Lowell's corner, 
was the second male child born in Lewiston. His children, four sons and a 
daughter, settled in Lewiston and have many descendants. His daughter, 
Mary, married Seth Tarr. Mr Davis gave the land for the old burying-ground 
on Sabatis street, and erected, at his own expense, a small building within its 
present inclosure, which was occupied for some years as a meeting-house for 
the Friends society, and for a school-house. 



348 History of Androscoggin County. 



Jacob Barker came about 1774 and settled at Barker's Mills, on the lot 
next below John Herrick's, where he built a grist and saw mill. His son 
Cyrus inherited the farm, and his grandson, Nelson P. Barker, resided at the 
"Mills" for many years, and rebuilt them about 1836. 

James Garcelon with wife. Deliverance Annis, and six children, came in 
March, 1776, from Freeport. He was the son of Rev. Peter Garcelon, who 
graduated from a Roman Catholic college in Clermont, France, became a priest, 
and filled that position in London from 1721 to 1739, when he went to the 
island of Guernsey, renounced Romanism, and united with the Episcopalians; 
was ordained minister of a church called "St Peters in the Wood," which 
position he held for 32 years. James Garcelon was great-grandfather of 
Dr Alonzo Garcelon, H. G. Garcelon, Capt. J. S. Garcelon. He soon took up 
land five miles down tlie river, that made him and his sons farms, erected 
buildings, established Garcelon's Ferry, and opened his house to entertain' 
travelers. As this was when the settlement at the Falls was small and no 
bridge crossed thd river, most of the travel was across his ferry. Here he died 
November 13, 1813, aged 74. His wife died November 16, 1828, aged 93 years. 
Mr Garcelon had five sons and two daugliters. His sons settled near the 
"Ferry." James was for many years a Baptist clergyman, doing much 
missionary work in destitute [)laces, and died in 1838. William was one of 
the first merchants in town, and did an extensive business, was also engaged 
in lumbering and ship-building at Freeport. Lucy married Ezra Ames, and 
Sarah, the only child born in Lewiston, married Robert Moody. The Garcelon 
family have occupied a prominent place in the history of the town and city. 
Two of the family have been clergymen ; four, physicians (the most distin- 
guished of whom is ex-Governor Garcelon, who, at the age of 78, is prosecuting 
with undiminished energy the duties of an exacting and laborious profession). 

Josiah Mitchell came in the spring of 1776 and settled on the lot which had 
been taken up by Joel Thompson, who was then in the Revolutionary army. 
On his return the lot was divided and Mr Mitchell took the southwest end. 
He died August 19, 1832, leaving his farm to his son James. Mr Mitchell liad 
a family of seven sons and five daughters. 

Jonathan Hodgkin settled in Lewiston, April 1, 1777. His house was near 
the bank of the river a few rods above the Pingree steam mill. Subsequently 
he settled about four miles below the falls. He died February 2, 1814. Of his 
four children, one, Betsey, who married Lovell Lincoln, was a constant resident 
of Lewiston for more than 90 years. She was three years old when her father 
moved into the plantation. Mr Hodgkin came from Cape Ann. 

James Ames came from (Oakham, Mass., in 1785, and settled on the farm 
now owned by Noah Litchfield, which he bought of William (iarcelon. Mr 
Ames was a blacksmith, and undoubtedly the first one in Lewiston. He 
carried on blacksmithing in connection with his farm, and did excellent 



City of Lewiston. 349 



service for the settlers. Previous to his arrival the settlers were compelled to 
go to New Gloucester for the services of a blacksmith. Mr Ames kept a 
public house for many years. He died in 1815, and was buried in the old 
Garcelon burying-ground, on the bank of the river. His son Winslow cut his 
initials on a rude stone which marks his resting-place. This Winslow Ames 
was a man of considerable prominence in town affairs, and filled various offices. 
He was a member of the first board of selectmen, its chairman for two years, 
and captain of the Lewiston company of militia in 1801. Captain Ames was a 
man of fine presence and dignified bearing. 

In November, 1788, Dan Read came from Attleborough, Mass., and settled 
in Lewiston. Mr Read was a young man without any family. He married 
Susannah, daughter of Stephen Hart, of Lewiston. Soon after he came into 
the plantation he commenced teaching school, and was one of the earliest 
school teachers in the place. His education and ability soon brought him into 
prominence, and for more than 30 years, commencing with 1800, there was no 
more prominent man in town affairs. Mr Read was selectman for 26 years, 
chairman of the board for 12 years, town clerk for 15 years, representative to 
the General Court of Massachusetts, and a representative to the Legislature of 
Maine in 1820 and several subsequent years. He was the first postmaster in 
Lewiston, to which office he was appointed in 171>9, a position which he held 
until 1837. In all these various and important trusts he brought unquestioned 
ability and integrity, an honest and noble purpose, and he was gathered to his 
fathers after having attained the unusual age of 87 years. He died February 
15, 1851. Mr Read had eight sons and five daughters. 

Ebenezer Ham, grandfather of the late Colonel Ham, came from Shapleigh 
in March, 1789, and settled on a lot in the south part of Lewiston. He died in 
August, 1790. His son, James, married Mary Brooks, and lived on the farm 
until his death, February 1, 1854, aged 79 years. The farm is now in 
possession of the family, owned and occupied by Nelson Ham. James Ham 
was the father of Colonel Ham, and the grandfather of the late ex-Mayor J. R. 
Ham, of this city. 

John Marshall came here about 1780, and settled on the lot owned and 
occupied so long by Mr David Davis. Mr Marshall was a wheelwright. He 
removed from this place to Industry, about 1803. His son, Alfred, was a repre- 
sentative to Congress in 1841-2. Job Cole, the ancestor of the Coles in 
Lewiston, was a native of North Yarmouth. He first settled in Greene, but 
came here quite early and settled on what is now known as the Asa P. Taylor 
place. Mr Cole had a large, family of sons and daughters. His son. Rev. 
Benjamin Cole, was a Baptist clergyman for more than thirty years, preaching 
for the most of the time in Lewiston. Thomas Taylor came from Dracut, 
Mass., before 1788, and lived for many years on the place known as the Charles 
Taylor farm. This was one of the best farms in town and has remained in the 



350 History of Androscoggin County. 



Taylor family until recently. Mr Taylor's family consisted of ten sons and 
two dauo-hters. William Blaisdell came from North Yarmouth, and settled on 
the lot now occupied by Daniel Wood and others. He died in 1818, aged 70 
years. His son, C^olonel Walter R. Blaisdell, succeeded to the homestead, built 
the brick house near Mr Wood's, and died in 1831, aged 55 years. There are 
no descendants in the city. William (lolder came from New York when a 
young man, and purchased two lots of land in the Carville neigliborhood. He 
married Dorcas, daughter of John Dill. His family consisted of five sons and 
three daughters. Mr Golder died in 1846. One of his sons, Jacob, was for 
many years an honored and respected Baptist clergyman. Ezra Randall came 
from Bowdoinham about 1787, and settled on what has been known as the 
Randall place, near Thome's Corner, His first house, probably built before 
1700, is now standing, and is undoubtedly the oldest house in town. Mr 
Randall was for many years deacon of the Old South (Baptist) church. He 
died in 1850, aged 84 years. His son, Foster Lee Randall, succeeded to the 
estate, and has occupied it until recently. Deacon Randall married first. 
Miss Mary Whitten ; second. Miss Theoda Lee. Mr Randall had a family of 
seven sons and nine daughters. John Graffam married Elizabeth Davis, sister 
of Amos Davis, Sr, and settled here in 1770-7. They lived on the Captain 
William Jepson place. Mr Graffam had three sons and nine daughters. His son, 
John, married three wives, and had a family of ten sons and eight daughters. 

Among the early settlers were Henry and William Carville, brothers, and 
the ancestors of the Carvilles in town. Henry was in the Revolutionary 
War, and for many years was a pensioner. He died in 1823 and William in 1829. 
Peter Lenfest came here about 1777, and married Lydia, daughter of Lawrence 
J. Harris. Mr Lenfest was a native of the Isle of Guernsey, in the English 
Channel. The house which he occupied for nearly 30 years is still standing. 
He had eight sons and four daughters. He died in 1820. His daughter, 
Lydia, married Israel Glidden, who owned the Lenfest estate for many years. 
Joel Thompson, a Revolutionary soldier, came quite early into the plantation 
and settled on what is even now known as the Thompson place, on the 
Webster road. He came from Topsham. Mr Thompson had six sons and 
five daughters. T. B. Thompson was one of his sons. Mr Thompson was 
one of the prominent men in the early history of the town, and filled many 
official positions, was a representative to the General Court of Massachusetts, 
for several years a member of the board of selectmen, town clerk, and colonel 
of his regiment of militia, in all of which positions he showed ability. Colonel 
Thompson died in 1841, aged 87 years. Caleb Barker came here very early 
and settled on the Colonel Ham place. His son, Jacob, came into possession 
of the place and became quite a wealthy farmer. He died in 1824, aged 57 
years. After his death the farm became the property of his son-in-law, the 
late Colonel Ebenezer Ham, who remained in possession until his death. 



City of Lewiston. 351 



Joseph Field was a native of Northampton, Mass., and came from Freeport to 
Lewiston. He settled on the place now occupied by tlie venerable Deacon 
Stephen Davis, and died there in 1815, aged 66 years. Deacon Field " fought 
at Bunker Hill." Oidy a few of his descendants now remain in Lewiston. 
Tobias Ham was one of the early settlers. He was a native of Brunswick, 
and married Elizabeth Herrick, sister of John Herrick, Esq. His farm was on 
the Webster road, some two miles from the city. He died in 1812, aged 
60 years. 

The growth of the southern part of the plantation was slow, the settlement 
incorporated as Greene, in 1788, attracting more. In 17*J0 Lewiston had 532 
inhabitants, and, February 18, 1795, it was incorporated the ninety-fifth town, 
with these boundaries: Beginning at the bank of Androscoggin river at the 
most westerly corner of the town of Greene, thence running southeast on the 
southerly line of Greene about 6 miles to the Plymouth Com[)any's claim, 6 
miles and 230 rods, thence soutliwest about 260 rods to Androscoggin river, 
thence northerly by said river to the bounds first mentioned. Daniel Davis 
was empowered by Benjamin Merrill, Esq., of Greene, to call the first 
town meeting, which was lield at the house of Jedediah Morrell, April 
6,171*5. John Herrick was clKxsen moderator; Noah Litchfield, clerk; John 
Herrick, Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames, James Garcelon, Daniel Davis, 
selectmen; Abner Harris, treasurer; Nathan Cutler, collector; James Ames, 
Nathan Cutler, constables; Nathan Cutler, Abner Harris, David Pettengill, 
Bobert Anderson, Ezra Furrinton, James Garcelon, James Turner, Joel Wright, 
Amos Davis, Jr, highway surveyors; John Marshall, Oliver l^arron, Benjamin 
Moors, Mark Garcelon, surveyors of lumber; Samuel llobinson, Ezra 
Furrinton, field drivers; Joseph Fields, William Blaisdell, Joel Wright, 
William Garcelon, " tiding-men " ; Michael Little, Samuel Stephens, Ezra 
Furrinton, Thomas Kann, William (lolder, Jacob Baiker, hog-reeves. In 
1807 Lewiston cast 40 votes for, 46 against separation from Massachusetts; 
in 1816 73 votes for, 83 against separation; in 1819 on the same (question 
92 voted for, 36 against, llie vote to adopt the state constitution stood 6C) in 
favor, 1 opposed. In the War of 1812 Captain Oliver Herrick raised a 
company which served in 1813 on Lake Chanq)lain. Samuel R. Read, John 
P. Read, and Jonathan Ray were prisoners at Montreal and Quebec for one 
year from July, 1813. In September, 1814, Colonel Walter R. Blaisdell's 
regiment of militia was ordered into service. Two companies were from 
Lewiston, the North company, under Captain Nathaniel Sleeper, and the 
South company, under Captain George Williams. They were in service less 
than a month, but a small number drafted from them served some months. 

It was not until the water-power was developed that Lewiston was anything 
more than a prosperous farming town, and its rapid growth is due to the 
application of that power by sagacious capitalists. In 1800 the population was 



352 History op Androscoggin County. 



948; 1810, 1,0^^8; 1820, 1,312; 1830, 1,549; 1840, 1,810. From 1840 there has 
been a wondrous growth, keeping pace with the increase in manufacturing. 
In March, 1849, the Androscoggin and Kennebec Raih-oad was completed as far 
as Lewiston, and the first engine crossed the bridge March 24th. Among the 
corporators were William II. Frye, James Lowell, Nathan Reynolds, N. B. 
Reynolds, John M. Frye, and Calvin Gorham, of Lewiston. In 1861 the 
Androscoggin railroad was opened for travel to Lewiston. These facilities 
brouo-ht large numbers of residents, and the town two years later became a city, 
which now bids fair to be the metropolis of Maine. 

Civil IjIST.— Town Clerks— 'Noah Litclifiekl, 1795 to 1800; Dan Read, 1801 to 1807, 1811, 1812, 181G 
to 182;?; Winslow Ames, 1802; Joel Thompson, 1808 to 1810, 1813 to 1815; Nathan Reynolds, 1821; 
William Ciarcelon, 1824 to 1830; Stephen H. Read, 1831 to 1834; John M. Frye, 1835; Samnel G. 
Phillips, 1836 to 1838; Edward P. Tobie, 1839 to 18fi2 except 1850 when John Smith was elected. 

Selectmen. — 1795, John Herrick, Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames, James Garcelon, Daniel Davis; 
1796, William Garcelon, Daniel Davis, John Herrick; 1797, 1798, John Herrick, Joel Thompson, 
Winslow Ames; 1799, Oliver Barron, Ezra Randall, Winslow Ames; 1800, Winslow Ames, Dan Read, 
Oliver P>arron ; 1801, Dan Read, Oliver Barron, Joel Thompson; 1802, Winslow Ames, Noah Litch- 
field, Ezra Randall; 1803, Winslow Ames, Dan Read, Ezra Randall; 1804, 1805, 1806, Dan Read, 
Daniel Davis, Winslow Ames; 1807, Dan Read, Joel Thompson, Oliver Herrick; 1808, 1809. Joel 
Thompson, Winslow Ames, Ezra Randall; 1810, Joel Tliompson, Dan Read, Winslow Ames; 1811, 
1812, Dan Read, Joel Thompson, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1813, Joel Thompson, William Garcelon, 
Winslow Ames; 1814, 1815, Joel Tliompson, Dan Read, William Garcelon; 1816, 1817, Dan Read, 
William Garcelon, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1818, 1819, 1820, Dan Read, William Garcelon, Calvin Gorham; 
1821, Oliver Herrick, Nathan Reynolds, William Dingley; 1822, Oliver Herrick, Dan Read, William 
Dingley; 1823, Dan Read, William Garcelon, William Dingley; 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, William 
Garcelon, Dan Read, William Dingley; 1828, 1829, William Garcelon, Dan Read, Walter R. Blaisdell; 
1830, William Garcelon, William Dingley, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1831, William Garcelon, Stephen H. 
Read, John M. Frye; 1832, 1833, Stephen H. Read, John M. Frye, Samuel D. Garcelon; 1834, Stephen 
H. Read, Samuel D. Garcelon, Reuben Rand; 1835, Samuel D. Garcelon, Reuben Rand, Jeremiah 
Stanford; 183(i, Samuel D. Garcelon, Ebenezer Ham, Daniel Garcelon; 1837, 1838, Ebenezer Ham, 
Stephen 11. Read, Phineas Wright; 1839, Samuel D. Garcelon, William Garcelon, Samuel Litchfield; 
1840, Stephen H. Read, Ebenezer Ham, Reuben Rand; 1841, Ebenezer Ham, Reuben Rand, Mark 
Jjowell; 1842, Reuben Rand, Arthur Jameson, Ebenezer Ham; 1843, Ebenezer Ham, Arthur Jameson, 
James Carville; 1844, Ebenezer Ham, James Carville, Aaron I). Thorne; 1845, Stephen H. Read, 
Samuel D. Garcelon, Samuel Litchfield; 1846, Stephen H. Read, Stephen Davis, Samuel D. Garcelon; 
1847, Stephen H. Read, Ebenezer Ham, Daniel Garcelon; 1848, William R. Frye, Samuel D. (Jarcelou, 
Mark Lowell; 1849, William R. Frye, Mark Lowell, Reuben Rand; 1850, Ebenezer Ham, Sanmel D. 
Garcelon, Ham Brooks; 1851, William R. Frye, Ham Brooks, Reuben Rand; 1852, Stephen H. Read, 
Ham Brooks, John B. Jones; 1853, 1854, William R. Frye, Ebenezer Ham, Joseph S. Garcelon; 1855, 
John Read, Joseph S. Garcelon, Mark Lowell; 1856, Joseph S. Garcelon, ICbenezer Ham, Isaac N, 
Parker; 1857. William R. Frye, Howe Weeks, Archibald Wakefield; 1858, Isaac N. Parker, Timothy 
Walker, Joshua Merrill; 1859, William R. Frye, Jacob B. Ham, Archibald W^akefield; 1860, Jacob B. 
Ham, Mark Lowell, Abial M. Jones; 1861, Jacob B. Ham, Mark Lowell, Thomas Crowley; 1862, Jacob 
B. Ham, Mark Lowell, Isaac N. Parker. 

CITY OF LEWISTON. — The act to incorporate the city of Lewiston 
was approved March 15, 1861, and adopted by the town November 22, 1862. 
The first city election was in March, 1863, and the first Mayor was inaugurated 
March 16. 

City Governments. — 18G3—Ma?/or, Jacob B. Flam; Aldermen, Ste^phen I. Abbott, 
David M. Ayer, Edward Clark, Marshall French, Abial M. Jones, Samuel W. Kilvert, 
Thomas D. Thorne; Councilnien, lihodes A. Budloug, George A. Clark, Jeremiah Crowley, 



City of Lewiston. 353 



Jr, Ezekiel S. Davis, Hersey Day, Joseph S. Garcelon, William F. Garcelon, Cyrus Greely, 
Converse J. Pettengill, George H. Pilsbury, Jordan K. Piper, John Y. Scruton, William H. 
Stevens, James Wood, Josiah G. Coburn ; Clerk, Edward P. Tohie ; Marshal, Isaac N. 
Parker. 

1864 — Mayor, Jacob B. Ilam; AUkrmcn, Abial M. Jones, Samuel W. Kilvert, Alonzo 
Garcelon, Linneus Chcetham, Josiah G. Coburn, Stephen I. Abbott, Edward Clark; 
Coimcilmcn, Seth Chandler, Daniel Holland, Converse J. Pettengill, Josiah Day, Cyrus 
Greely, Alphens C. Locke, Timothy E. Fogg, John Y. Scruton, George Webb, George H. 
Chandler, Samuel E. May, A. Byron Reed, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Henry C. Goodenow, 
George H. Pilsbuiy, Jordan K. Piper, William S. Rogers, Chester C Thing, Joseph 
Blethen, John B. Garcelon, William H. Stevens; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Isaac 
N. Parker. 

1865 — Mayor, William P. Frye; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Josiah Day, Timothy E. 
Fogg, Henry C. Goodenow, Marshall French, Lorenzo L. Shaw (resigned), Allen P. 
Winslow (elected to fill the vacancy), George H. Pilsbury; Coimcilmen, Daniel Holland, 
Converse J. Pettengill, Lewis C. Peck, Lothrop L. Blake, Cyrus Greely, John N. Wood, 
George Webb, Theophilus B. Thompson, Plummcr C Tarbox, George n. Chandler, 
Benjamin R. Cotton, Albert 0. Morgan, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Wells W. Ayer, George A. 
Clark, William S. Rogers, Benjamin A. Bailey, R. E. Patterscm, Joseph Blethen, John B. 
Garcelon, William H. Stevens; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, R. Jordan. 

\'S(M\ — Mayor, William P. Frye; Aldermen, Daniel Holland, Samuel W. Kilvert, Tim- 
othy E. Fogg, Henry C. Goodenow, Marshall French, Benjamin A. Bailey, George H. 
Pilsbury, Seth Chandler (resigned), Albert O. Morgan (elected to fill the vacancy) ; 
Councilmen, Lewis C. Peck, Thomas D. Thorne, Sylvanus D. Thomas, Ransom C. Pingree, 
John Goss, John H. Randall, Theophilus B. Thompson, George Webb, Plummcr C. Tarbox, 
Albert 0. Morgan, Emery O. Bicknell, Ira W. Coburn, George A. Clark, Wells W. Ayer, 
John W. Danielson, Sanuiel W. Parmenter, John W. Farwell, Edward M. Dearborn, D. B. 
Sanderson, Noah Litchfield, Horace B. Bartlett, Joshua D. Rollins; Clerk, Edward P. 
Tobie; Marshal, William H. Waldron. 

1867 — Mayor, George H. Pilsbury; Aldermen, Thomas D. Thorne, Ransom C. Pingree, 
IMark Lowell, Albert 0. Morgan, George A. Clark, Jordan K. Piper, Ebenezer Ham; 
Councilmen, Abial M. Jones, David T. French, A. K. P. Knowlton, John Goss, Albert B. 
Nealey, Levi W. Gilman, Isaac G. Curtis, Isaac R. Hall, James B. Tracy, Ira W. Coburn, 
John D. Stetson, James Wrigley, Josiah G. Coburn, John W. Danielson, Samuel B. Harmon, 
Samuel B. Parmenter, John W. Farwell, George W. Bean, Horace B. Bartlett, Noah 
Litchfield, Natt E. Davis, Lyman Prescott (resigned, aud Pardon N. Dexter elected); 
Clerk, Edward P. Tobie ; Marshal, Warren P. Laughton. 

1808 — M«y/or, Isaac N. Parker; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones (resigned). Ransom C. 
Pingree, Patrick McGillicuddy, Jesse S. Lyford, James Sands (resigned), Stephen I. 
Abbott, Horace B. Bartlett, Joseph P. Fessendeu (to fill vacancy), William J. Buruham (to 
fill vacancy); Coimcilmen, A. K. P. Knowlton, James Wood, Dan Whittum, Albert B. 
Nealey, Joel Nevens, Seth Chandler, George Webb, Theophilus B. Thompson, Harmon 
Dixon, James Wrigley, William H. Monroe, John A. Rodick, Josiah G. Coburn, David 
Cowan, Benjamin T. Emery, John W. Farwell, Pardon N. Dexter, John B. Cotton, Joseph 
Blethen, Daniel B. Jones, John B. Garcelon; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Isaac 
S. Faunce. 

1869 — Mayor, Isaac N. Parker; Aldermen, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Jacob B. Ham, 
Milton C. Wedgwood, James Wrigley, William J. Buruham, Stephen I. Abbott, Noah 
Litchfield; Councilmen, John F. Putnam, John N. Wood, Daniel Wood, William Robinson, 
Martin A. Jones, William F. Garcelon, Joseph H. Day, C. I. Barker, H. H. Richardson, 



354 History of Androscoggin County. 



John A. Rodick, George Hauson, Horace W. Barber, Josiah G. Coburn, David Cowan, 
Richard R. Ricker, John W. Farwell, Ehjah M. Shaw, Joseph A. Pierce, John B. Garcelou, 
Jason Rand, Daniel B. Jones; Clerh, Edward P. Tohie; Marshal, Isaac S. Faunce. 

\%7()^ Mayor, William H. Stevens; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Mandcville T. 
Ludden, Alonzo Garcelon, Isaac C. Dowues, William S. Rogers, Horace B. Bartlett, David 
Cowan; Councihncn, John F. Putnam, Alonzo D. Morton, Albert B. Furbush, Edward H. 
Cummings, Albert E. Frost, J. L. H. Cobb, Cyrus I. Barker, Roscoe C. Reynolds, H. H. 
Richardson, Aaron D. Thorne, Buel W. Dean, Rufus Carr, Richard R. Ricker, Cyrus 
Greely, Josiah G. Coburn, Benjamin P. Lowell, Joseph A. Pierce, Robert D. Sutherland, 
Jr, Jesse T. Stevens, William R. Wright, James Garcelou, 3d; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; 
Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. 

1871— Mayor, Alonzo Garcelou; Aldermen, John F. Putnam, Mandeville T. Ludden, 
David F. Noyes, George A. Drew, David Cowan, Stephen I. Abbott (resigned), Joseph P. 
Gill, William S. Rogers (to fill vacancy); Counellmcn, Alonzo B. Morton, Albert B. 
Furbush, Abial M. Jones, Albert E. Frost, George A. Callahan, Benjamin Litchfield, 
Roscoe C. Reynolds, Thomas Ward, Eli B. Clark, Rufus Carr, John Riley, T. B. Rowell, 
Josiah G. Coburn, Cyrus Greely, Charles P. Wellman, Richard Skelton, David Phete- 
place, Eaton Patterson (resigned), William J. Rodick, William R. Wright, George W. 
Crockett, Benjamin A. Bailey (to fill vacancy); Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Roscoe 
C. Reynolds (resigned); Ham Brooks (elected to fill vacancy). 

1872 — Mayor, David Cowan; Aldermen, John F. Putnam, William F. Garcelon, Cyrus 
I. Barker, Ezekiel S. Davis, Cyrus Greely, William S. Rogers, Horace B. Bartlett; 
Councdmen, Abial M. Jones, Joseph H. Day, Alonzo E. Jackson, George A. Callahan, 
Benjamin Litchfield, Ai Brooks, Abial Daley, Nathaniel E. Skelton, Phil P. Getchell, 
Herbert C. Bradford, 0. M. Maxwell, Linneus Cheetham, Josiah G. Coburn, N. R. 
Lougee, Horace C. Little, Richard Skelton, Benjamin A. Bailey, David Pheteplace, 
John Goss, William F. Morrell, John S. P. Ham; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, H. 
H. Richardson. 

J873 — ilfaj/or, Nathan W. Farwell; Aldermen, 'R'A,ns,om C Piugree, William F. Gar- 
celon, Alonzo Garcelon, George A. Drew, Cyrus Greely, A. J. Morse, Horace B Bartlett; 
CoiincUmen, Joseph H. Day, Daniel Holland, J. L. H. Cobb, Ai Brooks, Samuel W. Libby, 
Pluramer C. Tarbox, James M. Small, Patrick McGillicuddy, A. L. Goss, Frank A. Conant, 
John Brophy, John H. Gooch, Edmund Russell, Z. H. Spinney, Charles H. Perkins, Joseph 
W. Quimby, Hiram Snow, Byron W. Getchell, Abel Goddard, Joseph Miller, William J. 
Rodick; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, H. H. Richardson. 

1874 — Mayor, H. H. Dickey; Aldermen, Ransom C. Pingree, A. Wakefield, David F. 
Noyes, Michael A. Ward, Thoraas Fillebrown, James Dempsey, Horace B. Bartlett; 
Councdmen, Abial M. Jones, John Y. Scruton, Benjamin F. Clough, Samuel W. Libby, 
Pluramer C. Tarbox, Frederick B. Spi-ague, Jabez W. Murray, Moses D. Golder, William 
Collins, George Pottle, John Brophy, Clinton B. Heath, Edmund Russell, A. B. Watson, 
William D. Pennell, Edwin D. Wiggin, John Scott, Wilson Moody, Nathan W. Dutton, 
Joseph Miller, Gideon Perkins; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, David F. Noyes. 

1875 — Mayor, Edmund Russell; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Warren E. Pressey, Alonzo 
Garcelon, Isaac C Dowues, William D. Pennell, David Pheteplace, Charles C. Cobb; 
Councdmen, John Y. Scruton, Benjamin F. Clough, Sylvauus D. Thomas, George S. 
Follansbee, George A. Chandler, Nelson Howard, William Collins, Patrick McGillicuddy, 
Selden A. Cummings, Thomas W. Murch, Thomas D. Thorne, Charles H. Hobbs, A. B. 
Watson, John H. Stetson, Milton C. Wedgwood, B. W. Getchell, Joseph J. Davis, Albert 
Cook, Nathan W. Dutton, D. Horace Holman, Gideon Perkins; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie 
(dec); Everett A. Nash ( to fill vacancy); Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. 



City of Lewiston. 355 



1876 — 3Iai/or, Edmund Russell ; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Warren E. Pressey, Alonzo 
Garcelon, Thomas Ward, William D. Pennell, Albert Cook, Charles C. Cobb; Councilmen, 
John Y. Scruton, Sylvanus D. Thomas, Frank E. Sleeper, Nelson Howard, Joseph W. 
Perkins, Albert E. Frost, William Collins, Patrick McGillicuddy, Moses D. Goldor, George 
A. Drew, William Leader, Ervin V. Daly, John H. Stetson, John Garner, George A. 
Chandler, Menander Dennett, Hillman Smith, Frank E. Severance, D. Horace Holman, 
Joseph Bletlien, Daniel B. Jones; Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. 

\S77 — 3Ia>/or, Ednumd Russell; Aldermen, J. L. H. Cobb, Nelson Howard, Alonzo 
Garcelon, Jesse S. Lyford, William D. Pennell, Dennis J. Callahan, John B. Garcelon ; 
Councilmen, John Y. Scruton, Frank E. Sleeper, David B. Strout, Albert E. Frost, Joseph 
W. Perkins, Jacob L. Hayes, Alfred M. Hitchcock, William C Bailey, Selden A. Cummiugs, 
Timothy J. Murphy, Ervin V. Daly ( resigned ), Richard Burke, George A. Chandler, John 
Garner, F'red B. Sands, Cyrus Haskell, Wilson Moody, G. G. Berry, Joseph S. Garcelon, 
Liberty H. Hutchinson, Frank W. Parker, W. W. Sanborn (to fill vacancy); Clerk, Everett 
A. Nash; Marshal, Warren P. Laughton. 

1878 — Mayor, Jesse S. Lyford; Aldermen, Joseph H. Day, Oliver Newman, Patrick 
McGillicuddy, Michael Eagan, John Garner, Dennis J. Callahan, William J. Rodick; 
Councilmen, David B. Strout, Joseph K. Blanchard, Silas W. Cook, Roscoe C Reynolds, 
Timothy O. Callahan, George G. Hartwell, Alfred M. Hitchcock, Calvin W. Clark, Thomas 
Sugrue, Timothy J. Murphy, Richard Burke, William W. Sanborn, Fred B. Sands, Richard 
R. Kicker, Isaac Goddard, Jr, Giles G. Berry, Wilson Moody, Cyrus Haskell, John W. 
West, Isaac A. Hayes, Ezra C. Kilgore; Clerk, Fred D. Lyford ; Marshal, John C. Quinby. 

\87^ — Mayor, Joseph H. Day; Aldermen, David B. Strout, William F. Garcelon, George 
F. French, Dennis J. Callahan, John Garner, James Chandley, Maudeville T. Luddeu; 
Councilmen, Joseph K. Blanchard, Silas W. Cook, Seth Chandler, John Given, Plummer C. 
Tarbox, RendiiU Dresser, Calvin W. Clark, Thomas Sugrue, William Collins, John Brophy, 
Thomas Kelley, William W. Sanborn, Fred B. Sands, Richard R. Ricker, William Lydston, 
Wilson Moody, Cyrus Haskell, Thomas Murphy, Daniel Allen, Elbridge G. Woodside, 
Andrew J. Hinckley; Clerk, Charles F. Goss; Marshal, Hillman Smith. 

\%m — Mayor, Joseph H. Day; Aldermen, David B. Strout, Liberty H. Hutchinson, 
Alonzo M. Garcelon, Dennis J. Callahan, Fred B. Sands, James Chandley, Nathan W. 
Dutton; CouncHmen, Joseph K. Blanchard, Addison Small, Seth Chandler, Rendall 
Dresser, Henry A. Torsey, Fred H. White, William Collins, Frank W. Martin, Thomas 
Sugrue, Royal Quimby, John Brophy, Eben Murch, William Lydston, Charles Horbury, 
Cyrus Greely, Palmer C. Thompson, John B. Smith, L. LeFebvre, Elbridge G- Woodside, 
Melvin J. Googin, Daniel Allen; Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Hillman Smith. 

l^m — Mayor, Mandeville T. Ludden ; Aldermen, Seth Chandler, Liberty H. Hutch- 
inson, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, William Lydston, John B. Smith, Nathan 
W\ Dutton; Councilmen, Addison Small, Isaac C. Merrill, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Henry A. 
Torsey, Fred H. White, Adelbert D. Cornish, Selden A. Cummings, Charles W. Waldron, 
Fred H. Thornton, Eben Murch, George W. Furbush, Joseph D. Montmarquet, Charles 
Horbury, Cyrus Greely, Fred F. Garcelon, Cyrus Haskell, George F. Drew, Leon LeFebvre, 
Melvin J. Googin, Leonard P. Woodbury, William W. Clough; C'terA, Everett A.Nash; 
Marshal, Hillman Smith. 

1882 — ilfa^or, David Farrar; Aldermen, Seth Chandler, Jacob L. Hayes, Howard N. 
Wagg, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, Cyrus Greely, John B. Smith, Horace B. Bartlett; Coun- 
cilmen, Adelbert D. Cornish, Charles D. Lemont, Horace Libby, Sylvanus B. Hayes, 
Thomas B. Longley, Isaac C. Merrill, William Collins, Benjamin F. Peterson, Thomas 
Mansfield, George W. Furbush. Joseph D. Montmarquet, Everett 0. Hilton, Fred F, 
Garcelon, Simeon H. Murray, Magloire Phaneuf, George F. Drew, Joseph E. Cloutier. 



356 History of Androscoggin County. 



Daniel Finn, Frank W. Parker, Albert L. Templeton, William W. Clough ; Clerk, Everett 
A. Nash; Marshal, Hillman Smith. 

1883 — Mayor, Alouzo M. Garcelon; Aldermen, Fessendeu I. Day, Charles C. Wilson, 
Howard N Wagg, Moses D. Golder, Sanmel Booth, Cornelius O'Connell, Archie L. Talbot; 
Councihiien, Thomas H. Lougley, Charles H. Miller, Albion K. Ordway, Roscoe C. 
Reynolds, John A. Tracy, Oren A. Norton, William Collins, Benjamin F. Peterson, George 
W. Ham, 0. Everett Hilton, Timothy F. Callahan, Frank Peltier, Stanislas Marcous, 
Josiah G. Coburn, James Vaughn, Joseph E. Cloutier, John J. Burke, Jonathan F. 
Herrick, George G. Wagg, Albert L. Templeton, Frank W. Parker; Clerk, William J. 
Rodick; Marshal, George W. Metcalf. 

1884 — Mayor, Nelscm Howard; Aldermen, Fessenden I. Day, Albert E. Frost, Howard 
N. Wagg, Timothy F. Callahan, Samuel Booth, Cornelius O'Connell, Archie L. Talbot; 
Councilmen, Charles H. Miller, Albion K. Ordway, Edwin H. Woodside, Isaac C. Dowues, 
Charles S. Crowell, Charles D. Lemont, Cornelius J. Callahan, S. A. Baker, John E. Gagne, 
William Leader, Cleophas Thibault; Fred E. Loavitt, Stanislas Marcous, James Vaughn, 
Nathaniel W. Tarbox, John Scott, Charles Marchand, Anthony E. McDonough, George G. 
Wagg, Frank L. Hoyt, Ivory W. Emerson; Clerk, William J. Rodick; Marshal, James 

A. O'Brien (acting). 

1885 — Mayor, Charles Walker; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Roscoe C. Reynolds, 
Alonzo M. Garcelon, Timothy F. Callahan, Charles H. Osgood, Anthony E. McDonough, 
Frank W. Parker; Councilmen, Edwin H. Woodside, James T. Small, Everett A. Nash, 
Orin A. Norton, Alva D. Barker, Isaac M. Blake, Cornelius J. Callahan, Michael A. Ward, 
Fred E. Leavitt, William Leader, Louis Joncas, Charles E. Morgan, Magloirc Phaneuf, 
Mathew McGawley, Wells H. Bates, Charles 0. Godwin, Jeremiah F. Sullivan, Eli Roi, Frank 
L. Hoyt, Ivory W. Emerson, Frank L. Noble; Clerk, Wm J. Rodick ; Marshal, John French. 

\Q%Q— Mayor, David Cowan; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Rendall Dresser, Charles 
G. English, Timothy Callahan, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank W. Parker; 
Councilmen, Everett A. Nash, Isaac S. Faunce, James T. Tarbox, Isaac M. Blake, Charles 
D. Lemont, Edward Webb, Cornelius J. Callahan, Michael A. Ward, Benjamin F. Getchell, 
William Leader, Louis Joncas, Charles E. Morgan, Edwin C. Douglas, Israel B. Merrill, 
George W. Goss, James McManus, Charles 0. Paradis, John O'Rourke, Frank L. Noble, 
Alonzo W. Sturges, Byron S. Adams; Clerk, John Sabin; Marshal, Daniel Guptill. 

1887 — Mayor, Daniel J. McGillicuddy; Aldermen, Everett A. Nash, Alva D. Barker, 
Michael A. Coyne, Frank A. Couant, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank L. Hoyt; 
Councilmen, Isaac S. Faunce, James T. Tarbox, Albert S. Pluramer, Isaac M. Blake, Cyrus 
M. Luut, George F. Reynolds, Benjamin F. Getchell, Newton J. Wedgwood, Thomas 
Robinson, William Leader, Charles E. Morgan, John E. Gagne, Edwin C. Douglas, Israel 

B. Morrill, George W. Goss, James McManus, Alfred W. Maillet, Menander Dennett, 
Alonzo W. Sturges, Byron S. Adams, Charles 0. Morrell; Clerk, John Sabin; Marshal, 
Daniel Guptill. 

1888 — Mayor, Horace C. Little; Aldermen, Wallace H. White, Alva D. Barker, 
Michael A. Coyne, Fred L. Tarr, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank L. Hoyt; 
CouncHmcn, Albert S. Plummer, J. Frank Boothby, William F. Wood, Cyrus M. Lunt, 
Charles S. Crowell, Eben W. Dresser, Newton J. Wedgwood, Thomas Robinson, Alexander 
McWilliams, Augustus Marcous, Frank H. Johnson, Charles C. Benson, William Scott, 
James M. Sherman, Henri Lezotte, Menander Dennett, Alfred W. Maillett, Patrick J, 
Flaherty, Abram W. Garcelon, Charles 0. Morrell, William A. Libby; Clerk, John F. 
Putnam ; Marshal, Selden A. Cunnniugs. 

\^m — Mayor, Horace C. Little; Aldermen, Wallace H. White, Cyrus M. Lunt, 
Napoleon B. Stockbridge, Charles C. IJenson, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, James L. Kenney, 



City of Lewiston. 357 



Charles O. Morrell; Councilmen, William F. Wood, J. Frank Bootliby, William T. Smart, 
Ebeu W. Dresser, Benjamin Litchfield, Michael P. McGillicuddy, James J. Mottram, 
Edwin K. Smith, Frank Wright, Martin A. Ward, George W. Cappers, Ossian N. Briggs, 
James M. Sherman, Henry Lezotte, Daniel E. Murphy, John O'Roiivke, Patrick J. 
Flaherty, Cornelius W. Murphy, William A. Libby, Abram W. Garcelon, George M. 
Coombs ; Clerk, John F. Putnam ; Marshdl, Selden A. Cummings. 

]8W— Mni/or, Daniel J. McGillicuddy; Aldermen, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Cyrus M. Lunt, 
Henry Hines, Patrick J. Cronin, Louis J. Martel, John L. Kenney, William A. Libby; 
Councilmen, Samuel C. Leslie, Jr, George D. Armstrong, George W. Goss, Michael C. 
McGillicuddy, George C. Judkins, Jacob L. Hayes, George E. Harrison, Josiah B. Longley, 
Louis Langelior, Ossian N. Briggs, Oliver A. Frasier, Mathew McGawley, W. D. Crafts, 
John E. Gagne, Cornelius Russell, Frank Peltier, Cornelius W. Murphy, George W. 
Coombs, Andrew L. Marble, David A. Scanned; Clerk, Francois X. Bellcan; Marshal, 
Mathew McGawley. 

Wd\— Mayor, William H. Newell; Aldermen, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Cyrus M. Lunt, 
Henry Hines, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Louis J. Martel, C. W. Murphy, William A. Libby; 
Councilmen, Samuel C. Leslie, Jr, George W. Goss, George M. Kavanaugh, Michael P. 
McGillicuddy, George C. Judkins, Jacob L. Hayes, Josiah B. Longley, Cornelius O'Connell, 
P. M. Doyle, Clcophas Thibeault, William Leader, George Welpley, John J. Sheehan, Regis 
Provost, A. K. P. Harvey, Cornelius Russell, Frank Peltier, William Scott, David A. 
Scannell, A. Llewellyn Marble, Arion C. Peirce; Clerk, Francois X. Belleau; Marshal, 
Mathew McGawley. Treasurers, David Farrar, from 1862 to 1871 ; John S. Adams, 1872; 
David Farrar, 1873 to 1877; A. Wakefield, 1878; David Farrar, 1879 to 1881; A. M. Jones, 
1882; Charles Walker, 1883 to 1885; David Farrar, 1886 to 1889; Seth D. Wakefield, 
1890, 1891. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

Ecclesiastical History —Church Organizations — Schools. 

THE BAPTISTS. The Old South Church. — hi 1783 Rev. James Potter, 
of Bowdoinham, Me, a Baptist preacher, made his first missionary tour 
to the then plantation of Lewiston, undoubtedly the first minister who 
visited the place. Mr Potter relates in his autobiography the circumstances 
and incidents connected with his first visit. His success was complete, but no 
effort was made to organize a church or society until 17H9, and then a 
conference only was instituted, and the ordinances administered once in four 
months. The conference was composed of members residing in Lewiston, 
Greene, Bowdoin (now Webster), Freeport, Wales, New Gloucester, and 
Pejepscot (Danville), now the southern part of the city of Auburn. Scattered 
as they were, they maintained religious worship, receiving the ministrations 



358 History of Androscoggin County. 

of Rev. Messrs Potter, Case, and Macomber. Gathering strength with every 
year, they were enabled to organize a church March 3, 1792, consisting of 55 
members. Potter, Case, and Macomber taking part in the recognition. The 
organization was probably effected in the barn of Abner Harris, who was 
without doubt one of the first deacons and at whose residence, for the most 
part, until 1795, the church worshiped. From 1795 until the completion of 
the " Old South Church " in 1888, the church worshiped in the school-house 
on what is now known as Rose Hill. 

It is utterly impossible at this time, and in the absence of the church 
records, to state definitely when the church engaged its first pastor, Rev. Levi 
Chadbourn, who was received by them with more than ordinary interest. 
Prepossessing in appearance, with a fine address and apparent piety, he soon 
won the confidence of the church and the esteem of the community. The 
society immediately commenced the erection of a parsonage on land owned by 
Abner Harris, now owned and occupied by William M. Chamberlin, Esq., but 
it was not completed. Mr Chadbourn's stay was short. Slander assailed his 
character, and his usefulness in the community was destroj'ed. Notwith- 
standing these unfavorable circumstances the prosperity of the church was 
such that it was deemed expedient for the members who resided in other towns 
to organize conferences and churches in their respective communities; but 
this was not effected at once. The members who resided in Greene were 
constituted a church in 1793, and the same year those in Webster organized a 
conference, and in 1794 a conference was instituted in Pejepscot. The next 
year those living in New Gloucester were dismissed to form a new church, and 
those in Freeport were dismissed in 1797 to join the church at North Yar- 
mouth. The depletions made by these dismissals were more than filled by 
tlie accessions during 1794 and 1796, the fruits of interesting revivals which 
took place during those years. From the time of the organization of the 
church until 1802 the society received the occasional ministrations of Mr 
Potter; but now one of their own members. Rev. Benjamin Cole, was called 
to the pastorate of the church. Mr Cole remained the successful and honored 
pastor, with the exception of short intervals, when he supplied other places 
until near the time of his death, September 10, 1839. Rev. James Garcelon 
was pastor in 1815. 

The continued prosperity of the church, the large accessions to its mem- 
bers, the necessity of a more commodious and convenient place of worship, 
induced the members of the church and some others, early in 1818, to take 
measures to supply this great want. The first public meeting for the purpose 
was held February 19, 1818, when Winslow Ames was chosen moderator and 
Noah Litchfield, clerk. At a subsequent meeting, William (xarcelon, Jr, was 
chosen clerk and treasurer, and David Pettengill, I'homas Hodgkin, and 
Joseph Dill were chosen a committee " to look out a place to set a meeting- 



City of Lewiston. 359 



house," who reported at a meeting held March 7, that the " southerly corner of 
James Mitchell's land " would be a desirable location. The society bought 
one-half acre of land at this place, it being valued at $H. The building 
committee, William Garcelon, Jr, Jacob Golder, and Thomas Hodgkin, carried 
forward the work with energy and success, for we find that the proprietors " met 
at the meeting-house frame, Monday, June 22, 1818." The meeting-house was 
finished in November, 1818, and the pews, 86 in number — 56 in the body of 
the house, and 30 in the gallery — were prized at $2,200, and sold at auction for 
choice, by Winslow Ames, November 28, 1818. The house was 41x45 feet 
and cost $2,2C)0, and was dedicated December 1, 1818, Rev. Henry Kendall, 
of Topsham, preaching the sermon. 

Among the proprietors of the "Old South Church" were a number of 
Universalists, who, in 1821, under the direction of Mr Ezra Handall, formerly 
a deacon of the church, demanded their proportionate part of the time. To 
this end they petitioned the prudential committee, saying they "believed in 
an impartial Allmity," whom they desired to worship. Their request was 
promptly granted. In 1826 Rev. Mr Frost, of Lisbon, was engaged to preach 
for the society, and finally a contract was made to settle him as pastor, after 
which he informed the society that he was a Universalist. He had secured a 
majority of the proprietors as a Baptist, but in his new role he was less 
successful. He was immediately dismissed. Rev. James Garcelon, Jr, was 
ordained in 1841, and soon after became pastor of the church, a relation which 
he sustained until the church became extinct, about 1847. 

The "Old South Meetingdiouse " besides its use as a church was occupied 
for various public purposes, and for a number of years, until Jones's Hall was 
completed (1850) as a town-house. But after the organization of the First 
Baptist church in 1847, which included some of the members of the "Old 
South," which for more than fifty years had been vigorous and had enjoyed 
so large a share of prosperity, it became extinct and its members were 
mostly absorbed by the First Baptist. The church, not being occupied for 
religious purposes, and nearly all of the original proprietors having died or 
become interested in other places of worship, was sold in 1852, by order of the 
Supreme Court, for -^250, to Samuel Litchfield and J. L. Cutter. It was taken 
down and removed to the "Falls," where it was rebuilt. It is situated nearly 
opposite the lower Maine Central depot. Five members of the Old South 
Church became ministers, viz., James Garcelon, Benjamin Cole, Joseph 
Roberts, Jacob Golder, and James Garcelon, Jr. 

The Free Baptist Church. — During his missionary tour in the autumn of 
1783, Rev. Benjamin Randall, of New Durham, N. H., the founder of the Free 
Baptist denomination, visited Lewiston, where he preached and baptized for 
the first time, but did not organize a church. It was his custom to receive all 
who desired to become members into his church at New Durham. But a 



360 History op Androscoggin County. 

membership so widely scattered was not easily controlled, and he soon found 
some of his Lewiston members expressing dissatisfaction with some of the doc- 
trines he had so zealously advocated. Notwithstanding, however, the defection 
of some of the members, the number of adherents steadily increased, and it was 
deemed expedient to organize a church in Lewiston, which was done Septem- 
ber 10, 1803, the usual services being conducted by Rev. Ephraim Stinchfield, 
of New Gloucester, who had preached in Lewiston as early as 1790. But 
little can be gleaned of the history of this church, which maintained its exist- 
ence, however, with more or less prosperity until 1817. It is not probable 
that the church ever had a settled pastor, but was supplied with preaching by 
clergymen who visited the place, and, undoubtedly, for much of the time by 
Rev. Benjamin Thorne, who was a member of the church. In 1817 there was 
an extensive revival under the labors of Rev. Josiah Farwell, and a church 
organized December 3, 1817, at the Herrick school-house, which embraced 
quite a number of the members of the First Church, and which finally sup- 
planted it. The church as originally formed comprised twenty members, viz.: 
Rev. Benjamin Thorne, John Mooar, Oliver Herrick, Luther Litchfield, Wade 
Litchfield, Hannah Thorne, Elizabeth Graffam, Alice Thorne, Abigail Thorne, 
Mary Thorne, Hannah Thorne, 2d, Hannah Cutler, Martha Mooar, Sally 
Wright, Ruth Cole, Rhoda Litchfield, Lucy Lander, Susan Paul, Charlotte 
Pettengill, and Cyntha Cutler. At the organization of the church Oliver 
Herrick was chosen clerk, a position he held for many years. Jonathan 
Nash and Luther Litclifield were chosen deacons, August 0, 1818, and on the 
l*.>th of November of the same year " Elder Benjamin Thorne was received as 
tlie pastor and teacher agreeable to the New Testament Order," a relation 
which he long held. Soon after the church was organized and in connection 
with the labors of Rev. Mr Farwell, measures were taken to construct a house 
of worship. Active operations were commenced in 1818, but the house Avas 
not completed and dedicated until December, 1820. It was located on Main 
street on the north side of Mountain avenue, on the lot now occupied by the 
residence of Mr Fred H. White, where it remained until October 2, 1838, 
when it was removed to the corner of Main and Chapel streets — Haymarket 
Square- — and occupied by the Main Street Free Baptists until February, 1856. 
The church had a nominal existence until about 1840, Avhen only some eight 
persons retained their connection with it. 

Tltc Frivtuh Soclctij. — The history of the denomination called the Friends 
is involved in much obscurity. Amos Davis was, undoubtedly, the first person 
of that persuasion in Lewiston. He was a very worthy and exemplary man, 
and took a great interest in the prosperity and usefulness of the society. Davis 
was the first elder and continued until his death, March 20, 1815. This office was 
then filled by his son, David, who died January 5, 1851. Levi Meader succeeded 
Mr Davis. Mr Meader died April 2, 1872. Mr Amos Davis fitted up a small 



City of Lewiston. 361 



building in the old burying-ground on Sabatis street for a meeting and school, 
which was occupied for several years. The Friends built the first meeting-house 
in town, completed in 1811. It was situated on the Vining farm on the old 
Lisbon road, where it remained until 185(3, when it was taken down and 
removed to what is known as the Isaac Goddard farm, on the river road. For 
many years the town held its meetings in tliis house. There are now but few 
representatives in the society of the families who were once its chief supporters. 
It became small and feeble, and its place of worship was transferred to the 
city [)roper, where several families of Friends had settled. The old meeting- 
house was sold in 1875, taken down and removed to the city. They then held 
meetings in the Y. M. C. A. room until the completion of their house of worship 
on College street. This is a wooden structure 34x52 feet, and has a seating 
capacity of about 250, and cost about •f3,500. The first service was held 
August 1, 1875. The ministers of the society at this meeting were Rev. Charles 
Varney, Freeman Andrews, David Douglass, William Jacob, Cyrus Cartland, 
George Douglass, Caleb Nichols. Mr David Douglass made remarks and 
offered prayer, after which Mr Jacob gave a brief account of the rise of the 
society. In the afternoon Mr David Douglass delivered a sermon. Its pastors 
have been Charles Varney, Stephen Cartland, Freeman Andrews, George S. 
Williams, and the present pastor, George H. Farr. 

The South Lewiston Church. (Clough) Free Baptists. — This church, consist- 
ing of 2(3 members, was organized July 26, 1826, Rev. Messrs Ward, Lock, 
and Abiezer Bridges taking part in the services. The sermon was by Rev. Mr 
Lock. The original members were: Noah Litchfield, Martha Litchfield, Amos 
Davis, Jr, Mariah Davis, Barzilla Rand, Thankful Rand, John Pettengill, 
Mary Pettengill, Aaron Davis, Jr, Samuel Mooer, Elizabeth Mooer, Joseph 
Webber, Joseph Jordan, Samuel Litchfield, Ames Litchfield, Mabel Williams, 
Mehitable Crowley, Jerusha Davis, Deborah Davis, Anna Davis, Sarah Ben- 
nett, Nabby R. Sleeper, Mary Lake, Sarah Hamilton, Lucy Gillpatrick, Anna 
Mitchell. The church held its meetings in Aaron Davis's barn, at the Clough 
school-house, and at various private residences in the vicinity, until 1846, when 
the present meeting-house was completed. The church has had no settled 
minister for many years, but has maintained worship for the greater part of 
the time, having its pulpit supplied by students from Cobb Divinity School. 

F-ree Baptists (Main Street J. — April, 1838, a series of meetings were held 
at the North Meeting-house and conducted by Rev. Messrs Isaac Libby, Gideon 
Perkins, Benjamin Thorne, and E. Phinney. An interesting revival ensued, 
and nearly 100 conversions were reported. As an immediate result of these meet- 
ings 3(3 were baptized May 20, 1838; 21 by Rev. Isaac Libby and 15 by Rev. 
Silas Curtis, and on May 28, 1838, a church was organized with these members: 
Ai Brooks, Isaac Barton, Josiah Blaisdell, James B. Cotton, John Curtis, 
William R. Frye, Stephen Field, Joseph Chamberlain, Amos Hersey, John B. 



362 History of Androscoggin County. 



Jones, John C. Jepson, Norris Litchfield, Harrison G. Otis, Eben H. Sleeper, 
Orin Sprague, Temple Tebbets, David Tracy, Thomas Thorne, Jeremiah 
Skinner, Joseph Winslow, Jane Brooks, Bathsheba Curtis, Christiana Caswell, 
Olive Chamberlain, Ann Dill, Joan Garcelon, Ann Hearsy, Mary Jane 
Hearsy, Lucinda Litchfield, Susan Merrill, Sarah Ann Nash, Joan Nash, Ann 
Pettengill, Julia Roberts, Sally Staten, Lucretia W. Tracy, Mary Ann 
Thompson, Laura C. Thorne, Sarah H. Tebbets, May Ann Webber, Mary 
Winslow, and Lydia Waterhouse. Uev. Messrs Benjamin Thorne, Isaac Libby, 
and Silas Curtis took part in the organization. Additions were continnally 
made to the church, and during May and June 52 were baptized and became 
members. The interest of the new church induced (October 2, 1838,) the 
change of the meeting-house from its original location to the corfter of Main 
and Chapel streets where it now stands, the old building occupied by O. S. 
Ham, Here the church worshiped until February, 1856. Several years 
before this the churcli and society began to agitate the question of the erection 
of a new house of worship. The plan finally adopted was somewhat novel for 
this place. A stock company was incorporated with a capital of $10,000, 
consisting of 100 shares, and the work was commenced in 1854. The house, 
corner of Main and Bates streets, was completed in the winter of 1855-6, and 
dedicated February 14, 1856. Rev. Martin J. Steere, one of the most brilliant 
speakers of the denomination, preached the dedicatory sermon. In the evening 
Rev. James Drummond, of Auburn, delivered a very able sermon to a large 
audience. The house is a substantial brick structure and cost about -1*20,000. 

Rev. Isaac Libby, the first pastor, was born in Buxton, February 22, 1809. 
He was licensed to preach in the fall of 1836. In April, 1837, he came to 
Lewiston and preached the greater part of the year to the First Free Baptist 
church. Mr Libby was ordained by a council from the Gorham Quarterly 
Meeting in April, 1838, and became pastor of this church June 14, 1838, 
and resigned February 25, 1841. Mr Libby was pastor at Brunswick, and 
subsequently at Cape Elizabeth. In July, 1843, he returned to Lewiston and 
assumed this pastorate for two years. In 1846 he became pastor of the Free 
Baptist church at Farmington Hill. He subsequently returned to Lewiston 
and resided for several 3^ears. He died in Auburn, October 18, 1866. He was 
a sound and effective preacher, and under his ministration prosperity was 
experienced. In manner he was dignified and grave, having but few of those 
qualities which captivate and charm the average audience. Rev. Daniel 
Jackson, a native of Madison, N. IL, became pastor in November, 1841, and 
resigned in December, 1842. He was ordained at Fast Ossipee, N. II. , September 
14, 1826, where he was pastor for five years ; at Wheelock, Vt, for two years; he 
preached also in other states. He has recently deceased. He is remembered 
as a very genial man, prepossessing in manner, and an interesting and 
instructive preacher. Rev. George W. Bean became pastor in 1845, and 



City of Lewiston. 363 



resigned in 1848. He came from Farmington and after the close of his ministry 
here became pastor of the Free Baptist church at West Waterville, now 
Oakland. 

Kev. Joseph S. Burgess, the fourth pastor, was born in Williamsburg, Mass., 
August 15, 1814. He was a teacher eight years, then commenced the study of 
law, but becoming interested in religion he entered Whitestown Seminary, 
then under the direction of Rev. John FuUonton, D.D,, and commenced study 
for the ministry. He accomplished the two years' course in one. In June, 1846, 
he became pastor of the Free Baptist church at West Waterville, and remained 
for two years. Mr Burgess became pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist 
church, September 18, 1848, and continued 12 years. The church was small — 
only 60 came to greet him the first Sabbath — and had little financial ability. 
At the close of his pastorate it had become one of the largest and strongest of 
the denomination in Maine. It was during his ministry that the church 
edifice, corner of Main and Bates streets, was built. Mr Burgess's next 
pastorates were at Haverhill, Mass., for two years; Bangor, three years; and 
at Harrisburg, Penn., three years. In 1868, at the unanimous request of the 
friends of the new Pine Street Free Baptist church, he severed his connection 
at Harrisburg, and accepted its pastorate. Mr Burgess labored here with 
zeal and success until December 31, 1868. Nineteen years of pastoral work 
in these two churches had so identified him with the interests of the place and 
people that his removal caused many expressions of regret. Mr Burgess was 
corresponding secretary of the Home Mission Society, and passed nearly three 
years in assisting needy churches in Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts, and 
for five years supplied churches of different denominations in Connecticut. 
He was a man of the people, and had a strong hold upon their affection and 
esteem. He was unassuming and without ostentation, ever hopeful and kind- 
hearted. He died at Waterbury, Conn., February 28, 1888, and was buried in 
Lewiston. Mr John A. Lowell, a teacher in the Maine State Seminary, 
supplied the pulpit as early as October, 1860, and in March, 1861, the church 
applied for his ordination, which occurred in June. He closed his labors in 
1869. Kev. W. H. Bowen, of Providence, R. I., commenced his pastoral work 
June 6, 1869, and resigned in 1882. Rev. O. D. Patch was pastor from 
1882 until 1884. Rev. Carter E. Cate was here as pastor from 1884 to 1888, 
when he was succeeded, October 11, by Rev. Martyn Summerbell, D.D. 

Park Street Methodist Church. — -There were but few Methodists in this 
community previous to the year 1845, and no attempt to organize a church. 
For nearly fifty years an occasional minister of the conference would visit the 
place, preach a sermon, and then go on his missionary tour, never, perhaps, to 
return. But in July, 1845, Rev. John Allen (Camp-meeting John) was 
appointed to the Little Androscoggin Mission, which embraced what w^as then 
called Lewiston Falls. In the two villages, Lewiston and Auburn, he spent 



364 History of Androscoggin County. 

nearly one-fourth of his time preaching in the school-houses on both sides of 
the river. In 184() Mr Allen was re-appointed, and continued his labors in the 
same manner as the previous year. In July, 1847, Rev. William Summersides 
was appointed to the East Poland circuit, Lewiston being included within its 
limits. He preached here one-quarter of the time for a part of the year. Mr 
Summersides was returned to this circuit by the conference in 1848, but spent 
only one or two Sabbaths at the " Falls." At the session of the conference in 
July, 1849, Rev. Charles Andrews was appointed to the Lewiston Falls Mission, 
which was limited to Lewiston and Auburn. Mr Andrews commenced his 
labors immediately, and the Methodists here had for the first time a settled 
pastor. At this time it is very difficult to ascertain just how many Methodists 
there were in the two villages, but the following list is believed to be nearly 
complete : W. L. Davis, John Oakes, Ruth Oakes, Stephen Blethen, Charles 
Oliver, Mary Herrick, Sarah M. Cobb, L. J. R. Crocker, Hannah Crocker, 
Samuel Springer, Sarah N. Springer, Ami Read, Margaret Read, Lurania 
Jordan, Mrs Daniel Wood, Charles D. Thomas, Jacob P. Smith, Ruby B. Addi- 

ton, Winslow Kyle, Amos Bailey, Rachel Davis, Jemima Nevins, Strout, 

Isaac Yetten, Anna Davis, Thomas J. Foss, Eliza Mitchell, Harriet D. Strout, 
William Staples, Harriet L. Yetten, Charles W. Kyle, Nathaniel French, 
Elizabeth French, Mrs Charles W. Kyle. 

It is possible that some others might have been connected with these two 
" classes," one on each side of the river, at the time Mr Andrews came here. In 
the summer and autunm of 1849, Mr Andrews preached in the school-houses 
in Lewiston and Auburn, but usually in tlie school-house in Lewiston. It was 
an old, dilapidated, brick building, located near the Main Street Free Baptist 
church, which they were compelled to abandon as cold weather approached. 
In the winter of 1849-50 they occupied Village Hall in Auburn ; and subse- 
quently the church worshiped in Union Hall, Auburn. Salaries in those days 
were not large, and Mr Andrews's salary, as fixed by the board, was -tlTS. He 
was re-appointed in 1850. In 1851 Rev. Ezekiel Robinson was appointed to 
the charge, with a salary of ■t350. It was during his pastorate that the place of 
worship was changed from Auburn to Jones's Hall in Lewiston. This hall, the 
first in Lewiston, had just been completed and occu[)ied the upper story of 
what is now the lower Maine Central station. Here the church worshiped 
for several years. Mr Robinson was re-appointed in 1852. In 1853 the 
conference sent Rev. Benjamin Foster to Lewiston. Mr Foster was earnest 
and zealous in advocating the erection of a house of worship. Through his 
inlluence, and largely under his direction, a lot was procured on Park street 
and their present church edifice, a substantial wooden building, containing a 
basement, which is used for a vestry, was erected and dedicated September 9, 
1854. Mr Foster was pastor for two years. Rev. H. M. Blake was appointed by 
the conference as pastor in 1855, and served two years. The church became 



City of Lewiston. 365 



self-supporting under his pastorate. Rev. H. B. Abbott was pastor of the church 
for two years, commencing in the spring of 1857. In May, llev. Charles Munger 
became pastor for two years. It was during this time, April 1, 18(>1, that the 
church was divided and the Methodist church in Auburn organized, the river 
being recognized as the " dividing line." This depletion did not seriously 
embarrass the Park street church. Rev. J. McMillan was pastor during the 
years 1861-62. In 1863 Rev. D. B. Randall became pastor. He was 
re-appointed in 1864. The conference appointed Rev. H. B. Abbott pastor in 
1865. Mr Abbott remained for three years. In 1868 Rev. Ezekiel Martiu was 
then pastor for two years. Rev. Cyrus King became pastor in 1870; remained 
one year. He left the conference and removed to the West. Rev. Charles J. 
Clark was appointed in 1871, and occupied the pulpit for three years. He 
was followed by Rev. Horace W. Bolton for three years; Rev. Roscoe L. 
Greene, three years; Rev. Israel Luce, three years; Rev. Fred C. Rogers, 
three years; Rev. Wilber F. Berry, two years; Rev. W. S. Mclntire, three 
years. The present pastor. Rev. E. O. Thayer, was ap[)ointed in May, 1891. 

The following is the necrology of the pastors of this church: Rev. James 
McMillan, born in Bartlett, N. H., August 3, 1806, and died in Gorham, Septem- 
ber 15, 1874. Rev. Howard B. Abbott, born in Sidney, September 14, 1810 ; 
graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1836, and died February 2, 1876. 
Rev. Ezekiel Robinson, born in Norway in 1799. lie entered the New 
England Conference in 1823, and for 50 years was an active minister. He died 
September 2, 1878. Rev. Charles Andrews was born in Berwick, October 23, 
1811; died at Old Orchard in the eighties. Rev. Charles J. Clark was born in 
Portland, April 4, 1839, and died in New York, May 6, 1889. Rev. H. M. 
Blake died on his way to church, Sunday morning, January 15, 1865, aged 57 
years. At the time he was pastor of the Pine Street Church at Portland. 
Rev. Ezekiel Martin was born in Hebron, March 19, 1820, and died at 
Lewiston, February 3, 1889. 

The First Baptist (Bates Street). — Early in the spring of 1847, Mr 
Daniel H. Wiggin, an earnest Baptist, who came from Greene the year 
before, took measures to ascertain the number of Baptists in Lewiston and 
Auburn who were desirous of organizing a church at the " Falls." The 
immediate result of this effort was a preliminary meeting which was held 
April 1, 1847, at the house of Mr Edward Cobb, now Dr Small's, on Park 
street. Mr Cobb was chosen moderator and clerk. Six persons were present 
at this meeting who "resolved themselves into a committee of vigilance to 
ascertain the names and number of Baptists in the community, and report at 
the next meeting." The report of the " vigilance committee," made on the 
8th of April, showed 41 persons who were desirous of being organized into a 
church. Nineteen were present at this meeting and a committee of three was 
appointed to " ascertain where a place of worship can be obtained." At their 



366 History of Androscoggin County. 



next meeting, April 22, measures were taken to organize a church. The clerk 
was authorized to notify the "churches most convenient" to send delegates 
for the purpose of recognition, and Auburn, Danville, Durham, Greene, New 
Gloucester, and Topsham, i-esponded to the call. The council met at the Free 
Baptist church (the building now occupied as a grain store on Haymarket 
Square) June 3, 1847, and organized by choosing Deacon O. C Grose, of New 
Gloucester, moderator, and Deacon E. Barrell, of Greene, scribe. The 
proceedings of the council were as follows : lieading the records of the 
preliminary meetings, by Rev. George Knox; invocation, by Rev. J. Hutch- 
inson, of Auburn; reading of the scriptures, by Rev. George Knox, of Cornish; 
introductory prayer, by Rev. James Drummond, Congregationalist, Auburn ; 
sermon, by Rev. Joseph Kilpatrick, of Topsham ; reading articles of faith, by 
Rev. Moses Hanscom, of Durham; right-hand of fellowship, by Rev. Samuel 
Owen, of Durham; address, by Rev. C. W. Reading, of Massachusetts; 
prayer, by Rev. P. Pillsbury, of Greene ; concluding prayer and benediction, 
by Rev. George W. Bean, Free Baptist, Lewiston. 

The church consisted of 25 members, viz.: Daniel H. Wiggin, Joel Morse, 
Calvin S. Titcomb, Stephen Davis, Simon Marston, Timothy Wright, William 
R. Wright, Israel Glidden, Jacob Golder, Charles Wiggin, Levi Wiggin, Betsey 
Wiggin, Sarah Morse, Hannah McKenney, Mary Marston, Jane W. Miller, 
Ann M. Wiggin, Emeline Wiggin, Mary Titcomb, Abigail Kimball, Mary 
Mitchell, Eliza Field, Betsey Jepson, Betsey Wright, and Lucy Chamberlain. 
Of these the venerable Deacon Stephen Davis, now in his ninetieth year, is the 
only one living. 

On the 5th of June William R. Wright was chosen clerk, and on the 12th 
of August Daniel H. Wiggin was chosen deacon, both for one year. Soon after 
Deacon Wiggin canvassed the three towns, Lewiston, Danville, and Auburn, 
Rev. George Knox, of Cornish, Me, visited the "Falls" and preached in the 
school-houses of Lewiston and Auburn. Mr. Knox spent May 16th, 23d, and 
30th preaching in these places but did not become pastor of the church until 
the first Sabbath in August and then under the auspices of the Maine Baptist 
Missionary Society. He remained the pastor until January, 1860, nearly 
13 years. Immediately after the organization, meetings were commenced in 
the old brick school-house near Lowell's Corner, but owing to its dilapidated 
condition they were obliged, on the approach of cold weather, to move to the 
Auburn side of the river into the Rechabite Hall. This was a very small 
hall, only about 22 x 40 feet and occupied the second story of the building. 
The lower story was occupied as a confectionery and "grog shop." The hall 
was found to be too close for warm weather and the society moved into the 
school-house on Turner street, where they continued to worship, with the 
exception of a few Sabbaths when Mr Knox occupied Mr Drummond's pulpit, 
until the completion of their chapel. This was built during the summer and 



City of Lewiston. 367 



autumn of 1848, under contract, by Captain Daniel Holland, and cost about 
fl,000, which, with the exception of -fllO, was raised by the society. The 
chapel was occupied for the first time November 9, 1848, when an interesting 
sermon was delivered by Rev. Mr Beecher, of Portland. In tlie spring of 
1849, owing to the extensive oj)erations of the Water-Power Company, they 
were obliged to change the location of the chapel. During the summer it was 
moved several times. 

The chapel was occupied until May, 1853, when it was exchanged with the 
Water-Power Company in part payment for the lot of land on which they 
subsequently built their brick church, corner of Main and Lisbon streets. 
From the chapel they moved to Union Hall in Auburn, where the church 
remained until December, 1853. In the spring of this year the society 
commenced the erection of the church at the head of Lisbon Street. This 
house cost about $10,000, and was dedicated December 9, 1853. Rev. L. B. 
Allen, of Yarmouth, preached the sermon and Rev. Arthur Drinkwater, of 
Greene, made the dedicatory prayer. The society occupied this house until 
May, 1870, the last meeting being held Tuesday evening, May 17. They 
removed from liere to their new church edifice on Bates street, which was 
dedicated May 18, 1870. The sermon was by the pastor, Rev. E. M. Haynes, 
and the dedicatory prayer by Rev. N. M. Wood, D.D., of Illinois, a former 
pastor. The church was built in 1869-70, is of brick with granite trimmings 
and pressed brick beltings hiid in black cement, and will seat about 800. It 
cost, including lot, $54,000. It is situated on Bates street at the southern 
extremity of the park, which it commands, being a very pleasing structure and 
a fine, though not gorgeous, specimen of English Gothic architecture. The 
"structural idea" is carried out in every part, embracing the interior as well 
as the exterior of the building, and including also the furniture as well as the 
organ. The entire wood-work of the interior is black walnut, highly polished, 
with ceilings frescoed and tinted in a manner which admirably relieves the 
dark effect of the wood. 

Rev. George Knox, son of Ebenezer and Sarah L. (Dorset) Knox was 
born in Saco, October 24, 1816. He fitted for college at North Yarmouth 
Academy; was graduated from Waterville College in 1840; studied at Newton 
Theological Seminary in 1840-41; was ordained pastor of the Baptist church 
in Topsham in December, 1841, and remained until 1845, then was pastor in 
Cornish about two years. But his chief pastorate was with the First Baptist 
church in Lewiston, which he was instrumental in gathering, and which, under 
his wise and judicious care, became one of the most prosperous in the 
community. His labors here were abundant and frequently discouraging, but 
with tireless energy he prosecuted his work, winning in an especial degree the 
love and respect not only of his church and society but that of the whole 
community. Mr Knox was a Christian gentleman ; kind, courteous, and 



368 History of Androscoggin County. 

dignified in all his ways, his presence was a gentle but a positive rebuke to 
everything unmanly and ignoble. Mr Knox resigned this pastorate to take 
effect January 1, 1860, and afterwards became pastor of the IJaptist church at 
Brunswick. When, in April, 1861, the President issued his call for 75,000 
volunteers, Mr Knox offered his services to the governor, and was appointed 
chaplain of the First Kegiment, and when its term of service expired he was 
commissioned chaplain of the Tenth, shared the hardships of his comrades and 
endeared himself to all. At the close of this service he became })astor of the 
Baptist church of Lawrence, Mass. When the Twenty-ninth Regiment was 
organized Mr Knox was again commissioned chaplain. He resigned his pastor- 
ate, and October 18, 1864, joined the regiment in Virginia, and October 31 
met with an accident, and survived only a few hours. His sudden death was 
deeply lamented by the officers and members of the regiment and the people 
of this community, where he had been so long and favorably known. His 
remains were brought to Lewiston for interment. 

Rev. Nathaniel Milton Wood, second pastor, son of Ephraim and Prudence 
(Myrick) Wood, was born in Camden, May 24, 1822. He was fitted for college 
in Camden, and was graduated from Waterville College in 1844, one of the best 
scholars of a very able class. He subsequently entered the Western Theolog- 
ical Institute, at Covington, Ky, where he remained till 1847, when he returned 
to Maine. In May, 1848, he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Bloom- 
field, now Skowhegan. Here he labored with marked success until January, 
1852, when, at the earnest solicitation of the college faculty at Waterville, he 
commenced his pastorate at that place, which he resigned January, 1860. From 
January, 1860, to March, 1866, he was pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Lewiston, and from August, 1866, to May, 1868, at Tliomaston. He then 
accepted the charge of the Baptist church at Upper Alton, 111., which he held 
until March, 1872, when he was elected professor of Systennitic Theology in 
Slnirtleff College, a chair he had provisionally filled for tw(j years, and for 
which he was especially qualified. In June, 1874, he came East and located 
at South Boston, hoping by this change to regain his health, a hope never 
realized. While here he preached in several places in Massachusetts, until 
April, 1876, when waning strength compelled him to relinquish further effort. 
He died in Camden, August 2, 1876. Mr Wood's labors met with marked 
success; he was a close and accurate thinker, a keen and logical writer; his 
style was terse and epigrammatic, and his preaching was effective. 

Rev. George W. Holman, of Fort Edward, N. Y., was tlie third pastor, 
commencing his labors in Jul}^ 1866, and continuing until November, 1868. 
He was an earnest and successful preacher. Rev. E. M. Haynes succeeded Mr 
Holman; came from Palmer, Mass., and assumed the pastorate in April, 1869. 
His resignation took effect May 4, 1873. Rev. W. T. Chase became pastor in 
1873, and closed his pastorate August 3, 1870, to accept that of the Baptist 



City of Lewiston. 369 



church in Cainbridgeport, Mass. He was a very successful pastor, and was 
regarded with much affection by his people. Rev. George B. Ilsley, of Yar- 
mouth, was the next i)astor, commencing work November 2, 1879. Rev. 
William C. Barrows, the seventh pastor, came from Rockland. His pastorate 
closed September 1, 1885. Rev. C. C. Tille^^ came from Dover, and assumed 
the pastorate in March, 1886. His resignation took effect in March, 1891. 
The present [)astor. Rev. D. F. Wynuin, began his services in June, 1891. 

JSpiscojxd Church. — The parish of Trinity chnrcli was organized in June, 
1854, by the efforts of Rev. George P. (Tiddinge, of Illinois (a native of 
Danville), then on a visit to Auburn. He held his lirst service in Union Hall, 
^VubuiMi, June 11, 1854, and July 15 the parish was legally constituted and 
these parish officers elected : Byron W. Watson, senior warden ; S. W. Keeler, 
junior warden; George L. Drinkwater, Nathaniel I. Jackson, and George H, 
Merrill, vestrymen. W. B. Watson was chosen treasurer and -collector. Mr 
Giddinge ministered to the church until November 5, 1854, when he returned 
to Illinois. July 11, 185(>, Rev. Frederic Gardiner became rector, but resigned 
November 10, 1856. The public worship of the [)arish was removed to the 
Lewiston side of the river during Mr Gardiner's ministry, and was held for 
some time in Lisbon Small Hall. In August, 1857, Rev. John B. Southgate 
entered uj)on his duties as pastor, and resigned on account of ill health in 
June, LS5S. He was followed by Bev. D. C Ingraham. In 1859 the parish 
built their first house of worship, on the corner of Ash and Bark streets. 
This was consecrated to the worshi[) of God by Bishop Burgess, September 21, 
1858. In April, i860, Bev. Nicholas Ludlam was elected rector; he resigned 
in June, 1862. Rev. W. H. Collins was em[)loyed for some time, and in 
February, 1864, was elected rector. Mr Collins resigned in April, 1866. Rev. 
W. M. Willian became pastor in A[)ril, 1867, and resigned in September, 
1868. Mr Willian had officiated for some time before he became rector of 
the church. Rev. E. Folsom Baker was elected rector in May, 18(39, and 
resigned in 1870. Rev. Harry L. Yewens was the next pastor of the parish, 
and remained rector until November, 1875, when he resigned. Rev. Robert 
Wyllie commenced his labors as pastor soon after Mr Yewens's resignation, 
and having been ordained [)riest, entered u[)on his duties as rector, June, 1876, 
and resigned in May, 1877. Rev. W. H. Washburn became rectoi- in May, 
1877, and continued as rector until April, 1890, when he resigned. In 1869 
the Franklin Company gave a bond for a lot, on the corner of Bates and 
Spruce streets, to Trinity parish, agreeing to give the lot on condition that 
the parish erected thereon a church edifice within 10 years. In September, 
1877, work was commenced on the church under the supervision of a com- 
mittee, consisting of Rev. W. H. Washburn, John Garner, John Straw, Samuel 
Booth, T. W. Kanada, and H. H. Dickey. The corner-stone was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies by Bishop Neely, June 21, 1879, and the church was 



370 History of Androscoggin County. 



consecrated by him October 6, 1882. The sermon was delivered by Rev. 
Samnel Upjohn, pastor of St Mark's church, Augusta. The church is built of 
granite, the entrance to the audience room being from Bates street. The 
interior is finished in oak, and the whole building has the appearance of a 
substantial structure. The vestry is in the basement of the church, with the 
entrance from Spruce street. The building cost about '!!21,000. The parish 
also have a rectory on Horton street which was commenced in 1883. Rev. D. 
V. Gwilym, the present rector, came from Houlton, and assumed the pastorate 
of the parish in June, 1800. The church wardens for 1891 are John Garner 
and Edward Byron. 

The Pine Street Congreijational Church. — It was early in 1854 that the 
members of the Lewiston Falls Congregational church who resided in Lewiston 
began to agitate the question of the organization of a Congregational church 
in Lewiston. The importance as well as the necessity of a church on the "east 
side of the river" became more apparent and measures were instituted by the 
friends of the new society to perfect its organization. Accordingly a petition 
was directed to the church in Auburn, in which the petitioners express the 
opinion "that the time has arrived when we feel it our duty to ask a dismission 
from your church, that we may be formed into a church in Lewiston." The 
petition was signed by R. A. Budlong and 30 others and dated July 15, 1854. 
It was presented to the church at a "regular meeting," held July 18, and the 
petitioners were accordingly dismissed to form a new church on the "east side 
ofthe river." At this meeting the church voted to unite with the petitioners 
in calling an ecclesiastical council, to be held August 8, 1854, for the purpose 
of organizing a second Congregational church. The pastor. Rev. James 
Drummond, Deacon R. Bradford, Samuel Pickard, Esq., Jordan K. Piper, and 
Davis E. Verrill, two of the petitioners, were appointed a committee to make 
the necessary arrangements. The church was organized August 8, 1854, with 
42 members, 34 of whom were members of the Lewiston Falls church, and eight 
by letter from churches in Maine and Massachusetts. Their- names were: 
Rhodes A. Budlong, Jordan K. Piper, Davis E. Verrill, Simeon H. Murray, 
Charles C. Burgess, George R. Smith, William F, Fitch, William. Hayes, 
William L. Fitch, Benjamin Murray, Josiah G. Coburn, Horatio G. Cilley, 
John W. Marston, Joseph R. Greenwood, Charles C. Niebuhr, Hannah Hayes, 
Lydia W. Prescott, Mrs John M. Frye, Sarah E. Frye, Mrs N. B. Nevens, 
Alura E. Lowell, Betsey Riggs, Sarah P. Verrill, Clarinda Murray, Mrs Charles 
C. Burgess, Charlotte Fitch, Ann M. Fitch, Mary H. Hayes, Harriet A. Hayes, 
Lucy S. Davis, Octavia D. Garcelon, Susan Marston, Sarah W. Greenwood, Mrs 
Charles C. Niebuhr, Mrs David M. Ayer, Eliza D. Lowell, Mrs L. Gushing, 
Miss E. Gushing, Maria Herrick, Mrs Edward P. Tobie, and Alice L. Field. 

The services at the organization were: Reading the scriptures and prayer 
by Rev. Thomas W. Lord, of West Auburn ; sermon by Rev. George E. 



City of Lewiston. 371 



Adams, D.D., of Brunswick ; reading Articles of Faith and Covenant by Rev. 
Jolin W. Chickering, D.D., Portland; prayer by Kev. Elijah Jones, of Minot; 
right-hand of fellowship. Rev. James Drunimond, Auburn ; charge to the 
church, Rev. Asa Cummings, D.D., of Portland ; prayer and benediction. Rev. 
Charles Pickard. From the organization of the church until the completion 
of the chapel (in 1855), at the corner of Pine and Bates streets, the society 
worshiped in Jones's Hall. It was a plain and neat building and was occupied 
by the church and society until April, 180G, when it was removed to the rear 
of the present church edifice on Bates street, and was subsequently converted 
into a tenement block. While the new church was being built the society 
held their meetings in Central Hall, with the exception of a short time when 
they united with the Main Street Free Baptists. Their present church edifice 
is built after the Romanesque style of architecture, and is one of the finest in 
the state. It was erected in 186G-7, and dedicated May 22, 1867. The dedi- 
catory services were: Prayer by Rev. Aaron C. Adams, of Auburn; reading 
the scriptures by Rev. John A. Lowell, pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist 
church; sermon by Rev. Uriah Balkam, the pastor; and the prayer by Rev. 
John O. Fiske, D.D., of Bath. The church is a substantial brick structure 
with granite beltings and trimmings, and the interior is finished in oiled black 
walnut and chestnut, with softly-tinted walls and frescoed ceilings, which pro- 
duce a very fine effect. The basement is fitted up as a lecture-room with parlors 
and a library-room. It is located on the corner of Pine, which it fronts, and 
Bates streets, at the northeast corner of the Park, which it commands, and 
from which it presents a substantial and im[)osing appearance. It cost .f70,000 
exclusive of the lot. 

The church did not settle a [)astor until January, 185(5, but sustained public 
worship more or less regularly, the desk being sup[)lied the most of the time 
by Rev. Isaac Weston, of Cumberland. Rev. Uriah Balkam, the first pastor, 
was born in Robbinston, March 27, 1812. He was graduated from Amherst 
College in 1837, and from the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1840. Soon 
after he supplied the C'ongregational church at Union, and was ordained its 
pastor June 15, 1841. Mr Balkam remained in Union until September 20, 
1844, when he was dismissed. His next pastorate was at Wiscasset, where 
he was installed January 22, 1845: dismissed October 2(), 1854, He then 
commenced his labors as "stated supply" at Lewiston, and was installed as 
pastor, January 30, 185(1. The sermon on this occasion was by Rev. H. S. 
Carpenter, of Portland; prayer by Rev. Elijah Jones, of Minot; right-hand of 
fellowship by Rev. James Drummond of Auburn, and charge to the cliurch 
by Rev. George E. Adams, D.D., of Brunswick. Mr Balkam continued here 
for more than 14 years. His pastorate covered the more important events in 
the history of the church, having commenced his ministry during its infancy, 
and closing after it had received mature strength. Dr Balkam was appointed 



372 History of Androscoggin County. 



chaplain of the Sixteenth Maine, December 18, 1863. He performed his duties 
with care and fidelity. He resigned October 8, 1864. In August, 1873, he 
was elected to the chair of Logic and Christian Evidences in Cobb Divinity 
School, Bates College, and while on his way to the college he was thrown from 
his horse and instantly killed, March 4, 1874. In 1867 Bates College conferred 
upon him the honorary degree of S.T.D. Dr Balkam was a person of command- 
ing presence ; as a preacher, scholarly, thoughtful, and singularly zealous ; as a 
pastor, faithful and instructive. 

Rev. Francis F. Ford, the second pastor, was born in East Haddam, Conn., 
November 25, 1828. He was a graduate of Hamilton College in the class of 
1851, was at Union Seminary in 1853-4, and Princeton in 1856 ; and ordained 
by the Presbytery of Genessee in 1857. Mr Ford had filled several pastorates 
before he came to Lewiston. He was installed pastor June 22, 1871, and dis- 
missed Novembei- 25, 1872. He died at Kansas City, Mo., January 26, 1886. Rev. 
George S. Dickermaii, who had been pastor at West Haven, Conn., was installed 
pastor March 12, 1874, and resigned June 17, 1883. He was dismissed by a 
council convened July 20, 1883. Mr Dickerman accepted a call to the First 
church in Amlierst, Mass., where he was installed pastor September ID, 1883. 
Rev. George Milton Howe,' the present pastor, was born in Westminster, Mass., 
July 23, 1844. His parents were Daniel M. and Harriot Woodbury Howe. 
His father died when 37, and Mrs Howe subsequently married Mr Z. M. 
Larned, of Oxford, where the family resided a few years and moved to 
Charltcjn. Mr Howe's early education was acquired by utilizing his time after 
his farm work was acconq)lished. In the fall of 1863 he entered Nichols 
^Vcademy, Dudley, Mass., and was graduated in 1867. He then became a 
student at Andierst College, graduating in the class of 1871, and was a graduate 
of Andover Theological Seminary in July, 1874. July 8, 1874, Mr Howe was 
ordained and installed pastor of the ('ongregational church in Princeton, Mass. 
Ten years prior. May, 1864, he united with the Congregational church of 
Oxford. Ivev. Mr Howe remained in Princeton over nine years, where he was 
an able and esteemed minister and pastor. He was scribe of tlie Worcester 
Central Conference for five years, several years one of the prudential com- 
mittee of the Worcester County Sabbath School Association, and for seven 
years one of the directors of the Worcester Musical Association. He resigned 
at Princeton to accept the call to Lewiston, where he was installed pastor, 
February 13, 1884, and during the seven 3^ears of his pastorate here the results 
of his work have been exceedingly satisfactory. The congregations have 
largely added to their number, and the financial prosperity of the church rests 
on a firm foundation, as at the close of each year it is free from debt; the 
benevolent offerings have increased tenfold; the church membership has been 
greatly augmented, additions on confession of faith being made every 

1 By the Editor. 



City of Lewiston. 373 



communion Sunday for nearly five years. The energy and earnestness of 
Rev. Mr Howe, his forceful sermons on practical Christianity inspire one and 
all to help forward the good works of righteousness of which he is such a 
spirited leader and teacher. His wife, Mrs Sarah M. (Kendall) Howe, an 
estimable Christian lady, takes an active interest in progress and reform. 

The Sabbath school of this church, established 34 years ago, is the second 
largest of the denomination in the state, and has. progressed wonderfully in the 
past seven years, its membership having increased from 125 to 550. Mr F. B. 
Sands has been its efficient superintendent for the past ten years, also church 
clerk for twenty years. 

Universalist jSociefi/. — In February, 1858, 15 persons, residents of Lew- 
iston, petitioned Jolm Smitli, Fsq., to issue a warrant to one of their numbei* 
directing him to notify a meeting of the subscribers for the purpose of organ- 
izing a religious society, to be known as the First Universalist Society of 
Lewiston. Judge Smith issued a warrant dated Feliruary 16, 1858, and the 
first legal meeting was held at the house of Mr (). H. Littlefield on Bates 
street, February 23, 1858. At this meeting, John Smith, Esq., was chosen 
clerk, and a committee consisting of Timothy Walker, John Smith, and George 
W. Farr were chosen to draft a constitution and by-laws. The by-laws were 
reported and accepted March 12. Subsequently, May 28, the society chose a 
committee, consisting of Samuel Haley, George W. Farr, and Timotliy Walker, 
to " pi'csent the society to the Maine Convention of Univorsalists for admission 
into the fellowship of that body." The society voted July (!, 1858, to instruct 
the assessors to engage the services of Rev. C. H. Webster for nine months. 
Mr Webster had been for some time pastor of tlie High Street Universalist 
church in Auburn, but at this time was not engaged in pastoral labors. He 
immediately assumed the pastorate of the new society, which he retained for 
about two years. Soon after Mr Webster's resignation the society became 
extinct. The society first held their meetings in Jones's Hall, but subsequently 
worshiped in Lisbon Hall. 

Bates Street Universalist Society. — This society was organized August 17, 
18(J3, the meeting being held in the Municipal Court Room. Mr B. F. Furber 
was chosen moderator, and John Smith, clerk. On the 23d of August, a con- 
stitution and by-laws were adopted. At this meeting the clerk was instructed 
to correspond with Rev. Martin J. Steere for the purpose of securing his 
services as pastor. Mr Steere accepted the invitation to become pastor of the 
society and commenced his labors in A[)ril, 1864. The society held its serv- 
ices in Lisbon Hall, in what is now College Block, Lisbon street, until the 
completion of their house of worship. In December, 1863, the question of 
the erection of a house of worship was presented to the society, and measures 
instituted to secure the speedy erection of a commodious and convenient 
church edifice. A lot of sufficient size on the easterly side of Bates street, 



374 History of Androscoggin County. 



between Ash and Pine, was procured in September, 1864, of the Franklin 
Company, and ground was broken in December of that year. Subsequently 
tlie lot was abandoned, and the lot on which their house of worship now 
stands was presented to the society by N. W. Farwell, Esq. The house was 
commenced in 1805 and finished in March, 1866. It is 55 x 75 feet, and the 
front is elaborately finished, the Tuscan order of architecture. The audience 
room is 55x61 feet, and contains 106 pews, with a seating capacity sufiicient 
to accommodate 500 persons. The church was dedicated March 15, 1866. 
The sermon was preached by the pastor, Rev. Martin J. Steere, and 
pi-ayer was made by liev. George Bates, of Auburn. In the evening Mr Steere 
was formally installed pastor and an appropriate sermon was delivered, by 
Kev. Mr Bolles, of Portland. The church is a wooden structure, substantially 
constructed and finely finished and furnished, and was built at a cost of 
$22,000. 

During the ministry of Mr Steere, July 2, 1865, a church was organized,, 
consisting of 15 members, viz.: John Smith, Ezekiel Martin, Daniel B. Jones, 
Roana D. Jones, I. W. Coburn, Abby Coburn, Moses H. Harris, Martin 
J. Steere, Harriet M. Steere, Hattie A. Steere, Henry Hamilton, Almira W. 
Hamilton, Jesse H. Field, and Mrs B. F. Furber. Mr Steere remained pastor 
of the church and society until October, 1869, when he closed his pastorate, 
greatly to the regret of his peo[)le, who had under his ministry enjoyed unusual 
prosperity. Mr Steere was succeeded in April, 1870, by Rev. J. H. Armies, of 
Ridgeway, N. H., who remained until May, 1871. He removed to Long 
Island. Rev. J. W. Ilines became pastor of the church in August, 1872. Rev. 
Almon Gage assumed the pastorate of the church in 1874. In 1876 Rev. C. P. 
Nash was called to the pastoral care of the society. Rev. W. G. Haskell 
became pastor in 1878. Rev. W. S. Perkins commenced his pastoral work in 
1884. The present pastor. Rev. R. F. Johonnot, was called in 1889. 

Rev. Martin J. Steere, the first pastor of the church, was born at Smith- 
field, R. I., (3ctober 15, 1814. He commenced preaching in 1834, and 
subsequently was a student at Parsonsfield Seminary. So strongly was he 
imbued with the missionary spirit that he offered himself as a missionary to 
Orissa, India, but ill health compelled him to relinquish the design. He was 
prepared for college at Fruit Hill, R. I., but was compelled to abandon study 
on account of sickness. He was ordained and became pastor of the Free 
Baptist church in (lieorgiaville in 1837, and resigned in 1839. Mr Steere was 
pastor of the church at Apponaug for three years, at North Scituate three 
years, and at Greenville one year. He then became pastor of the Free Baptist 
church at Waterford, Mass. In 1851 Mr Steere refused the pastorate of a 
church in Boston, preferring to remain at Waterford. He delivered the 
oration at the laying of the corner-stone of the Maine State Seminary, now 
Bates College, June 26, 1856. A few years later Mr Steere announced a 



City of Lewiston. 375 



change in his religions views, and embraced the doctrines of the Universalists. 
He was a man of marked ability, a gracefnl and brilliant speaker, and was held 
in high esteem. His pastorate in Lewiston was very snccessfiil and he 
endeared himself to his people, and his resignation was accepted with many 
regrets. Mr Steere became pastor of the Universalist church at Poland, 
November 30, 1873, and resigned May 19, 187G. He died in Connecticut in 
January, 1877. 

Fine Street Free Baptist Church. — The constituent members of this church, 
consisting of 52 persons, were dismissed from the Main Street Free Baptist 
church, and organized, January 3, 1869, by a council consisting of Rev. (). li. 
Cheney, D.D., Prof. B. F. Hayes, of Bates College, and Rev. John A. Lowell, 
pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist church. These persons constituted 
the church at its organization: Rev. J. S. Burgess, Mrs Laura A. Burgess, 
Rev. Gideon Perkins, Mrs Gideon Perkins, Roland E. Patterson, Mrs R. E. 
Patterson, D. B. Sanderson, Mrs D. B. Sanderson, S. E. Buker, Mrs S. E. Buker, 
Noah Litchfield, Benjamin P. Lowell, Mrs Benjamin P. Lowell, James R. 
Blaisdell, Mrs James R. Blaisdell, Caleb Gilbert, Mrs Caleb Gilbert, Henry N. 
Eastman, Mrs Henry N. Eastman, Ezekiel Wakefield, Mrs Ezekiel Wakefield, 
Thomas D. Thorne, James Wood, Edward Clark, Mrs Edward Clark, Lewis 
W. Pitman, Mrs Lewis W. Pitman, William Hersey, Henry A. Chanell, 
Mrs Henry A. Chanell, Mrs Drusilla Swift, Mrs Orinda Squirs, Miss Emma 
J. Caston, Mrs Carolina Phillips, Mrs Mary Whitternore, Mrs Araxsenie 
Rowell, Miss Lizzie Brackett, Mrs Laura Thorne, Mrs Julia French, Mrs Olive 
Tuiner, Mrs Laura J. Webster, Mrs Sarah C. Litchfield, Mrs Lucinda E. Lane, 
Mrs Mary L. Mitchell, Mrs Hulda Cole, Miss Eliza Bickford, Miss Lydia 
Small, Miss Sarah E. Sawyer, Miss Arvesta Towle, Miss Sarah Pettengill. 
They worshiped in Lisbon Hall until the completion of their liouse of worship 
in December, 18(39. This neat church edifice is located on Pine street, corner 
of Blake, and was dedicated December 9, 1869, by the pastor. Rev. J. S. 
Burgess, assisted by Rev. Gideon Perkins, a member of the church; Rev. 
W. H. Bowen, of the Main Street Free Baptist church; Rev. U. Balkam, 
of the Pine Street Congregational church; and Rev. E. M. Haynes, of the 
First Baptist church. Tiie house is a plain and substantial wooden structure, 
with a basement which is occupied as a vestry and lecture-room, and cost tlie 
society *14,000. 

The church was fortunate in securing the services of Rev. J. S. Burgess, so 
long the pastor of Main Street Free Baptist church. Mr Burgess commenced 
his labors October 1, 1869, and remained as pastor until Deceniber 31, 1875. 
Mr Burgess's pastorate was marked with his usual success, and his resignation 
caused deep regret. Rev. Richard L. Howard, the second pastor, was a native 
of New York, and had been pastor in Fairfort for three years. His pastorate 
commenced here in May, 1876, and closed in January, 1879. He was 



376 History of Androscoggin County. 

succeeded by Rev. A. C. Hogben, in February, 1879, who resigned in February, 
1880. Rev. John I>. Jordan, the fourth pastor, was born in Auburn, and was 
licensed to preach June 11, 1878. He commenced to supply this pulpit in 
February, 1880, and was ordained as pastor of the church May 22, 1882. His 
pastorate, which was a very successful one, closed September 1, 1883. Mr O. L. 
Gile, a student at the Cobb Divinity School, supplied the pulpit from Septem- 
ber, 1883, to September, 1885. Rev. William J. Twort, the fifth pastor, came 
from Canton, and commenced liis work as pastor in March, 1886, and closed 
his labors in September, 1889, to accept the pastorate of the P^ree Ba])tist 
church in Lynn, Mass. The present pastor. Rev. S. A. Blaisdell, came from 
Bath, and was publicly installed January 31, 1890. The services were by the 
clergymen of Lewiston arid Auburn, viz.: Prayer, by Rev. C. C. Tilley, of the 
First Baptist church; sermon, by Rev. Martyn Summerbell, D.D., of the Main 
Street Free Baptist church; installing prayer, by Rev. A. S. Ladd, of the High 
Street Methodist church. Auburn; right-hand of fellowship, by Prof. B. F. 
Hayes, D.D., of Bates College; charge to the pastor, by Rev. T. H. Stacy, Free 
P)aptist church, Auburn; charge to church, by Rev. F. S. Root, of the High 
Street Congregational chinch. Auburn; welcome to the city, by Rev. C M. 
Howe, of Pine Street Congregational church; welcome in behalf of church, 
by Prof. J. A. Howe, D.D., of Cobb Divinity School. 

The Hammond Street 3Ietho(ll!<t Church. — Tliis church was organized in 
June, 1870, with these members: Samuel \l. Bearce, Betse}^ Bearce, William 
Ivobinson, Abbie P. IJobinson, Joel Nevens, Julia Nevens, Warren S. Butler, 
P'.liza M. Butler, Joshua (x. Richardson, Maria S. Richardson, William G. 
Richardson, A. J. Aiken, Sarah C. Aiken, Lizzie S. Abbott, and Etta J. Rob- 
inson. It now has a membership of about 150. Rev. H. B. Abbott, who for 
five years had been pastor of the Park Street Methodist church, was appointed 
pastor of the church and commenced his labors the first Sabbath in June, 
1870. He closed his pastorate in May, 1873. The society worshiped in the 
old Baptist church on Main street, corner of Lisbon, until the early part of 
1876, when their church edifice was completed. It was commenced in the 
spring of 1875, and is situated on the easterly side of Hammond street. The 
erection of a suitable house of worship for the convenience of the society had 
been a subject of discussion for some time, but no definite arrangements had 
been perfected until this year. Mr Samuel R. liearce, who had been one of 
the original promoters in the organization of the church, and its principal 
patron, gave the lot on which the house is built, and also gave towards its con- 
struction the sum of $10,000. Tliis munificent gift encouraged the society, 
tliough small, to commence their present house of worship. The church has 
a basement which is used as a vestry, over which is the audience room, neatly 
and tastily finished, capable of seating about 500. The exterior is of wood, 
with pleasing design and finish. The whole cost was not far from -118,000, and 



City of Lewiston. 377 



it was dedicated January 24, 1876, by Bishop Foster. Rev. Messrs E. Martin, 
the presiding elder of the district, S. F. Wetherbee, the pastor, A. S. Ladd, 
N. C. Clifford, and other members of the ministry of the denomination were 
present. 

Rev. I). W. LeLacheur was appointed as a supply in 1873, and in 1874 was 
appointed as pastor. Rev. S. F. Wetherbee was appointed to the pastorate of 
the church in 1875, and remained three years. Rev. J. Benson Hamilton was 
appointed to the charge in 1878 and was continued for three years. In 1881 
Rev. A. S. Ladd was pastor. He was followed in 1882 by Rev. W. S. Mclntire. 
Rev. Roscoe Sanderson was pastor for three years commencing with 1883; 
Rev. C. L. Libby in 1886, and re-appointed in 1887. Mr Libby left the 
conference quite early in the year, removed to Utah, and is serving the 
dfenomination as a missionary. His place was supplied for the remainder of 
the year by Mr William B. Dnkeshire, a student at Kent's Hill. Rev. Perry 
Chandler came here in 1888 and remained as pastor for three years. Rev. J. 
A. Corey, the present pastor, was appointed to the pastorate of the church in 
May, 1891. Only two of the pastors of the church have died: Rev. H. B. 
Abbott, whose death is mentioned in the sketch of Park Street church, and 
Rev. S. F. Wetherbee, who died April 24, 1890. Mr Wetherbee was born in 
Harvard, Mass., January 23, 1815. He entered the Maine Conference in 1845, 
and served in quite a number of the most important charges in the Maine and 
East Maine CJonferences. 

St Joi<cp]ii> Catholic f Irish) Church. — The first Catholic service in Lewiston 
was held at the house of 1*. McGillicuddy, Esq., in June, 1850, by Ivev. Charles 
McCollion, of Portsmouth, N. H. Mr McGillicuddy 's house was on the old 
street leading from Main street down the river, and near where the Continental 
Mills are situated. The building had been a school-house, but was purchased 
May 1, 1850, by Mr McGillicuddy, and converted into a dwelling-house. 
Subsequently meetings were held by Father McCollion in the Bates dye-house, 
the Cowan Mill, as well as in several other places. Father McCollion continued 
to visit Lewiston at regular intervals, once in four weeks, until worship was 
established in the chapel formerly occupied by the First Baptist church, on 
Lincoln street. The Catholics bought the chapel of the Franklin Company. 
The chapel was provided with settees, but these were removed and the 
Catholics purchased tlie pews, 52 in number, in the Old South Baptist meeting- 
house, and had them set u[) in the chapel. 

It was during Father McCollion's ministry that Miss Augusta A. Davis, 
daughter of Deacon Stei)hen Davis, of this city, and a teacher in the high 
school, became interested in the moral and religious welfare of the Irish 
children, and established a Sabbath school for their instruction, which was held 
for the most of the time in the high school building. Miss Davis received the 
co-operation of Father McCollion and the leading Catholics, as well as many 



378 History of Androscoggin County. 



of the Protestants of the place. Miss Davis married Rev. Joseph K. Greene, 
and for more than thirty years has been a missionary in Turkey, being located 
at Constantinople. 

Subsequently Kev. Peter McLaughlin, of Bath, held services here one-half 
of the time. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Kenney, whose time was 
equally divided between Lewiston and Biddeford. Rev. John Cullin was the 
first Catholic clergyman permanently located here, and remained about two 
years. He was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Wheelon, whose ministry occupied 
nearly six years. Rev. J. A. T. Durnin was the immediate successor of 
Father Wheelon, and remained 16 months. Rev. Michael Lucy came here in 
October, 1862. The church, St Joseph's, located on Main street, was built 
under the immediate direction of Father Lucy. The corner-stone was laid 
with appropriate ceremonies, June 13, 1864, Bishop Bacon, of Portland, 
officiating. The foundation was completed in the autumn of that year, and 
the building finished in 1867. The church cost •fr)r),000. Rev. Clement 
Mutsaers succeeded Father Lucy as pastor of the church. 

Rev. T. H. Wallace assumed charge of the church in August, 1876. 
During his ministry of 15 years he has done a marked work for St Joseph's 
church. It is now one of the strongest churches of the denomination in the 
state. Besides his ordinary church work he has superintended the building of 
the new church, St Patrick's, on Bates street, facing the park. It was com- 
menced in the spring of 1887, and the outside completed that year, and is now 
ready for occupancy. It is one of the finest church edifices in the state, all of 
its appointments being in the best and most approved style. It lias magnificent 
windows of stained glass, and the altars are of superior design and workman- 
ship. Connected with the church is the chapel, having an entrance from 
Walnut street, capable of seating 500 persons. The main building is about 
180x65 feet, with a seating capacity for 1,000 persons. The whole cost of the 
church is not far from $78,000. The lot, which is one of the most desirable in 
the city, cost 125,000. 

St Peters Qatholic (French) Church. — The first service held by the French 
Catholics was at the chapel (Irish) on Lincoln street, on July 2, 1870, by Rev. 
Edward Leternearn, who remained until October, 1871. He was succeeded 
by Rev. Peter Hevey, who held his first service October 11, 1871. October 
22, Father Hevey addressed his congregation on the importance of the erection 
of a house of worship, to which the society res[)onded with marked enthusiasm. 
A lot was first purchased on Bates, corner of Ash street, but was soon 
abandoned, and the lot on Bartlett street secured instead. The corner-stone 
of the new church edifice was laid July 7, 1872, in the presence of Bishop 
Bacon, The church was dedicated May 14, 1873, Bishop Bacon conducting 
the services. The building is of the Gothic style of architecture, and is built 
of brick with granite trimmings. It will seat 1,500 persons and cost 't75,000. 



City of Lewiston. 379 



Father Hevey was succeeded by Rev. A. Mothon, the present pastor. Tlie 
assistant pastors are Reverends B. Charmont, T. H. Morard, A. Maricourt, 
P. Duchaussoy, and R. Grolleaii. 

Schools. — Previous to 1795 tlie schools were undoubtedly conducted by 
private contributions. Tradition furnishes all the information we liave of the 
schools. Daniel Davis, who came in 1777, taught for several winters in his 
house, and his brother Amos, who came earlier, was probably employed in 
teaching. Amos Davis built, it is said, a small house for Mrs Poor, his relative, 
near the residence of Daniel B. Jones on Sabatis street, probably as early as 
1780, in which she taught school for a number of years. Dan Read, Esq., who 
came in 1788, was a school-teacher for several years. Noah Litchfield, who 
came in 1792, was employed in teaching. In the north part of the town John 
Chandler also taught, a part of the time, for nearly 10 years. In 1791 Mr 
David Gross taught in James Garcelon's house at " Garcelon's Ferry," and 
Mrs Thomas Mitchell taught in the west end of the Mitchell log house about 
1793. Mr Mitchell lived on the farm formerly owned and occupied by 
Colonel William Garcelon, and now owned by Captain Silas B. Osgood. 
Benning Wentworth taught in Mr Mitchell's house in 1799 and 1800 ; and 
Dr Barrett also taught in a small room in one end of James Ames's black- 
smith shop. Nearly all were private schools, supported by voluntary con- 
tributions, and were maintained for a long time after 1795. At the first town 
meeting, held April, 1795, it was voted to raise X60 for schools. May 6th, 
"voted to accept the districts as the Select men have Laid them out for school- 
ing." It was also " voted the Maj'r Part of Each District Should have power 
to Lay their money out as they See proper Either in Schools or building a 
house for that Purpose." The town was divided into six "Classes" or "Dis- 
tricts," and a "Collector" or "head" chosen for each. First Class. — Nathan 
Cutler was elected collector, comprising the northern part of the town. Second 
Class.— Abner Harris was collector, embracing what is now the city proper. 
Third Class. — Joel Thompson was collector, now known as Rose Hill district. 
Fourth Class. — Ezra Randall was elected collector, the Thorne district. Fifth 
Class. — Isaac Cotton, now the Clough district. Sixth Class. — William Garce- 
lon was elected collector, at Garcelon's Ferry. 

By authority granted by the town, district No. 3 built a school-house in 
1795, on the farm of Deacon Josiah Mitchell, opposite the house of Deacon 
Stephen Davis, the first in town. It served not only for a school-house, but 
for a town-house, and meeting-house for the Baptist church for nearly a quarter 
of a century. After several changes in the boundaries of the district, it was 
removed to Rose Hill, where it remained until the present school-house was 
erected in 1850. Subsequently it was sold to Horace B. Bartlett and removed 
to Orange street. It was torn down a few years since. The annual town 
meeting for 1796 was held in this house, and these appropriations made for 



380 History of Androscoggin County. 

building new school-houses: First class, Nathan Cutler, head, $166.67; second 
class, Noah Litchfield, head, $100; third class, Robert Anderson, head, 
$188.33; fourth class, Samuel Thorne, head, $50; fifth class, Isaac Cotton, 
head, $40; sixth class, Ezra Purinton, head, $100; seventh class, Ezra Randall, 
head, $66.66. The town also raised $100 for the support of schools. In 1797 
$100 was raised for schools, and the usual school officers — "Heads" — elected. 
District No. 7 was probably discontinued. The first district was authorized 
to expend their school mone}'^ in completing the school-house which they 
commenced the previous year. District No. 2 commenced a school-house in 
1797, but the town, April 1, 1797, refused to raise money towards its comple- 
tion; but in 1801 the district voted to build, selected a site, and chose a 
building committee. In March, 1802, the building committee decided to 
build "brick and mortar," but for some cause the enterprise failed, and the 
school-house was not built until 1804, and then of wood. This was the fifth in 
town, school-houses having been built in No. 4 in 1802, and in No. S in 1803. 

About 1802 Richard D. Harris came and commenced teaching. Mr Harris 
was a very energetic as well as a very enthusiastic teacher, and infused new 
life and vigor into our schools, but it did not assume a permanent form, for 
they lapsed into their former methods. Year after year the town voted money 
for schools, gradually increasing the sum, but not in proportion to the increase 
of population, until 1831, when $700 was voted. Previously the interest in 
education had somewhat advanced and private schools were opened in several 
[)arts of the town, under the direction of competent instructors. Hew. 
Benjamin Thorne, William Bond, and Aaron I). Thorne taught with unusual 
success and acquired more than an ordinary re[)utation as instructors of youth. 
During the decade previous to 1850 little progress was made in our schools. 
No one was especially interested in placing before the people the importance 
of appropriating more money for their support, or furnishing better accom- 
modations. The school-houses, Jis a rule, were poor, and constructed by 
persons having meagre knowledge of proper school buildings, and who knew 
as little how they ought to be furnished. In 1847 Rev. George Knox located 
here, and soon after commenced teaching private schools. He had progressive 
views of school work and soon won the confidence of the community, as well 
as the town, as a prudent and wise educator. He was soon placed on the 
school committee and afterwards elected supervisor, and could usually carry 
any a})proj)iiation he asked for. Under his supervision there was an advance 
not only in the village, but throughout the rural portions of the town. In 
1841 district No. 2, the village district, was divided, and that portion lying 
next the river was constituted a district by itself, and called No. 16 ; but in 
1850 this district was united with No. 2. 

During the summer of 1850 a two-story school-house was built in the 
village district, and a high school established under the direction of George W. 



City of Lewiston. 381 



Jewett, a teacher of much experience and rare ability. Mr Jevvett remained 
about two years. From tliis date the schools in the village assumed new life, 
and their progress has been constant. They are now justly recognized as 
among the best in the state. In 18(30 this district was authorized by act of the 
legislature, a})proved March 6, to choose three directors, who were invested 
with all the authority of school agents, and school committee, or supervisor. 
They were to determine the number of grades of schools and the number of 
schools in each grade, to classify the scholars, and to expend the money 
a[)portioned by the town to the district for the sup[)ort of schools. The 
inhabitants were authorized to adopt by-laws and regulations, not contrary to 
the constitution and laws of the state for the regulation of the schools. This 
was the first substantial movement for a system of graded schools. The two 
small schools in 1850 have become 21 ])rimaries, 8 intermediates, with a two 
years' course, a grammar school of ten classes with a four years' course, a high 
school having a four years' course with tliree courses of study, viz., an English, 
English classical, and college preparatory. Many of the school-houses are 
models in design, in architectural beauty and finish, as well as the character 
and style of the furniture. V>y a special act of the legislature in 1864, the 
district system was abolished and the town system ado[)ted. For more than a 
(quarter of a century this method has been tried with marked success. The 
great advantage which has grown out of this system is especially recognized in 
the rural schools of the city. These schools, whether large or small, have the 
same number of terms and generally the same number of weeks, are provided 
with better teachers, have an improved course (jf study, and many of the 
scholars have been ])repared for and have entered the high school and have 
graduated with credit to themselves as well as the school. All scholars of 
the city are admitted free who have the necessary qualifications. 

In 1872 tlie school board were authorized to su[)ply each pupil with text- 
books and school appliances free. Since that time our schools have been free 
indeed. Everything needed in the school-room, from the sub-primary to the 
high school, is furnished by the city and paid for with the money appropriated 
for this purpose. Besides the schools already mentioned, there has been in 
successful operation the .most of the time for 20 years a Normal Training 
School, where young ladies, mostly graduates of the high school, have had the 
advantages, under the direction of a skillful and experienced teacher, of 
training in the best methods of instruction and in school economy. Unques- 
tionably, this school has had much to do with the present high standard of the 
Lewiston schools. Every teacher enters the school-room with a commendable 
knowledge of the best methods of instruction recognized by the best educators 
in the country. Nor are they novices in teaching, for they have had a year's 
experience, and some of them more, under the instruction of a competent 
teacher, for this school unites the theory as well as the practice of teaching. 



382 History of Androscoggin County. 



The school board consists of 14 members, two from each ward in the city, one of 
whom is elected at the annual meeting in March for the term of two years. 
By this method at least one-half of the board has had an experience of one 
year in the management of the schools. In 1871 the school board elected a 
superintendent of schools, and since that time the office has been maintained. 
Mr G. A. Stuart is the present superintendent. 



CHAPTER XVin. 



Saw and Grist Mills — Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co. — R. C. Pingree & Co. — Read, 
Small & Co. — Barker's Mills — Other Mills — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co. — The 
First Cotton Mill — Lewiston Water-Power Co. — Franklin Co. — Liucoln Mill — Bates 
Manufacturing Co. — Hill Manufacturing Co. — Androscoggin Mill —Continental Mills — 
The Lewiston Mill — Avon Mill — Lewiston Bleachery — Cowan Woolen Co. — Cumherland 
Mill — Union Water-Power Co. — Lewiston Machine Co. — Gay-Woodman Co. — Jordan, 
Frost & Co. — Lewiston Bobbin Shop— H. H. Dickey & Sou — Lewiston Monumental 
Works — Other Manufactures. 

SAW AND Grist Mills. — The saw-mill erected by Lawrence J. Harris 
in 1770-71, on the river nearly where the Cowan Mill stands, was burned 
about 1785, soon after the death of Mr Harris. It is supposed the mills 
— saw and grist-mill — remained under his control during his life-time ; but they 
soon passed into the hands of Little and the heirs of Bagley. The mill was 
simple. There was no dam across the river, or canal, but the water was 
conveyed into a small pond by a small flume which extended into the river and 
rested on the ledge near the summit of the falls. A dam was built across the 
valley, just above the mill, which reached the hill on the eastern side, touching 
a spur of ledge on the river bank that formed part of the western portion of 
the dam. Several years after the erection of the saw-mill, Mr Harris built a 
grist-mill, taking the power from the same pond, but it was so near the river 
that after standing a few years it was undermined, and became a total loss. 
Soon after the destruction of the mill in 1785, it was rebuilt by the pro- 
prietors, but, like its predecessor, it was burned. In 1808-9 the first dam 
across the river here was built, and a canal made. The dam was built of 
timber, rudely constructed, and did not occupy the same position of those 
built later. On this canal, and on ground now covered by the northerly wing 
of the Lincoln Mill, Mr Little built, in 1801), a large wooden building, and had 



City of Lewiston. 383 



under one roof, saw, grist, and fulling mills. There was also a carding 
machine. In the spring of 1814 this mill was consuu)ed by fire, a total loss to 
Mr Little and a great misfortune to the people. These mills were undoubt- 
edly burned by the torch of tlic incendiary. Mr Little was much grieved by 
these manifestations of enmity. There was unquestionably much feeling in 
the community against Mr Little, but the sentiment was almost universal 
and pronounced against this wanton destruction of property. In a letter to 
Mr Amos Davis, written in March, 1815, Mr Little writes: 

My son, Michael, writes that the people of Lewiston and Minot are desirous to have a 
grist-mill and saw-mill built this season on the falls, and that the people would get in the 
timber that will be suitable for them, provided I would consent to put them up this season. 
If the people think the mills will be safe from the base incendiary, who has no more regard 
for one man than another, I will, with the assistance of the people, make one more trial to 
rebuild them. But I should like to have the timber cut on the old of the moon, that if it 
should be preserved from fire it might be more durable. 

A new mill much better than the one destroyed was built that season, which 
remained until about 1850, when it gave place to valuable improvements. 

Tlte Lewiston Falls Water-Power Companij^ in 1851, built a large saw-mill 
on the site now occupied by the pumping station of the Lewiston water works. 
It was a commodious building, furnished with the best of machinery for 
nninufacturing lumber, cost 157,000, and was leased to Captain Daniel Holland 
for five years. This mill was also destroyed by fire, on the evening of August 
28, 1852. Besides that part of the building occupied by Captain Holland, the 
basement was used by Cliarles Dean for planing lumber, having two pianino- 
machines; the chamber by Cyrus Parsons, who had one planing machine, and 
the attic by Wedgewood & Prescott, carpenters. There were 28 persons 
employed in the building. The Water-Power Company immediately rebuilt 
the mill, which, in March, 1856, was leased to Samuel 11. Bearce & Co., and 
used by them until the property was sold to the city. 

R. C. Pimjree ^ (Jo. — In 1805 S. R. Bearce & Co. built a large steam mill, 
(50x114 feet, costing nearly ^60,000, on the river about a fourth of a mile 
above the Maine Central station, where they commenced the manufacture of 
lumber in 1866. It is one of the best mills in the state, has gang, circular, 
shingle, clapboard, and lath saws, and planing machines. The power is a 250 
horse-power engine. The annual })roduction is about 13,250,000 feet of lono- 
lumber, 6,000,000 shingles, 850,000 laths, and 600,000 clapboards, valued at 
#250,000, and employs 100 men. Since the death of Mr Bearce the business 
has been carried on by R. C. Pingree & Co. Mr Pingree has been identified 
with the management of the mill ever since it was put in operation. 

Read., Small ^ Co. — A steam-mill, which cost $7,500, was built at Barker's 
Mills, in 1847, by Read, Small & Co. It had one shingle saw, one shingle and 
one lath machine. The mill was burned September 10, 1852, and rebuilt the 



384 History of Androscoggin County. 

same year. In October, 1859, it was purchased by James Wood & Co., and 
removed to the "Falls," about one-half mile above the Maine Central station. 
The company purchased about 14 acres of land on the river for a mill-yard 
and other purposes. In 1860 the company was incor[)orated as the Lewiston 
Steam-Mill C(nnpany, with a capital of -150,000, which, in 1867, was increased 
to $100,000. The corporators were Stephen H. Read, James Wood, John N. 
Wood, and John N. Small. The company bought 35,000 acres of timber 
land, mostly s})ruce, on the Androscoggin and its tributaries, employed 60 
men, disbursed about $3,500 per month, and manufactured annually 4,700,000 
long lumber, 2,400,000 laths, 1,900,000 shingles, and 195,000 clapboards, 
valued at $100,000. The com})any suspended operations in Se[)tember, 1887, 
and in October, 1888, the mill and adjoining land was sold to R. C. Pingree & 
(^o. for fl8,000. July 5, 1889, the mill was destroyed by fire. James Wood, 
Esq., was agent of the company from the commencement. 

B(irkrr\s M'dJs. — About 1775, Jacob Rarker built a grist-mill on the stream 
which takes its rise in Mine Meadow, Greene, and Hows into the Androscoggin 
two miles above the falls. For some years after the destruction of the 
Harris grist-mill this was the only one in the plantation. A few years later 
Mr Rarker built a saw-mill on the same stream, where he did considerable 
business in manufacturing lumber. These mills were rebuilt once or twice by 
his son, Cyrus liarker, and once in 1834 by his grandson. Nelson P. Barker. 
About 1870 they passed into the hands of Dwelley & Moore, who did an 
extensive business in the manufacture of meal and lumber. The mills have 
passed through several hands since 1865, and are now owned by Messrs 
Libby & Dingley. For more than a year they have not been in o})ei'ation. 

Not far from 1800 a saw-mill was built on the rips ()i)posite Roxer's Island, 
by William Blaisdell and Thomas Je[)Son, which was burned abcnit 1812. A 
saw-mill was early built on Stetson brook, by James Randall, which was 
removed to Auburn. A shingle mill, erected by Jamison and (liven, below 
the saw-mill, was standing in 1847. About 1800 Colonel Joel Thompson, 
Captain Isaac Cotton, and Captain Joseph Dill built a saw-mill at the outlet 
of No Name pond, where they manufactured considerable ship timber. 
Edward Estes had a saw-mill on the brook below the Stephen Hart place. It 
was built about 1820. The remains of a stone dam are now visible. 

Manufactures. — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing/ Compant/. — Some years 
previous to 1819 there was on the site of the new mill recently owned and 
operated by the Home Manufacturing Company, a small carding and fulling 
mill, owned, it is probable, by Mr Michael Little. The discovery of two or 
more leases given by Michael Little to different parties to operate these mills 
seems conclusive. Hitherto Colonel Josiah Little, father of Michael, has been 
regarded as the owner. Michael Little came here quite early, and resided in 
Lewiston and Minot for many years. He died in Minot, April 2, 1830. Mr 



City of Lewiston. 385 



Little graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1792. We are unable 
to fix the date when this mill was built, and it does not appear to have been 
very successful. It was in 1S19 that the services of Mr Dean Frye, father of 
Colonel John M. Frye, were obtained. Mr Frye came from Brunswick. He 
had had large experience in carding wool and finishing cloth. Under his 
management the business readily assumed an importance which it had never 
experienced. The mill was burned in 1829, but in 1880 anew mill, 38 x GO 
feet, and three stories high, was completed. The basement was occupied as a 
clothier's fulling mill, and the second story for carding rolls and finishing doth. 
It was under the management of Mr Dean Frye and his son, John M. Frye, 
whose previous experience and skill in business soon gave character and 
influence to the enterprise. Successful in these operations to an extent unusual 
for those days, the Messrs Frye were induced to make the experiment of 
manufacturing satinet. This new effort required more capital, as well as a 
broader basis of action, and to secure these a legislative charter for the 
Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Company (.flOO,000 capital) was obtained 
February 2(3, 1834. This was the first charter granted for manufacturing 
purposes in Lewiston. The corporators were John M. Frye and William 11. 
Frye. The organization was completed at once, the directors being Edward 
Little, Samuel Pickard, John A. Briggs, William R. Frye, and John M. Frye. 
The first meeting of the directors was held June 12, 1834, when Edward Little 
was elected president, Samuel Pickard, treasurer, and William II. Frye, clerk. 
June 30, 1834, John M. Frye was elected agent, with a salary of .f300 per 
annum, with the promise that if the business was successful -tSO should be 
added. The com])any immediately bought the falling mill and water privilege, 
with sufficient land for the new enterprise, of the Littles. The fulling mill 
was converted into a satinet mill, with two sets of machinery. These were the 
first looms "started up " in Lewiston. The success which attended this mill 
induced the company to enlarge their business, and, in I83r>, the brick mill 
called the cassimere mill was built, taking the name from the goods manu- 
I'actured. Hardly was the mill com[)leted before the s[)ring freshet of 1837 
undermined the mill on the river side, causing the whole wall to fall into the 
river. This misfortune, followed by the financial embarrassments of that year, 
were peculiarly disheartening. But, although young, without experience, and 
comparatively unknown in the market, yet the quality and texture of their 
goods secured the favorable notice of purchasers, commanded good prices, and 
brought early sales. For more than forty years these mills enjoyed unexampled 
prosperity. They were very prudently and wisely managed and their goods 
were readily sold. Much of the prosperity was due to the judgment and 
sound business ability of the agent. Colonel John M. Frye, and Samuel Pickard, 
Esq., who for many years was the treasurer. Colonel Frye remained agent 
until age and infirmities compelled him to retire. There were manufactured 



386 History of Androscoggin County. 

repellents, meltons, and cassiuieres to the amount of 230,000 yards per annum. 
There were six sets of machinery, which required 90 operatives, about one-half 
females. The monthly disbursements were '|52,000, and the annual consump- 
tion of wool 250,000 pounds, about one-half purchased in Maine. For several 
years after the retirement of Colonel Frye the mills were in operation but a 
part of the time, but in November, 1881, they were sold to D. Cowan & Co., 
and in January, 1882, passed into the control of the Home Manufacturing 
Company, a local corporation having a capital of -^100,000. The company run 
six sets of cards, 20 looms, manufactured 2,000 yards of flannels daily, and 
employed 50 operatives. The daily consumption of wool was 1,000 pounds, 
and the monthly pay-roll, |il,800. Recently the company closed operations 
and the plant has been sold to tlie Gay-Woodman Company. 

The First Cotton Mill. — About 1830 Mr John A. Briggs put up a wooden 
building on the site of the Cowan woolen mill. The rear of the building was 
three stories high, and the basement was occupied by a Mr Johnson, a machinist 
who did a small business. The second story was occupied by Colonel Temple 
Tebbets, a cabinet maker who did wood-turning, confining his business mostly 
to cabinet work. Mr Tebbets was a native of Lisbon and came here about 
1831-2. The upper story was occupied by Ephraim Wood for manufacturing 
cotton warps and batting. He was the pioneer in this place in the manufacture 
of cotton. He finally removed to Winthrop. Joseph B. Harding, of Gorham, 
became proprietor after Mr Wood. This was in 1840-41. He continued the 
manufacture of batting and cotton warps, and about 1844 made additions to 
the mill, putting in three looms for weaving cotton cloths. Mr Harding made 
the first cotton goods in Lewiston, and continued their manufacture for several 
years with considerable success. After Mr Harding sold out he removed to 
Yarmouth. The "old mill" was partially destroyed by fire March 17, 1850, 
and the remainder was removed by the Water-Power Company in April, to 
make room for the flour and grist-mill. ¥ov several years it liad been owned 
by the Water-Power Company and operated to some extent by them. 

LewiHton Water-Poioer Company. — The predecessor of this company, the 
Great Androscoggin Falls, Dam, Locks, and Canal Company, was incorporated 
February 23, 1836, with a capital of 8100,000, the charter being granted to 
Edward Little, Josiah Little, of Newbury, Thomas B. Little, Josiah Little, of 
Minot, Samuel Pickard, and Edward T. Little, their associates, etc., "for the 
purpose of erecting and constructing dams, locks, canals, mills, works, machines, 
and buildings on their own lands, and also manufacturing cotton, wool, iron, 
steel, and paper in the towns of Lewiston, Minot, and Danville." The corpo- 
rators owned the water-power and a large amount of land on both sides of the 
river in the immediate vicinity of the falls. In 1837 the company procured the 
services of Mr B. F. Perham, of Boston, a civil engineer, who made a survey 
and a plan, showing the survey and levels as well as profiles of different 



City of Lewiston. 387 



sections of the territory. This phm the company published. Desiring, a 
few years later, to establish cotton and woolen manufacturing to an extent 
hitherto unknown at the "Falls," the corporation, in 1845, secured a change of 
name to the Lewiston Water-Power Company, which was formally inserted in 
the charter by a vote of the company, November 19, 1845. Certificates of 
stock under the new name were issued to the share-holders, who soon sold 
them to parties in Boston. The Water-Power Company, from 184() to 1860, 
purchased several valuable lots of land on both sides of the river. In the 
spring of 1850 work was commenced on the canal. The first section, as far as 
the Bates Mills, was completed in May, 1851. The canal is 02 feet wide, 14 
feet deep, and the extensions made since 1851 have made it about three- 
fourths of a mile in length. There are several short, or cross canals, 
connecting the main canal with the river. The locks at the head of the 
canal are a fine piece of masonry, built of granite laid in cement, and contain 
18 large gates, and two fly-gates whose capacity is equal to six of the other 
gates. The capital of the company was increased, June 18, 1849, "-f 1,500, 000, 
to be divided into shares of -flOO each." From the commencement of opera- 
tions in 1850, and for several years afterwards, the company continued to 
improve and utilize the great water-power, and did much to develop the 
growth and prosperity of the town. Much of its land was put into the 
market, new streets were laid out and graded, and Lewiston assumed an air 
of activity and genuine thrift. 

FranJdin Company. — This company was incorporated April 3, 1854, with a 
capital of 11,000,000, but was not organized until November 25, 1856. It pur- 
chased the property of the Water-Power Company, assumed control in April 
following, and still controls a large portion of the original purchase. The 
spring freshet of 1862 carried away a section of the dam adjoining the eastern 
shore, which was replaced by a substantial granite dam during that year. In 
1863 and 1864 the remaining portions of the dam were built, the whole costing 
about $100,000. This is one of the most substantial granite dams in the country. 
The company owns the land near the falls on both sides of the river, and 
several hundred acres in and around the thickly settled portions of Lewiston 
and Auburn. It owns the Lincoln Mill, the Cowan Mill building, the 
DeWitt House, about one-fourth of the Bleachery, and many shops and 
buildings. The agents of the Lewiston Water-Power Company and the 
Franklin Company have been Mr Luke Bemis, Mr George L. Ward (who came 
about 1850), Benjamin I. Leeds, who remained until 1860, wlien Amos D. 
Lockwood, Esq., assumed the agency, which he retained about 11 years. Mr 
N. W. Farwell became agent in 1871, and resigned in February, 1873. From 
Mr Farwell's resignation the company had no local agent (the business being 
done generally by the clerk) until the appointment of the present agent, Mr 
Stephen Lee. 



388 History of Androscoggin County. 

Lincoln Mill. — The success which attended the manufacture of cotton 
cloths in the " Old Cotton Mill," induced a number of the most enterprising 
citizens of Lewiston to apply to the legislature for a charter to enable them to 
enter upon the business of making cotton cloths to an extent not before 
attempted. The charter to the Lewiston Falls Cotton Mill Company, with a 
capital of #100,000, was granted March 1, 1845, the corporators being Calvin 
Gorham, James Lowell, Elisha Stetson, Daniel Cary, Daniel Briggs, John M. 
Frye, Nelson B. Reynolds, Howe Weeks, Stephen Davis, Edward Little, and 
Alonzo Garcelon. The proprietors soon commenced the construction of the 
mill, Captain Daniel Holland, contractor. There was a large excavation to be 
made in the ledge where the eastern extremity of the mill was to rest, that 
consumed considerable time. The foundation was completed and the brick 
work commenced September 1, 1815. Before the mill was completed it was 
bought (March 5, 1846,) by the Water-Power Company. It was finished 
during the summer, and the first loom "started up" October 5, 1846. Mr 
Zeba Bliss was superintendent of the mill for several years. The building was 
46x102 feet in size, and five stories high. This enterprise was very successful. 
The goods made were plain slieetings of a standard quality, and found a ready 
market. In 18(57 and 1868 additions were made, increasing its capacity several 
fold. The Franklin Company concluded to make an addition to the Hill 
machine shop, connect it with the Lincoln Mill, and convert it into a cotton 
factory. Besides this the mill received an addition of 53 feet on the eastern 
end. These extensions and additions increased its capacity from 5,472 to 
21,747 spindles. The Lincoln Mill, as it now stands, is 56x182 feet, and five 
stories high. With its present machinery it is capable of annually producing 
3,000,000 yards of forty-inch sheetings, and consuming 1,040,000 pounds of 
cotton. It requires 124 males and 280 females when in full operation. The 
mill has not run since July, 1884. 

Batefi Mainifacturinfi Cornpany. — Bates, No. 1, was the first cotton factory 
erected after the Water-Power Company commenced the development of the 
manufacturing interests. This company was incorporated in 1850. The cor- 
porators were Alexander DeWitt, Thomas B. Little, Jacob W. Pierce, Thomas 
I. Hill, Silas Titcomb, and George L. Ward. Immediately after incorporation 
the company commenced the construction of this mill, which was completed and 
put in operation in 1852. As originally built it was 60 x 280 feet, and four stories 
high. It is situated on the west side of the main canal, less than one-fourth of 
a mile south of Main street. Soon after it was in operation the company com- 
menced a second mill situated only a few rods south of No. 1. No. 2 " was 
started " in 1854, and was the same size of No. 1 (60 x 280), and four stories high. 
In 1863 the company began its third (woolen) mill, which commenced manu- 
facturing in 1865. No. 3 is 50 x 170 feet in size and three stories high. When 
operated as a woolen mill it manufactured Moscow beavers, repellents, fancy 



City of Lewiston. 389 



cassirneres and slasher cloths, making 118,925 yards per annum. It had 8 sets 
of machinery, 30 broad looms, and required 125 operatives, 50 of whom were 
females. More tlian 350,000 pounds of wool were consumed yearly. July 10, 
1878, the woolen mill was damaged by fire, and in October it was changed to a 
cotton mill. In 1882 there were large additions made to No. 1 and two other 
mills by putting on another story to each, extending No. 1 to the cross canal, 
and adding about 30 feet to the southerly end of No. 2. These mills have been 
run with more than ordinary success, under the direction of Messrs D. M. 
Ayer, C. I. Barker, and H. L. Pratt, who have successively been agents. The 
number of spindles is 58,392. There are 1,333 narrow and 202 broad looms. 
There are 1,865 operatives employed; 1,039 are females. There are annually 
consumed 5,230,132 pounds of cotton, and the value of dyes used is more than 
163,000. The liates manufactures fancy goods, Marseilles, crochet, and com- 
mon quilts, dress goods, ginghams, etc., etc., amounting to 15,032,077 yards 
per annum. The pa^^-roll for two weeks is -^23,1 25. Resides the mills there 
is a large dye-house, cloth-hall, two pickers, two cotton houses, and a repair 
shop. Its capital is !|1,000,000. 

Hill 31<tnufacturin(/ Company/. — Among our manufacturing enterprises none, 
with a single exception, has been so long under the management of one agent 
as the Hill Corporation. This company was incorporated August 16, 1850. 
Benjamin E. Bates, Thomas B. Little, Albert H. Kelsey, Seth W. Fowle, 
and George L. Ward were the corporators. The capital was -^350,000, which 
has been increased to 'fl,000,000. The company operates two mills and 
manufactures cotton goods exclusively. The first mill. No. 1, was completed 
in 1854 and put in operation immediately. Its second mill. No. 2, was not 
finished until 1864, when manufacturing commenced. These mills are 69x216 
feet, and six stories high. Connected with the mills are two pickers, four stories 
high. There are 53,976 spindles, and 1,238 looms; 700 persons are employed, 
500 of whom are females. There are 8,700,000 yards of line sheetings, 
shirtings, satteens, contils, and twills manufactured, annually, which require 
2,400,000 pounds of cotton. The monthly pay-roll amounts to 120,000. Mr 
J. G. Coburn has been agent since it commenced operations until recently. 
Mr William D. Pennell is now agent. 

Androscoggin Mill. — This is one of the mammoth cotton mills of the 
country. It was incorporated in 1854 as the Arkwright Company, with a 
capital of 't500,000, Benjamin E. Bates, A. H. Kelsey, and George L. Ward 
being the corporators. It does not appear that any business was done b}^ this 
corporation, but in 1860 the name was changed to the Androscoggin Company, 
and the capital increased to !|1 ,000,000. Immediately the company began the 
mill, and commenced manufacturing in 1861. The mill is 74 x 542 feet, five 
stories high, with two wings each 48 x 100 feet, with four stories. The second 
mill is 74 x 180 feet, and three stories high. This mill commenced operations in 



390 History of Androscoggin County. 



1867. The third mill is 74 x 166 feet and three stories in height, and was started 
up in 1872. The Androscoggin Mill has 61,912 spindles, and 1,455 looms. It 
employs 960 operatives; 610 are females. The annual production is 10,400,000 
yards of sheetings, seersuckers, shirtings, and satteen jeans, and 3,000,000 
seamless bags. They consume 60 tons of starch. A. D. Lockwood was 
agent from 1861 until 1870, when J, W. Danielson became agent. W. F. 
Goulding succeeded Mr Danielson, and retained the position until his death, 
April 16, 1885, when David Pheteplace became agent. Mr Pheteplace was 
succeeded by George W. Bean, the present agent. 

Continental Mills. — This company was incorporated February 4, 1865, 
with a capital of $1,500,000. The corporators were A. H. Fiske, Benjamin E. 
Bates, and Josiah Bardwell. In 1866 the company purchased the Porter Mill, 
which commenced manufacturing as early as 1858, and changed the name to 
Continental Mills. In 1872 the company enlarged the original mill by an 
addition of 230 feet in length by 75 feet in width, five stories high, making the 
building 554 feet long. There was also added a wing, 346 feet in length and 
75 feet in width. The building is covered with a Mansard roof. It has 
75,000 spindles and 1,650 looms. The whole number of employds is 1,200; 
900 females. There are used annually 6,000,000 pounds of cotton. The 
annual production is 18,500,000 yards of brown sheetings and drills, and 
150,000 pounds of batting. The monthly pay-roll is $40,000. There have 
been four agents, viz.: R. A. Budlong, Stephen I. Abbott, E. S. Davis, and 
the present agent, H. L. Aldrich, Jr. 

Lewiston Mill. — This company was incorporated February 8, 1853, as the 
Lewiston Bagging Company, with a capital of $50,000; A. H. Kelsey, George 
L. Ward, Edward A. Raymond, and Marshall French, corporators. For several 
years the company leased rooms in the Cowan Woolen Mill, and subsequently 
occupied rooms in the Continental Mill. In 1860 it commenced the erection 
of its first mill, which was completed and put in operation in 1861. This mill 
is 72x164 feet and four stories high, with a wing 50x121 feet, also four stories 
in height. The second mill was completed in 1866, and is 72 x 108 feet, 
having a wing 43x95 feet, four stories in height. In 1863 the corporation was 
authorized to change its name to Lewiston Mill and increase its capital 
$300,000. The mill had 18,792 spindles, and manufactured tickings, cotton- 
ades, osnaburgs, fancy, plaid, stripe, and plain, — colored ducks, and cotton bags. 
It also manufactured 800,000 pounds of yarn per annum. It employed 800 
operatives, 520 of whom were females. The annual consumption of cotton 
was 4,200,000 pounds. In July, 1886, the company suspended operations and 
the mill was idle until May 1, 1889, when a new company was formed, and the 
plant purchased. The new company was incorporated in 1889 with a capital 
of $300,000. The stock is largely owned in this community. The company 
runs 23,140 spindles and 593 looms, and employs 300 males and 400 females. 



City of Lewiston. 391 



and manufactures tickings, cottonades, osnaburgs, fancy, plaid, stripe, plain, 
and colored ducks, turkey-red damasks, domett-llannels, horse- netting-, and 
fly-clotlis, and up to January, 1<SU1, cotton bags. The company consumes 
4,200,000 pounds of cotton per annum. It dyes 800,000 pounds of goods 
annually, and expends for dyes about ■1f!30,000. The monthly pay-roll and 
disbursements in Lewiston is 'flG,O00. C. I. Barker, agent. 

Avon Mill. — This company was incorporated in 1882, commenced the erec- 
tion of the mill June 1, 1882, and begun manufacturing in March, 1883. 'I'lie 
mill is 50x100 feet in size, with bleachery, 24x50 feet; dye house, 50x67 
feet; 75 persons are employed, 50 of whom are females. The whole number 
of looms is 56, 24 of which are broad. At the Avon arc manufactured fancy, 
colored, and crochet quilts and Turkish towels. The number of quilts pro- 
duced annually is 204,000, and 840,000 towels. Monthly disbursements, 
-t2,000. January 1, 18<»1, the capital was *100,000; A. I). Barker, agent ; F. 
H. Packard, treasurer. 

Lewiaton Bleacher]/ (ind Dije Workn. — The bleachery commenced operations 
in 1860, having been leased by the Franklin Company to Mr N. W. Farwell, 
who did an extensive business until 1870. On the expiration of Mr Farwell's 
lease extensive repairs were made, and, in January, 1872, the Lewiston 
Bleachery and Dye Works was incorporated, with a chartered right to hold 
property to the amount of #1,000,000. The corporators were Lyman Nichols, 
Benjamin E. Bates, and William B. Wood. The bleachery is now owned by 
the Franklin, Androscoggin, and Bates companies, and the Pepperell and 
Laconia companies, of Biddeford. It is now able to turn out 30 tons of 
bleached goods a day, and employs 438 operatives, 35 of whom are females. 
The monthly pay-roll is 'S45,000. The dye works consume $100,000 worth of 
drugs and dyes per annum; and the value of finished goods amounts to 
l|5,400,000. A box-shop connected with the bleachery manufactures 180 cases 
daily, and uses yearly 2,100,000 feet of spruce lumber. The annual consump- 
tion of coal is 6,000 tons; lime, 1,800 barrels; soda-ash, 360,000 pounds; 
bleaching powders, 260,000 pounds; sulphuric acid, 6,000 carboys; potato 
starch, 80 tons ; wheat and corn starch, 200 tons ; sago flour, 50 tons ; flour, 
24 tons. 

Cowan Woolen Company. — Early in 1864, D. M. Ayer & Co. leased rooms 
in the grist-mill building, now the Cowan Mill, for manufacturing cotton and 
woolen goods. In the autumn the machinery was completed and manufact- 
uring commenced. Subsequently Mr Ayer sold to D. Cowan & Co., who 
continued the business. For a number of years the company was known as 
the Aurora Mills, but was finally changed to the Cowan Mill. The mill was 
started with 3 sets of machinery and 12 broad looms. Mr Cowan continued 
his connection until his death, and under his supervision the goods produced 
here were justly recognized as among the best in the market. The Cowan 



392 HisTOKY OF Andkoscoggin County. 



Woolen Company was organized in 1888, purchased the property, and have 
made additions, and put in much new machinery. They now have 8 sets of 
machinery, run 40 broad k)oms, have 180 employes (60 females), manufacture 
300,000 yards of fancy cassimeres, suitings, and overcoatings. The monthly 
pay-roll is -18,700. Frederick Olfene, agent. 

Cii/mherland Mill. — This mill commenced manufacturing in 1868, and was 
owned by J. L. H. Cobb & Co. Subsequently it came into the possession of 
Mr P. M. Thurlow, one of the original proprietors. It is now owned by 
Messrs W. S. Libby and H. M. Dingley. It is 50 x 72 feet, and three stories 
in height. It commenced operations with three sets of machinery which has 
been increased to six sets. There are 50 employes, 25 females. The monthly 
pay-roll amounts to f2,000. They manufacture Cumberland repellents (blacks, 
browns, blues, and grays), the annual production being 300,000 yards. The 
annual consumption of wool is 325,000 i)ounds. 

Union Water-Power Co7)q)anjj. — This company was organized September 
18, 1878. The organization was the result of the purchase by the city of 
the water-works rights. It has a capital stock of t|400,000, owned by the 
Franklin, Bates, Androscoggin, Continental, Hill, and Bleacliery corporations. 
This company purchased of the Franklin Company the canals and water 
privileges in Lewiston, and are the owners of all the lands, dams, and watev 
privileges (purchased of Coe & Co.), controlling the head waters of the 
Androscoggin. It rents to the several corporations their water-power. 

Leunsfon Machine Compeiny. — This was incorporated February 4, 1865, with 
a capital of $200,000, the corporators being Samuel W. Kilvert, Josiah G. 
Coburn, Nathaniel W. Farwell, David M. Ayer, and Rhodes A. Bndlong. Soon 
after organization it purchased the machinery and tools of the old Hill 
machine shop, which was subsequently removed to the foundry building near 
the Maine Central depot. This was bnilt about 1852, enlarged in 1865 and 
again in 1866. In 1868 the interior was remodeled, and it is now one of the 
best-appointed establishments in the state. The company employs 200 persons, 
and has a monthly pay-roll of $10,000. It manufactures iron and brass cast- 
ings, and cotton machinery. 

Cray-Woodma7i Company. — This is the only shoe manufacturing company 
in the city, and is incorporated with a capital of $150,000. It occupies a 
wooden building, 125x75 feet, and six stories high, on lower Main street, 
opposite Maine Central station, and commenced to manufacture here in July, 
1883. It employs 400 males and 150 females, and manufactures 40,000 cases 
of men's boots and shoes annually. They run 150 stitching machines, six 
McKay sewing machines, two standard sewing machines, one Goodyear welt, 
one Goodyear stitcher, and two Hautin sewing machines. Weekly pay-roll, 
13,000. Charles Gay is president, and T. E. Eustis, treasurer. This firm had 
its commencement in 1875, when Charles Gay & J. O. Foss employed 75 hands 



City of Lewiston. 393 



and produced 200 cases of shoes weekly, at No. 2 Roak Block, Auburn. This 
firm became Gay, Foss & Co., in 1878, by W. H. Foss joining it. In 1879 200 
hands were employed. In 1883 the firm became Foss, Packard & Co., by the 
advent of H. M. Packard and R. M. Mason ; Mr Gay retiring to form, with J. 
C. Woodman, Willard Linscott, and H. A. Packard, the firm of Gay, Wood- 
man & Co. 

Jordan, Frost ^ Co., manufacture mouldings and all kinds of finishing 
material. They employ 25 men. Their weekly pay-roll is 1)250. They handle 
about 7,000,000 feet of lunrber yearly. 

R. C. P'mgree ^- Co. — In connection with their large lumber mill before 
mentioned, this firm manufactures all kinds of moulding and house finish, 
doors, sash and blinds ; also stair rails, posts, and wooden mantels in their mill 
near lower Maine Central station, where they employ 38 men. 

Lewistoti Bobbin Shop. — This company manufactures about 2,000,000 
bobbins annually, and employs about 25 men, with a monthly pay-roll of $000. 
The value of their annual production is >$25,000. 

IT. H. Dickey .f So-ii (William Dickey) manufacture belts, rolls, etc., on 
the canal, near Main street, and employ 10 men. (See page 236.) 

Letviston 3Ionumental Works, 12 Bates street, Jolm P. Murphy, manager, 
employs over 100 men, and does an extensive business in manufacturing 
monuments, mural tablets, etc. J. J. McKenna employs six men in marble 
and granite working, at 182 Main street. J. J. O'Connell, in same business, 
employs six hands at 137 Main street. 

Carman (^ Thompson, 48 Main street, employ nearly 50 men in making and 
fitting steam-heating apparatus, engines, etc. 

FuKNiTURE, ETC. — Bradford, Conant ^- Co., 199-201 Lisbon street, manu- 
facturers and wholesale and retail dealers, continue the business established by 
Pinkham & Bradford in 1835. This firm later became Bradford & Conant, 
and in 1803 Bradford, Conant & Co. (J. C. Bradford, Granville Blake, Mrs L. 
W. Conant). The factory is at East Auburn. L. L. Blake i^ Co., 155 Lisbon 
street, manufacturers and dealers in furniture, etc., began business in 1856, the 
firm then being A. K. P. & L. L. Blake. Since 1864 the latter has conducted 
trade alone. Daniel Allen jf Co., 225 Lisbon street, manufacturers and dealers 
in furniture, have been in trade for 20 yeais, first as Carter, Allen & Maxwell, 
and since 1878 with present name. 

Contractors and Brick Makers. — The skill of the contractors and 
builders of Lewiston has been often commented upon, and the elegant houses 
s[)ringing up under their hands in every part of the two cities bear witness to 
this and to their business capacity. Among those in stone work prominently 
stands the Bearce Jj' Clifford Constructio^t Co., 242 Main street, who at times 
employ 100 men, and in their trucking department from 20 to 30 men and 
60 to 70 horses. Others in this line are: George W. Lane & Co., 90 Pierce 



394 History of Androscoggin County. 



street; B. M. Dixon, 35 Sabatis street; S. D. Thomas, Sabatis street; W. A. 
Libby, 26 Pine street. Among those in wood-work are: Hodgkins, Foss & Co. 
(also sash, doors, and bHnds), 7 Main street; J. E. Cloutier, 217 Bhike 
street; G. E. Lown & Sons, 268 Main street; Wood & Crockett, 266 Main 
street. Several are extensively engaged in brick-making. J. H. Pettengill 
& Son have a yard on Upper Main street near Jepson brook. They are 
descendants of two pioneer families — Pettengill and Harris. Horace Libby 
and Levi S. Ware also have yards near Jepson brook. The Burnt Woods 
District has furnished many bricks, and the Franklin Company have extensive 
operations there. 

Other Industries. — Adams Jf Johnson employ 10 men in manufacturing 
doors, sash, etc. ; D. B. Stevens has 10 men in the same business. Both are on 
the cross canal. Gihbs <f Daiti, in Grand Trunk yard, manufacture sash ; 
employ 14 men; use over 250,000 feet of lumber annually and are increasing 
their business. J^. M. Leavitt employs six men in making lasts; makes 15,000 
pairs yearly. J. B. Ham ^ Co. (established 1872), and 0. S. Ham have grist- 
mills. The first firm, near Grand Trunk station, grinds 200,000 bushels of 
meal yearly, employing five hands. O. S. Ham grinds 150,000 bushels of meal 
yearly; employs four hands. Edward Joyce employs 10 hands in making loom 
harnesses, on Lincoln street and cross canal. P. P. G-etchell manufactures furs 
to the amount of $10,000 yearly, employing eight hands. Bates Street Shirt 
Company employ a large number in making shirts, doing a business of '$75,000 
yearly. E. C. Ajidrews ^ Co.., 72 Lisbon street, employ from 8 to 10 men 
in making felt hats, and do a fine business. Charles W. Covell employs 7 
men in making harnesses. W. H. Hackett and Wade <f Dmiton make carriages; 
the latter employ 18 men at 29 to 35 Park street. There are numerous others, 
employing from 2 to 10 hands. 



City of Lewiston. 395 



CHAPTER XIX. 

Railroads — County and State Agricultural Societies —Fire Department — Lewiston Gas 
Light Company — Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association —Lewiston City 
Buildings— City Park — Soldiers' Monument — Lewiston Water Works — Lewiston & 
Auburn Horse Railroad — First National Bank — Manufacturers National Bank — Andros- 
coggin County Savings Bank — People's Savings Bank — Board of Trade— Central Maine 
General Hospital — French Hospital — Y. M. C. A. — Nealey Rifles — Frye Light Guards- 
Associations. 

RAILROADS. — In 1849 railroad facilities came to Lewiston. On March 
24 the Androscoggin & Kennebec Railroad was opened to Lewiston. 
The legislature, February 15, 1860, authorized the Androscoggin Rail- 
road Company to extend its railroad from Leeds to the Kennebec river, or to 
form a junction with the Portland & Kennebec at Topsham or Brunswick. 
The company decided to locate the road from Lewiston to Brunswick, and to 
extend the road from Leeds Junction to Crowley's. It was opened for travel 
in October, 18(11. In July, 1871, it was consolidated with the Maine Central. 
The company has completed this season an elegant station house at the Upper 
station. Charles C. Benson has been station agent for many years. The 
Lower (Main street) station is handsomely arranged. Henry H. Hanson, 
station agent. 

The Lewiston ^ Auburn Railroad. — The high tariff and unjust discrimina- 
tion of the Maine Central Railroad against Lewiston and Auburn was sufficient, 
in the estimation of the citizens of these two cities, as well as the management 
of the several corporations, whose directors resided out of the place, to justify 
them in securing a charter for the construction of a competing line to connect 
with the Grand Trunk Railway. The legislature was petitioned in 1872 for a 
charter. The Maine Central vigorously opposed the measure, but February 
10, 1872, the legislature granted a charter to N. W. Farwell, J. G. Coburn, 
George H. Pilsbury, C. I. Barker, E. S. Davis, J. W. Danielson, and 39 other 
citizens of Lewiston and Auburn, for a railroad "from some point in the city of 
Lewiston to some point on the Atlantic & St Lawrence Railroad, within the 
limits of the city of Auburn." After the charter was obtained, satisfactory terms 
were made by the manufacturing corporations with the Maine Central Railroad 
for transportation ; but this arrangement did not include any reduction in pas- 
senger or freight tariff for the citizens. The public mind was somewhat stirred 
by this movement on the part of the Maine Central. Having secured all they 
desired (the reduction in freights), the corporations exhibited strong opposition 



396 History of Androscoggin County. 

to the construction of the new railroad. The people soon showed that they 
were determined that the railroad should be built, and, April 9, 1872, by an 
almost unanimous vote, they requested the mayor to subscribe for 2,245 shares 
of the stock at .flOO per share. This action was opposed by a few in the 
interests of the corporations, who presented a petition at the January term of 
the Supreme Judicial Court in 1873, for an injunction to restrain the treasurer 
of Lewiston from paying the installments as they matured. Able counsel was 
employed by both sides, and, after a hearing of nearly three days, the 
court. Judge Kent presiding, dismissed the petition for want of jurisdiction. 
An appeal was taken, and the case went to the law court. In April another 
petition for an injunction was presented, which also went to the law court. 
These cases were kept in court several years and dismissed. After the 
railroad was completed it was leased to the Grand Trunk for 99 years. The 
stock held by the two cities would sell for more than its face value. The Lew- 
iston station is on Lincoln street ; Thomas N. Brown, general agent. 

Androscoggin County Agricultural Society. — September 13, 1851, many of 
the farmers of this vicinity met at Lewiston to consider the formation of an 
agricultural society, embracing towns in this locality, and it was voted to 
petition the legislature for a charter. The legislature of 1852 granted a 
charter to Samuel Moody, Alonzo Garcelon, Ebenezer Ham, William R. 
Wright, John M. Frye, Archibald Wakefield, Samuel Pickard, Sewall Moody, 
James Lowell, John Lombard, Jesse Davis, Elisha Stetson, Elijah Rarrell, and 
Asa Garcelon, for the purpose of organizing a society to be called the West 
Lincoln Agricultural and Horticultural Society., which was to embrace the 
towns in the county of Lincoln west of the Kennebec river, also Durham, 
Danville, Poland, Auburn, Minot, Greene, and Wales. The society organized 
in 1852, and elected Elijah Barrell, of Greene, president; William R. Wright, 
of Lewiston, recording secretary; Mark Lowell, treasurer; Ebenezer Ham, 
agent. The society held its first show and fair at Lewiston, October 18 and 19, 
1852, when the Rev. D. T. Stevens, of Auburn, delivered an able and inter- 
esting address. The society then numbered 284 members, and the proceeds 
of the fair amounted to about |300. In 1854 the name was changed to the 
Androscoggin County Agricultural and Horticultural Society., and embraced in 
its territory all the towns of this county. In 1856 land was purchased on the 
west of the Maine Central Railroad, now crossed by Holland and other streets, 
where the society held annual shows and fairs for several years; but the 
grounds were finally abandoned, and the stock was exhibited elsewhere. For 
several years the society united with the state society, but recently have held 
their annual exhibits at Livermore Falls. 

The Maine State Agricultural Society. — In the latter part of 1881, the 
Maine State Agricultural Society bought the track and land which had been 
occupied by the Androscoggin Driving Park Association, and fitted them up 



City of Lewiston. 397 



for the use of the society. These grounds are less than two miles from the 
city and adjoin the line of the Maine Central Railroad. Wliile the society did 
not vote to locate permanently at Lewiston, it did decide to secure these 
grounds, and has since enlarged them by purchase. They now have grounds 
not only large enough for a half-mile track, but sufficient for their accommo- 
dations. The society has built several buildings for the accommodation of 
those who exhibit at the fair, among which is a large hall for the exhibition 
of dairy products, agricultural implements, and machinery. Access to the 
fair grounds from the city is secured by means of the steam and horse cars. 

Fire Department. — Androscoggin, No. 1, Fire Company was organized 
October 20, 1849, with Luke Bemis, foreman ; Jacob 15. Ham, first assistant 
foreman ; Benjamin Dunn, second assistant foreman ; and Zeba F. Bliss, clerk. 
The engine, the first owned by the Village Corporation, was built for the town 
by Hunneman & Co., of Boston, in 1849, and was in active service for more 
than 25 years. After a few years a second engine was purchased, and these 
two engines were the only ones belonging to the department until 1866, when 
the city ordered of J. B. Johnson, of Portland, one of his steam fire engines, 
which cost -14,500, but it was constantly out of repair and was finally condemned. 
In 1868 the city ordered of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company a steam 
fire engine. Although rated a second class it has done excellent service and is 
now a very valuable machine. In 1878 the steamer L. C. Peck, No. 4, was 
built by the Amoskeag Company at a cost of |4,250. This engine is a first- 
class machine, is larger than the previous one and more effective. Connected 
with the department are three hose companies and one hook and ladder com- 
pany. The force of the department consists of a chief engineer, four assistant 
engineers, superintendent of fire-alarm, engineer of steamers, and 55 men. 
The fire-alarm telegraph was put in in 1880, and has 27 signal boxes connected 
with it and about 21 miles of telegraph wire. The legislature of 1891 passed 
a bill which places the fire department under the control of a commission 
consisting of five members. It was the design of the framer of the bill to place 
the department under the control of a non-partisan commission, hoping thereby 
to make it more effective and permanent. 

Lewiston Gras Light Company. — This company was incorporated in 1853, 
John M. Frye, Samuel Pickard, William R. Frye, George L. Ward, Alonzo 
Garcelon, Edward T. Little, Daniel Holland, and Mark Lowell being the 
corporators. The company has a capital of -$75,000, and commenced the 
manufacture of eras in 1854. These works are situated near the bank of the 
river, in the rear of the Androscoggin Mill. There are three brick buildings 
connected with the works. The gasometer is 60 feet in diameter, and 40 feet 
in depth, with a capacity of 120,000 feet. In 1886 the works were changed 
from coal to water-gas, the company operating under the Granger patents. 
They manufacture 17,000,000 cubic feet of gas annually. 



398 History of Androscoggin County. 



Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association. — This association was 
started by the munificence of the several corporations of Lewiston, over 30 
years ago, and donations were made by them, books purchased, rooms fitted 
up, and a library opened in 18(30. It was the intention to make it self- 
supporting. To secure this, two grades of membership were established, one, 
a life membership, costing |5, and an annual membership, costing |1. The 
founders purposed to continue annual subscriptions to purchase new books, 
hoping thus to secure, in a few years, a valuable library. But these expecta- 
tions were only partially realized. The income only paid a part of the 
expenses, and the growth was slow. The library was opened in College Block, 
and was removed to the City Hall on its completion, and a new era in the life 
of the library association then began. The city gave the rent, the subscrip- 
tions paid the expenses, and the donations of the corporations were applied to 
the purchase of books. Care was exercised in the selection of books, so that 
in a few years Lewiston possessed one of the most valuable libraries, of its 
size, in New England. When it was burned with the City Hall, it contained 
11,000 volumes, some of them rare works on local history. 

Citi/ Buildings. — In 1866 the city purchased a lot on the corner of Park 
and Pine streets, for the purpose of erecting at some time a city building. 
Rooms had been obtained for the accommodation of the city government first 
in the Journal Block, and subsequently in Central Block, where they remained 
until June 12, 1870, when Central Block was partially destroyed b}^ fire, and 
the rooms occupied by the city government and Central Hall, the largest in 
the city, was destroyed. The city found other rooms in the Savings Bank 
Block, just completed. In the reconstruction of Central Block the proprietors 
decided not to rebuild the hall, and Lewiston had no place for public meetings. 
This want of a suitable hall, the inconvenience of the rooms occupied by the 
city government, and other considerations, caused the erection of a city 
building to be earnestly advocated. Land was purchased on Pine and Lisbon 
streets, extending the lot to Lisbon street. Discussions were long and earnest 
in the city government, in which the people participated. Finally it was 
determined to submit the subject to the citizens for settlement. A meeting 
was called February 18, 1871, at which the people, by a vote (768 to 85), 
decided in favor of a city building, and William H. Stevens, John M. Frye, 
Archibald Wakefield, Cyrus I. Barker, David Cowan, William S. Rogers, 
Horace ]■>. Bartlett, and Isaac C. Downes were appointed to superintend the 
construction. The plans and specifications presented by Mr Meacham, of 
Boston, were accepted. The mason work was awarded to Mr J. P. Norton, 
of this city, and the carpenter work was done by the day under the direction 
of ex-Mayor William H. Stevens. The corner-stone was laid by the mayor, 
Alonzo Garcelon, July 4, 1871, who delivered a very interesting historical 
sketch of Lewiston. The building was completed in December, 1872, and 



City of Lewiston. 399 



dedicated with imposing ceremonies, December 5, Dr Alonzo Garcelon reading 
a very interesting sketch of the town and city. 

It was built of brick with granite trimmings and decorations, and was 
generally of Gothic architecture, with an immense mansard roof, 32 feet high, 
which was broken into almost every variety of shape by gables and Gothic 
devices. The windows of the mansard were luthern, faced with turned 
columns with beautiful capitals that blended harmoniously with the surround- 
ing decorations. The building extended 165 feet on Park street, with a 
frontage of 180 feet on Pine street, covering the whole distance between Park 
and Lisbon streets, and 40 feet on Lisbon street. From the sidewalk the walls 
rose 106 feet to the cornice. The mansard roof crowned the whole, vvith the 
exception of about 50 feet which fronted on Lisbon street. The corner of 
Pine and Park streets possessed one of the chief architectural ornaments of 
the building. A tower projecting eight feet from the main wall on the Pine 
street side contained one of the main entrances and the great staircase which 
extended from the ground floor to the roof. This tower was surmounted by a 
turret belfry. The spire rose 206 feet from the sidewalk, ending in a finial, 
bearing an immense vane. The interior, in point of design and beauty, was 
on a scale commensurate with the exterior. It contained 80 rooms. The 
basement contained the police quarters, city prison, boiler-rooms, etc., and the 
first story the municipal court room, aldermen's and councilmen's rooms, 
library rooms, and rooms for the city officers; in the second story, whose plane 
was 31 feet above the sidewalk, was the city hall, anterooms, cloak rooms, etc. 
The hall was of beauty and magnificence, then unequaled by any in New 
England. It was 80x165 feet, surrounded by over 400 feet of corridors, with 
galleries on all sides. The ceiling was 37 feet in the clear, and was beautifully 
frescoed. The hall would seat 2,272 people. The size of the building, which 
cost over $200,000, is shown by these statistics: There were two acres of 
flooring and 80 rooms in it. 20,000 yards of plastering, 1,400,000 feet of lumber, 
3,000,000 bricks, 60 tons of slate, and 150,000 pounds of iron, were used in its 
construction, and it was lighted by 741 gas jets. This magnificent structure, 
for nearly 20 years the pride of our people, was destroyed by fire on the 
evening of January 7, 1890, and nothing of value was left. Competent judges 
pronounced the standing walls dangerous, and they were removed. In 1890 
work was commenced on the new city building. This is 160x90 feet in size, 
fronts Pine and Park streets, and is a graceful and elegant building ; its 
estimated cost is -1130,000. 

Park. — Early in 1801 the municipal authorities were informed that the 
Franklin Company purposed to donate the square in front of the DeWitt House 
to Lewiston, on certain conditions, for a park. At the annual meeting of 1861 
A. D. Lockwood, Esq., made this proposition for the Franklin Company: 
"The Franklin Company proposes to donate to the town the grounds laid out 



400 History of Androscoggin County. 



or reserved for a park, containing about eight acres, on condition it shall always 
be kept open for a park and that the town shall expend in grading, fencing, 
and planting trees, etc., the sura of $5,000 upon it by July 1, 18(J3." The gift 
was accepted, and A. D. Lockwood, J. G. Coburn, D. M. Ayer, Marshall 
French, B. I. Leeds, J. M. Frye, and Daniel Holland were appointed to execute 
the wishes of the company. The grounds were immediately graded and fenced, 
walks laid out and ornamented with shade trees. It is now one of the most 
delightful places in the city, an ornament to the place, and a favorite resort of 
the people. 

Soldiers' Monument. — Lewiston sent 1,153 soldiers to the Civil War (of 
whom 16 were drafted), paid il00,275 for bounties, and furnished aid to 
soldiers' fandlies amounting to 'f!31,970.26. The monument is located near the 
northeasterly corner of the park, and occupies a commanding position. It was 
designed and executed by the eminent sculptor, Franklin Simmons, a native of 
Webster. The monument has a square granite base, 10 feet in height, to which 
are secured four bronze tablets, with arch tops, and on which are the names 
of 112 officers and soldiers who were killed or mortally wounded in battle, 
died from disease contracted in camp, or wasted their lives in southern prisons 
by the slow process of starvation and neglect. The granite base is surmounted 
with a statue of a common soldier, cast in bronze and fully equipped, which is 
seven feet high and weighs 1,000 pounds. The statue was unveiled by the 
artist, assisted by Mayor Filsbury, February 28, 1868, with ap])ropriate 
military and civic ceremonies. Prayer was offered by Rev. Geo. W. Hohnan, 
and Hon. Wm P. Frye delivered an appropriate address. 

Lewiston Water Works. — Previous to 1873 attention had been frequently 
called to the necessity of the introduction of water into the city. In many 
localities great inconvenience was experienced in obtaining a suflficient supply, 
and the water obtained from many wells was so impure as to make it unsafe 
for use. The discussion of this subject frequently 'became animated, and the 
most conservative were convinced that the denumd for a new source of su|)ply 
was imperative. February 27, 1873, the governor approved "An act to supply 
the cities of Lewiston and Auburn with pure water." A committee was 
appointed in December, 1874, to consider the practicality, the best plan, and 
cost of procuring water, and to see if Auburn would join, and if it did not, 
it was authorized to secure ,an amendment to the act for Lewiston to proceed 
alone. They did this, and in March, 1875, reported in favor of the Holly 
system. In April, 1875, the city council elected a board of water commis- 
sioners of six members, which appointed a committee to investigate the merits 
of different systems in New England and New York cities. This committee 
reported unanimously in favor of the reservoir system, which was adopted. 
The plan of taking water from the saw-mill site was favored by the water com- 
missioners, and, after much discussion, the city council submitted to the votes 



City of Lewiston. 401 



of the city (April 22, 1876,) a series of questions which included the purchase 
of the saw-mill site and the issue of city bonds for construction of water works. 
The vote was 91*5 yeas and 131) nays. This action was sufliciently decisive to 
warrant the city council U) proceed with the W(.)rk ; but it was not until 
November 5, 1877, that the Franklin Company conveyed to the city the saw- 
mill site, with the special rigiits necessary to the proper construction of the 
works. The city paid '^200, 000 in water works bonds, running 40 years. The 
discussion was animated and prolonged on the method of supply, but January 
15, 1878, the city council voted that the reservoir system was best adapted 
to meet the requirements and interests of the city. In the spring of 1878 
work was commenced and pushed with commendable energy. The reservoir 
was located on Mitchell Hill, about a mile and three-fourths from the pumping 
station. It has a capacity of over 10,000,000 gallons, cost i31),000, and was 
completed in Octt)ber, 1878. The water works were fully completed in 
December, and on Christmas eve the mayor, Hon. Jesse S. Lyford, raised the 
gates, and within one hour the water was entering the reservoir, and the mo^t 
im[)ortant [)ablic work of Lewiston was completed. The entire cost of the 
water works was ■t255,501>.ll. There aie now 2<S miles of [)ipe (mains) and 
100 hydrants for fire service. I. C. Dowries is superintendent of the water 
works. 

Lewiston (f- Auhirn Ilorsc RaUroad. — July 22, 1881, the city of Lewiston 
granted to George F. Mellen and Edward D. Chaffee, of Fall River, Mass., 
William P. Craig and Henry Masters, of New York, the right to construct a 
horse railroad, in the usual form. This grant was made without compensation, 
but the managers of the railrcjad agreed to lay regular street rails; to furnish 
plans of the manner of laying the rails to the city council and accept their 
direction as to their location in the several streets ; to complete and operate 
the road in one year; and to operate the railroad to the reasonable convenience 
of the people. If these conditions were not fulfilled, the company was to 
forfeit its license. No other conditions were imposed. Articles of association 
of the Lewiston & Auburn Horse Railroad were signed Jul}^ 28, by George F. 
Mellen and his associates, to organize a railroad corporation under the statutes 
of the state, with a capital of -f 100,000. August 15, 1881, the articles were 
ap[)roved by the railroad commissioners, and the company was declared a 
corporation. Work was at once begun, and Main and Lisbon streets were 
soon ready for the cars. The track was also extended to the fair grounds ; but 
it soon became evident that the company would not occupy all the streets 
mentioned in the license, and in May, 1882, the company petitioned the city 
government to be released from further extension of their road. This petition 
was referred to a joint committee, who reported in favor of granting the 
petition on certain conditions. These terms, which the company regarded as 



402 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. 



unfavorable to its interests, were not accepted. After considerable discussion, 
the city council passed this order : 

Ordered, That tbe Lewistoii & Auburn Horse Railroad Company be and tliey are hereby 
released from further extending their tracks beyond the terminal points to which they are 
already built, except Pine street, upon the condition that at such time as the public con- 
venience may demand its farther extension, it shall be done upon such terms and conditions 
as the city council and the said railroad company may agree upon. 

The action was satisfactory to the company, and is the condition on which 
its subsequent plans have been perfected. It was thought by many that 
the action of the city council in granting the license was not legal, and 
the city government was notified by the company that it should apply to 
the legislature to confirm not only the acts of the company, but to ratify the 
proceedings of the city. Accordingly acts were passed by the legislature of 
1883 to make valid the doings of the cities of Lewiston and Auburn in 
granting the license, and to confirm and make valid the organization of the 
company. In the spring of 1882 the track up Pine street was laid, and in 
the fall the one to Perry ville. Auburn. In July, 1883, the road was opened to 
Lake Grove. In December, 1889, the New Auburn belt line was completed. 
In June, 1891, the College and Pine streets circuit and the Denison street 
circuit were opened to the public. The company employs 30 men, has 14 
miles of road in operation, and the service requires 20 cars and 90 horses. 
Colonel F. W. Dana has been president since 1885. 

Banks. — The First National i?(fw^ is the successor of the Lewiston Falls 
Bank, which was incorporated in February, 1852, the corporators being Daniel 
Holland, James Lowell, Samuel Haley, George L. Ward, and Albert H. Kelsey. 
The capital was fixed at $50,000, the shares being $100 each. The first 
meeting of the corporators was held June 29, 1852, and the organization was 
completed by the choice of these directors : James Lowell, Daniel Holland, 
Paul C. Tebbetts, Jacob H. Roak, Howe Weeks, Albert H. Kelsey, and George 
L. Ward ; and, at a meeting of the directors, James Lowell was chosen presi- 
dent, and Silas Titcomb, cashier. The bank continued to do business under 
the charter until February, 18G4, when it was changed to a national bank. 
The stockholders, February 15, 1864, completed the organization by the 
election of these directors: Amos D. Lockwood, Samuel W. Kilvert, Josiah G. 
Coburn, Samuel R. Bearce, Timothy Walker, David M. Ayer, Archibald 
Wakefield, Nathan W. Farwell, Oren B. Cheney; the directors chose A. D. 
Lockwood, president, and Albert H. Small, cashier. The capital was limited 
to $50,000. It has since been increased to $400,000. The present officers are ; 
President, John Y. Scruton ; vice-president, F. II. Packard ; cashier, A. L. 
Templeton ; teller, George W. Goss; directors, John Y. Scruton, John N. 
Wood, David Farrar, R. C. Pingree, S. D. Wakefield, Charles H. Osgood, F. 
H. Packard, Wallace H. White, and Charles Walker. 



City of Lewiston. 403 



Manufacturers National Bank. — This bank was organized under the act of 
Congress, January 26, 1875, with a capital of 1200,000. The officers were : 
J. M. Robbins, president; George H. Pilsbury, vice-president; William Libby, 
cashier. The directors were J. M. Robbins, George H. Pilsbury, C. I. Barker, 
James Wood, E. S. Davis, James Dempsey, Jesse Davis. The present officers 
are: J. M. Robbins, president ; C. I. Barker, vice-president; Addison Small, 
cashier; directors, J. M. Robbins, C. I. Barker, James Munroe, Oliver Newman, 
L. L. Blake, T. E. Eustis, William H. Newell. 

The Androscoggin County Savings Bank was incorporated in March, 1870. 
The corporators were Samuel R. Bearce, C. I. Barker, F. O. Sands, E. F. 
Packard, R. C. Pingree, J. A. Pierce, Thomas Fillebrown, John G. Cook, S. H. 
Murray, George H. Pilsbury, R. C. Pennell, and E. H. Cummings. The 
organization was effected April 2, 1870, and the following persons were elected 
trustees: Samuel R. Bearce, E. F. Packard, George H. Pilsbury, C. I. Barker, 
and Ai Brooks, Jr. E. F. Packard was chosen president and A. L. Templeton, 
treasurer. The amount of deposits are $1,150,000. The present officers are : 
Cyrus Greely, president; J. Frank Boothby, treasurer; trustees, Cyrus Greely, 
John Y. Scruton, Charles Greenwood, H. L. Pratt, E. S. Paul, Charles Walker, 
Joseph H. Stetson, Seth M. Carter, and Frank W. Parker. 

The People's Savings Bank. — February 12, 1875, the governor approved 
a bill to incorporate the People's Savings Bank of the city. Corporators: C. 
I. Barker, William H. Stevens, J. M. Robbins, N. W. button, George H. 
Pilsbury, John G. Cook, Luther P. Martin, George A. Chandler, Mark 
Lowell, James Wood, Edmund Russell, J. L. H. Cobb, and A. M. Jones. 
The organization was immediately completed and the bank commenced 
business in the rooms of the Manufacturers National Bank. The resources 
November, 1890, were $1,033,418.60. The present officers are: C. L Barker, 
president; C. F. Wellman, treasurer; C. I. Barker, H. W. Maxwell, A. D. 
Barker, A. B. Nealey, S. A. Cummings, John Garner, W. M. Chamberlin, A. 
R. Savage, and D. B. Sawyer, trustees. 

The private banking house of Samuel E. May & Co., 17 Lisbon street, was 
established in 1863. Since January, 1887, it has been conducted by F. B. 
Wheelock. 

Board of Trade. — The Lewiston Board of Trade was organized March 29, 
1887. The officers were: C. I. Barker, president; B. Peck, secretary; and L. 
Linn Small, treasurer. As originally constituted its membership embraced 
business men in both cities. It is composed of business men of all classes, 
and has for its special object the promotion of the business interests of 
Lewiston. All questions affecting the interests of the city are discussed at 
its rooms, the general welfare of the place is carefully protected, and important 
business enterprises owe their origin to this very useful organization. Its 
present officers are: C. I. Barker, president; Noel B. Potter, secretary; and 
T. F. Callahan, treasurer. 



404 History of Androscoggin County. 



Asylum and Hospital of Notre Dame de Lourdes. — Three sisters of charity 
of the congregation of Notre Dame de Lourdes came to Lewiston, in 
November, 1878, and founded a school, the asylum of Notre Dame de Lourdes, 
at 29 Walnut street, corner of Pierce. This sisterhood purchased the former 
residence and lands of Isaac Golder, and removed the asylum to its present 
location in November, 1888. It is now an orphan asylum, and connected with 
it a hospital was established. Sister Bernard is the superior. This hospital 
is located about one mile from the head of Lisbon street, on Sabatis street, 
and is owned and managed by the Sisters. It is a fine wooden building, having 
two wards, one for males and one for females, each containing eight beds. 
There are also 10 private rooms. There is also a ward for those who are not 
sick, but who wish to occupy a bed, for which a fee is charged. The building 
contains a drug store and an operating room. The asylum has now about 30 
inmates. There are extensive grounds connected with the hospital, and all 
the surroundings are neat and attractive. It was opened in 1888. 

Central Maine General Hospital. — This institution, which was opened to 
the public July 4, 1891, is finely located on the corner of Main and Hammond 
streets. This is largely the work of public subscription, and all classes con- 
tributed freely to bring it to being. The state offered to give $5,000 for 
every -$10,000 raised by the people for a si)ecified length of time, and in a 
very short time $12,000 were subsciibed in the two cities. During the early 
part of tlie year the })roperty was purcliased at a cost of $21,000, and one of 
the buildings has been converted into a liospital. 'I'here are two wards, one for 
males, containing seven beds, and one for females, containing six beds. There- 
is also a ward for children, containing four beds. Besides these there is a 
dormitory for nurses, superintendent of nurses, janitor, and a ward for con- 
tagious diseases, a large operating room, as well as other rooms for the general 
])urposes of a hospital. It is under the care of the physicians of Lewiston and 
Auburn, and is open to all persons who desire to avail themselves of its 
advantages. The hospital staff is: Alonzo Garcelon, M.D., consulting surgeon ; 
George P. Emmons, M.D., superintendent and resident physician ; (). A. Horr, 
M.I)., A. M. Peables, M.D., M. C. Wedgwood, M.D., J. W. Beede, M.D., 
attending physicians; E. II. Hill, M.D., W. K. Oakes, M.D., J. A. Donovan, 
M.D., B. F. Sturgis, M.I)., attending surgeons; D. N. Skinner, M.D., C. E. 
Norton, M.D., ophthalmic surgeons; S. G. Bonney, M.D., pathologist; W. B. 
Small, M.D., E. W. llussell, M.D., adjunct [)hysicians ; F. L. Dixon, M.D., 
C. E. Williams, M.D,, adjunct surgeons. The oHicers are : J. L. 11. Cobb, 
president; J. R. Learned, treasurer; I). J. Callahan, secretary; Ara Cushman, 
Prof. L. G. Jordan, John F. Cobb, K. C. Reynolds, George W. Wagg, D. J. 
Callahan, B. F. Wood, John Garner, Charles W. Hill, directors. 

The Lewiston Y. M. C. A. was organized in 1867, and has continued active 
work since that time. Soon after its organization the association employed a 



City of Lewiston. 405 



city missionary, Rev. M. H. Tarbox, who did very efficient work for several 
years. He was succeeded by Rev. Samuel Boothby, of this city, who labored 
for a year or more. Rev. N. C. Clifford was also employed by the association as 
a city missionary. The employment of a general secretary since 1884 resulted 
in very excellent and systematic work. The Y. M. C. A. numbers among its 
nearly 200 members some of the best men of the city. A Woman's Auxiliary, 
with a large membership, and a Boys' Union are rendering much assistance, 
and are productive of great good. Thomas M. Singer, the general secretary, 
is a graduate of Bates College. 

Nealey Rifles, Co. B, M. V. M. — About six years ago, the militia company 
formerly known as Lewiston Light Lifantry, and later as Lewiston Zouaves, was 
disbanded. Col A. B. Nealey, then a member of Governor Robie's staff, made 
strenuous efforts for a reorganization and was successful, and in compliment to 
his earnest hxbors the company named it Nealey Rifles. It is considered one of 
the finest companies of the state. Captain Walter A. Goss has been in 
command from organization. James A. Scott is first lieutenant, and Abram 
W. Garcelon, second lieutenant. 

Frye Light Guards, Co. B, M. V. M. — This company was mustered into 
the state service February 28, 1888, and was named in honor of Senator Frye. 
The officers were: F. T^. Hoyt, captain; C. F. Nealey, first lieutenant; E. M. 
Smith, second lieutenant. At the regimental competitive drill, July 4, 1889, 
at Bangor, the comj)any won the prize. The only change in officers is that C. 
E. Hanscom is now second lieutenant. The company number 50 men. 

Clmt Campbell is tlie only society of its order in Maine, and was named 
from John Campbell, overseer of the Bates dye-house, its first "chief." It was 
founded here in 1888, is a fraternal and insurance society, admits only Scotch- 
men, or sons and grandsons of Scotchmen, and has 41 members. 

Associations. — F. & A. M.— Ashlar, Monday, on or before full moon; Rabboni, first 
Wednesday after full moon; King Hiram R. A. Chapter, second Friday; Dunlap Council, 
R. & S. M., second Tuesday; Lewiston Commandery, K. T., first Thursday; Lewiston 
Lodge of Perfection, first Friday; Androscoggin Masonic Relief Association, M. E. D. 
Bailey, secretary. I. 0. 0. i'^. —Manufacturers and Mechanics, No. 02, Wednesday ; Golden 
Rule, No. 73, Thursday; Fidelity, No. 4, D. of R., second and fourth Tuesdays; Worombus 
Encampment, first and third Tuesdays; Grand Canton Worombus, P. M., No. 1, fourth 
Friday. K. o/' /f. — Maine, No. 278, second Monday; Paul Hildreth, No. 109.5, first and 
third Mondays. A', of 7'. —Industry, No. 2, Tuesday; Mt David, No. 23, Thursday; 
Uniform Rank, Damon Division, No. 1, first Monday; Pythian Sisterhood, Good Will, No. 
3, second and fourth Mondays. A. O. of Shepherds — Exce\s\ov, No. 1, second aud fourth 
Tuesdays; Good Samaritan, No. 2, first and third Tuesdays. Caledonian Club — first and 
third Thursdays. /. 0. G. T. — United, No. 13, Wednesday; Mystic, No. 312, Monday; 
Dirigo, Tuesday. B. T. o/T. — Banner, No. 3, Monday. A. 0. U. Tr. — Lewburn, No. 
.50, second and fourth Mondays. G. A. i2.— Custer, No. 7, Monday; Custer Relief Corps, 
alternate Friday; Knox Relief Corps, No. 37, Wednesday. S. of V. — Custer Camp, 
Thursday. I. 0. B. ilf. — Pokumkeswawauraokesis, No. 9, first and third Fridays. Boyal 



406 History of Androscoggin County. 

Conclave of Knights and Ladies — ^o. 29, second and fourth Thursdays. Y. M. C. A.— 
Thomas M. Singer, general secretary. Boyal Arcanmn—^rst and third Mondays. U. 0. 
G. C — Androscoggin, No. 79, first and third Fridays: Eureka, No. 195, second and fourth 
Fridays. W. C. T. U. — Monday. Ladies^ Christian t/"wiow — Monday. Catholic Union — 
Sunday. U. 0. F. F. — Oriental, No. 32, second and fourth Mondays; Pine Tree, No. 33, 
first and third Fridays. Lew iston Benevolent Society — second Thursday. P. of H. — 
Lewiston, No. 2, Thursday; Androscoggin, No. 8, first and third Thursday. A. 0. of H. — 
No. 1, Thursday; No. 2, Tuesday. iV. ^. 0. o/ P. — Crescent, No. 70. Bands —hewiston 
Brigade, F. G. Payne, Director; Union, Albert B. Beliveau, Manager; Wilson's Orchestra, 
George T. Wilson, leader; Given's Orchestra, F. A. Given, agent; Payne's Orchestra, F. 
G. Payne, manager. French Societies — Chih Cremazie, Union, St Joseph, Institut 
Jacques Cartier, Club National, Club St Dominique. Lewiston and Auburn Grocers' 
Association — Qrst Wednesday. South Lewiston: J. 0. G. T. — Advance, Saturday. 
Androscoggin Gun Club. — E. F. Field, president; George W. Gifford, secretary. 



CHAPTER XX. 

Physicians — Merchants— Business Interests — Personal Sketches — Resume. 

PHYSICIANS. — I)r Joel Wru/ht was undoubtedly the first person who 
practiced medicine in Lewiston. He came here, probably about 1776-7, 
and settled on what is now Eastern Avenue, on the lot above Davis 
Nevens's. Dr Wright was a botanical physician. He died July 26, 1821. 

Dr Barrett was here for a short time about 1799 or 1800. 

Dr Alexander Divelley was a native of Boylston, Mass. He studied medicine 
in Providence, R. I., and came to Lewiston in 1803, and settled on a farm in 
the eastern part of Lewiston, where he lived until his death. 

Dr Calvin Grorham came here from Turner in 1816. He settled on Sabatis 
street, where, about 1825, he built a house, which is now standing. He was 
an allopathic physician, but in later life, about 1845, he became attached to the 
honupopathic system. He died Eebruary 28, 1850. 

Dr Alonzo Garcelon was the next physician, and commenced the practice of 
medicine here in 1839. (See biography.) 

Dr ('h(frlfi< M'dh'tt was born in Norway, April 5, 1803. He was graduated 
from the medical school, Bowdoin College, in 1829, practiced medicine in 
Minot, and came to Lewiston about 1847. Dr Millett died August 13, 1854. 

Dr Alcander Burhank was born in Shelburne, N. II., June 26, 1822. He 
studied medicine with Dr Barrows, of Fryeburg, and graduated at Dartmouth 
Medical College, April, 1847. He settled immediately in Lewiston, where he 
died, January 8, 1884. 



City of Lewiston. 407 



Dr H. C. Bradford is a native of Turner. He studied medicine with his 
father, Dr Richmond Bradford, and graduated at the Ilonid'opathic Medical 
College of Philadelphia, in ISol). He immediately commenced the practice of 
his [)rofession in Lewiston, and is the second oldest physician in the city. 

Br 31. 0. Wedfjwood was born in IJowdoin. He graduated from Bowdoin 
Medical School in 1859. Dr Wedgwood was au assistant surgeon in the arjny 
and came to Lewiston in LSGS, where he has practiced medicine with success. 
He has held the position of president of the Maine Medical and Androscoggin 
Medical associations, and also served in both branches of the Lewiston city 
government, and is now a member of the executive council, and secretary of 
the Board of LI. S. Examining Surgeons. 

Dr John A. Donuiuin was born in Houlton, August 4, 1841, received his 
medical education in New York, London (England), and Paris (France), 
received his degree of M.D. from New York University Medical College, in 
March, 1866, located for practice at Lewiston, May 1, 1866, and has acquired 
an extensive practice. He is a member of the Maine Medical Association, was 
one of the founders of and has been president of the Androscoggin County 
Medical Association, and is treasurer of the Board of U. S. Examining Surgeons. 

Dr Edward H. Hill is a native of Harrison. He studied medicine with E. 
M. Wight, of Gorham, N. H., and G. L. Kilgore, of Windham, and graduated 
from Harvard Medical College in March, 1867. He first settled in Durham, 
but in 1869 came to Lewiston and formed a copartnership with Dr A. 
Garcelon, which continued about four years, and has since been in })ractice in 
Lewiston. He is an attending surgeon of the Central Maine General Hospital, 
of which he was one of the active promoters. 

Dr 0. A. ITorr was born in Waterford. He studied medicine with S. L. 
Weston, of Otisfield, and Dr Charles Hutchinson, and graduated from Bowdoin 
Medical School in 1861. Practiced medicine in Minot, was assistant surgeon 
in the army, and came to Lewiston in 1870, where he has since been in practice. 

Dr J. M. Small is a native of New Gloucester. He studied medicine with 
Dr Moses E. Swett, of Limington, and graduated at Bowdoin Medical School 
in 1847. Dr Small settled in Exeter, and moved to this city in 1864. 

Dr R. R. Rlcker was born in Acton. He studied medicine with Dr Richard 
Russell, of Great Falls, N. H., and graduated from Bowdoin Medical School in 
1847. Dr Ricker practiced medicine in Kittery, Ossipee, N. H., and Minot, 
was an assistant surgeon in the army, and settled in Lewiston in 1865. 

Dr Edmund Russell was born in Temple, November 23, 1824. He pursued 
his medical studies with Dr William Kilbourne, and graduated from Bowdoin 
Medical School in 1847, and the same year settled in Strong. He removed to 
Farmington in 1855, and came to Lewiston in 1869, forming a copartnership 
with the late Dr S. Oakes, which was continued for a short time. Dr Russell 
died December 20, 1880, 



408 History of Androscoggin County. 



Dr F. L. Dixon is a native of Jay. He studied medicine with Dr Wright, 
of Readfield, and graduated from Dartmouth Medical College in 1880, and 
settled in Wayne. Dr Dixon removed to Lewiston in 1884. 

Dr E. W. Russell was born in Temple, and prosecuted his professional 
studies with Dr Edmund Russell, and graduated from the Medical University 
at Burlino-ton, Vt, in 1879. Dr Russell [)racticed medicine six years in Minot, 
and removed to this city in 1885. 

Dr Elizdlx'th S. Ilorr studied medicine withDr O. A. Horr and graduated 
at the Woman's Medical College of New York, in 1872, and has since practiced 
her profession in this city. 

Dr L. J. Martcl was born at St Hyacinthe, P. Q., and was graduated from 
the college of St Hyacinthe in 18G9, from Victoria College in l87o, and soon 
after came to Lewiston, where he has been devoted to his [)rofession and to the 
welfare of the French people. In 1874 he establislied the Institut Jacques 
Cartier, which has now a membership of over 200. In 1880 he was a delegate 
to the International Congress in Quebec. In 1881 he represented the French 
people of Lewiston in the Waterville conference, the first state convention held 
in Maine. In 1882 he was organizing president of the Maine and New Hamp- 
shire French Congress, held in Lewiston. He re[)resented Lewiston in the 
legislature of 18'S4, and was city j)hysician from 1883 to 1886. He has been 
vice-president and [)resident of General French Ct)nvention of the United 
States, president of the French National Alliance, and was delegate to the 
Catholic Congress at Baltimore. 

Dr L. E. N. Matte is the city pliysician. 

Dr A. M. Garcelnn is a native of Lewiston. He pursued his professional 
studies with his father, Dr A. Garcelon, attended lectures at Montreal, and 
graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, 1876. Dr 
Garcelon commenced practice in Lewiston in 1878. He was mayor in 1883. 

Dr W. S. lIouH' was born in St John, N. B., February 9, 1834, was educated 
at Acadia College, entered the Baptist ministry, and was in active woi'k when 
he enlisted in the First Maine, and was a commissioned officer. He was nine 
months in Libby prison, and severely wounded at the battle of Five Forks. 
" He was a brave man, a good figliter, a magnificent soldier, and the boys all 
liked him." After the war he studied medicine, was graduated from Bowdoin 
Medical School in 1869 ; in 1870 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
in New York; in 1883 from the Hahnemann School of Homoeopathy in 
Philadelphia, and practiced in Pittsfield from 1870 to 1885, when he located in 
Lewiston, and has since been in practice. Dr Howe was a chapter Mason and 
a Republican. He died August 24, 1891. 

Dr Charles E. Norton is a native of Gardiner. Graduated from Bowdoin 
Medical School in 1876. Dr Norton practiced medicine for a time at Augusta, 
and then came to Lewiston. 



City of Lewiston. 409 



Dr Aurelia Springer is a native of Dresden. She studied with her father, 
Dr W. W. Springer, graduated at the Woman's Medical College, Boston. Dr 
Springer studied four years at the University at Zurich, Switzerland, and came 
to Lewiston in 1877. 

Dr A. K. P. Harvey studied with Drs A. J. Marston and H. C. Bradford, 
and graduated at the Homa'opathic Medical College of Chicago in 1888. 

Dr W. B. Small, 147 Lisbon street, son of Addison Small, is the recording 
secretary of the Androscoggin County Medical Association. (For other 
physicians, see page 287.) 

Druggists. — The drug store of Charles A. Abbott, corner of Lisbon and 
Main streets, is an outgrowth of the business established by Dr Aaron Young 
in 1850, on the site of the gun shop near Main street bridge. This was 
removed to a building that stood where Hotel Atwood stands, and was there 
succeeded by George Garcelon, who removed it to the present location and 
sold it to William F. Garcelon. After his death, in 1884, Mr Abbott became 
proprietor. John Cook, about 1851, commenced as a druggist on lower Main 
street, and about 1860 removed it to 145 Lisbon street. In or about 1880 ^. 
H. Gerrisk became proprietor. Wakefield Brothers (S. D. and E.), 114 Lisbon 
street, engaged in trade about 20 years since. Both of the proprietors are 
natives of Lewiston, and the senior member has held official positions of trust 
and is now city treasurer. D. W. Wi(/(/iti, 213 Lisbon street, a native of Leeds, 
established this extensive store in March, 1872. Li January, 1863, he opened 
a drug store in Phcenix Block, Auburn, where he traded until 1871, when he 
purchased the bookstore then occupying the stand where his brother, W. H. 
Wiggin, is in trade, and carried it on until he came to Lewiston. Warren E. 
Hiker and B. F. Bradford opened the drug store, corner of Lisbon and Pine 
streets, about 1879, and about six years ago Mr Riker became sole proprietor. 
R. W. Clark has been in the drug business at the corner of Main and Bates 
streets for nearly 20 yeai's. 

There is one patent medicine manufactory in the city. M. J. Rogers ^ Co. 
manufacture Rogers' Lihalant and Cough Lozenges at 21 Lisbon street. 
These have been made for 18 years. Edgar J. Fogg, proprietor. 

Dentists. — N. Woodbury, Pilsbury Block. Ezra H. White (White & 
Leavitt), Lyceum Hall Block, attends to the dental business in all its branches, 
and does excellent work. Emery Bailey, 20 Lisbon street, who has been 
established in Lewiston nearly 15 years, has availed himself of all the modern 
appliances pertaining to his profession, and has been successful. 

Merchants. — There is much obscurity about the early traders. It is not 
known who kept the first goods for the accommodation of the early settlers. 
It is supposed that Amos Davis had a small amount of goods on sale at his 
house on Sabatis street. The wants of the pioneers were small and it required 
only a meagre quantity of merchandise to supply them. 



410 History of Androscoggin County. 



William Crarcelon, grandfather of Dr Alonzo Garcelon, in 1797 opened a 
store in the southerly part of the town, on a scale then unknown in Lewiston, 
which he continued for several years. Mr Garcelon did an extensive business, 
not only in his store, but also in lumbering, until about 1807. He was also 
engaged in ship-building in Freeport, but suffered from the effects of the 
embargo in 1807, and his business was ruined. Mr Garcelon was one of the 
most active business men of his day. 

David and Jackson Davis in 1799 built a house at the corner on the lot 
now owned and occupied by J. Y. Scruton, Esq., in the basement of which 
they commenced a small business. It is probable that they remained there 
only a few years. At that time only a few .people had settled near the corner. 
Chase Wedgwood lived nearly opposite Mr Davis. Noah Litchfield lived on 
the Nash farm, where J. M. Robbins now lives; Thomas Trafton, where A. D. 
Barker resides ; John Marshall, where Mrs A. Wakefield now lives ; Stephen 
Chase, on the corner of Main and Mill streets, now occupied by Hotel Atwood; 
and Amos Davis, on what is now the corner of Sabatis and Wood streets. 
About 1800, a man by the name of Thomas Treadwell had a small stock of 
goods in one of the rooms of the old Harris house, situated on Main street, 
now occupied by the Lower Maine Central depot. He remained there only a 
short time, and was followed by Michael Little and William Haskell. Richard 
D. Harris had a small stock of goods, probably in his house near the corner of 
Main and Hammond streets. Ebenezer Herrick and Dan Read were in trade 
for a short time. 

James Lowell came into the, place in 1812 or 1813, and commenced trade at 
wluit for many years was known as Lowell's Corner. His store was on Main 
street, near the junction of Hammond. Mr Lowell had the genius of a country 
trader, and in middle life did an extensive business. About 1822 he built a 
large two-story building, which he occupied for a store while he remained in 
business. Three years afterwards he built the two-story house on Main street, 
now owned by the Central Maine General Hospital. Mr Lowell had an 
extensive tannery on the southerly side of Main street, and did an extensive 
business in the manufacture of boots and harnesses. His bark mill was burned 
in 1847 and was never rebuilt. He continued in business until near the close 
of his life. In 1855 he sold his store and residence at the " Corner," and 
removed to his farm on Webster street, where he died July 27, 1858. 

Nathan Reynolds opened a store in the building occupied by David and 
Jackson Davis at Lowell's Corner in 1815 or 1816. A rivalry soon sprang up 
between him and Mr Lowell, both of whom were keen discriminating business 
men. Soon after Mr Lowell built his store, Mr Reynolds built a two-story 
brick store, on the corner of Main and Sabatis streets, and within two years 
after Mr Lowell built his house, Mr Reynolds built the two-story brick house — 
which has since Mr Reynold's death been remodeled and enlarged — now 



City of Lewiston. 411 



owned and occupied by J. Y. Scruton, Esq. Mr Reynolds did an extensive 
business for those days, but about 1840 sold his goods, and, for a short time, 
retired from business. Subsequently he and his son, N. B. Reynolds, opened a 
store on lower Main street, where they continued in business until about 1852. 

Gorhtm ff Philips commenced to trade at Lowell's Corner, just below 
Lowell's store on Main street, about 1833, and continued in business for 
several years, and about the same time Plckard tf Little opened a store on 
lower Main street. Gideon D. Dickinson commenced business on lower Main 
street about 1837. John B. Jones was also in business for a few years on lower 
Main street from 1889. fferrick cf Little commenced trade in the Pickard 
store about 1847. Earlier than this John W. Perkins opened the first dry 
goods store of Lewiston, near the bridge. 

Daniel Wood opened a store on lower Main street in 1848. Subsequently 
he took Howe Weeks as partner, and they built a store near the bridge which 
they occupied for several years, when the firm was dissolved, and Mr Wood 
built the brick store on Lisbon street, which he now occupies with the most 
extensive stock of crockery and glass ware in the city. This is one of the 
oldest business houses in the city. 

'/. P. Loniiley^ a native of Greene, commenced business here in 1847. 
Subsequentl}^ the firm name was Longley & Covell, and afterward changed to 
Longley & Jordan. They occupied a store near Lowell's Corner. In 1801 
Mr Longley became the sole owner (179 Main street) and has continued the 
business since. His son, J. B., is with him. This is the oldest business house 
in the city, and manufactures and sells furs, fine harnesses, trunks, traveling 
bags, etc., and makes a specialty of trotting and racing boots. 

Messrs E. S. Paul <|* Co. is the oldest dry goods house in the city. 
Business was commenced in 1867 as Goddard & Paul, which was continued 
for about a decade, when Mr Paul assumed the entire control. It is now one 
of the largest dry goods establishments in the city. Mr Paul, some years 
since, built the large brick block which he has since occupied. The firm 
manufactures cloaks and dresses, and employs about 30 persons. 

Messrs Oswald .f Armstron</, dry and fancy goods dealers, were the 
successors of Arthur Sands, whose store and stock of goods they purchased in 
1883. Besides their extensive stock of dry and fancy goods, they have 
departments of dress and cloak making which they carry on extensively. 
Oswald & Armstrong occupy five stores on Lisbon street, employ some 44 
persons in their several departments, and tlieir annual business amounts to 
about #140,000. Since March, 1890, Mr Armstrong has been the sole owner 
of the establishment, but retains the firm name. Mr Armstrong is a war 
veteran, a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery, Boston, has 
served on Governor Mitchell's staff, and is a member of the board of fire 
commissioners. 



412 History of Androscoggin County. 

Mr B. Peck, of the firm of the B. Peck Company, commenced business in 
Lewiston as a member of the firm of E. A. Plummer & Co. Subsequently Mr 
Peck became sole manager of the business, remaining in Frye Block until 
1885, when B. Peck & Co. transferred their stock to Sands Block, where they 
have since remained. The business embraces dry and fancy goods, including 
millinery, cloaks, and garments. The store has- a frontage of 50 feet — equal 
to two stores — with a depth of 95 feet, and occupies two floors and one-half 
of the basement, about 12,000 square feet. The business is classified into 
15 departments, and more than 60 persons are employed. The annual business 
amounts to -1250,000. In April, 1890, the firm was reorganized and is now a 
stock company, with a capital of $100,000, one-half of which is paid in. The 
officers are: B. Peck, president; J. H. Crowley, manager; H. A. Free, 
treasurer; B. Peck, Lewis Lombard, J. H. Crowley, H. A. Free, William 
Nicoll, William Youland, L. T. Chabot, directors. 

There are several other dry goods houses: Lowell <f* Lowell, C. D. Farrar 
(f Co., Bates Remnant Store, Greenherg Brothers, N. Greenherg, etc. 

Clothing. — John Yeaton Seruton, born in Farmington, N. H., December 
23, 1821, started in trade as member of the firm of Burleigh & Seruton in 1853. 
The firm was later Cobb & Seruton; then Mr Seruton was alone. In 1884 his 
son, Edwin F., became a partner of the firm of J. Y. Seruton <j- Son, which 
conducts trade at 23 Lisbon street, and does a business of $40,000 a year. 
Rleluinh <f- Merrill (I). O. Richards and J. L. Merrill) began trade on lower 
Main street in 1853, and later were in Jones's Block ; from there they moved 
to Journal Block, and built their present store in Lyceum Hall Block in 1872. 
This house has not been changed in name or members since its foundation. 
The largest stock in ready-made clothing is carried by Bahhitt Brothers, who in 
1891 succeeded A. T. Neal, who conducted business as Bicknell & Neal. They 
occupy two stores on Lisbon street, corner of Ash. An old established house 
is that now in business as S. A. Isaacson (f- Co., at the Blue Store, 152 Lisbon 
street, which was opened in 1881 and passed into the control of S. A. & I. B. 
Isaacson in 1880. Its connection as a branch of a large Boston house gives it 
many advantages. W. H. C. Allen (Allen & Co.), 85 Lisbon street, is another 
of the fair-dealing representative houses in this line, carrying a fine stock. 

Grocers, Provision Dealers, etc. — The oldest and leading grocery 
house is that of Nealey cj- Miller, 239 Main street. This business was started 
in 1S50, by Ilircy Day, in a cellar on Middle street. In August, 1860, Mr 
Day, his son, Jose[)h II., and A. B. Nealey formed tlie firm of H. Day & Co., 
which continued until 1865, when H. Day retired, and the firm became Day, 
Nealey & Co. The store was renioved in 1863 to Blanchard Block on Main 
street, and in 1867 to Bonnallie Block, when a hardware store was started in 
their old rooms in Blanchard Block by Joseph H. Day, A. B. Nealey, and 
Charles H. Miller, as J. H. Day & Co. Mr Miller was later admitted a 



City of Lewiston. 413 



partner in the grocery, business, and is treasurer of the Lewiston and Auburn 
Grocers' Association. The present establishment was purchased by them and 
fitted up into one of the most convenient stores in Maine, and about 1880 Day, 
Nealey & Co. dissolved partnership, Mr Day taking the hardware store, and 
Nealey & Miller continuing as grocers. The business has had a healthy growth 
from the first, employs 13 males and two females, and its annual business 
reaches into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. Colonel Nealey is now 
the oldest grocer of Lewiston, and a director of the Grocers' Association. 

Benjamin Litchfield established himself as a grocer in 1865 with George A. 
Chandler, on the corner of Main and Park streets, and in 1868 formed with 
Albert Tiacy the firm of B. Litchfield & Co., on the opposite corner. In 
three years Mr Tracy retired, and Mr Litchfield, a year later, took as 
partner Marshall Emery, who 16 years later sold to S. C. Leslie, Jr, who 
retired in April, 1891. Mr Litchfield is now alone, but retains the firm name. 
In 1871 he moved from his former location to the store adjoining his present 
store in the Dominican School (formerly Bonnallie) Block, and in 1886 occu- 
pied his present stand. Mr Litchfield is a native of Lewiston, and was a 
soldier in the Thirteenth Massachusetts in the Civil War for 20 months, receiv- 
ing his discharge November 29, 1862, in consequence of severe bullet wounds. 

John Grarner, 213 Park street, established his grocery business over a 
quarter of a century ago. He was born in England, and during his residence 
in Lewiston has been prominent in many ways. He has built up a large 
wholesale and retail trade, and among numerous official positions held by him 
is president of Lewiston and Auburn Grocers' Association. He conducts a 
foreign passenger and exchange agency. 

'/. C. White commenced business as a grocer, on Main street, about thirty 
years ago, and was in trade until 1890, when he retired from the firm of 
White & Ames, now Ames & Merrill, 187 Main street. Maxwell cj- Ne.iums^ 
10 Park street, are wholesale dealers in teas, spices, etc. B. E. Parlin con- 
ducts the Boston Tea Store, at 3 Journal Block, established in 1875, and is 
a wholesale and retail dealer. Sehhm A. Omnmim/s, 223 Main street, manu- 
factures confectionery, which he sells at wholesale and retail. Frank L. Hoyt 
<f Co. are wholesale and retail dealers in groceries, meats, etc., at 230 Lisbon 
street. Merrifield cf Breiver (William E. Merrifield, Horace W. Brewer) con- 
duct grocery business at 371 Lisbon street. Cieorge A. Wiseman., grocer and 
baker, does business at 14() Lincoln street. Abram Atwood, 159 Lisbon street, 
is a wholesale and retail dealer in groceries, meats, etc., established for nearly 
25 years. He does an extensive business, and Hotel Atwood carries his name. 
Edward W. Gross and Julius K. Bri(/(/s have conducted a large business in 
wholesaling beef in Grand Trunk yard as Gross & Briggs. 

Shoe Dealers. — Fessenden I. Bay., 5 Journal Block; C. 0. Morrell, 
corner of Lisbon and Main streets; A. iS. Melcher., 4 Frye Block. 



414 History of Androscoggin County. 

Watches, Jewelry, etc. — H. A. Osgood ^ Son (wholesale) and IT. A. 
Osf/ood (f* Co. (retail), 127 Lisbon street; George A. Dreu\ 2 Frye Block; 
A. W. Anfhoine, 79 Lisbon street, established 1880, has a large stock of finely 
selected goods; J. W. Perry ^ Son., 90 Lisbon street: E. E. Pomeroy., 84 
Lisbon street; A. S. Wright, 229 Lisbon street. 

Hardware, Cutlery, Stoves, etc. — Thomas R. Catland makes a spe- 
cialty of electrical appliances, cutlery, and sporting goods, does light machine 
work, is a locksmith, and has but one competitor in the city. J. H. Stetson 
tf" Co. (Joseph H. and George B. Stetson), 65 Lisbon street, successors to Bean 
& Stetson, deal in kitchen furnishings, stoves, furnaces, ranges, etc. Charles 
G-reenwood was in extensive business from 1879 to 1890. J. H. Chase now 
occupies his former stand, 191 Lisbon street. Among other prominent houses 
are Hall (f* Knight Hardware Co.., 53 l^isbon street, successors to Owen & Hall, 
dealers in manufacturers' supplies, etc., and A. L. J- E. F. Goss, Main street, 
corner Lincoln street, stoves, furnaces, etc. 

Coal, Wood, ETC. — Bearce, Wilson ^ Co., 138 Main street, deal in coal 
and wood. This number is also headquarters of the extensive lumbering firm 
of Bearee (f Wilson (George B. Bearce, Charles C. Wilson), large operators in 
the Upper Androscoggin valley. Other dealers in coal and wood are John iV. 
Wood, 64 Middle street ; H. B. Skinner ^ Co., cross canal ; L. C. Rohhins, 270 
Main street; Harper cf Googin (John Harper, Melvin J. Googin), 138 Bates 
street; 0. A. Norton, 51 Ash street. 

Flour, Grain, Meal, etc. — J. L. Hayes Sf Co. (Jacob L. and Sylvanus 
B.) do a large business in the sale of these important articles and lime and 
cement, at 282 Main street (Lowell's Corner) ; J. B. Ham ^ Co., Grand Trunk 
yard; 0. S. Ham, Haymarket Square; M. J. Davis, 86 Park street. 

Painters and Decorators. — /. *S'. Faunce, painter and decorator, of 
over 30 years' experience, 57 Bates street; George W. Boardman, plain and 
decorative paper-hanger, and house, wall, and ceiling painter, etc., 266 Main 
street ; James M. Sherman, painter, grainer, glazier, paper-hanger, and fancy 
decorator, 96 Chestnut street. 

Insurance. — Chamherlin cf* Little, 79 Lisbon street, is one of the oldest 
insurance agencies, succeeding a firm established 30 years or more ago. F. A, 
Conant represents good companies, with office in Sands Building. Arehie L. 
Talbot, 19 Lisbon street, is general agent of that strong conservative Quaker 
company, the Provident Life and Trust Company of Philadelphia. Nazaire 
Payette, 8 College Block, is manager of the Metropolitan Insurance Company. 
Callahan ^ Duroeher, 226 Lisbon street, conduct insurance. 

Civil Engineers. — John A. Jones, Pilsbury Block. Charles Boivers, 
Franklin Company's office. 

Books and Stationery. — The firm of Douglass ^ Cook, 188 Lisbon 
street, is an old established one, and keeps the name it had when S. W. Cook 
was a partner. It does a large business. 



City of Lewiston. 415 



Book and Job Printers. — Nelmn Dinfiley^ Jr., ^f- Co., Journal Block; 
aeonje A. Callahan, 21 Lisbon street (established 1862) ; W. 11. Week.^, 32 
Main street. 

Bookbinder. — Mrs. C. A. JSfeal, Journal Block. 



Hon. James Lowell was born in Buckfield, January 5, 1791. (See 
merchants.) He was confident, even in early life, that Lewiston would 
ultimately become a large manufacturing city. Governed by this impulse he 
invested all his surplus funds in real estate, on which he realized large returns. 
For 20 consecutive years, commencing with 1829, Mr Lowell was treasurer 
of the town of Lewiston, representative to the legislature in 1839, 1851, and 
1852, and was a member of the state senate in 1841. In all of these places of 
responsibility he exhibited sound judgment, a conservative spirit, and devotion 
to the trusts confided to him. Mr Lowell was quiet and unassuming in 
manner, and was highly esteemed in business circles. He married, in 1814, 
Hannah Paul, of New Gloucester. They had three sons, Mark, Daniel, and 
James, Jr, and one daughtei-, Vesta, who married Dr A. Burbank. Mark 
Lowell was one of the selectmen f(n" several years, and also a representative to 
the legislature. Mr Lowell died July 27, 1858. 

Colonel Jolm M. Frife, a descendant of General J()se[)h Frye, of Fryeburg, 
was born in Westbrook, Novendjer 28, 1802. Mr Frye, from early manhood, 
was intimately connected with the manufacturing industries of Lewiston, 
retaining his relation to the Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Company until he 
retired from business. In the municipal affairs of the town and city he took 
a deep interest. He served on the board of selectmen, was eleven years town 
treasurer, was a member of tlie Maine senate in 1841, and was elected a 
member of the governor's council in 1861. In these various positions he 
served with honor to himself and to the gratification of the people. In middle 
life he was elected colonel of his regiment of militia, a position in which he 
took much interest, making a model officer. Colonel Frye married Miss Alice 
Davis, daughter of Mr David Davis, in 1828. They had two sons, Hon. 
William P. Frye, tlie distinguished senator, now in the U. S. senate, Dr 
Albert S. Frye, who died in early life, and several daughters. Colonel Frye 
died January 1, 1885. 

Major William R. Frye, a brother of Colonel John M. Frye, was born in 
Westbrook in 1808. He married Melicant Mower, of Greene. Major Frye in 
early life was one of the most successful of our school teachers, having taught 
a number of years at Lowell's Corner and at the Herrick school-house. He 
was interested in manufacturing, having for years an interest in the woolen 
mill here and at Sabatis. But it was in political life he was best known. 
Unquestionably he had the power of leadership, and had he been physically 



416 History of Androscoggin County. 



strong would have made it felt. For seven years he was chairman of the 
board of selectmen, was postmaster under Van Buren, Pierce, and Buchanan ; 
and was a member of the state senate in 1841 and 1842. He was instrumental 
in securino- the location of the Maine State Seminary here and was one of the 
trustees of Bates College. iMr Frye had abilities of no ordinary character. As 
a speaker he was forcible, incisive, with a marked command of language. He 
drew around him many friends, and was not wanting in enthusiastic admirers, 
and in his intercourse with the public was kind and affable. His second wife 
was Miss Susan E. Caverly, of Lowell, Mass. Major Frye died March 5, 1865. 

Edward P. Tobie, a native of Chesterville, married Miss Caroline Frye, 
daughter of Mr Dean Frye, in 1829, and removed to Lewiston about 1836. Mr 
Tobie was elected town clerk in 1839, and held the office of town and city 
clerk, with the exception of one year, until his death in 1875. His life was 
one of singular purity and commanded universal respect. His family consisted 
of two sons and two daughters. One of his sons, Edward P. Tobie, Jr, is one 
of the editors of the Providence Journnl. and a brilliant writer. 

Captain Daniel Holland^ son of John and Rebecca Holland, who settled 
in tlie southern part of Lewiston early in this century, was born Sei)tember 
23, 1811, and died in March, 1891. He learned the tanning business of Asa 
Garcelon, and lived for a while in Durham. He married, October 22, 1835, 
Mary A., daughter of Deacon Joseph Field, and settled in Lewiston and 
became an active, vigorous, hard-working, honest4iearted business man of 
foresight and public spirit. Their children are Mrs F. I. Day, of Lewiston, 
Mrs H. S. Garcelon, of Dayville, Conn., and Alphonso B. Holland, of Lewiston. 
In 1836 Captain Holland and Stephen Field, his brother-in-law, put up a 
building on Sabatis street. It was a large building for those days, and they 
did a large business buying wool skins and pulling wool. The first residence 
of Cai)tain Holland was in the Manning House, near Sabatis-street junction 
with Main street. About 1837 Captain Holland built a two-story brick house 
where Central Block is. He lived here many years, making famous thick 
boots, and selling them at retail at Portland and Bangor. He was an ardent 
militia-man, and captain of the Light Infantry Company. He did most of the 
lumbering in this city until the advent of Mr Bearce, and was an extensive 
dealer in real estate. He was especially potent at the time the corporations (in 
1847) were desirous of buying land. They found it difficult to purchase, and 
in connection with Colonel Reed and Mark Lowell, Captain Holland acted as 
a self-constituted committee, and bonded many farms and much land on both 
sides of the river. He built his fine brick residence on College street about 
1872. He was president of the Lewiston Falls Bank, town treasurer in 
1856 and 1857, and representative in 1866 and 1867. In 1868 he was a 
member of the governor's council, and in 1870 and 1871 was in the Maine 
State Senate. He was prominent in the establishment of Riverside Cemetery, 



City of Lewiston. 417 



and with John M. Fiye, Wm R. Frye, Alonzo Garcelon, A. H. Kelsey, Amos 
Nevens, D. H. Hamilton, Am mi R. Nash, and S. R. Bearce bought the 
property for -til, 000, and established the corporation. Every one respected 
Captain Holland for his native integrity, his candid common sense, his wide 
acquaintance with business, his rare judgment on all matters of social and 
industrial welfare, his kind heart, and his honest soul. 

John Read, Esq., son of Colonel Stephen and Abigail (Brown) Read, was 
born in Lewiston, December 21, 1820. Mr Read's educational advantages 
were obtained in the public schools of the town and at the Lewiston Falls 
Academy, where he tot)k a course in higher mathematics in order to pre})are 
himself for the profession of civil engineer, which he subsequently pursued, 
having been engaged on several railroads in this state and in this west. In 
1855 Mr Read was elected chairman of the board of selectmen; was one of 
the county commissioners from 186U to 1881; street commissioner of the city 
of Lewiston for three years; superintendent of the water works for two years; 
clerk of the water works for two years ; and has been secretary of the Odd 
Fellows' Mutual Relief Association since 1885. He married Miss Mary A. 
Bonney, of Turner, May 18, 1848, and has two sons, Charles B. Reade, who 
graduated at Bates College in the class of 1873, and is now Deputy Sergeant- 
at-Arms of the U. S. Senate, and J. Leslie Reade, a graduate of Bates College, 
class of 1883, who is now connected with the Auburn Daily Gazette. 

Hon. Jacob B. ILun, son of Colonel Ebenezer and Judith (Barker) Ham, 
was born in Lewiston, March 24, 1824. He was educated in the town schools 
and the Lewiston Falls Academy. He early engaged in trade and was always 
inteiested in mercantile pursuits. Mr ILim's rugged character and evident 
ability soon brought him before the public, and he became one of the leading 
men in the county. He was representative to the legislature in 1854-6, and 
selectman of Lewiston in 1859, and in 18G0-()2 was chairman of the board. In 
1863 Mr Ham was elected with great unanimity, as the first mayor of Lewiston, 
and was re-elected in 1864. Mr Ham was at the head of the municipal 
government of Lewiston during the entire period of the Civil War. During 
these years of anxiety and great responsibility he managed the affairs of the 
town and city with rare judgment and ability. Lewiston's quota was always 
ready at the time designated by the government, and in all of the affairs of 
the place which came under his control he showed executive ability and tact. 
He was appointed by the governor as Maine's commissioner to the New 
Orleans Exposition, and ably represented the state. His mind was so cast that 
he not only took great interest in the city, state, and county, but he also took 
much delight in intellectual pursuits, and traveled in almost every state in the 
Union, in Mexico, Cuba, and Europe. He had a fine appreciation of the rare 
and beautiful, and the instincts of the antiquary. His was an active, vigorous, 
and robust life, maintained with wonderful poise, until the end came, Sep- 
tember 3, 1888. 



418 HisToiiY OF Andkoscoggin County. 



Prof. Thomas Hill Rich, A.M.,^ son of Hosea Rich, an eminent physician 
and surgeon, was born in Bangor, is a graduate of Bowdoin College and of the 
Theological Seminary in Bangor. For three years he taught Latin and Greek 
in East Maine Conference Seminary at Bucksport, for two years was in the 
Portland Hio-h School, and for six years was assistant teacher of Hebrew at 
Bangor. Since 1872 he has been professor of Hebrew in Cobb Divinity 
School. He has published metrical versions of portions of the Old Testament. 
Of his version of Nahum The Christian Mirror said: "His purpose has been 
well accomplished. The paraphrase is in iambic measure, unrhymed, but easy 
and flowing; the diction pure, and the effect of the whole pleasing. It is 
remarkable liow much of grace and power is added to these inspired pro- 
ductions by presenting them in a dress worthy of their originals." Other 
creditable critics have said that this version was comparable with and similar 
to Matthew Arnold's metrical versions of portions of Isaiah. Journals like the 
New York Independent have given high words of praise to his work. M7-s 
Caroline W. D. Rich (wife of Prof. Thomas Hill Rich) is a lineal descendant 
on the paternal side from John Stockbridge, who came from Kent, England, in 

1627, and on the maternal side from John Leavitt, who came from England in 

1628. Mrs Rich has written several books, some of which have passed into 
second and third editions. A poem of considerable length was written for the 
centennial of Turner, is embodied in the "History of Turner," and also is in 
book form. Poems of the imagination, legends, and ballads have appeared in 
the leading publications of the day. Translations also have been added to 
her literary work as well as hymns, scnne of which may be found in hymn 
collections. 



Tlie early center of business was at Lowell's Corner, but, about 1815, 
business houses began to cluster around and on lower Main street, leaving but 
the store of James Lowell at the Corner when the railroad came in LS41>. 
Lower Main street did not retain its commercial supremacy after Central 
Block was built and Lisbon street was laid out and partially opened. John 
W. Perkins (the first dry goods merchant, established early near the bridge,) 
moved to Central Block, others followed, the post-office was removed to a 
building standing where J. T. Small's office does, at the head of Lisbon street, 
and the tide of business enterprise flowed that way. As new stores were 
demanded, Lisbon street was by degrees opened and has developed into the 
great commercial thoroughfare of to-day. The old arcades near Cedar street 
were built by the corporations soon after their extensive surveys and laying 
out of streets, to draw trade that way, but it refused to come. With the 
opening of Sabatis road and the new road to Lisbon down Lisbon street, easy 

1 Condensed from sketches in " Poets of Maine." 



City of Lewiston. 419 



transportation for their prodnce was given to the farmers to the east, and tliat 
developed trade. The mills brought workmen who must have houses, food, 
and necessaries of life and business steadily increased. By 1860 the population 
was 7,424, and the valuation had increased fourfold in ten years and was 
'12,426,374. The growth has been very ra[)id, Bates College has made the city 
an educational center, and Lewiston is among the most prosperous cities of 
New England, and increasing in size, wealth, an<l improvements with each 
year. It now has a valuation of -fl 2,144,494. The French comprise from one- 
fourth to one-third of the population. Tlie original seven wards of the city 
are unclianged in limits and have this population: Ward 1, 2,796; ward 
2, 2,243; ward 3, 2,482; ward 4, 2,761; ward 5, 5,049; ward 6,4,103; ward 7, 
2,267; a total of 21,701. Jones's r)lock, now lower Maine Central station, was 
built about 1851, Central Block in the last of the 'fifties. Journal P)lock in 
1862, Savings Bank Block in 1868, Lyceum Block in 1872, Centennial Block 
in 1876, Frye Block in 1877, Scruton Block in 1883, Sands Block in 1885. 

The address of Mayor Newell, on assuming office, gave the financial con- 
dition of the city, March 1, 1891, thus: Liabilities, $1,099,000; resources, 
$182,752.11. He further says : 

At the beginning of the last municipal year, the city report shows that the floating debt 
was $G.'j,8()0. It is now $109,000, but of this sum $44,000 has been expoiuled toward the 
construction of the new city building; and the floating delit then existing has not been 
increased by the ordinary expenditures, but has, as the figures show, been somewliat 
decreased. The amount of $44,000 this year added, is now invested in the city building. 

The net debt of the city is $916,247.89, but of this sura $.500,000 is represented by the 
water loan, which is more than self-sustaining, so that this is not a burden upon the city, 
nor, in reality, a debt. The same may also be said of the 2,2.50 shares of the Lewiston & 
Auburn Railroad, whose face value is $225,000, and which is to-day worth $337,000. 
These two items of our indebtedness, aggregating, in money values, $837,000, do not 
constitute a burden upon the tax payers of our city, because they are a paying investment, 
not only from a money point 'of view, but they are important factors in the material 
progress and development of its business interests, and contribute in no small degree to 
the value of our taxable property. This leaves the debt, not self-sustaining, $79,247.89, 
with a valuation of $11,2.50,000 worth of taxable property, and makes a financial showing 
which compares favorably with that of any city in New England, and is in fact, equaled by 
that of very few. None of the outstanding bonds mature during the year. $100,000 of 
them become due on the first day of January, 1893; but it is thought that it will not be 
advisable to pay the same at maturity, owing to the heavy expenditures incident to the 
loss and reconstruction of our city building. For this reason, an act has passed the 
present legislature enabling the city to fund the same when due. This can be done at a 
low rate of interest, because the financial standing of our city is such that the bonds are 
looked upon as a safe investment. 



420 History of Androscoggin County. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

ALONZO GARCELON, A.M., M.D. 

THERE is now living ;i man who has had more to do in the various move- 
ments of the last fifty years that have produced the Lewiston of to-day, 
than any, or perhaps all others. We refer to ex-Governor Alonzo Gar- 
celon, known to his townsmen and throughout this county by his extensive and 
long-continued medical practice as "Doctor Garcelon." He was born in 
Lewiston, on the ancestral farm in the central part of the town. May 6, 1813. 
His father, Colonel William Garcelon, was a prominent citizen, and his mother, 
Mary (Davis) Garcelon, was a grand-daughter of the old-time Quaker surveyor 
and land-owner, Amos Davis, and daughter of David Davis. Dr Garcelon was 
trained to practical agriculture on tlie extensive farm of his father, with the 
advantages of the town schools, and an occasional term at private grammar 
schools until 1829, when his higher education began at Moiimouth Academy, 
where he studied 18 months. He then was at Waterville Academy for two 
terms, taught a school in Waterville, in the district where resided the autlior of 
Kenney's arithmetic, the winter term of 1831-2, attended Newcastle Academy' 
the next spring, and entered Bowdoin College in the fall of 1832, graduating 
in 1836. During his college course he taught winter schools, and went to 
Alfred in the fall of 1836 as principal of Alfred Academy. After three terms 
of success he relinquished teaching, to become a medical student. Passing a 
few months in the office of Dr Abiel Hall, he entered Dartmouth College, 
and also placed himself as a private student of the distinguished surgeon, Dr 
Muzzey. In 1838 Dr Muzzey was elected professor of surgery in tlie Medical 
College of Ohio at Cincinnati, and at his request Mr Garcelon went witli him. 
The best opportunities foi- instruction were now afforded the student, among 
others that of attending a large hospital where numerous surgical operations 
were performed. He graduated as M.D., in March, 1839, but remained in the 
hospital until October. Returning to Lewiston he began practice, and by a 
strange combination of circumstances leaped at once into prominence and 
extensive practice. From that time he has enjoyed a successful career as a 
[)hysician and surgeon. He was one of the originators of the Maine Medical 
Societjs one of the charter members, and a president of the Androscoggin 
County Medical Association, and has been honored with many responsible 
positions in medical bodies. He was a hospital surgeon in the Civil War. 

Always public spirited and positive in his thoughts and their expression, 
his attenqjts to improve Lewiston have been unceasing. He was one of the 



City of Lewiston. 421 



few who struggled to establish manufacturing, and built the first mill — the 
Lincoln. The next step toward development was good roads and more of 
them. He originated a central highway for the section east of Lewiston, and 
after several years of opposition, Sabatis street was laid out in 1846. With 
two or three other far-sighted men he fought the battle with conservatism, 
and next the -Switzerland road, College street, and Lisbon street were located. 
Then the railroad question came up. Dr Garcelon was one of the first to give 
personal attention to get, first, the Grand Trunk located to Danville Junction, 
next the Maine Central, and then the Androscoggin railroad. In gaining 
these Lewiston gained, but the active workers sacrificed time and money. 
The growing town demanded a newspaper to voice its needs and advantages. 
Dr Garcelon proposed to his brother-indaw, W. H. Waldron, to furnish the 
capital for one if he would conduct it. Mr Waldron accepted this offer and 
the Leiviston 'Journal was established. The idea of adding to the importance 
of Lewiston by making it the center of a new county originated with Dr 
Garcelon and the battle for this was begun, ending with success after a pro- 
longed contest. During each session of the legislature while this was in 
agitation Dr Garcelon and his map of the towns was a conspicuous figure at 
Augusta. The next important step was the securing of Maine State Seminary 
for Lewiston. Dr Garcelon was one of the most persistent and generous 
workers in accomplishing it. In doing this he and nine others became owners 
of the first site selected. This they laid out as Riverside Cemetery. It was 
through his forceful energy that tlie Lewiston & Auburn Railroad was built. 

Dr Garcelon was of Whig ancestry, but while in college found himself in 
unison with Andrew Jackson's stand against nullification, and cast his first 
votes for Jackson men. He soon became a Free-soiler, and during the Civil 
War was a Republican. At the close of the war he was in line with the 
Democratic party on leading questions, and was strongly opposed to the 
Republican action in attempting to impeach President Johnson, and in the 
reconstruction measures. He had always been active in politics, was repre- 
sentative from Lewiston in 1853 and 1857, and was in the state senate of 1855. 
He was the Democratic candidate for member of Congress in 1868 and did 
good work as an educator, but the district was so strongly Republican as to 
preclude from the first all hope of an election. He was elected mayor of 
Lewiston in 1871, the first Democrat to hold the position. He received the 
Democratic nomination for governor in 1878. There was no choice by the 
people and he was chosen by the legislature and served in 1879. He has ever 
been prominent in the councils of his party, was a delegate to the first 
Republican national convention, and a delegate to the Democratic national 
convention at St Louis. Of quick decision and great rapidity of action, Dr 
Garcelon will always make his presence felt. Those who know him best speak 
highest of his social nature, generous kindliness, and other qualities that give 



422 History of Androscoggin County. 



him unbounded popularity. As a citizen he stands in the front rank. At the 
age of nearly fourscore years, his eye is undimnied, his physical and mental 
vigor well sustained, and his chief delight is driving one of his blooded horses 
20 or 30 miles a day on a professional trip. Dr Garcelon married, first, Ann 
Augusta, daughter of Job Philpot, of Somersworth, N. H. She died in 
December, 1857. Their surviving children are Charles A. (general superin- 
tendent of the Pullman Palace Car Company, with offices at Chicago, 111.), 
Ellen E., Alonzo M. (a physician of Lewiston), Edward L. (of Warren, 
Mass.). January 13, 1859, he married Olivia N., daughter of Captain Archi- 
bald Spear, of Rockland, (now deceased). Their daughter, Edith S. (Mrs 
Frank C. Dennis), resides in Kansas City. 

HON. NELSON DINGLEY, JR., A.M., LL.D. 

Hon. NeUon Din(/Iei/, J)\^ the eldest son of Nelson and Jane L. Dingley, 
was born in Durham, Me, February 15, 1832. Beginning life with only their 
stout hands and brave hearts as capital, his parents removed the next year to 
Parkman, Piscataquis county, where they lived on a farm for a short time, and 
then took charge of the village tavern, with which a store was connected. In 
1838 they removed to Unity, Waldo county, where his father was engaged in 
trade for several years and was highly respected by his fellow-citizens, being 
frequently elected one of the selectmen of the town, and once representing the 
county in the state senate, notwithstanding he was a Whig, and his town and 
county Democratic. The son was distinguished in the village school for his 
studious habits and good scholarship. In vacations he aided his father in the 
store and on a farm which the latter owned. When he was 12 years of age he 
attended a high school kept in another part of the town, walking three miles 
every morning and night, and carrying his dinner with him. At the age of 16 
he was instrumental in organizing a section of Cadets of Temperance in the 
village where he resided, which proved a very efficient temperance educator in 
the neighborhood. In this organization he engaged in debates, and exhibited 
that deep interest in temperance which has distinguished his maturer life. At 
17 he successfully taught a winter school in the town of China, 14 miles from 
his home, and continued to teach every winter but one for the next five years. 
In 1850, at the age of 18, he became a student at Waterville Academy, of 
which the well-known Professor J. H. Hanson was principal, and there com- 
pleted his preparation for college, entering Waterville College (now Colby 
University) in 1851, and remained there a year and a half, and then became 
a student at Dartmouth College, at which institution he graduated in 1855, 
with high rank as a scholar, debater, and writer. After leaving college Mr 
Dingley studied law for one year with Morrill & Fessenden, at Auburn, to 

'From p. C. Headley's "Public Men of To-Day." 



City of Lewiston. 423 



which city his ^JfU'ents had removed while he was in college. In 1856 he was 
admitted to the bar, but instead of entering u[)on the [)ractice of law he decided 
to become a journalist, for which profession he had always manifested a 
decided taste, having been a frequent contributor to the local press, both 
during and after his collegiate course. In September, 185(), he purchased one- 
half of the Lcwiston Journal,, of which he had been practically the editor while 
studying law; and a year later he became sole proprietor and editor. The 
Journal, with a daily edition added in 1801, at which time his younger brother, 
Frank L., became associated with him, rapidly increased in circulation and 
influence under his management, and soon became the most widely circulated 
and most influential political newspaper in Maine — distinguished not only for 
its able and candid advocacy of Republican princi})les, but also for its decided 
temperance and moral tone. 

Mr Dingley's active political career commenced at the same time with his 
journalistic life, although from a boy he had taken great interest in [)olitical 
questions. His first vote was cast in 1854 for Hon. Anson P. Morrill, the 
anti-slavery and temperance candidate for governor, a political combination 
from which arose the Republican party of, Maine during the following winter. 
He threw himself into the Fremont Campaign in 1856, with all the ardor of 
youth and ability of age, writing editorials for his pa[)er in the day-time and 
s[)eaking in behalf of the Republican cause in the school-houses of adjoining 
towns in the evening; and although only 24 years of age he was recognized at 
once, not only as a young man of high promise, but as already a valuable 
advocate of the Republican cause. In 1801, at the age of 29, he was elected 
representative to the state legislature from Auburn, in which body he at once 
took high rank; was re-elected in 1862, and chosen Speaker of the House at 
the session of 1863. In 1863 he removed to Lewiston, and a few months after 
was elected to the legislature from that city; and at the o[)ening of the 
legislative session of 1864 was unanimously re-elected Speaker, the duties of 
which position he had discharged with great ability and success. At the state 
election of 1864 he was elected to the House a fourth time, and at the session 
of 1865 was again tendered the position of Speaker, which he declined, 
[)referring to take his place on the floor, in which position he was the recog- 
nized leader of the Republicans of the House. He was also a representative 
to the legislature from Lewiston in 1868 and 1873. During his six terms in 
the state legislatui-e he took an active and leading [)art in the debates and 
business, serving on the committees on Judiciary, Education, Railroads, and 
Federal Relations; framing, advocating, and carrying through im2)ortant 
legislation, including laws to enable Maine to fill her quotas in the Union 
army, to aid soldiers' families, to establish a system of free high schools, and a 
general railroad law. His speeches were always brief, logical', and effective — 
never made for display, but simply to carry the measure in hand. A brief, but 



424 History of Androscoggin County. 

earnest and eloquent speech made at the session of 1865, in advocacy of the 
resohition to ratify the constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, was 
regarded at the time by those who heard it as one of the most effective ever 
made in the state house. During the dozen years from 18(31 to 1873, when 
Mr Dingley was taking so conspicuous a part in the state legislature and state 
politics, he participated in every political campaign, delivered numerous 
addresses before educational, temperance, and religious conventions, and many 
lectures before lyceums. In 1867-8 he was at the head of the State Lodge of 
Good Templars, an important temperance organization, and regarded an 
acknowledged leader in the temperance and prohibitory movement in Maine. 
In 1873 Mr Dingley was nominated as the Republican candidate for 
governor of Maine by a vote of two to one against two popular opponents, and 
was elected by about 10,000 majority. In 1874 he was re-elected by over 
11,000 majority, declining a third nomination in 1875. His services in the 
gubernatorial chair in the promotion of economy, the equalization of taxation, 
and in securing a revision of the state constitution, were so valuable and 
acceptable as to win the approbation of even his political opponents. He was 
one of the delegates-at-large from Maine to the Republican National Conven- 
tion in 1876, and served on the committee on resolutions, and was one of the 
sub-committee of five who drafted the platform. He actively participated in 
the presidential campaign of 1876, and in the state campaigns of 1877-8-9 was 
regarded as one of the ablest speakers and writers in the state on the financial 
issues raised by the Greenbackers. In 1879-80 he was chairman of the Repub- 
lican executive committee appointed to prevent the success of the Democratic- 
Greenback attempt to count out the Republican legislative majority, and in 
that capacity did good service. In the presidential election of 1880 he labored 
effectively for the Republican cause, both in his paper and on the platform. 
In 1881 he was elected by the Republicans of the Second Congressional District 
to fill the vacancy in Congress caused by the resignation of Hon. William P. 
Frye, receiving a majority of 5,124, nearly twice as large as was ever before 
given to any candidate in that district, and took his seat in the House at the 
opening of the first session of the Forty-seventh Congress, in December, 1881. 
His first speech in Congress was made April 25, 1882, on " Protection to 
American Shipping," the House being in committee of the whole on the bill to 
create a tariff commission. This speech was listened to with unusual attention, 
and was pronounced by the Washinyton Star "a speech of much ability and 
force, giving promise of a successful career in Congress," and by the Wash- 
ington correspondent of the New York Tribune "one of the best speeches ever 
made by a new member." May 17, 1882, Mr Dingley spoke in the House on 
the bill to extend the corporate existence of national banks. His speech was 
regarded as so able and satisfactory a discussion of the national banking 
system, that it was reprinted by the Republican congressional committee and 



City of Lewiston. 425 



widely circulated as a campaign document. Under a joint resolution intro- 
duced into the House by Mr Dingley and passed August 7, 1882, he was 
appointed a member of a joint committee to investigate the condition and 
wants of American ship-building and ship-owning interests. This committee, 
of which Senators Conger of Michigan, Miller of New York, and Vest of 
Missouri, and Congressmen Cox of New York, Robeson of N6w Jersey, McLane 
of Maryland, and Page of California, were members, met in New York City, 
November 15, 1882, and heard the testimony of a large number of gentlemen 
interested in shipping. The report of the committee was drawn up by Mr 
Dingley and unanimously agreed to by the committee. The report was 
regarded as a very able and valuable docuiuent. The committee reported a 
bill to remove certain burdens on American shipping, framed by Mr Dingley 
which subsequently became a law. While this bill was under consideration 
ill the House, January 6, 1883, Mr Dingley made a speech on the "Revival of 
American Shipping," in re[)ly to Congressman Cox, which placed him at once 
in the front rank of Congressmen, and gave him a national reputation. As 
this was the first step that had been taken by Congress for half a century to 
encourage American shi[)[)ing, the measure attracted much attention, and gave 
Mr Dingley a merited rei)Utation as the leading friend of the American 
mei'chant marine in Congress. 

Mr Dingley was re-elected to the 48th, 40th, 50th, 51st, and 52d Congresses 
by large majorities, having been nominated by acclamation each time by the 
Republicans of the Second Congressional District of Maine, composed of the 
counties of Androscoggin, Franklin, Knox, Lincoln, Oxford, and Sagadahoc. 
During his long term of service in Congress, Mr Dingley has been one of the 
nujst prominent Republican leaders, taking a leading part in tariff, financial, 
and shipping legislation, and recognized as an authority on all these subjects. 
Among the public measures which he has originated and successfully carried 
tiirough are the Shipping Acts of 1884 and 188(>, the Act creating the Bureau 
of Navigation in the Treasury Department, the Worsted Classification Act, 
and many other important measures. He has served on the Committee on 
Baidving and Currency, Merchant Marine and Fisheries (which committee was 
created on his motion). Alcoholic Liquor Traffic, and Ways and Means. In 
the first session of the 51st Congress, he took a very prominent part, as a 
member of the latter committee, in framing the McKinley tariff, which became 
a law October 1, 1890, and went into effect five days later. Mr Dingley never 
speaks in the House unless he has something to. say which will shed light on 
the question under consideration, and for this reason he always obtains an 
attentive hearing, and exerts a marked influence on both sides. His speeches 
on the " Shipping Question," January 6, 1883, March 11, 1884, and January 7, 
1891; on "American Steamships for American Mails," February 10, 1885, 
March 30, 1886, and July 13, 1888; against the "Free Ship" bill, May 22, 



426 History of Androscoggin County. 

188(5; oil the "Labor Arbitration" bill, April 2, 1886; on the Tariff, April 29, 
1884, May 3, and July 21, 1888, and May 22, 1890, and on the currency ques- 
tion, at various times, were all re-printed and widely circulated by Repub- 
lican committees, and everywhere regarded as among the ablest presentations 
of these subjects ever made in Congress. 

In addition to his important and successful work in Congress, and his 
speeches in every political campaign not only in Maine, but in many other 
states, Mr Dingley has found time to write many editorial articles for his paper 
(the Letviston Journal^, and to make many temperance addresses — serving 
as president of the Congressional Temperance Society for many years, and to 
deliver many other addresses. Among these was an address on the " Fishery 
Question " before the Boston Merchants' Club, March 10, 1887 ; one on the 
" Shipping Question " before tlie Boston Chamber of Commerce, January 31, 
1889; one on the "Tariff Question " before the Home Market Club at Boston, 
May 31, 1890; and the oration at the centennial of his native town (Durham), 
August 21, 1889. He received the degree of A.M., in course, from his alma 
mater (Dartmouth College) in 1858, and the honorary degree of LL.D. from 
Bates College in 1874. 

Mr Dingley married Miss Salome McKenney, daughter of a merchant of 
Auburn, in 1857. Six children — five sons and one daughter — have been the 
fruit of this union. Four of the sons and the daughter (the youngest) are 
now (1891) living. 

OREN B. CHENEY, D.D. 

"The Cheney genealogy is traced from England to Roxbury (Boston 
Highlands), Mass., and from Roxbury to Newburyport, some of the family 
being there as early as 1680. Deacon Elias Cheney, born in old Newbury, 
February 20, 1741, settled quite early in life in Thornton, N. H., and died 
there in 1805, at the age of 86. Deacon Elias Chene3s son of the above, and 
father of Deacon Moses Cheney, also lived and died in Tliornton. The latter 
died in Ashland, July 17, 1875, aged 82 years and five months." Deacon Moses 
Cheney was the first of the name to engage in the manufacture of paper. 
This was in one of the first three or four mills built in the state and located 
at Holderness village (now Ashland), and when most of the paper was made 
by hand. Losing his father at the age of 12, it was but a few years after that 
he commenced to learn this trade, engaging in the business of manufacturing 
when very young, and ever afterwards continuing in it. Deacon Cheney was 
a highly respected man, and held many town offices. One of his sons. Person 
C, has been governor of New Hampshire, and U. S. Senator. 

Oren Burhank Chenvy^ i>.i>., son of Deacon Moses and Abigail (Morrison) 
Cheney, was born in Holderness (Ashland), N. H., December 10, 1816. When 



City of Lewiston. 427 



a lad Oren worked in his father's paper mill to obtain the practical knowledge 
necessary to enable him to follow the business. But man proposes, God 
disposes. When Oren was 13 years old, an injury to one of his thumbs 
prevented his working for a time and he was sent to school at the New 
Hampton Academical and Theological Institute. Here a new world dawned 
upon him. He saw Long John Wentworth pass through the village on his 
wa}^ to Sandwich and Hanover, and learned that he was a student at Dart- 
mouth College. College life was thus brought to his attention. Here, also, 
Hosea Quinby, one of his teachers, was very much interested in him, and 
awoke in him a desire for education. In September, 1832, Rev. Dr Quinby 
established the first school of the Freewill Baptist denomination at North 
Parsonsfield, Me, and (^ren was in attendance on the day of opening, as one of 
the first scholars of the first school of that church to whose educational 
interests his subsequent life has been devoted. The classes in Latin had such 
a charm for him that he would listen to the recitations day after day, and here 
he made his determination to go to college. In 1833 he began his preparatory 
course at New Hampton, and in 1835 he entered Dartmouth College, where he 
was graduated in 1839, and walked home to Holderness. The Lord was 
steadily preparing him for his life-work. While at home he was baptized by 
Rev. Dr Simeon Dana, and became a member of the Freewill Baptist church. 
In the fall of 1839 Mr Cheney came to Farmington, Me, as principal of the 
academy, and while here he married Caroline A. Rundlett. From 1841 
to 1843 he was principal, first of StraiTord (N. H.) Academy and later of 
Greenland (N. H.) Academy. While at Greenland he was licensed to preach 
by the Portsmouth church. In 1843 he went to North Parsonsfield, Me, as 
principal of the Free Baptist Seminary. He also preached; one-half the time 
at North Parsonsfield and the other half at Effingham Hill, N. H., where he 
was ordained in 1844. In 1845 he went to Whitestown, N. Y., to study 
theology in the Biblical School, and to teach Latin in the Seminary. This 
course was unfinished, owing to the illness of his wife, who died June 13, 
1846, in Stratham, N. H. (Their son, Horace R., a graduate of Bowdoin 
College and Harvard Law School, was a lawyer in Boston. He died December 
13, 1876.) In August, 1846, he settled in West Lebanon, Me, where he 
preached one-half of the year. He married, August, 1847, Nancy S., daughter 
of Rev. Thomas Perkins. Their children are Mrs Caroline A. Swan and Mrs 
Emeline R. Boothby. Mrs Cheney died February 21, 1886. He was a 
pronounced Abolitionist, and was elected representative for 1851-2 by the 
Whigs and Free-soilers. While in the legislature he voted for the original 
prohibitory law of the state, and secured a state appropriation of funds for 
West Lebanon Academy, which he had founded. In 1852 he became pastor of 
the First Free Ba[)tist church of Augusta, and in 1854 Parsonsfield Seminary 
was burned. 



428 History op Androscoggin County. 

Dr Cheney now felt that the time had come to establish a Free Baptist 
school of high grade in a central location of the state and that it was his duty 
to devote himself to the accomplishment of this purpose. Through his efforts 
a charter for Maine State Seminary was obtained March 16, 1855, and he was 
made principal and treasurer. The charter gave the trustees the right to 
locate the school, and at a meeting at Vienna, held in connection with the 
Maine Central Yearly Meeting, after three days' debate, it was voted to 
locate it in Lewiston. The esteem in which Dr Cheney's parishioners at 
Augusta held him was such that it was only after two resignations that he wa.s 
released from his pastorate. In 1857 he came to Lewiston, and in September 
opened Maine State Seminary. Dr Cheney received his degree of D.D. from 
Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1865. He has been a member of 
twelve General Conferences, and has been three times moderator of that body, 
and has ever occupied a prominent position on the conference board. He has 
been a national delegate of his denomination to the meeting of General Baptists 
in England ; recording secretary of the Foreign Mission, and Home Mission 
Societies; jn-esident of the Educational and Anti-Slavery Societies, and is now 
president of the Free Baptist Foreign Society. Of good Anglo-Saxon stock on 
his paternal side, Dr Cheney inherited from liis mother the characteristics of 
her Scotch-Irish ancestry — industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and independ- 
ence of thought and action, dominated by deep religious principles. So we 
find him ever independent, fearless, tenacious of his convictions, and masterful 
in impressing them upon others. He has been a leader, persistent in carrying 
his well-formed plans into execution. He was by nature the very man to 
encounter and surmount the discouragements that were met in the establish- 
ment of Bates College. Opposition but spurred hini to effort, and his courage 
and faith raised up powerful coadjutors. From the time when as a college 
student he successfully resisted a prominent man in tlie district where he was 
teaching, who did not approve of prayers in scliool and was determined that 
they should be discontinued, until the present he has persisted in what he 
thought was right and demonstrated his qualities as a Christian educator and a 
far-seeing and efficient man of affairs. Everywhere, in every age, in every 
department of life, we find that success springs from the energy of tlie man, 
and as there is an inspiration to others in the achievements of such men, we 
place this record tliat its influence may descend with hel|)ful strength to other 
men and other generations. 

benjamin EDWARD BATES. 

Benjamin E. Bates was never a resident of Lewiston, but his business 
ability, Christian philanthropy, and unbounded benevolence will cause his 
memory to be ever cherished. He was born in Mansfield, Mass., July 12, 1808, 
and was descended from i)rominent families of Plymouth Colony. His father. 





iJLj-^^d^ 



City of Lewiston. 429 



Major Elkanah Bates, was a merchant and deacon of the Congregational 
church, and Benjamin was early familiar with the details of business operations 
and developed a sterling Christian character. Going to Boston when 21 he 
soon became member of the mercantile firm of B. F. Loring & Co., which 
became in turn Davis & Bates, Davis, Bates & Turner, and Bates, Turner & 
Co. These different houses stood in the front rank of the eminent firms of 
the city. The firm of Bates, Turner & Co. was dissolved in 1847 and the 
same year Mr Bates became interested in Lewiston and its capabilities for 
manufacturing. He worked incessantly, sparing no pains, and finally became 
personally responsible for the payment of many subscriptions of stock in 
Lewiston corporations from those who proved unable to meet the payment. 
In four years' time 11,000,000 was profitably expended, two corporations 
started (one bearing his name), and the first mill of each in successful opera- 
tion. He took $13,000 stock of the 125,000 capital in the first bank of the 
city, and did more in building up the solid wealth of the city than any or all 
residents of the place. In January, 1862, he made his first subscription to the 
scliool now Bates College. It was $6,000, with the condition that the State 
Agricultural College should be located here. This was not done, however, 
and he substituted a pledge of $25,000 on other conditions, which were met 
and the pledge redeemed. Jvdy 11, 1868, his second subscription of $75,000 
was made and later paid. His third subscription was made February 21, 1873, 
for $100,000, on condition that an equal sum should be raised within five 
years. These conditions were supposed to have been met 38 days after his 
death, January 14, 1878. The subsequent litigation and decision against the 
right of the college to this money does not affect his generosity. He was a 
man of vast comprehension of life, of great business capacities, and, while the 
busiest of workers, yet he always had time to relieve distress, and to do able 
work for Christian philanthropies. By his own efforts he became the pride of 
business circles, the founder of gigantic industries, the patron of learning, and 
an honorable pillar of his cliurch. 

HON. J. L. H. COBB. 

An old Kentish family of goodly estate was represented in the early 
Plymouth Colony by a young man, Henry Cobb,' who was one of the nine men 
known as " Men of Kent," that settled in Scituate, where they gave the name 
to the first located street — Kent street. He was at Plymouth in 1629; his 
name is on the first list of freemen made in 1633 as a member of the General 
Court. In 1634 he was one of the first settlers of Scituate, a member and 
deacon of the Congregational church. In 1639, with his pastor. Rev. John 
Lothrop, and the most of the church, he removed to Mattakeese (Barnstable), 
where in 1670 he was ordained "ruling elder." Here he was a town officer, a 
member of important committees, and deputy to the Colony Court in 1645, 



430 History of Androscoggin County. 

1647, 1652, 1659, 1660, 1661. He died in 1679. His first wife was Patience 
Hurst, whom he married in Plymouth in 1631. John Cobb,^ eldest child of 
Henry and Patience (Hurst) Cobb, was born in Plymouth, June 7, 1632, 
married Martha Nelson, and settled in his native town, where he died in 
1715. His descendants are among the leading citizens of Plymouth to-day, 
Ebenezer,^ third child of John and Martha, married first Mercy Holmes. Their 
oldest child was Ebenezer,* of whom Thomas B. Drew, the historian of 
Kingston, Mass., says: "Died December 8, 1801, Mr Ebenezer Cobb, in the 
108th year of his age. As he was born in 1694, his life embraced six years of 
the 17th century, the whole of the 18th, and one year of the 19th. As he was 
five years of age before Mary (Allerton) Cushman, the last survivor of the 
Mayflower company, died, it makes him the link that connects the Pilgrims 
with the present generation. Persons are now living (1884) who recollect 
Mr Cobb." He was born March 22, 1694, was thrice married, lived 107 years, 
8 months, 6 days, and was buried in the old grave-yard at Kingston, where a 
quaint inscription is inscribed upon his tombstone. His first wife was Ruth 
Tinkham, whom he married in October, 1722. Ebenezer,'' their first child, was 
born March 4, 1724, married Jerusha Cushman in 1747, and settled in Kingston 
at Rocky Nook, where he died in 1782. His wife died in Plymouth in 1814. 
Zenas" was their fifteenth child. He was born February 2, 1772, and married 
Dorcas Rowe, April 24, 1794, in New Gloucester. The eldest son of this 
union was Zenas,'^ born July 7, 1795. For his first wife he married Charlotte, 
danghter of Jonathan Lovett Haskell, of New Gloucester, July 12, 1818, and 
settled in Poland, becoming a lumberman and farmer. Zenas Cobb and wife 
possessed that character of plain, unostentatious industry, integrity, and 
morality that is the moving force of the better elements of the American 
civilization of to-day. Whig and Republican in politics. Congregational in 
religion, their New England ideas were conveyed to their children in an 
extremely valuable education at the family fireside and among daily duties. 
Mrs Cobb was a most devoted Christian, charitable in every good work, and 
her influence was mighty in the formation of her children's character. They 
had thirteen children ; Mary Ann (married Lebbeus Stockbridge), Reuel, 
Luther D., of East Poland, Jonathan L. H., Persis (married She])herd Trickey), 
Dorcas R., William H. and Harriet (Mrs David Everett), (twins), Thomas S., 
Joseph F., Benjamin F., of East Poland. Mr Cobb died February 6, 1871, 
aged 76. Mrs Cobb died February 25, 1864, aged 70. 

Jonathan Lovett Haskell CohJ>, " son of Zenas and Charlotte (Haskell) 
Cobb, was born in Poland, Me, August 5, 1824. He had the wholesome life 
of the farm during his minority, having and applying the educational advan- 
tages of the district school, and taught six winters in Poland and Gray, making 
a good record as an instructor. In 1845 he entered a cotton manufactory at 
Saco as laborer in the dressing and weaving department, receiving 60 cents 



City of Lewiston. 431 



per day. While here, December 10, 1848, he married Abigail L. P. Morrell, 
daughter of Nathaniel and Mary (Hall) Morrell, of Poland. By attention and 
application Mr Cobb acquired valuable knowledge, and in 1850, went to 
Hadley Falls, Mass., to take charge of a weaving room in the Glasgow Mills. 
Here he remained for 18 months, established a character for assiduity and 
fidelity, and was presented with a gold watch by his employers as a token of 
their appreciation and esteem. In 1852 the Bates Mill at Lewiston was opened 
and Mr Cobb took charge of the weaving in No. 1- — the first mill built in 
Lewiston. Four years were profitably passed here, and then the life exchanged 
for a more active one. After a year as a grocer in Casco, in 1857 he returned 
to Lewiston, and became a member of the mercantile firm of Burleigh, Cobb 
& Co., with which he was connected until 1866. He then engaged in the 
manufacture of woolens in North Gray, as senior member of the firm of J. L. 
H. Cobb & Co. Li 1868 the firm built the Cumberland Mill in Lewiston, and 
Mr Cobb's energies were successfully given to its management until his retire- 
ment in 1886. His business life was crowned with success; he was untiring in 
his energy, and gained wealth. Entering early the school of experience and 
labor, Mr Cobb has had a busy, active, and useful life. The quality of his 
mind is determined and powerful, and he has ever been independent and 
decided in his action, and his large vital strength has given him physical 
endurance. He has well understood how to manage men and bring good 
results in business operations, and has filled important political positions with 
credit. Strongl}^ Republican in principle, Mr Cobb represented Lewiston in 
the legislature of 1874-5, and his senatorial district in 1878-9. He was promi- 
nent in establishing Central Maine General Hospital and is president of the 
association. His religious affiliations are with the Congregationalists; he is a 
member of the Pine Street Congregational church, and for several years deacon. 
His generosity, benevolence, and public spirit are undoubted. The establish- 
ment of Cobb Divinit}^ School in connection with Bates College sprung from 
his desire to aid those struggling to fit themselves for work in the Master's 
vineyard, and this institution will ever be a worthy monument to his memory, 
and when generation after generation shall have passed away, and this good 
year of grace become one of the dates of antiquity, may there be good and 
faithful ministers in many fields of Christian activit}^ educated within its 
walls, to demonstrate the wisdom of its founder and honor his name. 



432 History of Androscoggin County. 



CYRUS I. BARKER. 

Cyrus I. Barker comes of that strong, virile, New England stock whose 
descendants dominate the successful movements and achievements of the 
century in this country. His grandfather, Asa Barker, was one of the 
"embattled farmers" of the Revolution, and for his services as a soldier was 
granted lands in Bridgton, Me, where he developed a fine home. Here his 
grandson, Cyrus I., son of Jonathan and Catherine (Mitchell) Barker, was 
born, November 27, 1827. To his stalwart ancestry Mr Barker is indebted for 
an inheritance of physical vigor, strong mental powers, and a tenacity of 
purpose which never tires in the accomplishment of its objects. Early thrown 
upon his own resources, he demonstrated his capability for successful labor on 
farms and in a quarr}^ but his tastes were mechanical, and in 1845, when 18,- 
he commenced his long and notable connection with manufacturing at the 
lowest round of the ladder by tending a "lap alley" in the York Mills at Saco. 
His diligent attention and painstaking were rewarded by promotion through 
various grades to overseer. During the 14 years he was employed in these 
mills he became thoroughly conversant with cotton manufacturing. In 1860 
Mr Samuel M. Batchelder, treasurer of the York Mills, who had watched Mr 
Barker's progress with friendly and business interest, bought the Everett Mill 
in Lawrence, Mass., and employed him to take charge of the carding depart- 
ment. Eight sets of woolen machinery had been placed in the mill and the 
starting and oversight of these were intrusted to him. He soon familiarized 
himself with the details of woolen manufacturing, and in 1865 was appointed 
general manager for A. Campbell & Co., a firm just commencing the manu- 
facture of cotton and woolen goods in Philadelphia. In the three years that 
Mr Barker was their agent, he planned and erected a stone and brick mill, 600 
feet long, seven stories high, with 40,000 spindles. 

Early in 1868, Benjamin E. Bates induced Mr Barker to give the advan- 
tage of his skill, experience, and business energy to the development of 
manufacturing in the Bates Mills, Lewiston, and he was agent here until 
his resignation in 1887. Under his active management, life and prosperity 
permeated every department. From a plain cotton mill of 34,000 spindles, 
radical changes made a wonderful factory of various productions: cottonades, 
ginghams, dress-goods, fancy shirtings, cheviots, satin jeans, towellings, plain 
crochet and Marseilles quilts. It was not until a bleachery was established in 
the mills and special machinery for bleaching invented and patented by Mr 
Barker that the beautiful figures and patterns of the delicate Marseilles quilts 
could be preserved. This is but one instance of the many successful applica- 
tions of Mr Barker's mechanical and inventive skill, that brought the products 
of the Bates Mills to an unusually high standard. From 1883 until his 
resignation Mr Barker gave his attention to a thorough reconstruction of the 



City of Lewiston. 432 a 



Bates, which engrossed his time, and caused even his iron constitution to feel 
the need of rest, and from 1888 to 1890 he engaged in extensive travel in this 
country, Mexico, and the West Indies, to recuperate and examine opportunities 
for investment. He did this, as he does everything, most thoroughly, and 
returned to Maine with a still greater faith in its superior advantages and 
brilliant future. The Bates Mills did not, however, monopolize Mr Barker's 
energies. In 1870, lie, in company with J. H. Roak, John Cook, J. P. Gill, and 
John R. Pulsifer, formed the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company, and 
paid 140,000 for 300 acres (mostly woodland) in Auburn (see page 648). Mr 
Barker was chosen president, and at once commenced operations to build a 
mill. The forest was cleared off, a dam 27 feet high built across the river, 
a canal blasted out of solid rock, and a mill, 300x50 feet, with four stories, 
completed in 1873. As a compliment to the vigor, industry, and rapidity 
infused into the work by Mr Barker's personality, the directors voted that the 
mill should be named the Barker Mill, and he was continued as president until 
1879. Later, in connection with E. F. Packard, he built the Avon Mill in 
Lewiston, of which he has since been president. (This is the third largest 
quilt mill in the country.) He was an organizer and an original member of the 
New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, and was on the board of 
managers for several terms. When the Lewiston Machine Co. was re-organized, 
nearly 20 years ago, Mr Barker was made president and now occupies that posi- 
tion; much of the success of that profitable corporation is due to his executive 
ability. In 1887, with T. E. Eustis, F. H. Packard, A. D. Barker, and Ansel 
Briggs, Mr Barker formed the Washburn Chair Co. In 1890 he was instru- 
mental in forming the Lewiston Mill Co., was made its president and agent, 
and his attention is now given to its business. About -1100,000 was paid for 
new machinery the first year, and the capacity of the plant nearly doubled. 

From his first residence in Lewiston he has been an acknowledged leader 
in financial affairs. He was a corporator of the People's Savings Bank, has 
been a trustee from the first, and its president for the past ten years. He was 
a corporator and an original director of the Manufacturers' National Bank, and 
its vice-president for several years. In connection with other officers of the 
bank, he was instrumental in securing the permanent location of the State 
Fair grounds in Lewiston. His interest in all movements to add to the 
business importance of Lewiston caused him to be elected president of its 
Board of Trade in 1886, and re-elected annually. He has been a vice-president 
of the State Board of Trade from its organization. As a Republican he has 
served in both branches of the city government, was on the first board of 
water commissioners, and one of the board during the construction of the 
water works. He was one of the commissioners to superintend the building 
of the first city building. Mr Barker has been a Universalist from early life, 
and is one of the trustees of Maine Universalist Convention. In 1850 he 



432 b History of Androscoggin County. 

joined Saco Lodge, T. O. O. F., where he passed the chairs, and retains his 
membership, and in 1852 joined Saco Lodge, F. & A. M., where he is a member. 
Mr Barker married, August 11, 1848, Almira B., daughter of Daniel Jewett, of 
Denmark. Children: Alvarado D. (who married Georgia Sanderson, a native 
of Oxford county, and has one child, Grace), and Sarah Ida (who married 
F. H. Packard; they have a son, Cyrus F.). Mrs Barker died August 24, 
1886, and August 15, 1888, Mr Barker married Mrs Mary B. (Kilgore) Sprague, 
a lady of practical abilit3% under whose personal supervision Mr Barker built 
one of the handsomest and most convenient residences in Lewiston, over which 
she presides with pleasing grace. Mr Barker has acquired more than a 
competency by his own unaided efforts, and recalls with satisfaction the 
patient industry and persevering energy by which he has risen from a humble 
position to one of eminent success. Of strong will and positive nature, he 
places his individuality upon everything he undertakes, and is and will be for 
years a prominetit landmark in the business and financial life of Androscoggin 
county. 

HON. WILLIAM D. PENNELL. 

The Pennell Family is an ancient Cornish one. In "Camden's Remains" 
is found this couplet: 

By Tre, Ros, Pol, Lan, Caer and Pen 
You may know the most Cornish men. 

The family has been and is of importance in Great Britain, and no less than 
three coats of arms are borne by its members. One has as a crest "an arm in 
armor, couped at the shoulder, embowed and resting the elbow on the wreatli 
holding a scimetar all ppr ; " another has "a griffin sejant," and the other "an 
ostrich's head couped." " Walford's County Families, a Royal Manual of the 
Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland," gives as the latest knighted repre- 
sentative of the English family, Sir Charles Pennell, formerly chief clerk of 
the Admiralty, Whitehall, who was knighted in 1867. He was son of William 
Pennell, Esq., long time Her Majesty's consul-general to the Brazils. The first 
American ancestor of the family, according to Savage, was Walter Pennell, who 
was made a freeman of Saco in 1653. The name is now well represented in 
Maine, and particularly so in Cumberland county. 

Hon. WiUiam Dwujht PenneU., son of Richard C. and Cornelia (Barnes) 
Pennell, was born in Portland, May 20, 1847, and, until the removal of his 
parents to Lewiston, May 20, 1863, he was an industrious student in the schools 
of that city. His active life has been passed in and devoted to the moral, 
educational, and business progress of Lewiston. He commenced his labors in 
June, 1863, as a bobbin boy in the Porter (later Continental) Mill under Mr 
Rhodes A. Budlong, who watched him carefully and attentively, and as he saw 





^.^^-^g^^-^-ti-^^^ 



City of Lewiston. 432 c 



that he was more than ordinarily industrious, painstaking, and methodical, 
never leaving anything intrusted to him neglected or unprovided for, he 
advanced him through various departments in which energy, honesty, and 
close attention to the interests of his employers marked his progress, and 
evinced his ability to successfully fill higher positions. After leaving the 
Porter Mill he served three years as a draughtsman in the office of the Franklin 
Company with Hon. A. D. Lockwood, and in 1869 was appointed paymaster 
at the Lincoln Mill. In November, 1872, he was appointed superintendent 
and such favor did his administration of affairs find in the minds of the com- 
pany, that in November, 1879, Mr Pennell was selected as agent, and retained 
the office until his appointment in September, 1886, as manager of the Franklin 
Company. He was later made, in addition, manager of the Union Water- 
Power Company. In this latter capacity, especially in connection with the 
Franklin Company and its properties on lands about Lewiston and Auburn, 
Mr Pennell manifested a very progressive and liberal spirit, and under his 
management the company steadily grew in popularity, and many improvements 
were made and new building sites opened to the public both in Lewiston and 
Auburn. After this flattering success he resigned these positions February, 
1890, to accept that of agent of the Hill Manufacturing Co. on the resignation 
of Josiah G. Coburn, after 36 years of careful management. Mr Pennell was 
well equipped in technical skill, business training, and intellectual strength for 
this responsibility, and occupies a high position among the manufacturers and 
in the esteem of the people. 

As an active Republican he has been prominent in politics since becoming 
a voter. Bringing the industry, accuracy and system of his business methods 
into the political field he made himself master of the presented situations, and 
became an authority whose opinion carried weight. He has been a frequent 
delegate to conventions, chairman of city, county and district committees, has 
always been in sympathy with the advanced element of his party, and by his 
zeal and fertility in resource has been a valuable worker in party lines. He 
was city auditor in 1870-71 ; in 1874 a member of the common council; in 
1875-1876-1877 President of the Board of Aldermen ; January 15, 1878, the 
order which provided for the construction of the Lewiston water-works was 
introduced by him. In 1880, he was elected water commissioner for six years, 
and re-elected in 1886 for an additional term of six years. He was twice 
chairman of the board. His services in these offices were so efficient that he 
was elected in 1881 to fill the legislative vacancy caused by the death of Hon. 
I. N. Parker, and in 1888,1884, and 1885 he was a member of the state senate. 
In 1883, he introduced and carried through an act prohibiting the sale of the 
deadly toy pistol, that occasioned so many deaths among boys, and his interest 
in this matter was earnestly approved by all the newspapers. The senate of 
1885 was one of more than usual ability, with many members experienced in 



432 d History of Androscoggin County. 

legislation, keen debaters, sound thinkers, and earnest men, and it was compli- 
mentary indeed to Mr Pennell that although the youngest member of the 
senate, with one exception, he was chosen its president, receiving every vote in 
that body. How he discharged his duties can best be learned from his asso- 
ciates. Mr Libby of Orono, in introducing a resolution thanking Mr Pennell 
for "the dignity, ability, entire impartiality which has characterized his official 
intercourse with the members," said: "The uniform kindness and courtesy of 
our president has endeared him to each and all of us." Mr Lebroke of Fox- 
croft, in speaking on the resolution, said: "In our work we have been aided 
largely by the president, whose ever ready perspicuity was equal to any and 
every emergency, one whose rulings have been entirely impartial, one to whom 
we have always looked with faith and confidence and not with disappointment, 
for direction in all our multifarious duties. Our work has undoubtedly been 
not only facilitated, but largely expedited by the manner in which this body 
has been presided over during the present session. I must say that he has 
done honor to himself and a good service to the state, for which we who know 
of his important labors in this branch feel highly grateful to him and for which 
the state is indebted to his great abilities." The Bangor Commercial., an oppo- 
sition paper, said: "Mr Pennell is a very pleasant gentleman, 38 years of age. 
He is self-made, cultured, and has rare conversational powers. He has a mild 
and pleasant eye, an intelligent and very winsome countenance, a full and well- 
rounded forehead indicating a large and well-developed brain, and sufficiently 
strong melodious voice. His speech and accent are a pure New England 
vernacular. His suavity seems prompted by a kind and genial heart. While 
differing from him radically on some points we are glad the corporation 
interests are represented by so good and worthy a gentleman." The Portland 
Argus., Democratic, said: " Political friends and enemies must speak alike that 
Mr Pennell is a very honorable, able, and vigorous gentleman, well worthy of 
the honors repeatedly bestowed upon him." Mr Pennell's sympathies and vote 
have always been on the side of temperance and in favor of good law. While 
President of the Senate he was called upon to give the decisive vote on the 
question of referring the amendments to the prohibitory law to the next legis- 
lature. Without a moment's hesitation there was a clear and strong "No." 
His action was so decided that the Somerset Reporter said: "Every temperance 
oiganization in the state should give President Pennell a vote of thanks." 
Rev. C. D. Crane of New Castle said while addressing the General Conference 
of Congregationalists in Lewiston, June 18, 1885 : " All honor to the president ! 
It was not the first time when, in a critical moment in the history of Maine, a 
Congregationalist in the state house at Augusta proved to be the right man in 
the right place." Mr Pennell was on the committee, organized in 1884, that 
arranged for the Legislative Reunion held at the state house in Augusta in 
January, 1886, his fellow members being J. Manchester Haynes of Augusta, 



City of Lewiston. 432 e 



Wm G. Davis of Portland, Wm H. Strickland of Bangor, and Fred Atvvood 
of Winterport, and much of the success attending it was awarded to him. 

Mr Pennell has done good service in other circles of activity and useful- 
ness. He is a trustee of the Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association; 
has been identified with the State Agricultural Society as an officer ; was for ten 
3^ears trustee of the Androscoggin County Agricultural Society; and the con- 
spicuous success of the Centennial celebration of Lewiston and Auburn in 
1876 was largely due to his management. He has been for nearly a quarter of 
a century a member of the Pine Street Congregational church, is chairman of 
the Prudential Committee of the [)arish, and a participant in the various activi- 
ties of the church and parish, and in Y. M. C. A. work. He has been a Free 
Mason since 1874, and has taken thirty-two Masonic degrees. The steady 
upward progress of Mr Pennell from bobbin boy to a leading manufacturer and 
high political honors shows what can be accom[)lished by brains and industry 
dominated b}^ integrity and uprightness. 

Mr Pennell married June 22, 1869, Jennie A., daughter of Wingate and 
Eliza W. (Foss) Linscott. Mr Linscott, a native of Chesterville, became a 
resident of Boston, where Mrs Pennell was born. Both Mr and Mrs Pennell 
take high rank in social circles. Three children enliven their home circle : 
Dwight R,, Fannie C, and Maude Robie. 

ARCHIE LEE TALBOT. 

Archie Lee Talbot is of English ancestry. Ambrose Talbot, his great-great- 
grandfather, came to America with his parents and lived in Dorchester, Mass., 
afterwards settled in Freeport, Me, whei'e he residetl until his death. His farm 
has never passed from the family, and is owned and occupied by the fifth 
generation. He was deacon of the Congregational church 40 years. His son,. 
Asa Talbot, removed to Turner, Wilton, and finally to Avon, where he built 
the first frame house on the "Mile Square," where he died, aged 79, in 1849. 
He took great interest in the meeting held by Rev. Jesse Lee and became a 
Methodist. Archibald, son of Asa, removed to Phillips and finally to Wilton, 
where he died in 1873, aged 74. He was a Methodist class leader and local 
preacher, and was chaplain of Maine (Farmington) Lodge of Masons for many 
years. He was county commissioner for Fi'anklin county and a trustee of the 
State Insane Asylum. Charles J. Talbot, son of Archibald, was a farmer and 
a member of the bar. He was president of the Temperance and Antislavery 
State Convention held at Portland, June 7, 1854, which nominated Hon. Anson 
P. Morrill for governor, the first Re[)ublican governor of Maine. He was a 
member of that memorable convention at Strong, August 7, 1854, composed of 
Whigs, Free-soilers, and Temperance Antislavery Democrats, who adopted the 
name of Republican. This was the birth of the Republican party in the 



432 f History of Androscoggin County. 



United States, and was the first delegate convention to assume that name. He 
was made a member of the State Central Committee and held that position 
several years. He was commissioned by President Lincoln surveyor of the 
port of Portland, and held that position during President Lincoln's adminis- 
tration. He was commissioned collector of internal revenue by President 
Grant, and was in ofifice until the consolidation of districts. He was a railroad 
commissioner six years, and was often prominently mentioned as a candidate 
for congress, but always espoused the candidacy of others in the interest of 
harmony and united action. When 19 he became a Methodist. He died at 
his home in Wilton, March 10, 1884, aged 63, and was buried with Masonic 
honors. 

Archie Lee Talbot, eldest son of Charles J. and Delphinia S. Talbot (she 
was daughter of Asa Robbins, who was 21 years selectman and town clerk of 
Phillips), was born in Phillips, September 14, 1846, and lived on his father's 
farm until 21. He received his education in the district and high schools, 
Wilton Academy and Maine Wesleyan Seminary. Upon leaving school he 
became an insurance agent. In 1870 he was appointed deputy collector of 
internal revenue, and in 1877 was re-appointcd by Collector Rollins, with head- 
quarters at Lewiston. He held that office for seven years, until the office was 
consolidated with headquarters at Augusta. Mr Talbot discharged the duties 
of this difficult and important position with ability and fidelity, often receiving 
the commendation and approval of the inspecting officers. He then engaged 
as a life and fire insurance agent, and in 1887 acce[>ted the position of general 
agent for Maine for tlie Provident Life and Trust Com[)any of Philadelphia, 
Pa, in which business he is now engaged. Mr Talbot has lived in Lewiston 
since 1877. In 1883 he was elected a member of the board of- aldermen, from 
ward seven, and re-elected in 1884, serving as chairman of important com- 
mittees. In 1886 he was elected a member of the school board, re-elected in 
1888, and 1890. He is a member of leading committees, and is now chairman 
of the committee on teachers and instruction. Mr Talbot is a member of 
Ashlar Lodge, F. & A. M. He early became interested in this ancient frater- 
nity, and was initiated when 21 years old, has taken the degrees of the York 
and Scottish rites to and including the 32°, and has passed the chairs in lodge, 
chapter, and council. In 1878 and 1879 he was District Deputy Grand Master 
of the 15th Masonic District. In 1880 he was elected Junior Grand Warden 
of the Grand Lodge. He is also a permanent member of the Grand Royal 
Arch Chapter, and Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters. In 1882 he 
was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the Charity Fund of the 
Grand Lodge for three years, re-elected in 1885, in 1888, and in 1891. Mr 
Talbot is a member of the Congregational church, and is ever ready to aid in 
the cause of every good work. 



Town of Lisbon. 433 



LISBON. 

By Asa P. Moore, Esq. 



CHAPTER XXL 

Early Roiuidiiries — Petitions— Town of Bowdoin — Incorporation of Thouipsonborough— 
Situation, Limits, and Formation — Surface and Soil — Description — Old Houses — Educa- 
tion— Occupation of First Settlers- Early History— Other Settlers and Descendants— Early 
Mills — War of 1812 — Physicians — First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough — School 
Districts — Extracts from Town Records — Action in the Civil War^Civil List. 

WEST BOWDOINIIAM plantation, wliicli included Lisbon and Webster, 
extended from the westerly boundary of Bovvdoinliam, west to the 
line of division of the Plymouth Company and Pejepscot Proprietors, 
about nine miles; and from the northerly boundary of To[)sham and Little 
River north to the southerly boundary of Wales and Litchfield, about 10 
miles, and had an area of nearly 00 square miles. Li 1782 the settlers 
petitioned for incorporation. This petition not being granted, was followed 
by others, until incorporation was obtained, in 1788. The town of Bowdoin 
held its first meeting April 15, 1788, at the dwelling of Prince Rose. Samuel 
Tebbetts was moderator; Benjamin Jaques, clerk; Humphrey Purrington, 
Samuel Tebbetts, Ebenezer Temi)le, selectmen ; James Rogers, Jesse Davies, 
Jonathan Williams, Nathaniel Jellerson, David Porter, Timothy Higgins, and 
John Hewey, highway surveyors. The first mention of a school is in 1791, 
when three classes (districts) were established, and forty [)ounds voted for 
schools. Li 179(> the town voted " to support the gospel agreeably to law in the 
Baptist order," 26 voting for the Baptists to eight for the Congregational. In 
1797, ff^GOO was voted to build two meeting-houses, which, if commenced, were 
never completed. In 1798 it was voted that Samuel Tebbetts, Thomas Ham, 
and Joseph Kilgore, send a petition to the general court for the division of the 
town. May 21, 1799, "voted that the bridge at Jordan Mills be built," and 
Abel Nutting named to superintend the building. 

Tltompaonhnrougli. — In accordance with a vote of the town of Bowdoin, 
the act of incorporation of Thompsonborough was passed June 22, 1799. 
The name was given in honor of General Samuel Thompson, of Brunswick, a 
son of James Thompson, who, as colonel of a body of volunteers, made 
prisoners of several British oflicers at Falmouth, in 1775. The Thompson 
family were large owners of land in Little River plantation, but something did 
not please the majority of the voters in General Thompson's views or actions, 



434 History of Androscoggin County. 



and specifying the length of name as a reason, an act was obtained to change 
the name to Lisbon, February 22, 1802. The boundaries of Thompsonborough 
were : " Beginning at the northwest corner of the town of Topsham at Little 
River, and running up said Little River about one mile, to what is called 
Bowdoin's road, then running westward on said road about eight or ten rods, 
to a large pine tree marked with the letter Q, it being the southeast corner of 
what is called Whittemore's Lot, and thence running north northeast to the 
north line of said town, said line being about a center line of the said town 
of Bowdoin." Ezekiel Thompson, of Little River, a brother of General 
Thompson, was authorized to call the first meeting. 

Sitvation, Limits, mid Formation. — Lisbon is on the east side of Andros- 
coggin river, in the eastern corner of the county ; distant thirty miles 
northeasterly from Portland, and thirty southwesterly from Augusta. Thomp- 
sonborough was so named in honor of the Thompson famil}'-, who were large 
owners of land in Little River Plantation, adjoining Thompsonborough and 
Bowdoin. Little River Plantation, now called Lisbon Falls, was a part of the 
Pejepscot purchase, being a gore between Little Androscoggin and Sabattus 
rivers, adjoining the old town on its southern extremity, and was annexed to 
Lisbon (after considerable opposition) March 4, 1808. In 1840 Webster was 
set off from the northern part. The soil and surface are admirably adapted to 
agriculture, and the town contains more than an average share of arable land, 
the soil being so diversified as to afford farmers an opportunity to successfully 
cultivate all crops incident to the latitude. The intervals are fertile and 
productive, and no town in the state shows better or larger crops of corn or 
grain ; while other portions are better suited for the raising of hay and grazing 
purposes. Some portions are broken, but there are no abrupt hills or worthless 
swamps. The streams are numerous, affording abundant supplies of water. 
The territory was covered with a dense growth of pine, hemlock, and hard 
wood. The forests were stocked with game, and the rivers furnished a bountiful 
supply of fish, rendering it a noted resort for the Indians, who had a village on 
the level land, situated at the point where the Sabattus empties into the 
Androscoggin. The Indians called the falls where Worumbo Mill now stands 
Anmeca7Uf'm, signifying much fish. There are three villages: Lisbon, one mile 
northwesterly from the geographical center, which is near Farnsworth Mill; 
Lisbon Falls, two and one-half miles southerly from the center, at the southern 
extremity of the town; and a small village at Lisbon Center. Some of the 
oldest houses now standing in town are : the house owned by John G. Tebbets, 
now situated about one mile from Lisbon village, on the road leading to South 
West Bend Ferry ; it was built by Gideon Curtis, near the office of the 
Farwell Mills; the house now occu})ied by Widow Mary Frost, on the east 
side of Farwell street, opposite J. M. Corbett's house (it first stood on the hill 
above Samuel Moody's and was occupied by Abel Curtis) ; the house now 



Town of Lisbon. 435 



occupied as a boarding-house by Farvvell Mills ; this house was built and 
occupied by Mayall and afterwards by Corbett, who added a story to the old 
house, which was one story. 

Education. — -The early inhabitants appreciated education and were liberal 
for the times in their appropriations for it. Among the first teachers were Miss 
Cox, of Topsham, who probably taught here several years, Nathaniel Eames, 
Esq., Nathaniel Harmon, and John Ham. The town voted in 1871 to abolish 
the district system; there are now no organized school districts, although they 
retain their old numbers and generall}^ their old limits. (By the new method 
the town has control of all school-houses and property, and all teachers are 
employed under the direction of a supervisor chosen by the town, and the 
terms of schools are of equal length in all parts of the town.) The school- 
houses are in good repair and most of them new, erected and furnished in a 
manner suited to the spirit of the times. The town owns seven village school- 
houses, valued at 'flG,000, and nine rural school-houses, valued at -$5,000. 
The school year is 30 weeks. Two free high schools, three grammar, tliree 
intermediate, six primary, and seven rural schools are maintained, and the 
attendance in 1890 was 800; 385 males and 415 females. |2,000 were raised 
for the support of common schools; $250 for free high school; -fTOO for school 
books; i»400 for repairs on school-houses ; $400 for fuel ; fHOO for building one 
new school-house. The town received from the state in 1890, $2,014.10 for 
common schools, and $250 for free high schools, and from the Farwell 
Mills $100. 

The Thompsons. — Jonathan Bagley, of Amesbury, and Moses Little, of 
Newbury, pursuant to vote of Pejepscot proprietors, conveyed July 4, 1780, to 
Samuel Thompson for £50 all land from Little river to Sabattus river, and 
northerly to the divisional line between said Pejepscot proprietors and Ken- 
nebec proprietors; this was the gore of land known as Little River plantation, 
annexed to Lisbon in 1808. 

Ezehid Tho)npmii came here in 1798, having purchased 350 acres at Little 
River, of Samuel, his brother. He was a leading man ; was postmaster, and 
collector of U. S. revenue, during the war of 1812. The writer has the license 
granted by him to Paul C. Tebbets, Esq., in 1813, to carry on trade at Lisbon. 
Ezekiel Thompson was born in Brunswick at New Meadows in 1757, was son 
of Captain James Thompson, who was born in Ivittery in 1707. James had 
three wives and nine sons and nine daughters; he died at Topsham in 1791; 
Captain James was son of James Thompson, born in Old York; and James 
was the son of James Thompson, born in Ireland. Lydia Thompson, second 
wife of Captain James Thompson, and mother of Ezekiel, was daughter of 
Benjamin Brown, of Ipswich. Ezekiel married in 1781 Priscilla, daughter of 
Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, son of Deacon Humphrey Purinton, who lived in 
Georgetown, now Bath, near the turnpike and New Meadows river. Humphrey 



436 History of Androscoggin County. 



was born in Truro, Cape Cod, and died in Gorham, Mass. Priscilla, the wife 
of Nathaniel Purinton, was daughter of Thomas Woodbury, of Cape Elizabeth, 
formerly from Beverly, Mass. Samuel Thompson (the brigadier) married a 
sister of Colonel Nathaniel Purinton. The children of Ezekiel were: Lydia, 
born 1783; Reliance, born 1785, who married a Tebbets; Charles, born 1780, 
was a wealthy merchant and ship-owner of Topsham; Priscilla, born 1792, 
married Paul C. Tebbets, Esq., father of John G. Tebbets; John Holman, 
born 1795, for many years register of deeds at Topsham ; Hezekiah, born 1798, 
and Joanna, born 1803. She informed me that her first teacher was a Mr 
Donahue, and her first female teacher was Mrs Mary Grant, who taught in 
private houses, and, at one time, in a barn ; when they hauled in hay, the 
school was moved from the barn-floor into a stall. 

Occupation of First Settlers, Mills, etc. — The inhabitants paid little atten- 
tion to farming, but devoted their time to lumbering, as the township was 
covered with a superior pine, and was a part of the great pine nursery in this 
section of the state. Saw-mills were erected on the Sabattus, at Robinson's 
Corner (now known as Bryant's privilege), at Lisbon Factory, and at Farns- 
worth's, a mile below. At Little River, on the Androscoggin, were at one 
time, from 1790 to 1800, six large saw-mills, a corn and grist-mill, and a 
carding-mill. The lumber sawed at these mills was conveyed by teams 
to Topsham and Cathance. The business men, the Whitings, Godfreys, 
Jordans, and otliers, were renowned for their enterprise and energy. They 
were fast reaping the reward of their labors, when the French troubles of 
1800, the embargo and War of 1812 following in succession, obliged them to 
relinquish business, and the result was a prostration of the business com- 
munity, and the dispersion to other parts of the men who had been so active. 

First Settlers. — The ])robable first settler was one White, who lived in a 
log hut on the road to Webster Corner, on the Elder Lewis farm, and after- 
wards purchased White's Hill. Then Russell Hinkley, a short distance beyond 
White, and Joseph Hinkley near by. Joseph's buildings were destroyed by 
fire in 1805, when he moved down to the spot where Charles Davis now lives, 
and finally located on the place now occupied by Charles Smith. He had 
several children of whom Jesse staid on the old place, built the brick house 
now standing, soon after sold and removed to this corner. Russell Hinkley 
probably built the first house, Joseph the second. 

Major John Rowe came about 1817, and lived on Rowe's Hill, and died in 
1822. He was sergeant-major in the Revolution, and received a commission as 
major in 1799 and 1800 during the French trouble, in which he was noted for 
his patriotism and zeal as evinced by his successful efforts in raising a regiment 
for the defense of the country. He married Charlotte Green, of Portland, 
a milliner who was somewhat famous for her personal charms and varied 
accomplishments. The major was brave, patriotic, and warmly devoted to the 



Town of Lisbon. 437 



interests of his country. He was a gentleman of good attainments, well- 
educated, of fine and commanding personal appearance, a wooer of the gentle 
Muse, and inclined to consider Bacchus and Venus entitled to share his 
devotions with Mars. lie and his wife were very social, lived in fine style, 
entertaining with ease, and fond of company. The writer has a diary kept 
during the Revolution, his orderly book, and MSS. of original and selected 
poetry, toasts, and sentiments. He also has a choice set of old china ware, and 
Albert C. Neal, Esq., a set of decanters and glasses used on festive occasions 
at liis hospitable board (whicli were of frequent occurrence, and famed for 
style and luxury). After his death his wife removed to Portland and engaged 
in her former business, but came back to Lisbon and resided until her death in 
1848. They had no children. She and her sister were attached to the ways 
and fashions of earlier life, and are remembered for their peculiarities of dress, 
stateliness of manner, and various accomplishments. Cliarlotte was possessed 
of fine musical taste, and often entertained her youthful visitors by performing 
for them on the guitar, which she played with ease and grace. 

Jolin Smullen came from the Parisli of Raphos, Donegal county, L'eland, 
and port of Londonderry, in 1784. He belonged to a Protestant family whose 
ancestors were Hollanders, who came to L-eland in the army of the Prince of 
Orange. When 10 years of age, John visited relations in Pennsylvania, and 
finding that some of the family lived in Maine, came to see them, married one 
and took up a farm in Lisbon and remained until his death in 1825. Mr 
Smullen was one of the selectmen in 1801, and for several years after. Two 
sons, Joseph D. and Samuel, and tliree daughters, Margaret, Jane, and Mary 
survived. Joseph had a daughter who married B. R. Potter, of Bowdoin, and 
now lives on a part of the original farm which was divided between Joseph 
and Samuel; also a son, John, who lives in California. Samuel left one son, 
Samuel E., who lives at Lisbon Falls, and two daughters, Mehitable, Avho 
married Isaac L. Doughty, of Topsham, and resides on a part of the old farm, 
and Margaret, who married S. P. C. Prince, of Brunswick, and now lives in 
Webster. Marijaret married James Hewey, had three children, Robert, Mary 
S., and Andrew C. Mary is now living at Bath. Andrew C. Hewey was 
well known in Sagadahoc county, having been clerk of courts from 185G until 
the War of the Rebellion, where he was paymaster in the Army of the 
Potomac. At the close of the war he entered into the practice of law at 
Bath; a son, James E. Hewey, is now clerk of courts in York county. Jane 
married Samuel Baker, of Lisbon, had one son, John S. Baker, a prominent 
lawyer in Sagadahoc county for thirty years. She was left a widow and mar- 
ried Jonathan Davis of Webster. Mary married William Starbird and lived 
at Sabattusville until 1840, when they moved to Bath. 

Thomas Roberts, a joiner, came here from Somersworth, N. H., in 1800 ; he 
lived in a house which stood opposite Berry's tan-yard till 1819, when he 



438 History of Androscoggin County. 



removed to the factory. He built the old tavern stand at Little River for John 
Raymond in 1804 or 1805; was a deputy sheriff for some years. His son 
Thomas was born and always resided in Lisbon. He was a connecting link 
between the past and present generation, his memory being exceedingly good, 
and his knowledge of men and times extensive. He died in 1878. Ahijah 
Metcalf sewed under John Paul Jones during the Revolution ; abandoning the 
sea he came to Brunswick and thence to Higgins's Corner in Lisbon, where he 
took up and cleared the farm now occupied by the Widow Higgins. He was 
in town as early as 1787. Adoniram Sinclair, an early settler, came from 
Kennebunk. John Woothvard ea^vae ivom Massachusetts; married a daughter 
of Hodgkins, who took up the farm now occupied by Nathaniel Bard. 
Descendants of Woodward now reside in the neighborhood. Stepheyi and 
Jdcoh Wliittemore, brothers, came from Bowdoin in 1786; they lived in the 
house now occupied by Sylvanus Small. John, son of Stephen, was born in 
Lisbon, February 22, 1798. He taught school 20 winters in Lisbon and 
adjoining towns. He was a member of the school committee, selectman, and 
justice of the peace for many years. He was a member of the second Free 
Baptist church in Lisbon 41 years, and deacon 10 years. He died in 1871>. 
His son Albert enlisted in the Union army from the West, and died in service. 
Calvin Coiven was in town when Smullen came. He came from Bruns- 
wick ; was a soldier in the Revolution ; married a sister of Hezekiah Coombs, 
and settled on the farms now owned by Moses Sawyer and Mr Healy. 
Charles Smith settled on the farm now owned by Winter Marr. Smith sold to 
Stevens, who sold to Joseph, son of Hezekiah Coombs, who sold to his son 
John H., who sold to Marr. Greorge San)yer came from Dover, N. H., was in 
the Revolution, settled on a farm near Southwest Bend, and married Hannah, 
daughter of John Dain who came from Connecticut ; he settled on the Wagg 
farm near the river, and married Elizabeth Proctor. William Dain settled on an 
adjoining farm, and married Mary Wagg. Joseph Thompson came from Fal- 
mouth; married Kerinhapock Proctor, and settled near Lewiston line. William, 
his brother, married Annie Duval, of Falmouth, and settled on the Bend 
Island. Boswell settled east from George Sawyer, near where the Bend Ferry 
is now located ; he died early, and his farm passed into the hands of McGray. 
Daniel Green took up and cleared the farm next below Boswell's; he went into 
the Revolution when IG years of age. His father settled on the farm next 
below (afterwards occupied by his son William). He was born in England. 
Coming to America he served in the French and Indian wars, also tlie 
Revolution; he married Jane Dustin. William, his son, married Hannah 
Blethen. David Crreen, brother of Daniel and William, settled on the farm 
next below John Blethen ; he married a Blaisdell. William Neal lived next 
below Daniel Green ; he came from North Berwick, and married Mehitable 
Kilgore. He was a man of considerable influence and held various offices. 



Town of Lisbon. 439 



Henry Moulton, next below Neal's, came from Falmouth. Merrill, next below 
Moulton's, was from New Gloucester. He bought of Hezekiah Wyraan the 
farm now owned and occupied by John Ham. Mev. D. Pierce, next below 
Merrill, was a Calvinist Baptist clergyman, came from Durham ; married 
Abigail Additon ; moved to Greene, where he died. Simon Johnson, next 
below Pierce, came from Harpswell, and married a daughter of Samuel Wilson, 
wlio settled next below Johnson ; his farm was afterwards owned by Daniel 
Johnson, a brother of Simon. Daniel married a Holbrook, daughter of 
Wilson's second wife. Isaac Wliitney settled next below; he was a son of 
Benjamin. Alexander Sutherland came next below ; his farm was afterwards 
occupied by his son Benjamin, who married a Whitney. James W. Purinton 
came from Topsham ; built a tannery, and afterwards sold to Edward Berry. 
Increase Blethen, second son of John, took up the farm now owned by Rev. J. 
P. Redlon. He married the Widow Malcolm. John, Increase, and James 
Blethen came from England. Increase settled in Phillips, James at Cape 
Elizabeth, and John, the father of Increase, settled on the farm now occupied 
by Charles Hartshorn. John Blethen had three wives, and 27 children by the 
first two. Eldridge G. Blethen is a great-grandson of John. 

John Dean established the first ferry at Southwest Bend, in 1799, above the 
Bend Island. In 1810 a ferry was running below the island, and both were in 
operation until 1817, when a bridge was built. In April, 1819, a portion of 
the bridge was carried away. The bridge was rebuilt the same season, in 1810 
was again carried away and has not been rebuilt; the river is now crossed by 
ferry. 

Benjaynin Wliitney owned the farms now owned by the Bibber heirs 
and a portion of the Hewey farm. He came from New Meadows, married 
Nancy Hinkley, was part owner in the first grist-mill at Little River, and was 
the miller. He died in 1799. His sons were Abram, Isaac, Jacob, Nathan, 
Benjamin, Joseph, and Samuel. Two were in the Revolution. Abram was 
one of the foremost business men of his day. Isaac lived at the foot of 
Rowe's Hill, Nathan where Addison Metcalf lives. Samuel was father of 
Jacob, who died in 1889 at Lisbon, age 85, John, and Samuel L. William 
Bifcknam came from Falmouth, Me, about 1798, and settled on the farm now 
occupied by his grandsons, Nathan and George Bucknam. William Bickford 
came from Cape Elizabeth to Lewiston about 1798. Subsequently he settled 
where Captain Thomas Jordan now lives. He had a family of seven children ; 
two of the daughters are still living. His sons, William, John, Aaron, and 
James, settled in Lewiston. William came to Lisbon, where he died. Aaron 
lived on the old homestead where he died April 6, 1863. Seth H., his son, is 
now living in Lisbon, on the Patrick Irish farm. Mrs Mary Groody came from 
Cape Ann to Lewiston about 1799, and settled on the farm formerly known as 
the Hart farm, where she died in 1828. But one child, an only son, came with 



440 History of Androscoggin County. 



her, and he lives in Lisbon, on the White lot. True Woodhnry came first to 
Durham, but settled in Danville. He had a son, Benjamin, who moved 
to New Gloucester. His son, John P., settled in Lisbon on the James Jordan 
farm near the Lewiston line. Winter Marr, father of Edward, was born in 
Webster in 1814. He moved to Lisbon in 1847, and carried on farming and 
brick-making until his death in 1889. He was a member of the Free Will 
Baptist church, and was always an advocate of temperance. 

Samuel NicJioh first came to Durham towards the close of the last century, 
and took up a farm near Southwest Bend. He had a family of six sons and 
four daughters; the sons were Thomas, William, James, John, Lemuel, and 
Samuel. Of these, Thomas settled in Durham near New Gloucester line, 
and had a family of 10 children, Betsey, Enos, Sally, Margaret, llebecca, 
Thomas, David, John, Mary Jane, and Benjamin. Betsey married Samuel 
McGray, August 9, 1795, and settled in Durham on the place now occupied 
by Widow Jones near Southwest Bend ; from thence they removed to Lisbon 
and settled near Captain McGray 's ferry. He died March 19, 1872, and his 
wife, March 28, 1872. Blrhird Doan moved from Portland, Me, to Durham, 
1798, and took up the farm now owned by George Estes, near Methodist 
Corner. Mr Doan had a family of 10 children, Joanna, Sarah C, John K., 
Mary L., Nancy, Olive S., William, Margaret A., Harriet M., and Lucy Ann. 
Harriet M. married Joseph Nichols. Eplirdim Jordan came from Cape Eliza- 
beth in 1787, and took up the farm in Webster now occupied by Charles E. 
Garcelon. He lived here until his death, December 11, 1846. He reared 
seven children. His son, Thomas, lives on the Foss farm. Henry Jordan 
came from Webster about 1825, and settled on the farm now in possession of 
his son, Isaiah L. 

Thomas Grodfrey and Ahraliam Wliitney purchased tracts of land from 
Samuel Thompson, and were probably among the first settlers at Little River. 
Thomas Godfrey lived on the John Douglass place. He was father of John 
Godfrey, who went to Topsham and became a prominent ship-builder. Abra- 
ham Whitney was one of several brothers, of whom Isaac, Nathan, and Samuel 
settled here. He lived next above the old post-office, and was an active and 
prominent business man in his day. He raised a large family, of whom 
Benjamin lived and died at Little River, leaving two daughters now living 
here, Priscilla VV., wife of Niah Gould, and Octavia T., wife of Albert C. Neal, 
Esq. Abraham, Jr, lived and died at Lisbon, leaving a daughter in Durham, 
the wife of Emery S. Warren, Esq. Among the active business men, from 
1790 to 1810, at Little River, were Samuel Tilton, who lived near John 
Cornish; Jabez B. Fletcher, near William K. Corning; Merrell Jordan; 
Ebenezer Fellows lived near John Douglass ; Joseph Langden, near railroad 
crossing; William Wise, who married Thankful, a daughter of Samuel 
Thompson. These were active business men, and after the general prostration 



Town of Lisbon. 441 



of business, left here. Hezekiah Coombs came to Little River about 1785. He 
was a soldier in the Revolution. His son, William, was born in 1788, and, after 
he came of age, purchased a farm on the ridge now owned by Mr Hannaford. 
William Coombs was an energetic business man, held several town offices, and 
was a fearless and faithful leader of the Democratic forces, in opposition to 
Aaron Dwinal, leader of the Whigs. They were both men of choleric tempera- 
ment, and espoused the cause they loved with a zeal not always tempered with 
discretion. William Coombs had two sons, Levi T., a deputy sheriff and dealer 
in stoves and hardware at Lisbon, and George W., a tailor at Lisbon Falls. 
Joseph Coombs, another son of Hezekiah, lived in the eastern part of the town, 
adjoining Webster, on the farm afterwards owned by Winter Marr. He had 
two children, Hannah, wife of John H. Green, and John H. Coombs. Abel 
Nvftitiii, born in Groton, Mass., in ]7r)7, was a soldier through the Revolution, 
and took part in Lexington and Bunker Hill. He came to Bath in 1783, and 
stopj)ed at the house of Ebenezer Coombs, where he formed the acquaintance 
of Rhoda, whom he married in 1784. He came to Lisbon in 1788 and settled 
north of Lisbon Factory, at Jordan's Mills. \n 1804 he removed to a farm 
about half a mile above the village, having on it a log house and hovel built by 
Russell Hinkley (now the Haskell farm), where he remained until his death, 
January 18, 1828. He left a wife and 13 children. His widow married 
William Green, who died at Lisbon in 1849. She died in Lisbon, April 17, 
1867, at 99 years, retaining her faculties up to within a few days of her death. 
Aaron Nutting, Esq., for many years town clerk of Lisbon, is a grandson of 
the Revolutionary hero. 

John Raymond was a merchant in Boston in 1799. He bought a store and 
lot at Little River that year, and came here to reside in 1804 or 1805. He 
built the old tavern where the Androscoggin House stood, and his store stood 
on the lower side of the old road, near the railroad crossing. He died in 1810, 
and his wife in 1812, leaving an only child, Ann Raymond, who married James 
Barker, of Boston. Mr Barker never lived here, but became the owner of the 
estate belonging to Raymond at Little River, and purchased other lots and 
claims, so that at his death a large portion of the real estate there was in his 
possession. He spent considerable money and time in hunting up and pur- 
chasing the various interests and outstanding titles to the property there, and 
his memorandum of titles and conveyances shows him to have been a man of 
thorough s3^stem and deep research. Although sanguine that the place must 
become of importance, he did not live to see his hopes realized. He is 
described to me by Isaac N. Davis, Esq., his agent, "as a gentleman of the old 
school, of fine personal appearance, dignified, somewhat precise, of great 
firmness, and of the strictest integrity." In 1861 John C Tebbets and Edivard 
Plummer purchased the I>arker estate, comprising all the water-power on Ten- 
mile Falls, and having united with them Oliver Moses, of Bath, and others, 



442 History of Androscoggin County. 

obtained a charter, built a mill, and began the great development of the place. 
Jacob Gould came here from Bath as early as 1790, settled first on the place 
now owned by Seth Bickford, but moved to the place now belonging to his 
family about 1801. He died December 27, 1862, aged 94 years. His oldest 
child, Major Stephen Gould, was born in Lisbon, October 17, 1791. He was 
for many years a deputy sheriff of Lincoln and Androscoggin counties. Jacob 
Gould had three sons: Stephen, who died in 1875, aged 84; Niah, now living 
in Lisbon, aged 86 ; Jacob, who died in 1890, aged 83. Aaron Dwinal, son of 
Amos Dwinal, was a Revolutionary soldier ; came from Worcester county, 
Massachusetts, about 1800: settled at Webster Corner; left here in 1840, and 
died in Leeds in 1844. He was a very active and influential man, held various 
offices of trust and importance, and was leader of the old Whig party in town. 
His son, Simeon, is living in Lisbon, and his other sons now living are: Calvin, 
at Bangor; Owen, at Mechanic Falls; Amos, in Aroostook; and a daughter, 
Abigail Davis, near Bangor. Rufus Dwinal, of Bangor, a noted lumberman 
and mill owner, was a son of Aaron. Simeon was representative in 1841, and 
has held other town offices. 

Robert Jack, son of Joseph Jack, of Topsham, was prominent in the early 
days. By hard study he gained a good education, including Latin, Greek, and 
Astronomy. He taught school, finally came to Lisbon and opened a store, 
including in his stock-in-trade the beverages of the day. He claimed to be 
the first who offered print or calico for sale in Lisbon. He was for years clerk 
and selectman of Lisbon. He was a public-spirited citizen, and one of the 
number who purchased and cleared the grounds now used as a cemetery, and 
afterwards aided in digging a well in the square and in putting in " the town 
pump." He built a number of fine houses, planted some of the first shade 
trees in the place, around his residences, and tried to induce the citizens to 
plant trees on each side of the first mile of the road to Lewiston. He married 
Sarah Staples, of Topsham, and had four sons, one of whom, Robert W. lives 
in Lisbon. 

Ea7'ly Mills. — John Raymond erected a mill on Little River, probably as 
early as 1806, which was operated by John Perry as a clothing mill for some 
years, when he sold to Gardner Frost, who continued the business until 1835. 
John Mayall, an Englishman, erected a wooden woolen mill in 1808-10 on the 
Sabattus, just above the bridge. This was on the first or upper privilege of 
Far well Mills, is still standing in good preservation. He occupied it until 
1822, when Horace Corbett, of Walpole, Mass., purchased it and operated it 
until 1850 as a satinet mill. No machinery was run in it until 1860, when 
James F. Hirst, an Englishman, leased it and occupied it for the manufacture 
of repellents until 1863, when he removed to Sabattus. John Robinson, 
another Englishman, was the next lessee, in 1863, and manufactured flannels 
until 1867. The same year Corbett sold the mill to N. W. Farwell, who 



Town of Lisbon. 443 



repaired it and occupied it as a cotton mill. He also bought a large amount 
of land near the mill. 

On the Moody privilege, below the bridge at Lisbon village, a grist-mill 
was built on the east side of the river near the end of the present dam as early 
as 1800, by Gideon and Abel Curtis, and Lisbon Factory was then called 
Curtis's Mills. This mill was tended by Eben Coombs, who came from Bath 
about 1803. He lived in a house where the house occupied by W. H. Miles, 
agent of Farwell Mills, now stands. William Batchelder later built a scythe 
factory just above this mill and conducted it some time. The first mill on the 
west side was built about 1804 by Gideon Curtis, afterward owned by 
Nathaniel Gerrish, who came from Durham in 1817. He and his son Joshua, 
for some years, carried on the lumber business, when, Joshua's health failing, 
he opened a store, and traded where his son, E. M. Gerrish, now trades. 
Nathaniel built a brick hotel in 1831 near the location of the office of Farwell 
Mills, which was torn down in the seventies. He was a justice of the peace, 
school committee man, etc. He sold the mill property to Joseph Moore in 
1833; he to Samuel Moody in 1835, who was succeeded in ownership by a 
local syndicate in 1865, which sold to N. W. Farwell in 1867. The large 
cotton mill of the Farwell Manufacturing Company now occupies the entire 
privilege. 

War of 1812. — There were three companies ordered out. The first was 
commanded by Captain Aaron Dwinal. There were 84 men, of whom three 
were living in 1873: William Woodard, a sergeant; Simeon Dwinal, son of the 
captain in Lisbon ; and Deacon Caleb Kilgore, of Portland. Second company, 
Captain Peter Whitney, 31 men. Joseph Webber, of Lewiston, was the only 
survivor in 1873. Third company. Captain Samuel True, 73 men, nine were 
living in 1873: Sergeant David Spofford, Webster; Corporal James Farrar, of 
Lisbon : and Nathan Farrar, Robert Jordan, Moody Spofford, Gardner Frost, 
Benjamin Jordan, Benjamin Grand, Greenleaf Spofford. 

Early Phydcians. — Benjamin H. Mace was one of the early settlers. 
Daniel Garcelon, deceased, was of Lewiston, uncle to Dr Alonzo Garcelon. 
Simeon Foss, deceased, came from Farmington. Wm McLellan, deceased, 
came from Skowhegan. A. Brawn, now living in Biddeford. A. W. Hobbs, 
now living in Freedom, N. H. N. J. Wedgwood came from Litchfield, grad- 
uate of Maine Medical School, now in Lewiston. H. C. White, from Litchfield, 
also and a graduate of Maine Medical School, is now in Somerville, Mass. 
D. B. Sawyer, now in Lewiston, married Charlotte, daughter of Joshua Gerrish. 

The First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough was held at the house of 
Samuel Tebbetts, Esq. (at Webster Corner), March 17, 1800. Samuel Teb- 
bettswas chosen moderator; Noah Jordan, town clerk ; Robert Hue, treasurer; 
Thomas Ham, Samuel Tebbetts, Jonathan Hebberd, selectmen and assessors ; 
Adoniram Sinkley, constable and collector ; Calvin Cowing, Joseph Dearing, 



444 History of Androscoggin County. 



John Hue, John McManas, Thomas Tebbetts, William B. West, Downing 
Gooding, Russell Hinkley, Ephraim Jordan, Josiah True, Jonathan Fogg, 
Simon Crocker, Stephen Dodd, Benjamin Ham, surveyors of highway ; Abel 
Nutting, Samuel Thompson, John Tebbetts, Samuel Tebbetts, Jr, surveyors 
of board; Samuel Tebbetts, culler of hoops and staves. 1800, April 7, 
adjourned town meeting. Voted Ephraim Jordan, Phineas Jones, Benjamin 
Ham, Isaac Hinckley, fence viewers ; Ilobert Hughe, Abel Nutting, Thomas 
Tebbetts, Samuel Hinkley, Jonathan Hebberd, Abraham Frost, tything men ; 
William B. West, Ephraim Jordan, Eliasom Maxwell, Joseph Bearing, Calvin 
Cowing, Joshway Jordan, Edward Waymouth, William Mitchell, hogreeves ; 
Voted for town charges $60, highways |400, schools |250. Votes cast for 
governor 47, James Sullivan having 39. 

Thr School BiMncfs were divided. May 3, 1802, thus: No. 1. — Noah Jordan, 
Moses Brown, Aaron Dwinal, Ephraim Jordan, Phineas Jones, Abner Jordan, 
Jonathan Jordan, William Jordan, Stephen Foss, Patrick Arish, Foster Went- 
worth, William Bucknam, Russel Hinkley, Aaron Whitney, Thomas Sinkler, 
Samuel W. and Seth Hinkley, Hannah Davis, Nathan Hanson, Abel Nutting, 
Marget Coombs, Andrew Coombs, Samuel Tebbetts, Daniel Whittom, Samuel 
Jenerson, Thomas Thorn, John and William Bourk, Stephen and William 
Dodd, Josiah Barry. No 2.— Nathan Metcalf, Ephraim Toothaker, Jacob 
Whittemore, Abijah Metcalf, Calvin Cowing, John Smullin, A. Patten, Joseph 
Cowing, John Woodard, Stephen Whittemore, Charles Smith, Dyer Heagens, 
Thomas Wilson. No. 3. — Isaac Hinkley, William B. West, Joseph Killgore, 
Jacob and Moses Gould, Hugh Owen, Lemuel, Samuel, and Thomas Hinkley, 
Benjamin Ham, Arcliibald, Amasa, and Luther Smith, James Welch, John 
Siidvler, Edward Sawyer, Stephen Staple, Thomas Ham, Robert Coombs, 
Nathaniel and Adoniram Sinkler. No. 4. — Daniel Harison, Miller and Joseph 
Hinkley, Widow Baley, Theophilus Tebbetts, Daniel Wescott, John Morris, 
Elisha Patterson, Hezekiah Hall, Jesse Holdbrooks, Thomas Tebbetts, Bradey 
Baley, John Tebbetts, Eliasom Maxwell, Samuel Tebbetts, Jr, Isaac Tebbetts, 
Robert Felton. No. 5, — Robert Hewey, John Rideout, Balcher Jones, Levi 
Temple, Samuel Bennct, Elijah Jones, Joseph and Samuel Dearing, Robert 
Dunkin, Timothy Heagins, Nathaniel Gilpatrick, John Smith, John Henderson, 
John Nowell, William Hegins, Jonathan Whitney, Paul Nowell, Alexander 
Gowing, John Mcmaners, Joseph True, William Heath, Jonathan Whitney, 
Jr, Benjamin Henderson, Simeon Crock. No. G. — Matthew Jordan, James 
Wilson, James CoUens, William Mitchell, Patrick Conner, John Wilson, Silas 
Hamilton, Samuel Thompson, Robert W. Niles, James Maxwell, Daniel Green, 
Jonathan Mitchell, William True, Nathaniel Smith, William Jordan, Jr, 
Joshua Jordan, John Farrow, Jonathan Hebbert, Phinehas Spofford, James 
and Stephen Hebbert, Elias Moody, Matthew and Samuel Libby, John Gould. 
No. 7. — John, John, Jr, and James Hewey, Elisha Hanscom, Joseph and 



Town of Lisbon. 445 



Thomas Maxwell, John and William Rideout, Jacob Pettingill, Samuel Malet, 
Zebulon Pribble, John Lavrey, Nathaniel Sheldon, Dowinng Gooding, Abraham 
Craft, Nahum, Edmund, and Jonathan Waymouth, Benjamin Hodgkins, Simeon 
Hamilton, Elias Storey, Jacob Furbish, Benjamin Jordan, Jethro Sandborn. 

Extracts from Totcn Records. — The first pages of the early records are 
largely occupied with records of roads, and in the quaint writing and spelling 
some are amusing enough. In 1800 ?|250 for schools, and elected a school 
committee. In 1801 William True was allowed " Liberty to Hang gate 
Acrost the Road on his Land. Voted Not to Let the Wider Davis Hano- 
Any gates A Crost the Road. Voted Not to Let Wails Have two Miles 
of the [north part] of This town." May 5, 1801, an adjourned town meeting 
was held in Samuel Tebbetts's barn, and for several years it was quite 
customary to occupy some barn or other to hold town meetings in. In 1801, 
i200 was voted for schools, and -flOO to defray town charges. In 1802 Hon. 
Caleb Strong had 56 votes for governor, Edward H. Robbins, 44 for lieutenant- 
governor, Nathaniel Dunnner, 38 for senator. In 1803 voted that the constable 
in future post up three warrants for town meeting at Roberts Hewey and 
Luke Lumbard's store. 1804 voted |)1,000 for highways, 't400 for schools, not 
to raise money to build a meeting-house. 1805 several [)rivate roads accepted 
by the town. A meeting May 5, 1805, was "to see if the town will agree to 

divide said town and have the southern part incorporated with Little 

River Plantation." It was dismissed. Also voted to give 25 cents per head 
as bounty for crows. 1807 25 votes were cast in favor and 55 against the 
sei)aration from Massachusetts. Voted "to dismiss the article concernincr 
raising money for the preaching of the Gospel." Voted to build a pound 40 
feet square near Luke Cushman's, and chose him pound-keeper. 47 votes 
against and 28 in favor of annexing the [)lantati(>n8 of Little River and Wales 
to Lisbon, and John Smullen, Ca[)tain Josiah True, and Dr Benjamin Hale 
Mace chosen to remonstrate against such legislative action, 1808 70 votes 
were cast against and 38 votes in favor of incorporating the north part of 
Lisbon with Wales plantation in a new town. Voted to petition the President 
of the United States to suspend the Embargo act either wliolly or in part, and 
chose seven good men and true to " wright " said petition. Little River Plan- 
tation has now become a portion of the town. 1809 a committee was chosen 
to petition the " Legislatur " for relief of the grievances of the town on 
account of the distressed state of the times. 185 votes cast for governor. 

1810 voted to hold the annual meetings in March. A committee chosen to 
superintend the inoculation of the inhabitants with cow-pox. 1811 voted -tlOO 
for the support of the Gospel, #1,500 for highways, $800 for schools, $350 for 
town charges. 1814 voted to build a magazine to hold the town stock and the 
building let to Phineas Jones, also authorized the selectmen to hire money to 
pay the expenses of the troops in the late expedition to Bath. 1815 an 



446 History of Androscoggin County. 



article in the warrant calling the annual town meeting, reading "to see if the 
town will raise money to purchase B. D. Bryant's large store at Lisbon Corner 
for a town-house, if not, to see if the town will raise money to build a new 
town-house," was "dismessed." 1816 James Small and Ezekiel Thompson 
chosen delegates to the convention at Brunswick. 116 votes cast for, 60 votes 
ao-ainst, the separation of Maine from Massachusetts. 1819 the barn of James 
Small seems to be the favorite place of holding town meetings, and in March 
the town voted "not to have their town meetings in future at the meeting- 
house near the Factory." 170 votes cast for, and 35 votes against the separa- 
tion of Maine from Massachusetts. 1820 Levi Stowell, William P. Davis, 
Ezekiel Thompson, Aaron Dwinal, Nathaniel Eames chosen to petition the 
legislature to divide the county of Lincoln, or make a new county from towns 
from both Lincoln and Cumberland. For first governor of Maine the vote was: 
Hon. William King, 77; Colonel Dennie M. Cobb, 3; Benjamin Cushing, 
Esq., and Samuel W. Hinkley, 1. 1823, Aaron Dwinal, John Smullen, and 
Paul C. Tebbets chosen committee to report on the propriety of building a 
house to acconnnodate the poor. Voted to petition the legislature to annex 
the town to Kennebec county. 1824 voted to hold the next town meeting at 
the Methodist meeting-house in the Factory village, and then alternately at 
the Baptist and Methodist meeting-houses, but at a later meeting it was voted 
to hold the meetings at "Roger Goodwin's barn." 

1827 Nathaniel Gerrish and Moses Tebbets, innholders, and Paul C. 
Tebbets, Robert Jack & Co., Eaton & Carr, Aaron Dwinal, William Colby, 
Joshua Gerrish, Jacob Bibber, Ebenezer Ham, James Weymouth, Miss Harriet 
G. Sampson, Sewell Moody, retailers, were licensed to sell liquors. 1828 241 
votes cast for presidential electors, Levi Hubbard receiving 172, Cornelius 
Holland 61). Voted to give Sampson Colb}^ -^3.50 for a chest four feet long, 
two feet wide, and one and one-half foot high, to keep the town's books and 
[)apers. 1829 voted to petition the legislature for a new county. 1832 voted 
that we disapprove of the doings of the majority of our late legislature in 
agreeing to sell a part of the state to the British, and Aaron Dwinal, Moses 
Tebbets, Jose[)h Sandborn, James Emerson, and Paul C. Tebbets chosen to 
draft resolutions on this subject. 1833 voted not to grant licenses to retailers 
of spirituous liquors. 1837 22 school districts formed. 1839 voted to divide 
the town, and William Garcelon of Lewiston, Johnson Jacques of Bowdoin, 
and Elisha Barrell of Greene, chosen committee to make the division. 1840 
the town meeting is held in the barn of Nathaniel Gerrish. 1842 voted to 
raise 1625 for support of schools. 1844, March, voted to raise money to build 
a town-house the present year. Chose John Whittemore, John Ham, and 
Peter Charles to locate a place and procure land, etc., for said house. April 
13 voted to locate the place and build the town-house on land of Horace 
Corbett opposite the brick school-house at the Factory village; also voted 



Town of Lisbon. 447 



that the selectmen be a committee to superintend tlie building. September 9 
the Lisbonians assembled at the town-house for their first meeting therein. 
1845, March 17, voted to have the town-house Painted on the Outside (Red) 
and a stove furnished ; voted, that tlie selectmen be a committee to attend to 
the retailing of spirituous liquors, and put the license law in force. 1847 voted 
in favor of having a toll-bridge over the Androscoggin river at or near the 
southwest bend of said river. 1850 27 votes in favor and 40 votes against 
changing the time of meeting of the legislature. 1851 voters sustain the 
present liquor law. 

Action of Town in the Civil War. — 1861, November 10, the inhabitants 
voted that the selectmen should see to the families of all who have enlisted or 
may enlist in the U. S. service, inhabitants of Lisbon, and assist them if they 
need assistance, and not consider them town paupers. 1862, July 19, resolved 
that a liberal encouragement ought to be given to persons who are willing to 
leave their homes and their families to tight the battles of our country, protect 
our homes and the constitution, and uphold the honor of our flag, by volunteer- 
ing their services, rather than by a resort to draft. Also resolved and voted 
that ilOO be paid to each volunteer, to the number of 15, who will enlist 
within twenty days. Voted and chose Aaron J. West, agent. August 25 
voted to choose two recruiting officers, one for the Factory village, and one 
for Little River village, who shall open offices for the enlistment of men as are 
called for as the quota of this town, and $100 be offered each person who may 
enlist, etc. This motion was made by Asa P. Moore, Esq. Aaron J. West and 
Emery W. Sawyer were chosen recruiting officers; also, voted that the select- 
men hire $1,800. December 8, voted to authorize the treasurer to hire $300, 
to be expended for the support of soldiers' families. 1805, January 2, voted 
to raise $450 for each soldier procured for three years, if they cannot be 
procured for less, and to instruct the selectmen to assist the agent in securing 
the quota. Henry H. Thompson was chosen town agent in place of A. J. 
West, deceased. 

1865 voted to exempt the Lisbon Manufacturing Company and the Lisbon 
Centre Falls Manufacturing Company from taxation for five years. 1867 
town line between Bowdoin and Lisbon established. 133 votes, all cast, were 
in favor of the suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops. 1870 voted 
to exempt from taxation for ten years any manufacturing establishment that 
may be erected at the Lisbon Centre Falls privilege ; also to exempt for five 
years the property owned and operated by N. W. Farwell. 1871 voted to 
abolish the school district system ; voted to build school-houses in the Plains 
and Frazier districts ; also to build this town's portion of the bridge across the 
Androscoggin at once, and raise $1,200 for the purpose. 1872 voted to exempt 
from taxation for ten years all buildings, machinery, and capital erected, used, 
and employed in the manufacture of boots and shoes or leather in any form, 



448 History of Androscoggin County. 



provided the capital so employed shall amount to 'flO,000. 1876 voted to 
fund the floating debt. 1870 voted to accept High, Winter, and Park streets. 
229 votes cast in favor and 5 votes against state biennial elections and biennial 
sessions of the legislature. 1880 cast 275 votes for and 170 votes against the 
amendmejit of the Constitution to provide for the election of a governor by a 
plurality; also 273 vot^s for and 109 votes against constitution amendment to 
chano-e the term of office of senators and representatives. 1882 voted to raise 
|;250 for a free high school ; also to raise !il<2,300 to build a school-house on 
Lisbon street. 1885 voted to build a school-house at Lisbon village this year; 
also voted to exempt from taxation for ten years the Bowdoin Paper Man- 
ufacturing Coin})any. 1886 voted to expend $2,000 for an engine house, lot, 
building, and reservoirs at Lisbon Falls, and f|2,000 for the purchase of engine 
liouse and lot, and building reservoirs at Lisbon village. 1888 voted that we 
have a new school-house at Lisbon Falls, and to raise f300 to build a sidewalk 
from Lisbon Centre to Lisbon post-oflice. Electoral ticket for President 
headed by Samuel N. Campbell had 314 votes ; that by Clark S. Edwards, 
255; that by Neal Dow, 28; that by Dexter W. Smith, 13. 1890 voted to 
raise 1500 to purchase a hearse ; also to build a new school-house in the Durgin 
district. The annual report for the year ending March, 1891, gives the 
valuation as $1,471,318. Of this $1,191,319 is resident and $97,265 non- 
resident real estate, $180,834 is resident and $2,400 non-resident personal 
estate. The amount assessed was $24,004.90; number [)olls, 826; rate of tax- 
ation, .0151. The expenditures included: roads and bridges, $4,966.62; 
contingent account, $2,280.52; su[)port of soldiers and families, $551.68 ; fire 
department, $321 .82 ; street lights at Lisbon Falls, $200 ; Memorial Day, $50 ; 
sup])ort of poor, $657.54 ; new school-house, $786.45. The farm account shows, 
$156.33 in favor of the farm. The town's total interest-bearing debt is 
$11,257.34, a decrease of $2,838.44 ; its resources are $7,466.43, making the 
net indebtedness, $3,790.91, a decrease of $4,927.55. The receipts amounted 
to $22,363.16; disbursements, $20,784.19. 

Civil List. — 1801 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Thomas Ham, John Smulleu, Jonathan Hebbert, 
selectmen. 1802 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Thomas Ham, John Smnllen, Jonathan Hebbert, selectmen. 
1803 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Jonathan Hebbert, Thomas Ham, John Smnllen, selectmen. 1804 — 
Noah Jordan, clerk; Jonathan Hebbert, Thomas Ham, John SmuUen, selectmen. 1805 — Noah 
Jordan, clerk; Robert Howey, John Smnllen, Thomas Ham, selectmen. 1800 — Samuel Tebbets, 
clerk; Thomas Ham, Robert Hewey, Nathan Hanson, selectmen. 1807 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; John 
Snmllen, .Tosiah Trno, Thomas Ham, selectmen. 1808 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Josiali True, Thomas 
Ham, (Jidoon Curtis, selectmen. 180!) — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Samuel Tebbets, Josiah True, Isaac 
Tebbets, Jr, selectmen. 1810 — Ezekiel Thompson, clei-k; Gideon Curtis, Samuel Tebbets, James 
Small, selectmen. 1811 — Eaekiel Thompson, clerk; Samuel Tebbets, Gideon Curtis, James Small, 
.selectmen. 1812 — Ezekiel Thompson, clerk; James Small, Melvin Stow, Isaac Tebbets, selectmen. 
1813 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Moses Tebbets, Ezekiel Thompson, John Smnllen, selectmen. 1814 — 
Daniel Hanson, clerk; John Smullen, Moses Tebbets, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1815 — Daniel 
Hanson, clerk; John Smullen, Moses Tebbets, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1816 — Daniel Hanson, 
clerk; James Small, Daniel Hanson, Nathaniel Eames, selectmen. 1817 — James Small, clerk; James 
Small, John Smullen, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1818— John Smullen, clerk; John Smullen, 



Town of Lisbon. 449 



Benjamin D. Bryant, Ezekiel Thompson, selectmen. 1819 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; James Small, 
Paul C Tebbets, Benjamin D. Bryant, selectmen. 1820 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Paul C. Tebbets, 
James Small, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1821 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Moses Tebbets, Benjamin D. 
Bryant, Joseph Sandborn, selectmen. 1822 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William P. 
Davis, William Coombs, selectmen. 1823 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William 
P. Davis, William Coombs, selectmen. 1824 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William 
Coombs, John Ham, selectmen. 1825 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William Coombs, 
John Ham, selectmen. 182G — Robert Jack, clerk; William Coombs, John Ham, Samuel True, 
selectmen. 1827 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Benjamin D. Bryant, Mark Garcelon, selectmen. 
1828 — Robert Jack, clerk; Benjamin D. Bi'yant, William Neal, Mark Garcelon, selectmen. 1829 — 
Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1830 — Robert Jack, 
clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1831 — Robert Jack, clerk; John 
Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1832 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph 
Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1833 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, Ebenezer Hani, 
Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen. 1834 —Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William Woodvrard, 
Robert Jack, selectmen. 1835— Joshua Nuttina;, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, Thomas Jordan, Simeon 
Dwinal, selectmen. 18.3G — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Thomas Jordan, Simeon Dwinal, Joseph Mooi'e, 
selectmen. 1837 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B. Jordan, 
selectmen. 1838 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B.Jordan, 
selectmen. 1839 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B. Jordan, 
selectmen. 1840 — John Hoyt, clerk; Joseph Moore, Peter Charles, James Booker, selectmen. 
1841 — John Hoyt, clerk; Joseph Moore, Peter Charles, John Whittemore, selectmen. 1842 — John 
Hoyt, clerk; John Whittemore, James Booker, John Ham, selectmen. 1843 — John Hoyt, clerk; 
John Whittemore, James Booker, John Ham, selectmen. 1844 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Whitte- 
more, John Ham, Peter Charles, selectmen. 1845 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Asaph K. 
Horton, Ammi Dunham, selectmen. 1846 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Ammi Dunham, 
Peter Charles, selectmen. 1847 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Ammi Dunham, Enoch Stover, 
selectmen. 1848 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Asaph K. Horton, Joseph I). SmuUen, selectmen. 
1849 — Robert Jack, clerk; Asaph K. Horton, Ammi Dunham, Addison Metcalf, selectmen. 1850 — 
Robert Jack, clerk; John Whittemore, John Ham, Jacob Whitney, selectmen. 1851 — Robert Jack, 
clerk; William Neal, Addison Metcalf, William S. Cotton, selectmen. 18.52 — Robert Jack, clerk; 
Simeon Dwinal, Jacob Whitney, Edward P. Briggs, selectmen. 1853 — Robert Jack, clerk; Simeon 
Dwinal, Jacob Whitney, Edward P. Briggs, selectmen. 1854 — Robert Jack, clerk; John L. Davis, 
William S. Cotton, William Blake, Jr, selectmen. 1855 — Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, 
John B. Douglass, Joseph Durgan, selectmen. 1856 — Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, Asaph 
K. Horton, John L. Davis, selectmen. 1857 — Robert Jack, clerk; John L. Davis, Thomas T. Small, 
Jason Rand, selectmen. 1858 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, John Atwood, James Farrow, 
selectmen. 1859 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, John ^Vtwood, James Farrow, selectmen. 
1860 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, William S. Cotton, Charles B. Jordan, selectmen. 1861 — 
Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, Aaron J. West, Charles B. Jordan, selectmen. 1862 — Robert 
Jack, clerk; Aaron J. West, Henry H. Thompson, David F. Shea, selectmen. 1863 — R. W.Jack, 
clerk; A. J. West, H. H. Thompson, D. F. Shea, selectmen. 1864 —R. W. Jack, clerk; A. J. West, 
James G. Jordan, Jason Rand, .selectmen. January, 1865, chose H. H. Thompson in lieu of A. J. 
West, deceased, and H. C. White in lieu of Jason Rand, resigned. 18()5 — Charles B. Jordan, clerk; 
J. G. Joi'dan, W. S. Cotton, Jordan Rand, selectmen. 1866 — C. B. Jordan, clerk; J. G. Jordan, 
Edmoud H. Ham, Seth P. Crosman, selectmen. 1867 — C. B. Jordan, clerk; J. G. Jordan, S. P. 
Crosman, O. R. Small, selectmen. 1868 — Aaron Nutting, clerk; S. P. Crosman, O. R. Small, Jesse 
Davis, selectmen. 1869 — Aaron Nutting, clerk; O. R. Small, Jesse Davis, H. C.White, selectmen. 
1870 — A. Nutting, clerk; O. R. Small, Orlando Merrill, H. C. White, selectmen. 1871 — A. Nutting, 
clerk; H. C. White, Orlando Merrill, A. E. Jordan, .selectmen. 1872 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. 
Jordan, J. G. Tebbets, C. H. Douglass, selectmen; in June, Douglass resigned, and Edward H. Berry 
chosen. 1873 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, J. G. Tebbets, Edward Berry, selectmen. 1874 — 
A. Nutting, clerk; E. H. Ham, H. V. Small, Edward Berry, selectmen. 1875— A. Nutting, clerk; 
E. H. Ham, E. N. Chamberlain, J. G. Tebbets, selectmen. 1876- A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamber- 
lain, Jordan Rand, Hiram V. Small, selectmen. 1877 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, 
Hiram V. Small, E. M. Shaw, selectmen. 1878 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, Hiram V. 
Small, J. R. Edgecomb, selectmen. 1879 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, J. R. Edgecomb, 
E. M. Shaw, selectmen. 1880 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry Farrar, 
selectmen. 1881 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry W. Farrar, selectmen. 



450 History of Andkoscoggin County. 



1882 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry W. Farrar, selectmen. 1883 — A. 
Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Henry W. Farrar, Edward Marr, selectmen. 1884— A. Nutting, clerk; 
A. E. Jordan, Henry W. Farrar, Edward Marr, selectmen. 1885 — G. Eugene Bobbins, clerk; A. E. 
Jordan, John Smith, George Crosman, selectmen. 188() — E. H. Lunt, clerk; A. E. Jordan, John 
Smith, W. S. Cotton, Jr, selectmen. 1887 — E. H. Lunt, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George 
Plummer, selectmen. 1888 — James H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George Plummer, 
selectmen. 1889 — E. H. Lunt, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George Plummer, selectmen. 
1890— James H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, J. H. Coombs, F. A. Jordan, selectmen. 1891— James 
H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, Frank A. Jordan, E. H. Lunt, selectmen. 



CHAPTER XXn. 



Religious Societies — Free Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — Methodists 
— Baptist Church of Lisbon Falls — The Roman Catholic Church. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. — Ill 1808 there was an article in the warrant 
"to see if the town will choose an agent to attend the Court of Common 
Pleas at Warren, to answer to a complaint against said town, for not 
employing and supporting a teacher of piety, religion, and morality, and for 
neglect in providing for the jjublic worship of God as the law requires." Abel 
Boynton was chosen, and in 1811 the sum of -iilOO was voted for support of 
the Gospel, to be a[)pro[)ruited under the direction of Samuel Tebbets, Esq., 
Deacon Joseph Kilgore, Ca[)tain Moses Tebbets, Ca[)tain Nathaniel Eames, 
Isaac Smith, and Gideon Curtis. This is the first record found of any 
appropriation for the support of the gospel. The first preachers were Elder 
James (Jarcelon and Elder Cole, Baptists. 

Free Baptiats. — The first "Church of Christ in Lisbon called Ereewill 
Baptist," was organized by Elder Josiah Farwell, in 1812, and consisted of these 
members: Hezekiah Purington, Susan Purington, Jonathan Blethen, Nancy 
Fulton, Isabella Kimball, Polly Sutherland, Ruth Tebbets, Hannah Smith, 
Axy Blethen. The present Free Baptist society was organized November 8, 
18(52, by Reuben Rand, with these members : Isaac Blake, William D. Crockett, 
James A. Harmon, Charles B. Jordan, James G. Jordan, Jacob Whitney, John 
Gould, John Smith, John Hatch, Charles Smith, Caleb C. Smith, Harrison 
Davis, Samuel Hiiddey, Philip G. Frost. It has been ministered to by Revs. 
Albert W. Purinton, O. II. True, Andrews, Kimball, Bartlett, and Gould. 

The Free Baptist Church at Lisbon Falls was organized November 20, 1856, 
by a council consisting of Revs. N. Bard and W. T. Smith and fifteen members. 
George Plummer was chosen clerk, Nathaniel Gatchell and Charles Brown 
deacons. The church made but little progress the next five years, worsliiping 



Town or Lisbon. 451 



with other cluiiches in union meetings. In 1862 it was decided to hold a 
separate meeting, and a house was obtained. The original members were Ira 
G. Ridlon, Sihis Plummer, George Plnmmer, Isaac Doughiss, Charles Brown, 
Natlianiel Gatchell, Abigail Douglass, Nancy Douglass, Emily E. Plummer, 
Almira J. Plummer, Mary M. Ilidlon, Mary Hewey, Deborah Gatchell, Elizabeth 
P>rown, and Theresa Cornish. Pastors: The first was Rev. George Plummer, 
five years; Rev. A. F. Hutchinson, one year; Rev. H. Lockhart, two and one- 
half years; Rev. A. L. Morey, one year; Rev. G. O. Wiggin, one year; Rev. 
O. L. Gile, one year; Rev. Charles Mason, one year; Rev. H. F. Young, two 
years; Rev. B. M. Edwards, two and one-half years. The last pastor was Rev. 
John Nason. The old church being too small it was thought advisable to 
build a new church, and in 1887 one was erected. Among the contributors 
were Frank Gutmann, who gave -11,000 ; G. C. Moses, |500; Edward Plummer, 
1500. The church cost over #6,000, and was dedicated March 6, 1888. Rev. 
Carter E. Cate, of Lewiston, preached the dedicatory sermon. 

A Congregational church building was erected on the Ridge, about 1840. 
The original members were Esquire Moody and wife, Edmund Berry and wife, 
Stephen Gould and wife, and Mrs George Smith. Rev. Stephen Merrill was 
the first pastor. This church became extinct as early as 1870. 

The Universalists have been numerous at Lisbon for years, but there is no 
active organization. A society has existed for some years at Lisbon Falls, and 
services have been held semi-monthly (or nearly so) by various clergymen in 
Good Templar's Hall. 

Methodisiyi. — At the introduction of Metliodism into this section, Lisbon 
formed a part of " Bowdoinham circuit," organized in 1803, and included Bath, 
Bowdoinham, Bowdoin, Topsham, Georgetown, Pejepscot, Durham, Pownal, 
and Lisbon. Afterwards classes were formed in Litchfield, Wales, Lewiston, 
Richmond, and Phippsburg, and these were added to the circuit. In 1806 the 
name was changed to Durham circuit. In 1830 Lisbon was made a part of 
Monmouth circuit. In 1835 Lisbon circuit was organized of Lisbon, Wales, 
and Lewiston. During 1836-7 Lisbon was re-united with Durham circuit, but 
in 1838 Lisbon circuit was restored with its former limits. From 1835 
preaching continued at Sabattus on alternate Sabbaths until 1850, when, under 
the ministration of Rev. E. K. Colby, that appointment was abandoned. There 
were 28 members in the class at Sabattus, and they continued to supply them- 
selves with preaching for several years, being served by Rev. R. J. Ayer and 
Rev. Thomas Mason. The lot of land on which the church formerly stood at 
Sabattus was sold in 1880 and the proceeds invested in the new M. E. church 
at Lisbon. 

Perhaps it would be of interest to note the fat salaries on which Methodist 
preachers lived in "ye olden times." In the steward's account for 1809 are 
these "disbursements" for the year: "Expense, -f 2.12 ; J. Soule (afterwards 



452 History of Androscoggin County. 



Bishop Soule), 13.00; J. W. Hardy, 18.62; J. Spaulding, 11.05; R. Hays, 
$6.16 ; L. Sargent, $2.45 ; total, $23.40." Preachers then lived on faith and 
"of the gospel." Their home was in the saddle; and they "boarded round." 
Again, in 1815, we find the following distributions: " O. Beale, $11.08; R. 
Hays, $47.80; J. Paine, $23.90; expense, $7.22; total, $90." Some grateful 
preacher has appended this comment to the record: " Lord, fulfill Thy promise 
to the benevolent. Amen!" As early as 1824 records show that luxury had 
crept in. We read of "table expenses" (the ministry had so far declined 
that some of them lived in parsonages and indulged in the unncessary 
expense of having a family). The charges for that year were: "Caleb Fogg, 
$61.73; Aaron Sanderson, $30.86; total, $92.59." In 1840 the times had 
become quite corrupt, as indicated by these prodigal "estimates": " Table 
expenses, $52 ; house rent, $15 ; horse-keeping, $20; firewood, $18 ; quarterage 
for preacher and wife, $200; (quarterage for two children, $32; moving (50 
miles), $10; horse-shoeing, $4; total, $351." What part of the estimate was 
paid is not stated. The records for successive years show, however, that it 
was not considered necessary to pay more than 50 to 75 cents on the dollar. 

The Sunday school of the church was organized in June, 1844, with nine 
teachers and 40 scholars. The church records contain no mention of it save 
this report made at the Quarterly Meeting in Brunswick, June 9, 1849: "The 
broken schools in unpromising condition" — perhaps 50 scholars and ten 
teachers and officers. June 13, 1880, was observed as the thirty-sixth anniver- 
sary of its organization, and also as the centennial of Sunday schools. The 
attendance that day was 100, the largest in its history, and the average 
attendance for that year is given as 75. At the same time as the centennial 
was observed the second anniversary of Children's Day. A large audience 
attended. A Sunday school missionary society was organized in 1879. 

The first meeting-house was erected in 1818, on the site of the present 
church edifice, during the pastorate of Joshua Randall. The land was given 
by Nathaniel Gerrish, and $383 was raised by subscription. The building was 
a roughly-finished structure, 40 x 36, with walls 12 feet in the clear, and was a 
free church until 1840, when extensive repairs were made, a vestibule and 
steeple added, and box pews (into which the members could be securely 
buttoned) took the place of the board seats, and they were sold to cover 
expenses of repairing. This was during the pastorate of Rev. Joseph Milliken, 
who did more than any other to preserve the history of the church. In 1859, 
under Rev. K. Atkinson, the house was remodeled, and more comfortable pews 
substituted. In 1871 the lofty gallery and pulpit were brought down to 
moderate elevation. In 1879 the old meeting-house was sold to Simeon 
Nichols, moved a short distance, and passed into the hands of Hon. Jesse 
Davis, who placed a story under it and changed it into Union Hall. The same 
year a new church was commenced on the old spot; size 54x34 feet, with a 



Town of Lisbon. 453 



corner tower 14x14, and recess in the rear 12x4; the cost was $2,200, 
exclusive of furnishing. It was dedicated March 19, 1880, as a free church and 
free of debt. This was under the pastorate of Rev. E. S. Stackpole, and to 
him should be awarded the credit of collecting and compiling the early history 
of the church. I have been unable to learn the dates of the early members, but 
among them were William J^ake, Stephen Foss, Gideon Curtis, Abel Curtis, 
Edward Woodbury, David McFarland, Nathaniel Gerrish, Joshua Gerrish and 
his wife. (John Dean, who lived at Dean's Ferry, was recorded in Lisbon 
town records of 1812 as a member of the Methodist society in Durham.) 
Under the pastorate of Rev. O. S. Pilsbury, a fine church edifice was erected at 
Lisbon Falls, at a cost of !|4,200, and dedicated October 10, 1889. The pulpit 
is filled by the pastor of Lisbon church. 

List of Preachers. — imi, True (Jlidden; 1804, Daniel Dudley; 1S05, Allen H. Cobb; ISOG, Eleazer 
Wells; 1807, David Carr; 1808, Warren Bannister, Isaac Smith; 180<), John W. Hardy, J. Spaulding, 
R. Hays; 1810, William Frost, Nathan B. Ashcroft; 1811, William March, Cyrus Cummings; 1812, 
Ebenezer Blake, John Adams; 1813, John Adams, E. W. Coffin; 1814, Philip Ayer, Bradbury Clay ; 
1815, R. Hays, John Paine; ISKJ, Ebenezer F. Newell, Caleb Fogg; 1817, Joshua Randall, J. Ambler; 
1818, John Lewis, Eliezer Steele; 1819, Job Pratt, James L. Bishop; 1820, Benjamin Ayer, Elijah 
Spear; 1821, Benjamin Burnham, Daniel Wentworth; 1822, Benjamin Burnham; 1823, Abram 
Holway, William Gardner; 1824, Caleb Fogg, Aaron Sanderson; 1825, True Page, Silas Frink; 1826, 
True Page, James Harrington; 1827, James Weston, Caleb Fogg; 1828, Isaac W. Moore, James Smith; 
1829, R. J. Ayer, VVm F. Farrington, George D. Strout; 1830, Daniel Crockett; 1831, Moses Davis; 
1832, Orin Bent, William Tripp; 1833, D. Stimpson; 1834, B. Bryant; 1835, Joseph Gerry; 1836, 
Benjamin Burnham, T. Greenhalgh; 1837, Benjamin Burnham, A. Fuller; 1838-9, H. L. Linscott; 
1840, Joseph Milliken, 1841, Joseph Lull; 1842, Orin Bent; 1843, Dan Perry; 1844-5, Noah Hobart; 
1846, Caleb Mugford; 1847, Dan Perry; 1848, David Copeland; 1849, Seth B. Chase; 1850, E. K. Colby; 
1851, A. P. Sanborn; 1852-3, Asa Green; 1854, Levi Eldridge; 1855-6, Thomas Hillmau; 1857-8, Kinsman 
Atkinson; 1859-60, Samuel W. Russell; 1861, George W. Ballon; 1862-3, Alpha Turner; 1864, Francis 
Grovener; 1865, William Stout; 1866-7, Isaac Lord; 1868, Thomas Hillman; 1869, W. Wyman; 1870, 
J. T. Walker; 1871, James H. Mason; 1872, Ezekiel Smith; 1873, Thomas J. True; 1874, Fred M. 
Pickles; 1875, Sylvester D. Brown; 1876-77, Aaron Sanderson; 1878, John B. Fogg; 1879-80, Everett S. 
Stackpole; 1881, Hezekiah Chace; 1882-83, Robert E. Bisbee; 1884, supplied by R. Sanderson and 
P. C. Rogers; 1885-6-7, Samuel T. Record; 1888-9-90, O. S. Pilsbury. 

The Baptist Church of Lisbon Falls. ^ — This church was organized July 
1, 1858. In answer to a request of brethren and sisters, a council was 
convened of delegates from the Baptist churches of Lewiston, Bowdoinham, 
South Bowdoin, Topsham, and in Brunswick. The council was organized by 
choosing Deacon Thomas Wilson, moderator, and Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 
Letters were read from various churches recommending to fellowship Edsil 
Webber, Philip G. Frost, Jeremiah Philbrook, David F. Shea, Margaret 
Coombs, Bridget Coombs, Delia Huskey, Elizabeth Andrews, Mary Ham, 
Asenith Goodwin, Parna R. Batchelder, Margaret Ham, Eunice Frost, and 
Mehitable Neal. Articles of faith and practice having been read and assented 
to by them, it was voted that the service of recognition be held at two o'clock 
P.M., July 1, 1858, when this programme was carried out: Reading of 

1 By John H. Dearing. 



454 History of Androscoggin County. 



Scriptures, Rev. J. Hutchinson; opening prayer, Rev. John Lewis; sermon. 
Rev. George Knox; prayer of recognition, Rev. J. Hutchinson; hand of 
fellowship, Rev. Moses Hanscom; charge to the church, Rev. Moses Hanscom. 
After its organization this little band of 14 labored on, receiving occasional 
additions, and in June, 1863, numbered 22 members. They enjoyed occasional 
preaching till April, 1859, when Rev. L. P. Gurney became stated supply, and 
preached one-fourth of the time for one year. Rev. C. Ayer then preached 
part of the time for nine months, commencing in June, 1860. The pulpit was 
filled occasionally till February, 1862, when Rev. George E. Tucker became 
stated supply for two years. The first year one-fourth, and the second one- 
half of the time. Rev. W. E. Noyes preached one-half the time for one year 
commencing March, 1864. 

The first settled pastor was Rev. S. W. Avery, who commenced his labors 
in June, 1865. He was a deep thinker, a wise counselor, and a sound and able 
preacher. He died suddenly at Lisbon Falls, December 17, 1875. During his 
ministry of a little over three years, 19 were added to the church. Rev. 
Sumner Estes was pastor from May 1, 1869, to April 1, 1871. Nine were 
added during that time. Preaching was had through the summer principally 
by Mr Fish, a Newton student. October 25, 1871, George R. Read, just 
graduated from Newton Theological Institute, was ordained as pastor. He 
was much beloved by the people, a faithful pastor, and a good preacher; 22 
were added during his ministry. He continued in the work till December 
30, 1876, when, on account of ill health, he resigned to go to California. For 
nearly a year there was no settled pastor, but meetings were held regularly 
and preaching was had most of the time. Rev. H. M. Heywood, of Liberty, 
began his pastorate November 25, 1877, resigned April 20, 1879. Charles H. 
Salsman, a Newton student, preached through the summer. Rev. James N. 
Studley was pastor from October 12, 1879, to April 3, 1881. J. H. Parshley, 
of Colby University, preached during the summer of 1881. The pulpit was 
supplied until November 12, 1882, when Rev. T. G. Lyons became pastor 
one year. January, 1884, Rev, E. S. Fish began his work, and was pastor till 
his death, February 17, 1886. He was a man whom to know was to love and 
respect. During the last four months of his life he was not able to preach 
much, and Rev. W. C. Barrows filled the desk most of that time, also for a 
number of weeks following. E. P. Hoyt, a Newton graduate, preached twice 
in June, 1886, and having accepted a call, was ordained July 15, 1886, and 
was i)astor one year when he resigned. Preaching was had every Lord's Day 
till October 23, 1887, when Rev. G. W. F. Hill, of St George, became pastor. 
During the pastorate of Mr Hill, one of the members, John L. Dearing, a 
graduate of Colby University and of Newton Theological Institution, was 
ordained as a foreign missionary in the chapel, June 25, 1889. The sermon 
was preached by Rev. James McWhinnie, D.D.; ordaining prayer. Rev. A. M. 
P. Small, D.D.; charge to candidate, President G. D. B. Pepper, of Colby 



Town of Lisbon. 455 



University; hand of fellowship, Rev. C. C. Tilley. The services were very 
impressive. Mr Bearing started on his journey in October, and arrived at 
Yokahama, Japan, where he is now located, November 5, 1889. Mr Hill 
closed his pastorate April 27, 1890. Deacon W. D. Plumnier and others 
preached a number of times during the summer. In September Rev. F. A. 
Vinal commenced his pastorate. 

There have been 137 members connected with the church since its orgfani- 
zation ; the membership at the present time is 54. During the pastorate of 
Rev. S. W. Avery, the present house of worship was built, at a cost of about 
$1,200. It was dedicated May 25, 1866 ; in the summer of 1872 a tower was 
built, and a bell weighing 1,000 pounds was put in ; it was rung for the first 
time on the Fourth of July. The tower and bell cost about $500. In the 
spring of 1874, an addition of 18 feet was made to the chapel. The office of 
deacon was filled first by Jeremiah Philbrook, who was chosen September 24, 
1863. He served the church faithfully for more than 22 years. Joseph H. 
Bearing was elected deacon, March 6, 1868. Weston D. Pluramer was chosen 
deacon, May 6, 1886. The two last are still in office. ClerkH. — William C. 
Hall served from July, 1858, to May, 1861 ; Jeremiah Philbrook till September, 
1863, when George W. Coombs was chosen; he resigned August 6,1870, when 
S. W. Avery was elected, and served till his death, December 19, 1875. John 
L. Dearing was clerk from January 1, 1876, to March 5, 1881, when the 
present clerk, J. H. Dearing, was chosen. The Sabbath school compares 
favorably with others in town. A. J. West, H. C. White, George C. Wing, C. 
M. Hutchinson, J. Philbrook, J. H. Dearing, A. Hoyle, W. D. Plunimer, and 
L. L. Barrell have served as su})erintendents. The last named is now in office. 

The Roman Catholic Church. — The spiritual wants of the Roman Catholics 
of Lisbon (mostly French Canadians) were ministered to for some years by 
priests from Lewiston and Brunswick. In July, 1885, Fr H. J. McGill, from 
Lewiston, was placed in charge of the parish composed of 200 members of 
the church at Lisbon, 100 at Lisbon Falls, and 50 at Sabattus. Under his 
charge and by his zealous and efficient labors a neat and commodious church 
(St Anne's), with a parochial residence, was provided at Lisbon within a year, 
at an expense of $4,000. There has also since then been provided a church at 
Lisbon Falls, made read}^ for worsliip some two years ago. At Sabattus they 
have as yet no church. At present there are some 200 communicants at 
Lisbon and the same number at Lisbon Falls, with no increase at Sabattus. Fv 
McGill devotes his time and services among his several charges as follows: 
Every Sunday at Lisbon ; every alternate Sunday at Lisbon Falls, and the 
same at Sabattus. Plis labors have been rewarded by increased improvement 
among his flock spiritually and temporally. A society, composed of the 
married women of the church, and known as the "Ladies of St Anne," has 
been formed for pious purposes under the auspices of the church and is in a 
flourishing condition. 



456 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER XXHI. 

Lisbon Business Interests — Traders, etc. — Farwell's Cotton Mills — The Farnsworth 
Company — New England Mineral Paint Company — Personal Sketches — Lisbon Falls — 
Worumbo Manufacturing Company — The Androscoggin Water-Power Company — Lisbon 
Falls Fibre Company — Lisbon Falls Co-operative Association — Lisbon Falls Creamery 
Association — Merchants, etc. — Personal Sketches. 

LISBON BUSINESS INTERESTS. — ^. M. Gernsh is the oldest trader. 
He has been in his present location as clerk with his father, the late 
Joshua Gerrish, as early as 1854, and afterwards as a partner with his 
younger brother, E. H. Gerrish (now a druggist in Lewiston), and since alone. 
He carries a large stock of dry and fancy goods, boots, shoes, and gents' 
furnishing goods. O. A. Jordan carries on a successful business in the store 
formerly occupied by his father, Hon. Charles B. Jordan. He deals in dry and 
fancy goods, ready-made clothing, boots and shoes, wall papers, and general 
stock of small wares. Lunt cj' Rose carry on a grocery and provision store, 
and also deal in corn and feed of all kinds, fertilizers and agricultural imple- 
ments and machinery. Ferdinand Beruhe. French grocery, successor to late 
firm of Sabourin & Beaudette. 0. D. Steele, dealer in groceries, dry goods, 
and notions. C. S. Newell., formerly at Lewiston, has lately opened a stock of 
groceries, etc., in the store in Central Block formerly kept by James W. 
Cornish. Mr Newell was for many years one of Lewiston's successful 
merchants, carrying on a boot and shoe store. Elmer T. Smith carries a large 
stock of first-class groceries, provisions, fruit, etc. He commenced business 
with small capital before he was of age, and has built up a thriving and pros- 
perous trade by energy, industry, and course of dealing. //. P. Thojnpson 
keeps a large assortment of drugs and medicines. He is a registered {)liar- 
macist of long experience, safe and reliable. Arthur Wakefield., dealer in 
watches, jeweliy, and silver ware, has built up a fine trade by his own efforts. 
Mm G. H. Foster., milliner}'. L. O. Ilohlnmn., machinist and veterinary surgeon. 
Albert Sutherland, blacksmith, horse-shoeing, and general work. Frank W. 
Neoens, blacksmith, carriage work a specialty, also worker in wood. Enoch 
Tebbetts, joiner and contractor. Tebbets Brothers, undertakers. W. B. Jordan, 
Lisbon Hotel, horses and carriages to let. 

Associations. — Sabattus River Lodge, No. 24, I. O. O. F. ; Berry Post, 
No. 10, G. A. R. ; Mishawum Lodge, No. 38, U. O. Pilgrim Fathers ; Lodge of 
N. E. O. P. ; Pine Tree Grange, P. of H. 



Town of Lisbon. 457 



Sabattus river, seven miles in length, is the outlet of Sabattus pond, a sheet 
of water five miles long, two miles wide, and 30 feet deep. A dam at the 
outlet provides an ample and constant supply of water, and for a long distance 
the river is fed by springs issuing from its bed. Abundant power is furnished 
by this stream for the mills ijlong its course. These are: 

FarwelVs Cotton Mills, Lisbon, incorporated January 29, 1872, occupy the 
first and second powers. In 1873 N. W. Farwell had a cotton mill and a saw- 
mill on the first power, where a fall of ten feet gave 175 horse-power, used to 
run 3,136 spindles, with an annual production of 112,000 pounds (500,000 
yards of 36-inch sheetings. 53 operatives were employed, to whom il,400 
was paid monthly. The second power had a fall of 20 feet, giving 375 horse- 
power. Here Mr Farwell had just completed a brick cotton mill three stories 
high, 346 feet long and 52 feet wide, with a capacity of 12,000 mule spindles. 
In 1890 the company used 400 horse-power, driving four turbine wheels and 
20,608 spindles, used 92,000 pounds of cotton monthly in making 300,000 
yards of fine sheetings, 40, 45, and 48 inches wide, and employs 129 male 
and 112 female operatives, with a monthly pay-roll of $6,000. It has two 
auxiliary engines of 350 and 50 horse-power, a machine shop in a separate 
building, a saw-mill run by a turbine wheel of 25 horse-power, where 100,000 
feet of lumber and 50,000 shingles are annually produced. The company 
has a ca[)ital of tf500,000. Nahum Chapin is president; John W. Farwell, 
treasurer; William H. Miles, agent. 

The Farnsworth Company, incorporated in 1868 with a capital of $50,000, 
occupies the power one mile below Farwell's, which is half a mile from the 
Androscoggin. Here Abner Coombs built a mill in 1804, and the power has 
been in use since. A company from Fall River, Mass., erected a cotton mill, 
just below the site of the Farnsworth Mill, in 1839, but the mill was 
burned in 1840, before the machiner}^ was put in, and the enterprise was 
abandoned. Cephas Farnsworth came from Norridgewock in 1825, and carried 
on a carding and dressing mill for some years before 1845. His son Josiah 
also carried on a saw-mill until 1863, when Benjamin B. Farnsworth, son of 
Cephas, formed a company and built the present Farnsworth Mill in 1864. 
The fall is 13 feet, affording 150 horse-power. In 1873 there was a brick mill 
containing six sets of machinery, employing 97 operatives, with a monthly 
pay-roll of $3,300, producing 222,700 yards of ^ woolens and repellent cassi- 
meres, annually. W. F. Milliken was treasurer; Augustus Callahan, agent. 
In 1890 one Rodney Hunt wheel, producing 102 horse-power, operated eight 
sets of cards, with fifty looms, employing 55 males and 35 females. The 
spinning department has 4,400 spindles. There is a steam engine of 80 horse- 
power, not in use, but kept as auxiliary power. The company manufactures 
fine wool flannels from Ohio and Michigan fleece wool and Australian and 
South American wool. The monthly production is 77,810 yards, and the 



458 History of Androscoggin County. 



monthly consumption of wool 40,000 pounds. The officers are: S. M. Milliken, 
president; W. F. Milliken, treasurer; George W. Olney, agent; William H. 
Buckley, superintendent. 

In 1865 B. B. Farnsvvorth organized a company whicli built a paper mill a 
short distance below the Farnsworth Mill, on the next privilege, having a fall 
of 12 feet. This mill made a ton and a half of paper daily, and was sold in 
1869 to a stock company of which Adna C. Denison, and Parsons Brothers of 
New York City, were chief members. They added to the machinery, and had 
just renewed work, when, July 1, 1870, an accidental fire destroyed the mill. 
This has not been rebuilt; the privilege is owned by the Farnsworth Company, 
and is not improved. 

New Emiland Mineral Paint Company. — Mineral paint was discovered in 
Lisbon in 1883 or 1884 by Edward N. Chamberlain, and the land was leased 
to W. B. Jordan and E. H. Caylor, who organized a stock company in 1885, 
under the name of the New England Mineral Paint Company. E. M. Shaw, of 
Nashua, N. H., John G. Tebbets, W. H. Miles, and W. B. Jordan, of Lisbon, 
were among the principal stockholders. In 1886 the company re-organized and 
chose W. B. Jordan, president; John G. Tebbets, treasurer, and C. W. Davis, 
agent, erected buildings, put in machinery and commenced operations, though 
with small success, and a new organization was formed in 1887, with W. B. 
Jordan, president; N. M. Neal, treasurer; John G. Tebbets, managing director. 
The company suspended business in 1888. The plant was then leased to 
E. M. Shaw, John G. Tebbets, and James Coulton, who, under the name of 
the Lisbon Paint Company, were building up a prosperous business when the 
works were burned July 10, 1880. 

Hon. Jesse Davis, son of Jonathan and Rebecca (Larrabee) Davis, was born 
in that part of Webster, now Lisbon, July 21, 1814. His grandfather, Jesse 
Davis, a native of Roxbury, Mass., came to Burnt Meadow (Webster) in 1780, 
to build mills and develop a settlement on the territory owned by his uncle, 
Dr Jonathan Davis, the improvements and a tract of land to be conveyed to 
him for his services. He died in 1792, from loss of blood caused by the ampu- 
tation of a leg made necessary by the breaking out of a wound received at the 
battle of Lexington. Hon. Jesse Davis was early a successful teacher, and 
later was a farmer up to the close of the Civil War, and since then has been 
interested in many kinds of business. In politics a Whig and Republican, he 
has been much in office, selectman 15 years, town treasurer 12 years, represen- 
tative to the legislature, state senator, justice of the peace from 1842 to the 
present time, six years county commissioner, beside other official positions. 
He was several years in the militia, ranking as ensign, lieutenant, and captain. 
He is a Universalist in religion, and has always been disposed to look upon 
the sunny side of life. He is one of Lisbon's leading and wealthiest citizens. 
One of his daughters is wife of Colonel F. W. Dana, of Lewiston. 



Town of Lisbon. 459 



John Gr. Tehhets, son of Paul C. and Priscilla T. (Thompson) Tebbets, was 
born in Lisbon, July 12, 1823. His father was born in Soniersvvorth, N. H., in 
1781. In 1812 he built a house in Lisbon on the spot where his son now 
resides. He died in Lisbon, September, 1861, at an age of more than 80 years. 
His wife was a daughter of Ezekiel Thompson. Mr Tebbets is a Democrat in 
politics, and an active, energetic, progressive business man. He has been a 
director of the Worumbo woolen mill at Lisbon Falls, and the Androscoggin 
Water-Power Company, and is also engaged in the manufacture of lumber. 
He has served his native town as a member of the board of selectuien, and has 
been town treasurer for the past four years. 

Charles IT. FosftT, M.I)., born in Bowdoin, January 27, 1844, received the 
educational advantages of Litchfield Academy and the medical department of 
Dartmouth (N. H.) College, where he was graduated in 1874. He entered 
into practice in Bowdoinham, but in June, 1875, located at Lisbon village, 
where he is now resident, and has built up a good practice. He takes interest 
in the matters of professional advance, and is prized as a citizen. He is a 
member of Androscoggin County Medical Association, is a Mason, an Odd 
Fellow, and a Republican. He married Adella A. Moore, of St Albans, and 
has one child, Roberto M. 

Augustus W. Potter., M.D.., son of William and Mary E. Potter, was born in 
Auburn, May 11, 1854. He was graduated at Hebron Academy in 1873, Bates 
College in 1877, Maine Medical School in 1884. He had formed friends in 
Lisbon, where he had taught school, and immediately after graduation, in 
June, 1884, located heie as a physician and continues in practice. The same 
year he married Selina Rhodes, of Lawrence, Mass. They have one child, 
Florence Iveigh. Dr Potter is active in the educational interests of the town, 
is a member of United Order of Pilgrim Fathers, of the Odd Fellows, and of 
the New England Order of Knights of Protection, and is Congregational in 
religious sentiment, 

Charles B. Jordan was born in Lewiston. His wife was a daughter of 
Captain Joseph Porter, of Freeport. Mr Jordan came to Lisbon in 1850, 
where he went into trade, and was a merchant up to the time of his death in 
January, 1886. He held various town offices, was representative two terms, 
and state senator two terms. He had three children: Elmer P. (a graduate of 
Bowdoin College, class of 1883, now a book publisher in St Louis, Mo.), Lizzie 
B., Charles Alton. 

Charles Alton Jordan, son of Charles B. and M. P. (Porter) Jordan, 
descends from four prominent families of this section — the Jordans, the 
Porters, the Garcelons, and the Dinglej'S. He is a graduate of Hebron 
Academy, and at the age of 18 became a member of the mercantile house of 
C. B. Jordan & Son, at Lisbon, thus becoming one of the youngest merchants 
of the county. He is an active Republican in politics, a Baptist in religion, a 



460 History of Androscoggin County. 



prosperous trader, and is secretary of Sabattus River Lodge, I. O. O. F. He 
is held in high esteem. The store where he trades is one of the oldest in the 
county, and has been in the occupancy of his father and himself since 1850. 

Lisbon Falls. — A brisk village has been created here by the development 
of the magnificent water-power at this point, which has attracted live men who 
have built up large business houses. Several fine residences and numerous 
dwellings are in progress of erection in the summer of 1891, which is evidence 
of the steady growth of the place. If the advance of the last 10 years is 
continued, and the appearances indicate that it will be surpassed, a city will 
succeed the village at no distant period, and a water-works system and an 
electric light plant are things of the immediate future. 

Wonimho Mamifacturing Comjniyiy, Lisbon Falls, organized in 1864, had 
originally a capital of $250,000, which was increased in 1887 to 1500,000. 
Oliver Moses was the first president; Galen C. Moses, treasurer; F. Gutmann, 
agent. The first two were of Bath. The officers in 1891 are : George P. 
Slade, of New York, president; G. C. Moses, treasurer; F. Gutmann, of 
Lewiston, agent. In 1873 150 horse-power was used, 170 operatives employed, 
with a monthly pay-roll of -$6,500, 10 sets of cards were in operation, two 
turbine wheels, and two mills. The annual production was 120,000 yards of 
finished all-wool 4 beavers. The two mills were brick and first class. In 
1890, 500 horse-power was used, 340 male and 110 female operatives employed, 
and the monthly pay-roll was $15,000. Three wheels are in use, two Hercules 
and one Leffel, and 21 sets of cards. 120,000 pounds of Montevideo and 
Australian wools are used in the manufacture of beavers, kerseys, cloakings, 
full indigo flannels, shetlands, chinchillas, flocconn^e goods, and 36,500 yards 
are produced. The capacity of the water-power is estimated at 5,063 horse- 
power. The mills have electric lights. Mr Frank Gutmann ended a service of 
25 years as agent of this company, July 1, 1891. He has proved a valuable 
representative of the company's interests. He was succeeded by John 
Ballantyne, the late superintendent. The overseers of the company are: 
Thomas C. Rogers, wool-sorting, 26 years' service; William H. Schultz, 
finishing, 18 years' service; F. E. Greissinger, indigo-dyeing, 14 years' service; 
William Parkin, spinning, 14 years' service; Otis S. White, mechanic, 11 years' 
service; Fenton Haigh, weaving, eight years' service; Max Pierter, carding, 
eight years' service ; Emile Demuth, piece-dyeing, four years' service. William 
A. Brimijoin, for 12 years paymaster at the mills, was previously for three 
years book-keeper in the treasurer's office at Bath. The American Wool, Cotton 
and Finance Reporter says: "William Buerger, designer at Lisbon Falls, Me, 
is one of the most proficient designers in this country. He was educated in 
some of the best mills in Germany, and was for four years with the Utica 
woolen mills, Utica, N. Y., as assistant superintendent and designer. From 
there he went to the Globe Woolen Co., where he remained three years. He 



Town of Lisbon. 461 



has been two years with the George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Co., Ware, 
Mass. He has also been superintendent at the Worunibo Manufacturing Co., 
Lisbon Falls. 

The Androscoggin Wafer-Power Co^npany^ Lisbon Falls, was incorporated in 
1867, with a capital of ff!50,000. Oliver Moses, of Bath, was president; Galen 
C. Moses, treasurer; and Edward Plummer, agent. This company owns and 
operates a large saw-mill and a grist-mill. In 1873 the saw-mill, using 135 
horse-power, taken from the Worumbo Manufacturing Company's privilege, 
employed 30 operatives, with a monthly pay-roll of -11,200 in the production 
of from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 feet of lumber, and in the grist-mill below did 
custom grinding and an extensive business in corn meal and feed. In 1890 one 
Chase and one Stearns wheel are used, giving 1.50 horse-power, with which 
5,000,000 feet of s})ruce, i>ine, hemlock, and oak lumber is annually produced. 
45 hands are employed, and the monthly pay-roll is -f 1,800. The capital is now 
|;75,000. Galen C. Moses, of Bath, is president; F. H. Twitchell, of Bath, 
treasurer; Edward Plummer, agent. This company owns the first or upper 
privilege on Little River. 

The Lisbon Falls Fibre Company was organized April 9, 1889, with a 
capital stock of $250,000, and elected Elias Milliken of Augusta, president; 
F. C. Whitehouse of Topsham, treasurer; W. H. Parsons of New York, Elias 
Milliken, Galen C. Moses of Bath, David T. Rines of Portland, F. C. White- 
house of Topsham, directors. The Bowdoin Paper Manufacturing Company 
had purchased the water-])ower in 1887 and begun to build a dam. The new 
com[)any set to work vigorously and the first year constructed a dam, built of 
crib work filled with stone and sunk in 20 feet of water, without coffer-dams. 
Foundations for the pulp mill were also commenced in 1889. This was finished 
July 1, 1890, and is composed of five buildings, namely : the wood-preparing 
building, which is 46x68 feet, one story high; chemical building, 72x60, two 
stories high; digester building, 72x36, three stories high; machine building, 
46x92, one story; boiler house, 46 x60, one story, all constructed of brick with 
hard-[)ine roofs, covered with the best New England gravel roof. The com- 
pany operates under the Partington, Retter, and Kellner patents, and the four 
digesters have a capacity of producing 16 tons of dry sulphite pulp in 24 hours. 
The machines for screening the pulp are considered the finest made. There 
are used three 72-inch tubular boilers of 125 horse-power each. A paper mill, 
consisting of two buildings, an engine room, 60x80, and a machine and 
finishing room, 200x60, was put up in 1890. In the engine room ai'e two of 
the largest size Home patent engines, and the paper machine is a 86-inch 
Fourdrinier, constructed to manufacture book papers. All the buildings of 
the pulp and paper mills are built for double the machinery in operation, and 
the product can be carried to 30 tons of dry pulp and 20 tons of paper per day. 
Electric lights are used. The whole plant is in successful operation, producing 



462 History of Androscoggin County. 



monthly 700 tons of pulp and 250 tons of paper. The mills now use only one- 
fourth of the water-power owned by the company, which is the whole flow of 
the Androscoo-crin river. F. C. Whitehouse is treasurer and manager ; John 
Merriman, superintendent. 

The Lhhon Falls Co-operafive Associafioti, organized February 15, 1885, 
was incorporated March 21, 1885, with 23 members: Thomas Ellingsworth, 
Otis S. White, John Feltham, Fred Kirschner, Charles Schofield, R. Moschner, 
August Wonneberger, Charles Theilig, F. C. Lange, August Lange, Paul 
Willgeroth, August Stein, F. N. Lange, N. Mortimer, Albert Riskar, Harry 
Shaw, K. M. Small, Fenton Haigh, E. M. Holland, Joseph Riley, B. Fearnley, 
George Canham. Fenton Haigh was made president ; Otis S. White, treasurer; 
E. E. Gordon, secretary; Fenton Haigh, H. M. Small, F. C. Lange, George E. 
Hnskins, and August Lange, directors. The object of the association is "to 
co-operate in the purchase and distribution of general merchandise." In 1887 
the association erected Co-operative Block, of two stories, on Main street, 
containing two stores, one occupied by the association store, the other by 
George R. Foster & Son. Dr Curtis and the Lisbon Ohst'vver have offices in 
the second story, as is also the hall used by the Knights of Pythias. The 
association originated in the winter of 1885, when, business being dull, the 
employes called a meeting at the house of John Feltham, January 19, 1885, to 
discuss economical matters. It was agreed by all that a co-operative store 
would benefit the community and an organization was effected, and Fenton 
Haigh, Charles Schofield, and E. M. Holland chosen a committee to perfect it. 
After several meetings operations were commenced. The permanent officers 
were chosen February 9. The shares were fixed at $5, and no one was allowed 
to take more than 20 shares. Six per cent, interest was paid, and a dividend to 
each member on the amount of his purchases. Business was started with a 
stock of 1790, and the first week's sales were $105. October 11, 1890, the 
stock was -18,855, and the sales are from $700 to |900 weekly. The 27 
members at first have increased to 170; $13,500 have been paid in interest 
and dividends ; the average dividends have been from eight to nine per cent. 
The sales for the six months ending February G, 1891, amounted to more than 
$20,000. After putting aside funds for the permanent fund, a dividend of eight 
per cent, was declared. The sinking fund now amounts to $1,275. The 
officers for 1891 are: President, Fenton Haigh; second director. King M. 
Small; third director, R. Moschner; secretary, Albert Mortimer; first auditor, 
M. D. Leirney; treasurer, G. H. Whittier. 

TAe Lisbon Falls Creamery Association was formed as a stock company in 
1889, and a factory built and equipped for operations in April, 1890, with 
all utensils for half a dozen cream-gathering routes and capacity to manufacture 
the product of 1,000 cows, at a cost of $2,500. The officers were : John G. 
Tebbets, president; C. L. Newell, secretary; L. L. Barrell, treasurer; A. J. 



Town of Lisbon. 463 



Larrabee (Webster), U. A. Jack (Topsham), Joseph H. Davis (Durham), G. 
G. Wagg (South Lewiston), directors. This creamery is located on " the 
plains," on the Topsham road, half mile from Lisbon Falls station. 

Flourishing lodges of Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, Knights 
of Pythias, Royal Arcanum, Golden C^ross, and W. C. T. U. are in existence 
and well supported. 

G-eorge R. Foster <f Son (George E.) manufacture ladies' fine shoes, and 
conduct a department store in Co-operative Block on Main street. Mr Foster 
was born in Bowdoin in 1841. His father, George, was born in Bowdoin; his 
mother, Sarah, in Topsham. He was a fife-major in the Twenty-fourth Maine 
nine months in the Civil War. He engaged in the shoe trade at Lisbon Falls in 
1865 in the Bee Hive, but soon removed to the Androscoggin House. He 
later built the store occupied by Fessenden's pharmacy, and about 1877 sold to 
A. R. Webber. He then conducted a shoe store in the old post-ofhce buildingr 
on Oak street where Nutting & Durgin trade, and later moved to the Bee Hive 
again, and after that to the Red Front on Main street. Since 1887 the business 
has been conducted in its present location. George C. Foster was admitted 
partner in January, 1888. Since 1877 a branch store has been conducted at 
South Harpswell. Mr Foster is a Republican, a Universalist, an Odd Fellow, 
and has been vice commander in the G. A. R. He married Martha Newell, of 
Litchfield, and has three children: George E., James A., and Benjamin H. 

Harris Grinsburg, the leading merchant, was born in Kowno, Russia (on the 
line of Germany) in 1859. In 1875 he came to Boston and soon began his 
remarkable mercantile life by peddling notions, his stock being carried in a 
small box. He came to Maine in 1876 and, making Portland his headquarters, 
traveled, first with his pack, and, later with a wagon, through the country from 
Sabattus to Kennebunk. Li the fall of 1880 he ()[)ened a small store at Lisbon 
Falls, and after various changes demanded by the increase of his trade, he, in 
1889, built Ginsburg Block on Main street, where he now has an extensive 
establishment of dry goods, clothing and furnishing goods, watches and jewelry, 
carpets, furniture, etc. Two stories are occupied as salesrooms, and four 
clerks are employed. This business has been developed in fifteen years by Mr 
Ginsburg from his small box of notions, and he takes pride in the fact that he 
always pays 100 cents on the dollar. He was a charter member of Worumbo 
lodge, I. O. O. F., and a charter member of Columbia lodge of Knights of 
Pythias. 

W'dlard Jones, born in Windsor, Kennebec county, in 1864; is an energetic 
business man, and located at Lisbon village in 1887 as a dealer in groceries and 
crockery. July 15, 1889, the increasing attractions of trade at Lisbon Falls 
caused him to remove thither, and he leased one of the large new stores in 
Ginsburg Block, where he is now located, conducting a large wholesale and 
retail trade which is rapidly assuming metropolitan proportions. Mr Jones is 



464 History of Androscoggin County. 



a Democrat in politics, an Odd Fellow, and a Knight of Pythias. August 17, 
1^87, he married Hattie, daughter of Jordan Rand, of Lisbon. A good citizen 
and a successful merchant, he is also one of the strong men of the community. 

Albert T. Bibber carries on general trade on the corner of Main and Water 
streets. This is the oldest mercantile establishment in town, purchased about 
1815 by Jacob Bibber, a birthright Quaker, who, born in Harpswell, learned 
the joiner's trade in Durham, came to Lisbon Falls and did a large business in 
wood turning until he went into trade. The sign, "J. Bibber," still over the 
door of the store, was placed in position June 12, 1826, the day Albert T. 
Bibber was born. Jacob Bibber secured mucli of the great trade going to 
Bath from the Androscoggin valley, by selling the farmers goods as low as they 
could buy in Bath. This custom was large and profitable, and Mr Bibber 
universally retained his customers. His children were Louisa, Warren A., 
Sarah (Mrs Aaron J. West), Albert T., Mary J. (Mrs Seth P. Grossman), 
Emily P. Jacob Bibber was succeeded about 1855 by his son Warren A., 
who, later with Albert T., formed the firm of W. A. Bibber & Co. This lasted 
five years when Warren sold to A. T., and the firm of Bibber & West was 
formed, Aaron J. West being a member. This was dissolved in 1864 by the 
death of Mr West. Since then A. T. Bibber has been sole proprietor. He 
possesses many of his father's characteristics, has ever been a quiet, unosten- 
tatious person, standing high in the esteem of his townsmen. He married 
Anne Moulton, of Topsham, and has two children, Sarah J. (Mrs D. E. 
Cornish) and Jedde P. ■» 

Jolin H. Coombs, son of Joseph and grandson of Hezekiah, was in the 
hardware business on the old county road, now Lisbon street, just in front of 
the Worumbo Mill, from July, 1852, until 1870, when he moved to Main street, 
and was in trade until 1801. He married Marcia, daughter of Jacob Gould, of 
Lisbon, in 1856, and they have had four children : Bertha, married William 
Parkin; Mamie F., married William Hollis; Cornelia G., and Willie C. Mr 
Coombs is a Free Mason, and a Democrat in politics, and was postmaster under 
Buchanan and Cleveland. He is one of the valuable citizens and reliable 
business men of Lisbon Falls. 

James A. Beats ^ Co., hardware, etc. This firm was formed about 1882, 
and has been a highly esteemed and well-patronized business house. It is 
located on the westerly side of Main street. The pleasant ways and genial 
disposition of Mr Beals made him many friends. 

Elijah. Litflefield, an early settler of Durham, a farmer and shoemaker, took 
up the farm now occupied by his grandson, Samuel Littlefield. He had 
children: George, Abigail, Nancy, Sally, Polly, Uriah. George, in youth, was 
a seaman, later he succeeded to his father's homestead. He was a Free Will 
Baptist, a Democrat, lived to be 84, never used spectacles, and had a remark- 
able memory. He had six sons and six daughters, of whom Samuel, Joseph, 



Town of Lisbon. 465 



Mrs Mary Coombs, tiud Mrs Louisa Patterson now survive. Stephen P. 
Littlefield., son of Uriah, born in Durham, August 18, 1818, has resided at 
Lisbon Falls since 1868, when he opened a public house. In 1871 he built and 
opened the brick hotel, Maine Central house, which he still conducts. His 2"2 
years of hotel keeping make him the veteran landlord of the section. He is 
a Democrat in politics. By his first wife, Pamelia Hodgkins, he has four 
children now living: Mahala (Mrs Amos Penley), Betsey J. (Mrs Harry 
Flynn), Ruth (Mrs Stephen Adams), all living in Minneapolis, and AUura 
(Mrs William Brimijoin), of Lisbon Falls. 

Rev. George Plummer, son of Henry and Weltha (Estes) Plummer, was 
born in Durham, April 7, 1826. He became a member of the Free Baptist 
church when 14, I'eceived license to preach in March, 1856, and was ordained 
December 22, 1861. He has been pastor in Durham, Lisbon Falls, Freeport, 
and West Bowdoin. He has baptized about 60 converts, married 140 couples, 
and attended 400 funerals. Since 1883 he has supplied in various places. In 
1850 he was a member of the legislature. A|)ril 4, 1850, he married Miss 
Almira J. Coffin, and had one son, who became manager of the Waverly 
Publishing Company, of New York. October 20, 1881, he married Mrs Eliza 
Eacott, of Lisbon. He is and has been postmaster for several years, and is a 
promi)t, reliable, energetic man of great popularity. Edward Plummer, his 
brother, was born in Durham, January 4, 1830. About 1850 he came to Lisbon 
Falls and engaged in lumbering and has since followed the business. The 
Worumbo Company bought his mill and property, and he built for them the 
mill which was succeeded in 1872 by the large one now standing. Since the 
organization of the Androscoggin Water-Power Company he has been its 
agent. 

Edward Berry., a native of Falmouth, removed to Lisbon in 1793. He 
married Sybil Brown, of Turner. He carried on tanning at Lisbon Falls until 
1850, then his son, Edward, took the business and continued it until 1887, 
when the tannery was closed. Edward Berry, Jr, was born in Lisbon in 
1827, and has taken part in the administration of town affairs, was selectman 
from 1870 to 1876, justice of the peace since 1883, and in 1890 was appointed 
special agent to take the statistics of manufacture of the productive industry 
of the town. Mr Berry has been engaged in real estate, and dealt more or less 
in cattle. In politics a Republican since the formation of the party, prior to 
that a Whig. His religious preferences are Congregational. 

The Potter family is an early one in this section. During the War of the 
Revolution, Alexander Potter emigrated from Scotland, and married Abigail 
Randall. He settled in Bowdoin and commenced clearing land for a farm. 
He was subsequently killed by a falling tree. Of his four children, Benjamin 
married Betsey Lewis. Their son, Benjamin R., born October 25, 1817, 
married Susan E. Smullen and located on the Joseph D. Smullen place in 



466 History of Androscoggin County. 



Lisbon. Of their 10 children seven survive, and occupy positions of trust and 
usefulness. Joseph S. lives on the home farm; Frank B. resides in Manchester, 
N. H.; John H. is captain of bark William Phillips of New Bedford, Mass.; 
Fred C. is a machinist in Bath ; Charles L., a graduate of West Point, is a 
lieutenant of engineers, and recently ordered to San Francisco; Elizabeth S. 
is a teacher at West Bowdoin; Sara F. teaches at Lisbon Falls. 

Samuel Sylvester, a native of Bowdoin, came to Lisbon Falls in 1883, and 
has been quite conspicuous in its development. He has probably sold more 
lots in this new village than all others. He has also erected many houses and 
owns a large number of tenements, etc. He owns and is developing a valuable 
property of real estate here. He has given much time to Masonry and has 
taken thirty-two degrees. 

Bolvin S. Whitney, born in Lisbon in 1863, learned the jeweler's trade of E. 
A. Will, in Brunswick, and established himself in trade on Main street, at 
Lisbon Falls in August, 1886. He has already built up a fine trade, and with 
his assiduity, courtesy, and winning manners cannot fail to be prosperous. He 
carries a well-selected stock of clocks, watches, jewelry, silver ware, and 
cutlery, guns and hunting equipments, and has quite a trade in bicycles. 

James H. Eaeott, born in Lake Village, N. H., of English parentage, has 
been conducting a dry goods and clothing store since October 25, 1886, in 
Plummer's Block, Oak stieet, Lisbon Falls. He has a fine trade, and his 
courtesy and genial manners cause him to be deservedly popular. 

W. P. Allen established his boot and shoe store on Main street, Lisbon 
Falls, in 1887. 

George W. Sawyer has had a harness shop on Main street, above Co-operative 
Block, for many years. 

Geon/e W. Curt in, M.D., was born in Bowdoin, April 11, 1860. His higher 
education was obtained at Litchfield Academy, and Vermont Medical Univer- 
sity of Burlington, Vt. From the latter he received his medical degree in 1884. 
From the spring of 1882 till that of 1883 he was superintendent of Newport 
Hospital, Newport, R. L, a situation of great advantage to him as a medical 
student. Dr (kirtis made his home here immediately after his graduation. 
He is a member of Androscoggin County Medical Association, and is much 
interested in Free Masonry, belonging to its several organizations up to and 
including the Lodge of Perfection. He is also an Odd Fellow, and a Republi- 
can in politics. 

Walter Corliss, M.D., a native of Hartford, was fitted for college at Hebron 
and Bridgton, attended Bates College, and was graduated from the medical 
department of Dartmouth College in 1884. He began practice in Poland, and 
came to Lisbon Falls, October 24, 1889. 

William S. Cotton, Jr, was born in Lisbon, and is son of William S., of 
Lewiston, and Mary M. (Denham) Cotton, formerly of Bowdoin. He is 



Town of Lisbon. 467 



a Universalist in liis religious views, and a Republican in politics. He was 
supervise)]' of schools in Lisbon five years in succession, a member of the school 
board two years, and selectman one year. He was assistant clerk of the House 
of Representatives in 1885 and 1887, and afterwards became chief clerk to the 
Secretary of State. December, 1890, he resigned this position, and January, 
1891, was elected clerk of the House. 

Fenton Haiyh^ son of John and Hannah Haigh, was born in Kirkburton, 
Yorkshire county, England, came to America in 1866, and commenced work in 
the mills of Edward Harris at Woonsocket, R. I. Here he remained 13 years, 
learned the art of weaving, and became overseer. He came to Lisbon Center 
about 12 years ago, and was in the employ of Deering, Milliken & Co. a few 
years. In 1882 he located at Lisbon Falls, and has been overseer for the 
Worumbo Manufacturing Company from that time. Mr Haigh was chairman 
of the Republican Club during the last presidential campaign, and is a member 
of the Republican town committee. He was one of the originators and charter 
members of the Lisbon Falls Co-operative Association, and its president for 
five years. He is an active member of Ancient York Lodge, No. 155, of Free 
Masons, and belongs to Woonsocket Lodge, No. 10, I. O. O. F., and Palestine 
Encampment, No. 3, of Woonsocket, R. I. 

Charles Emery Judkins, son of Rufus and Sarah Butler Judkins, was born 
in Monmouth, November 18, 1833. He is a Republican in politics, and Free 
Baptist in his religious views. He has been station agent at Lisbon Falls 
for several years. 



408 History of Androscoggin County. 



WEBSTER. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

IncorporatiDii — Elevations, Ponds, and Streaius — Grants, Surveys, and Soil — Settlers — 
Early Roads— Some First Tbin=js — Early Values — First Magistrates— Lawyers — Physi- 
cians —Other Settlers and Descendants — First Town Meeting and Excerpts from Town 
Records — Webster in the Civil War — Civil List. 

THERE is little of ancient history in Webster, its municipal history being 
first that of West Bowdoinham, next of Bowdoin, and later of Lisbon. 
The name Burnt Meadow was applied to it in 1775 or 1776. The town 
of Webster (named in honor of Daniel Webster) was incorporated March 7, 
1840, from "that part of Lisbon north of Davis's south line," and remains 
nearly the same. Mt Sabattus, rising to 814 feet above the sea, Robinson's, 
Hedgehog, and Oak mountains, and Pettengill's and Jordan's hills are the 
chief elevations. Oak mountain is a spur of an elevation passing through the 
town south and on to Durham at Lisbon Falls, and called Lisbon ridge. Lake 
Sabattus has an elevation of 384 feet, an area of four square miles, and is a 
reservoir, its outlet, Sabattus liver, being dammed by a corporation of its mill- 
owners so as to control and ada})t the supply of water. Little river is the other 
l)rincii)al stream. Several small ponds dot the surface of the town. One has 
tiie name of an early settler of Little River, Alexander Sutherland, who 
fractured his collar bone on its banks, while hunting, some years before the 
settlement was made. Webster is nearly five miles square, with an area of 25 
miles, and has Wales and Litchfield on the north, Bowdoin on the east, Lisbon 
on the south, and Lewiston on the west. 

G)'ants, /St(rvi'^.^, Soil, and Settlements. — The Plymouth Company grants 
extend across the town east-southeast to the Kennebec river, and are designated 
by the names of the grantees, Dr Jonathan Davis, Willis Hall, Thompson or 
Stone, Bowdoin, Vaughn, Parker, and Waldo rights. The first survey was by 
John Merrill, of Topsham, March 1, 1775, of four 200-acre lots, north of Suther- 
land's pond. Abel Merrill, Joseph Norris, Solomon Adams, John SmuUen, and 
his son were the earliest surveyors. The soil is of various characters, from 
sand to clay, with admixture of loam and humus, and with alluvial deposits 
occasionally to be found. The greater j)ortion is of excellent quality. 

The first permanent settlement was in 1775, by Robert Ross, from Bruns- 
wick, who built a log house and made a clearing a short distance south of the 
Tobias Weymouth farm, in the central part of the town. John Merrill 



Town of Webster. 469 



surveyed for him a tract of 200 acres, extending northeast 100 rods, and north- 
west a mile, and the stream flowing through this tract has since borne his 
name. Mr Merrill surveyed three other tracts for Samuel Hevvey, William 
Sjjcar, and Robert Hevvey, all of whom came from Brunswick. These 
were adjoining. John Hevvey, brother of Robert, soon came, and they were 
the first to raise apples. In January, 1777, Jonathan, father of Thomas and 
Hugh Weymouth, joined the others, settling on the William J(n-dan farm. 
He later built a saw-mill on the outlet of Sutherland pond. His brother, 
Timothy, soon came from Berwick as a settler, and was a mill-wright. 
Edmund Weymoutli, a brother of Jonathan and Timothy, came here with his 
two sons, Edmund, Jr, and Nahum, from Berwick, Februaiy 12, 1787, when 
48 years of age, and located upon land which he supposed to belong to 
Massachusetts, but owned by the Plymouth Com[)any's grantees, the location 
including the land owned now by his descendants. 

Another local colony was established here by Jesse Davis, who, in the 
performance of the conditions of an agreement entered into by him and his 
paternal uncle, Dr Jonathan Davis, of Roxbury, Mass., a grantee of the 
Plymouth Company, came here in 1780, and began a settlement upon the 
western extremity of an extensive tract of land, mostly covered with the 
original forest, owned by Dr Davis. By the terms of this agreement, Jesse 
Davis ^ was to make a clearing, build a saw-mill, a grist-mill, and suitable build- 
ings for a tavern, and Dr Davis was to convey in fee a considerable tract of 
land, including the im[)rovements, to the nephew, who drove on the stipulated 
work with energy. Soon after coming here, Jesse Davis married Elizabeth 
Wilson, of Topsham, whose children were Jonathan and Rebecca Davis. After 
the death of his wife he married Hannah, daughter of Ca[)tain James Curtis, 
of Brunswick (an officer in the Revolution who came to Webster and died in 
1824), whose child was Rachel Davis (Mrs B. D. Bryent). Early in 1792 Jesse 
had his leg amputated in consequence of a wound he had received in the battle 
of Lexington, and died the same day. Upon the death of Dr Davis, about the 
same time, the agreement was left incomplete, but the property was conveyed 
to the wife and children of Jesse. This colony was in the southwest part of 
the town, and the mills built by Mr Davis were near the southern line, on the 
"fourth power," so-called, of Sabattis river, where the fall of 18 feet is now 
idle. Among the early additions to the Davis settlement were Samuel 
Simmons,^ Seth Hinkley, Phineas and Josiah Jones, James Weeks, Thomas 
and Samuel Tebbetts, Alexander Gray,' Jethro Sanborn, E[)hraim Jordan, and 
Thomas Davies. In 1793 and 1794 came William, Joshua, Daniel, Noah, and 
Jonathan Jordan, William and Jacob True, Phineas Spofford,' John Cushing, 
Abel Nutting,' Nathan Hanson, Moses Brown, and Aaron Dvvinal.' Simeon 
Crockett, Simeon and Silas Hamilton, James Colby, Joseph Wood. William 

1 Soldiers of the Revolution. 



470 History of Androscoggin County. 



Heath by this time had joined this colony and hjcated here or in the central 
part of the town. Timothy and William Higgins, Levi Temple, Benjamin 
Henderson, and Nathaniel Gilpatrick had settled along the east side of the 
Sabattus before 1788, and from 1793 till 1802 came to the town as settlers 
Paul' and John Nowell, Matthew and Benjamin Jordan, James and John 
Wilson, Belcher and Elijah Jones, Samuel and Joseph Deering, Samuel and 
Matthew Libby, Joseph, James, and Thomas Maxwell, John and Nathaniel 
Smith, William and Jonathan Mitchell, John and William Hideout, Robert 
Duncan,' John Henderson, Jonathan Whitney, John McManus, Patrick 
Conner, Samuel Thompson, Daniel Green, Robert Niles, John Farrow, Stephen 
Hibbert, John Gould, Elias Moody, John Gould, Elisha Hanson, Jacob Pettin- 
gill, Samuel Mallett, Zebulon Preble, John Lara, Simeon Ricker,' Abraham 
Frost, James Calef,' Jacob Furbush, Downing Gooding, Nathaniel Sheldon, 
Benjamin Hodgkins, Elias Storer,' Samuel Bennett, Foster Wentworth,' and 
perhaps others. A few of these came direct from Massachusetts, but most of 
them came from the older towns of York and Cumberland counties. Some 
who came after 1800, were Benjamin Donnell, from Bath, whose first wife was 
Rebecca, daughter of Jesse Davis, and whose land was situated westward, a 
short distance from the southern village; Charles White, also from Bath, a 
carriage maker, who married a daughter of the Rev. Jonathan Ellis, of 
Topsham, and whose farm, before owned by William A. Dalton, was near the 
western base of Sabattis mountain. Benjamin Robinson and his son John, the 
brothers Walter Jordan and Isaiah Jordan, Cyrus Marr, and Apollos Miller, all 
from Cape Elizabeth; Asa Johnson, from Andover, Mass.; Jeremiah Moody, 
from Westbrook; one Kenney, living on the hill of that name; one Westcott, 
Benjamin Howard, Hiram Jack, Fairfield Golder, Samuel Torrin, Thomas 
Polly, Edward Brewer from Freeport, John Coffin, Caleb Lord, Lee Gilbert, 
Lemuel Small, Rev. William Frost, Samuel Ramsdell, Solomon and Richard 
Maxwell from Cape Elizabeth, John Vosmus, William Lane, Lewis Cushman, 
and John Sampson, from Bowdoinham. 

Early Roads. — As early as the first settlement, a winter road was opened 
southward to the central parts of the town, known long afterwards as the 
Mast Road, over which were taken the trunks of large white-pine trees to 
the Androscoggin at Little River, thence floated to Brunswick, then drawn by 
teams to Maquoit bay, thence taken by water to Portland and used for masts 
and spars. The first public highways were surveyed by Amos Davis, of 
Lewiston, in June, 1788, under the direction of the selectmen, William Gowell, 
Samuel Tebbetts, and Ebenezer Temple, and were generally along the route of 
rough " bridle paths," previously opened. One of these roads is identified as 
the one extending along the northern part of Lisbon ridge northward by the 
Robert Hewey estate. Over this road for a long period were taken the 

1 Soldiers of the Revolution. 



Town of Webster. 471 



products for exchange in the towns on the Kennebec river, or in those on 
tide-water. In 1843 it became a branch of the Bay liridge Road. At the 
same time another road was made, extending in the inegular line to the few 
scattered locations of the settlers from near the eastern limits of the town, west- 
ward across the Mast Road, in front of the cabin of Thomas Tebbets, onward 
by the house of Timothy Tebbetts, over Davis's mill ])on(l and Davis's north 
line to Clark's Meadow Brook, since called Dwelly's Brook, near the western 
boundary of the town. The town, in 1795, recognized the rugged way they 
had "swamped" over the rocky high land, near their dwellings, from the 
western boundary eastwardly half a mile to its intersection with the road 
surveyed in 1788 by Amos Davis, as a public town way. In 1797 the town 
adopted the road opened by the colonists on the western margin of the town, 
extending from the road just mentioned, northwardly to Wales, and with but 
little variation it is still traveled. In 1806 the town discontinued the road 
from Davis's Mills along the western banks of Sabattis river, fronting upon 
which, eastwardly, were the dwellings of Mrs Davis, Jonathan Jordan, Foster 
Wentworth, William Bucknam, and Russell Hinkley ; another one was located 
50 yards west, and this, with some changes, forms with the road last mentioned 
a continuous line from Lisbon to Wales. 

Some First Things. — In the Inventory of 1792 occurs the first mention of 
the ownership of a horse, when a settler is assessed XG for one and =£4 for 
"sleigh and tackling." The first wagon was brought here in 1805 by Captain 
Nathaniel Eames, and in 1825 Dr Bellows had a chaise. By 1840 the threshing 
machine had been introduced, and a few years later came the horse-rake. 
Benjamin D. Bryent took the first newspaper in 180(5. The first birth was 
that of John Ross in 1788. He died in Wales in December, 1851. 

Earljj Values.— Yvom 1784 to 1792 Jesse Davis sold to 16 settlers 1,480 
acres of land, almost the whole of excellent quality, but forest land, for X534 
sterling, equivalent to ^22,1. The dollar being rated at 45 shillings sterling, 
the price of this land was 16 cents an acre. A resident here is charged, in an 
account in 1789, with sole leather at 20 cents a pound, a side of upper leather 
12, or 90 shillings old tenor ; in 1794 with 240 nails, double tens, 50 cents ; 
tea, $1 a pound; in 1796 with molasses at 75 cents a gallon, salt $1 a bushel, 
coffee at 25 cents a pound; in 1797 with "cotton wool " at 50 cents a pound; 
and is credited in account in 1792, for wheat at |1 a bushel, a horse at -128, 
and "one ox for beef," -$20. 

First Mar/istrates. — The first justice of the peace resident here was Samuel 
Tebbetts, who came from Brunswick and went to Ohio with other settlers to 
permanently reside in the cold year of 1816. Noah Jordan was the next com- 
missioned justice. He came from Cape Elizabeth and owned the mills and 
water privilege improved and built by Jesse Davis. Benjamin Dole Bryent 
was the next commissioned magistrate. He was educated at Exeter (N. H.) 



472 History of Androscoggin County. 



Academy, and later was a merchant in Portland. He came here in 1806, 
married Rachel, daughter of Jesse Davis, and was a life-long resident. Ben- 
jamin Dole Bryent, Jr, Esq., was his son. 

There have been but few lawyers here. Levi Stowell was in practice some 
years from 1819. To him succeeded Samuel Gooch, and later Samuel Moody. 
James Emerson, from Bridgton, was here from 1830 to 1853. Jacob Hill, a 
graduate of Brown University, who had for some years the editorial manage- 
ment of the Portland Advertiser, came here later and was in the practice of 
law with his son. Stetson L. Hill, w^ho is the successor to their firm. Barker 
Curtis, Esq., was a lawyer of Windham for some years from 1807, but did not 
practice while a resident here. 

The early physicians were Dr Ithamar Bellows, who came from Massa- 
chusetts in 1815, Dr Benjamin H. Mace, from New Gloucester, Dr Leach and 
Dr Benoni Cutter. Later have practiced here Dr Dwelly, Drs Daniel and 
Alonzo Garcelon, of Lewiston, and located here have been Dr John A. Carter, 
Dr Frank E. Sleeper, located in Sabatis in 1870, and Dr M. T. Newton, a few 
years since. 

Ephraim Jordan., the first of the name to cross the Androscoggin, came in 
1787 from Cape Elizabeth, and purchased 150 acres from Jesse Davis and 
Samuel Simmons, on which was a small dealing. Here he lived until his 
death, at an advanced age, December 11, 1816, his only son. Captain Thomas 
Jordan, succeeding to his estates. Paul Nowell, born October 24, 1754, with 
his wife located soon after the Revolution in tlie southeastern part of the town 
and was a life-long resident, dying in 1835. His son, Jeremiah, became a 
prominent sea-captain, and commanded the vessel which conveyed Jerome 
Bonaparte and his wife, Elizabeth Patterson, from Baltimore to Europe in 
1805. After 27 years of life at sea he came to Webster and bought a farm of 
Joseph Deering in the east part of the town, married successively Hannah and 
Eleanor Hewey, and died September 5, 1854. 

Among some of the more prominent of early residents not otherwise 
especially mentioned were : Captain Nathaniel Eames and Captain Ithamar B., 
his son, Captain Edward Drinkwater and his son Abijah, Foster Wentworth, 
Apollos Miller, Amos, Orrin, and Albert Dvvinel, William H. Colby, Captain 
Samuel Cushman, Benjamin Howard, Walter and Robert Jordan, Luther L. 
Lombard. Two companies of militia, commanded by Captain Benjamin D. 
Bryent and Captain Samuel True, were called to Bath in tiie War of 1812, and 
Joseph Sanborn, son of Jethro Sanborn, was in active service through the 
war. (His farm is now owned by Edwin Andrews.) Benjamin Day and 
Albert Dvvinel were soldiers of the Mexican War, and John C, son of Major 
William P. Davis, graduated at West Point in 1824 and became an officer of 
the regular army. ^Irij or- General Benjamin Bure/ess, who resided here most 
of liis life, dying however in Durham, was a man of great size and strength. 



Town of Webster. 473 



with most polished, genial, and courteous manners. He was long time deputy 
sheriff and sheriff of Lincoln county, possessed prominence in state affairs, and 
was a presidential elector in 1832. He was a model officer of the militia, 
where his title was acquired. 

James Maxioell came to that part of Webster, now Sabattus village, from 
Cape Elizabeth, nearly a century ago and located on the farm now occupied 
by his grandson, J. Wesley Maxwell. On the rise of land overlooking the 
lake he erected his log buildings, cleared his fields, and was a life-long resident. 
His wife was Nancy Peables, and their children attaining maturity were 
Charles (who lived and died in Poland), William, and James, who is a resident 
of Webster. William, born October 13, 1806, succeeded his father on the 
home farm, married Mary, daughter of Jonathan Davis; their surviving 
children are: Davis (lives in Wales), Charles H. (lives in Auburn), J. 
Wesley, Rebecca, Cedora C. (Mrs Charles F. Smith). Mr Maxwell was an 
industrious and prosi)erous farmer, and dealt quite largely in cattle and land. 
He died in November, 1883. -/. Wesley Maxwell^ son of William and Mary 
(Davis) Maxwell, was born in Webster, September 18, 1841. He had a 
common and high school education supplemented by attendance at Litchfield 
Academy and Maine State Seminary. He is a farmer and surveyor, and has 
been conversant with town and county affairs, and a most useful man in the 
community. As a teacher for 16 winters he thoroughly understands educa- 
tional needs, and for a quarter of a century he has been connected with the 
management of the schools as superintending school committee or supervisor; 
and for 25 years consecutively he has been chosen town clerk, and in all his 
official positions his duties have been faithfully and promptly performed; as a 
Republican he represented his town in the legislature of 1876; he has been 
county commissioner nine 3''ears, and a member of the state valuation 
committee two years. Mr Maxwell is a Free Baptist in his religious views. 
He married, October 17,1869, Clara F., daughter of Joel and Elizabeth (Given) 
Moulton, of Greene. Their children are Lilla M., Mary E., Wendell E., and 
Bertha L. They have a beautiful home on the site of the old homestead. 

Sa7nuel Simmons came to Webster early and bought a lot and built a house 
near Robinson's mountain. He was one of the first school teachers here, had 
much literary culture, and his chirography was very neat and legible. He was 
ver}^ tall, possessed great muscular power, and had served five years in the 
army of the Revolution. He died at Canton. Through his son, John, and 
grandson, Loring, descends Franklin Simmons, the celebrated sculptor, whose 
mother was Dorothea, daughter of William Batchelder, an early resident. 
Franklin Simmons was born in Webster, January 11, 1839, and about 1854 
came to Lewiston, and soon after became assistant paymaster of the Hill Mill, 
where his first modeling was done. He subsequentlj^ opened a studio in 
Lewiston, and made busts of Rev. George Knox, President Champlin of 



474 History op Androscoggin County. 



Waterville College, Hon. Lot M. Morrill, and Professor Packard of Bowdoin, 
and an ideal figure, "The Newsboy," lost in the burning of the Lewiston city 
building. He soon removed to Portland, and executed the monument of 
Governor Dunlap at Brunswick, and the statue of General Berry. He removed 
from Portland to Washington and made busts (among others) of President 
Lincoln, Generals Grant and Meade, and modeled the statue of Roger 
Williams for the state of Rhode Island. The soldiers' monument in Lewiston 
Citv Park, and the statue of Edward Little, in Auburn, were his work. In 
1808 he went to Rome, where, in a six-years' residence, he did much fine work. 
From that date his genius lias had a world-wide celebrity, and his home has 
been principally in Italy. 

Benjamm I). Bryent., -/r, son of a wealthy farmer, was born in Webster, 
August 15, 1815, and died in April, 1887. Educated at Bowdoin and in New 
York, where he became a lawyer, the death of his betrothed made him a 
recluse, and he lived for years in an old house in Webster. Learned in the 
law, in science, in literature, speaking five languages, a graceful writer and 
artist, he chose to live in obscurity. He passed his time in reading and 
in writing fragments of local history, verses, philosophical disquisitions, 
genealogies, etc. He became a tall, old man, with bald head, gray beard, and 
refined face, who dressed neatly, and avoided meat, butter, and grease as food. 
His last request was that his death should be unnoticed, that no plate should 
decorate his coffin, and that his age should not be carved on his grave-stone. 
We are indebted to his work for much of value in our history. 

Firnt Town Mectbifi and Exeerpti< from Town Records. — The first meeting 
was called by Benjamin D. Bryent, justice of the peace, on the application of 
Jonathan B. Jordan, Eben Jordan, James Bryent, Reuben Kimball, Jesse 
Davis, Jonathan Davis, Asa Sawyer, Thomas Jordan, Ephraim Jordan, P. M. 
Garcelon, and William B. Jordan. He directed Thomas Jordan to notify the 
free-holders to meet at the barn of Hugh Weymouth, March 30, 1840, for the 
choice of town officers. John L. Cutter was chosen clerk; Thomas Jordan, 
Joseph Sanborn, and Philip M. Garcelon, selectmen, assessors, and overseers; 
1450 were voted for schools ; 1900 for expenses; -11,400 for highways. April 
16 met at the barn of Phineas Jones. Chose Thomas Fenderson, Philip M. 
Garcelon, and Solomon Maxwell to ascertain the center of the town and the 
most suitable location for a town-house. September 14 voted to set the town- 
house on the road on which Hugh Weymouth lives, near the residence of 
Jonathan McKenney, and that until the town-house be built, all town-meetings 
be holden in Hugh Weymouth's barn. 1841, February 22, a committee was 
chosen to petition the legislature for a separate representation. March 22 the 
limits of eleven school districts were established. 1846, March 23, voted the 
assessors view each person's property and put the value upon the valuation 
book at the full amount of the appraisal. 1847, March 15, voted to build a 



Town of Webster. 475 



town-house as near the Henry Carville school-house as possible, and Thomas 
Henderson, Jesse Davis, and Thomas Jordan chosen to build the house for 
$150, it to be finished by September 1, unless 125 could be saved by deferring 
it another year. August 12 the selectmen fixed the pound-keeper's charges : 
Horses, 24 hours, 42 cents; two-year-old colts, 33 cents; one-year-old colts, 25 
cents; sheep and swine, 24 hours, 10 cents each ; for neat cattle, each, 24 hours, 
20 cents. 

1848, March 15, voted to relinquish any claim against the Sabattus Corpo- 
ration for raising the waters of the pond and flowing the road. June 3 Benoni 
Cutter was licensed to sell wine, brandy, rum, etc. 1854, March 6, voted to 
dispose of the public magazine, lead, etc., and to put movable seats and four 
desks into the town-house. 1856, March 10, voted to furnish guide-boards at 
such road crossings as they deem proper. 1858, June 7, Webster cast 52 votes 
for the prohibitory law of 1858, and 18 for the license law of 1856. 1860, 
March 12, it was voted to relinquish all claim to about -164.12 in the hands of 
Mr Llewellyn Williams, received by him from sales of liquors, and also all 
casks except those having liquors in them. April 21 voted that all buildings 
erected for manufacturing purposes be exempt from taxation. April 19 the 
line between Wales and Webster was perambulated. 1865, March 30, voted 
to issue bonds to the amount of its present indebtedness (or a portion thereof), 
and for the payment of all future bounties to soldiers. 1867, June 3, Webster 
voted unanimously (51 votes) in favor of amending the prohibitory law of 
1858. 1868, September 14, voted (94) in favor of the assumption by the state 
of the war debts of towns, none against. 1870, February 10, voted to fund 
the town debt for 15 years, and to use the bonds coming from the state, for the 
equalization of municipal war debts towards the funding of said debt. 1875, 
January 9, J. W. Maxwell, K. Donnell, and J. G. Jordan were appointed to 
use all honorable means to prevent a dismemberment of the town. 1879, 
September 8, 123 votes were cast for biennial sessions, none against. 1881, 
March 14, the selectmen were instructed to perambulate the line between 
Webster and Lewiston, and cause suitable monuments to be erected. 1887, 
March 14, voted to raise |150 for the support of a free high school, also to pay 
$250 for a road machine; to build, at an expense of |60, a suitable house to 
lodge tramps in. 1891, March 9, the appropriations were: Support of poor, 
1400; common schools, $1 per inhabitant; free high school, $200 ; repair of 
highways, sidewalks, and bridges, $1,000; permanent repairs on school-houses 
and purchase of books, $400; fuel for schools, $100; contingent expenses. 



The state valuation of 1890 was $395,082, with 266 polls. The U. S. 
census of 1890 made the valuation as $432,447, and the population 914. 

Webster in the Civil War. — 1862, June, voted to raise $175 for relief of 
soldiers' families in Webster. July 23 voted to pay each soldier enlisting to 



476 History of Androscoggin County. 



fill the quota of the town (being ten) $100, and a note for 11,000 was made 
and signed by Jonathan Davis, Esq., and 52 others. August 18 voted to raise 
$1,400, to be expended in procuring soldiers to fill the town's quota under the 
President's call for nine months' men and that each man enlisting be paid -flOO, 
and September 2 voted to raise 1800 upon a note signed by Jesse Davis and 
lU others. September 9 -$2,200 additional was voted, and the bounty for nine 
months' men was made |200. 1863, March 9, voted to raise |200 to furnish 
aid to soldiers' families in time of need; and if that sum should prove insuffi- 
cient, the selectmen were authorized to raise the necessary amount by loan. 
November 20 voted to pay $250 to each volunteer to fill the quota to the 
number of 12. 1864, August 1, voted to raise $25 to each man required of 
Webster under tlie President's call of July 18, 1864; and S. L. Hill, Retiah D. 
Jones, and Omar D. Potter be a committee to solicit from all liable to the 
coming draft $40, and that such sum go to the assistance of those who sub- 
scribed, if a draft should take place. August 5 voted the same committee with 
Jesse Davis, Esq., to procure the town's quota. November 19 the same 
committee were directed to procure five volunteers, to be accredited to the 
quota of the town under any future call, and pay the volunteers the necessary 
bounties. According to the list on file in the office of the clerk, $2,686 were 
raised by subscription among citizens liable to a draft. Lieutenant Otis R. 
Colby of the Fifteenth Maine, Joseph P. Work, Company F, Nineteenth Maine, 
Charles Maines, Seventeenth U. S. Infantry, and Charles Robinson, First New 
York Cavalry, who died in service, may not appear in our military history. 

Civil List. — 1840 — Thomas Jordan, Joseph Sanborn, Philip M. Garcelon, selectmen; John L. 
Cutter, clerk. 18il — Philip M. Garcelon, Thomas Jordan, Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen; John L. 
Cutter, clerk. 1842 — Philip M. Garcelon, Thomas Jordan, Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen; John L. 
Cutter, clerk. 1843 — Jesse Davis, Samson Colby, William G. Garcelon, selectmen; Philip M. 
Garcelon, clerk. 1844 — Jesse Davis, Samson Colby, Samuel Cushman, selectmen; Philip M. 
Garcelon, clerk. 1845 — Jesse Davis, Philip M. Garcelon, Melvin Henderson, selectmen; Philip M. 
Garcelon, clerk. 1846 — Jesse Davis, Samuel Cushman, James Mann, selectmen; Philip M. Garcelon, 
clerk. 1847 — Philip M. Garcelon, Weutworth Jordan, James Mann, selectmen; Philip M. Garcelon, 
clerk. 1848 — Je.sse Davis, D. L. Weymouth, J. B. Jordan, selectmen; Philiii M. Garcelon, clerk. 

1849 — Samson Colby, Melvin Henderson, John M. Maxwell, selectmen; Philip M. Garcelon, clerk. 

1850 — Samson Colby, .John M. Maxwell, James Bryant, selectmen; Philip M. Garcelon, clerk. 1851 — 
Samson Colby, John M. Maxwell, James Bryant, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1852 — Samson 
Colby, John M. Maxwell, James Bryant, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1853 — John M. Maxwell, 
James Bryant, Nathaniel Dennett, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1854 — John M. Maxwell, James 
Bryant, Nathaniel Dennett, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1855 — James I>ryant, Nathaniel Dennett, 
Foster D. Wentworth, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. ISSfi — John M. Maxwell, Foster D. Went- 
worth, Uriah Gray, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1857 — Jonathan B. Jordan, Kingsbury 
Donnell, Charles R. Mitchell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1858 — Jonathan B. Jordan, 
Kingsbury Donnell, Charles R. Mitchell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1859 — Jonathan B. 
Jordan, Kingslniry Donnell, James Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1860— Nathaniel 
Dennett, Omar I). Potter, John Whitten, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1861 —Nathaniel 
Dennett, Omar D. Potter, Cyrus Haskell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1862 — Jesse Davis, 
Omar D. Potter, Cyrus Haskell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 18(i3— Jesse Davis, Cyrus 
Haskell, James Hewoy, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1864 — Jesse Davis, Omar D. Potter, 
James Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1865 — Jesse Davis, Omar D. Potter, James 
Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1866 — James Bryant, James Mann, Kingsbury Donnell, 



Town of Webster. 477 



selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 18f)7 — James Bryant, Stetson L. Hill, Arthur Maxwell, 
selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1868 — James Bryant, Stetson L. Hill, Artliur Maxwell, selectmen; 
J. W.Maxwell, clerk. 18(59 —Kingsbury Donnell, John Eaton, George B. Haskell, selectmen; J. W. 
Maxwell, clerk. 1870 — Jonathan B. Jordan, A. Sanborn, Charles E. Garcelon, selectmen; J. W. 
Maxwell, clerk. 1871 — Jonathan B. Jordan, A. Sanborn, Charles E. Garcelon, selectmen; J. VV. 
Maxwell, clerk. 1872 — Jonathan B. Jordan, D. D. Golder, James G. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. 
Maxwell, clerk. 1873 — David Webber, D. D. Golder, James G. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, 
clerk. 1874 — James G. Jordan, Jonathan B. Jordan, Stetson L. Hill, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, 
clerk. 1875 — David Webber, William Jordan, A. Philbrook, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 
1876— David Webber, R. D. T. Philbrook, W. H. Wright, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1877 — 
Jonathan B. Jordan, W. H. Wright, A. J. Larrabee, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1878 — W. 
H. Wright, A. J. Larrabee, R. D. Y. Philbrook, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1879 — W. H. 
Wright, R. D. Y. Philbrook, C. H. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1880 — W. H. Wright, 
R. D. Y. Philbrook, C. H. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1881— R. D. Y. Philbrook, 
A. J. Larrabee, Nelson Haley, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1882 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James 
G. Jordan, Benjamin F. Dennison, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1883 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, 
James G. Jordan, Benj.F. Dennison, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1884 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, 
James G. Jordan, James Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1885 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, 
James G. Jordan, James Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1886— El. D. Y. Pliilbrook, 
James Maxwell, Benjamin P. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1887 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, 
James H. Jordan, Benjamin P. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clei'k. 1888. — Omar D. Potter, 
James H. Jordan, F. L. Sanborn, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1889 — Omar D. Potter, James 
H. Jordan, P. M. Spofford, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1890 — Omar D. Potter, P. M. 
Spofford, Charles Bigelow, selectmen ; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1891 — Omar D. Potter, P. M. Spofford, 
Charles Bigelow, selectmen; J. W. Ma.xwell, clerk. 



CHAPTER XXV. 



Sabattus —Saw and Grist Mills — Niles's Mills— Webster Woolen Company — Traders, 
etc. — Sabattus Co-operative Association — Webster Corner — Farmers — Cliurches — Schools. 

SABATTIS, Sabatis, or Sabattus. '^ — This brisk village is at the foot of the 
lake from which it takes its name, and lies in the northwestern corner of 
the town. Robert Niles at one time owned nearly all the land in the 
vicinity of the village known as Niles's Mills. His saw and grist mills were 
the first, and for many years the only manufacturing industries. At one time 
he owned and operated two saw-mills and a grist-mill. After his death his 
sons, Robert, Jeremiah, Russell, and Hiram, conducted the business until they 
divided the estate. Jeremiah, a joiner by trade, carried on one of the saw-mills 

iThis name, generally supposed to be an Indian one, is in reality a corruption of Jean Baptiste, a 
favorite name among the French Canadians, and given by the early French missionaries to Indian 
converts as a baptismal name. There is no standard orthography for the name as it has been handed 
down to us in its changed form, every one spelling it according to his fancy — Sebattus, Sebattis, 
Sabattis, Sabattus, or Sabatis. The United States authorities named the post-office Sabattus, and this 
spelling some give to the lake and village. Another favorite spelling is Sabatis. 



478 History of Androscoggin County. 



for a while. Jeremiah's son, Joseph M. Niles, has been a harness manufacturer 
since 1857, and is now in company witli his son, Amasa W. The water-power, 
given by a succession of falls, was early ai)preciated, and nearly 100 years ago 
saw and grist mills were built on the fall of 12 feet (called the first privilege) 
by the early settlers, Robert Ross, Robert Niles, and others. They were poor 
affairs, but served the wants of the settlers and lasted many years. They 
were rebuilt in 1844 by Captain John Lombard and Captain Samuel Watts. 
In 1864 John Burt purchased the grist-mill and Reuben Drinkwater the saw- 
mill. In 1881 Retiah D. Jones bought Drinkwater's interest and built the 
grist-mill he now occupies. Burt sold the grist-mill to Given Jamison and 
Luther Lombard, who built a grist-mill and later a cotton mill which passed 
into the ownership of James Hearst, and was sold by David Cowan, his admin- 
istrator, in 1882 to John Harper who commenced woolen manufacture. In 
1888 this also became the property of R. D. Jones, who has allowed it to 
remain unused. Mr Jones has been in business here since 1845. He then 
opened a store which he conducted 28 years, and has since been prominently 
connected with the development of the place. He says that, when he came, 
" two stores, whose owners swapped horses and sold new rum, molasses, and 
tobacco, and the old Niles Mills comprised the entire business interests of the 
place." He now transacts a business of -$25,000 annually. 

Webster Woolen Oompany. — This company has a most advantageous 
location with a water privilege consisting of the entire outlet of Lake Sabattus, 
whose four miles of area is confined and enlarged by a solid dam, and whose 
reservoir can be considerably increased, and two falls of 14 and 12 feet 
respectively. The shipping facilities are also most excellent, the railroad 
running into the yard of the mill. These things combined with the pure 
water, healthfnlness of climate, and other advantages, place this company in a 
situation to make the best possible fabrics and place them readily in the 
market. The mills of this company give employment to about 250 operatives, 
and have done much towards building up the thriving village, and are largely 
owned by capitalists of keen shrewdness and financial ability residing out of 
the state. The mills are large brick structures known as Mill No. 1 and Mill 
No. li. Mill No. 1 was built on a fall of 12 feet, in 1860, by Captain Luther 
Lombard and R. D. Jones, on the site of the old-time saw-mill of John 
Cushing. This was enlarged in 1864 and operated successfully by James 
Hearst, a practical woolen manufacturer of experience and energy but of 
reckless habits and extravagant manner of life. In 1867 Hearst went into 
bankruptcy, and the mill, after passing through the hands of several owners, 
was purchased about 1875 by Robert Bleakie & Co., of Hyde Park, Mass., and 
John S. Bleakie became manager. Good work was done and a successful 
business conducted. July 1, 1889, the Webster Woolen Company was 
organized with 1100,000, and Charles Bigelow, of Boston, an incorporator of 



Town of Webster. 479 



the company, became general manager, and under his personal supervision the 
higli character of the product is maintained and the amount steadily increased. 
The company manufactures fancy cassinieres, using about 3,500 pounds of 
American wool daily. Mill 1^ was built in 18G9 on the second power of 
Sabattus river, on the site of one of the first woolen mills in the county (built 
in 1846 by a Levviston company, among which William R. Frye and Dr Alonzo 
Garcelon were prominent). This was burned in 1856, and in 1869 the present 
mill was built by R. D. Jones. It was conducted by him until 1881 when it 
was purchased by Robert Bleakie & Co., and is now the property of the 
Webster Woolen Company, and operated by it. Two four-feet Rodney Hunt 
water wheels and a 60 horse-power engine furnish power at Mill No. 1, and a 
40 horse-power engine is in use at Mill No. 1^. 180 male and 70 female 
operatives are emplo^'-ed; 150 of them at Mill No. 1, and 100 at Mill li. The 
pay-roll amounts to over $100,000 yearly. Seven months of the year heavy- 
weight goods are made, the product being 7,000 yards f width. During the 
remaining five months, light-weight goods are produced, the product being 
from 8,000 to 9,000 yards f width. Charles A. Amback is superintendent of 
Mill No. 1, and J. Frank Vose of Mill No. 1^. Both are experienced woolen 
workers, and the character of the product is above criticism. This second 
power has a fall of 14 feet, and here was built a saw-mill in 1867 and a man- 
ufactory of "excelsior" was connected with it for some years. J. Frank Vose 
now owns this property, and it does good business both as a saw and giist mill. 

Charles A. Ambaek, son of Frank H. and Caroline Amback, was born in 
Greiz, German3% March 8, 1842, and came to America with his father in 1856. 
He had learned hand-loom weaving before he left Germany, and learned 
power-loom weaving in Pittsfield, Mass. From 1866 to 1873 he worked in the 
Worumbo Mills at Lisbon Falls, and from 1873 to 1875 was foreman of the 
weave-room in the mill at Sabattus under J. S. Bleakie as superintendent, and 
has been superintendent since Mr Bleakie purchased the mill in 1875. Mr 
Amback is an Advent in his religious preferences, an Independent in politics, 
tied to tlie platform of no political party, but supporting the man who will 
best serve the interests of the people. 

Edwin Woodside, son of Calvin and Emily (Whittum) Woodside, was born 
in Wales, June 2, 1840, was educated in the common schools of Wales and at 
the Maine State Seminary. He then taught school two years, traveled in the 
West for four years, lecturing on astronomy. In 1869 he went into trade in 
Sabatis, and has prospered in business and now has three stores, one a grocery, 
hardware, and boot and shoe store, one a drug store, and one a millinery and 
fancy goods store, business amounting to $20,000 a year. He is a Republican 
in politics, and is postmaster. He has been supervisor of schools in Webster, 
and a member of the common council of Lewiston. He married Sarah A. 
Wadlin, of Northport, in January, 1871. They have one son, Tileston. 



480 History of Androscoggin County. 



G. W. Sawyer has been in business in Sabattus for 13 3'^ears. He keeps 
groceries and dry goods, and does over |5,000 worth of business a year. 

Benjamin F. Denniwu, son of Benjamin L. and Lucy (Brown) Dennison, 
of Freeport, was born in that town June 28, 1846. A pioneer of the family, 
who emigrated from England in 1767, located in Freeport early. Mr Dennison 
has been in trade 16 years in Sabattus ; he bought out C. C Crockett, October 
8, 1874, and married Alma Goddard October 18, located at Sabattus and 
commenced business November 23, with a small stock of groceries and 
provisions, and some small wares and fancy goods. He was a good financier, 
a faithful trader, was popular with his customers, and with the aid of his 
capable wife, in five years was able to purchase two building lots, and erected 
a fine residence, store, and stable. Besides conducting merchandising, Mr 
Dennison has been prominent in town affairs, etc. He was appointed post- 
master at Sabattus, November 4, 1885, and continued until June 31, 1890 ; he 
was chosen a director of the Sabattus Mountain Creamery Corporation of 
Wales, in December, 1885, re-elected for four years, was chosen agent in 1886, 
agent and treasurer in 1887, and held these offices until December 25,1889: 
he has also been agent for the village, schools, and had the buildings and 
schools in good working order prior to the adoption of the town system, and 
was an efficient road agent for two years. Mr Dennison is a Democrat in 
politics, a Free Baptist in religious belief, and one of the enterprising, pros- 
perous citizens of the town. 

Sabattus Co-operative Asi^ociatioii was organized October 1, 1886, and incor- 
porated November 3, 1886. It commenced operations with 80 members and 
$1,000 capital, and now carries on trade where it began. The association 
now has about 130 members, and a capital of over 'f4,200. An account of 
stock is taken every six months, and after paying six per cent, on the capital 
stock, a dividend, usually from eight to 13 per cent, is declared to trading- 
members on the amount of their purchase. M. C. Webber was general super- 
intendent of the store until 1891. There are several other business houses, 
two physicians (Frank E. Sleeper, M.D., located here in 1870 — see page 255), 
one lawyer, two churches, a good grammar and primary school, masonic and 
other societies, a railroad station, and several pleasant residences. Three 
religious organizations. Free Baptists, Adventists, and Roman Catholics, hold 
regular meetings. 

Wehater Corner (Webster post-office) is near the south line of the town, 
where legislation has taken a small square from Lisbon to add to Webster, and, 
in the early settlement, was the center of business, its post-office in 1826 
having the third amount of receipts in the county — i|53. Here is the fourth 
power of Sabattus river, and on its magnificent fall of 18 feet Jesse Davis, in 
1780, built the first saw and grist mills of the town. While the town was 
being settled, and while manufacturing was carried on, business activity was 



Town op Webster. 481 



considerable, but the power is unapplied to any use, and the railroad did not 
come nearer than Lisbon, and there is now but a small liamlet with one store. 
A meeting-house was built here in 1827 by the Baptists and Universalists. It 
later came into possession of the Ijaptists, whose society was composed of 
members from Lisbon and this part of Webster, but no religious services have 
been regularly held by this society for many years. The Spiritualists have 
quite an active organization with services held regularly. 

Among the resident farmers in the southwest part of the town who are 
worthy of mention are: Kingsbury Donnell, who has been prominent in town 
affairs, justice of the peace, selectman for many years, and often chairman of 
the board, and Omar D. Potter, father of Colonel Noel B. Potter, county 
treasurer, who has also served long on the board of selectmen and is the 
present chairman, which position he has held since 1888. He also represented 
the town in the legislature of 1872. 

Jerry Crowle// iSpoford, son of Calvin and Lydia A. (Wentworth) Spofford, 
is a native of Webster, as were his parents. He is grandson of Phineas 
Spofford, who came to Webster some time prior to 1788, and settled on the 
farm now occupied by his grandson, Phineas M. Spofford,^ and great-grandson 
of Foster Wentworth, who settled in Lisbon about 1791, on the farm now 
owned by John L. Davis. He is a Republican in politics. He has taught 
school, been a member of the school committee, is a member of Lewiston 
Grange, No. 2, and one of the enterprising farmers of his town. 

Frank L. Sanhorn, son of David S. Sanborn, late of Wales, is a farmer 
and fruit grower. He occupies the farm about one mile southerly of Sabattus, 
on the road leading to Lisbon. His grandfather, Benjamin, purchased tliis 
farm about 00 years ago, of Samuel True, an early settler and captain of a 
militia company in the War of 1812. Since its purchase the farm has been in 
the Sanborn family. Mr Sanborn is one of Webster's energetic and valuable 
citizens. 

Beacon Samuel Cotton BuJcer, of Webster, is a native of Bowdoinham, where 
his parents, Caleb and Lydia (Coombs) Buker, were born. He married Sybil 
Cook, of Madrid. The Buker and Cook families were early settlers of 
Bowdoinham and Madrid. Deacon Buker is a Republican in his politics, and a 
Free Baptist in his religious preferences, and has been deacon of the church of 
that denomination for several years. He is a "tiller of the soil," and has a fine 
farm, in excellent condition, having a good water supply and a large fruit 
orchard. It is conveniently situated for church and post-office, either at 
Webster or Sabatis. Mrs Buker died October 0, 1887. Their children are : 
Malcom F., married Susie Cole, of Gardiner, and resides on the farm; Marshall 
D. (dec.) ; Fred M., was educated at Bates College ; and Eva F., a teacher. 

1 Three of this family, Sergeant David Spofford, Moody and Greeuleaf Spofford, privates, were in the 
War of 1812. 



482 History of Androscoggin County. 



WiUard M. RoUnson, born in Webster in 1841, is fifth in descent from 
Bryant Robinson, who came from the north of Ireland and settled in Bath, in 
1738. John and William came in 1805, and settled on the farm now occupied 
by WiUard M., who manied Mary A. Jenkins, of Wales. Their daughter, 
Ano-ie L., was born in 1867. Mr Robinson is a Republican in politics. Besides 
the management of his farni, he does considerable carriage painting and repair- 
ing. He is a member of and an active supporter of the Grange. 

Herhert J. CarviU, son of Ezra R., and Dorcas A. (Jordan) Carvill, was 
born in Wales, in 1855. When he was three years old his parents moved to 
Lewiston, where they now reside, and Mr Carvill remained until he was 20 
years old, liaving the benefit of its educational advantages. He then attended 
J^itchfield Academy, and took a four years' course at Kent's Hill, teaching 
school winters. He married Addie A. Campbell, of Litchfield Corners, and 
now carries on a farm and teaches school winters. He is a Republican 
politically, was collector and treasurer of Webster from 1884 to 188U, and in 
1891. In 1890 he was chosen chairman of the superintending school com- 
mittee. He is secretary of South Lewiston Grange. 

Baptist Church. — This cluirch was constituted with twenty members as 
the fruits of the occasional ministry of Elders Potter and Macomber in 1794. 
At a town meeting held November 7, 1796, the clerk recorded: "It was voted 
to support the gospel agreeably to law in the Baptist order. Twenty-six votes 
of the Baptist order, eight votes of the Congregational order." In 1822 this 
church had lapsed and a new organization was demanded. The following 
application was made : 

To Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., one of the Justices of the Peace for the County of Lincoln: 

Sir: We, the subscribers, being desirous of incorporating ourselves into a parisb or 
religious society, humbly request you to issue a warrant to some one of our number 
directing him to notify the remainder of us to meet at some suitable place for the purpose 
of incorporating ourselves into a parish or religious society to be known by such name and 
style as we shall hereafter see fit to adopt. Dated at Lisbon this 6th day of September, 
1822. Samuel Bearing, Peter Garcelou, Dennis Deariug, Joshua Jordan, Robert Jordan, 
Joshua Robinson, Valentine Jordan, John Gushing, Jeremiah A. Niles, William Eaton, 
Samuel True, Mark Garcelon, Charles Farrow, Edward Drinkwater, John Ross, Sewell 
Farrow, Thomas Alexander, Joshua Flaley, Reuben Farrow, Asa Sawyer, Josepli R. Niles, 
WiUiam Golder, Jr, Aaron Hamilton, Samuel Ramsdell, John D. Ricker, Solomon Bangs. 

September 18, in accordance with this request. Esquire Mace issued a 
warrant to Samuel True, directing him to notify the remainder of the 
applicants to meet at some suitable time and place. Mr True named the 
school-house in District No. 6 as the place, and Saturday, September 21, as the 
time. At the meeting it was decided to adopt the name of the First Baptist 
Religious Society in Lisbon. John Ross was chosen moderator, and Samuel 
True, clerk. The meeting then adjourned to September 30. At the adjourned 



Town of Webster. 483 



meeting, Peter Garcelon, Edward Drink water, and John Ross were elected 
assessors; Samuel True, treasurer; Mark Garcelon, collector; Joshua Haley, 
John Ross, and Samuel True, standing committee. It was voted to raise ilGO 
for the support of the gospel for one year from the first of January next. Peter 
Garcelon, Joshua Robinson, and Samuel True were instructed to draw a plan 
for a meeting-house, and present it to the society on Monday, October 28, 
when the plan was presented, and Captain Edward Drinkwater chosen 
auctioneer to sell the pews. Pew No. 30 was struck off to Thomas Alexander 
for -137.50; No. 12 to Samuel Bearing, .^37; No. 28 to Joshua Haley, |36; 
No. 34 to Reuben Farrow, 140; No. 32 to John Gushing, |37; No. 10 to 
Sylvanus Dyer, -^36; No. 14 to Samuel Ti-ue, i37; No. 16 to James McFarlind, 
137; No. 8 to William Jordan, -f 36 ; No. 26 to Valeutiue Jordan, $36; No. 24 
to Samuel Dearing, $35 ; No. 6 to Joshua Robinson, -132 ; No. 4 to Robert 
Jordan, |30; No. 15 to John Gushing, $27; No. 40 to Elias Merrill, $27; No. 
39 to Jacob Anderson, $27; No. 38 to John Gushing, $30; No. 33 to John 
Ross, $25; No. 17 to John Farrow, $27; No. 11 to Edward Drinkwater, $30; 
No. 9, to William Eaton, $33. Thomas Alexander, John Ross, Samuel 
Dearing, and Samuel True were chosen a committee to superintend the 
building of the meeting-house. Later in the same year, pews were sold to 
Aaron H. Mills, Samuel True, William Golder, John D. Ricker, Simeon Ricker, 
Peter Garcelon, Samuel Dearing, and Henry Hamilton. 

The meeting-house, finished in 1824, was built of wood and stood upon an 
elevation in the northwest part of the town about one mile from Sabattus 
village, and was used for religious purposes until 1870. This society was the 
First church until 1836, wlien it was. re-organized as Lisbon Corner church, and 
in 1843 as the Second Webster church. Its early days, under Rev. Ichabod 
Temple and Elder Cole, from 1797 to 1806 when Mr Tein})le resigned, were its 
most prosperous ones. In 1817, Rev. Daniel Pierce was licensed, and in 1819, 
ordained. Rev. James Stuart, Elder Pierce, Rev. S. Owen, and Rev. Mr 
Hooper officiated here until 1825, but the records are not explicit as to time 
or length of labors. For the next decade only occasional preaching was had, 
then Rev. Jotham Day, and later. Rev. A. Lothrop, rendered valuable service. 
In 1843 the membership was 43. A new meeting-house was built in 1856, in 
a beautiful location in Sabattus village, and Rev. Leander S. Tripp became 
pastor. The last regular pastor was Rev. Erwin Dennett, but Rev. Robert 
Scott, of Greene, lield services until the church lost its visibility some years 
since. The meeting-house has been occupied by the Adventists since the 
formation of their society in 1885. 

The Free Baptht>i have possessed quite a strength here. February 12, 1831, 
19 of the brethren and sisters of the village of Sabattus met and made choice 
of Elder Jonathan Tracy as moderator, and James VV^eymoutli secretary. They 
voted to be embodied into a cliurcli, and on March 5 the right lumd of fellow- 



484 History of Androscoggin County. 



ship was extended by Elder Thorn, and James Weymouth was elected clerk; 
David Graffam and Samuel Maxwell were chosen deacons. Voted to hold 
monthly conferences the second Saturday in each month. These persons were 
formed into a church: James Weymouth, Mary Weymouth, Samuel Maxwell, 
Aaron H. Niles, Betsey Niles, Timothy Jordan, Mrs C. A. Jordan, William 
Eaton, Philenia Eaton, Sally Dyer, Anna Mitchell, Lucy Lowell, Stephen 
Lake, Anna Gushing, David Stewart, Jemima Hobbs, Malinda Lake, Julia 
Wright, David Graffam, Betsey Graffam, Abigail Richardson, Isaac Stewart, 
Samuel Lane, Charles Maxwell, Lovina Maxwell, Nancy Maxwell, and 18 
others (names not recorded). In 1840 a fine meeting-house was built and a 
bell was later added by the generosity of Captain Luther Lombard. Regular 
services have been maintained and some resident pastors have been employed, 
but of late years most of the preaching has been done by students of Cobb 
Divinity School of Bates College. The following have ministered to this 
church: Jonathan Tracy, Mark Getchell, Allen Files, Gideon Perkins, William 
Gowell, Albert Purington, Isaac Libby, Moses Tarbox, Asa F. Hutchinson, 
Levi Brackett, James Boyd, Albert Heath, William Stinson, Andrew Buck, 
E. G. Eaton, Lewis Dexter, H. J. White, C. L. Frost, H. Z. Besse, Ira Emery, 

E. S. Stackpole, Josiah M. Remick, C. C. Foster, W. H. Gatchell, E. Z. 
Whitman, W. P. Curtis, and B. S. Fifield. Tlie present membershi}) is about 
45. Samuel C. Buker is deacon, and Charles H. Maxwell, clerk. 

Schools. — Samuel Simmons was one of the first to give elementarj^ instruc- 
tion, and he was followed by well educated members of the Fames family. 
Joseph Sanborn, a rigid disciplinarian, taught that "order was Heaven's first 
law " ; Rachel Davies, Mary Ellis, and Paulina Ann Bryent, daughter of 
Benjamin D. Bryent, Sen., who had acquired many accomplishments at a 
Portland school, also Reuben Rand, of Lewiston, were among the educators in 
the days of Auld Lang Syne. In 1888 the town system was adopted. During 
the spring and fall of 1890 there were kept the following schools : Village 
Grammar, Village Primary, Fisher, Jordan, Furbush, Center, Maxwell, 
Mountain, Ricker ; in the winter of 1890-91 — Village Free High, Village 
Primary, Fisher Free High, (H. J. Carvill, teacher,) Jordan, Center, Furbush, 
Ricker, Mountain, Maxwell. An evening school, under the charge of Prescott 
Keyes, Jr, teacher of the Village High School, was largely attended. This 
gave the mill operatives an opportunity for education, of which they gladly 
availed themselves. The superintending school committee were H. J. Carvill, 

F. L. Sanborn, J. C. Spofford. The school census of 1890 shows 273 scholars 
in town between the ages of 4 and 21 years. The attendance of each term has 
been as follows : Spring term 185, with an average of 152. Fall term 204, with 
an average of 16L Winter term 175, with an average of 147. The above 
attendance does not include the Webster corner scholars who attended the 
Lisbon schools. 



Town of Wales. 485 



WALES. 

By John C. Fogg, Esq. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

Organization — Surface and Soil — Settlements and Settlers — Churches — Schools — 
Water-powers, Llills, and Manufactures — Civil List and Town Records — Action in the 
Rebellion. 

ORGANIZATION. — This town, including Monmouth, was known prior to 
1792 as the plantation of Wales. At that date the northern portion was 
set off and incorporated as Monmouth. In April, 1803, the remainder was 
incorporated as the plantation of Wales, and chose as its first officers, Joseph 
Small, Enoch Stroiit, and John Andrews, assessors, and Joseph Small, clerk. 
At its first meeting $50 were voted for plantation expenses, $150 for schools, 
and a like sum for roads. February 1, 1816, the town of Wales was incor- 
porated, and at the first meeting Joseph Small, David Plummer, and Arthur 
Given were chosen selectmen and assessors, and Joseph Small, town clerk. In 
1851 a small portion of Leeds and Monmouth, which includes the territory 
around Leeds Junction, was annexed to Wales, and prior to this date a portion 
of Litchfield, consisting of one tier of lots, had been annexed to Wales on the 
east. The settlers acquired the title to their lands from proprietors who held 
under the old Plymouth Company, that owned a strip ten miles wide on each 
side of the Kennebec. 

Surface and Soil. — The surface is quite broken. There is an elevation of 
land in the southern portion, extending into Webster, 814.5 feet above the sea, 
as determined by the U. S. coast survey, which has a station here. This 
mountain affords an extended and fine view of the surrounding country. 
With a good glass Portland can be seen from its summit. This elevation is 
Sabattis mountain, the name (as also that of Lake Sabattis, west of it) being 
taken from a noted Indian chief (according to tradition) killed in battle by 
Captain Church at the head of this lake, and his body buried near the pond. 
Other authorities sa}^ his body was thrown into the lake. This mountain has 
a cave on its eastern slope which never has been fully explored. It was 
formed, evidently, by some convulsion of nature, which separated the rock, 
leaving a cavity in places as large as a large-sized room, but very irregular in 
shape. Its discovery was made by early settlers while in pursuit of a bear, 
which took refuge in its dark recesses. Some fine specimens of red ochre are 



486 History of Androscoggin County. 



found here. Iron ore is found in this mountain. The soil of Wales is good, 
well adapted to the growing of corn, potatoes, grains, and grass. 

SeftJements and Settlers. — There is some uncertainty as to the first settle- 
ment. Some authorities place it in 1773, while others say a few years later. 
From the best information obtainable, the writer is of the opinion that James 
Ross was the first settler, coming from Brunswick about 1778. He settled on 
the western slope of Sabattis mountain, where he resided until his death. This 
farm was occupied by his son-in-law, Isaac Witherell, until his death, August 
15, 1890, at the age of 80 years, and is now owned and occupied by Isaac M. 
Witherell, only son of Isaac. Patrick Kernan came next, in 1779, and settled 
in the eastern part. It is not known from where he came, but his name 
suggests Irish extraction. Reuben Ham, Jonathan and Alexander Thompson 
came from Brunswick about 1780, and took up places in the north part; the 
former the farm where Isaac Ham died, February 24, 1891 ; it is now occupied 
by his daughter, Mrs Beckler. Benjamin and Samuel Weymouth, James, 
Stephen, and Thomas Gray, and William Remick came between 1780 and 
1785. Richard Thompson moved from Brunswick in 1786, and settled in the 
north part of the town, on the farm now occupied by Widow Robert Sawyer. 
Stephen and John Andrews came from Brunswick in March, 1788, and located 
near Richard Thompson's. Richard and James Labree came in 1789 and 
settled on the farm south of John Andrews, subsequently owned by Daniel M. 
Labree, son of James, who died in November, 1803. It is now owned by 
Daniel P. Boynton, but it is unoccupied. One of D. M. Labree's daughters 
married Laurel G. Thompson and resides on a lot taken from the south side of 
the farm. John Andrews came prior to 1789. His farm is now owned by his 
grandson, John C. Andrews. John Ham and his sons, John, Samuel, Clement, 
and Reuben, came from York county about 1790, and took farms in the west 
part, on what was later called the Pond road. John settled on the farm after- 
wards owned by Joshua Hanscom, Benjamin Vining, J. W. Foss, A. F. Strout, 
Isaac Gatchell, and now occupied by Joseph Wight, but soon removed to the 
farm now owned by Orestus A. Bronson, near Leeds Junction. Clement 
settled on the farm now owned by Hugh Mottram, and soon removed to 
Greene. Reuben settled in the northwesterly corner, and was killed by a 
falling tree in 1808. 

Joseph Small and Bartholomew Jackson came from Limington in 1791. 
Mr Small settled on a farm near the center of the town, which was subse- 
quently owned by liis son, Isaac S. Small, now by T. W. Ham, a son-in-law of 
Isaac S. Small. Mr Small had eight sons and five daughters, one son and two 
daughters now living. He was prominent in plantation and town affairs, and 
served as plantation clerk 13 years, town clerk 19 years consecutively, and 
selectman and treasurer several years. Isaac S., his oldest son, who lived and 
died on the homestead, held various town offices, also the positions of surveyor- 



Town of Wales. 487 



general of the state, inspector of the state prison, and was a member of the 
executive council. He was extensively engaged in land surveying in the 
northern section of the state for many years, and was a director of the Mon- 
mouth Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Mr Small had a son and a daughter. 
The son died young. The daughter (Mrs T. W. Ham) resides on the home- 
stead. Joel, son of Joseph, settled on the farm adjoining that of his father on 
the north, and for many years was engaged in ship-building as master builder 
for parties in Gardiner, Pittston, and Dresden, and largely for the Coopers of 
Gardiner. He represented Wales in 1843 and 1844, and subsequently moved 
to East Somerville, Mass. After several years he returned to Wales, where he 
died in 1886 at the residence of his son-in-law, John C. Fogg, at the age of 91 
years. His wife was 91 years old at her death, and survived him four years. 
Joseph settled in Newport, where he died several years since. Daniel, a Baptist 
minister, preached in Thomaston and other places in Maine, moved to Wis- 
consin and then to Kansas, where he died in 1872. Otis was a brick mason, 
contractor and builder for some years in Bangor, and later removed to St John, 
N. B., where he was engaged extensively in building and running steamboats 
from the St John's. Alvin E. Small was the most widely known of this 
family. He was born in Wales, March 4, 1811, became a homoMipathic physi- 
cian, settled in Philadelphia, Pa., and moved from thence to Chicago, where 
he died some two years ago. He deserves the credit of having worked his 
way unaided to the eminent position he occupied. He traveled extensively in 
Europe, wrote several medical works (some of which have been translated 
into German), contributed largely to leading medical journals, and occu[)ied 
for man}^ years the chair of theory and practice in Hahnemann Medical Col- 
lege of Chicago. He was the first native of Wales who became a phvsician. 
William is a merchant and resides in Fort Fairfield. George died you no-. 
Two daughters, Hannah Given and Mary Moody, are yet living. 

Joseph Murch came from Gorham, Me, in 1792, and settled on a farm near 
Joseph Small's, subsequently owned by Joel Small. His house and three 
children were destroyed by fire. This is the only house known to have been 
burned in Wales. John Larrabee came from Scarborough about 1792, and 
settled on the farm now owned by Joseph W. Sawyer. He had four sons; 
Stephen and John settled in Bath and engaged in ship-building, Philip and 
Daniel settled in Wales and were engaged for a number of years in cutting 
ship-timber in Virginia and Marjdand. 

Daniel and Ebenezer Small came from Limington in 1793, and settled near 
the center of the town. Charles Collins afterward settled on Eben Small's 
farm. Daniel was the father of Joseph, and his place adjoined his son's on the 
south. At the age of 19, while living with his parents at Castine, he was taken 
captive by the Indians, held by them 11 months, and sold as a prisoner to a 
French colonel at Quebec, where he remained until its capture by General 



488 History of Androscoggin County. 



Wolfe. David, Adron, and Tsaiali Jenkins settled in the northeastern part of 
the town, on farms now occupied by their descendants. Isaac S. Jenkins lives 
on the farm of David, and the family of Lawson W. Jenkins on the farm of 
Isaiah. David came from Monmouth in 1703. He had 13 children, but one of 
whom now resides in Wales. Two of the sons, Samuel and Abner, served in 
the War of 1812. Isaac S. Jenkins had one son, Hiram, in the Union army 
during the Rebellion. He died in service, October 19, 186-1. James Clark and 
James Wilson settled in the northwestern part of the town in 1798, Clark on 
the farm now owned by his son llobert H. on the Pond road. 

Captain Enoch Strout came from Limington in 1790 or 1797, and settled on 
the farm now owned by his grandson, Charles W. Strout. He was a soldier in 
the War of the Revolution and the first militia captain chosen in town. His son 
William served in the War of 1812, and subsequently settled on a farm near 
the center of the town, north of Joel Small's farm. This farm is now owned 
by Robert C. Jones. The Joel Small farm is now owned by A. M. Donnell. 
Sewall C. Strout, son of Eben Strout and grandson of Enoch, is a native of 
Wales, who occupies a prominent position at the Cumberland bar. Joshua 
Adams came from Gorham and cleared the farm now owned by Luther D. Ricker. 
Luther and Wentworth Lombard moved from Gorham and settled in the 
central part of the town on the farm now owned by Almond Lombard. 
Matthew Higgins came fi'om Gorham in 1798, and settled on the farm now 
owned by Luther Lombard and Walter E. Webster. Joseph Foss came from 
Scarborough in 1799, and settled on the farm now owned by Joseph Wight, 
lived there several years, and probably died there. Obed Hobbs, Simonds 
Gatchell, Benjaniin Tibbets, and Elijah Morton came about 1797 and settled in 
the central part of the town. 

William Given came from Brunswick in 1798 and took up a farm in the 
western part, lived for some years in a log house, and then built a large two- 
story house and occupied it until his death, after which it was owned by his 
son Philip. Of William's 11 children none are living. One of his sons, 
William, was a soldier in the War of 1812. One of his daughters married 
Captain John Lombard, who was a successful ship-master for many years, and 
died in Gardiner. Another daughter married a sea-captain. Philip, who lived 
on the homestead, had four sons and one daughter. The sons have followed a 
seafaring life to some extent. The oldest son. Freeman L., was master of a 
ship for many years. The daughter now lives in Monmouth. The farm is now 
owned by Orville S. Jones. Arthur Given, Sen., came from Brunswick in 
1798, and opened the first public house in town on the farm adjoining his 
brother's on the south. He was appointed the first postmaster, and held the 
office so long as he was competent to perform its duties. His son, Arthur, was 
then appointed to the office and held it during his active life. His daughter 
Elizabeth was his successor and held it till her death, and after an interval 



Town of Wales. 489 



of two years Mrs Hattie L. Given, the present incumbent, was appointed. 
The office has been kept continuously in the dwelling-house of Arthur Given, 
Sen., since the mail route was established. Arthur Given, Jr, had three sons 
and one daughter. Lincoln and Arthur are Free Baptist ministers. Arthur 
is a graduate of Bates College. John was station agent on the Maine Central 
Railroad at Lewiston for many years. 

John and James VVitlierell came from Berwick in 1800. James settled in 
the eastern part of the town. John settled on the farm now owned by R. C. 
Jones. John was a quartermaster in the Revolution. He had 12 children, 
and his youngest son, Rufus, is now living (1890) on Monmouth Ridge. Rufus 
and Daniel Marr, brothers and carpenters, came from Scarborough in 1800. 
Rufus settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Henry S. Marr. He 
had three sons and three daughters. Henry, who succeeded his father on the 
homestead, had two sons, Henry S. and Frank E., who now occupy the place. 
Daniel Marr located on what was known as the John Whittum farm, now 
owned by William T. Dingley. Joseph Maxwell, came from Cape Elizabeth 
about 1800, and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Daniel A. 
Maxwell. Joseph erected the first grist-mill in town, on a small stream near 
his farm-house. Four of his sons settled on farms near the homestead. 

Benjamin Fogg came from Scarborough in 1800 and settled on the farm 
now owned by John C. Fogg. He had two sons and one daughter. William 
succeeded his father on the homestead, and C. M. was a blacksmith, and settled 
near his father. William had four sons; two died young ; John C. occupies the 
home farm, and George W. lives near. Ephraim, brother of Benjamin, came 
later, and settled on the farm where Ira Alexander now resides. He had 
foui' sons (all carpentei's) and four daughters. William Fogg, a cousin of 
Benjamin, came from Scarborcnigh in 1800, settled on the farm with Benjamin, 
and later moved to the farm where Hugh Mottram now lives. This farm was 
successively owned by Alvan and B. S. Fogg, sons of William. Alkana Spear 
came here about this time, but soon moved away. 

Captain Harding Lombard came here from Cape Cod, Mass., about 1795, 
and settled in the southeast part of the town adjoining the farm now owned 
by J. W. Sawyer, on the south. Captain Lombard had three sons and two 
daughters. The sons followed the sea for many years. John, the oldest, was 
a very successful ship-master, and settled on the farm now owned by Alden 
Moulton. Luther, the second son, was also a successful ship-master, and 
settled in Webster. Harding, the youngest, followed the sea as mate for many 
years. He never married. John had four sons and four daughters. His 
oldest son, John E., is a ship-master. Hugh Gatchell came about this time and 
settled on the farm now owned by the heirs of James Mann. He had two 
sons and two daughters. Smith Ricker came about 1800 and settled on the 
farm now occupied by his son-in-law, Joseph G. Bragg. He had three sons 



490 History of Androscoggin County. 



and three daughters, all now dead except one daughter. Shadrach Dixon 
came about this time and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, 
Nelson G. Dixon. Ernest S. Dixon is a great-grandson. James Maxwell 
came about the same time, settled on the farm now occupied by Jesse Austin. 
He had a family of two sons and two daughters. 

Abraham Jewell, about 1803, settled on the farm now owned by his son. 
Nelson S. George Foss, of Scarborough, in 1804 settled on the place now 
owned by J. W. Kicker. After a few years he sold to Major Josiah Libby, 
who opened a public house, which he maintained for many years. This was 
one of the stopping places on the stage route from Portland to Augusta by 
way of the South West Bend in Durham. This farm was subsequently owned 
by F. C. Marr, Joel Small, Harrison Ham, Joseph C. Wright, Andrew J. 
Given, and now by J. W. Kicker. This house was extensively known as the 
Major Libby Tavern. Nathaniel Chace came from Brunswick about 1805 and 
settled on the farm now owned by Hugh Mottram. Anthony Woodside came 
from the same town about 1806, and settled on the farm north of the Chase 
farm, where his grandson, George Woodside, now resides. He had five sons 
and one daughter; one son, B, F. Woodside, was a graduate of Bowdoin 
College in 1840, studied law and [)racticed in Boston until his death in 1890. 
Anthony, Jr, also graduated from Bowdoin College in 1840, and studied 
medicine, but died early. Calvin lived on the farm of his father. He had 
five sons and three daughters. One of the sons, Albert, is now a physician 
in St George. Edwin is a merchant at Sabattus, and Elbridge is in business 
in Lewiston. William Swett came from Brunswick about 1806 and settled on 
the farm now owned by Almond Lombard. One of his sons, Ebenezer, lived 
for some years on the homestead, and followed butchering in connection with 
farming. He afterwards moved to Brunswick, where he devoted his time to 
butchering and retailing meats, in which he was quite noted. James Swett, 
brother of William, came at the same time and settled on the farm now 
owned by K. C. Jones. 

Josiah Ijibby came from Scarborough about 1807 and settled on the farm 
now owned by J. W. Kicker. He kept a public house for many years, was a 
major in the militia and a town officer for many years. He returned to Scar- 
borough after he ceased to do business, and died there. David Plumer came 
from Gorham in 1808 and settled on the farm adjoining that of Benjamin Fogg 
on the south. This farm is now divided and owned by Luther Lombard and 
Walter E. Webster. Mr Plumer was a tanner and shoemaker as well as a 
farmer, trades that in those early days were pursued by the same person to a 
great extent. He was one of the first justices of the peace, if not the first 
one, in town. He was also one of the earliest municipal officers of the town. 
He had a large family, but his children are dead and none of his descendants 
are residents of Wales. Joshua Hanscom came from Scarborough about 1810 



Town of Wales. 491 



and settled first on the farm now occupied by Joseph Wight, then removed to 
the farm where John W. Strout now resides, and died there. He had five sons 
and two daughters. James Taylor came from Lewiston about 1810 and settled 
on the farm now owned by Hiram F. Frost. He was a soldier in the War of 
1812. His father, Thomas, was a soldier in the Revolution. Enoch N.Taylor, 
son of James, settled in the eastern part of the town, where his widow and 
one daughter now reside. Two of his sons, Edwin and Samuel W., served in 
the war of the Rebellion. Samuel Libby came from Scarborough about 1810, 
and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Llewellyn S. Libby. 
Mr Libby had a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters. Seth 
Libby had one son, Llewellyn S., in the Union arm}' during the Rebellion. 
David Dunning came from Brunswick in 1810 and settled on the farm now 
owned by Fred C. Collins. John Hamilton came about that time and settled 
on the farm now owned by Davis Maxwell. He carried on (juite an extensive 
business tanning and shoemaking. He had three sons and two daughters. 
John and Hiram were captains in the militia. Hiram was commander of a 
company in the Aroostook War. Moses Sanborn moved into town about this 
time, and settled on the farm now owned by Robert Carlton, aiul died there. 

In 1815 James Hodsdon came from South Berwick and settled on the farm 
now owned b}'^ his son, Oliver, on the eastern slope of Sabattis mountain. He 
was a soldier of the Revolution. He had four sons and six daughters. His 
son Benjamin, who resided on the hoiuestead, had two sons who were soldiers 
in the Rebellion. Both were wounded, and one died in service. Another 
lives and draws a pension. LIugh Owen moved into town (the date not 
known) and settled on a lot south of Hiram Foss's farm. He had four sons 
and three daughters. His son Thomas settled in Leeds. David settled in 
Wales on the farm now owned by Charles Webster. James lived many years 
in Waterville and engaged in milling to some extent. William settled in 
Bath. David had two sons, one of whom, Cyrus L., first learned the black- 
smith trade, then went to manufacturing moccasins. The other, Josiah, 
commenced work for the Maine Central Railroad at the time it was built, and 
is in the employ of the company now. He has been conductor on the Dexter 
branch since its completion, a continuous service of some 40 years. 

Simon Libby came from Scarborough about 1824, and settled on the farm 
now owned by Joshua Brackett, near Leeds Junction, then moved to the place 
now occupied by his son, Furber Libby. He had four sons and three daughters, 
and was a soldier in the War of 1812. James McFarland came about this time 
and settled on the farm now owned by the heirs of David S. Sanborn. He 
was a blacksmith. His son James, Jr, settled on a lot taken from the north 
side of his father's farm. He had one son in the Union army. His son David 
settled on the farm now owned by Joshua Brackett and died there. Ichabod 
Haws came into town at an early date. He also was a blacksmith, and lived 



492 History of Androscoggin County. 



on the farm now occupied by Charles G. Fish. He had five children. The 
two sons were blacksmiths. Jonathan Fogg about 1810 settled on the northern 
slope of Sabattis mountain on the farm now owned by B. F. Roberts. 

Hiram Foss settled on the farm now owned by^ William T. Dingley.'i He 
had five sons and four daughters. He moved to Auburn, where he died. 
Joseph Foss settled on the farm adjoining that of Hiram on the north. He 
had four sons and three daughters. He was elected representative for one 
year, and was also colonel in the militia. He was a carpenter as well as a 
farmer. This farm is now owned by S. B. Greenwood. Daniel Foss, a brother 
of the two preceding, first settled on the farm now owned by F. A. McKenney. 
He lived on several other places iu town and finally moved to Lewiston. He 
had four sons and one daughter. 

Phineas Thompson moved into town early and settled on a farm on Thomp- 
son's hill. He had one son and one daughter. The son, Laurel G., now lives 
on a part of the D. M. Labree farm. His father's farm is now occupied by 
G. W. Fogg. Nathaniel Jewell also moved into town at an early date and 
settled on Thompson's hill adjoining the farm of P. Thompson. He was a 
captain in the War of 1812, also a captain in the militia later. He was a brick 
mason. He had three sons and four daughters. He had one son, Elias, in the 
expedition to Aroostook in 1839. Robert Given, son of Arthur Given, settled 
first on Thompson's hill, then removed to Newj)ort or Corinna. This farm 
passed through many hands, and is now owned by Robert F. Wheeler, who 
came from Leeds. 

Church Historij. — The earliest church organization was the Baptists, dated 
December 25, 1800. The first mention of a deacon is in May, 1801, when 
Deacon Spofford was put down from serving as deacon and Brother David 
Jenkins was established deacon, and Brother James Labree was elected deacon 
on trial. July 24, 1802, met for conference and then agreed to have a church 
meeting. Chose Brother Labree moderator. Voted a brother under suspen- 
sion for breaking covenant in persisting in going to hear the Methodists. The 
first election of a clerk upon the records is in September, 1805, when Joseph 
Murch was chosen, but, judging from the penmanship, there were many 
changes in the office. The whole number of members September, 1809, was 
42. The first ordained pastor was Elder James Pierce, received October 14, 
1810. May 6, 1833, Elder James Pierce was excluded from the church for 
refusing to give satisfaction for charges brought against him without proof. 
In August of the same year Elder Daniel Pierce was admitted into the church, 
and the two ministers furnished preaching until about 1839. In July, 1839, 
Elder Smith Hinkley was received as pastor, which position he held until 1842. 
In 1843 Elder William Smith was received as pastor, which position he held 
until 1850, when Elder Thomas Goldthwait was installed. The last entry in 
the first Baptist church records is dated June 21, 1856. 



Town of Wales. 493 



The Second Baptist Chu7'eh was organized August 13, 1856, and consisted 
of 16 members. Isaac S. Jenkins and Aaron Winslow were elected deacons, 
and Joel Small, clerk. Meetings were maintained until 1859, when the church 
disbanded. 

Free Bajytists. — The "Church of Christ in Wales, called the United 
Brethren or Free-Will Baptists," was constituted April 14, 1826, by Elder 
Abiezer Bridges, with 13 members: Enoch Strout, William Given, Joseph 
Small, David Dunning, Phillip Given, William Dunning, James Owen, Samuel 
Small, Marcia Strout, Martha Given, Louisa Given, Freeman Lombard, and 
Ebenezer Dunning. June 7, 1826, Enoch Strout and Joseph Small were 
chosen deacons; Samuel Small, treasurer; and Joseph Small, clerk (who held 
office until his death in 1836, when Gilbert Strout was chosen). Elder Silas 
Curtis was the first pastor mentioned in the records. Elder Allen Files was 
chosen pastor "so long as he shall continue to reside with us," and remained 
until after 1861. June 2, 1832, Joseph Maxwell was chosen deacon, on the 
death of Enoch Strout. January 7, 1835, the quarterly meeting of the 
association was held with this church. In 1852 Lincoln Given was clerk. 
In 1856 John Given was clerk, and William Ham was chosen deacon. 
November 2, 1861, Rev. S. W. Royal, of New Gloucester, was received into the 
church. This is the last entry upon the records. 

Church Buihlim/s. — The first church was erected in 1827 by the Freewill 
Baptists near the center of the town on land taken from the farm owned by 
Joel Small. This house was torn down, and rebuilt in 1856 (on land taken 
from the farm of Charles W. Strout on the Pond road,) by the Baptists, 
Freewill Baptists, Methodists, and Universalists, as a union church, and 
was occupied by each society their relative portion of the time until 1870, 
since which time preaching has been secured by general subscription. The 
Baptists built a church which cost -1)1,000 in 1838, upon land bought from the 
Joseph Gray farm in the easterly part of the town. This was unoccupied for 
several years, and was sold and taken down in 1886. 

The First School in town was taught by Captain Joseph Small in a dwelling- 
house on the Pond road. He was followed by Mr Hill, Arthur Given, Mr 
Page, Daniel Evans, Fayette Mace, Richard Elder, Joel Small, and Enoch 
Strout. There are now eight school-houses in town. The district system was 
abolished in 1889, and the town system substituted. There were 150 scholars 
in town in April, 1891. 

Water-powers, Mills, and Manufactures. — During the first twelve or fifteen 
years of settlement, the settlers were obliged to carry their bags of corn and 
grain on their shoulders twenty miles to the nearest mill. There were no roads 
at that date and the settlers were compelled to travel in paths through the 
forest marked by spotted trees, to the older and more advanced settlements. 
Their only meats were such as could be procured by the trap, shot-gun, and 



494 History of Androscoggin County. 



rifle, and were bear, moose, deer, and smaller game, which was plenty in those 
days. The only grist-mill ever erected in town was built by Joseph Maxwell 
on a small stream in the eastern part of the town, near his dwelling. The 
first saw-mill was built by Daniel M. Labree on a small stream on his home 
farm, where he could saw boards, shingles, etc., for a few weeks each in the 
spring and fall. The next was built by Benjamin Vining on a small stream on 
his farm. Another one was built by B. C. Jenkins on his farm in the north- 
eastern part of the town, which is still in use. The others have long ago 
ceased to exist. George T. Howe has a yard near Leeds Junction, where he 
manufactures some 800,000 of first quality of brick annually. 

The Sabattus Mountain Creamery was incorporated in the spring of 1883, 
with an authorized capital of |2,000, $1,425 of which has been paid in. 
Buildings were erected, and the operations of collecting cream and making 
butter were commenced June 25, 1883, and it is said that the first pound of 
butter ever manufactured by a co-operative creamery in Maine was made here. 
With tlie exception of two months in the fall of 1885, the factory has been in 
successful operation ever since. From two to four men and horses are 
emidoyed, according to the season, ami from -|<1 0,000 to |>21,000 of business has 
been done each year. The officers aie: President, D. D. Golden; secretary, 
E. A. Ham; treasurer and agent, J. W. Sawyer; directors, D. D. Golden, 
E. A. Ham, J. W. Sawyer, E. S. Dixon, and J. L. Stewart. This factory is on 
tlie Pond road, west of Sabattus mountain, and 65,000 pounds is manufactured 
yearly, the cream coming from patrons in Wales, Monmouth, and Webster. 
The average price obtained by patrons is 17 cents a pound. 

Ernest S. Dixon., son of Washington S. and Nettie (Jenkins) Dixon, both 
natives of Wales, was born in that town, August 3, 1863, and is descended on 
both sides of the family from Shadrach Dixon, one of the early settlers, 
through his son Elbridge and his son Washington. On the maternal side he 
descends from Philip Jenkins, througli his son Benjamin, and Mrs Nettie 
(Jenkins) Dixon. Mr Dixon is a member of Venus Commandery, U. O. 
G. C, a Democrat in politics, has been town clerk for four years, and in 1888 
was honored by his party with the nomination for representative to the 
legislature. His business is butter-making, and he is a member of the board 
of directors of the Sabattus Mountain Creamery Company. 

Davis Maxivell was born in Webster, in 1836, and is the son of William 
and Mary (Davis) Maxwell. His grandfather was one of the early settlers of 
the town, coming from Cape Elizabeth, in Cumberland county. Mr Maxwell 
is an energetic and successful farmer, politically a Democrat, and is a Free 
Baptist in religious preferences. He is also a member of Wales Grange, 
P. of H. [See Webster.] 

David S. Sanhorn was born at Ossipee, N. H., August 18, 1821. He 
acquired his education at the schools of Webster and Lewiston Falls Academy, 



Town of Wales. 495 



and taught school witli success in Webster, Lisbon, Lewiston, and Litchfield 
for 15 winters. In 1849 he married Azelia (daughter of Jonathan Davis). He 
was engaged in farming at Webster until 18t)4, when he moved to Wales, 
where he resided until his death, in March, 1891. He was a prominent and 
successful farmer, respected for his integrity and industry. He was a member 
of the superintending school committee for six years, and collector and 
constable for five years. He served as a member of the legislature in 1874. 
He was a Whig until the Republican party was organized, and afterwards a 
strong Republican. He was a member of the Republican town committee 15 
years, and chairman for seven years. He was a charter member of the Wales 
Grange, No. 40, and a member of the Patrons Mutual Aid Society of Maine. 
He was a member of the Baj)tist church and was a strong temperance man. 
A. J. Sanborn and Frank L. Sanborn, of Webster, are his sons. 

Rebellion Record. — JVatnes of Soldiers, Volunteers and Conscrijyts. — 1861 : 
Samuel W. Taylor, Hiram S. Jenkins, Edward P. Mitchell, Albert P. Given, 
Charles Higgins, Veranus Aino, Albert P. Hodsdon, John S. Brawn, Allen F. 
Plumer, Elisha K. Mann, John K. Hamilton, Henry Collins, Richard Scliuly, 
Loren Higgins, Asa Cummings. 1862, on call of June: Wm S. Small, Henry 
A. Ham, Geo. W. Hodgman, Rev. Samuel N. Royal. 1862, on call of July: 
Lloyd Howard, Phillip Tarr, Albert S. Additon, Charles McFarland, Moses 
Fogg, S. W. PuUen, Jarvis T. Reals, Geo. B. Day, Thomas T. Jenkins, John 
Caton, Llewellyn O. Foster, Michael Smith, Francis Hall, Albert Hodsdon, 
Rev. Arthur Given, Jr. 1863, conscripted June: Leonard Hodgman, Alonzo 
Tayloi', Rufus W. Sanborn, (lieo. W. Jenkins, Edward M. Jewell, Rinaldo A. 
Labree, Llewellyn S. Ivibby. The first four paid commutation. 1863, on call 
of October: Luther M. Pollard, Edward T. S[)rague, Daniel B. Bean, Robert 
E. (lammon, David Mitchell, Hiram Jewell, Llewellyn O. Foster (re-enlisted), 
John H. Hanscom. 1864, on call of July: John K. Hamilton (re-enlisted), 
Elisha K. Mann (re-eidisted), Charles M. Labree, David Plumer, Jesse B. 
Austin, Geo. T. Erving, Josei)h Griffin, James McGee (navy), Thomas H. 
Long. On call of December, 1864: Michael Burgen, Wm Houghton, Hewe 
McGuire, Peter Clark, Michael Coughlin, Wm Kelley, Wm Devin, Alexander 
Coulter (the above were in the Marine Corps), Harding L. Watts by substi- 
tute John Fox, Albion K. P. Dixon, John McFarland, Cyrus Burk, Charles 
Hodsdon. July 13, 1865, under a call of the provost-marshal the selectmen 
returned !|10,040 as the total sum of all bounties paid by the town to soldiers 
during the Rebellion. October 18, 1865, on a requisition of the provost- 
marshal of this date for the average cost per man in Wales for volunteers 
furnished under each call for troops since March 1, 1863, the following return 
was made: 8 men, October, 1863, the average was -1311.875; 5 men, July, 
1864, average |412; 9 men, December, 1864, average -1365. The general 
average was $356.36. 



496 History of Androscoggin County. 



Civil List and Action of Town.— The first meeting of the plantation of Wales for the choice of 
officers and other business was held May (>, 1803. John Witherell was chosen moderator; Joseph 
Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Enoch Strout, John Andrews, assessors; John Larrabee, collector; Arthur 
Given, treasurer. Voted $50 for plantation expenses; .f 150 for schools; .'PI.'jO for roads. 1804, April 2, 
was given tlie first vote for governor; James Sullivan, P^sq., had 11 votes; Lieutenant-Governor 
William Keith had votes. Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Enoch Strout, John Andrews, 
assessors. 1805 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, John Andrews, assessors. 
180() — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, John Andrews, Joseph Small, assessors. 1807 — Joseph 
Small, clerk; Joseph Small, John Andrews, David Plumer, assessors; Josiah Libby, Daniel Marr, 
Jo.seph Small, John Larrabee, first school committee. 1808— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, 
John Larrabee, Arthur Given, assessors. 1809 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur Given, 
John Larrabee, assessors. 1810— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur Given, John Larrabee, 
assessors. 1811 — Joseph Small, clerk; Josiah Libby, Elias Kicker, Aaron Plumer, assessors. 1812 — 
Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Josiah Libby, Elias Ricker, assessors. 181.3 — Joseph Small, clerk; 
Joseph Small, Elias Ricker, Josiah Libby, assessors. 1814 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, 
Josiah Libby, Elias Ricker, assessors. Voters were required at this time to be 21 years old, and to 
have a free-hold estate in the commonwealth of the annual income of £3, or any estate of the 
value of £60. 1815 — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, Elias Ricker, Samuel Libby, assessors. 
Bills allowed this year: Joseph Small, for supplies for militia in service, $9; Elias Ricker, for same, 
$10; Arthur Given, for same, $12; Joshua Hanscom, $9; total, $40, of which $10.50 was paid by the 
government. 

1816, January 31, an act incorporating the town of Wales was passed by the legislature of Massa- 
chusetts, and approved February 1, 1816, by Caleb Strong, the governor. The first town meeting was 
held March 12, 1816. Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, Arthur Given, selectmen; 
Samuel Libby, treasurer; Dr Abial Daley, David Plumer, John Hamilton, Smith Ricker, school 
agents; Dr Abial Daley, Joseph Small, David Plumer, inspecting committee. May 20, 1816, voted 26 
to 5 in favor of the formation of the state of Maine. The whole number of voters at this date was 58. 
1817 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, Arthur Given, selectmen. A meeting was 
called for September 29, to meet at Widow Swett's barn, to give in their votes for representative to 
congress. The annual meeting was called to meet at Widow Swett's barn. Met and chose Arthur 
Given moderator, and voted that the meeting be adjourned to the dwelling-house of Widow Swett, on 
account of the inclemency of the weather. Joseph Small, clerk; Hiram Foss, John Larrabee, Samuel 
Libby, selectmen. 1819— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Hiram Foss, Elias Ricker, selectmen. 
At a meeting held July 26, called for the purpose of giving in their votes on the question, "Is it 
expedient that the district of Maine shall become a separate and independent state? " There were 46 
votes, 39 in favor of the separation and 7 against it. At a meeting held September 20, 1819, Joseph 
Small was chosen a delegate to a convention to be held in Portland to frame a constitution for said 
District, and at a meeting held December 6, 1819, to see if the town was in favor of a constitution as 
reported from said convention, it was unanimously approved by the town, and Maine was admitted 
into the Union March 3, 1820. 1820 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Isaac S. Small, Elias Ricker, 
selectmen. 1821 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Abraham Jewell, John Ross, selectmen. 
1822 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur N. Given, John Andrews, Jr, selectmen. Joseph 
Small was chosen first representative to the legislature. 

1823 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur N. Given, John Andrews, selectmen. 1824 — 
Joseph Small, clerk; Hiram Foss, John Andrews, Jr, Joel Small, selectmen. 1825 — Joseph Small, 
clerk; Hiram Foss, Joel Small, John Andrews, Jr, selectmen. 1826— Joseph Small, clerk; John 
Andrews, Esq., Joel Small, Gilbert Strout, selectmen. 1827— Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, 
Hiram Foss, Bela Pierce, selectmen. 1828 — Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Esq., Hiram Foss, 
Joel Small, selectmen. 1829 — Chose Ephraim Fogg moderator. He has served continuously since 
1820. Joseph Small, clerk; Joel Small, Josiah Libby, Ebenezer Swett, selectmen. 1830— Joseph 
Small, clerk; Joel Small, Josiah Libby, Ebenezer Swett, selectmen. 18,31 — Joseph Small, clerk; 
Jolin Andrews, Jr, Hiram Foss, Bela Pierce, selectmen. Voted that " all kneat cattle be restrained 
from going at large in the Road in the futur." 1832 —Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Jr, David 
Plumer, Bela Pierce, selectmen. 1833 — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, Bela Pierce, Daniel 
Larrabee, selectmen. 1834 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Joseph Foss, Samuel Gatchell, 
selectmen. Voted that the thanks of the town be tendered to Deacon Joseph Small for his long and 
able services as town clerk (31 years). 1835 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Samuel Gatchell, 
Hiram Foss, selectmen. 18.36 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ebenezer Swett, Hiram Foss, 
selectmen. 1837 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ebenezer Swett, Ezra K. Ricker, selectmen. 



Town of Wales. 497 



1838 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Hiram Foss, E. K. Ricker, selectmen. December 15, 
voted to petition to be set off from the county of Lincoln and annexed to the county of Kennebec. 
18;!!)— John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ezra K. Ricker, Josiah Libby, selectmen. Voted that 
the surplus revenue be distributed per capita on the 25th day of March. Adjourned to April 8, 18:5;t, 
when the following account was allowed, viz.: " To Joel Small, Dr, for cash paid for supplies and 
expences incurred in attendance on the soldiers detached from this town from Augusta to (and while 
at) Bangor, amounting to :}f()0.74:." Also bills of I. S. Small, E. K. Kicker, Hiram Foss, and Samuel 
Potter and others, for same, .S!145.02, amounting in all to .'S;205.70. 1840 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; 
Joel Small, Josiah Libby, J. W. Gatchell, selectmen. 1841 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, 
William Fogg, Daniel Larrabee, selectmen. 1842 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; I. S. Small, William 
Fogg, Joseph Maxwell, Jr, selectmen. 1843 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Isaac S. Small, Hiram Foss, 
Joseph Maxwell, .selectmen. 1844 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Hiram Fo.ss, Joseph 
Maxwell, Jr, .selectmen. 1845 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Amaziah Mitchell, Joel Ham, 
selectmen. 184(j — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Phillip Larrabee, John W. Foss, Henry Marr, selectmen. 
1847 — John W. Gatchell, clerk; Joel Ham, Henry Marr, Arthur Given, selectmen. 

1848 — William Small, clerk; Joel Ham, Arthur Given, Amaziah Mitchell, selectmen. 1849 — 
William Small, clerk; Isaac S. Small, Hiram Foss, John W. Gatchell, selectmen. 1850 — William 
Small, clerk; I. S. Small, Hiram Fo.ss, Benjamin C. Jenkins, selectmen. 1851 — William Small, clerk, 
until September G, when Joel Small took office; Joel Ham, Bela Pierce, Arthur Given, selectmen. 
1852 — Joel Small, clerk; Bela Pierce, John Lombard, Samuel Gatchell, selectmen. 1853 — Joel 
Small, clerk; Joel Small, Joel Ham, Bela Pierce, selectmen. February 25, 1854, the town voted upon 
the formation of the county of Androscoggin; in favor, 11; opposed, 44. 1854 — T. W. Ham, clerk; I. 
S. Small, Phillip Larrabee, Cornelius Libby, selectmen. 1855 — T. W. Ham, clerk; I. S. Small, Joseph 
Maxwell, Jr, John W. Foss, selectmen. March 31, voted to build a town house, with instructions to 
have it completed by August, 1856. 1856 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Jo.seph Maxwell, Jr, Hiram 
Foss, Joel Ham, selectmen. 1857 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joseph Maxwell, Jr, Joel Ham, 
Cornelius Libby, selectmen. 1858 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joel Ham, Cyrus M. Fogg, Henry 
Carville, .selectmen. 18.59 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Cyrus M. Fogg, Joseph G. Bragg, H. L. Watts, 
selectmen. 1860 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joseph G. Bragg, Harding L. Watts, John C. Fogg, 
selectmen. 

1861 — H. L. Watts, clerk; H. L. Watts, John C. Fogg, Otis W. Fabyan. selectmen. 1862— H. L. 
Watts, clerk; Joel Ham, Alvan F. Foss, Otis W. Fahyan, selectmen. July 23, 1862, voted to raise 
.■fflOO, to be paid to each soldier who would enlist to fill this town's quota. Chose John C. Fogg, 
Joseph G. Bragg, and Joel Ham to serve as a committee to procure enlistments. 1863 — H. L. Watts, 
clerk; Otis W. Fabyan, Joseph G. Bragg, George W. Jenkins, selectmen. June 15, 18(53, voted to 
raise #100, to be paid to each man drafted and accepted, agreeable to the conscript act, or who 
procures a substitute to serve, and December 1 it was voted that the town raise $270, to be paid to 
each man who will volunteer to fill this town's quota, or to drafted men. December 30 it was voted 
to raise $438.16, in addition to amount previously voted, to be paid to enlisted men, and that the 
treasurer be authorized and instructed to hire the above sum of money and give treasurer's notes for 
the same. 1864 — H. L. Watts, clerk; John C. Fogg, clerk pro teiii.; Joel Small, Thomas W. Ham, 
Cyrus M. Fogg, selectmen. August 13 voted to raise 3?25, to be paid each man who will enlist under 
the call of July 18, 1864. September 15 voted that the town raise .$L935 to pay subscribers to the 
soldiers' fund, raised to procure quota under the last call. December 17 voted that the town procure 
ten men to balance future calls for conscripts, and that the town raise .#4,000, to be expended in 
procuring said men, f 425 to be paid each man in town who will enlist or furnish a substitute to serve 
three years, the balance to be immediately expended in procuring three years' recruits, and that the 
selectmen be authorized to issue town scrip therefor, at not exceeding six per cent, interest. 1865 — 
John C. Fogg, clerk; Joel Small, Joseph G. Bragg, Seth Libby, selectmen. Voted that the selectmen 
procure money to be paid to soldiers' families as state aid. 1866 — John C. Fogg, clerk; Joseph G. 
Bragg, Seth Libby, Otis W. Fabyan, selectmen. The treasurer's report shows the debt .#7,640.40. 

1867 — John C. Fogg, clerk; Joel Ham, S. A. Jenkins, George W. Fogg, selectmen. Voted to build 
a bridge across the stream near Leeds Junction. 18()8 — John C. Fogg, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, George 
W. Fogg, Alanson Higgins, selectmen. 1869 — T. W. Ham, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, W. W. Douglass, 
Seth Libby, selectmen. 1870 — John C. Fogg, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, George W. Fogg, Joel Ham, 
selectmen. Voted to raise by assessment $1,600 to pay on the town debt. Voted that the town pay 
#100 and interest to those men who paid commutation in the late war. Voted that the municipal year 
shall end on the first Monday in March in each year. 1871 — John C. Fogg, clerk; I. S. Small, A. C. 



498 History of Androscoggin County. 



Frost, Benjamin Hodsdon, 2d, selectmen. 1872— John C. Fogg, clerk; I. S. Small, Benjamin 
Hodsdon, 2d, A. C. Frost, selectmen. 1873 — John C. Fogg, clerk; T. W. Ham, A. C. Frost, H. S. 
Marr, selectmen. At the September meeting, John C. Fogg had 59 votes for representative; D. S. 
Sanborn, 40. 1874 — John C. Fogg, clerk; T. W. Ham, Henry S. Marr, Joseph M. Given, selectmen. 
Voted to raise .'goOO for a free high school. 1875 — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; A. C. Frost, J. G. Bragg, J. C. 
Fogg, selectmen. May 25, voted to instruct the selectmen to buy the farm on which Seth Lombard 
resides, if it will be for the Interest of the town to do so. 187G — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; Benjamin 
Hodsdon, 2d, T. W. Ham, Isaac W. Frost, selectmen. Voted to raise |!1.50 for free high school. 1877 — 
S. A. Jenkins, clerk; B. Hodsdon, 2d, I. W. Frost, Alden Moulton, selectmen. 1878 — S. A. Jenkins, 
clerk; I. W. Frost, J. C. Fogg, Joseph A. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Beckler and John C. Fogg, 
school committee. 1879 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; S. A. Jenkins, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, T. W. 
Ham, S. A. Jenkins, selectmen. 

lg,SO — I. M. Witherell, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, John C. Fogg, Thomas T. Jenkins, selectmen. 
1881— J. C. Fogg, moderator; T. W. Ham, clerk; J. C. Fogg, Alden Moulton, F. E. Marr, selectmen. 
1882 — T. W. Ham, clerk; Alden Moulton, T. T. Jenkins, I. W. Frost, selectmen. 1883 — D. N. 
Maxwell, clerk; Alden Moulton, I. W. Frost, Joseph W. Sawyer, selectmen. 1884 — John C. Fogg, 
clerk; I. W. Frost, J. W. Sawyer, I. M. Witherell, selectmen. 1885 — Willis E. Hinkley, clerk; J. W. 
Sawyer, Alden Moulton, Joseph S. Jewett, selectmen. 1886 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; W. E. Hinkley, 
clerk; Alden Moulton, J. S. Jewett, G. W. Fogg, selectmen; W. E. Hinkley, H. A. Greenwood, 
school committee. April 8 it was voted to instruct the selectmen to buy a road machine. Voted to 
raise money to pay for the same, and that the selectmen buy four oxen to use on the road machine. 
1887 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; T. T. Jenkins, G. W. Fogg, J. W. Sawyer, select- 
men; T. W. Ham, truant officer. 1888 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; J. W. Sawyer, 
T. T. Jenkins, Alonzo M. Donnell, selectmen. Vote for representative was: Alden Moulton, 63; 
Ernest S. Dixon, 75. 1889 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; John C. Fogg, A. M. 
Donnell, F. E. Marr, selectmen. J. C. Fogg, truant officer. Voted $300 for free high schools, also to 
abolish the school district system. 1890 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; A. M. 
Donnell, F. E. Marr, T. T. Jenkins, selectmen; J. Herbert Maxwell, school supervisor. Voted that 
the selectmen be authorized to sell the town farm at auction. 1891 ^T. W. Ham, moderator; A.J. 
Sanborn, clerk; F. E. Marr, Alden Moulton, E. E. Ham, selectmen; A. J. Sanborn, school supervisor. 



Town of Greene. 499 



GREENE. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

Area— Boundaries —Elevations — Pouds — Soil — Productions- The First Settlers — 
Petition for Incorporation — Remonstrance Ag-ainst Incorporation — Incorporation — Devel- 
opment of Business — Early Conveyances — Valuation and Residents in 1818 — Lots and 
Occupants in 1820 —Gleanings from Town Records — Early Action Concerning Schools. 

GREENE, the second town incorporated in the county limits and the fifty- 
fifth in Maine, contains nearly 16,000 acres of land, is surrounded by 
Turner on the west, Leeds on the north, Wales on the east, and Lewiston 
on the south, and originally was a part of "• Lewistown." The surface is quite 
broken, and the altitude is higher than that of the towns to the south and 
east. Hill's Ridge, in the southeastern part, commands an extensive panorama 
of beautiful scenery, terminating at Mt Washington in the far distance. The 
northwestern part is so high as to be called the mountain district; its principal 
elevations are C^aswell, Ames, and Clark's mountains. On Caswell hill is an 
excellent quality of granite, valuable if it was near a railroad. East of and 
within a half-mile of Greene Station, is a ridge of dark granite of fine quality. 
Its owner, Dr G. L. Peaslee, is giving some attention to its development. 
There are some ponds, Allen, Dean, Little Sabattus, and Berry, while Lake 
Sabattus forms a portion of the eastern boundary. At Sprague's Mills is a 
water-power with a fall of 15 feet. Mills were formerly in operation on the 
outlets of Allen pond and Meadow brook. The soil near tlie Androscoggin is a 
light loam, the low lands throughout the town yield abundantly of hay, while 
the lands at a moderate height are free fi'om frost, with a strong soil, producing 
good crops. The more elevated portions have a rocky soil, and although 
formerly considered of less agricultural value, now have an increased worth 
on account of the natural tendency of the apple tree to thrive here. A belt of 
this land running east and west through the south part, and another belt north 
of the center have exceptional value in this respect. 

The history of Greene, like that of most country towns, is devoid of wide 
significance, its annals are marked by few conspicuous happenings, but the 
beautiful farms which dot its surface, and the comfortable homes of to-day, tell 
the story of the patience and perseverance of the settlers who came to stay in the 
century and more ago. A good character of solidity, sobriety, intelligence, and 
industry has ever been connected with its inhabitants, and many of its sons 
have distinguished themselves in other towns and states, and done honor to the 
place of their nativity. 



500 History of Androscoggin County. 



The First Settlers. — Benjamin Ellingvvood, a squatter, made the first home 
and was the first resident on hind now in the town of Greene. This pioneer 
built his log cabin on the Pickett farm, on a slight elevation northwest of the 
present residence of Ezra Pratt. He cleared some land, and it is said planted 
corn and had a fine harvest, in 1775. Mr Ellingwood was joined in the early 
sunmier of 1775 by Benjamin Merrill from North Yarmouth. Ellingwood's 
cabin and clearing attracted his attention, and he soon made a bargain to board 
with him, and remained during the summer, paying his board with "a peck of 
corn, an old woolen shirt, a shovel, and the balance in cash." Mr Merrill 
secured Ellingwood's services, to harvest hay and to clear land across the 
brook, which he proposed to own, and eventually this land was deeded to him 
by the proprietors' agent. November 1, 1775, he purchased of Ellingwood his 
house and improvements for X140 (colonial currency), for "housen stuff" 
£20, and allowed him £8-15-0 since their last settlement. Mr Merrill 
recorded the purchase thus: 

the way that I paid Ellenwood for land and other things : 

1 paid cash £77 — 14 — 

2 notes to James Anderson 45 — 00 — 

to pay Peter Graflfara 11 — 10—0 

,, ,, James Stiusfield 8 — 06 — 

,. „ MrBrightman 8-02—0 

,, „ Mr Jones 7 — 15 — 

,, ,, ,, Rines 5-00 — 

,, a pig and a peiceof line 3—05 — 

,,,, hag and a glas bottle 14 — 6 

,, ,, yard and i of cloath 1 — 02 — 6 

„ ,, quartof rum — 06 — 

£168-15-0 

Mr Merrill returned to North Yarmouth the first of November, and soon 
after removed here with his wife, Margaret (Harris) Merrill, and five children, 
his household goods, a yoke of oxen, and a cow. Mr Ellingwood assisted them 
on their journey, and subsequently went to Gray. Mr Merrill's family 
occupied the "cabin" until 1786, when he built a frame house on the west side 
of the brook, not far from the residence of Edmund Fogg. His children were 
Benjamin, John, Anna, Jeremiah, and Levi. Benjamin Merrill was one of the 
early selectmen. He died in 1824, aged 83. His wife died in 1821, aged 83. 
Benjamin, their oldest son, was the first town clerk. He built a house, which 
he occupied until his death, in 1826; John settled near by, also erected a 
home, where he resided until his death, in 1817; Anna married John Pickett, 
who settled on land which his father owned ; she died in 1856, at the age of 
84; Levi died in 1838; Jeremiah died an infant. Ozni Merrill, a grandson 
of Benjamin, the pioneer, lived near the southwest part of the town, and was 
intellectual, industrious, and possessed mechanical ingenuity to a large extent. 



Town of Greene. 501 



Deacon Lemuel Cummings was the next settler. Thomas Taylor, Joseph, 
Eli, and Samuel Herrick, Colonel William Sprague, Gershoni Curtis, the 
Larrabees, Benjamin Hackley, the Browns, and the Coburns were here by 
1785. The settlement was rapidly increased in the next and following years 
by many important additions, among them Captain John Daggett, John and 
Jonathan Mower, Thomas and Jacob Stevens, Luther Robbins, Elisha 
Sylvester, John Allen, Zebedee Shaw, Benjamin Alden, Bradford Rose, 
Benjamin Quimby, Jacob Bailey, and Jacob Eames, and by 1800 also were 
here Captain Daniel Crossman, Daniel Smith, Solomon Bates, John Record, 
Samuel Chadbourne, and others. The Revolution accelerated the growth of 
the settlement "in the north part of Lewistown," and by 1788 it numbered 
500 inhabitants, and desired to be a town and control its own affairs. Con- 
sequently this petition was drafted: 

Petition for Incorporation. — Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Lewistown, Feb- 
ruary 12, 1788. To the Bonorable Senate and House of Representatives in G-eneral Court 
assembled, February, 1788. The petition of the subscribers. Inhabitants of the Plantation 
of Lewistown— Humbly She weth— That your Petitioners labour under great Inconveniences 
for want of being Incorporated into a Town. We therefore Humbly pray your Honours 
that the Northern part of said Plantation may be incorporated into a Town by the name of 
Greenland, beginning at the South West corner of Lot No. 1, and from thence run South 
East to the Plymouth line so called, and from thence to run Northerly by said Plymouth 
line to the North East corner of the Plantation aforesaid or Lot No. 190, from thence to run 
North West to Androscoggin river, so called, from thence, to run southerly by said river, 
so as to bring the first mentioned bounds to bear South East, and from thence, South East 
to the first mentioned bounds; together with all the Inhabitants; or take such other 
method in the premises as you in your wisdom shall think fit, and as in duty bound your 
Petitioners will ever pray. Signed, Abel Stoddard, Benjamin Merrill, Lemuel Cummings, 
John Larrabee, Moses Brown, Stephen Larrabee, John Daggett, Jacob Earaes, Benjamin 
Merrill, 3rd, Abner Merrill, Ebenezer A. Pinkham, John Mower, Benjamin Merrill, Jr, Eli 
Herrick, Thomas Stevens, Azariah Barker, Benjamin Cole, Philip Judkius, William Harden, 
John Butlei-, William Barker, (!) William Sprague. [Written on the back of the petition 
is this note.] N. B. — And your petitioners beg leave further to represeut to your honors 
that the extent of the tract of land called Lewistown is twelve or thirteen miles in length, 
which renders it very ill convenient, and we conceive improper, to be Incorporated into one 
town, as it will greatly discommode the Inhabitants thereof. And further, that there is 
a considerable tract of poor, waste laud near the center of the Plantation, running almost 
across the same, but will, if divided agreeable to our Petition, lay upon the border of each 
town. 

Some of the settlers did not approve of this action, and sent a remonstrance 
to the General Court, "feeling themselves deeply engaged to oppose so 
unreasonable a measure" because "most of us new settlers in the woods are in 
indigent circumstances," and are "not yet able to raise our provisions" nor to 
bear public burdens; because "the i)roposed form of the town will render town 
business difficult to conduct," etc.; because the town cannot assess the land 
to discharge taxes, " as a great part is (said to be) State's land, and sometime 



502 History of Androscoggin County. 



been in Debate between the State and Mr Little," although they had agreed to 
purchase it of the state, and because "they had been so distressed by the 
extraordinary charges of the late War," and conclude: 

You gentlemen are not ignorant of ye suflferiug and Losses of the Soldiery by the fall 
of paper money, the families of who, were drove by reason of high taxes, etc., to seek 
their bread in the wild wilderness, in a cold latitude, 50 miles from market. We dare promise 
that after due time we shall be willing, as we may be able, to be incorporated into town 
order, and bear our equal quota of the necessary exigencies of Government. Done in the 
woods, on Androscoggin river, at a place called " The notherly part of Lewistown," This 
26th day of May, 1788. (Signed) Elisha Sylvester, Benjamin Alden, Cornelius Jones, Asa 
Hose, Appolos Jones, Bradford Kose, Barnabas Perry, Levi Caswell, Ichabod Phillips, 
Thomas Lindsay, Daniel Lothrop, Joseph Samson, Asa Rose, Jr, Elisha Keen, Abiathar 
Briggs, Jairus Phillips, Jacob Bailey. 

This remonstrance was of no avail, however, and June 18, 1788, Greene 
was incorporated, the name being given in honor of General Nathaniel Greene, 
of the Continental army. The first section of the act reads as follows: 

Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court 
assembled, and by the authority of the same. That the northerly part of the plantation 
heretofore known by the name of Lewistown, in the county of Lincoln, bounded as 
follows, viz.: Beginning at the south-west corner of Lot No. one, thence running south- 
east to the Plymouth line, so called, thence northerly by said Plymouth line, to the north- 
east corner of the said plantation or lot No. one hundred and ninety, thence north-west to 
Androscoggin River, thence southerly by said river so as to bring the first mentioned 
bounds to bear south-east, thence south-east to the first mentioned bounds, with the 
inhabitants thereon, be, and hereby are incorporated into a town by the name of Greene, 
and shall have all the powers, privileges, and immunities, which other towns in this Com- 
monwealth do or may by law enjoy. 

Daniel Cony, Esq., was directed to issue his warrant, to some suitable 
inhabitant of the said town, to call the lirst town meeting, which " suitable 
inhabitant " was Benjamin Merrill. 

After the incorporation of Greene, its supremacy in importance continued 
many years. The settlers of Lewiston traded at Greene Corner; they availed 
themselves of its superior educational advantages by educating their children 
here. Not only this, but it is confidently affirmed that the first shingles sawed 
in Maine were made at the shingle mill put up by Willard Bridghara on the 
old Beriah Sampson privilege at the outlet of Allen pond. Artisans had 
established shops before 1800, but the first authentic information we have 
is in 1818, when these persons had "shops," as says the quaint manuscript: 
Benjamin Alden, Jabez Pratt, Jabez R. and Samuel Bates, Aruna Briggs, 
Daniel Crosman, James Coffin, Reuben and Robert Curtis, John Comins, 
Moses Harris, Nathaniel Herrick, John and Samuel Larrabee, William and 
Ebenezer Mower, John Pettingill, William Parker, Benjamin Quimby, L. and 
N. Bobbins, William Sprague, Jr, Jacob and Thomas Stevens, John Stafford, 



Town of Greene. 503 



William Sawyer, Asa Smith, Christopher Tracy. The earliest grist-mill was 
built by William Sprague about 1795, and not long after Beriah Sampson had 
one at the privilege mentioned above. (This was abandoned long ago. Mr 
Bates was the last owner.) William Sprague, Jr, and Anslem Car}'- had small 
tan-yards, but the principal business in this line was that of Moses Harris. 

Merchmits. — Anslem Cary was an early merchant, the first trader, probably, 
to rank as such. His store was at Greene Corner, He later admitted Elijah 
Barrell as partner. They did a flourishing business for many years, and were 
succeeded by Anslem C. Parker. Previous to the formation of the firm of 
Car}'- & Barrell, Benjamin Parker had conducted trade until 1812, in con- 
nection with his other business, and the small building near his dwelling, 
where he traded, was occupied by them until they built the two-story store. 
After their occupancy of this, and later that of Anslem C. Parker, John L. 
Cutter, William Stevens, the Curtis Brothers, and Rev. E. G. Eaton, it was 
unoccupied for a time and then moved further south and fitted up as a Grange 
hall, and here Otis B. Dean was in trade for some years from 1880. Samuel 
Oakes traded for a time in a small store near Dr Pierce's. Greene Center, now 
Greene Station, was early an important business center. Harris &> Haskell 
did a good trade from 1840 to 1846 or 1847. They were succeeded by Harris 
& Mower, they in turn by Duane Mower, Henry Jennings, S. P. Benson, 
William Stevens, Robbins & Kensell, Henry Morse, A. P. Mower, O. T. Wing. 
A. B. Crosby and John C. Additon traded here in the seventies. About the 
same time Lewis Murray traded at North Greene. 

Earlij Conveyances. — Many of the early settlers were poor and, expecting 
the title to the lands was vested in the state, would not purchase of the Pejep- 
scot proprietors, and those who purchased lands were honest and unsuspecting, 
the journey to Wiscasset was a long one, and the result was that most of the 
deeds they received were either never recorded or not for a long period after 
they were given. Diligent search in the records of the register of deeds of 
Lincoln county fails to show but few recorded prior to 1799. Moses Little 
conveys lands in Greene to Benjamin Merrill, of Lewiston, September 17, 
1785. Samuel Merrill, of New Gloucester, deeds in 1787 to his son, Benjamin 
Merrill, of Greene, lot 3, 100 acres, consideration <£30. In 1789 Benjamin 
Merrill deeds his son, John, 60 acres, the northeast end of lot 93 ; also to his 
son, Benjamin Merrill, 3d, 20 acres southwest end of lot 2. Joseph Eames is 
deeded 56 acres in lots 228 and 229, November 19, 1790, "in presence of John 
Daggett and Benjamin Merrill." Doughty Bates, of Hanover, is deeded by 
Ephraim Andrews, September 20, 1794, 50 acres, south half of lot 87," bounded 
north by the improved half owned by William Turner, and west by land owned 
by Jonathan Cushman." Abner Harris, of Lewiston, deeds, January 8, 1796, 
to Moses Harris, of Greene, "one-half of lot 144 of said town." Elijah Woods 
deeds "fourth month, seventh day," 1775, to William Sprague, of Greene, 



504 History op Androscoggin County. 



lands in Winthrop. William earlier has transfers of land made to him as of 
Winthrop. It was not until the long controversy with the Pejepscot pro- 
prietors was settled in their favor in 1814 that the majority of the settlers 
received their deeds from those who held the rights of the proprietors, and with 
whom they made the best attainable terms, often paying more for their land 
on account of the improvements they had themselves made. 

Valuation and Residents in 1818. — The valuation was $46,230; number of polls, 221. 
The voters and resident property holders were Benjamin and Eliab Alden ; John, Jairus, 
Ichabod, and Benjamin Allen; John and OWs,Additon; Samuel, David, and Moses Adams ; 
Jabez R., Caleb, Samuel, Reuben, John, and Alexander Bates; Aruna, Elijah, Elijah, Jr, 
William, and Olive Briggs ; George and John Berry; Isaac, Isaac, Jr, and John Beats; 
Seth Barden; Ambrose, Benjamin T., and Richard Brown; Gary <&. Barrell; Joseph 
Bailey; Daniel Crosman; Jacob H., Ephraim, and John Chadherne; Elias Chick; James 
Colfin; Bartholomew, Eliphlet, Jesse, Joel, William, Charles, Isaiah, Phinehas, and 
Bartholomew, Jr, Coberne; John Caswell; Abel Crocker; Reuben and Robert Curtis; 
Lemuel, Solomon, John, and Ammi Gomins ; Ammi R. Crttter ; Jacob and Samuel Z)a?/; 
Aaron Daggett; John and Elias Brake ; Cyrus Dean; Joshua and Richard Elder ; James 
Frazer ; William Furbish; Peter Freeman; Walter Fogg ; Marcus Gilbert; Benjamin 
Grant; Moses, Silas, John, Silas, Jr, and Joseph Harris; Josiah, Samuel, and Jesse 
Hatch; Nathan and Joseph Herrick; Bates (S; Her rick ; David Hooper; Nathaniel and 
Richard i/i//; luevi Harvey ; So\omon Jackson ; LnveKcayc; Joseph and William ilfc- 
Kcnney ; Elisha and Elisha, Jr, Keene; Joseph Knapp ; Jacob Kimball; Samuel, John, 
Ammi, Josiah, and Jeremiah Larrabee; Samuel and John Layne ; Thomas and James 
Longlcy ; John and Zebulon ii/>i>?/; Freeman and Josiah iawrZers ; Benjamin, Benjamin, 2d, 
Benjamin, 3d, Samuel, Betty, Levi, Levi, 2d, and Levi Merrill, 3d; Isaac and Samuel 
Malune; Jonathan, John, Samuel, William, Ebenezer, John, Jr, Jonathan, 2d, Aaron, 
Leonard, Peter S., and Henry Mower; Nathan Morse; Joseph Mitchell; John Moulton; 
Jabez Pratt; John and John, Jr, Pettingill; Jairus, Jairus, Jr, and Ichabod Phillips; 
Ireson, William, and Jacob Parker; James and James, Jr, Perea ; Benjamin Quimby ; 
Luther, Reuben, and Charles jRo?;/>ms ; L. & N. Bobbins; Benjamin and Stephen Backley ; 
Russel n. Bead; John and Thomas Record; Seth, Asa, Asa, Jr, Bradford, and Simeon 
Rose; i^Was Richardson ; Ah'mthav andJoseph Richmond; John Robinson; Turner Stet- 
son; William, William, Jr, Moses, and Isaac Sprague ; Jonathan Shepley ; Massey 
Sylvester; Jacob and Thomas ;S/eyew5 ; 5 ■Mwas Sinclair ; John Stafford; Beriah and Joseph 
Sampson; Rufas Stcp)hcns ; William and Thaddeus 5'r{?f?/er; Asn. Smith ; 7jehedee Shatv ; 
Simeon Turner; Benjamin, Isaac, and Martin Thomas; John A. Tobey: Christopher Tracy; 
David Wheeler; Jacob Fames: David Prescott ; Daniel, Daniel, Jr, and David Wilkins. 

Early Settlers and Locations. — From a plan of the town made about 1820 
we take the names of the owners of lots, including the settlers and their 
locations. On the south line B. Thomas had a large lot (242) lying on the 
Androscoggin river. East of this was lot 1, owned by Lemuel Comins; lots 
2, 3, 4 are marked "Briggs, Fogg, Brown, Stoddard, and Anna Pickett"; lots 
5, 6, 7 are vacant; lot 8, heirs of A. Littlefield and Little; lot 9, J. Perea; 37, 
McKenney; 38, S. & J. Layne and J. Perea, Jr, while a large triangular lot 
extending to Sabattus pond is inscribed " Widow Eaton Shaw." The second 
line of lots, counting north, and commencing at the east side, is lot 102, John 



Town of Greene. 505 



Moulton ; 101, Coburn and Lajnie; 100, Chadburn and Gary; 99, J. and Sam. 
Hatch; 98, Z. Gobnrn and E. Hatch; 95, 96, 97, Allen and others; 94, Barrell 
and Pratt; 93, Pratt and others; 92, Aaron Daggett; 91, S. Gomins; 90, W. 
Sawyer; east half of lot 235 vacant. Isaac Maloon has 233 and west half of 
235, while 236, a long lot next to the great river, is marked W. Parker. 
P. Freeman has the next lot, 232, north on the Androscoggin, and F. Landers, 
231, the next one north on the river. S. Wheeler is next on the river. 
Jacob Stevens next in order on 225, while east of Jacob, on 224, is Thomas 
Stevens. A. Barker and G. Tracy have 220, and east of them, on 221, 
we find A. Berry, J. Starbird, W. Fogg, and A. Briggs have 218, while 
west of this and on the river Arnna Briggs has 219. 214 is occupied 
by L. Hervey and G. Barr. Asa Rose, Jr, is north on 212, and Bradford 
Rose joins Asa on the west with 213 on the river. John Allen is north 
of Asa Rose, Jr, on 207, while north of B. Rose and west of Allen we find 
I. Beals. North and west of Beals, on lots 204 and 205, is Elisha Keen. 
Jairus Phillips is east of Keen and north of Allen on 203. North of Phillips, 
on 198, 193, and })art of 339, we find Abner Briggs. A. Sampson, John 
Additon, J. Gruker have the rest of 339, which lies on the north line. West 
of lot 193 is Simeon Rose on 197 ; west of this, on 196, lying on the river, are 
J. Sampson and M. Sylvester. North of Sylvester, on the river, A. Hylaild 
has lot 195, while the next river lot north, 241, the northwest lot of the plan, 
is divided between B. Alden (south half) and J. Sampson (north half). The 
next lot east on north line 240 is marked Phillips. Following the north line 
east on 238 we discover A. Richmond, on 237 Gyrus Dean, 180 Stetson & 
Gurtis, 181 John Walker, 182 Jno. Beals and A. Bates, 183 Josiah and Samuel 
Day, 184 Baile}^ Robbins, and Little, 185 Bailey, Robbins, and Gaswell, 186 
Bates and Harris, 187 Harris and Little, 188 Mitchell and heirs of J. Little. 
The two lots in northeast corner of plan are vacant. Lot 172 is owned by L 
Sprague and Little, 173 by Morse and Shepley, 174 and 163 next south bj'^ 
Grossman and Morse, 175 Ebenezer Mower, 176 Samuel Shaw, 177 G. Additon, 
178 G. Gurtis and others (names illegible), 200 R. Hill, 199 A. Grooker, 190 
J. Whitney and J. Gaswell, 209 Ichabod Allen, 201 J. Stafford, 211 J. St 
Glair, 210 Sampson Drake, 158 and north half of 157 John Stafford. Part of 
157 and 136 is given to B. Rackley, the south part of 136 being held by John 
Howe, Jr. Rackley & Brown has 216, and E. Adey the east quarter of 215. 
South of 216 on 217 is John Larrabee, and further south on 222 is S. Larrabee. 
The next south is 323 occupied by Samuel Bates, and the succeeding lots south 
225 and 229 are held by Jacob Fames. 234 next south of Fames is the John 
Daggett lot. 135 is marked " A. Merrill's heirs," and 134 the next lot east is 
inscribed L. Read. 114 and 115 south of the Merrill and Read lots are 
marked " Longley and Robbins," while " Pettengill and others " have 111 and 
112 and perhaps 113. Lots 103, 110, 147, 148, 166, 167, 168, 171, and portions 



506 History of Androscoggin County. 



of others are owned by the heirs of J. Little. Lot 109 is the " Barrell " lot, 
108 owned by Little and others, 107 W. Furbish & J. Hatch, 106 S. Richard- 
son and J. Hatch, 105 Hill and Chadbourn, 104 Nath Hill; these last are in 
the third tier of lots north of the south line of the town. In the fourth tier 
of lots commencing at the east side of the plan and going west is first lot 124 
Hackett & Thompson, 123 Furbush & Mullin, 122 Brothers Coburn, 121 Free- 
man, Eliphalet and J. Coburn, 120 Freeman & Jesse Coburn, 119 Herrick and 
Hussey, 118 J. Little's interval lot, 117 Barrell & Carey (school), 116 Wm 
Cutter. North of Cutter, Curtis & Saflord had 133, east of this T. Longley 
and L Coburn held 132, wliile north of the last two lots the heirs of Jona 
Mower had 138 and 139. John and Calvin Mower held 155 and John Mower 
154 lying directly north of 138 and 139. 137 west of these is marked S. 
Adams, and 156, just north of this, is put down to Jona. Mower, Jr. D. 
Hooper has 139. 160 is delineated as a pond or marsh, and 161 largely so, but 
held by Bailey, 162 " Quimby and heirs of A. Mower." 158 is held by the 
heirs of J. Little and Mower, while tlie lot east, 152, is held by W. Mower and 
heirs of A. Mower. Following east down the stream, 151 is owned by the 
heirs of W. Sprague (also 104 immediately north), 150 by M. Sprague and 
others, 149 by heirs of J. Little and Harris. 140, the lot where stands Greene 
Depot, is held by Haskell and Adams. Going east 141 is owned by W. Mower 
and others, 142 by Benjamin Quimby, 143 by Silas Harris and Wilkins, 144 by 
S. Harris and heirs of Moses Harris, 145 by Wm Harris and heirs of Moses 
Harris. The last lot in this tier is 146 owned by J. Little's heirs and others, 
while going west in the next tier south is David Thompson and others owning 
lot 125 (undecipherable names on lot 126), David and Daniel Wilkins held lot 
127, L Coburn and J. Coffin lot 128, and John and Jedediah Harris on 129. 

Gleanings from Totvn Records. — The first towu-meeting was held August 29, 1788, 
at the dwelHng-house of Samuel and Eli Herrick, on what is now the Patten farm. (All 
town-meetings were held here until 1793, when the annual meeting was adjourned to the 
new Baptist church.) Daniel Cony, Esq., was moderator. Benjamin Merrill, Sen., 
Lemuel Comins, John Larrabee, John Daggett, and Benjamin Alden, were chosen select- 
men; Benjamin Merrill, 3d, town clerk; Benjamin Merrill, Sen., John Daggett, and John 
Larrabee, assessors; William Sprague, town treasurer; Benjamin Merrill, Sen., Stephen 
Larrabee, and James Sprague, tithing-men ; William Sprague, Jacob Eames, Benjamin 
Brown, Lemuel Comins, Benjamin Alden, and William Coburn, surveyors of highways; 
Lemuel Comins and William Sprague, fence viewers; William Sprague and Joseph Herrick, 
field drivers; Ezekiel Hackett, Jr, informer of deer and moose; Joseph Herrick, Samuel 
Herrick, and Benjamin Quimby, hog-reeves; Jacob Eames, constable. The taxes were 
sold for collection to Benjamin Brown, at 1 1 pence on the pound. Voted to post up warrants, 
etc., at Messrs Sprague's and Crocker's mills, and at Messrs Samuel and Eli Herrick's 
dwelling-house. September 18, the first road was accepted. For representative to 
congress Hon. William Gorham had 12 votes. For the first elector of president and vice- 
president, William Widgery had 12; for the second, Daniel Cony, 8; Thomas Rice, 4. 
1789, April 6, it was voted to raise 100 pounds, to be worked out on the highway at the 



Town of Greene. 507 



rate of six shillings per day for men's labor, and four for oxen ; that twelve shillings of 
such tax should be assessed on each poll and the remainder upon estates. Voted that 
William Sprague procure a standard for dry measures, and that the town clerk purchase 
two books for town records, on the town's cost, containing one quire of paper each. 
November 2 accepted roads leading from main roads to John Daggett's, to upper side of 
town; from Samuel Herrick's to upper side of town; from main road to Abner Merrill's 
and to John Larrabee's; from William Sprague's to Reuben Coburn's, and several cross 
roads. 1790, April 5, Joseph Herrick, Luther Robbins, and Stephen Larrabee were chosen 
a committee to pick out two lots for the use of the ministry and schools, and to take deeds 
from the proprietors. For governor, John Hancock bad 20 votes. Voted to build a pound 
near the center of the town. 1791, April 4, it was voted that the law book belonging to 
the town be kept at the house of Messrs Samuel and Eli Herrick during the ensuing year. 
September, voted that surveyors of highways (each in his district) shall break or tread, or 
cause to be broken or trodden, the snow in the roads in his respective district when a snow 
falls five inches deep or upwards, within 48 hours after it falls. Voted that said roads 
shall be broken with a team of two creatures abreast, with a sled not less than 4 feet 
4 inches wide. 1792, April 2, voted that Joseph Herrick have the privilege of keeping 
the town law-book this present year, with his engaging to bring it to all town-meetings. 
John Larrabee, William Sprague, and Eli Herrick were chosen a committee to look out 
a convenient place for a burying yard. May 7 Greene voted 3(5 to two in favor of the 
separation of the district of Maine from Massachusetts. 1793, April 1, for governor, 
John Hancock had 12 votes. 

1794, April 7, Benjamin Morrill was chosen delegate to a convention to bo held at 
Portland to consider the expediency of the counties of York, Cumberland, and Lincoln 
being erected into a separate government, with instruction to vote against a separation if 
the new government would- bo more expensive than the present form. November 3 the 
town-meeting was held at the dwelling-house of Mr Samuel Herrick, and after adjourn- 
ment to the Baptist meeting-house, it was voted to hold town-meetings at that place in the 
future. (From this time until the town-house was built, all town-meetings were held in 
this church.) 1795, April 6, for governor, Samuel Adams had 35 votes. June 11, ''Voted 
to raise money to purchase a town stocl^ of amiuition," and then " voted to reconcider the 
last vote." 179G, April 4, for governor, Samuel Adams had 17 votes. $200 were voted for 
the repair of roads. 1797, June 26, John Daggett was allowed " 4 Dollars for Guide 
Board." An article in the warrant, to see if Elder Lemuel Jackson should be granted 
liberty to live upon lot No. 117, belonging to the town, was passed over. The Baptist 
society were given one-half of lot No. 140, belonging to the town, for the support of their 
minister. $60 were raised to purchase a town stock of ammunition. (There were very 
early two militia companies, one, the first, commanded by Captain John Daggett, the other 
by Colonel Sprague. Captain Daggett had a field on his farm where musters and trainings 
were held. On the top of the hill near the old Luther Robbins place is a level field 
formerly an old muster- field.) 1798, April 2, voted to deposit the town stock of ammuni- 
tion in the chamber of the Baptist meeting-house. October 1 Benjamin Merrill was 
chosen delegate to the convention at Hallowell to divide the county of Lincoln into two 
counties. 1799, April 1, $420 were voted for the repair of highways. 1800, April 7, $30 
were raised for repairing roads, $200 for schools, and $65 for other necessary town charges. 

1802, April 5, voted to release ten acres each of the ministerial lot to Samuel Mower and 
John Rowell for ten years, they to clear the land, put it to grass, and leave it well fenced. 

1803, April, the town was re-divided into eleven school districts. John Mower, Joseph 
Herrick, and William Sprague were chosen a committee to build a wooden pound, 28 feet 
square and 7i feet high, posts and sills to be 8 inches square, rails 2h or 3 inches thick, 



508 History of Androscoggin County. 



and from 5 to 6 inches wide, the timber to be cedar or white pine, the pound "to be 
located either on the lot where the meeting-house stands, or on Jonathan Mower's ground, 
as the committee may agree." 

1805, April 1, the burying grounds were located: "1, on the corner of Ammi R. Cutter's 
lot nearest to Benjamin Parker's house; 2, on James Perce's land, northwesterly corner of lot 
9; 3, on the northeast end of Daniel Crosman's land, on the county road, 10 rods x6 (not 
accepted by the town); on Jacob Eams's land, lots 227 and 230, laying by and on the west 
side of the road; 5, on John Allen's laud, where the ground is now improved for that use." 
The owners of the lands agreed to deed it to the town, provided the several districts would 
keep the ground fenced and in good order. 1806, April 7, for governor, James Sullivan 
had 113 votes, and Caleb Strong 10. 1807, April 6, voted to pay the expense of the pall or 
gravecloth purchased by Messrs Adams and Mower, and that the same should be kept by 
Jonathan Mower, who was directed to finish it off by binding and putting six tassels to it 
at the town's expense. 1808, April 4, $1,000 were raised for repairing roads, $500 for 
schools, and $300 for defraying other necessary town charges. 1809, May 1, voted that if 
a bank fail and the collector have bills on hand at that time and will make oath that he 
took none of them afterwards, then the town to bear the loss. 1810, April 2, for governor, 
Elbridge Gerry had 127 votes, and Christopher Gore 17. 1812, July 27, voted to make up 
to the detached militia of this town $10 per month, with the pay allowed by government, 
and the non-commissioned officers in the same ratio, and "voted to approbate the measures 
of our rulers." 1819, March 3, Luther Robbins was chosen representative from Greene to 
the General Court, with instructions to advocate the separation of the District of Maine 
from Massachusetts. September 20 Mr Robbins was chosen delegate to a convention 
to be held at Portland in October for the formation of a constitution for the new state, 
and December 6 the people of Greene by a unanimous vote expressed their approval of 
the constitution. 

1820, April 3, for governor, William King had 79 votes, Ezekiel Whitman 18, James 
Wingate, 18, Luther Robbins 2. 1824, March 22, voted to pay 20 cents each to soldiers in 
lieu of rations, as the law requires. For governor, Albion K. Parris had 50 votes, and E. 
Barren 1. 1825, September 12, for governor, Albion K. Parris had 77 votes, and Stephen 
How 1. 1827, September 10, Hon. Enoch Lincoln had every vote cast for governor — 03. 
1828, March 24, Moses Sprague, Silas Richardson, and John Quimby were chosen a com- 
mittee to procure information respecting the purchase of the old meeting-house for a 
town-house. 1830, for governor, Samuel E. Smith had 135 votes, and Jonathan G. Hunton 
83. Voted that the selectmen petition the next legislature to determine the line between 
Greene and Lewiston. 1831, September 12, voted that the selectmen procure a hearse for 
the use of the town. 1835, March 30, the selectmen were instructed to inquire into the 
expediency of building a town-house. September 28, the interest arising from the 
ministerial fund was apportioned among the several religious denominations in Greene as 
follows: To the Free Society, $111.55; to the Universalists, $111.55; to the Calvinist 
Baptists, $90.04; to the Freewill Baptists, $41.83; to the Methodists, $31.38. 1837, 
April 4, Captain Benjamin Allen was appointed agent to receive the surplus money from 
the state, and Elijah Barrell, Moses Sprague, Tristram Hill, and Aaron Daggett were 
associated with him as a committee to loan the money in sums not less than $10, nor more 
than $100, to the inhabitants of the town, and take satisfactory security for its re-payment. 
1838, John Fairfield (Dem.) had 153 votes for governor, Edward Kent 121, and F. 0. J. 
Smith 1. 1840, September 14, Kent (Whig) received a majority of Greene's gubernatorial 
vote. His vote was 147 to John Fairfield's 143. 1842, March 22, "Voted that the Select- 
men Don't grant licenses the present year" [for the sale of intoxicating liquors]. 



Town of Greene. 509 



1843, February 6, Hannah Bouney had one vote for representative to the legislature from 
the district of Greene and JMonmouth. J845, Benjamin P. Rackley was chosen constable 
and collector, and to avoid having to wait five or six years for the proceeds of the taxes, it 
was voted that the collector should receive no percentage for collecting unless he closed 
his bills within one year. September 8, "Voted that the traders of Greene be licensed to 
sell spirituous liquors in said town." 1848, July 1, the selectmen were instructed to take 
such measures as they see fit to oppose the petition of John Lombard and others to be set 
off into Webster. September 15, the selectmen were instructed by a unanimous vote to 
petition for a post-office at Greene Corner. 1850, March 8, the selectmen were instructed 
to petition the post-office department to change the names of the post-offices in Greene, 
calling the one at the depot, Greene post-office, and the one at the Corner, Greene Corner 
post-office. 1851, September 1, a committee of one from each religious denomination in 
town was directed to prepare papers, headed by the names of the Calvinist Baptist, Free- 
will Baptist, Universalist, and JSIethodist denominations, and put tbem into the hands of the 
school agents to be presented to every voter in their respective districts for their signature, 
to be placed in the column headed by the denomination by whom he would choose to have 
the ministerial fund expended. 1854, March 20, voted that every person in town be 
required to give in his valuation under oath; and every person refusing so to do shall be 
doomed in such a sum as the assessors shall see fit. October 2, Greene voted by 227 to 26 
that Lewistou should be the shire town of the new county of Androscoggin. 1855, 
September 10, for governor the total vote was 302, the largest vote yet in the history of the 
town. Samuel Wells had 143 votes, Anson P. Morrill 139, Isaac Reed 20. 1856, September 
8, Hannibal Hamlin had 165 votes for governor, Samuel Wells 105, George F. Patten II. 
1857, March 16, Benjamin Allen, Augustus Sprague, and Ingerson Parker were appointed a 
committee to buy a poor- farm for the town. 1858, June 7, the vote stood: For the 
prohibitory law of 1858, 146 votes; for the license law of 1856, none. 1860, September 10, 
for governor, Israel Washburn, Jr, had 162 votes, Ephraira K. Smart 117, Phineas Barnes, 3. 

1863, January 16, Robert S. EUms was designated at a meeting called for that purpose 
for appointment as postmaster at Greene. 1865, April 12, voted to raise $6,000, to pay in 
part the debt of the town. 1868, March 23, voted that school districts be allowed to 
choose their own school agents. 1869, April, it was voted to" revoke the liquor agent's 
license and return the liquors now on hand to the state liquor agency within five days. 
1871, March 20, the school agents were authorized to employ teachers in their respective 
districts. 1872, August 20, the selectmen were authorized to appoint a liquor agent for 
ensuing year, and it was voted that the liquor agent should be allowed to make sales of 
liquors for medical purposes only upon prescription or certificate of some regular physician, 
and should preserve all certificates on which he made sales and exhibit the same as 
vouchers on the settlement of his accounts. 1873, January 18, voted to exempt from 
taxation for the term of ten years any property which might be invested for the purpose of 
manufacturing in the town. March 17, voted to raise $150 for a free high school and to 
leave the matter of locating and conducting said school in the hands of the superintending 
school committee. September 8, for governor, Nelson Dingley, Jr, had 81 votes, Joseph 
Titcomb 71, and Joseph H. Williams 4. 

1874, September 14, Nelson Dingley, Jr, had 80 votes fbr governor, and Joseph Titcomb 
68. 1875, January 22, Augustus Sprague was chosen agent, to oppose the annexation of a 
portion of the tow^i to Lewiston. 1878, April 3, the selectmen and treasurer were authorized 
to fund the town debt for $8,000 at four per cent., to be paid $1,000 per year after five 
years. September 9, for governor, Joseph L. Smith had 104 votes, Selden Connor 90, and 
Alonzo Garcelon 32. 1879, September 8, for governor, Joseph L. Smith 102 votes, Daniel 



510 History of Androscoggin County. 



F. Davis 98, Alonzo Garcelon 43, S. D. Greenlief 7. 1880, September ]3, for governor, 
Harris M. Plaisted 155, and Daniel F. Davis 124. 1887 voted C. S. Stetson supervisor of 
schools instead of a school committee. 1888, March 12, a committee was appointed to 
make all necessary arrangements for a centennial anniversary. 1890, September 8, for 
governor, Edwin C. Burleigh had 85 votes, William P. Thompson 63, Aaron Clark 6, Isaac 
K. Clark 1. 1891, March 9, it was voted to abolish the district system. Appropriations: 
Highways, $500 in money and $1,600 in labor; schools, $800; purchase of school books, 
$100; current expenses, $800; payment on debt and interest, $100; observance of 
Memorial Day, $15. 

Early Action Concerning Schools. — 1790, October 4, John Larrabee, William Sprague, 
and Joseph Herrick were chosen a committee to define the limits of the school districts. 
1791, April 4, voted £12 for schools, the tax to be paid in produce — wheat, six shillings a 
bushel, rye, six shillings, Indian corn, four shiUiugs. 1793, £20 were voted for the support 
of schools. 1794, April 7, voted to raise £30 for schools, and Lemuel Corains, Jacob 
Eams, Asa Kolfe, Sen., Solomon Bates, Sen., John Larrabee, William Mower, Jesse Coburn, 
and Jabez Bates were chosen school committee. 1796, April 4, voted to raise £15 for 
schools. 1797, April 3, £40 were voted for schools. 1798 voted $200 for schools. 1799, 
April 1, the school districts were arranged as follows: First district beginning at the south- 
erly corner of the town, and on the Post Road as far as John Pettengill's, taking the two 
roads which lead, one by Captain Daggett's, the other by Benjamin Merrill's as far to the 
north as Samuel Tolbut's; second, beginning at Asa Eose's, Jr, taking all the mountain, 
so called, and to the northwesterly corner of the town, thence easterly as far as Cyrus 
Deane's, taking in Abiathar Richmond, John Caswell, and John Walker, etc.; third, 
beginning at Joseph Dunham's on the road to Benjamin Parker's, thence taking the north- 
easterly road to Amaziah Reed's, inclusively; fourth, containing all the other inhabitants 
of the town. .$200 was raised for schools, Lemuel Comins, John Larrabee, Benjamin 
Alden, William Sprague were chosen school committee, and directed to collect the school 
tax. 1801, April 6, $333.33 raised for schools. The school committee for 1802 were 
Benjamin Thomas, Thomas Stevens, Simeon Rose, Moses Harris, Zebedee Shaw, Barthol- 
omew Coburn, Cyrus Dean, David Littlefield, Phillip Judkins, Samuel Bates, Ammi R. 
Cutter. Voted to raise $250 for schools. 1803, April 4, voted to choose two persons out of 
each school district for a committee to district the town anew. Chose Benjamin Merrill, 3d, 
Freeman Landers, Captain John Daggett, Simon Wheeler, Jacob Eams, Aruna Briggs, 
Jarius Phillips, Benjamin Alden, Joseph Dunham, Solomon Bates, Cyrus Dean, John 
Caswell, Seth Barden, Luther Robbins, William Sprague, James Wesson, Ammi R. Cutter, 
John Mower, Captain Joseph Herrick, Jesse Coburn, James Peary, and Eliakim Hatch, for 
said committee. 1804 voted to raise $400 for schools. 1805, April 1, voted that the stake 
set up by the selectmen on the pitch of the hill on Eli Herrick's ground, be the place to 
build a school-house in the fifth district. 1808, April 4, $500 voted for schools. 1809 a 
meeting of school district No. 7 was called for January 22, to see what sum the district 
would raise to build a school-house. In 1817, the towm "voted to choose three committee- 
men to examine the schoolmasters," and Elijah Barrell, Dr Ammi R. Cutter, and Nathaniel 
Herrick were chosen "committeemen," and these were active many years. 



Town of Greene. 511 



CHAPTER XXVJII. 

Settlers and Descendants. 

SETTLERS AND DESCENDANTS.— i>mc-ow Lemuel Cmnmhu/^' was, 
probably, the third person to make his home in the wilderness of Greene. 
He came from North Yarmouth, but was a native of Charlton, Mass., 
coming to Maine in 1775. Deacon Cummings was the first deacon of the 
Baptist church, and, when the society was without a pastor, he was the 
acknowledged leader in the religious services. His house was one of the first 
framed houses built in town. He settled in the same neighborhood with 
Captain Daggett. Two of his sons, Lemuel and Peter, were deacons. Rev. 
Silas S. Cummings, born May 22, 1814, graduated from Kent's Hill Seminary 
in 1839, and, in 1840, became a clergyman and joined the Maine Conference of 
the M. E. church, and, until he was commissioned chaplain of the Fourth R. I. 
Regiment, in January, 1863, preached in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu- 
setts, and Rhode Island. After serving as chaplain he was employed in the 
Christian Commission, and July 1, 1868, was appointed missionary agent of the 
Baldwin Place Home for Little Wanderers in Boston, and began a career of 
usefulness in connection with that institution which is notj^et ended. 

Thoinm Taylor resided near the center for a time, but exchanged his real 
estate with Joseph Herrick, who moved from Boxford, Mass., to Lewiston in 
1772, came to Greene in 1780; married Mercie Preston, of Wilmington, 
October, 1775; she died August 16, 1820, and lie in September. She was a 
woman of strong intellect. Her sons inherited her mental force, and as a 
family were unequaled for scholarship and business capacit}^ by any in town. 
Of the sons. General Jedediah settled in Hampden; Joseph in Harmony; 
Samuel emigrated to Cincinnati, O., and died in New Orleans. Natlianiel, 
Seth, and Henry settled in Greene. The daughter, Betsey, became the wife of 
Caleb Bates, of Greene. UU and Samuel Herrlek, twin brothers, came from 
Methuen, Mass., in 1780. Eli died in 1813. Samuel moved to Leeds, and 
died in 1844. 

The Larrabee Family, from Yarmouth, settled between the center and west 
part of the town. Deacon John Larrabee, one of the first selectmen, filled the 
office several years, and was a joiner by trade. He had four sons and six 
daughters. Nathaniel married Penelope House, of Turner, lived several years 

1 The name Cummings was originally De Comines, the family having been domiciled iu France. 



512 History op Androscoggin County. 



ill town, moved to Parkniaii, where lie died, aged 83 years. John married 
Cynthia Mower, lived on the homestead, and died at 84. Josiah married 
Lurina Phillips. He died in Auburn aged 80. Ammi, the youngest, died at 
the age of 70. Sarah married Rev. Phineas Pillsbury; Phebe, Alpheus Drake, 
of Minot; Mary, Benjamin Parker, of Greene Corner; Hannah, William 
Parker, brother of Benjamin; Margaret, Thaddeus Sawyer; Deborah married 
Isaiah Coburn. Deacon John Larrabee died of the cold fever in 181G. He 
was eminent for piety. Stephen Larrahee^ brother of Deacon John, had five 
sons and four daughters. Samuel, William, and Jeremiah married daughters 
of Samuel Mower. Samuel lived several years on the homestead, moved to 
Leeds, and died aged 82. William settled first in New Portland, then moved 
to Wisconsin. Jeremiah settled in Parkman. One daughter married Joseph 
Herrick, Jr, and settled in Harmony. Rhoda married Deacon Daniel Briggs, 
of Minot; Polly married a Mr Waterman of Minot; Susanna lived in Leeds. 

Benjamin Raeldey came from Yarmouth when the Larrabees did, and settled 
on a farm adjoining Deacon Larrabee's, who was a brother to his wife. He had 
four sons, Benjamin, Samuel, Stephen, and one that died young. Benjamin's 
farm joined Deacon Larrabee's, being the one where William M. Longley now 
lives. He died at about 75. He married a daughter of Jairus Phillips. He 
was the father of B. Phillips Rackley, one of our best farmers, who lived near 
Greene Corner, where the old stage driver, Thomas Longley, lived. Samuel 
lived on the home farm till his death, at 28. Stephen settled in Leeds, was 
several years in trade, and accumulated a good property. One of the 
daughters. Temperance, married William Mower; Mary married Zebedee 
Shaw; another married a Mr Deane, of Leeds; the other, Asa Barden. Ahner 
Brown settled on the next lot to Benjamin Rackley. His sons were Samuel, 
married Elizabeth Mower; Benjamin, married a daughter of Jacob Stevens; 
Moses, Ambrose, and Abner. 

William Coburn came from Dracut, Mass., about 1783, with his sons, Jesse, 
Eliphalet, Joshua, William, and Joel. Joshua subsequently moved to Park- 
man, and Joel to Lagrange. Eliphalet died aged 55, William not long after, 
and Deacon Jesse at 83. All were men of piety. Isaiah, oldest son of Jesse, 
lived on what was known as the Key farm, near Keene's Corner; Jesse, the 
second son, at Barkerville, Lewiston. Deacon Jesse Coburn was born in 
Dracut, Mass., in March, 1765 ; he came to Greene when 18 years old, and 
resided here until his death, December 18, 1847. He was for many years 
deacon of the Baptist church, and was much esteemed. His youngest son, 
Calvin S., was born in Greene, September 1, 1813, on the farm where he now 
lives, and has been an agriculturist. He married Mary Keay, of Wolf- 
borough, N. H. Their son, Henry Harrison Coburn, was born in Greene, 
November 5, 1839, was educated at common schools and Maine State Seminary. 
He married Charlotte E. Robinson, and has children, Mary L., Benjamin A., 



Town of Greene. 513 



and Reid R. Mi- Coburn enlisted in the 2d D. C. Inf. Regt. (President's 
Guard), in May, 18(32, and served three years. He is a Baptist, a deacon of 
the church, a Republican, a member of the G. A.^R. and I. O. G. T., and is now 
serving his fifth year as selectman. He is a farmer, and the place were the 
Coburn's settled, which has since been known as Coburn Corner, and the farm 
on which William Coburn located, has never passed out of the name, and is 
now owned by the heirs of Simeon Coburn. 

John Mower (born in 1758) with wife, Elizabeth Edwards (a relation of the 
celebrated Jonathan Edwards) came from Charlton, Mass., about 1786, and 
moved into a temporary shelter and commenced clearing the forest where his 
grandson, Wilbur F. Mower, now lives, and in a few years by industry and tact 
had quite a clearing. He was a man of strong constitution, and understood 
the art of planning his work. His wife was willing and able to assist in this 
pioneer life, and with all the characteristic qualities of her family, which her 
children no doubt inherited, she was a most valuable acquisition to the young 
settlement. Mr Mower died aged 94 years and 10 months. They had seven 
sons and four daughters. The oldest son, John, known for 25 years as Master 
Mower, was educated at Hebron Academy and was one of the first school 
teachers born in town. He is remembered for his social and friendly habits 
and as a peacemaker. He was also a farmer. He married Mehitable Andrews 
(who died December 1, 1873), and died November 29, 1829, aged nearly 47 
years. Jabez, the second son, went to Vermont in 1811 to settle on land given 
his father by John Mower, of Maiden, Mass. He was 18 months in the War 
of 1812, and later was colonel of the militia. He died in Vermont in 1870, aged 
83. The thii-d son was Martin, who ultimately settled in Bangor, cleared a 
large farm, ke[)t tavern several years, and built a meeting-honse and parsonage 
on his own land. Leonard, another son, born in 1794, was educated at Farm- 
ington Academy and was a farmer. He served as selectman, was drum-major, 
and a trial justice for many years, and proved his ability. He married Lydia 
Robbins, who died at the age of 94. He died aged 82. Calvin, Oliver, and 
Josiah settled in Greene, as farmers. Josiah moved to Barkerville (Lewiston), 
and died in 18G9. Oliver Mower was born February 19, 1802, and has been a 
farmer, school teacher, justice of the peace, selectman, and was an ensign in the 
militia. He married Harriet H. Robinson, who died aged 67. Their children 
were Lowell M., Wilbur F., Francis O., a graduate of Bates, now teaching in 
California; Seward P. (dec.) ; Julia, "married V. H. Sprague ; and Harriet, 
married Gecn-ge Rowell. Mr Mower has been a worthy citizen. He was one 
of the members at the reorganization of the Free Baptist church, its clerk for 
thirty years, and has been deacon. In 1872 he wrote an historical sketch of 
Greene for the Atlas of Androscoggin county, from which we have obtained 
much of value. Lowell Mason Moiver is a prominent member of the Free 
Baptist church and succeeded his father as church clerk, and has been chorister 



514 History of Androscoggin County. 



for 35 years. He married Mary Clark Small, of Limington, and has two sons, 
Walter Lindley and Charles Mason. Wilbur F. Moiver was born in Greene, 
December 23, 1841. He was educated at common schools and Lewiston Falls 
Academy, and has been a school teacher and farmer. He served in the Civil 
War from July, 1862, until its close, as private, corporal, sergeant, color- 
bearer, orderly sergeant, and lieutenant in Company I, Sixteenth Maine. He 
was twice wounded and twice taken prisoner, and always showed the gallantry 
and courage of a true soldier. Mr Mower is a Republican, a Baptist, a member 
of the G. A. R., and an Odd Fellow, is an industrious and worthy citizen, and 
stands high in the estimation of his townsmen. He married Esther A. Longley 
in 1878; their children are Seward F., George L., and L. Blaine. Galvin 
Moiver, fifth son of John Mower, was a man of more than ordinary knowledge. 
He was a farmer by occupation, taught school and music, and was somewhat of 
a chemist. He was the father of Melville C. Mower, who with Sanford Mower 
and George Norris did the first work in Greene on the railroad. The daughters 
of John Mower, the pioneer, were Betsey (married Samuel Brown), Pamelia 
(married Ireson Parker), Jemima (married Samuel Ranlett, of Monmouth), 
now 94 years old, resides with L. M. Mower, and is the oldest person in 
town, retaining her faculties to a wonderful degree, Cynthia (married John 
Larrabee). 

John O. Moiver, son of John Mower, Jr, was born in Greene, April 19, 
1820, and became a farmer. He married Julia A. Libby in 1842. Their 
children are Leonard C. (dec), Wallace W., Emeline L. (dec), Clara S. 
(dec). Mr Mower is a member of the Baptist society, and a Republican. He 
was the first man in town to mulch fruit trees and introduce the system of 
scientific orcharding that has become such a source of revenue. In this 
department he is an artist as well as an artisan. As a citizen he stands in the 
front rank. Alfred P. Mower, brother of John C, was born in Greene, June 
17, 1824, and is a farmer and orchardist. He married Elizabeth G. Smith. 
Their son, Alfred A., was born August 10, 1800, and is a farmer on the home 
farm with his father. They devote time and labor to the improvement of their 
orchards and raise fine fruit. Mr Mower is a Baptist and a Republican. 

Frank N. Mower, son of Leonard and Lydia (Robbins) Mower, was born 
June 5, 1832. He is a mechanic and land surveyor. He has been selectman 
several years, town clerk and treasurer, and is a trial justice. He married 
Helen O. Shaw, January 11, 1857. Their daughter, Carrie Linwood, died 
April 1, 1881, aged 21 years and 4 months. Mr Mower attends the Baptist 
church, and politically believes 

"For forms of government let fools contest, 
What'er is best administered is best." 

Everett L. Mower, the oldest merchant at the Depot, was born in Greene, 
April 14, 1838, and was the son of Leonard and Lydia (Robbins) Mower. 



Town of Greene. 515 



Mr Mower established himself in the grocery business at the Depot in 1861. 
He was postmaster from 1863 to 1886, and was again appointed in 1889. He 
was selectman in 1877 and 1878, and town treasurer in 1889. Mr Mower has 
always been an ardent Republican, and in religion he is a Baptist. He married 
February 1, 1863, Julia Alexander. 

JonatJimi Motver, elder brother of John, Sen., came from Charlton, Mass., 
with his brother, and settled on an adjoining farm. He had three sons and 
two daughters, and died in 1841, aged 83. William, his oldest son, lived in 
Farmington, Jay, and Temple, where he died at 82. Jonathan, Jr, settled in 
Turner, where his sons, Harrison and Albion K. P. settled and became enter- 
prising farmers. He died in 1862. Peter S., the third son, settled in Jay. 

Thomas Stevens and wife, Esther Tucker, moved from Charlton, Mass., in 
1786, and settled in the west part of the town. He was an energetic and suc- 
cessful farmer. Mr Stevens, his wife, and a grandchild lost their lives by the 
burning of their house. His son John moved away; Aaron and Benjamin 
settled in town ; Benjamin subsequently moved to Auburn. Thomas, grand- 
son of Thomas, located at Fogg's Corner. Jacob, brotiier of Thomas, came 
from Charlton, married Martha Pettengill, of Lewiston, located on the farm 
near his brother. He was a man of endurance and activity, and accumulated a 
handsome property. He died in 1844. He had three sons: Jacob, who settled 
on a farm adjoining his father; John, who later moved to New Jersey, and 
Lora B. 

Be7ijamm Alden, a descendant of John Alden, was one of the early settlers. 
He was a native of Connecticut, and having served in the Revolution, came to 
this town soon after its close. He located on lot 241, afterwards occupied by 
Lewis Gilbert, who married his daughter Eunice. Beside the land owned by 
him in Greene, he bought and cleared extensive tracts in Turner near Keen's 
Mills. To each of his four sons he gave a valuable farm. He was a black- 
smith and followed the business in connection with his clearing and farming. 
He belonged to the Society of Friends, was in good standing among his fellow- 
townsmen, and served as selectman sixteen years ; and when he died, at the 
age of 84, it was said that he never had an enemy. 

Luther Rohhins came from Hanover, Mass., about 1788, and settled first in 
the northeasterly part, and later at Greene Corner. He was a very indus- 
trious, ready, and accurate business man. He was selectman, town clerk, 
representative to the General Court of Massachusetts several years, and post- 
master, holding each office many years and with fidelity and ability. He was 
proverbial for honesty and generosity. His sons were : Natiianiel, settled first 
in Winthrop, then Greene, next in Bangor, and then in the West, and possessed 
the valuable traits of the father ; Charles, in earlj^ life a cabinet maker, lived 
in Winthrop, and afterwards in Greene, was an autlior and composer of several 
pieces of music; Luther, Jr, a very ingenious mechanic, was first deacon of 



516 History of Androscoggin County. 



the Free Baptist church in Greene, and spent most of his life in town, but 
died in Skowhegan; Reuben settled in Greene, was a good farmer, and the 
father of John M. Robbins, who has been very successful in business, is a 
shrewd and careful financier, and is prominent in banking circles in Lewiston, 
where he resides. He is president of Manufacturers National Bank; Martin 
was drowned in Sprague's mill-stream at the age of 14; Calvin, the youngest, 
established himself in trade in Bangor. The daughters were Nancy, Betsey, 
who married Dr Alfred Pierce, and Lydia, who married Leonard Mower, Esq. 

Harrison Rose, son of Bradford and Mercy (Keene) Rose, was born in 
Greene in 1815. Bradford Rose was born in Taunton, Mass., and came to 
Greene in 1789. He located on lot 213, on the Androscoggin. His wife, 
daughter of John and Jerusha (Blake) Keene was also born in Taunton, and 
came when very young, in June, 1777, witli her father's family, to Turner. 
The land journey was made in an ox-wagon, with a horse hitched behind. 
June 8, 1800, Bradford Rose and Mercy Keene were married. Their cliildren 
were Jane, Alden, Rebecca, Mercy, Polly, John, Roxania, Emerson, and Harri- 
son. Harrison Rose has been one of the representative farmers of Greene. 
He married Lottie F. Gould, and his residence, Maplewood Farm, is one of the 
pleasant homes of the town. He is a Democrat in politics, a Universalist in 
religion, was chairman of the board of selectmen for several years, and a 
member of the legislature in 1861. He was in early life interested in military 
matters, was captain in the militia, and served in the bloodless Aroostook war. 
Simeon Rose came from Taunton about 1790, and settled in the northwest part 
of the town, and had seven children. Simeon and Ginefill lived and died in 
Greene. Hazael lived in Leeds, and Humphrey moved to Turner. Alanson 
and Solomon, grandchildren of Simeon, Sen., subsequently occupied the farm 
where he settled. 

John Allen, a native of Pembroke, Mass., born in 1760, emigrated to Turner 
about 1786, and was the first collector of the town. He had been a soldier in 
the Revolution. In 1790 he moved to Greene and settled on lot 207 on Clark's 
mountain. He died in 1834, aged 74. His mother was cousin of President 
John Adams. His children were John and Jairus, who lived in Turner, 
Thomas in Freeman, Gains went to Vermont, Isaac to Auburn, Ichabod died 
when 28, Sewall died when 19, Benjamin resided on the farm adjoining his 
father, and was born March 17, 1797, and died July 7, 1884. He was selectman 
and assessor for many years, representative several years, and was captain in 
the miUtia. He married Mira Blake, of Turner. She died in 1872, aged 69. 
They had two sons and seven daughters. Sewall, the eldest, studied medicine, 
married Lovisa Additon ; Benjamin E. lives on the homstead; Charlotte married 
Captain George T. Howe; Cynthia married Duane Mower; Lydia B.; Fannie 
married Dr Lewis Beal; Louisa A., married John M. Robbins, of Lewiston: 
Sabrina; Myra D. married David Libby. Benjamin Uvans Allen was born 



Town of Greene. 517 



in Greene, July 9, 1842; he married Lucinda R., daughter of Andrew J. 
Harris, in 1884. He is a Universalist and a Democrat, a member of the Grange, 
and tills the ancestral acres. 

Ulisha Keen about 1790 settled on a farm on the river. He had seven sons 
and six daughters. Elisha and Lincoln lived in Auburn, John at Keen's 
Corner, Samuel and Blake in Turner, Abiathar in Leeds. S. W. Mitchell 
married a daughter and occupied the old homestead. 

William Saioyer came from Wells about 1791, arriving, as he informed Oliver 
Mower, at evening with his wife and money enough to buy a gallon of 
molasses and a pound of tea. The next morning he purchased on credit of 
Jacob Stevens a bushel of corn and a piece of pork. The corn he took upon 
his shoulder and carried some six or eight miles to mill. With his bushel of 
meal, piece of pork, gallon of molasses, and pound of tea, he began house- 
keeping. From this modest beginning he became an independent farmer. His 
son, Captain Thaddeus Sawyer, who inherited his property, was a very intelli- 
gent jnan. Nathaniel L. Saivyer, son of Captain Thaddeus Sawyer, was born 
in Greene about 1815, and was graduated from Bowdoin in 1838. His natural 
abilities were of a very high order, and as a writer of prose and poetry 
he exhibited great originality, strength of thought, and vigor of style. He 
was admitted to the Kennebec bar, and practiced law a short time in Gardiner. 
He died of consumption in Greene in 1845. John E. Sawyer^ son of Captain 
Sawyer, has been a farmer in Greene. It is through his efforts that we are 
enabled to give so full a history of the Calvinist Baptist church. 

Zehedee Shaw came from Middleborongh, Mass., about 1790, with his 
parents, and located on lot 176, cleared his farm and made his home. He was 
one of the early selectmen and held many town offices. He married Mary, 
daughter of Benjamin Rackley. Their son, Samuel, was born December 16, 
1800, and died February 22, 1868. Samuel was a farmer and carpenter. His 
son, Roscoe V. Shaw, born March 27, 1831, married Emma Deane. Mr Shaw 
was a farmer on the home farm. He died May 26, 1881. Truman M. jShaw, 
son of Roscoe V. and Emma (Deane) Shaw, was born in Greene, November 
14, 1866, and educated in Greene and Lewiston. He married, September 27, 
1887, Annie S. Additon ; he is a Methodist and a Republican, and occupies 
and conducts the farm where his ancestors settled a century ago. 

The Harris brothers, John, Silas, Moses, and Barron, came to Greene prior 
to 1795. They were sons of Lawrence J. Harris. [See history of Lewiston.] 
Johi had three sons : John ; Joseph, who was a seafaring man, and married 
Cynthia Record; Jedediah, who went West. Silas had five sons: Nathaniel, 
a popular school teacher, a farmer, and merchant; he died in Greene; Silas, 
William, Aretas, and Josiah. Moses Little Harris, born December 25, 1772, 
was a man of great business ability. In connection with farming, he had a 
tannery, manufactured harnesses, and kept goods for sale, acquired wealth, 



518 History of Androscoggin County. 



and died December 1, 1820. He was captain of the militia. He married 
Rachel Hooper, who died March 18, 18G9, aged 95 years. They had four sons: 
David H., Moses, Henry S. (he married a daughter of David Thompson; their 
three .daughters were fine school teachers), Andrew J. 

Captain Andrew Jackson Harris, son of Moses L. and Rachel (Hooper) 
Harris, was born in Greene, January 22, 1815. He was educated at Greene 
and Lewiston, and resides on the extensive homestead farm. He married, 
December 18, 1840, Lucy Ann Greenwood, a member of the celebrated family 
to which belonged Rev. Dr Greenwood, once the pastor and noted preacher of 
King's Chapel, Boston. Mr Harris is of the famous Judge Story line. Their 
children are Lucinda R. (married Benjamin Evans Allen), Rev. Moses H., 
Greenwood (a farmer), and Andrew Jackson (a carpenter and shoemaker). 
Captain Harris has been selectman of Greene, and captain of militia for many 
years. He attends the Universalist church, is Democratic in his political views, 
a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Patrons of Husbandry. 

Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.I)., was born in Greene, May 14, 1845. 
He fitted for college at Edward Little Institute, Auburn, and engaged in 
merchandising in Lewiston with success. He was an original member of the 
Bates Street Universalist church of Lewiston, and was baptized by immersion 
in the Androscoggin river — the first of this faith in Lewiston to receive the 
rite in this form. He then prepared himself for the ministry, graduating with 
honors in 1870 at St Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., and, July 3, 1870, 
became pastor of the First LTniversalist church of Brattleboro, Vt. He 
organized churches in various places in Vermont and New Hampshire, for 
eight years was secretary of the state convention, and his successful labors 
wrought a marvelous change for good in the church work of the state. During 
his pastorate, which ended in 1879, he received 337 members. He became 
pastor of the first Universalist church of Worcester, Mass., October 5, 1879. 
Here he built up one of the largest congregations and Sunday schools of his 
denomination, cleared off a church debt of |28,000, and, in 1884, as an off-shoot 
of his society, formed the Second (All Souls) church, with a church edifice 
built and paid for. Li 1888 he received the degree of A. M. from a New York 
college. In 1890 he received a unanimous call to the Church of the Redeemer 
in Chicago, 111., and commenced his labors there May 4, 1890. In June, 1891, 
St Lawrence University conferred upon him the degree of D.D. Dr Harris 
was trustee and director of the Universalist Piiblishing House, Boston, from 
1871 to 1881 ; member of the executive board of Massachusetts Universalist 
State Convention eight years ; trustee of Dean Academy (Franklin, Mass.) 
eight years; and was on the Board of Visitors of Tufts Divinity School. He 
is a prominent Free Mason and an Odd Fellow. He married in 1871 Zelia E., 
daughter of Ambrose Willson, of Canton, N. Y.; she is a graduate of the Col- 
lege of Letters and Sciences and of a French college in Montreal. Few men 



Town of Greene. 519 



of his years can show such results from their labors. He stands very high 
in his denomination. 

Daniel Wllkins came from Dracut, Mass., about 1702, and located in the 
Harris neighborhood. He deserved his prosperity as he was an industrious 
and frugal farmer. He had three sons, David, Daniel (who married a daughter 
of Seth Herrick), and Enos, who succeeded to the homestead (Scott and Fraidc 
Wilkins are the present owners); his daughter married Eliphalet Coburn. 
David Wilkins settled on lot 143, and was a successful farmer, having his 
father's characteristics. He was called to his country's defense in 1812, to 
which he heartily responded, and was stationed at Bath. His daughter Araxine, 
married, February 28, 1867, Marshall Sawyer, son of Isaac and Eleanor (Wes- 
cott) Sawyer, of Gorham. Mr Isaac Sawyer, born March 22, 1794, was a 
soldier in 1812, and stationed at Portland. Marshall Saw3^er was born at 
Gorham, February 22, 1818. He was educated at Foxcroft and Charleston 
academies, and became a teacher. He came to Greene in 1809, and now owns 
and resides on the David Wilkins farm. His children are Alice M., a teacher 
and book-keeper; Edward P., entry clerk for Milliken & Co., Portland; Annie 
M., Lyndon W., John M., and Mary E. Mr Sawyer is a member of the Con- 
gregational church of Garland, and is a Republican in politics. 

John Moulton, the first of the family in Greene, located on lot 102. The 
Moultons are of Norman origin, and the name was originally de Miilton. As 
early as 1635 several of the family emigrated from England to America. John 
Moulton tilled the land where he settled in Greene, and was an industrious 
farmer, and died at the age of 86. His son Joel, born September 27, 1809, 
followed the vocation of his father, mariied Elizabeth Given, born in 1810, who 
died aged 80; Joel Moulton was 63 years old at the time of his death. Tlieir 
son, John W. Moulton., was born in Greene, January 12, 1849, and has always 
resided in town. He married Mary C. Hill; they have a daughter, Clara Ella 
Moulton. Mr Moulton is an agriculturist, a Republican, a Free Baptist, and a 
good and useful citizen. 

Tlie Stetmns are descendants of Cornet Robert Stetson. [See sketch of 
Professor W. W. Stetson.] Batchele.r Stetson, of Hanover, Mass., emigrated 
to New Gloucester, and in 1791 moved to Greene, and settled on the place now 
owned and occupied by Reuben Stetson. He married Margaret Nash, of New 
Gloucester. Their children were Hannah, Deborah, Turner, Caleb. Batcheler 
Stetson served through the Revolutionary War, and in the battle of Bennington 
received a charge of powder in his face. He died in 1825. Turner Stetson, 
born in 1788, died in 1847. He married Thankful Lombard, who was born in 
1795 and died in 1848. He was a farmer, and lieutenant in the militia. His 
son Reuhe7i Stetson, born March 25, 1813, followed the sea, was mate for six 
years, and is the only survivor of the crew that took the Stevens exploring 
party to Mexico and Central America. Subsequently he conducted his farm. 



520 History of Androscoggin County. 



He married Christiana, daughter of David Thompson, a very amiable lady. 
He is a Republican and a Universalist. Their cliildren were : Rev. Herbert 
Lee Stetson, D.D., born in Greene, October 16, 1847. When 16 he attended 
Edward Little Institute, Auburn, and later Monmouth Academy. His course 
of study was interrupted by seasons spent in teaching. In 1868 he entered 
Colby University. He removed to Illinois in 1871, was ordained at Griggs- 
ville, September 16, and was in charge of the Baptist church for three years. 
He added many to the church, and through his instrumentality a meeting-house 
costing 115,000 was built. From 1874 until 1878 he attended Morgan Park 
Theological Seminary, and was graduated as B.D. He was then called to the 
Baptist church of Logansport, Ind., and remained 10 years. He was an editor of 
the Indiana Baptist five years, and for three years was on the board of trustees 
of Indiana University. In 1886 Dr Stetson was awarded the degree of A.M., 
and in 1888 the degree of D.D. by Franklin College. He was called to the 
pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Des Moines, Iowa, in 1887, and subse- 
quently was one of the executive committee of Des Moines College and teacher 
of the scriptures. His services led to his unanimous election as president of 
the college in March, 1889, which was accepted. The endorsements of his 
especial fitness for the position were many. General T. J. Morgan, president 
of the State Normal School, Providence, R. I., said: " I believe Mr Stetson has 
many and peculiar qualifications for the position — good sense, energy, scholar- 
ship, executive force, teaching power, and that which underlies all else, high 
personal character." The students recognize in him a true friend and coun- 
selor, and his untiring labors for their interest are highly appreciated. Prof. 
W. R. Harper, of Yale, who had been closely associated with him several 
years, wrote: "Elect Rev. H. L. Stetson president, and give him full swing. 
Should this be done and provision made for the expenses of the next three 
years, the institution at Des Moines within five years would stand in the 
front rank of western institutions." William Wallace (see Auburn). Clement 
Skolfield, born June 10, 1853, has been a teacher and a lawyer in Illinois, and 
conducted a wholesale business in Indiana. Since 1884 he has resided on the 
home farm. James Henrij, born May 27, 1855, died May 2, 1884. He was a 
farmer and a very successful teacher, greatly esteemed and beloved. 

Benjamin Parker came from Freeport about 1800. Of his sons, Benjamiii 
was an active business man, and according to Oliver Mower was the originator 
of the business of Greene Corner. He erected the house and barn at the 
Corner, now owned" by Adelbert I. Clark, more than 80 years ago ; he also 
kept tavern, a store, carried on blacksmithing, etc., and went West about 
1813. Ireson settled in town. Edivard died in the War of 1812. Ingerson, 
it is thought, died at sea. William married Hannah, daughter of Deacon 
John Larrabee. The farm on which he settled lies on the river, and 
is unsurpassed for ease of culture and productiveness. He had seven sons 



Town of Greene. 521 



and four daughters. He held office in the militia, and died September 15, 
1850. Ingerson, the oldest, had a large and valuable place adjoining the 
homestead. Anslem 0. was in trade and died in 1850. Ammi L. graduated 
at Bowdoin College in 1838, was a contractor, died in Auburn in 1883. 
William S. married Mary A. Jack ; he was killed in the gale of July, 1870, 
while gathering hay. Alfred and Albion went to California, where they passed 
many years. The daughters were Almirn, who married John Townsend ; 
J'«W6' married Jones Bradbury; 3I<( r i/ marvied Lincoln Jack; and Lois, John 
Staples. Ingerson Parker, oldest son of William and Hannah (Larrabee) 
Parker, was born October 8, 1808, in Greene, and was educated in his native 
town. He was a farmer and school-teacher, served as selectman, and one of 
the school committee for many years. He married first Pamelia Parker, 
second, Ann W. Whitman. He died February 6, 1881. Earl Byron Parker, 
son of Ingerson and Pamelia P. Parker, was born in Greene, March 4, 1839. 
He was educated in Greene, Lewiston, and Auburn, and Hebron and Peru 
academies, and has taught 30 terms of school. He is a farmer and a lawyer, 
studied with Calvin Record in Auburn, and was admitted to the bar in April, 
1866. He is a Baptist and a Republican. He and his brother, Horace Scott 
Parker, born in 1843, occupy the homestead of their father ; another brother, 
Benjamin, died in 1867. 

John Parker, son of William, and grandson of Benjamin, was born in 
Greene, June 17, 1820, and has always lived on the place owned by his father, 
which he occupied and conducted with his brother William S. until his death 
by falling of the barn in 1870. This barn was 100x40 feet, and when built 
was the largest in the county. John Parker is a farmer and makes specialties 
of good hay and fine stock. He is a Baptist and Republican. He married, in 
1850, Mary S. Thompson, of Topsham, They have had these children : Corris 
A., John S., Clinton T., John H., Almira J., Minnie R., Isaac N., Myrtle M. 

Captain Jacob Royal Parker, son of Benjamin, Sen., was born in Freeport, 
January 18, 1798, and died November 1, 1874. He was an enterprising, frugal, 
and prosperous farmer. He moved from the river road and for several years 
was an inn-keeper at Greene Corner, where he was a popular landlord. He 
married Lois Robinson, born March 2, 1807, died August 11, 1889. Captain 
Parker was captain of militia in the War of 1812. His sons were Anslem and 
Charles, who settled in the West; Thatcher, who resided in Boston, but after- 
wards in the West ; Horatio died in the West ; and Almeron Bodge Parker, who 
occupies the homestead, and is an agriculturist. He married, November 8, 
1859, Eliza Ann Howe. Their children are Ralph A. 'Parker, A.B., teacher; 
Jacob L., clerk; Horatio P., and Edith S. Mr Parker is a member of the 
Baptist church, and a Republican in his politics. Jacob R. Parker's daughters 
were : Harriet, married Dr H. K. Wiggin ; Ann M. (Mrs John Merrill) ; Alice 
(Mrs A. B. Crosby) ; Mary and Lois, who married successively Henry Curtis, 
of Auburn ; Henrietta (Mrs Charles Osgood). 



522 History of Androscoggin County. 



James Lamh came in 1800 with three children, and his son, Major Merrick 
Lamb, was born in Greene that year. James Lamb subsequently moved to 
Leeds. Major Lamb was the only tanner in town. His sons were Thomas F. 
and Alonzo W. 

Samuel Chadhourn came from Wells about 1800, and was particularly useful 
as a carpenter and joiner. Jacob K., his son, settled in Greene, was the father 
of John, who reared a large family of sons, who were men of good habits, and 
inherited the mechanical skill of their great-grandfather. 

Thomas Longley (son of Jonathan Longley, born in Waterford, September 
7, 1767), was born in November, 1784, and came to Greene about 1804. He 
was a fine4ooking man, courteous and pleasing in his manners. He drove the 
first stage from Portland to Augusta, and was the first mail contractor on the 
"back route " from Portland to Augusta. He conducted staging for more than 
20 years, was an inn-keeper over 30 years, and a very popular man. He was 
a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Esther Parker, of Freeport. She 
possessed rare qualifications for a landlady, and as a dairy woman she excelled. 
She made a cheese weighing 380 pounds, which she presented to Governor 
Fairfield. Mr Longley died November 5, 1859 ; his wife's death occurred in 
1864. Their children were: Benjamin, who founded Longley's express, lived 
many years in Portland, then went to New Orleans; Samuel, a good farmer 
and citizen, a resident of Greene; William M. ; Josiah P., a merchant in 
Lewiston ; Cordis, a fine machinist, worked on the first ironclad monitors; 
Nancy, who married A. K. P. Mower, of Greene; Mary married Peter Moriscy, 
of Lewiston. 

William M. Longley was born in Greene, June 9, 1820, and attended school 
there and at Monmouth Academy during the principalship of the celebrated 
Dr True. He resided in Portland a few years and was clerk in the office of 
the Eastern Express Com[)any. Since his return to Greene he has been an 
agriculturist and an orcliardist, and in 1859 he erected the best dwelling-house 
in town, which he occupies. In 1864 he was chosen one of a committee of two 
to recruit the balance of the town's quota of soldiers, and was instrumental in 
filling the various quotas of the war. Republican in politics, he represented 
Greene in the legislature of 1869, and has served as selectman and as chairman 
of the board. He is a Baptist in his religious views. He married Emeline R. 
Sawyer; their son, William Willis Longley, was born March, 1851, and died 
June, 1859. 

William E. Longley^ son of Samuel and Delight B. Longley, and grandson 
of Thomas, was born 'July 25, 1838. He is a farmer, a Free Baptist in his 
religious affiliations, a member of the G. A. R., and served his country three 
years as a soldier. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows. William E. 
and his wife, Augusta M. Longley, have two children. Burton L. and Ada M. 

John Thomson, a native of Wales, who came to Plymouth, Mass., in the 
"good ship Ann," in May, 1622, was the first of the family in America. 



Town or Greene. 523 



Joseph Thompson, born in Falmouth, in 1756, and afterwards a resident of 
Lewiston, was a lieutenant in the devolution. His son, David TlKmipmn^ was 
born in Lewiston in 1785, married Lydia Stackpole, and settled in Greene. 
Their children were Nehemiah, Jane S. (Mrs Harris), Hannah W. (Mrs 
Furbish), Mary W., Christiana (Mrs Reuben Stetson), Rachel D. (Mrs Little), 
James H., Elizabeth S. (Mrs Fillmore), Phebe M. (Mrs Farrar), James H. 
Mr Thompson died December 29, 1874. James H. Thompson was born in 
Greene, November 12, 1822, and was there educated and has always been a 
resident of the town. He married, in 1858, Bethiah J. Buker. Their children 
were Arabella M. (Mrs Davis Sanborn), and Nellie J. (Mrs Milan Sanborn). 
Mr Thompson is a farmer, on the west shore of Lake Sabattus, a Universalist, 
a Republican, and belongs to the Masonic brotherhood. He went to California 
in 1850, where he remained until 1855, and was successful. 

Capt<(in John B. Hooper^ and brother, David, lived on the farm formerly 
occupied by their father. Captain David Hooper, of Freeport, who came to 
Greene about 1807. He was a man of great physical power ; led a sea-faring 
life, and was more than ordinarily obliging as a neighbor, and gentlemanly and 
honorable in his intercourse with his fellow-men. They carried on carriage- 
making and repairing. George W., a son of David, was born in 1849 and died 
in 1883. He possessed very original ideas and great inventive skill, took much 
interest in the raising of bees, and imported some from Italy. The Hooper 
force-pump, now in such extensive use, was his invention, the only one of 
many experiments that came to completion. Hooper pond perpetuates the 
name of the family. 

The Weymouth family was formerly in some strength here. Daniel Wey- 
mouth was quite prominent in affairs during the war of 1861-5. He lived 
where Silas H. Harris resides, on the shore of Lake Sabattus. His son, John 
W., resides on the Pacific coast. Joel Weymouth, son of Thomas, who lives 
in the east part of the town, and his son, Jethro, are the representatives of the 
family in town. 

The Hill Family^ of Greene, is descended from Joseph Hill, Esq., of Wells. In 
August, 1705, the Indians attacked his house, shot and wounded him severely, 
then struck Mrs Hill on the head with a tomahawk and scalped her, and left 
them for dead. They recovered, however. Mr Hill died in 1743, and Mrs 
Hill in 1737. Their grave-stones are \.n a good state of preservation in the 
First Parish cemetery at Wells. Mrs Hill's death was caused by the falling of 
the lid of a chest which struck her on the head, forcing the silver piece, which 
she wore as a protection over the wound, into her brain. This historic pair had 
Nathaniel, born in 1708 ; from him descended Nathaniel Hill, born in Wells in 
1769, who moved to Greene in 1808 with his son Tristram, born June 26, 
1806. Mr Hill settled on lot 104. He was a mill-wright, shoemaker, and 
farmer, a very useful man in the community, and served as constable for many 



524 History of Androscoggin County. 



years. He died in 1847, aged 78. Tristram Hill married Christina Spragiie, 
who died October 7, 1887, aged 70. Mr Hill was a school teacher and farmer, 
a justice of the peace for many years, selectman several times, represented 
Greene in the legislature, was a member of the school committee, and for several 
years was a wool merchant. He died December 2, 1877. Byron G. Rill, 
son of Tristram and Christina (Sprague) Hill was born in Greene, October 26, 
1840, where he has since resided, with the exception of three years' service in 
the army. He was educated at Greene and at Maine State Seminary, Lewis- 
ton. In 1865, he married Octavia H. Lowell. Their children are : Arthur C, 
Walter S., Clarence B., Annie M., Lester S., Dora M. Mr Hill has been one 
of the superintending school committee for many years; is a Baptist in his 
religious views, and clerk of the church, a zealous Republican, and a member of 
the G. A. K. He occupies and conducts the Hill farm, which from its elevated 
position commands a fine and extensive view. W. Scott Hill, brother of Byron 
G., is a prominent and successful physician of Augusta. 

Hon. Elijah Barrell. — The history of East Bridgewater, Mass., says that 
William Barrell died in 1806, aged 91 years, and that Joshua Barrell was a 
soldier of the Revolution, and in 1778 was an ensign. The family says that 
Joshua was a son of William, who died aged 92 in Massachusetts, married 
Olive Bass in 1769, had nine children, and in 1801 came to Turner, where he 
died in 1828, aged 82; that he was a blacksmith and not allowed to enter the 
army, but was kept at work on guns. Elijah Barrell was the sixth of Joshua's 
children, and was born October 28, 1783. He lived in Bridgewater and Salem, 
Mass., Augusta, Wiscasset, Bath, Paris, and Greene, was educated at Hebron 
Academy, became a carpenter, school-teacher, merchant, and farmer. He came 
to Greene about 1814, as a teacher, and, after a time, formed with Anslem 
Gary, the long-continued and successful mercantile firm of Barrell & Gary. 
He represented Greene several terms in the legislature, as a Whig, was in the 
state senate, held the various town offices, and a commission as justice for 
many years, and was trustee of Waterville College from 1825 to 1826. He was 
a Republican after 1854; for many years he was deacon of the Baptist church, 
and a Free Mason. He died November 19, 1866. He married Adaline S. 
Kimball in 1822. Among their children were Adaline E. (Mrs William 
Folsom), Emily S. (Mrs Nathan D. Stanwood), Ann J. (dec), Frances I. 
(married Rev. C. M. Emery), Nellie R. (married (1) Captain L. Lemont, (2) 
Virgil H. Sprague), Lillias W. (Mrs Charles A. Bradbury). 

Charles Aw/mtus Bradlmry, son of Joseph F. and Lydia R. Bradbury, was 
born in Auburn, June 15, 1842. His father was a farmer in Auburn, Lewiston, 
Greene, and Wales, and was son of Samuel Bradbury, an early settler of Minot, 
who was born December 4, 1777, and died September 16, 1843. Joseph F. 
Bradbury was born February 11, 1816, and died June 29, 1889 ; his wife, born 
September 15, 1815, died March 5, 1845. Mr Bradbury has been a farmer, 



Town of Greene. 525 



and was a member of Company G, Twenty-third Maine, enlisting September 
1, 18G2. He married Lillias W. Barrell December 6, 1867. They have one 
daughter, Alice J., a teacher. Mr Bradbury is a member of the G. A. R., a 
Baptist, and a Democrat, and has a large Jiiimber of friends, and a very pleasant 
home on a well-tilled and productive farm. 

Alfred Pierce., M.D., was a son of Benjamin Pierce, who emigrated from 
England and made his home in Westmoreland, N. H., prior to 1776. He was 
one of the signers of the "Association Test," and one of the "embattled 
farmers " of the Kevolution. He figured in civil as well as military affairs, was 
frequently moderator, and served as selectman. Dr Pierce was born in West- 
moreland, N. H., November 12, 1790. Plis wife was Betsey Kobbins, of 
Hanover, Mass. He came to Greene in 1817, and established himself as a 
medical man at Greene Corner. As a physician he was successful, and as sur- 
geon he took high rank. He always manifested a lively interest in educational 
affairs, was a member of the first board of superintending school committee, 
and for many years one of the trustees of Monmouth Academy. He was one 
of the leading men in town matters, served as town clerk, chairman of the 
board of selectmen, justice of the peace, and first representative to the Maine 
legislature. He was a member of the governor's council in 1839. For many 
years he was postmaster. In politics he was a Democrat of the Jacksonian 
school; in religion a Universalist, and was a leading man in the society. He 
possessed a pleasing address, was interesting in conversation, warmly attached 
to his friends, and peculiarly amiable in all his family relations. He died 
April 20, 1860. Mrs Pierce died October 19, 1878. Their children were 
Albion and Alfred. Br Albion Pierce was born in Greene, December 14, 1832. 
He was educated at common schools and at Monmouth, Hartland, and Gould's 
academies; attended the medical department at Bowdoin and Harvard, was 
graduated from Harvard in 1860, and there received his degree of M.D. Dr 
Pierce succeeded his father as physician. He has served fourteen years as 
town clerk, and has held the office of town treasurer. Like his father, he is a 
Democrat and prominent in the Universalist society, and he possesses many of 
his father's characteristics. Dr Pierce married, December 25, 1880, Charlotte 
1. Bailey. Alfred Pierce is a farmer on the homestead. 

Caleb Gilbert^ born May 9, 1780, son of Elijah Gilbert, who probably came 
from Plymouth County, Mass., about 1783 to Turner, married Diana Curtis. 
Of his children were Lewis, born April 15, 1801, and died aged nearly 84 years. 
He married Eunice, daughter of Benjamin Alden, the early settler of Greene, 
who was sixth in descent from John Alden, the first of the Pilgrim band to 
step on Plymouth Rock, and the last male survivor of those who came in the 
Mayflower, whose romantic love story was so beautifully told by Longfellow. 
Mrs Gilbert died at the age of 6Q. Lewis Gilbert removed from Turner to 
Greene, where he combined house carpentering and farming. Ziba Alden 



526 History of Androscoggin County. 

Gilbert, son of Lewis and Eunice ( Alden) Gilbert, was born in Greene, November 
4, 1832, and was educated at the schools in Greene and at Monmouth Academy. 
In 1860 he married Clara Bradford. They have two children, Clarence Irving 
and Jennie Louise. Mr Gilbert is a Universalist, a Republican, by vocation a 
farmer, and has been prominently connected with the agricultural interests of the 
state. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, secretary of the State Board 
of Agriculture, a trustee of Maine State College, president of Maine Pomological 
Society, and has been editor of the Maine Farmer from November, 1883. He 
is a positive man of great activity and pronounced convictions, and a writer 
of more than ordinary ability, wielding a keen and trenchant pen, and giving 
logical reasons in a pertinent way. His work in the preparation of the annual 
reports of the agiicultural and pomological societies show great labor and care, 
and thorough familiarity with the subjects and their details. 

jSilas Richardson was an early settler from Dracut. He was a shoemaker, a 
farmer, and an honest man. His son, Joseph M., succeeded to the homestead 
and possessed a love of horticulture and pomology. His experiments did much 
to call the attention of the people to improved orcharding. Mr Oliver Mower 
says: "Perhaps no man in town (except the Messrs Gilbert) knew so well 
how to give a tree symmetry of form and increase its productiveness with least 
expense as he." 

Hantiihal Farwell., FJi<q., came from Vassalboro about 1817, settled at first 
in the north part of the town, and subsequently lived on the farm formerly 
owned by William Mower. He was the father of Alanson B. Farwell, who 
was a law3^er and prominent man in Augusta. 

John Lewis Hoive, son of Lewis W. and Sarah (Parker) Howe, was born 
August 13, 1834. His father came from Leeds and was a son of Stephen, and 
grandson of Ichabod Howe, a pioneer of Winthrop. Lewis W. Howe was a 
farmer on the northern slope of Clark mountain. Mr Howe was born in Leeds 
in 1799 and died in 1858. John Lewis Howe was educated at the Edward 
Little Institute. In 1872 he married Mary Sparrow. He has served as select- 
man of Greene, and owns and carries on the homestead farm. He keeps 20 
cows, markets butter and cheese in Lewiston and Boston, and has an orchard 
of 200 fine fruit trees. He has marked mechanical powers. Among his 
inventions are a ditcher, with elevator to carry the dirt to the sides of the 
ditch, that can be gauged to remove any depth desired, a hay-lifter, patented 
July 22, 1884, very simple and rapid in execution, a churn, butter-worker and 
Salter combined, an article considered of unusual merit, and a butter-printer 
that moulds and prints 20 balls at once. The hay-lifter is in extensive use and 
its sales are rapidly increasing; experts pronounce the other articles not only 
great successes in their lines, but founded on true mechanical principles. As 
an evidence of Mr Howe's pluck and ability, we would mention that when the 
authorities refused to build a road laid out in his vicinity, he constructed it for 



Town of Greene. 527 



three-fourths of a mile, through dense woods, along a side hill filled with 
bowlders, at his own expense, at a cost of '|1,200. 

Francis Edivard Howe., a grandson of Stephen Howe, of Leeds, and son of 
Cyprian and Mary (Graffani) Howe, formerly of Leeds, later of Greene, was 
born February 6, 1842, in Leeds, where he was educated. Mr Howe married, 
January, 1869, Eleanor C. Pettengill. Their children were Lenora I. (married 
Fred Additon), Orrietta L. (dec), Lizzie J., and Ralph P. Mr Howe is a 
Methodist and a Republican, and is engaged in farming, and for a quarter of a 
century has conducted this business on the place where he now resides. He 
has 200 acres of land and 17 cows, and gives especial attention to the pro- 
duction of a fine quality of butter and cheese. 

Moses C. Howe, brother of Francis E., was born in Leeds, January 2, 185(3. 
He was educated in Leeds and Greene, and combines farming with his trade of 
a carpenter, and is an industrious and useful citizen. In 1886 he married Ef^e 
L. Norton. Their children are Theo N., Mary E., and M. Gertrude. Mr 
Howe is a Republican politically, and a Methodist in his religious views. 

Charles W. Waslihurn was born in Windsor. His father, Cyrus Washburn, 
was born in Minot in 1796, and died in 1880, and was the son of Isaac Wash- 
burn, originally from Bridgewater, Mass., whose ancestors were among the 
proprietors of that town. His mother, Lois, daughter of Dai]iel French, was 
born in Turner in 1801. Charles M., married Louisa, a daughter of Hart 
Briggs, Jr, of Turner. Tlieir children are Susan L. (Mrs Otis Deane of 
Leeds), Charles A., and Stella A. (Mrs Fred T. Hill). Mr Washburn is a farmer, 
and a Republican in politics, has been one of the selectmen, assessors, and 
overseers of the poor for 18 years, and represented Greene in the legislature in 
1880. Charles Addison Washburn, A.B., was born in Greene, May 23, 1861. 
He is a teacher, acquired his education in Greene, Lewiston, Nichols i^atin 
School, and Bates College, and was assistant at the Edward Little High School, 
Auburn, when he resigned in 1891 to become sub-principal of the Cony High 
School at Augusta. In 1886 he married Olive W. Parsons. His religious 
views are in accord with the Unitarians ; he is a Democrat and a member of 
the Masonic order. 

Adelhert In;/aUs Clark, a grandson of Amos Clark, of Newburyport (who 
was drafted to serve on Plum Island in the War of 1812), and a son of Amos 
Clark, Jr, and Olive H. Clark, was born in Greene, July 21, 1838. His father, 
a native of Newburyport, was educated there, and was a carpenter and a 
machinist. He subsequently settled in Greene, where he was a valued citizen. 
He was a corporal in the Aroostook War. He died in 1876. Adelbert I. Clark 
was educated in Greene, is a farmer and Republican. He is a veteran of 
the Civil War and served three years, enlisting February 17, 1862, in Com- 
pany G, Thirteenth Maine. He was transferred to Company H, Thirtieth 
Maine, December 26, 1864, and mustered out February 17, 1865, at Winchester, 



528 History of Androscoggin County. 



Va. He served under General B. F. Butler, and General N. P. Banks in the 
Department of the Gulf, and under General Phil Sheridan in the Shenandoah 

Valley. 

Lorenzo Doio Manmn^ grandson of Samuel Manson, who was a native of 
Gorham, born in 1775, moved to Limington early in life, and died aged 94 
years. The Manson family were pioneer settlers of Limington. Joseph 
Manson, son of Samuel, was born in Limerick, m 1804, and died at the age of 
87 years. He married Martha R. Sedgley, and in 1836 removed to Greene, 
where, in 1839, their son, Lorenzo D. Manson, was born. Mr Manson was 
educated at Greene and Kent's Hill, is a farmer. Free Baptist, Mason, and a 
Republican. In 1865 he married Emily S. Adams. Children: M. Cathie 
(dec.) and Ethel B. 

Samuel W. Adams, a grandson of Nathaniel Adams, and son of Ivory and 
Joanna L. (Watts) Adams, was born in Greene, November 24, 1846, and is one 
of the agriculturists of his native town, making a specialty of dairying. He 
married in 1867, Mary Mitchell. Their children are : Stephen M., Hannah, 
and Lucy. Mr Adams is a Republican in politics and Universalist in religious 
belief. He enlisted in the U. S. service, April 16, 1864, in the First Maine 
Heavy Artillery, and was stationed at Portland and Boston, and is a member of 
Custer Post, G. A. R., Lewiston. 

Wi Hodgkins, gi-andson of Benjamin, of Harpswell, and son of John M. and 
Almira (Hodgdon) Hodgkins, was born in Greene, December 14, 1847. His 
father came to Greene from Brunswick about 1836, and located in the west 
part of the town. Mr Hodgkins was a prominent member of the Free Baptist 
church. He died June 23, 1863. Mrs Hodgkins died February 23, 1890. Eli 
Hodgkins was representative from Greene to the legislature in 1887; has been 
chairman of the board of selectmen for three years; trustee of Androscoggin 
Agricultural Society for 12 years; master of Androscoggin Grange, P. of H.; 
overseer of the County Grange, and for several years superintendent of the 
Free Ba[)tist Sabbath school. He is a farmer and mechanic, a Republican, and 
member of the Free Baptist church, and a good citizen. He married, September 
3, 1884, Nettie H., daughter of Calvin Robbins, of Buckfield. They have a 
daughter, Ida Belle Hodgkins. Calvin Robbins was the son of Joseph Rob- 
bins, who came from Hanover, Mass., and settled in Minot about 1788 or 1789, 
and was a brother of Luther Robbins of Greene. 



Town of Greene. 529 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

Baptist Church — First Meeting- House ^ First Church Bell — Universalisiu — Free Bap- 
tist Cluirch — Metliodists — Advcntists — Schools and Teachers — Temperance — Eev^olu- 
tion — War of 1812 — Madawaska War — Rebellion — Centennial —Longevity — Burying 
Grounds — Physicians — Orcharding and Orchardists —Merchants — Some Smart Things 
Done l)y Greene Men — Natives of Greene Attaining Prominence — Civil List. 

BAPTIST CHURCH. — Rev. James Potter was the first to carry the gospel 
to these people, and several professed Christ and united with the church 
in Lewiston. In 1703 a Church of Christ was organized by Elders Case, 
Potter, and Maconiber. "A list of the persons names which were Imhodyed 
ill Greene August 15 AD 1793 as a Church of Christ": Lemuel Comins, John 
Larrabee, Jacob Stevens, Benjamin Cole, Amaziah Reed, John Allen, John 
Comins, Jonathan Mower, Samuel Brownen, Jairus Phillips, Solomon Comins, 
Benjamin Parker, Rachel Comins, Jane Larrabee, Mary Daggett, Keziah Cole, 
Sarah Mower, Mary Herriden, Sally Young, Silance Phillips, Susannah Com- 
ings, Rhoda Reed, Anna True, Anna Rackley, Polly Larrabee. Mr Potter 
visited them fiequently until they had a pastor. In 1794, 19 were added to 
the church. In 1797 Rev. Lemuel Jackson, of Sidney, became pastor, and, soon 
after he entered upon his duties, a season of mercy added 35 to the church 
membersliip. The first deacon was Lemuel Cummings, who was one of the 
early settlers of the town and a Congregationalist. As the new settlement was 
then without religious teaching, Mr Cummings suggested that the people 
should assemble on the Sabbath for worship, and he officiated as leader and 
held meetings in various dwellings, awakening great interest. When Elder 
Potter came, Mr Cummings was at first indiff'erent to the ordinance of baptism, 
but subsequently he came to a firm belief that " Christ immersed in the river 
Jordan, as an example and pattern to all his followers." He was baptized by 
Rev. William Stinson, united with the church and served it as deacon until 
age obliged him to resign. When Rev. Paul ColTin was here in 1800, he wrote: 
" The people are half Baptists, one-fourtli Methodists, a few Friends, and the 
rest Coijgregationalists." 

From 1802 to 1808, when the church was without a pastor. Deacon Cum- 
mings was a strong leader. In 1805 there was some revival and the church 
increased. In 1808 Rev. Thomas Wyman preached here for one year; in 1810 
Rev. John Daggett ministered to this flock, and continued 10 years. During 
his pastorate, in 1817, the presence of the Lord was felt, and the church was 
increased by 60 new members. From 1821 to 1824 the church was again 



530 History of Androscoggin County. 



without a pastor, and suffered a loss of members. In 1825 it is said that the 
publication of Zloiis Advocate was decided upon as the state organ of the 
Baptist church at a conference held in the house of Elijah Barrell. Rev. 
Daniel Pierce then became pastor, and in 1826 this church was blessed and 74 
members were added by baptism. Rev. David Nutter and other ministers in 
the vicinity aided in this work. Rev. Reuben Ball was here in 1826. Rev. 
Samuel Fogg supplied from 1828 to 1831; D. P. Bailey from 1833 to 1835; in 
1839 Rev. Phineas Pillsbury was pastor, and in 1840 54 were added by baptism. 
This aged man labored successfully as a preacher for 55 years. He died 
November 4, 1859. Rev. Martin Byrne came here in the spring of 1846, and 
preached one year. Rev. Cyrus Case came in February, 1848, and resigned in 
September, 1852. He died in Patten in 1874. It is said that his last sermon 
was from the text, "-We all do fade as a leaf." Rev. Arthur Drinkwater 
became pastor in 1854. He was succeeded in the spring of 1857 by Rev. W. 
T. Sargent, who remained with the church about seven years. During his 
pastorate between 50 and 60 members were added to the church. He was a 
very popular pastor, and since he left Greene has frequently visited the town 
to solemnize marriages, attend funerals, and to baptize. Rev. David Nutter 
supplied the pulpit most of the time from 1864 to August, 1865, when Rev. 
T, W. Emerson became pastor. He remained about 18 months, and was suc- 
ceeded by Dr Wilson, who was with the church during the year 1868. It is 
said that he visited every family in town, and always walked. He was born in 
Topsham in 1794, graduated from Bowdoin College in 1819, and was the first 
editor of Zurns Advocate. From 1872, Rev. C. R. Daggett was pastor for 
about three years. Rev. C. M. Emery came in 1878. During his pastorate the 
vestry was finished, a parsonage built, and a church debt paid off. April 15, 
1882, Rev. Mr Emery closed his labors with this church, and was succeeded by 
Rev. O. Richardson, who was dismissed September 27, 1885, and went to the 
North Livermore church. February 14, 1886, Rev. Robert Scott became pastor 
and continued until April 27, 1890. 

Deaco7is. — The first deacons of the church were Lemuel Cummings and 
Benjamin Cole, chosen October, 1793. Deacon Cummings was born in 
Charlestown, Mass., in 1745, and came to Maine in 1775. Lemuel Cummings, 
Jr, succeeded his father ; Deacon Cole served until 1797, when John Larrabee 
was chosen to fill his place, and retained the office until his death, when Jesse 
Coburn was chosen. Elijah Barrell was chosen deacon in 1838; Josiah 
Larrabee, in 1842; James Coffin, in 1850; Silas Sprague, in 1858; Joseph 
Jackson, in 1858; A. K. P. Mower was deacon in 1872; V. H. Sprague and 
H. H. Coburn were chosen in 1878. Mr Mower, Mr Sprague, and Mr Coburn 
are the present deacons. Clerks. — John Allen was chosen clerk, August 17, 
1793; John Daggett, Sen., January 10, 1799 ; Elijah Barrell, March 9, 1820, and 
was clerk 37 years; Silas Sprague, December 24, 1857; Virgil H. Sprague, 



Town of Greene. 531 



October 17, 1867; W. F. Mower, December 21, 1875 ; J. M. Jackson, December 
31, 1878. Byron G. Hill is the present clerk. 

' r//e First Meeting-House was built about 1794. It was located about 15 rods beyond 
where Leauder Patten lives, on the left side of the road leading to William Sprague's 
house. It stood about four rods from the road, and end to the road. Deacon John 
Larrabee and his brother Stephen did the joiner work. It was one story high, 10 feet 
posts, 40 feet long, and about 36 feet wide. There was no steeple or chimney. It was 
finished outside, but no paint outside or in. It was underpinned with small, loose, flat 
stones, rough stone door steps. There was a rude post-and-rail fence on three sides, 
leaving the space next the road open. The outside door was in the center of the front, 
and was in two parts, opening directly into the house, there being no entry or porch. The 
inside was wholly unfinished, there being no plastering, not even a loose floor overhead. 
There was, in one corner of the chamber, a space boarded up, where the town kept its 
powder for military purposes, with a very small door, secured by a padlock. The desk, or 
pulpit, was on the back side of the house, opposite the door. It was raised two or three 
feet above the floor, a plain straight front, and a common board seat, without cushion or 
carpet. There was one row of pews around the walls — I think 22 in all, eight on the front 
side, six on the back side, and four on each end, not counting the corner pews twice, the 
corner pews were each six feet square, the others were all six feet one way, and varied 
from four to five feet the other. They were raised 10 inches above the floor, and were about 
four feet high, made of plain boards or panel work. The railing of the pews was a board 
six inches in width, with an open space of the same width, with small wooden pillars 
between, about one inch in diameter. There were plain board seats on three sides of the 
wall pews, the doors were in the center of the pews next the aisle. In the corner pews 
were four seats, the doors being in the corner. The body or center of the house was 
occupied by two rows of plank seats. These seats were free to all. The singers sat in 
one of these seats, there being no gallery. There was a bench in front of the pulpit, 
called the deacon's bench. There were 12 windows in the house, two each side of the 
door on the front side, two each side of the pulpit on the back side, and two in each end. 
Each window contained, I think, but am not certain, 20 panes of 6x8 glass. There was 
no stove in the house from 1794 to 1825 — 31 years. Meetings were held in the winter 
season alternately in the Centre and Coburn school-houses until 1825. The house we now 
occupy was raised in May, 1827, was dedicated in July, 1828. From 1825 to 1828 they had 
a stove in the old house. There were no sheds around the house ; rain or shine, cold or 
hot, every post was a hitching-post. Prior to 1810 or 1811, when the first carriage was 
brought into town by Benjamin Parker, and after, people went to meeting on foot and on 
horseback in the summer season. There were two sermons, one in the forenoon and one 
in the afternoon, with an hour's intermission, no Sabbath school. The people nearly all 
left the bouse, and went off" in different directions, to spend the recess, returning at 1 
o'clock. I think the people would not have been willing to have paid the minister more 
than half price for one sermon, when they could not remember half of that. 

The First Church Bell in the town was raised to its position on the Baptist church. 
September 21, 1886, in the presence of a large concourse. The first strokes were rung by 
Mr Isaiah Coburn and Col Augustus Sprague, two of the oldest inhabitants. The bell 
is a Meneely, weighing 1,000 pounds, and is of fine tone and finish. 

Universalism. — The Universalists were quite strong in numbers, and at a 
meeting held September 11, 1826, "for the purpose of consulting the propriety 

1 By John E. Sawyer. 



532 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. 

of building a Meeting House in Greene, to be called the First Universalist 
Meeting House in the town." A. R. Cutter was chosen moderator, Nathaniel 
Robbins, clerk, and Joseph Bailey, Luther Robbins, Turner Stetson, Elisha 
Keen, Caleb Bates, Thomas Longley were chosen a committee to superintend 
the building of the house. At a meeting in October, Alfred Pierce, Esq., was 
added to this committee. October 23 a meeting was held at the Centre 
school-house, and Dr A. R. Cutter was chosen treasurer and collector for the 
first Universalist Society in Greene, and it was voted to proceed in building 
the meeting-house, and this work was carried on to completion. March 28, 
1829, this petition for a warrant to be issued was addressed to Alfred Pierce, 
Esq., one of the justices of the peace: " We the Undersigned Citizens of Maine 
over twenty-one years of age, being desirous of forming ourselves into a 
religious Society in the town of Greene, to be called the first Universalist 
Society in Greene and vicinity hereby request you to issue your warrant 
directed to one of the undersigned requiring him to notify a meeting of the 
petitioners to be held at the House of Ammi R. Cutter in Greene on the 
eleventh da}'^ of April next, for the purpose of organizing said Society, 
choosing such officers and transacting such business as religious societies are 
by law allowed to have and transact, Ammi R. Cutter, Luther Robbins, Elisha 
Keen, Joseph Bailey, Silas Richardson, Caleb Bates, David Hooper, Bradford 
Rose, Turner Stetson, Houghton Sumner, Jonathan Shepley, Elisha Stetson, 
Nathaniel Robbins, Russell Read, Eleazer Crocker, David Cary, Nathaniel 
Hill, Alfred Pierce, Reuben Bates, Solomon Brown." 

The meeting was held at Dr A. R. Cutter's house, a constitution was drawn 
up, accepted April 23, 1831, and signed by Luther Robbins, Caleb Bates, 
Bradford Rose, Elias Drake, Turner Stetson, Alfred Pierce, Benjamin Allen, 
Barak Record, Daniel Plumer, Nathaniel Hill, Simeon Rose, Solomon Brown, 
Jonathan Shepley. Luther Robbins appears as moderator, Nathaniel Robbins 
as clerk, and Alfred Pierce as tieasurer in the records of the early meetings; 
then come Silas Richardson and Solomon Brown and Luther Robbins again as 
moderators, Moses Adams as collector, and Isaac N. Thomas, and later Alfred 
Pierce, as clerk. From the first, meetings were held, preachers employed, and 
the ministerial fund wisely expended, for in 1830 it was voted "not to expend 
more than one-half the fund the present season." This year the fund 
belonging to the Universalists was 1111.55. This year these clergymen were 
employed: Rev. Wm A. Drew, Rev. D. T. Stevens, Rev. G. W. Farr, Rev. 
Jabez Woodman. In 1851 Alfred Pierce was chosen " to represent the 
Universalist Society on the committee designated by the town at the last 
annual meeting to be chosen one from each of the religious denominations in 
said town for the purpose of receiving tiie money to be distributed from the 
ministerial fund and apportion the same among the several religious denomi- 
nations in said town" and Tristram Hill, Henry S. Harris, and Plarrisou Rose 



Town of Greene. 538 



were chosen to expend the proportion coming to this society, whicli, in 1852. 
amounted to '170; the Calvinist Baptists receiving 175.48; the Free Baptists, 
i61.97; and the Methodists, $39.47. No record occurs from September 1, 
1851, to August 20, ISnO, when Harrison Rose was chosen secretary, and Job 
Carville, Albion Pierce, John B. Hooper " a standing committee to collect and 
receive the interest in the ministerial fund voted to be divided at the last 
annual town meeting." 

There were occasional services held, but the society lost its organization 
and no united effort was made in the interest of liberal Christianit}^ until 1879, 
when the following indicates a movement which resulted in a new organization, 
and the keeping up of life in this religious direction. March 22, 1879, this 

Petition and warrant for a new organization of a Universalist society in Grreeno was sent 
to Albion Pierce, a justice of the peace in and for the county of Androscoggin. "The under- 
signed, each of the age of 21 years or more, and a majority of wliom reside in said county, 
being desirous of becoming an incorporated parish or religious society, under the name of 
the First Universalist society in Greene, request you to issue your warrant to one of tliem, 
directing him to notify the other applicants to meet at some proper place on the 29th day 
of March, A. D. 1879, for the purpose of organizing such a parisli by clioosing a clerk and 
other needful parish officers. Signed by Harrison Rose, Hayden Bigelow, Oriu Austin, 
John E. Parker, George Nutting, Albion Pierce, John B. Hooper, Andrew J. Harris, W. G. 
Rogers, Jedediah Caswell, Edward Sedgely, Benjamin E. Allen, Elijah S. Daly." 

Harrison Rose was directed to call the meeting, which was held at the 
meeting-house March 29, and Harrison Rose was chosen moderator, Hayden 
Bigelow clerk, and it was voted to organize a religious society as before 
mentioned; also voted to accept of a constitution and by-laws read and 
presented by Hayden Bigelow. Chose Harrison Rose, Albion Pierce, Hayden 
Bigelow, trustees; Albion Pierce, treasurer; and E. S. Daly, collector. The 
trustees were instructed to procu;'e a quitclaim deed to the society of original 
pew-owners as are now living, or as many as possible. April 12, 1879, voted to 
repair the meeting-house, and April 26 the society voted " to accept of the quit- 
claim deed of original and present pew-owners of the Universalist meeting- 
house and request the clerk to have it recorded." August 24, 1880, the 
membership of the society was increased by the addition of ten persons. 
September 14 voted to remodel and thoroughly repair the church. This was 
done at an expense of $550. In 1881 the ofificers chosen were: Hayden 
Bigelow, clerk; Dr Albion Pierce, A. J. Harris, Benjamin E. Allen, trustees; 
Albion Pierce, treasurer ; and E. S. Daly, collector. The votes for the years 
from this time to 1886 concerning the preaching are, "to instruct the trustees 
to have Sabbath services as they see fit with money in the treasury and by 
subscription." 

The First Free Baptist Church^ in Greene was organized April 7, 1826, by 
this committee, sent from Bowdoin Quarterly Meeting: Rev. Benjamin Th(n'n, 



1 By LoweU M. Mower. 



534 History of Androscoggin County. 



Rev. Samuel Robbing, and Rev. Asa McGray, a visiting elder from Bennington, 
Nova Scotia. Rev. Samuel Robbins explained the doctrine of the connection 
usually known as Free Will Baptists, and Rev. Benjamin Thorn explained what 
was understood to constitute a church in gospel order according to the New 
Testament, after which these persons formed themselves into the above church: 
Samuel Bates, Levi W. Merrill, Peter Freeman, Enos Merrill, Azor Merrill, 
James Cummings, Sally Merrill, Sarah Bates, Betsey Cummings, Naomi Merrill, 
Sarah Pratt, Abigail Libby, Dorcas Libby, Sally Fogg, Sarah Freeman, and 
Cynthia Cummings. The right-hand of fellowship was given by Rev. Samuel 
Robbins, in behalf of the Quarterly Meeting. Rev. Samuel Robbins was 
chosen pastor of the church, James Cummings, clerk. At a church meeting, 
September 17, 1827, Luther Robbins and Levi W. Merrill were chosen deacons. 
A noted revival, under the labors of Elder Robbins, resulted in a large number 
being added to the membership. In 1828 a church edifice was built in the west 
part of the town near the river. This church has been blessed with many 
faithful ministers, who have labored with good results. In 1833, during the 
pastorate of Rev. Gideon Perkins, several persons were baptized and united 
with the church. From 1840 to 1842 there was a powerful revival under the 
labors of Rev. Ebenezer G. Eaton, by wliom 58 were baptized and received 
into the church. In 184G there was another gracious revival, under the labors 
of Rev. Jairus Fuller, resulting in 20 being added by baptism to the church. 
These revivals carried the center of membership away from the former location, 
near the river, and for several years the meetings were usually held in school- 
houses, until 1846, when a part interest was purchased in the Universalist 
church at Greene Corner, where the church worshiped until the erection of the 
present church building. For five years previous to 1846 the church was in a 
very low state, and by advice of a council sent from the Quarterly Meeting it 
was decided to disband and reorganize. 

Reorganization. — The church was reorganized in August, 1856, with these 
members: Timothy Jordan, Clemina Jordan, Oliver Mower, Harriet H. Mower, 
Samuel R. Lemont, Jane Lemont, Peter Freeman, Prudence Freeman, David 
Parker, Jane Parker, Thomas Starbird, Harriet Starbird, Samuel W. Longley, 
Dorcas Ames, Samuel Maxwell, Mary Maxwell, Patience Warren, Joan Adams, 
Almira Hodgkins, Miriam Keenan, Ann Petengill, Adaline Alexander. Oliver 
Mower was chosen clerk and served 30 years. Timothy Jordan and Oliver 
Mower were chosen deacons. The church was re-admitted into Quarterly 
Meeting, June, 1857, at the June term at Bowdoin. The following year there 
was much soulful activity under the ministration of Revs. G. Perkins and M. 
Getchell, and as a result of their labors 34 members were added, by baptism, 
to the church. In 1864, during the ministry of Rev. O. W. Smith, 26 were 
baptized and united with the church. A revival in 1867,. under the labors of 
Rev. C. R. Daggett, a resident of Greene, where God's power to save was 



Town of Greene. 535 



especially manifested. As a result 40 persons were baptized at one time, 22 
by Rev. C. R. Daggett, and 18 by Rev. W. T. Sargent of the Baptist church ; 
22 uniting with the Free Baptist church. In the fall and winter of 1877-78 
there was an unusual outpouring of the Holy S])irit under the labors of Charles 
L. Pinkham, a student of Bates Theological Seminary, a young man full of 
faith and consecrated to God. The Baptist church united in the work. As a 
result a large number were converted and many wanderers brought back to 
the fold; 33 members were added to the church. Through the influence and 
energy of Mr Pinkham a new church edifice was built the following year and 
dedicated with free pews and free from debt. The church, under the present 
efficient pastorate of Rev. George W. Gould, is well united, and members 
have been added, making the present membership 109 ; 71 resident and 38 
non-resident. 

The pastors have been Rev. Samuel Robbins, Rev. Gideon Perkins, Rev. 
E. G. Eaton (has had several pastorates here), Elder Willey, Rev. Jairus 
Fuller (has had several pastorates here), Rev. Isaac Libby, Rev. Mark Getchell 
(has had several pastorates here). Rev. O. W. Smith, Rev. John Miller, Rev. 
A. S. Prescott, C. R. Daggett (from 1878 to 1889 the church was supplied 
from Bates Theological Seminary), Rev. George W. Gould. Deacons: Luther 
Robbins, Levi W. Merrill, David Barker, Cyrus Barker, Timothy Jordan, 
Oliver Mower, Samuel Maxwell, Leander Patten, Simeon Coburn, Moses G. 
Beal, John H. Hodgkins, Samuel H. Marrow, Leander Patten, Jr. Clerks : 
James Cummings, Levi W. Merrill, Luther Robbins, David Barker, Isaac 
Griffin, Samuel R. Lemont, E. G. Eaton, Oliver Mower, L. M. Mower. Since 
the reorganization public services have been constantly held on the Sabbath ; 
when without a pastor some of the deacons or members of the church would lead 
the meeting. There have been many active workers in the early days of the 
church, among them Deacons Luther Robbins, David Barker, Timothy Jordan, 
Oliver Mower, Samuel Maxwell, Leander Patten, and Brother S. R. Lemont. 
There have also been many women of strong intellectual powers and abiding 
faith, whose constancy and zeal have effected much. Deacon Simeon Coburn 
and Deacon John H. Hodgkins were constant and active in their service, and 
it might be truly said of them, they magnified their office. Deacon S. H. 
Marrow is an efficient worker, especially in the Sabbath schools, extending his 
efforts outside the church. The Sabbath school has a membership of 50, under 
the superintendence of Deacon Leander Patten. Mr L. M. Mower has been 
chorister for 35 years, and is the present clerk. 

The Methodists occupy the mountain section, the Stetson and the Morse 
neighborhoods in the north part of the town. Years ago they held regular 
preaching meetings in the Morse district, but in later years only enough 
preaching has been done in Greene to secure their proportion of the ministerial 
fund. The members belong to the Leeds and Greene circuit, which has stated 



586 History of Androscoggin County. 



preaching at Keen's Corner and Quaker Ridge in Leeds. They number from 
12 to 15, and the more prominent are John Gray and Cyrus Howe (class 
leaders), Francis Howe, Charles Sylvester. 

The Adventists have about the same strength in town as the Methodists, 
with no organization and but occasional meetings. 

Schools and Teachos. — The first school was taught in the house of Deacon 
Lemuel Cummings, one of the first three framed houses which tradition says 
were raised on the same day and were owned by Benjamin Merrill, Benjamin 
Merrill, Jr, and Deacon Cummings. The school-room was without iloor 
boards and as there was no cellar the pupils used the floor timbers for seats. 
This school was taught in 1780 by Captain John Daggett, and for several 
years he was the teacher in the same room, and one term in the house of John 
Pettingill. The elite of Lewiston sent their advanced pupils for instrnction in 
the higher branches to Greene in the early days, as tradition again informs us. 
In 1788 or 1789 a school-house was built on a gravelly knoll near Captain 
Thaddeus Sawyer's. It had one low story, two small windows, and was very 
small. The next school-house was built near where Samuel Fogg lives ; the 
existing one being put up about 1825. The first division into districts was 
made in 1790 when the four cardinal points were represented in their names, 
and from that time efficient school committees and well-educated teachers were 
provided. 

The early teachers succeeding Captain Daggett were Dr Ammi R. Cutter, 
Captain Sawyer, Aaron Daggett, Esq., Solomon Stafford, Josiah Larrabee, John 
Mower, Jr, Samuel and Eli Herrick, Masters West and Sylvester, and John 
Davis, who was liberally educated, and taught the first high school. The next 
class of teachers were Tristram Hill, Colonel Augustus Sprague, Elias Adams, 
Esq., Deacon Oliver Mower, Benson Caswell, Ingerson and Ammi Parker. 
Nathaniel Sawyer and Ammi Parker were graduates of Bowdoin, and taught 
in the higher institutions. Ruggles Sylvester was the first son of Greene to 
graduate from a college, and he tauglit high schools here. Other teachers were 
Freeman Lander, John E. Sawyer, Rev. Silas E. Cummings, Silas Sprague 
(who also taught high schools). John Mower, Alexis Herrick, Captain Aaron 
Mower, and Ziba A. Gilbert were noted and prominent instructors. Among 
the valuable female teachers were Clarissa Sylvester, Abigail Bailey, Susan 
Collier, Abigail Cable, Catherine and Hannah Mulloy, Sarah Cutter (Mrs 
Isaiah Coburn), Franciana Pratt, Delinda Jackson (who has taught about 100 
terms, is an instructor of the highest order, fitting many excellent teachers for 
their work), Augusta Daggett (a- prominent teacher), Mrs Marshall Sawyer, 
Sedora Hill, Lucinda Harris, Lillie Skillings, Cora Randall, Nettie Pratt, Stella 
Washburn, Alice Bradbury, and others. Cynthia, Sabrina, and Lydia Allen 
had much reputation and were able teachers. The town has had its educa- 
tional interests well cared for. Among the su[)erintendiiig committee have 



Town op Greene. 537 



been the best men of the municipality: Tristram Hill, Elias Adams, Thaddeus 
Sawyer, Aaron Daggett, Steplieu W. Sylvester, Freeman Lander, Ingerson 
Parker, John E. Sawyer, Oliver Mower, Silas Sprague, Col Augustus Sprague, 
Virgil H. Sprague, Byron G. Hill, Aaron S. Daggett, W. F. Mower, Rev. C. R. 
Daggett, Greenwood Harris, Dr Albion Pierce, James H. Stetson, Ziba A. 
Gilbert. Clement S. Stetson is our first able and popular supervisor of 
schools. Franciana Pratt began teaching when 10, and taught during the 
summer for 18 years, and most of the winters. She was the first female to 
teach a winter school, and belongs to the third generation of teachers. Mary 
Merrill (Mrs John Cummings), also of second generation, was a noteworthy 
teacher. Captain Aaron Daggett's family of five sons and two daughters were 
teachers. A. Augusta Daggett taught 20 terms, Rev. Converse R. Daggett 
over 50 terms, Greenlief Daggett, M.D., 20 terms here and elsewhere. 
Probably no other family has furnished so many teachers, the members thereof 
teaching over 25 years. The families of Reuben Stetson, Benjamin Allen, 
Tristram Hill, and Andrew J. Harris have provided able teachers. Arthur 
Moulton, Frank Mower, Charles A. Washburn, John Nichols, Charles Nichols, 
and Ralph A. Paiker are graduates of Bates College and teachers in high 
schools and academies. Galen M. Beals is a graduate of Bates, and John 
Sturgis of Tufts. 

Temperance. — Greene early took a strong stand in favor of temperance, 
and temperance societies have been well sustained ; the active organization of 
to-day being Hope Lodge, I. O. G. T., which meets Tuesdays. It is said that 
no liquor has been sold as a beverage in town for fifty years. 

Revolution and the War of 1812. — Before settling in Greene, Colonel 
William Sprague, Colonel Jabez Bates, Captain John Daggett, Captain Icha- 
bod Phillips, Jairus Phillips, Luther Robbins, John and Samuel Mower, 
Thomas More, George Berry, John Allen, Joseph McKenney, Benjamin Alden, 
Ezekiel Hackett, Batchelor Stetson, and Benjamin Quiraby had served in the 
Colonial Army in the Revolution ; and in the War of 1812 Captain Daniel 
Crossman, Aaron and Luther IVIower, Elisha Drake, Abner Merrill, Jacob 
St Clair, Ammi Larrabee, Thomas Graffam, Edward Parker, Gilbert Cham- 
berlain, Caleb Stetson, Benjamin Pratt, John and Coulard Perham, Joseph 
Clark, John Adams, Broderic Dillingham,- and others went from this town. 

Madawasha War (1839). — John E. Sawyer, 'Samuel Hackett, Joseph 
Hackett, Amos Hackett, Ezekiel Hackett, George Austin, Jesse Cummings, 
Leonard Griffin, Lora B. Stevens, Harrison Rose, Mark Caswell, Wm M. 
Lougley, Oliver P. Hooper, Edward Sedgley, Chas A. Additon, Amos Clark, 
and Jacob Kimball were members of the company of militia which was 
ordered to the seat of war, but on arriving at Plantation No. 10, now Masardis, 
their march was stopped by the news of peace. 

Gkebne in the 41EBELLION. — The town furnished 159 soldiers. 1861, 
September 28, the town voted that families left in indigent circumstances by 



538 History of Androscoggin County. 



those who had enlisted, be cared for. July 21 voted to pay $70 to each 
volunteer enlisting to fill up the town's quota of 13 men. September 8 voted 
to pay each volunteer or drafted man under the last call, $150. 1863, July 8, 
voted to pay each man enlisting in the army, -150; in the navy, $100; and each 
drafted man, $200. November 19 voted to pay each volunteer under the last 
call, $200, and December 26 to pay an additional bounty of $150. 1864, June 
25, the selectmen were authorized to pay a town bounty of $25. August 27, 
voted to advance the state bounties, and to pay a town bounty of $300. 
August 30 it was reported that 12 men had enlisted, and William M. Longley 
and J. M. Robbins were chosen to recruit. December 12, voted to pay volun- 
teers or substitutes $300 for three years, $200 for 2 years, and $100 for one 
year. 1865, February 11, voted to increase the town bounty $100, if necessary, 
to raise the quota. April 1 the selectmen were authorized to fill the town's 
quota on the most reasonable terras. September 25, voted to refund the 
money subscribed by the Soldiers' Fund Society used in filling the quota of 
August, 1864. 

Centennud. — August 23, 1888, the centennial of the organization of Greene 
was celebrated with great enthusiasm by a large assembly on Daggett's Hill. 
Excellent preparations had been made by the committee of arrangement, who 
were: Eli Hodgkins, Albion Pierce, M.D., Byron G. Hill, V. H. Sprague, 
Charles A. Bradbury, C. M. Washburn, Clement S. Stetson, H. Scott Parker, 
John E. Sawyer, Captain Andrew J. Harris, F. N. Mower, Rev. C. R. Daggett. 
Addresses were made by Rev. S. S. Cummings, Rev. Selden Gilbert, Rev. C. 
M. Emery. Hon. Ziba A. Gilbert gave the address of welcome, Silas Sprague 
read a poem, and Mrs Annie C. Pratt, wife of John F. Pratt, M.D., of Chelsea, 
Mass., gave a historical sketch of the town, concluding with an original poem. 

Longevity. — The long list of persons who have lived to a ripe old age in 
Greene is an eloquent testimonial to the pure air and pleasant climate. Mr 
Lowell M. Mower gives us the names of these persons who have attained an 
age of over 80 years, within a square mile from the school-house in district 
No. 6 : John Mower, nearly 95; Philip Keenan, 94, a pensioner of the War of 
1812; Mrs Mary Mower, 93 ; Mrs Julia Johnston, 90 ; Mrs Jemima Ranlett, 
94; Mrs Rebecca Mower, 90; Mrs Thomas Lang, 88; Susannah Adams, 86; 
Mehitable Mower, 93; Rev. Benjamin B. Murray, 84, father of U. S. Marshal 
Benjamin B. Murray, Jr, the champion teacher, and at one time the leading 
Universalist clergyman of Maine ; Joseph Manson and his wife in the house 
south of the school-house; Isaac Furbush, 80, in the next house but one 
towards the depot; next, Mrs Jane Films, 86, the next but one on the left; 
Isaiah Coburn, 94, and his wife, Sarah, 91, who drew a map of Maine of which 
our modern draughtsmen might be proud. At the depot, Leonard Mower, 82; 
Mrs Lydia R. Mower, 94, a daughter of Luther Robbins; the father of the 
"Betterment Act," Jonathan Mower, 86; Samuel Mower, 86; Jonathan 



Town of Greene. 539 



Mower, 2d, 83 ; William Mower, 88 ; Mrs Lyclia T. Mower, 85 ; Mrs Abigail 
Thomas, 86; and Major John B. Hooper, 80. In 1888, besides these, we find 
these octogenarians and others living in Greene : Mr Lewis, aged 90 ; Mar- 
garet Pickett, 89; Oliver Mower, 84, the oldest member of the legislature 
when he represented the town ; Mr Hodgkins, 84; Col Augustus Sprague, 
88; Daniel Quimby, 88; Mr Hawes, 82; Reuben Rae, 82 ; Mr Quimby, 89; 
In the pleasant cemetery at Greene Corner, within a very short distance of 
each other, lie the bodies of Rev. Phineas Pillsbury, aged 92 years 8 months; 
Hon. Elijah Barrell, aged 83; Rev. David Nutter, aged 81; Isaiah Coburn, 
aged 92 years 9 months; Stephen Rackley, aged 93 years 8 months. 

Burying Crrounds. — In 1805 four burying grounds were laid out: one at 
Greene Corner, one in the Peary neighborhood, one near Capt. Grossman's, 
and one on the Mountain. The first persons buried at the corner were the 
wife of John Pettingill and the wife of Benjamin Pratt. The cemetery at the 
corner has a much more favorable location than the others, and, about 1872, 
was enlarged, and, through the especial interest of Amos Clark, was much 
improved, beautified, and enclosed by a substantial and ornamental fence, and 
from that time it has been kept in fine condition. 

The Physicians. — Br George L. Peaslee was born at Gilmanton, N. H., 
in 1828. He was educated for his profession at Gilmanton and Concord, N. H., 
received his degree of M.D. in Castleton, Vt, and practiced medicine in Wilton 
and Auburn, Me. In 1882 he located at Greene, where he has an extensive 
farm, and still retains his residence in Auburn. Br Albion Pierce. [See sketch.] 
Br Frank E. Sleejyr is a resident of Greene, but is more identified with the 
village of Sabattus, of which the southeastern portion of Greene forms a part. 

Orcharding and Orchardisfs. — About 1850 orcharding became an extensive 
and remunerative occupation, and the chief industry of the town. The favorite 
varieties of apples raised are the Baldwins, Northern Spy, Tompkins-County 
King, Bellflower, Roxbury Russet, and Ben Davis. The fruit is of fine quality, 
and from its valuable keeping properties brings the highest prices for European 
markets. John C. Mower, Charles Richardson, Wilbur F. Mower, Alfred P. 
and Alfred A. Mower, Wm M. Longley, Albion Mower, Ziba A. Gilbert, 
A. B. Donnell, Wallace W. Mower, H. W. Blaisdell, R. S. Carville, and H. H. 
Coburn are the largest raisers, each producing in a productive season from 200 
to 500 barrels of merchantable fruit. A number of young orchards have been 
set out in late years, Dr Peaslee having one of 1,000 trees; E. L. Mower and 
W. W. Stetson one of 300, and large additions have been made to old orchards. 
Dairying is an important industry. Among those carrying it on most exten- 
sively are Z. A. Gilbert, John L. Howe, Francis E. Howe, D. B. Wiley, F. B. 
Hammond, A. B. Parker, Fred B. Parker, W. A. Hoyt, Wm H. Maxwell, 
Andrew J. Harris, Hayden Bigelow, and Dr G. T. Peaslee. Dr Peaslee is 
paying attention to Holstein stock and Mr Wiley to Guernsey and Jersey 
cattle. 



540 History of Androscoggin County. 



Merchants. — Everett L. Mower has been in trade at Greene Station since 
1861. Howard W. Gamage has dealt in flour, grain, and feed since 1882, and 
has a groceiy. Alden Sawyer began trade in 1888. 

Some Smart Things Done hy Grreene Men.^ — Aaron Stevens mowed two 
acres of heav}^ grass, a part of it lodged, one morning before breakfast, 
between the hours of 8 and 7 o'clock, and carried the swaths, some of them 
beino- 13 feet wide. A Mr Additon (Isaiah B. Additon's grandfather) trav- 
eled some five miles, felled two acres of first or old growth woods in one day, 
and carried two bushels of corn meal home on his shoulder for pay at night. 
Benjamin Stevens bound one acre of wheat for Thomas Longley within 
seven minutes. It was brought together in rows and lain in bands. Mr Stevens 
bound the first bundle, threw it over his head high in the air and before it fell 
to the ground he bound another and threw it the same way, and thus kept 
two bundles in the air till it was all bound. Joseph Hackett pitched one 
ton of hay off an ox-cart up to a common barn scaffold in four minutes 
and a few seconds; was done on a bet that he could not in seven; hay not 
weighed, but agreed to as a ton. Mr Hackett took the bet and rum (one 
gallon). He also cut one cord of wood from one picked tree in 55 minutes, 
split it, and piled it. (John Stevens timed him, he said, correctly.) John 
Harris and Calvin Briggs mowed a field of 19 acres, less one acre for bushes 
and buildings, or 18 acres in one day. They commenced at sunrise and ended at 
sunset, tended to business, and spoke not a word. The first shingles sawn in 
this state were sawn by Marcus Gilbert, of this town, at the outlet of Allen 
Pond in Greene. This Mr Gilbert was a remarkably fine carpenter and tool- 
maker. He made a set of bench planes which took the first premium in 
New York City at the State Fair of New York. Ahira Gilbert and Elisha 
Sampson were also fine, expert joiners. At a trial in making a common four 
panel 2-6" x 6-6" door (1 inch or li inches thick), taking the lumber in 
the rough and doing the work all by hand, they each completed a door in 
two hours, and no difference in time or their motions could be discovered. It 
was said to be like clock work. 

Natives of Grreene who have attained prominence elsewhere : ^ 

Sewall Alleu,'^ Waterville, physician ; Lewis Beals,-^ physician ; Abial D. Crossman,- New 
Orleans, tirst mayor ofj Silas Ciunmings, Somerville, Mass., preacher; Aaron S. Daggett, 
Auburn, officer in the Rebellion and U. S. A.; William F. Eaton, Portland, preacher; 
Alauson B. Farwell,^ Augusta, lawyer; Selden Gilbert, preacher; Moses H. Harris, 
Chicago, Uuiversalist D.D.; William H. Haskell, Falmouth, Congregational minister; Silas 
H. Haskell,2 Newtonville, Mass., teacher in Boston; Winfield S. Hill, Augusta, physician; 
Holman Jennings, New Jersey, physician; Lindley F. Lemont,2 Lewiston, captain (who 
was shot with the most bullets); Benjamin Longley, 2 Portland, expressman; Duane 
Mower,'- South Carolina, merchant ; Alonzo Mower,- Worcester, Mass., machinist; Frank 

'Contributed hy Frank N. Mower. 
-Deceased. 



Town of Gkeenb. 541 



0. Mower, San Francisco, teacher; Eugene S. Afovver, New York City, coal dealer; 
Thomas D. Mower, East Saginaw, Midi., city marshal; Ammi Parker,'^, graduate of 
Bowdoin, lawyer; John F. Pi'att, Chelsea, Mass., physician; Calvin B. Robbins,^ New 
Orleans, accountant; John M. Robbins, Lewiston, railroad contractor and banker; Averson 
G. Robbius,^ Gardiner, machinist and mathematician; Nathaniel L. Sawyer, ■! Gardiner, 
lawyer, graduated at head of his class at Bowdoin College; Oliver M. Sprague, Turner, 
physician; Silas Sprague, Auburn, register of deeds; Benry M. Sprague, Auburn, adjutant- 
general; Wm W. Stetson, Aui)urn, teacher; Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D., Des Moines, la., 
president Des Moines College; Almon H. Wilkins,- Illinois, superintendent of schools; 
Chas A. Washburn^ Augusta, teacher. 

Civil List. — 1788 — Benjamin Merrill, 3d, clerk; Benjamin Merrill, Sen., Lemuel Comins, John 
Larrabee, John Daggett, Benjamin Alden, selectmen. 1789 — Benjamin Merrill, 3d, clerk; Lemuel 
Comins. Benjamin Merrill, Sen., John Daggett, John Larrabee, Benjamin Alden, selectmen. 1790- 
1791 — Benjamin Merrill, 3d, clerk; Benjamin Merrill, John Larrabee, John Daggett, selectmen. 
1792-1793 — Benjamin Merrill, 3d, clerk; John Daggett, Benjamin Alden, Luther Bobbins, selectmen. 

1794 — Benjamin Merrill, 3d, clerk; John Daggett, Luther Robbins, Solomon Bates, Jr, selectmen. 

1795 — Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, Luther Robbins, Ammi R. Cutter, selectmen. 1790 — 
Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, ISeujamin Alden, John Allen, selectmen. 1797 — Ammi R. 
Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, Luther Robbins, Benjamin Alden, selectmen. 1798 — Ammi R. Cutter, 
clerk; John Daggett, Benjamin Merrill, Esq., Benjamin Alden, selectmen. 1799-1800-1801-1802 — 
Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, Benjamin Merrill, Esq., Luther Robbins, selectmen. 1803 — 
Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; Benjamin Merrill, William Doan, John Allen, selectmen. 1801 — James 
Nelson, clerk; William Doan, John Daggett, Luther Robbins, selectmen. ]805 — Ammi R. Cutter, 
clerk; John Daggett, William Doan, Luther Robbins, selectmen. 1800 — Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; 
William Doan, John Daggett, Isaac Beals, selectmen. 1807 — Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, 
Silas Richardson, Zebedee Shaw, selectmen. 1808 — Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; John Daggett, William 
Doan, Zebedee Shaw, selectmen. 1809 — Luther Robbins, clerk; John Daggett, William Doan, 
Zebedee Shaw, selectmen. 1810 — Luther Robbins, clerk; John Daggett, Luther Robbins, Benjamin 
Alden, selectmen. 1811 — Luther Robbins, clerk; Luther Robbins, Benjamin Alden, Silas Richardson, 
selectmen. 1812-1813 — Ammi R. Cutter, clerk; William Doan, John Daggett, Zebedee Shaw, select- 
men. 1814-1815-1816-1817 — John Daggett, Jr, clerk; Luther Robbins, Benjamin Alden, Zebedee Shaw, 
selectmen. 1818-1819 — Aaron Mower, clerk; Moses Sprague, Aaron Daggett, Aaron Mower, selectmen. 
1820-1821 —Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Moses Sprague, Elijah Barrell, Nathaniel Robbins, selectmen. 
1822-1823 — Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Moses Sprague, Aaron Mower, Josiah Larrabee, selectmen. 
1824 — Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Aaron Daggett, Silas Richardson, Thaddeus Sawyer, selectmen. 
1825 — Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Moses Sprague, Silas Richardson, Aaron Mower, selectmen. 1826- 
1827 — Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Moses Sprague, Aaron Daggett, Josiah Larrabee, selectmen. 1828- 
1829 — Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Nathaniel Harris, Alfred Pierce, selectmen. 1830 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Nathaniel Harris, Josiah Larrabee, selectmen. 1831 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Moses Sprague, Nathaniel Robbins, selectmen. 1832 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjanain Allen, Nathaniel Harris, Solomon Brown, selectmen. 1833 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Solomon Brown, Tristram Hill, selectmen. 1834 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Solomon Brown, Tristram Hill, Lewis Gilbert, selectmen. 1835 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Moses Sprague, Solomon Brown, selectmen. 1836 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Alfred Pierce, Moses S^jrague, Solomon Brown, selectmen. 1837 — 
Nathaniel Robbins, clerk; Benjamin Allen, Moses Sprague, Tristram Hill, selectmen. 18.38 — Alfred 
Pierce, clerk; Alfred Pierce, Benjamin Allen, Tristram Hill, selectmen. 1839 — Nathaniel Robbins, 
clerk; Nathaniel Robbins, Stephen Myrick, Jr, Augustus Sprague, selectmen. 1840 — Nathaniel 
Harris, clerk; Benjamin Allen, John Stevens, Tristram Hill, selectmen. 1841 — Nathaniel Robbins, 
clerk; Augustus Sprague, Joseph Richmond, Ingerson Parker, selectmen. 1842 — Nathaniel Harris, 
clerk; Tristram Hill, Augustus Sprague, Ingerson Parker, selectmen. 1843 — Nathaniel Harris, 
clerk; Benjamin Allen, Bryant Robinson, Jacob McKenney, selectmen. 1844 — Lora B. Stevens, 
clerk; Ingerson Parker, Jacob McKenney, Thaddeus Sawyer, selectmen. 1845 — Lora B. Stevens, 
clerk; Ingerson Parker, Tristram Hill, William A. Herrick, selectmen. 1846 — Lora B. Stevens, 

2 Deceased. 



542 History of Androscoggin County. 



clerk- Augustus Sprague, Oliver Mower, Eliphalet Coburn, selectmen. 1847— Lora B. Stevens, 
clerk- Benjamin Allen, David Wilkins, William A. Herrick, selectmen. 1848 — Lora B. Stevens, 
clerk- William A. Herrick, Augustus Sprague, Stephen W. Sylvester, selectmen. 1849— Silas 
Sprague, clerk; William A. Herrick, Augustus Sprague, Harrison Rose, selectmen. 18.50— Duane 
Mower, clerk; Augustus Sprague, Harrison Rose, Isaac Jennings, selectmen. 1851 — Duane Mower, 
clerk- Benjamin Allen, Harrison Rose, Tristram Hill, selectmen. 1852 — Duane Mower, clerk; 
Benjamin Allen, Harrison Rose, Joel Weymouth, selectmen. 1853 — Duane Mower, clerk; Benjamin 
Allen, William A. Herrick, Joel Weymouth, selectmen. 1854 — Silas Sprague, clerk; Tristram Hill, 
Eliphalet Coburn, Augustus Sprague, selectmen. 1855 — Silas Sprague, clerk; Daniel L.Weymouth, 
Lewis Gilbert, Leonard Mower, selectmen. 1856— Henry P. Curtis, clerk; William S. Parker, Stephen 
W. Sylvester, Zelotes R. Additon, selectmen. 1857 — Henry P. Curtis, clerk ; Tristram Hill, Harrison 
Rose, John Stevens, selectmen. 1858 — Henry P. Curtis, clerk; Tristram Hill, Daniel L.Weymouth, 
Silas Sprague, selectmen. 1859— Henry P. Curtis, clerk; Harrison Rose, John E. Sawyer, Henry H. 
Bates, selectmen. 18G0 — Franklin N. Mower, clerk; Harri.son Rose, John E. Sawyer, Henry H. 
Bates, selectmen. 1801 — Franklin N. Mower, clerk; Leonard Mower, John Stevens, John M. 
Robbins, selectmen. 1862 — Henry P. Curtis, clerk; Harrison Rose, Aaron Winslow, Charles M. 
Washburn, selectmen. 1863 — A. P. Mower, clerk; Aaron Winslow, D. L. Weymouth, John E. 
Sawyer, selectmen. 1864 — Franklin N. Mower, clerk (Mr Mower was also elected to fill a vacancy 
in the office of clerk February 2, 1864); D. L. Weymouth, H. H. Bates, Z. A. Gilbert, selectmen. 
1865 — A. Pierce, clerk; Tristram Hill, C. M. Washburn, D. L. Weymouth, selectmen. 1866 — Albion 
Pierce, clerk; Tristram Hill, Josiah Mower, William M. Longley, selectmen. 1867 — Albion Pierce, 
clerk; William M. Longley, Tristram Hill, Greenleaf Parker, selectmen. 1868 — Albion Pierce, clerk; 
William M. Longley, Simeon C.Wiley, Charles M. Washburn, selectmen. 1869— A. Pierce, clerk; 
Augustus Sprague, Charles M. Washburn, Andrew J. Harris, selectmen. 1870— Albion Pierce, clerk; 
Tristram Hill, C. M. Washburn, Hayden Bigelow, selectmen. 1871 — Albion Pierce, clerk; H. Rose, 
C. M. Washburn, A. J. Harris, selectmen. 1872 — Albion Pierce, clerk; William Sprague, D. O. Libby, 
John L. Howe, selectmen. 1873-1874-1875-1876— Albion Pierce, clerk; Harrison Rose, Charles M. 
Washburn, Andrew J. Harris, selectmen. 1877 — Albion Pierce, clerk; Harrison Rose, E. L. Mower, 
A. J. Harris, selectmen. 1878 — H. H. Burbank, clerk; F. N. Mower, E. L. Mower, C. M. Washburn, 
selectmen. 1879-1880-1881-1882-1883 — H. H. Burbank, clerk; Charles M. Washburn, Frank N. 
Mower, Andrew J. Harris, selectmen. (Burbank resigned in January, 1884; William Sprague was 
appointed. 1884 — Albion Pierce, clerk; Charles M. Washburn, Frank N. Mower, Andrew J. Harris, 
selectmen. 1885 — Thomas G. Pratt, clerk; C. M. Washburn, F. N. Mower, A. J. Harris, selectmen. 
1886-1887-1888 — W. H.Thomas, clerk; Z. A. Gilbert, H. H. Coburn, G. E. Fogg, selectmen. (Mr 
Thonjas resigned December 11, 1888; William Sprague was appointed.) 1889 — William Sprague, clerk; 
V. H. Sprague, Eli Hodgkins, John W. Moulton, selectmen. 1890-1891 — William Sprague, clerk; Eli 
Hodgkins, H. H. Coburn, J. S. Weymouth, selectmen. 



Town of Greene. 543 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

THE SPRAGUE FAMILY. 

THE Spra<iue Family is prominent in early New England history. William, 
Ralph, and Richard Sprague, sons of Edward Sprague, a fuller of 
Upway, County Dorset, England (who died in 1614), arrived at Salem, 
Mass., in 1628, and the same year obtained Governor Endicott's consent to locate 
in Mishawum (Charlestown), and they built the first houses in that important 
settlement and were men of authority and substance. William moved to 
Hingham in 1635, married Millicent Eames, and had Anthony, 1636 ; John, 
1638; Samuel, 1640; Jonathan, 1648; William, 1650, and died in 1675, aged 
QQ. William, Jr, went to Bridgewater and was the progenitor of a large and 
leading race, and Sprague's Hill in that town honors the family name. John., 
born 1638, was one of the old Mendon proprietors and an extensive land- 
holder. He lived and died in Mendon, now the extreme southwest corner 
of Milford, originally laid out to John Bartlett. He married Elizabeth Hol- 
brook and had sons, John, William, Ebenezer, and died October 6, 1683. 
William.,hoY\\ in 1679, inherited the homestead; his son WiUlayn^hoxn in 1719, 
married Margaret Brainard, had Col William., born in 1759, subsequently 
removed to Winthrop, and previous to 1775 was deeded lands as "of Win- 
throp," and in 1775 had conveyances of lands made to him as "of Greene." 
He died in Greene about 1800. 

Col William Sj)ra<jue became the owner of a large acreage of land at 
Sprague's Mills. Rev. Paul Coffin, in his journal of his missionary labors, 
says: "1797, October 24, came to Greene and put up with William Sprague. 
His house is about 40 by 35, built of brick. He came from the county of 
Worcester and fixed here about 15 years past. Sprague has a grist and saw- 
mill, and has, I think, a good interest." Col Sprague was born March 3, 1759, 
in what is now Milford, Mass., and married Anna Marrow, of Winthrop, Me. 
Their children attaining maturity were Moses., 1783 ; Ruth, 1784, m. Seth 
Herrick; Anna, 1786, m. Jonathan Shepley ; Susannah, 1788, m. Reuben 
Bates; William, 1790; Isaac, 1792; Sarah, 1794, m. Russell H. Read ; Char- 
lotte, 1796, m. Benjamin Quimby ; Greene, born in 1804, father of Silas, 
register of deeds in Auburn, and William, town clerk of Greene ; Washington. 
Mr Sprague was unusually active in building up and developing the town, and 
his mills were prime factors in the growth of the settlement. He had a com- 
manding presence, became colonel of the militia, and excelled as a tactician. 
The brick house, now a part of the residence of Virgil H. Sprague, was 



544 History of Androscoggin County. 

erected b}^ him as early as 1796. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was 
shot at the battle of Monmouth by a bullet through both thighs, from which 
he was lame ever after. He died June 20, 1828. 

Col Moses Sprague, son of Col William, was born August 8, 1783. He 
was prominent in various spheres of activity, was a farmer and blacksmith, 
chairman of selectmen several years, representative from Greene, and was 
"eminently qualified for official position." He commanded a company in 
the War of 1812, and later became a colonel of the militia. At the death of 
his father he, with his brother Washington, succeeded to the ownership of 
Sprague's Mills, and, having located his home near by, he continued an active 
participant in the business of the community to the time of his death, July 23, 
1839. He married Mirinda Read, who died in 1845. Their children were 
Augustus^ Elvira M., Job Caswell, Ansel, Mirinda m. Henry H. Bates. 

Hon. Augnstus jSprague, son of Colonel Moses, was born September 22, 
1804, received such education as could be obtained in the common schools of 
the day, excelling in mathematics and natural sciences, and tanght with 
acce[)tance in Webster, Lewiston, Phip{)sburg, and his native town. He was 
a great lover of solid reading — historical, geographical, etc., and kept abreast 
of the times in things that affect the well-being of the country. He possessed 
the family characteristics of comeliness, strength, and vigor, and was a 
distinguished figure in military o[)erations, where he was noted for his fine 
beaiing and technical knowledge. He attained the rank of colonel of militia, 
and would have been higher in rank if he had been on the right side of 
politics. "Always active in politics and taking a lively interest in the things 
that pertain to the welfare of the peo[)le, he received from his feUow-citizens 
repeated evidence of their trust and confidence, serving in both branches of 
the legislature, as county commissioner of Androscoggin county, and in many 
official positions in Greene. As trustee and president of the Androscoggin 
County Agricultural Society, Monmouth Fire Insurance Company, Mon- 
mouth Academy, and other institutions, his was a busy life." In 1840 he 
secured sole interest in the mill, and became a successful manufacturer, 
yielding the business to his son in later years. A Whig and Republican, he 
was i)ermitted to aid in the election of both Harrisons, and witness the triumph 
of American ideas. An earnest advocate of temperance, he was among the 
first to discard the custom of "treating" by the old militia officers, and was a 
pioneer in the temperance movement in the state. He possessed a faith and 
patience that carried him through many vicissitudes in life and reached into 
the future. The ambition of his early manhood was to own the old homestead. 
This he accomplished in 1848, "taking possession of the home carved out of 
the wilderness by his grandfather, living in the brick house built by him in 
1796, and dying March 31, 1889, in the room that witnessed the death of his 
grandfather 60 years before." He married first, Thankful, daughter of Eliphalet 




.^-y^ 



-^ 




-^■^ ^^^^^^^::^jyC^, 



Town of Greene. 545 



Cobiirn. She was born January 6, 1801, and died July 6, 1867. They had two 
children, Eveline II. (Mrs Samuel Oakes) and Virgil H. For his second 
wife he married the widow of Hon. Elijah Barrell. 

Vln/il Horace iSpra/fue, son of Hon. Augustus and Thankful (Coburn) 
Sprague, was born at the old homestead, March 18, 1835, and was educated at 
the common schools, Lewiston Falls Academy, and Maine Wesleyan Seminar3^ 
He succeeded to the homestead and business of his father, and has resided in 
the West and in Greene. lie is a stalwart Republican, casting his first vote in 
1856 for John C. Fremont while a resident of Chicago. He first married, 
September 20, 1857, Julia R., daughter of Oliver Mower. They had two 
children, Oliver A. (a physician of Turner) and Lillie F. (dec). July 5, 
1868, he married Mrs Nellie R. Lemont, daughter of Hon. Elijah Barrell. 
They have one son, Richard W. Mr Sprague has been in the U. S. Postal 
Service with a short interru[)tion since 1882. He is numbered among the best 
people of the town, is a deacon of the l>aj)tist church, and a valuable citizen. 
He has held official positions in his town, has served as chairman of the board 
of selectmen, as supervisor of schools, and as a member of the legislature. 



THE DAGGETT FAMILY. 

Thi' I)a(/(/eff Fmiiilii made its advent into America a decade after that of 
the historic Mayflower band, as Savage in his Genealogical Dictionary says 
that " J(din Daggett was in Watertown in 1(^30, probably came in the fleet with 
Gov. Winthrop, was made freeman May 18, 1681, removed to Rehoboth in 
1645, was a representative in 1648. August 29, 1667, he married Widow 
Bathsheba Pratt, at Plymouth, then called himself of Martha's Vineyard, 
where he doubtless went with (tov. Mayhew as a first settler. His sons were 
Mayhew, Ebenezer, Thomas, Naphtali." 

Capt. John Damictt^ son of Thomas, who was, according to Samuel B. 
Doggett, the family genealogist, son of Ebenezer and grandson of William of 
Saco (Maine) in 1681, and Martha (Stockwell) Daggett, was born in Sutton, 
Mass., in 1748, married Mary Stevens, and came, it is said, from Charlton, 
Mass., to Greene in 1786 with his wife and children, Thomas, John, and Sarah. 
Simeon, Aaron, and Mary were born in Greene. Captain Daggett was the first 
military captain in town, receiving his commission from Gov. John Hancock, 
October 24, 1792. He was an educated man and a great acquisition to the 
settlement. He taught the first school, was selectman for 21 years, chairman 
of the board 13 years, moderator many times, representative to the General 
Court for several years, and a very prominent and respected citizen. He died 
in 1816. Thomas married a Record; Sarah married Capt. Samuel Bates; 
Simeon died at 21; Mary married Deacon Luther Bobbins. John Daggett, Jr, 
was a Baptist clergyman for 16 years, and ministered 10 years to the church 



546 History of Androscoggin County. 



in Greene. He was an excellent citizen, patriotic, and a sound philanthropist. 
He married Sarah Record, of Minot, and died in 1824. 

Captain Aaron Daggett, son of Captain John Daggett, was born March 4, 
1787. He married first, Alniira, daughter of Simeon Dearborn, of Monmouth, 
a descendant of Gen. Henry Dearborn. Their children were: G-reenlief B., 
who graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, 
located in New Jersey, where he took high rank, and was president of the 
County Medical Society at the time of his death, July, 1854. Converse R. 
had an academic education, taught school, as a medical student attended 
lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, studied 
theology in Bangor, has been in the ministry in Somerset and Androscoggin 
counties, enlisted in 23d Me, was chaplain and hospital nurse at Washington, 
D. C, and has represented Greene in the legislature. He married Anna F. 
Packard Bailey, of Cambridge. They have a daughter, Emma Rose. Simon D.^ 
a young man of brilliant promise, died when nearly 18. Almira Augusta 
married Isaac C. Merrill, of Lewiston. She died aged 36. Captain Daggett 
married second, Dorcas C. Dearborn, a sister of his first wife. She died in 
1867. Their children were : Jolin C. settled on the homestead, where he now 
resides. He married Abbi^ ^ogg ; their children are Aaron, Augusta, and 
Simon. Mary E., died in 1861, at the age of 26. Aaron S. Captain Aaron 
Daggett, was well educated, and "was a man of more than ordinary intelligence 
and goodness." He occupied several public positions, was on the board of 
school committee many years, a justice of the peace, representative, church 
chorister for 30 years, school teacher, and a valued member of the community. 
His title of captain was acquired in the militia, and with his company he served 
in the War of 1812. He died in 1862. 

Brigadier-General Aaron S. Daggett was born in Greene, June 14, 1837, 
son of Aaron and Dorcas (Dearborn) Daggett, He received good educational 
advantages and became a successful teacher. On the breaking out of the 
Rebellion he deemed it his duty to enter the field in defense of his country 
and was among the earliest volunteers, enlisting as a private April 29, 1861 ; 
was commissioned second lieutenant May 1, 1861 ; first lieutenant of Co. E, 
Fifth Maine Infantry, May 24, 1861 ; captain of Co. E, August 14, 1861. 
From the first engagement of the regiment (the defeat at Bull Run) to the end 
of its three years' memorable service General Daggett did faithful duty ; was 
l)romoted to major April 14, 1863, and January 23, 1865, was commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regt. U. S. Veteran Volunteers (Hancock's 
corps). March 2, 1867, according to the U. S. Official Army Register, he was 
brevetted colonel and brigadier-general of volunteers " for gallant and meri- 
torious services during the war," and received these brevet ranks in the regular 
army: "major, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Rappahan- 






^^^ 



Town of Greene. 547 



nock Station, Va., November 7, 1863";^ and "lieutenant-colonel for gallant 
and meritorious services in the battle of the Wilderness, Va." General Daggett 
won the confidence of his superior officers by soldierly qualities. August 4, 
1864, General E. Upton, commander of the Second Brigade, in recommending 
him for promotion to Governor Cony, says : "Major Daggett served his full 
term in this brigade with honor both to himself and state, and won the reputa- 
tion of being a brave, reliable, and efficient olficer. His promotion would be 
a great benefit to the service, while the honor of the state could scarcely be 
entrusted to safer hands." This was concurred in by Brigadier-General D. A. 
Russell, commanding the First Division, Major-General H. G. Wright, com- 
manding the Sixth Corps, and Major-General George G. Meade, commanding 
the Army of the Potomac. February 28, 1866, General Upton, then in com- 
mand of the District of Colorado, recommended Lt-Col A. S. Daggett for 
promotion, and said : 

lu the assault at Rappahannock Station Col Daggett's regiment captured over 500 
prisoners. In the assault at Spottsylvania Court House (May 10) bis regiinent lost six 
captains out of seven, the seventh being killed on the 12th at the "angle," or the point 
where the tree was shot down by musketry, on which ground the regiment fought from 
9.30 A.M. to 5.30 P.M., when it was relieved. On all these occasions Colonel Daggett was 
under my immediate command and fought with distinguished bravery. Throughout his 
military career in the Army of the Potomac he maintained the character of a good soldier 
and an upright man, and his promotion would be but a simple act of justice which 
would be commended by all those who desire to see courage rewarded. 

Major-General Winfield S. Hancock, commanding First Army Corps, in 
recommending Colonel Daggett for a position in the regular army, says: 

The records of this office show that he first entered the service as private in the 5th 
Maine Inf. April 29, 1861; that he served in the Army of the Potomac, was wounded at 
Spottsylvania, very slightly, and also at Cold Harbor, and was discharged from the service 
with the rank of major in the 5th Maine Inf. by reason of expiration of service July 27, 
1864. He was appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the First Army Corps, January 18, 1865. 
Upon examination by the Examining Board, he was found good in general information, in 
knowledge of tactics, in knowledge of regulations, in knowledge of the service, and 
recommended for lieutenant-colonel, the grade to which he bad been appointed in the corps 
previous to examination. He was faithful while recruiting for the corps, and since ho was 
assigned to duty with his regiment he has borne an excellent reputation. I recommend 
him to the favorable consideration of the Department. 

1" Maine in the War " states that Major Daggett, 5th Maine Vols, received three swords at the 
battle of Rapiiahannock Station from prisoners, etc. This is an error, as stated, and probably came 
from the fact that immediately after that brilliant battle the captured trophies— Hags, cannon, etc., 
were escorted to General Meade's headquarters, and Major Daggett was chosen by General Upton to 
command the battalion from his brigade. The escort was selected from those who had taken the 
most conspicuous part in that battle. 



548 History of Androscoggin County. 



From 1866 General Daggett has been an officer of the regular army ' and is 
now on service in Boston. He married, June 14, 1865, Rose, daughter of 
Major-General Phillips Bradford, of Turner, a lineal descendant of Gov. 
William Bradford, of Plymouth Colony, and resides in Auburn. Their 
children are Mary A., Royal Bradford, Alice Southworth, Helen. In civil life 
General Daggett is distinguished for courteous and gentlemanly bearing, and 
unostentatious and unassuming manners. His strict integrity, frank courtesy, 
and sterling worth have given him staunch friends. 

CAPTAIN .TABEZ PRATT. 

Jahez^ Pratt (Benjamin,^ Jabez,^ Jabez,'^ Thomas,' of Watertown, Mass., 
in 1647,) came to Greene with his parents from Charlton, Mass., in 1802. He 
was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade at an early age, and established him- 
self in this business at Greene Corner; he was also a large land owner and 
farmer. He married Sophia, daughter of Isaac and Huldah (Allen) Wash- 
burn ; they were both active members of the Baptist church in Greene. Their 
home at "The Corner " was ever open to friend or stranger, and this generous 
hospitality was widely patronized. Jabez Pratt was early connected with 
military affairs in the Connnon wealth, and in the War of 1812 was called out 
for service in defense of the sea-coast of Maine; later he held the office of 
captain in the state militia, and by this title was known wherever his acquaint- 
ance extended. He was one of the early pioneers of the temperance cause in 
Maine, and one of its most enthusiastic advocates. While he was a modest 
man, never sought public office, yet he was frequently engaged in business for 
the town ; was entrusted with the administration of estates and the guardian- 
ship of children. He died in 1874, at the age of 84 years. The decease of 
his wife occurred in 1863. Their children were Louisa, Franciana, Cyrus M., 
and John F. Ci/rus 3Ioiver Pratt, eldest son of Jabez, followed the occupa- 
tion of his father for some years, later took great interest in improved market 
gardening, and became an active worker in the County Agricultural Society. 
He was an influential citizen in Greene, both in town and church affairs ; 
always maintained himself a prominent supporter of the right, on all the 
moral questions of his time. At his death in 1866, at Washington, D. C, he 
held a position in the U. S. Agricultural Department. Louka Pratt married 
Anslem C. Parker. He was a man of marked social qualities, possessed a high 
degree of musical talent, had a peculiar and exceedingly melodious voice, which 
he was always ready to use whenever occasion required. He was " the life " of 
anj'^ company, young or old, favored with his presence. He was 2d lieutenant 
in the Kennebec Guards. He was a merchant at Greene Corner, successor to 

1 General Daggett was not an applicant for a position in the regular service. The appointment was 
given without solicitation by recommenilatiou of General Grant, and came as a surprise to General 
Daggett. 




Capt. Jabez Pratt. 



Town of Geeene. 549 



Anslem Gary, of whom he purchased store and goods when the hitter removed 
to Augusta. Mr Parker was a contractor in the building of the M. C. R. R. 
in Greene, and it was tlie result of exposure connected with this work that 
caused his early decease. His children were Frederic Byron Parker, born at 
Greene Corner, January G, 1842. He is a farmer on the old homestead 
owned with his aunt Franciana; Jabez P., who served as lieutenant in the IGth 
Maine; and Louisa F., who married Merritt Rose. Franciana Pratt^ or 
" Aunt Fanny," as she is called by her many friends, was born in the house 
where she now resides, and has been postmistress at Greene Corner since 1863. 
She is a most genial and intelligent lady, has been a prominent and successful 
school-teacher [see teachers], and has many of the characteristics of her father, 
whom she much resembles in personal appearance. 

I)r John^ F. Pratt (Jabez,^ I^enj.,* Jabez,^ Jabez,^ Thomas,^), born August 3, 
1830, attended school at Monmouth and Hartland (Me.) academies, received his 
preliminary medical education under Dr Blake of Hartland, served an appren- 
ticeship as druggist in Portland, was student at Dartmouth and Bowdoin 
colleges, spent a year in hospital service in Boston, took his degree at Bowdoin 
in 1856, and the same year settled to the practice of his profession at New 
Sharon, Me. Here he married Annie, daughter of Judge Oliver \j. and Mary 
A. (Weston) Currier. ^ In 1862 Dr Pratt entered the service of his country as 
Act. Asst Surg., U. S. A., joined the Army of the Potomac at Harrison's 
Landing, was transferred to Craney Island, and the following winter stationed 
at Hampton, Fortress Monroe. In 1864 was placed in charge of hospital on 
flag of truce boat New York, was engaged in exchange of prisoners between 
City Point, Annapolis, Point Lookout, etc., until the campaign opened on the 
James river under Gen. Butler. At Bermuda Hundred (Gen. Butler's head- 
quarters), he opened and had charge of post and small-pox hospitals, and also 
of the Medical Purveying Dept of the Army of the James. After the War he 
remained in the service of the Freedmen's Bureau, established hospitals at 
Point of Rocks and Petersburg, Va, of which he continued in charge until his 
resignation in 1866, when he returned to his private practice at New Sharon. 
He removed to Chelsea, Mass., in. 1873, his present residence. He is an 
enthusiastic collector of Maine bibliography, and has been for many years a 
voluminous contributor to the early documentary history of his native state. 
The town and county historians of Maine are greatly indebted to the genial 
doctor for his ever ready assistance in furtherance of their researches. 

1 Mrs Pratt has been an unwearied worker for years in liistorical and genealogical fields, has written 
for publication, prepared and read a valuable paper on the history of Greene at its centennial, and we 
are indebted to her kindness for valued information. 



550 History of Androscoggin County. 



LEEDS. 



CHAPTER XXX. 

Boundaries — Formation — Surface and Soil — Dead River — Its Peculiarities — Indian 
Village — Thomas and Roger Stinchfield — Early Settlers— Heads of Families in tbe First 
Part of This Century — Character of the Early Settlers — Soldiers of the Revolutionary 
War and War of 1812 — Early Roads. 

LEEDS is bounded on the east by Wayne and Monmouth, southwest by 
Greene, west by Turner and Liverniore, north by Livermore and East 
Jl Liverniore, named from the English home of the Stinchfield family, and 
was formed from the plantation of Littleborough (laid out in 1780-81 by the 
Pejepscot proprietors, and named in honor of Col Moses Little) and incor- 
porated, the 128th town, February 16, 1801. A part of Livermore north of a 
line " extending from old Elder Thomas Francis's north Line to Increase 
Leadbetter's north Line," embracing about 6,000 acres, was annexed in 1802 ; 
in 1809 a half-mile strip was set off from Monmouth; in 1810 Beech Hill was 
annexed to Wayne ; in 1852 the extreme southern portion (often called New 
Boston) was annexed to Wales. The area is 22,000 acres, and is greatly 
varied. The interval land along the Androscoggin and Dead rivers is deep 
alluvial soil, easy of cultivation, but, often, subject to frost. The numerous 
hills and elevations have a deep loam, mostly free from bowlders and stones, 
easily cultivated, capable of producing good crops and free from frost. Some 
parts of the town are evidently ancient beaches of primitive seas or lakes, and 
the sand lies thick, forming extensive dunes. Interspersed among the uplands 
are occasional ledges, outcroppings of granite and trap rock, and numerous 
low places and bogs, which bear cranberries. Bog brook drains an immense 
bog. From many of the higher elevations, particularly Bates and Boothby 
liills, extended and beautiful views are presented, and it can be but a question 
of time when Leeds, with its pure air and water and other attractions, will be 
a favorite summer resort. The Maine Central railroad runs the entire length 
of the town, and its four stations, Leeds Junction, Curtis Corner, Leeds Centre, 
and North Leeds, give easy access. 

Dead river discharges the surplus water of more than twenty ponds into 
the Androscoggin. Its water-shed is 25 miles long and contains 60,000 acres. 
The river, about six miles long, connects Androscoggin pond with Androscoggin 
river. The course of Dead river is northwesterly, that of the Androscoggin 
southerly, so the rivers discharge their waters against each other. A recent 



Town of Leeds. 551 



survey shows the pond to be but a few inches higher than the Androscoggin, 
and in freshets the latter stream rushes up Dead river until the ponds have 
the same level as the great river, when, until the Androscoggin falls. Dead 
river has no current. This region is a rich field for geological students. About 
half-way from the great river to the pond is a remarkable horseback ridge, said 
to be a continuation of the Chesterville ridge. It once extended across Dead 
river, damming it to a great height. The pond must then have been not less 
than 12 miles long. When this ridge gave way, the waters rushed towards the 
great river, carrying the bowlders and pebbles which are scattered along its 
way. But the most striking geological feature is the alluvial deposit, "The 
Cape," lying between the outlet of the pond and its former western shore. It 
extends a mile into the pond and is divided by the river, which parts before 
reaching tlie pond, enclosing a delta of thirty acres. All of this alluvial 
deposit has come down the Androscoggin in freshets. The rocky promontories 
forming the head of the cape are the remains of a cluster of islands of azoic 
origin in the middle of the lake. By the accumulation of the sediment they 
became part of the peninsula. About half-way from the railroad to the delta 
is a very narrow isthmns connecting the peninsula with the main land. 
Through this the Indians cut a canal to float their canoes, shortening their 
way two miles. 

The Indian trail or rather canoe route of travel from the Androscoggin to 
the Kennebec was up Dead river to Androscoggin pond; from this a portiujc 
of half a mile brought them to Wilson pond ; the outlet of this gave navigation 
to Annabessacook lake; a stream one-half mile long runs from this lake to 
Cobbosseecontee "Great Pond," which empties into the Kennebec at Gardiner. 
An Indian village was located on the "Cape," and a burying-place on one of 
the islands of the pond. Tradition says that very early a wandering white 
trapper came to this village when there was but one Indian there besides 
squaws and pappooses. As he left the wigwam he saw the Indian aiming a 
gun at him, and quickly fired and killed the Indian. Knowing he had no 
chance to escape vengeance as'long as a spectator lived, he killed all of the 
squaws. Attaching a large number of traps to the bodies he sunk them in the 
river and fled. When he was a lad. Ensign Otis saw bones of the arms and 
legs with traps attached, hooked up from the river. 

Thymm and Rom'r Stinchfii'Jd, soldiers in the French Wai', were daring 
huntei's and trappers. They had become thoroughly acquainted with the 
country and Indians between the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers. As 
early as 1773, they made their camp on Dead Iviver, where they could see the 
Indians on their great trail and barter for furs. They won their friendship by 
fair dealing and acts of kindness. Thomas was a stalwart man, and both were 
absolutely fearless. Traditions concerning Thomas show that he treated the 
natives justly, yet inspired them with fear. He trusted the resident Indians at 



552 History of Androscoggin County. 



all times and never lost a debt if the debtor lived. It is said that once he 
found the Sandy River Indians preparing to attack Farmington in retaliation 
for thefts committed by some of the whites. After a long attempt to pacify 
them Stinchfield offered to replace their stolen traps and kettles and give 
them 10 gallons of rum. This offer was accepted and the whites were saved. 
They gladly paid Stinchfield's bill and expelled the thieves. In 1779 the 
Stinchfields raised a large crop of corn and vegetables on an old Indian corn 
field and stored up venison, maple sugar, etc., and in June, 1780, brought their 
families and goods on two pack horses to the west side of the Androscoggin 
river, three miles from their home. Guided by Roger the women and children 
went from there to their future home, while Thomas, his oldest son, Thomas, 
and the two young men who came with the party, conveyed the goods in dug- 
outs up the Androscoggin and Dead rivers. Thomas (born 1747) and Roger 
Stinchfield (born 1752) were sons of John, the English emigrant who settled 
successively in Gloucester and New Gloucester, and were natives of Glouces- 
ter, Mass. The children of Thomas and Sarah (Lane) Stinchfield were 
Thomas^ Sarah (married a Hicks), James^ Martha (mai-ried Isaac Freeman, 
settled in Greene), Samvel (a sea-captain, lived north of the old home- 
stead. Among his children were Thomas B., a prominent surgeon of Texas, 
John K., a leading physician of Elmira, N. Y., Stephen B., a leading lawyer 
of Denver, Anson Gancelo, a lawyer of Boston), John^ Itehreca (born Decem- 
ber 11, 1780, the first female child born in Leeds territory, married Capt. 
Phineas Foss), Hannah (married Elizur Carver). Roger Stinchfield married 
Sarah Babson and settled on the north side of Dead river (Thomas living 
on the south side). Their children were Ahl</ail, married S. Davis; Betset/, 
married Oliver Otis (Their oldest daughter, Eliza, married first, R. B. 
Howard; second. Colonel John Gilmore. She was mother of Major-Gen. 
O. O. Howard, Rev. R. B. Howard, Gen. Charles H. Howard, and Judge 
R. H. Gilmore.) ; Mo/yer, born February 9, 1781, the first male child born in 
the settlement; Solomon; Susan; Zehulon; WilJiam ; Benjamin; Ezekiel; 
Ezra; Sarah. Most of these settled in Eastern Maine. Not one of the name 
lives in town. (Hiver OHh., from Scituate, came early. The Wiscasset records 
say that Adams Royal deeded lot 64 to Oliver Otis, of Lewiston, June 26, 
1792. The same year he and his bride moved into the log house, which was 
exchanged for a frame one " nearly opposite the district school house " in 
1797. Mr Otis became the wealthiest man in town, in late life moved to 
Hallowell where he died. Of his three sons, Amos died young, Ensign left 
early, but returned, and died in 1872. John studied law, and was a member 
of Congress from Hallowell district. John, son of Ensign, lives in Auburn. 
In 1782 Jirah Fhh settled north of the burying-ground on the farm of 
Willard Lothrop. He had a large family of boys, who, Mr. Howard says, 
" were subsequently as carpenters a great help to the early settlers." Two of 



Town of Leeds. 563 



his sons took ui) farms which included Boothby Hill, earlier called Fish and 
Otis hill. Thomas Millett also came in 1782, as did Daniel Lane. Both had 
large families and were of great value to the settlement. In 1783 commenced 
an immigration which brought rapid accessions to the little community. This 
year and in 1784 came Zadoc Bishop to the east part of the town, Capt. 
William Gilbert to the southwest part, Daniel Lothrop, Jr, in 1785, to the south 
end of the pond. All had large families. Then came Increase Leadbetter, 
with a family of seven or eight, whose land was the northern boundary. Many 
Revolutionary soldiers soon followed; nearly all poor in money, but with hardy 
constitutions and a working capacity rare at present. Young men came also, 
and the first census (1790) gave the population as 263. From this time the 
growth was rapid. Barnabas Howard married Mary Haywood and settled in 
the north part on the farm owned now by Henry Francis. Their children were 
Daniel, Luther, Jason, Warren, Barnabas, Mary, Anna, Harriet, Laura, Cornelia. 
Luther married Rhoda B. Mitchell. He died in 1826. In 1827 Warren married 
his brother's widow, and lived on the homestead until advanced in life. War- 
ren was an original member and a deacon of the Free Will Baptist church at 
North Leeds, a man of exemplary life and excellent character. His large 
family of children, with Luther, son of his brother Luther, was reared "in the 
fear and admonition of the Lord"; several of them died in early life. Dexter 
W., their sixth child, enlisted as a private in 1861, was in 20 hard-fought battles 
and 30 skirmishes, rose to be colonel, but died in 1866 from wounds received 
in service. Josiah Turner and half-brother William came early from West 
Bridgewater, William settling in the east part of the town, and Josiah near 
Quaker Ridge, where his son Joseph also lived. The homestead is now 
occupied by Josiah, son of Joseph. These brothers had descendants who 
intermarried with the best families, and have been among the representative 
people of Leeds. Bouijlitij Bates moved from Scituate, Mass., in 1793, and 
settled on the place afterwards occupied by his grandson George Bates. Bates 
hill takes its name from him. Harvey Bates was chairman of the board of 
selectmen for many years. He died in 1877 aged 88 years. Levi Bates, who 
died December 6, 1885, aged 91, was a native of Leeds and a pensioner of the 
War of 1812. Stephen Howe was probably here prior to 1800, as it is recorded 
in Wiscasset, that "Adams Royall of Littleboro deeds March 17,1796 to Stephen 
How right of possession and dwelling to lands bounded by lands of Jonathan 
Pish, Andrew Cushman, Daniel Robbins, James and Daniel Lanes." Stephen 
Howe was the grandson of Ichabod Howe, of Winthrop, one of the first settlers 
of that town. George T. Howe, grandson of Stephen and son of Cyprian and 
Mary (Graffam) Howe, is an enterprising business man, carrying on a farm of 
80 acres, and operating a brick-yard at Leeds Junction, and also has one at Liv- 
ermore Falls ; he produces several hundred thousand bricks annually. He is 
a Democrat in politics and a good citizen. Joseph Kna^rp^ a Revolutionary 



554 History of Androscoggin County. 



soldier, in 1790 settled on the present town farm. Soon after, Elijah, his 
brother, settled in the Stiiichfield neighborhood, and another brother, Siba, 
where Benjamin Trask resides, near Strickland's Ferry. Dr Cyrus Knapp, 
once superintendent of the State Insane Hospital, was son of Siba, and Elijah 
was grandfather of the late George Knapp and Woodbury S. Knapp. Joseph's 
wife was Eunice Carver. To her were born (in Bridge water) Simeon, 
Barsheba, Charles, Joseph; (in Leeds) John, Elijah, Polly, Eunice, Stephen, 
Matilda, Betsey, Lucretia, Asa, Ruth. Of the large family of the early Joseph, 
but two, Charles and Stephen, settled in Leeds. Stephen, now approach- 
ing his century, resides on the homestead at North Leeds. Samuel Herrick 
settled at West Leeds, about a mile north of Andrew Cushman's. His 
homestead was subsequently occupied by his son, Israel, who, for fifteen years 
prior to 1850, manufactured sewing silk, and built a "cocoonery," but later 
cut down his mulberry trees. He was representative and held other offices. 
He died in 1862, and his son, Horace, succeeded to the farm now occupied by his 
widow and sons. Stephen Foster moved from Winthrop about 1786. His 
sons were Stephen, John, and Timothy. John married Priscilla Gilbert. 
Eben Libby came from Saco in 1807, and cleared the Thomas Boothby farm. 
He married Sarah Foster and died in 1859. Their children were Jane, 
Ebenezer, T. C, Stephen, and Artemas. Levi Caswell was an early settler; 
his son, Peleg B., born in 1811, was many times chosen to places of trust, and 
was considered one of the best teachers of his day. He died in 1884. Morgan 
Brewster, a pioneer, died February 13, 1856, aged 96. Cyrus Alden died 
March, 1878, aged 93. He was a captain in the War of 1812, and is said to 
have been the oldest Free Mason in Maine at the time of his death. The 
oldest man who died in Leeds was Robert Gould, an early settler of North 
Leeds, who was 99 years old at the time of his death in 1868. 

Heads of families in the first part of this century. — Oliver P. and Joseph Frost, Abner, 
Daniel, and John Burnhani, Zachary Cari/, Zachariah Thayer, Solomon, Solomon, Jr, 
Benjamin, and John Millett, Moses Collier, Benjamin Leadhetter, Peletiah Gould, John S. 
Gary, Ansel, Hira, Joseph, Beujamiu, and William Fish, Samuel Leadhetter, Ira Lindsey, 
Zachariah Farcher, Amos Murray, Benjamin F. Howard, John, Eleazer, Jr, and William 
Carver, Cyrus, James, and Joseph Bishop, Samuel, Thomas, and James Stinchfield, Lewis, 
Samuel, John, Isaac, and Perez S. Jennings, William Turner, Andrew Cushman, John 
Farcher, Ezekiel Bates, Joshua Elder, Caleb li. Sumner, Benjamin Carll, Rowland B., and 
Warren Howard, True Faul, John, Naphtali, and Ebenezer Mason, Thomas Southward, 
James Stanley, Thomas Lindsay, Isaac, Moses, and Moses, Jr, Collier, Daniel Bobbins, 
David Woodman, Isaac, Joseph, and Stephen Freeman, Daniel, Ji", Lothrop, Oliver Dralce, 
Benjamin Grant, Oliver Otis, Daniel, Jr, Deacon Giddins, Ellas, Peter, and James Lane, 
Uriah, Walter, Levi, Ruel, and Ephraim Foss, Samuel Wood, Harvey i?05C, Daniel, George, 
Sullivan, Samuel, and Thomas Lothrop, Obadiah and William Fettingill, William Bobbins, 
Dodavah Harmon, Ziba, Elijah, Joseph, and Joseph, Jr, Knapp, Nathaniel House, Nelson, 
Nathaniel, Jr, and Hira Gilbert, Oliver Bandell, Joseph Mitchell, Isaac, Samuel, Robert, 
Simeon, and Joseph Gould, Levi Dunham, Abiel Daily, Jacob Bailey, Morgan Brewster, 



Town of Leeds. 555 



Samuel Graves, Charles aud Samuel Sivift, Abner Curtis, Alpheus and Joseph Turner, 
James B. Wendall, Daniel Bichards, Stephen Webster, Zebulon Dean, Stephen Backlei/, 
Ephraim Bumpm, Ararai Woodman, Othniel and Isaac Pratt, Edward Jones, Ezra, Amos, 
Joshua, and Amos, Jr, Berry, William Haines, Capt. William, Cornelius, and Samuel 
Gilbert, Daniel Parcher, Emery Neivton, Beriah and Zoah Samson, Enoch Tupper, John 
Bandall, Zephaniah Hicks, Thomas Piper, Hazael Sampson, Peltiah Knapp, Francis George, 
Zebulon, Thomas, Jr, and Solomon Millett, Ephraim Andrews, George Bridgham, Stillman 
and William Moulton, Thomas Additon, Robert Elms, Archibald, William, and James, 2d, 
Lindseg, Samuel Daij, William T., Marcus, and Ahirah Gilbert, Oscar D. Turner, Jesse 
Berry, Leavitt Lothrop, Michael Samson, Spencer Trask, Joseph Day, Nathaniel Doggett, 
Levi Caswell, Thomas Mitchell, Nathan Bichmond, Nathaniel Giving, Zebulon Libby, 
Bachelder Wing, Thomas Francis, Thaddeus Chambers, Charles Bates, Obadiah Turner, 
Simeon and Phinehas Foss, Caleb and Eleazer Carver, Seth Hoivard, Hamilton Jenkins, 
William Mitchell, John C. Fish, Simeon Knapp, Seth Bose, Isaac Boothby, Samuel Fetch, 
Ebenezer Libby, Ansel Turner, Daniel Witham, Josiah and George Turner, John Botve, 
Luther Carey, Nathan Bandell, Elisha Pratt, John Gould, Daniel Parcher, John Francis, 
John D. Millett, William A. Day, Seth Cary, Stephen and Timothy Foster, Wm B. Curtis, 
Joseph Pettingill, Thomas Drinktvater, Stillman Hoioard, James and Ebenezer Stinchfleld, 
Israel Herrick, Daniel Lane, Charles Knapp, W^elcome Bishop, Samuel Stubbs, Thomas 
Graffam, Daniel Ford, Sullivan, Jr, Lotltrop, Philip C. Mason, Stephen Boothby, Nathaniel 
Jennings, Ansel Fish, Hervey Sylvester, Asa, Jr, Bose, Lewis Turner, Houghton Sumner, 
Benjamin Gilbert, Isaac and Gilbert Magoivn, Caleb and Caleb, Jr, Wing, John Beals, 
Josiah Turner, Issachar Lane, Joseph, Jr, Freeman, Luther Bamsdall, Daniel Lindsey, 
Heber Kimball, Cyrus Foss, Philip Libby, Andrew, Jr, Cushman, Thaddeus Foss, Wm 
Gould, Wm Day, Joseph Frost, Simeon Wood, Henry and Alexander Jennings, John 
Foster, Moses and Moses, Jr, Collier, Levi Gould, Daniel, Jr, Bobbins, Thomas W. Bridg- 
ham, Reuel Pettingill, David Howe, Isaac Freeman, Charles Bates, Arcadus Pettingill, 
Thomas Lindsey, Alson and Solomon Lothroj), Joshua Turner, Hazenan Draper, Salmon 
Bretvster, Rufus Lincoln, Luther L., Barnabas, and Barnabas, Jr, Howard, Thomas Libby, 
Jirah, Ji-, Seth, and Seth, Jr, Fish, John and John, Jr, Beals, David Additon, Stephen 
Knapp, Oliver Cushman, Cyrus Sampson, Merrick, James, Jr, and Ira Lamb, John Sturdi- 
font, Francis George, Joshua Tupper, Hervey Bates, Seth Fish, James Wing, Howard 
Sylvester, Amos Phillips, John Thompson, John L. Lane, Wm Bamsdell, John Perry, 
Samuel, Samuel, 2d, and Abner, Jr, Broivn, Ira Lothrop, Charles Knapp), Nathaniel, Jr, 
House, Gideon Owen, Jabez Doggett, Robert Crummit, Libbeus Curtis, Levi Gilbert, Isaac 
Pettingill, Benjamin Dunham, John, Jr, Jennings, Jason Howard, Nathan Stetson, Ira 
Sampson. 

Soldiers of the Eevolution and War of 1812. — The character of the settlers 
was of the best. The leaders were intelligent, patriotic, thoughtful men, and 
most of the original settlers had felt the vicissitudes of a soldier's life in the 
Revolution, and cherished the preservation of the liberty for which they had 
fought. Their names have been preserved by Mr Howard. They are Major 
Daniel Lothrop, Lieut Daniel Lothrop, 2d, Lieut William Gilbert, Lieut 
Elisha Shaw, Thomas D. Francis, George Parcher, Increase Leadbetter, 
Benjamin Woodman, James Lamb, Andrew Cushman, Abram Wickett, 
William Lindsay, Thomas Millett, Joseph Knapp, Francis George, Daniel 
Lane, Jirah Fish, Daniel Robbins, Ebenezer Mason, Daniel Haines, David 



556 History of Androscoggin County. 

Paul, M. T. Paul, Oliver Randall, Stephen Foster, Aaron Brewster, Zebulon 
Bishop, James Lindsay, Samuel Arnold, Isaac Collins, Daniel Jones, William 
Turner, Israel Royal, Nathaniel House, one named Phillips, one named High- 
land, and three negroes. Cuff Chambers, Prince D'Onset, Simon Pero. In the 
War of 1812 quite a number were sent by Leeds. Among these were Benjamin 
Woodman, Nathaniel House, Jr, Charles Pratt, Walter Pratt, Samuel S/wift, 
Joseph Freeman, Allen Freeman, Levi Bates, Bennett Lamb, Eli Herrick, 
William Mitchell, Benjamin Higgins, Daniel and David Paul, A. Southard. 

Tlie First Road for winter use was "bushed out" in the fall of 1780, through 
Greene to Lewiston, the settlers along the route from New Gloucester joining 
in the work. Along this the first three cows were brought in December, 1780. 
In the winter of 1780-81 a road was bushed out from the east side of the pond 
five miles to the grist-mill in Winthrop. Early roads. — 1801, June 1. These 
roads were accepted: — 

1. Beginning at Monmouth line four rods from the hne between Daniel Lothrop, Jr, 
and Joseph Bishop, and running to the road leading by Elias Lane's to the south part of 
Leeds. 2. Beginning on the Monmouth line 16 rods from the N. W. corner of said line, 
and running thence in a westerly direction to the county road. 3. Beginning at Livermore 
south line at the N. W. corner of lot No. 99 thence S. 5. W. 52.5 rods to the S. W. corner 
of Lot No. 95. 4. Beginning at the road between Nathaniel House's and Thos Lindsay's 
line, thence S. W. 80 rods. 5. Beginning at the Androscoggin river between No. 9 & 10, 
and running easterly to the road nigh Jonathan Fisher's. 6. Beginning at Green line 
between William Gots and Black Nathan's, and running northeasterly. 7. Beginning 21 
rods from Abiatha Kichman's and running north easterly to the county road. 8. Beginning 
on the county road nigh the line between Oliver Randell and Abiel Daily, and running 
southwesterly to Greene. 9. Beginning at the N. W. corner of Leeds and running 
southerly on the bank of the river 510 rods. 

Voted, June 1, 1801, that these roads should be four rods wide. November 
30 voted against indulging Mr Thomas Francis and others in having the road 
leading from Livermore line to the county road three rods wide. Accepted 
of a road beginning at Andrew Cushman's on the road leading from Jennings's 
to Jonathan Fisher's, and running by James Stanley's to the southwest corner 
of James Lamb's lot. Abiel Daily, Peter Lane, and Isaac Boothby were the 
committee to examine the work done by Thomas Stinchfield on the road on 
the north side of Dead river. 1802, April 5, accepted roads: — 

1. Beginning at the Androscoggin river 60 rods north of Joseph Freeman's south line, 
and running southeasterly to the south line between Samuel Herrick and Andrew Cush- 
man, and thence 40 rods upon said line. 2. Beginning at John Millet's house and 
running northeasterly to the road between Robert and Simeon Gould's. 3. Beginning 
near Robert Gould's, thence southeasterly to the county road near Hambleton Jenkins's. 
4. Beginning on the road near Obadiah PettengiU's and running southerly to the road near 
William and Ebenezer Curtis's. 5. Accepted of a road running N. and S. through Greene 
and Leeds. 6. Beginning near William Pettingill's, and running southerly to the line 
between Curtis and Hammon. 7. Beginning at James Lamb's south line and running 
N. W. about 960 rods, 



Town of Leeds. 557 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

Excerpts from Town Records — First Town Meeting— First OiEcers— Action in the 
Civil War — Civil List. 

EXCERPTS FROM Town Records.— TA^^ Fir^t Town Jf<'^'?% was called 
by John Chandler, Esq., and held at the house of Solomon Millett. April 
6, 1801. Dr Abiel Daily was chosen clerk and treasurer; John Whiting, 
Daniel Lothrop, Oliver Otis, selectmen and assessors; James Lindsey, collector ; 
Levi Caswell, Stephen Welcome, John Jennings, Daniel Lothrop, Jr, fence 
viewers; Isaac Collier, Josiali Turner, Giddings Lane, Thomas Lindsay, 
tithing-men ; Josiah Turner, surveyor of boards; Isaac Collier, sealer of 
weights and measures; William Turner, viewer and sealer of brick moles; 
Abiel Daily, Benjamin Millett, Stephen Welcome, Cornelius Gilbert, Joseph 
Freeman, hog reeves; James Lane, pound keeper; Robert Elms, William 
Gilbert, Samuel Jennings, William Pettengill, field drivers; Josiah Day, 
Joseph Day, William Gilbert, Samuel Jennings, Giddings Lane, Thomas 
Lindsay, highways ; Joseph Day, Levi Bates, William Gilbert, John Jennings, 
Oliver Randell, Obadiah Pettiiigill, school committee. Voted to raise -fTOO for 
highways, and $200 for schools. Caleb Strong had GO votes, and Elbridge 
Gerry 13 votes, for governor. April 30 Isaac Collier and Obadiah Pettingill 
were added to the board of selectmen. June 1 voted to pay for recording the 
connty roads laid out from Greene to Livermore and Monmouth. 1806, April 
G, voted to raise -175 for town stock of powder, etc. 1807, May 11, voted that 
the selectmen petition the General Court to grant the petition for incorporating 
a canal from Androscoggin to Kennebec rivers. November 16 voted to hold 
town meetings at the Baptist meeting-house. 1810, March 5, voted to raise 
$70 to procure military stores. May 7 voted that the selectmen be authorized 
to give a bounty of 25 cents to each person that shall present to them a crow 
killed in Leeds, at any time to the middle of July next. November 5 voted 
to build a brick house to deposit the military stores in, to be completed by 
May first, and to put up the building of the house to the lowest bidder, and 
Josiah Turner bid it off for $28. December 20 voted to raise $180 to complete 
stock of military stores and to defray other expenses. 1812, November 2, 
voted to pay to the detached militia men $5 per month, in case they are called 
into actual service. 1813, April 5, voted to pay the Baptist society $8 for the 
use of the meeting-house to hold town meetings in. 1815, April 8, voted that 
the town treasurer pay to the officers commanding the militia companies in 
September last, 60 cents for each man in said companies who furnished them- 



558 History of Androscoggin County. 

selves with three days' ammunition while in government service. May 8 voted 
to allow GO cents to each commissioned officer and 20 cents to each soldier in 
the militia of the town who was called into service and not drafted at Pittston. 
1816, May 20, on the question of the separation of the district of Maine and 
its erection into a separate state, Leeds voted yes, 154 ; noes, 3. 1819, 
September 20, Elder Thomas Francis chosen delegate to the constitutional 
convention in Portland, and December 6 it was unanimously voted to approve 
the constitution there adopted. 

1820, Aprils, for the first governor of Maine Hon. William King had 141 
votes, with 5 scattering. 1822, September 9, voted to build a town house. 
Seth Fish bid off the building for 8246. Voted that he come under bonds in 
the sura of -fSOO to finish the house by September 1 next in a workmanlike 
manner. 1823, September 8, the first meeting held in the new town house. 
1824, Daniel Foss, John Keen, and Stephen Rackley were licensed to sell 
spirituous liquors. 1825, April 4, voted that Mr Elias Lane build the pound, 
according to the plan, for |30. 1831, March 7, voted to raise 1400 for support 
of the poor. Voted to notify town meetings in the future by posting notices at 
the town house, at Oliver P. Frost's shop and at Stephen Welcome's. 1832, 
April 2, voted to notify town meetings in the future by posting notifications at 
Metcalf's shop, at the Baptist meeting-house, and at William Turner's store. 
September 10 voted to build a stone bridge over the stream near Robert 
Gould's. 1834, March 31, voted that Israel Herrick and Allen Freeman have 
gates on so much of the road as exists between the southeast corner of Samuel 
and Israel Herricks's orchard and Allen Freeman's Corner, so-called, during 
the pleasure of the town. 1836, voted to build a good new float bridge at or 
near where the old float bridge now is across Dead river. 1837, March 7, 
voted to raise $650 for the support of the poor. 1839, April 1, the constable 
was directed to post up copies of warrants for town meetings at Walter Foss's 
tavern, at Stephen Welcome's store, at Stephen Day's store, and on the outside 
door of the town house. December 1, voted that Harvey Bates, Uriah Foss, and 
Isaac Boothby borrow i$250 to pay the expenses of camp equipage, etc., 
furnished the soldiers drafted by order of the legislature in 1839, and that they 
be remunerated from the town treasury. 

1841, April 5, the town was divided into 12 school districts and the limits 
defined. 1843, March 8, resolved that the selectmen be instructed to use lawful 
means to suppress the sale of intoxicating drinks without a license in all places 
of the town. May 1 the constable was directed to notify town meetings by 
posting the warrant at the Centre Meeting House, at Union Chapel, at 
Welcome's store, and at the school-house near Thomas Owen's. December 9 
the town line between Leeds and Monmouth was perambulated. 1846, October 
26, the much-discussed bridge to succeed the float bridge across Dead river 
was let to Josiah Day, 2d, to build. Price, ,|300 and the old bridge. 1847, 



Town of Leeds. 659 



March 27, voted to raise |2,000 for highways, 1450 for town expenses, -1300 
for bridge, -tOO for making road to Monmouth line. 1848, April 25, East 
Livermore line perambulated. September 11 voted to build a bridge near 
George Turner's. 1849, March C>, voted to build a hearse house and purchase 
hearse, harness, etc., for the town and to raise 'tlOO for the purpose. 1851, 
March 4, the clerk was authorized to collect all the books, maps, charts, and 
papers properly belonging to the town, and voted that, when any person takes 
out any of the above-named, he shall be charged with the same ; also, voted 
to repair the town house and that the selectmen shall erect guide-posts ; also 
to petition the legislature to define the boundaries of the town. April 7 
voted to prosecute all violations of the law in the sale of intoxicating liquors. 
1852, February 9, voted to aid the Androscoggin railroad to the extent of 
$15,000, 145 in favor, 106 against. March 10 voted that town meetings be 
notified by posting notices on all the meeting-houses in town except the 
Friends. 

1853, March 7, raised $500 to pay town debts. 1854, March 7, voted $825 
for schools, $800 for the poor, $250 for debts, $200 for expenses, $3,000 for 
highways. A new burying-ground was laid out in District No. 3 this year. 
In September cast 143 votes for Lewiston as county seat and 48 for Auburn. 
October 2 John Gilmore, Isaacher Lane, and Isaac Boothby were chosen a 
committee to buy a town farm, which they did soon, as January 15, 1855, it 
was voted that the committee who purchased the town farm procure all needed 
supplies for the poor, and February 10 William Robbins and wife were engaged 
to labor on and oversee the town farm and poor for $200 for the year. In 
April, 1857, voted to discontinue the bridge across Dead river near where 
Samuel Boothby formerly lived, and to rebuild the Foss and Stinchfield 
bridges. December 4 voted not to rebuild the buildings of the town farm, but 
instructed the selectmen to sell the farm and buy another whenever in either 
case they deemed it for the interest of the town to do so. [These buildings 
were burned November 25, 1857, and Mary Pease and Mary A. Bridgham lost 
their lives.] In 1860 Israel Washburn, Jr, had 171 votes for governor to 
Ephraim K. Smart 120. In 1865 voted $1,050 for schools, $500 for poor, $150 
for repairing roads and bridges, $200 for expenses, $2,000 for town debt and 
interest, $2,500 for highways.- January 7, 1867, S. L. Howard chosen select- 
man in place of Aaron Winslow, resigned. March 10, 1868, voted to raise 
$150 for guide-posts. May 4 voted $300 to repair town house. 

1873, March 17, voted to raise $400 for the support of free high schools the 
ensuing year. 1874, March 9, voted that any corporation or individual 
investing not less than $3,000 in any manufacturing carried on by steam or 
water-power located at Leeds Center, shall be exempt from taxation for 10 
years. 1877, voted to abolish the liquor agency. 1879, September 8, voted 
unanimously for biennial elections and sessions of the legislature. 1880, March 



500 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. 

8, voted Isaiah B. Adcliton to go before the legislative commission on state 
valuation at such time as he may deem proper, to effect, if possible, a reduction 
of valuation of the town. 1882, March 13, voted that the selectmen procure a 
hearse and provide a place to keep it. 1886, March 8, voted to exempt the 
Lewiston Monumental Works from taxation for six years, if they will locate at 
West Leeds. 1887, March 14, voted to erect guide-boards at all points needed 
and repair old ones as required by law. 1890, March 10, the superintending 
school committee were instructed to expend the undrawn balance of the free 
high school appropriation of 1887 in the maintenance of a free high school in 
District No. 10 for not exceeding 10 weeks from February 24. The appropri- 
ations were: For support of schools, 81,000; for support of poor, $600; for 
roads and bridges, $500; for labor and material on highways, $2,000; for school 
text-books, -1300; for repair of farm buildings, $200; for miscellaneous pur- 
poses, $500. September 8 the vote for governor was: William P. Thompson, 
98; Edwin C. Burleigh, 97; Isaac R. Clark, 11; Aaron Clark, 3. In 1891 the 
annual report shows a valuation of $302,369, of which $214,385 is resident real 
estate and $63,208 personal. The number of polls is 271 at $2 each. The 
treasurer's account shows total receipts $4,676.99 and total expenditures 
$4,521.84, leaving an undrawn balance February 20, 1891, of $155.15. The 
town paid $7.90 in crow bounty. 

Action in the Civil War. — At a special meeting July 6, 1861, voted that P. B. Caswell, 
Lloyd Gould, and Samuel More be a committee to draw orders on the town treasurer for such 
sums of money as may be expended for the support of families of those " who have or may 
enlist for the defence of the Stars and Stripes." March, 1862, voted to make the selectmen 
(Benjamin Harris, Greenwood C. Gordon, Benjamin Hodsdou) a committee to look after 
the soldiers' families. July 22, 1862, voted to pay each volunteer $75 when he is mustered 
into the U. S. service. August 26, voted $100 to each volunteer under the last call of the 
President, and $50 to each soldier drafted and sworn into the service from Leeds. 1863, 
November 30, voted that $350 be paid each recruit when mustered in, and that the select- 
men designate some intiuential man to procure recruits to fill the town's quota. 1864, 
August 13, voted that the town furnish $300 for each man that enlists to fill the quota now 
called for. December 26 voted to pay $400 as a bounty to each volunteer or drafted man 
that may volunteer or be drafted to fill the call of the President to the extent of the town's 
quota, and that the town treasurer be authorized to loan the sum of $400 per man and 
make such papers as shall most effectually bind the town to the payment of the same. 
1865, March, voted to issue town bonds to pay the war debt. Leeds furnished 161 men for 
the Union army of the Rebellion. 

Civil List. — 1801 — Abial Daily, clerk; John Whiting, Daniel Lothrop, Oliver Otis, Isaac Collier, 
Obadiah Pettingill, selectmen, 1802 — Abial Daily, clerk; John Whiting, Uriah Foss, Isaac Collier, 
selectmen. 1803 — Abial Daily, clerk; Oliver Otis, John Whiting, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1804 — 
Isaac Collier, clerk; Oliver Otis, John Whiting, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1805— Abial Daily, clerk ; 
John Whiting, David Woodman, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1806 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Uriah Foss, 
Isaac Collier, George Lothrop, selectmen. 1807 — Thomas Francis, clerk; George Lothrop, Isaac 
Collier, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1808 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Isaac Collier, George Lothrop, 
Capt. Othniel Pratt, selectmen. 180!) — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, John Whiting, 
Moses Stevens, selectmen. 1810— Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, John Whiting, George 



Town of Leeds. 561 



Lothrop, selectmen. 1811 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, George Lothrop, Abial Daily, 
selectmen. 1812 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Isaiah Beals, selectmen. 
181.'5 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, ITpjah Foss, Isaiah Beals, selectmen. 1814 — Thomas 
Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Martin Leonard, selectmen. 1815 — Thomas Francis, 
clerk; Thomas Francis, George Turner, Oliver Otis, selectmen. 1816 — Thomas Francis, clerk; 
Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Oliver Otis, selectmen. 1817-1818-1819 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas 
Francis, Uriah Foss, George Lothi-op, selectmen. 1820-1821 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas 
Francis, Lewis Turner, Daniel Parcher, selectmen. 1822 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; William 
Gould, Harvey Bates, .John Francis, selectmen. 182.3-1824 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Capt. John 
Francis, William Gould, Harvey Bates, selectmen. 1825— Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John 
Francis, Harvey Bates, Solomon Lothrop, selectmen. 1826 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John 
Francis, Solomon Lothrop, Stephen Wellcome, selectmen. 1827 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; 
Oliver Otis, Harvey Bates, Stephen Wellcome, selectmen. 1828 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John 
Francis, Solomon Lothrop, Levi Foss, selectmen. 1829 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, 
Israel Herrick, Stillman Howard, selectmen. 1830-1831 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey 
Bates, Levi Foss, Solomon Lothrop, selectmen. 1832 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Israel 
Herrick, John Gould, selectmen. 1833-1834-1835 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; John Francis, Stephen 
Rackley, Joshua Turner, selectmen. 1836 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Joshua S. Turner, Benjamin 
Francis, Lssacher Lane, selectmen. 1837 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Benjamin Francis, 
Issacher Lane, selectmen. 1838-1839 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Harvey Bates, Uriah Foss, Isaac 
Boothby, selectmen. 1840 — Thomas Francis, clerk; John Gilmore, Uriah Foss, Isaac Boothby, 
selectmen. 1841 — Thomas Francis, clerk; John Gilmore, Reuel Foss, George K. Stinchfield, select- 
men. 1842 — Barnabas Davee, clerk; Josiah Day, 2d, Harvey Bates, Charles Knapp, selectmen. 
1843-1844 — B. Davee, clerk; Leavitt Lothrop, 'Josiah Day, 2d, Benjamin Francis, selectmen. 1845 — 

B. Davee, clerk; Leavitt Lothrop, Benjamin Francis, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1846 — B. Davee, clerk; 
Josiah Day, 2d, Uriah Foss, Thomas Owen, selectmen. 1847 — B. Davee, clerk; Uriah Foss, Thomas 
Owen, Isaac Boothby, selectmen. 1848 — B. Davee, clerk; Uriah Foss, Isaac Boothby, John Lane, 
selectmen. 1849 — Friend D. Lord, clerk; Isaac Boothby, Peleg B. Caswell, Stillman L. Howard, 
selectmen. 1850 — F. D. Lord, clerk; Peleg B. Caswell, S. L. Howard, George K. Stinchfield, select- 
men. 1851 — F. B. Leonard, clerk; S. L. Howard, George K. Stinchfield, Davis F. Lothrop, selectmen. 
1852 — F. B.Leonard, clerk; Josiah Day, Cyrus Bates, F.D. Millett, selectmen. 1853 — F. B. Leonard, 
clerk; Harvey Bates, S. L. Howard, I. T. Boothby, selectmen. 1854 — John Turner, clerk; Harvey 
Bates, S. L. Howard, I. T. Boothby, selectmen. 1855 — John Turner, clerk; S. L. Howard, Salmon 
Brewster, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1836-1857 — John Turner, clerk; Uriah Foss, Peleg B. Caswell, 
Isaiah B. Additon, selectmen. 1858 — Gessius F. Jennings, clerk; P. B. Caswell, Isaac Boothby, Oscar 
D. Turner, selectmen. 1859-1860 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; Isaiah B. Addition, O. B. Turner, 
Augustus Ramsdell, selectmen. 1861 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; P. B. Caswell, Lloyd Gould, Samuel 
More, selectmen. 1862 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; Benjamin Francis, Greenwood C. Gordon, Benjamin 
Hodsdon, selectmen. 1863 — Davis Francis, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, G. C. Gordon, Arza G. Lothrop, 
selectmen. 1864 — Davis Francis, clerk; Seth Howard, Benjamin Turner, Henry F. Woodman, 
selectmen. 1865 — D. Francis, clerk; S. L. Howard, Uriah Foss, Davis Francis, selectmen. 1866 — 
J. G. Gott, clerk; S. L. Howard, D. Francis, Benjamin Hodsdon, selectmen. 1867 — J. G. Gott, clerk; 
A. G. Lothrop, Freeman Andrews, Aaron Winslow, selectmen. 1868 — J. G. Gott, clerk; A. G. 
Lothrop, Benjamin Francis, B. Hodsdon, selectmen. 1869- John Turner, clerk; A. G. Lothrop, B. 
Francis, G. C. Gordon, selectmen. 1870 — John Turner, clerk; I. B. Additon, G. F. Jennings, T. S. 
Carver, selectmen. 1871-1872-1873-1874-1875-1876-1877-1878 — John Turner, clerk; I. B. Additon, T. S. 
Carver, A.J. Foss, selectmen. 1879 — C. H. Foster, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, John 
P. Jennings, selectmen. 1880 — William R. Pettingill, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, John 
F. Jennings, selectmen. 1881-1882 — C. H. Foster, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, Henry 
Francis, selectmen. 1883 — G. W. Lane, clei'k; I. B. Additon, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, 
selectmen. 1884 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 
1885 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1886 — R. S. 
Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, Henry Pettengill, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1887 — R. S. Loring, clerk; 

C. A. Lovejoy, H. F. Pettengill, J. F. Moody, selectmen. 1888 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, 
C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, selectmen. 1889-1890 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, G. A. 
Jennings, selectmen. 1891 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, George Parcher, 
selectmen. 



562 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER XXXH. 

The First Baptist Church — Universalisiu — Methodism — Tiie First Freewill Baptist 
Church — The Quakers — Schools — Temperance — Mills, Other Industries — Sketches. 

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.— At the time of Jesse Lee's preaching 
here in 1794 Thomas Francis and others were converted, and in June, 
1795, Elder Potter baptized a few persons. This was the first Baptist 
movement in the town. Mr Case came soon after and baptized several who 
joined the Baptist church in Wayne. Meetings in Leeds were held in Gid- 
dings Lane's barn. In 1799 Mr Francis was ordained as an evangelist, and in 
June, 1800, a "Church of Christ" was constituted at Leeds Centre, with these 
members: Elder Thomas Francis, Eleazer Carver, Daniel Lothrop, Giddings 
Lane, Eunice Knapp, Jemima Lane, Daniel Robbins, Matilda Millett, Joanna 
Turner, Isaac Freeman, James Sampson, Sarah Foster, Joseph Gould, Thomas 
Millett, Zebulon Millett, Elizabeth Otis. Elder Francis was elected pastor, 
and Giddings Lane, deacon. Elder Francis was appointed to prepare a letter 
to the Bowdoin Baptist Association requesting admission into that body, and 
Elder Francis and Deacon Lane were sent as "messengers." The First BaiMst 
Society was- incorporated June 23, 1804, with these members : Thomas D. 
Brands, Oliver Otis, Josiah Turner, Zebulon P. Millett, James Lane, Nathaniel 
House, Jr, Andrew Cushman, Samuel Herrick, John Millett, Isaac Collier, 
Uriah Foss, Giddings Lane, Isaac Truman, Ebenezer Mason, Daniel Lane, Jr, 
Thomas Millett, Jr, Simeon Gould, Phinehas Foss, Robert Gould, Joseph 
Gould, Seth Howard, Abial Daily, Daniel Lowtln'op, Daniel Lowthrop, Jr, 
James Stanley, David Woodman, Eleazer Carver, Daniel Robbins, Thomas 
Millet, and William Turner, " and their families and estates." With some of 
the best people as members and constant attendants upon divine service, and 
under the earnest labors of Rev. Mr Francis, this church grew in numbers and 
strength. March 19, 1806, this letter was read to the society: — 

I hereby certify that the following persons request to joiu the first Baptist Society in 
Leeds with their polls and estates, and they co-unite in religious worship with said Society: 
(viz) James Lamb, Samuel Leadbetter, Peter Lane, Thomas Lothrop, Samuel Lane, 
Obediah Turner, Roger Stinchfleld, Isaac Boothby, and Dodavah Harmon, all of Leeds. 

Abiel Daily, Clerk of said Society. 

In 1806 the meeting-house at Leeds Centre was completed. Rev. Thomas D. 
F'rancis laid deep the foundations of the church by his fervent preaching until 
1835. He died May 9, 1836. This year the meeting-house was repaired. 
Solomon Lothrop, Rowland Howard, and Leavitt Lothrop were the committee 



Town of Leeds. 563. 



in charge. The successors of Elder Francis were Allen Barrows, from 1835 to 
1837; Smith Hinkley, 1837; Wilson C. Rider, 1838; Daniel Hutchinson, 1839; 
Robert C. Starr, 1810 ; Daniel Hutchinson, 1841 ; S. S. Leighton, 1842 to 1845 ; 
J. W. Lawton, 1846 to 1848; Elders Sargent and Tilton, 1849; Allen Barrows, 
1850 to 1855; Abram Snyder, 1856; Elder Gurney,1857; Elder Fulton, 1858; 
Joel P. Chapin, 1859 to 1863; O. Richardson, 1863; William E. Noyes, 1864 
to 1868; Joel Wheeler, 1868; Henry A. Libby, 1869; S. S. Brownson, 1870 to 
1873. In 1870 Seth Millett was chosen deacon in place of A. J. Lane, resigned. 
J. E. Palmer was also deacon at this time. In 1887, in a communication to 
the Bowdoinham Baptist Association, was written : — 

During the 87 years of our existence upwards of 200 members have been enrolled. For 
G7 years a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society has been sustained, and every year a cou- 
tribution of from $5 to $20 has been made in its behalf. Our pulpit has been supplied 
occasionally for the past year. Bro. A. A. Mainwaring has labored among us nearly every 
week with encouraging results. Our congregation has averaged somewhat larger than for 
a few years past. Our Sunday school is still flourishing under Bro. H. W. Lincoln's earnest 
and able management. 

Deacon T. C. Libby died in 1889, and October 12 Seth Howard was re-elected 
senior deacon and W. R. Pettingill junior deacon, to serve seven years. March 
7, 1891, it was voted to make the seats free, and March 12 to make extensive 
repairs. This time-honored structure has been remodeled, reconstructed, and 
entirely renovated. 

The Second Baptist Church and Society were organized in 1843, erected a 
meeting-house at South Leeds, and had a prosperous existence for many years 
under the ministrations of Rev. Walter Foss, its only pastor. It lost its visi- 
bility about 1872. 

Universalism. — From a very early period the preaching of Rev. Thomas 
Barnes had found sympathy in many households of Leeds. The earliest 
history of a Universalist organization is given in a manuscript in the hand- 
writing of Israel Herrick, bearing date 1833, giving answers to questions 
asked in the Intelligeyicei- of September 28, relative to the state of Universalist 
societies in Kennebec and Somerset counties. He says: — 

The First Universalist Society in Leeds was organized March 13, 1830, of 60 members. 
There usually attends meeting about 200 people. In the summer of 1832 the society hired 
preaching one-quarter of the time for six months. Rev. Thomas Dolloflf preached, for 
which we paid him $24 in money, raised by subscription ; we have no funds. Our society 
is scattered all over the town, and the subscriptions fall on those near the meeting, besides 
our society generally is not of the wealthiest class, therefore our subscriptions are not in 
proportion to our numbers. The society has not much increased or diminished. Our 
prospects are as good as at any former period. We have had no difficulty in obtaining 
preaching in proportion to our means until the present season. We have no meeting-house, 
our meetings are well accommodated in the town house. Our society is well united — a good 
degree of feeling existing among the members. We hold no meetings except on Sundays, 



564 History of Androscoggin County. 

have no Sunday School nor Bible Class. We have our regular yearly society meetings 
besides intermediate meetings as occasion requires, but generally not fully attended. It is 
my opinion that the number that attends our meeting is larger than attends any other 
meeting in town except the Free-Willers, which occasionally may be as large or larger than 
ours. I should think not far from one-half of the ratable polls were in favor of the 
doctrine of Universalism. 

At this time some of the leading members were Israel Herrick, Levi Foss, 
John Francis, Caleb Carver, William Gott, Simeon Gould, Barnabas Davee, 
George Lothrop, Thomas W. Bridgham, Benjamin Millett, Alexander Jennings, 
Ebenezer Stinchfield, Samuel More, James Lindsey, John Carver, Solomon 
Lothrop, Samuel Jennings, Levi Dunham, Levi Caswell, Lemuel Sumner, 
James Stinchfield. From this time we find no records until March 20, 1837, 
when a petition to (reorge Lothrop, Esq., asking him to issue his warrant to 
Barnabas Davee, directing him to notify the petitioners to meet at the town 
house, April 15, to organize the First Universalist Society of Leeds, was signed 
by Israel Herrick, Asa Rose, B. Millett, Jr, William P. Millett, O. J. Frost, 
Solomon Lothrop, Benjamin Millett, Thomas W. Bridgham, Franklin B. 
Leonard, Samuel More, Isaac Pratt, Eben Stinchfield, James K. Stinchfield, 
Isaac Boothby, John Carver, James Stinchfield, Jr, Aaron Dvvinal, Barnabas 
Davee, Elias Lane, Robert Crumett. In 1836 the Baptist meeting-house had 
been jointly repaired by the L^niversalists and Baptists, and an agreement 
made whereby the Universalists were to occupy the house " the fourth Sunday 
in each month." The society was duly organized, a constitution adopted, 
Israel Herrick elected clerk, and assessors, etc., chosen. It is most probable 
that the following were pew owners in the repaired church : Alexander 
Jennings, Aaron Dwinal, Samuel More, Solomon Lothrop two, Giddings Lane 
two, Eben Stinchfield, John D. Millett, Benjamin i\Iillett, Jr, Israel Herrick, 
Lemuel Sumner, Ira Lamb, Isaac Pratt, Isaac Boothby, Robert Crumett. 

In April, 1843, Giddings Lane, I. Herrick, S. More were elected assessors, 
Samuel More, John D. Millett, Isaac Boothb}^ a committee "to see whether 
the agreement entered into between the society's relative to the occupancy of 
the Meeting-house is Binding." This was the commencement of a long and 
serious contest for the title of one-fourth of the liouse, culminating in a suit 
brought by the Baptist society against Perry Grant for malicious trespass in 
breaking open the meeting-house for Universalist service. From the decision 
of the supreme court in favor of the Baptist ownership an appeal was taken. 
The decision was made in 1871 in favor of the plaintiffs on the ground that 
under the act of incorporation of the Baptist society there could not be a legal 
transfer of any of its property. In 1872 an elegant Universalist meeting- 
house containing 52 pews was built at a cost of $5,000, and November 10, 
1873, Isaiah B. Additon, Giddings Lane, Horace Herrick, B. Davee, R. 
Jennings, Charles S. Gordon, Lewis Churchill, H. L. Millett, Willard Lothrop, 



Town of Leeds. 565 



Rollin S. Loriiig, I. F. Jennings, L. H. Sumner, and W. B. Sumner petitioned 
H. M. Brewster, Esq., for a warrant enabling the "Stockholders of the Leeds 
Center Parish Church," to make an incorporation, which was effected Novem- 
ber 18, when Giddings Lane was chosen clerk. He held that office until his 
death, when his son, G. W. Lane, succeeded him. Rev. (^tis H. Johnson, of 
Jay, preached every fourth Sunday from 1869 to 1879, and part of the time 
every other Sunday. He was succeeded by Revs. Barnes, Bosserman, White, 
Cutler, and Smith. The society maintains preaching through the summer, 
and has a well-attended Sabbath school; Willard Lothrop, superintendent. 

Methodism was preached in Littleborough (Leeds), December 23, 1794, by 
Jesse Lee, who rode to Mr Lane's house, and at two o'clock preached to a 
crowded congregation, " and the melting presence of God was among us." In 
the evening he preached from the text, " Casting all your care upon him ; 
for he careth for you." Many of his hearers were affected, and he notes : "It 
appeared as if the whole neighborhood was about to turn to God." This town 
was in Readfield circuit as early as 1795 : subsequently it became a part of 
Monmouth circuit, and for many years was regularly visited by the preachers. 
A class was formed as early as 1795. In 1838 Rev. John Allen held a 
protracted meeting in the school-house at Quaker Ridge ; several persons 
were converted, and a class was formed with Salmon Brewster leader, and 
Mrs Salmon Brewster, Morgan Brewster and wife, Nathan Stetson and 
wife, Charles A. Additon, Ruby Additon, Louisa Gilmore, Huldah Gilmore, 
Louisa Additon, George D. Lothrop, Pamelia Bridgham, and other members. 
The society increased, and held meetings in the school-house until 1851, when, 
through the instrumentality of Rev. John Cumner, the pastor, and through the 
liberality of Salmon Brewster, the meeting-house was built. Leeds and 
Greene have been a circuit for many years, with preaching at Quaker Ridge and 
Keen's Corners. The society is somewhat scattered in residence. In 1881 
a parsonage was purchased and fitted up. . In 1886 there were 37 members, 
80 Sunday-school scholars. Church valued at -^1,000; parsonage, #500. That 
year the society paid off the debt on the parsonage. A new union chapel, 
costing $1,400, at Keen's Corner, was dedicated May 5, 1891. 

A Methodist class, now joined to Wayne circuit, has long existed at North 
Leeds. Amos Thombs was class leader many years. He was succeeded by 
Elisha D. Gould, whose son, Russell, now holds the office. There are sixteen 
members. Rev. J. R. Masterman preaches every other Sabbath in the union 
chapel. 

The First Freewill Baptist Church was organized at North Leeds, February 
11, 1829, by Elder Abiezer Bridges. The original members were Joshua 
Tupper, Warren Howard, Lucy Tupper, Mercy Dunham, Julia A. Stanley, 
Almira Turner, Martha Grant (now, June 1, 1891, aged 95), Anna Additon, 
Deborah Bridges, Eliza Bridges. It belonged to Bowdoin Quarterly Meeting, 



566 History of Androscoggin County. 



and had its largest membership (75) in 1836. At this time a union chapel was 
erected, one-half owned by this society, one-fourth by the Methodists, and one- 
fourth by individuals of the Baptist and Campbellite (Christian) faith. Prior 
to 183G the Fiee Baptists held their meetings in school-houses and dwellings, 
but from this time they had preaching every other Sabbath in the chapel. 
The Quarterly Meeting recognizes the church, although the membership is but 
eio-ht. The deacons have been Joshua Tupper, Warren Howard, George 
Gould, and Francis D. Millett, who has held office 24 years. 

Rev. Greenwood Gordon ministers to those of Christian faith. 

The Quakers in 1807 erected a meeting-house on Quaker Ridge. They 
continued to hold meetings there quite a number of years, but subsequently 
moved their meeting-house about a mile west to their burying-ground, and a 
few years later moved it opposite Stephen Wellcome's. About 1869 it was 
sold and torn down, the society having become extinct. 

Schools. — The value of education was impressed upon the children of the 
first settlers by their first teacher, that wise man, Thomas Francis, and the 
later families brought from their Massachusetts homes that reverence for 
learning so characteristic of the sons of the Old Bay State. 1801, April 6, at 
the first town meeting, $200 was voted for schools, and Joseph Day, Levi 
Bates, William Gilbert, John Jennings, Oliver Randell, and Obadiah Pettingill 
were chosen school committee. November 31, voted to accept the division of 
districts made by the selectmen, and that each district draw their own money. 
In 1802 and 1803 $300 was voted for schools. November 7, 1803, Elder 
Thomas Francis, Abiel Daily, and George Turner, Jr, were chosen to inspect 
schools and teachers. 1804, November 5, voted to divide the school money 
according to the number of scholars. 1804 and 1805, 1300 raised for schooling. 
1806, April 7, $500 voted for schools. June 9, George Lothrop, Isaac Collier, 
and Thomas Millett, Jr, were chosen to divide the town into school districts, 
and nine districts were defined. 1819, March 8, $500 was raised for schools. 
1822, voted to raise $620 for schools. George Turner, Harvey Bates, Daniel 
Lothrop, Oliver Otis, Stillman Howard, Daniel Parcher, Robert Gould, Samuel 
Brown, Samuel Stinchfield, and Joseph Mitchell were chosen to revise the 
limits of the school districts. 1831 and 1832, voted to raise $675 for schools. 
1845 and 1846, $700 voted for schools. 1848, March 7, the school committee 
recommended that a high school be established, and were instructed to mature 
[plans for] the same and report. In 1860 and for a few years after, $1,050 was 
raised for schools, and in 1868, 1870, and 1871 $1,200 were voted. In 1873 the 
town raised $400 for high schools. From this time, although the district 
system has been maintained, a free high school has from time to time been 
kept, and great attention has been paid to the other schools; good teachers as a 
rule have been employed, and satisfactory results have followed their teaching. 
In the 12 districts of the town in 1890 237 of the 343 scholars in town received 



Town of Leeds. 567 



instruction, and, in addition to |!l,000 raised by the town, $661.40 from the 
state was expended. The free high school located at Leeds Center in the 
spring of 1890 was taught by C. F. Leadbetter. Miss Laura M. Sylvester, the 
supervisor, is a normal school graduate and a practical teacher of more than 
ordinary ability. Stephen R. Deane has done good service on the school com- 
mittee. He gives this graphic account of early schools : — 

The acquisition of a common school education 60 years ago was often attended with 
difficulties of which scholars of the present age know nothing. Many districts had no 
school-houses. I recollect attending school for a short time in three neighboring districts 
where the schools were kept in winter in a room in some dwelling-house, and in summer 
sometimes in a shop, a corn house, and, in one instance, on the big barn floor. The 
district in which I lived had no school-house till several years after I ceased to be a 
scholar. The district lay on two roads nearly parallel to each other and about a mile 
apart, and no road within its limits to connect them, so the people could never agree upon 
a proper site for their house to stand. The school-room was furnished with seats made of 
planks or slabs long enough to reach from end to end and from side to side of the room, 
and the desk for writing was of like material, fastened to the walls (usually on three sides 
of the room) so that the scholars when writing were obliged to turn their backs to the 
teacher and face the wall, the window, and, too often, the darkness; for windows were 
neither large nor plenty, one or more corners of the room being too shady for the pupil to 
clearly discern the plummet lines under his copy. It was thought that for a boy to be able 
to perform all the hard problems in Kenney's arithmetic was about all he ever need to 
know of mathematics. Reading, writing, and geography were to be studied, but grammar 
was considered too effeminate and quite useless unless the boy aspired to become a teacher. 
Girls learned spelling, reading, and grammar, but arithmetic was regarded for them much 
as grammar was for boys. Ambitious mothers provided their daughters with a square of 
nice linen for the foundation of a sampler on which the letters of the alphabet, figures, her 
age, and other things (according to the fancy of her teacher and her skill) were to be 
wrought in needle work. There were but few who made teaching a business, and in 
general nothing beyond a common school education constituted their literary qualifications. 
The school fund was small and apportioned to the several districts according to the number 
of scholars in each. 

Temperance. — The cause of temperance has been strongly upheld by tlie 
good people of Leeds. Even before the days of the Washingtonians temper- 
ance meetings were held, and from the formation of the first society here 
organizations have existed. The Good Templars have two lodges at this 
writing, Stou}'^ Brook at North Leeds and Sparkling Diamond at Leeds 
Junction. 

Fir%t Mills and Other Industries., Merchants, etc. — John Jennings built the 
first saw-mill, a small affair, about 1790, at West Leeds, for the use of himself 
and his three sons near him, but accommodated liis other neighbors also. This 
was located near where Zachary Gary afterwards built a fulling mill. The 
second saw-mill was built in 1804 by Thomas Mitchell and Elias and Peter 
Lane. Andrew Gushman, who married Bathsheba Jennings in 1789, and 
settled in Leeds, built the first grist-mill, in 1814, on the privilege at West 



568 History of Androscoggin County. 

Leeds now occupied by R. E. Swain. In 1817 he built a saw-mill on the same 
power. At his death in 1844, Daniel Hinkley became proprietor, and built a 
new mill. Stillman and Seth Howard later owned this property. Orrin B. 
Taylor was the next owner; he was succeeded in turn by E. E. Wheeler, 
Rodolphus Jennings, and R. E. Swain. Mr Swain has a manufactory of box 
boards and dowels, employing several hands, on this privilege. Eben Mason 
built the second grist-mill in town in 1816 on this same stream, deriving his 
power from an overshot wheel, 16 feet in diameter. Like all the early mills, 
this had a short existence. This Eben Mason was the first blacksmith. His 
shop was at the corner where Dr Loring lives. Oliver P. Frost had a black- 
smith shop very early at West Leeds, and Charles Bates one on Quaker Ridge. 
From his family Bates hill takes its name. Robert Crumett was the early 
blacksmith at the Center. Stephen Welcome and Cyrus Sampson had 
"asheries," where they made potash. The trades of tanning and shoeraaking 
were early combined. Samuel More, who served in the navy in the War of 
1812 and was made prisoner, came to Leeds in 1814, put up a small tannery at 
Leeds Center, and was the town's first tanner. He continued to tan leather 
and make shoes until 1849. He died in 1881. James and Ira Lamb and Seth 
Cary were also tanners. 

Merchants. — The earliest were the Indian traders, Thomas and Roger 
Stinchfield. Some of the wealthier early settlers kept large stocks of necessities 
for their own use and frequentl}' accommodated their neighbors by sales or 
barter. The first traders, as we now use the term, were Stephen Welcome in 
the southwest part, William Turner in the south part (notices for town meeting 
were posted on his store in 1832), Cyrus Sampson at South Leeds, and 
Solomon Lothrop. Later Stephen Day (1839) and Joshua Lane (at the Dr 
Loring corner) had good stores. Solomon Lothrop, established at Leeds 
Center in 1820, was in trade many years. Noah Sturtevant, from Winthrop, 
succeeded him in trade until his store was burned. Mr Lothrop rebuilt the 
store and again engaged in trade. He sold to Barnabas Davee, who also 
conducted a furniture shop for some years. About 1820 Simeon Foss was in 
trade on the southeast corner at Leeds Center, and Nathan Randall near the 
town house. After Davee one Fogg traded for a short time, and then the 
store was idle. After a while S. & S. L. Lothrop put in a stock of goods, and 
later sold to Thaddeus F. More in 1846, Josiah Day succeeding him in 1847. 
The railroad contractors kept a store from 1849 to 1853. G. G. More, son of 
Samuel, was in trade in 1861. After him came Cyrus B. Lane, succeeded by 
Charles Lane, who was in business in 1872. Wallace L. Francis has occupied 
this stand for the last four years, carries a large general stock of goods, does a 
prosperous business, and is postmaster. Giustavus W. Lane established himself 
at the Center in 1883 as a dealer in groceries, flour, grain, feed, etc. In 
connection with his mercantile business, in 1889 he erected a steam grist-mill 



Town of Leeds. 569 



at the station, to grind 200 bushels of corn daily. This has increased from a 
business of |5,000 annually to 150,000. He is also station and express agent. 
Thomas Q. Foss has been in trade and wool buying at North Leeds since 1850. 
H. M. Brewster is in trade at Curtis's Corner, and Brewster, Burgess & Co. 
have a steam mill, and manufacture lumber and boxes. C. H. Foster is a 
trader at West Leeds. Among the representative farmers are Peter Lane, 
T. H. Boothby, D. F. Lothrop, William B. Sumner, Henry G. Mitchell, the 
Additons, Seth Howard, A. J. Foss, Willard Lothrop, Cyrus B. Lane, Henry 
Francis, George Parcher, F. D. Millett. 

Physicians. — Abial Daily is said to have been the first physician. Among 
his successors have been Dr Thomas W. Bridgham, Dr Lord, and Dr R. S. 
Loring, who resides near the Center. 

H. F. Webb ^ Co. — This firm puts up canned goods. The business 
originated with Willard Lothrop in 1885. He canvassed the town for farmers 
who would agree to plant sweet corn for a canning factory, and, securing a 
sufficient number, Joseph Berry began the business the same year. In 1886 
H. F. Webb & Co. came and have conducted a profitable enterprise to them- 
selves and the people. They pay three cents for 26 ounces of corn and put 
up 175,000 cans of corn yearly, besides other vegetables. 

Leeds Dairying Association. — This originated with the canvass by Mr 
Lothrop for the introduction of a canning factory. He found that quite a 
number were ready to support a cheese factory, and a stock company with 
11,500 capital was organized the same year (1885) with Willard Lothrop, 
D. F. Lothrop, J. F. Jennings, C. H. Lovejoy, John Woodman, directors, and 
G. W. Lane, treasurer. They built a factory at Leeds Center, employed a 
cheese maker, and went into operation in June. It has succeeded even beyond 
the expectation of its originators, and has declared annual dividends of from 
five to twelve per cent. Most of the product is sold in Lewiston. The 
directors in 1891 are D. F. Lothrop, B. Turner, T. H. Boothby ; C. H. Lane is 
clerk; G. W. Lane, treasurer. 

The town was early noted for its attention to agricultural improvement. 
Rev. Paul Coffin hi 1796 was a guest of William Gilbert, and speaks of his 
crops thus: "This man raises annually about five hundred bushels of bread 
stuff and fourteen hundred weight of flax, etc. His hay and bread stuff will 
this year exceed two tons of hay, and more, by the acre on upland." It is 
said to have been the first of the Androscoggin valley towns to hold a town 
fair or "show," and the disphxy was "magnificent," all the people exerting 
themselves to make each annual exhibition a success. These fairs were 
discontinued many years since, but since 1885, and with the creation of the 
Grange, renewed attention is given to them. Leeds has been almost exclusively 
an agricultural town, and from the rugged culture of its fields have been 
brought up strong, capable men, who, succeeding to the worth of a brave and 



570 History of Androscoggin County. 



gallant ancestry, have, at home and elsewhere, done honor to their parent 
town, and reflected credit on the family names. Many have served with 
distinction in the military service of the country, many have adorned the 
walks of professional life, while those who have remained on the old homesteads 
possess the same qualities and carry into all departments of life the same 
ability, integrity, and marked sense of honor, possessed by their pioneer 
ancestry and the Massachusetts families from whom they descend. 

The Lane Family is one of the oldest in town. Daniel La7ie, the pioneer, 
was originally from Gloucester, Essex county, Mass. This county has ever 
been noted for the intelligence of its inhabitants, the first settlers having been 
mostly descendants of noble English families. In 1782, Daniel Lane, with 
wife, Mary, and family, came from New Gloucester. He had served in the 
Revolution, been taken by the British, and kept two years in Dartmoor prison. 
His children were: Daniel^ who married, first, Eunice Verrill, and had Joshua, 
Daniel, Eunice, Nancy, Lois, and Mary; second, Ruth Pratt, and had Eliphalet 
G., Olive, Lorinda; James, married Abigail Leadbetter; children, Phebe, 
Joanna, John, Abigail, Asenath, Eliza, Hannah, Alden, Columbus, James ; 
Griddiw/s, married Jemima Norris ; children, Polly, Alpheus, Lydia, Jemima, 
Dorcas, Fanny, Giddings, Samuel, Susannah, Esther, Calvin, and Nancy ; Ellas, 
married Mary Lawrence, and located in 1790 on the lot where his grandson, 
D. F. Lothrop, resides; children, Elizabeth, David, Warren, Alvin ; Peter, 
married, first, Lois Verrill; children, Eliphalet, Issachar, David, Jesse, Judith, 
Lois; second, Grace Turner; children, Semyntha, Peter, Joanna, Eunice, 
Benjamin F., Charles, Harriet; Saminel, married, first, Judith Verrill; second, 
Sarah Nye; children, Henry K., Samuel, Harriet; Mary, married Stephen 
Rowe, of Danville; Judith, married Captain Daniel Jones; they had nine 
children; Lydia married Nathaniel Norcross, of Hallo well. The sons of 
DanieP settled west of Androscoggin pond, except one who settled near the 
center of the town. 

Peter Lane was born at Leeds, September 7, 1816. He was son of Peter 
of New Gloucester, and Grace (Turner) Lane (a daughter of William and 
Joanna Turner, who came from Bridge water, Mass., to Littleborough in 1787). 
Peter Lane married, first, Lucretia P., daughter of Hon. Stillman Howard, of 
Leeds; second, Mary J., daughter of James Palmer, of Cornville. Mr Lane 
was in business in Portland for 33 years. Since 1872 he has conducted his 
farm of 200 acres on Chapel hill. He makes a specialty of butter-making. 
In his herd of 50 choice cattle in 1890, 40 were fine Jersey and grade cows. 
Mr Lane is a Republican; in religious preferences a Universalist. 

The Jennings Family were early residents of Sandwich, Mass., and probably 
descend from Sir William Jennings, of England. John and Ruhama Jennings 
had one son, Samuel, who was town clerk 25 years. His sons were Samuel 
and John. John removed to Wayne in 1780 with a large family. His sons, 



Town op Leeds. 571 



Samuel and John, came to Leeds about 1784, cleared farms, and made homes, 
near the Androscoggin. Samuel married Olive Tupper. His sons were Samuel 
and Perez S., who was born in Leeds. Perez S. married Joanna, daughter of 
James Lane. Their children were Orville, who became U. S. district attorney 
in Arkansas; Cress/us F., a prominent citizen of Farmington ; lioscoe G., a 
physician, professor of clinical surgery and dermatology in and secretary of 
Arkansas Lidustrial University; RolUnF.; Q-iiHfavus J.., occupied the old 
homestead; Eliza A.^ married Isaiah B. Additon. John, brother of Samuel, 
married Sarah Morton. Children: Alexander ; John ; Sardli ; Bctse// ; Franldin 
N.; Pliehe W.; Robert; Deborah C. ; Esther M.; Columlnis, an excellent 
farmer on Riverside farm ; and Stur(/es N. 

The Lotltrop Family^ of Leeds, descends from Mark Lothrop,' who came to 
Salem, Mass., about 1643, and in 105G was one of the proprietors of Bridge- 
water ; in 1657 took the " Oath of Fidelitie," in 1658 was elected constable, 
and for 25 years held a high place in affairs, dying in 1685. His sons were 
Samuel and Mark. SamueP lived in Bridgewater. His son, Daniel,^ born in 
West Bridgewater, May 2, 1721, married Rhoda Willis, and was a major in 
Col Crafts's regiment at Dorchester Heights, when Washington took command 
of the army. Major Lothrop was also one of the original members of the 
First Baptist church of Bridgewater. In 1790 he rode on horseback from 
Bridgewater to Littleborough to visit his son, Daniel, Jr,^ and was well 
pleased with the locality and remained until his death in 1818. Col Daniel 
LothrojJ, Jr^ was born in Bridgewater, Mass., in 1745, and in 1785 came to 
Leeds with a large family. He had been an officer in the Revolution, was an 
able man, and one of the first selectmen. He married, first, Hannah Howard; 
second, Lydia Willis; third, Mary Turner, in 1785. His children were George, 
Daniel, Thomas, Hannah, Samuel, Sullivan, Lydia, Polly, Rhoda, and Alson. 
He died in 1837. His many descendants have proved themselves worthy of 
their name and their ancestry. George,*^ born in Bridgewater, 1765, married 
Polly Thayer. He eventually located in Leeds, where he died in 1839. His 
children attaining maturity were : Solomon ; Leavitt ; Hannah, married George 
Gould; Jeremiah; Polly, married Reuel Foss, who moved to Auburn about 
1866, where they died. 

Solomon Lothrop^ son of George and Polly (Thayer) Lothrop, was born in 
Bridgewater, February 26, 1788, and coming to Leeds, he married, July 15, 
1810, Sarah W., daughter of Daniel and Sally (Whiting) Lothrop. He was 
the first postmaster of the Center, and for many years was active as a business 
man. Lothrop's Corner through his energy became a prominent center. He 
acquired wealth, became owner of a large acreage, filled numerous offices, and 
was active in social and religious circles. His home was where Willard 
Lothrop lives, and was purchased from Dr Abiel Daily. Among his children 
were: Soloynon X., born June 10, 1817, married April 20, 1840, Hannah 



572 History of Androscoggin County. 

Turner, who survives him. Betsey, born December 13, 1813, married Lewis 
Turner, and has tliree children: Ermina J. (Mrs E. D. Hamilton), Emma C. 
(Mrs James Norris), Frances A. (Mrs Turner now lives in Middleboro, Mass.) 
WiUard, the youngest son, was born June 18, 1828, and married, January 10, 
1860, Emma, daughter of Rev. Samuel and Sarah (Leadbetter) Boothby. 
Children: Susie E. (Mrs G. W. Lane), Frank B., Sarah C. Mr Lothrop has 
contributed much to the advancement of the town by securing the establish- 
ment of various industries. He is especially interested in the Universalist 
church and is superintendent of its Sabbath school. 

Captain Seth Howard came from West Bridgewater in 1801, and purchased 
of Roger Stinchfield the farm opposite the Otis place on the northeast. He 
was baptized by Rev. Isaac Backus, and is said to have been the first person in 
that town to have received apostolic baptism. The Howards of Leeds descend 
from John Howard, who came from England prior to 1643 and settled in 
Duxbury, and, in 1651, became one of the proprietors and original settlers of 
West Bridgewater. Captain Howard was a man of dignity, a good presiding 
officer, and was frequently moderator. His wife was Desire Bailey of West 
Bridgewater. They had seven sons and two daughters: jStUlman, the oldest 
son, married Lydia Lothrop and settled in Leeds, and was a successful farmer, 
an important man of affairs, a captain in 1814, was representative when Maine 
was made a state, and later ; justice of the peace and quorum ; county commis- 
sioner of Kennebec county, and one of Governor John W. Dana's council in 
1849. He died in 1861, aged 76. He had two sons, Stillman L. and Seth. 
Everett died in Georgia. Ward was collector of customs in New York City for 
four years under Van Buren's administration. SetJi died in Mississippi. Rotv- 
land B. settled on the homestead. Valentine R. was a physician in Alabama 
and died there. Benjamin F. settled in Leeds (he died in 1882). His daughter 
married A. J. Foss. Aurelia married first, Dr Thomas M. Bridgham ; second, 
Samuel Leadbetter. Lueretia married Jabez Leadbetter. 

Stillman Lotlirop Howard, eldest son of Hon. Stillman and Lydia (Lothrop) 
Howard, was born March 3, 1810, in Leeds, and died in Wayne, November 9, 
1890. He was a teacher many years and taught navigation. For over 40 
years he held prominent town offices, and was the first justice commissioned in 
Androscoggin count}^ and held a conmiission 42 years. He was selectman, 
treasurer, etc., and for 30 years was a trustee of Monmouth Academy. The 
historical sketch of Leeds in the "Atlas" was written by him. He married, 
in 1833, Julia A., daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Gilbert) Turner. Children : 
Ward B., Howland, Daniel H., Lucius, Florence, Julia, Henrietta (Mrs John 
Clark Stinchfield). Mr Howard did much probate business, was a valuable 
counselor, and his efforts brought about many public improvements. He 
moved to Wayne in 1875. 

Seth Howard, son of Hon. Stillman and Lydia (Lothrop) Howard, was born 
in Leeds. He married Amanda Additon and has seven children, Elsie A. 



Town of Leeds. 573 



(Mrs H. W. Lincoln), Fletcher and Florilla (Mrs James C. Pike) — twins, Lydia 
A. (Mrs Charles S. Pike), Seth A., Dora L., and Lucretia L. He has been 
often in positions of public trust — member of school committee, selectman, 
treasurer, representative, and justice of the peace. He is a deacon of the 
Baptist church, an active member of the Grange, and a strong Republican. 
He is one of the best types of the intelligent and well-read farmers of Maine, 
liberal of his time and means in religions and educational causes. 

Major- trcneral Oliver Otis Hoivard., A.M.^ LL.I)., born in Leeds, November 
8, 1830, was graduated from West Point in 1854 as lieutenant of ordnance, 
and in 18G1 was made colonel of the Third Maine. He was promoted to brig- 
adier for distinguished services ; was twice wounded at Fair Oaks, losing his 
right arm ; commanded his division at Antietam ; was made major-general in 
1862; commanded the Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville and in the Peninsula 
campaign ; received a letter of thanks from the President for skill and bravery 
at Gettysburg ; was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, where he won 
distinction ; commanded one of the three grand divisions of Sherman's army 
in its march to the sea, and, March 13, 1865, became brigadier and brevet 
major-general U. S. A. In May he was made Chief of the Freedman's Bureau, 
which he resigned in 1872 to become commissioner to the Apaches. From 
1874 to 1881 he commanded the Department of the Columbia, in 1877 con- 
ducted the war against the Nez Percys, in 1878 the Piute and Bannock wars, 
in 1881 and 1882 was in command of the Department of West Point, then was 
transferred to the Department of the Platte. He has been now for several 
years in command of the Division of the Atlantic. In civil life General 
Howard is noted for high Christian character and as an author of ability. 

General Charles H. Hoivard, born in August, 1838, was a lieutenant in the 
Third Maine, later aide-de-camp to General O. O. Howard, rose by promotion 
to brevet brigadier-general. After the war he was made assistant commissioner 
of the Freedman's Bureau, He has been editor of the Chicago Advayice, and is 
now editor of the Farm, Field arul Stockman, of Chicago. 

Rev. Rowland B. Howard, formerly a pastor at Farmington, is secretary of 
the American Peace Society, Boston. 

jStepheu R. Deane, born in Leeds, September 4, 1816, descends from John 
Deane, born in Chard, England, who emigrated to Taunton, Mass., in 1637, 
and is son of Zebulon and Esther (Millett) Deane. Mr Deane married, first, 
Elvira Pratt. Children: Rose E., Henrie IL, Abbie E. Mr Deane married, 
second, Victoria H. Turner, April 8, 1859. Children : S. Homer, Stillman H., 
Phillips H., Percy H. Cyrus Deane, of Taunton, Mass., settled in Greene 
early, and his brother Zebulon, born in Taunton, Mass., June 12, 1773, came 
about 1793, and finally settled on a farm in West Leeds, where he passed his 
life. This farm is owned and occupied by his descendants. The farm adjoining 
it on the south is owned by Truman Deane ; the next farm south, containing 



574 History of Androscoggin County. 



100 acres, is the property of Stephen R. Deane, who, with two of his sons, 
conduct it. They keep cows, young cattle, usually oxen, horses, sheep, etc. 
An important part of their business is the making of cheese. Mr Deane was 
educated in Maine, and Boston, Mass., and was a school teacher in many towns 
in Maine; in 1844 and 1845 he taught a commercial school in New Bedford, 
Mass.; was clerk and paymaster of the Merrimack Lumber Co., of Lowell, 
Mass., for 12 years; was in trade in Leeds several years ; postmaster of West 
Leeds 15 years; was on the school committee 13 years; when 18 years of age 
he joined the Leeds Rifle Co. Mr Deane favors the Republican party 
politically, and religiously believes that "upon that one word, Love, hang all 
the Law and all the Commandments." 

Thomas C. Foss, a merchant at North Leeds, was born in Leeds, March 18, 
1829. He is a son of the late Rev. Walter Foss, who for 50 years was a well- 
known Baptist preacher. His grandfather was Uriah Foss, one of the earl}^ 
settlers in Leeds, prominent in town affairs, and selectman for several years- 
Mr Foss's mother was Dorcas, daughter of John Morrison, of Wayne. She 
was the honored and loved mother of seven sons and eight daughters. Both 
parents lived the allotted "threescore and ten years," ending lives of marked 
usefulness. Mr Foss married, first, Elizabeth L., daughter of Ebenezer Cobb, 
of Leeds; second, Abbie J., daughter of George T. Cox, of Farmingdale. By 
tlie first wife six children were born : V. Richard, of Portland, has served two 
years in the city council of that city, the last year being president of the lower 
board, and is now holding other important official positions; Belle P. and 
Grace J)., of Portland; Kate M.: Thomas C'., Jr, of Leeds; and Preston W. 
(dec). Mr Foss has always lived in Leeds, and has been engaged in mercantile 
pursuits for over forty years, being particularly connected with the wool trade 
in his section. He has held the position of postmaster at North Leeds. He 
has always been a Republican. 

Wallace L. Francis, born at Leeds, May 12, 1850, is the son of Davis and 
Rosamond Francis, of Leeds. He is a descendant of Rev. Thomas Davis 
Francis, who was born in Hay, Breconshire county, South Wales, November 
23, 1764, and came to America in 1778. He came to Leeds with the Stinch- 
fields to give instruction to their children, and was the first teacher in the 
town, and was so pleased that he remained here, married Eunice, daughter of 
Thomas Millett, and permanently located in 1784. He became a noted 
theologian and local statesman and exerted a salutary and powerful effect in 
moulding the institutions and giving character to the town. He was the first 
representative (in 1804) to the General Court and was for a time in the State 
Senate and stood the peer of the ablest in that body, and his memory is 
revered in the town. In 1804 he was ordained pastor of the First Baptist 
church, which relation he sustained until his death. May 9, 1836. Wallace L. 
Francis married, in 1879, Miss Georgia A. Francis, of Concord, N. H. They 



Town of Leeds. 575 



have two daughters, Gard R. and Ghidys H. He is a merchant and postmaster 
at Leeds. He is a Democrat in politics, and a Free Mason and an Odd Fellow. 

Albert Barker, son of David and Priscilla Barker, was a native of Lewiston. 
His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of that town, his great-grand- 
father having located at Barker's Mills, now Barkerville. Mr Barker served 
in the army from September 10, 1862, to March 2, 1863, and is a member of 
the G. A. R., and has attained the rank of adjutant in the order. He is a 
member of the I. O. G. T., and has been Chief Templar in Stony Brook Lodge, 
of North Leeds. He is an enterprising farmer and builder, a Republican in 
politics, a Universalist in religion, and performs his duties of justice of the 
peace, faithfully and promptly. 

Charles A. Lovejoi/, son of Jonathan and Ruth (Benjamin) Lovejoy, of 
Livermore, was born in that town. He married Clara E. Greenwood, of Leeds. 
They have had two children, Arthur N. J., who is now employed in the E. C. 
Allen publishing house at Augusta, and Minnie A., who died in 1879. He 
moved to Leeds, and in June, 1879, commenced farming on the farm where he 
now carries on a prosperous business, making a specialty of raising fine cattle, 
mostly Durham. Li religious preferences he is a Universalist, in politics a 
Democrat, and was chairman of the board of selectmen of Leeds from 1884 
to 1889. 

Hev. Samuel BootklH/ was born in Leeds, April 17, 1808, and died July 9, 
1884, in Lewiston. Li 1830 he was baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist 
church at Wayne, and in 1840 was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at 
Turner Bridge, and after four years became pastor of the church at Wayne for 
five years. He labored for a 3^ear in Aroostook county in the employ of the 
Maine Baptist Missionary Convention. He then entered the service of the 
American and Foreign Bible Society and gave earnest labors in that field till 
1883. In his last years he was engaged as a missionar}^ in Lewiston. He was 
an energetic and a thoroughly Christian worker, whose labors met substantial 
results. He married, in 1831, Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Lead- 
better. Their sons were Stephen and Roswell C. Lieut- Colonel Stejyhen Bootlihy 
was born in Leeds in 1833, was graduated from Waterville College, and studied 
law at Bangor, where he was admitted to practice. He opened a law office in 
Portland with Hon. Mark H. Dunnell. In 1861 he enlisted in the First Me 
Cav., was ultimately promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and died June 6, 1864, at 
Point Lookout, from wounds received at Beaver Dam Station. 



576 History of Androscoggin County. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

HON. LEAVITT LOTHKOP. 

HON. LEAVITT LOTHROP,^ son of George and Polly (Thayer) 
Lothrop,' was born in Vassalborough, May 10, 1793. In 1816 he 
married Betsey, daughter of Elias and Mary (Lawrence) Lane. He 
settled in Leeds, and in 1826 moved to the farm now occupied by D. F. 
Lothrop, where he resided until his death, April 17, 1849. Mrs Lothrop 
died January 12, 1878, in Auburn. Mr Lothrop was an energetic man of 
business, and in all the various activities of the community worked diligently 
and well. He was nominally a farmer, and carried on agriculture extensively 
and profitably, owning at the time of his death 800 acres of land in Leeds, 
200 acres in Canton, 100 acres in Greene, and 50 acres in Hallowell. He 
took keen interest in all enterprises that promised to do well for the 
people, and his personal services were freely given to their development and 
improvement. He was active in procuring subscriptions to the stock of the 
Androscoggin & Kennebec Railroad, and subscribed to the extent of his 
means. He assisted in procuring the charter of the Leeds & Farmington Rail- 
road, subscribing $1,000 to its stock. He lived to see the Androscoggin & 
Kennebec road built, cars running to Auburn, and the road partly graded 
to Waterville. In civil and political life his good common sense, sound judg- 
ment, and honesty of purpose rendered his presence in public positions most 
valuable to his constituents and the community, but although often called to 
office he did not seek it or need its emoluments. He was often chosen select- 
man, agent, and to other responsible offices in town, represented Leeds in the 
legislature, and was state senator in 18-16 and 1847. He was appointed county 
commissioner of Kennebec county in 1841, and held that position three years. 
He was prominent in the state militia, serving in its successive grades to that 
of colonel, by which title he was generally known. In this service he was 
engaged for a short time on the lower Kennebec in the military operations of 
the War of 1812. In these and numerous other places of responsibility, such 
was his wise sagacity, pleasing urbanity, and thoughtful consideration that his 
associates in councils and labors became lasting friends. A working man 
through life, he was a liberal and true friend of the laboring man, who always 
received honest consideration at his hands. Generous and social, his house 
was an abode of hospitality and friendship, while his life was dominated by 
integrity and uprightness. He was a Baptist in religion, and liberal in sus- 
taining Christian institutions. In the home circle he was kind and affectionate. 

iSee page 571. 




•<S ^^yiJ~-ty^f ~=^ /^/^f-?, 







^^fuL^ 




Town of Leeds. 577 



The children of Hon. Leavitt and Elizabeth (Lane) Lothrop were : Ulias, 
married Jane Morse of Lisbon, went to California in 1849, and died in 1853; 
Davis Francis, who was born in Leeds, September 11, 1820, and educated at 
the town schools and Monmouth Academy. He inherited many of the char- 
acteristics of his father, has held with ability, and to the satisfaction of his 
constituents, the offices of selectman and representative, and from 1870 to 1876 
was county commissioner. His first political faith was that of the Whigs, with 
whom he affiliated until that part}^ ceased to exist. He has since been a 
Republican. In 1849 he sailed to California from Boston in the ship Capitol, 
arriving at San Francisco July 6, so he is one of that historic band (day by day 
growing smaller, but more and more venerated), " The Old Forty-niners." 
The story of his life in California sounds like a romance. He was there nearly 
three years, and was financially successful. Since his return he has occupied 
the old homestead and been an agriculturist. He is a member of the Baptist 
church, a liberal supporter of all enterprises tending to the betterment of the 
community, and a highly respected citizen. He married, in 1846, Caroline S., 
daughter of Jonathan and Jane (Libby) Morse, of Lisbon. Their children 
are Flora (Mrs Frank Higgins); Elias and Irving S., who reside in Louisiana, 
where they own adjoining plantations on the Mississippi, 24 miles below New 
Orleans. Elias married Lucile Piazia, daughter of the Swiss consul at New 
Orleans at the time of the Civil War; Olive M. married John Turner, M.D., 
lives in Bangor ; and Ralph ; Caroline L. married Augustus Foss. She resides 
in California and has seven children, five living in California (one of whom, 
Warren L., graduated from Bowdoin in 1891), and two in Manchester, N. H.; 
Col Warren L. Lotliro'p enlisted in the U. S. army in 1845 and was stationed at 
West Point. On the breaking out of the Mexican War his company was 
ordered to Mexico and joined General Scott at Vera Cruz. Col Lothrop was 
in every battle fought from Vera Cruz to the capture of the City of Mexico, at 
the close of the war received a lieutenant's commission in the Fourth Artillery 
for " meritorious conduct," and was stationed at Forts Kearney and Randall 
on the western frontier. In April, 1861, he was at St Louis and was commis- 
sioned major of the First Missouri Light Artillery under Col Frank Blair, who 
was chosen to Congress, and Major Lothrop promoted to colonel. At the close 
of the war he was made chief quartermaster of the Department of the Gulf 
with headquarters at Tallahassee, Fla, where he died in 1866 ; Mary Jane 
married Charles Lane who died in 1858. She resides at Pendleton, Oregon, 
where her daughter Neva is a teacher. 

GIDDINGS LANE. 

Giddinrjs La^ie, grandson of Daniel Lane, the pioneer, and son of Deacon 
Giddings and Jemima (Norris) Lane,' was born in Leeds, August 16, 1802, and 



1 See page 570, 



578 History of Androscoggin County. 



died November 15, 1879. His early life was passed in acquiring a common 
school and academic education, assisting in farm labors summers, and teaching 
on the sea-coast winters. He soon developed rare business qualities, and in 
1833 made a profitable tour through the South, introducing the agricultural 
novelty, Pitt's horse-power and separator. Energetic, persevering, and possessed 
of a magnetism that attracted people and won friends, his business life was a 
uniform success. Marrying, January 1, 1834, Cassandra, daughter of Dr Cyrus 
and Lydia (Wood) Benson, of Bridgewater, Mass., an estimable lady and a 
descendant of two notable families of Plymouth county, he made his home in 
his native town and was ever after one of the most prominent factors of 
the business, social, and religious life of the town. (Their children attaining 
maturity were Cyrus B. and Gustavus W. Cyrua B. was for many years a 
merchant of North Monmouth, and is now a farmer on the homestead farm, and 
selectman. He married Lydia A., daughter of Solomon L. and Hannah 
(Turner) Lothrop. They have one daughter, Cassie B. (Mrs C. C. Farmer). 
Gustavus W. is a manufacturer and merchant. He married, first, Helen M. 
Snow; second, Susan E., daughter of Willard and Emeline L. (Boothby) 
Lothrop. Mr Lane's politics are of the Jeffersonian type ; in religion he is a 
Universalist. He has served the town as clerk, treasurer, and school super- 
visor, is treasurer of Leeds Dairying Association, and a member of Monmouth 
Lodge, F. & A. M., and is one of Leeds's most enterprising citizens.) 

From 1843 to 1850 Mr Lane was town treasurer, and captain of militia and 
with his company served in the Aroostook War. He was one of the originators 
and prime movers in organizing the Androscoggin Railroad Company in 1850, 
and as director of the road for thirteen years infused his energy into its 
construction and operations. He was elected representative in 1854 and was 
active in bringing about the organization of Androscoggin county, hi 1862 
he organized a gold-mining company with Maine and Massachusetts capital, 
and in 1863 crossed the western plains with a train of ox and mule teams 
loaded with quartz-crushing and other machiner3^ He located his plant fifty 
miles west of Denver, and for five years gave his personal superintendence to 
the operations of the company, bringing success. In 1869 he built a portion 
of the Knox & Lincoln railroad. He was a man of rapid thought, quick 
decision, unbounded enterprise, and had a rare quality of bringing his labors 
to successful completion. In everything tending to the growth and prosperity 
of his section, and the improvement and uplifting of the people among whom 
his lot was cast, his time, labor, and money were freely given. The culmination 
of his business life was the erection of the beautiful house of worship of the 
Universalists at Leeds Center, which was completed and dedicated in 1872, 
the result in a great measure of his untiring energy and peristent efforts, which 
were only stimulated to new exertions by opposition. In the varied relations 
of business life, in the church, in neighborhood and family circles, he was the 




n 





Town of Leeds. 579 



same genial nature, the center of life and activity, the wise counselor, the 
loved husband and parent. For half a century he was a leading spirit of his 
native town, and never did envy or malice whisper aught against his integrity, 
while the poor and unfortunate ever found him a kind friend and sympathetic 
adviser. It is said of him that he had not an enemy in the world. His pastor. 
Rev. Otis H. Johnson, said: "Brother Lane was one of the most distinguished 
citizens of Leeds. For many years he was untiring in his exertions in every 
public enterprise within his reach which had for its object the welfare of his 
fellow-men. As a Christian he was a firm and decided Universalist, always 
outspoken and faithful in his duties to the cause he deemed of unparalleled 
excellence in the moral elevation of the world. His pleasant greetings and 
hopeful suggestions will long be remembered." Mr Lane belonged to that 
class of New Englanders who are benefactors of the community in which they 
live, add to the material prosperity of their respective localities, and leave 
behind them tangible results of their life's work. 

ISAAC BOOTHBY. 

Isaac BootJihy^ Sen., one of the early settlers of Leeds, came from Saco. In 
the olden days the best progressive factors in the settlement of a town were 
the strong arms, willing hands, and brave hearts of the bold pioneers. Mr 
Boothby soon accomplished the work of clearing the place on which he located, 
north of Leeds Center, near Boothby hill, which bears his name, and bringing 
his farm into a good state of cultivation. (This farm is now owned by his 
grandson, Thomas H. Boothby.) He married Hannah Foss. Their children 
were Cyrus, Isaac, Walter, Betsey, Hannah. After some years Mr Boothby 
engaged in the cattle business, and took many a drove to Brighton market. 
He was a vigorous man of strong physique, positive, yet of a jovial tempera- 
ment. Although his advantages for education had been limited, his mind was 
very active, and there was not an example in Kenney's arithmetic that he could 
not perform mentally quicker than most men could do with pencil and paper. 
He was successful in his enterprises, and died when little more than 60 years 
of age, a good type of the energetic men of that period. 

Isaac Boothbi/, Jr, born November 20, 1809, passed his life on the homestead 
farm, which he inherited, and succeeded to his father's cattle business, which 
he conducted for several years. He was also a prosperous farmer, acquired 
wealth, and at the time of his death, December 12, 1887, he had 250 acres in 
his farm, and owned about as many more acres in the town, principally timber 
land. Mr Boothby married, first, Jane Graves, of Wayne ; they had 13 
children ; second, Mary Jennings, by whom he had three children. Mr Boothby 
was a Whig and Republican in his politics, never an office seeker, but always 
took an intelligent interest in the public movements of the town, and served 
as selectman in the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1817, 1848, 1849, 1853, 1854, 1858. 



580 History of Androscoggin County. 

He was one of the original stockholders in the Androscoggin railroad. 
Universalist in his religious affiliations, he took an active part in the society. 
His health was never robust, but his close attention to business, industrious 
and thrifty habits, combined with honesty and integrity, brought him satis- 
factory results. In person he was of medium height, dark complexion, weighing 
at the most but 135 pounds. He was of a positive temperament, of quick 
decisions, but careful, shrewd, and conservative, and often said that if he 
followed his first impressions he would always come out right. Although he 
enjoyed society, he yet preferred his home, with his favorite newspapers, the 
Ne^v York Tribune and Lewiston Journal, which he carefully read and digested, 
and his original ideas, intelligently expressed, made him an interesting 
conversationalist. As a business man successful, as a citizen respected, and as 
one who furthered the progress and prosperity of the town by his labors, Mr 
Boothby stands among the representative men of the past generation. 

Thomas Henry Boothhi/, son of Isaac and Jane (Graves) Boothby, was born 
April 24, 1845. He was educated at district schools and at Monmouth 
Academy. He married, December 28, 1867, Sarah, daughter of Tillotson and 
Mary (Hart) Libby, a descendant of Eben Libby, an early settler. Their 
surviving children are Lizzie L. and Horatio K. Mrs Boothby died October 
28, 1888. Mr Boothby is a farmer and resides on the Eben Libby farm. He 
is a member and treasurer of Leeds Grange, a Republican in politics, in 
religion a Baptist, and a good and respected citizen. 

Walter Boothby, an older brother of Thomas H., was sergeant in Co. K, 
Third Maine, in the Civil War, and was killed at Fredericksburg, December 
13, 1862. 

FRANCIS D. MILLETT. 

The Milletts belong to the early families in America. Thomas, the 
emigrant, son of Henry, came with his wife, Mary Greenoway, and son, 
Thomas, in 1635, and settled in Dorchester, Mass. In 1655 he was a resident 
of Gloucester and performed ministerial service for the first church. He 
subsequently removed to Brookfield, and, with his daughter and three grand- 
children, was killed by the Indians in 1676. Elder Thomas Millett was an 
Englishman of good family ; his great-grandfather, John Myllet, was a 
gentleman of Redwood, in Hereford county, and his grandfather and father 
were lawyers. Thomas, Jr, had two sons attaining maturity, Thomas and 
John. John resided on the homestead in Gloucester, married Eunice Babson, 
and died in 1745. Their sons were David, who settled in New Gloucester, 
Me, about 1750 (his father being one of the proprietors of the town), John, 
and Thomas. David's sons, David, Jr, John, Thomas, and Solomon, located 
in Poland, Minot, and Turner. Thomas, son of John and Eunice (Babson) 




O/ 



Town of Leeds. 581 



Millett, was a soldier in the Revolution, was taken prisoner and detained 
several years in the West Indies. He came to Leeds in 1782, and was one of 
the earliest settlers in Little's Gore, where he resided until his death. He 
cleared and lived on the place now occupied by his great-grandsons, Charles 
and Herbert. His children were Eunice, who married Rev. Thomas D. Francis, 
Thomas, Zebulon P., John, Benjamin, and Betsey. They all settled in Leeds ; 
Benjamin remained on the home farm. 

Zi'hidon P. 3IiUeff was born in Gloucester, Mass., October 19, 1774. He 
married Deliverance Rich, a native of Sandwich, Mass. He, with his brothers, 
Thomas and John, settled in Leeds, on a lot of 200 acres, and became farmers. 
Zebulon was in the War of 1812. His wife died in August, 1854, aged 75 
years. He died October 1, 1856. He was a Federalist and Whig in his 
politics, and both he and his wife were members of the First Baptist church, 
and brought up their children " in the fear and admonition of the Lord." 
Their children attaining maturity were Solomon, who lived in the north part 
of the town, later removed to East Bridgewater, Mass., where he died at the 
age of 84; Parsons; Thomas; Lydia; Obediah ; Isabel; Aaron; Francis D.; 
Asa, who became a physician, located in Massachusetts, and is now residing 
in East Bridgewater. His son, Frank D. Millet, named from his uncle, has 
acquired more than national fame as an artist; Polly; Lydia; Adelia (Mrs 
Nathan Timberlake) resides in Livermore. 

Francis D. Millett was born in Leeds, October 1, 1811, and has been a life- 
long resident on the farm taken up by his father over a century ago. He was 
educated at the common schools, and also in the broader and higher schools of 
labor and experience. He succeeded to the homestead and has devoted himself 
to its cultivation and improvement. A few years since he erected a convenient 
and comfortable house nearly opposite the home of his childhood; this house 
is said to be the best built dwelling in the town. Mr Millett married first, 
December, 1835, Elethea, daughter of Benjamin True. She died in June, 1841. 
He married second, in 1852, Lucina, daughter of Otis Phillips, of Auburn. 
Their daughter, Ella T., married Lot Howard, and has one son, Francis 
Davis Millett Howard. Mr Millett has always been a farmer, but a farmer's 
life does not necessarily exclude time for thought and reading, and now at the 
age of fourscore years he is hale, robust, and his mind is clear and his memorj^ 
remarkably retentive. He has been a member of the Freewill Baptist church 
for 27 years, deacon for more than a quarter of a century, and has contributed 
liberally to various educational interests and to the churches of the town. He 
is a Republican, and has served as selectman. He has borne his part in pro- 
moting morality, religion, and education, and to advance the sway of law and 
the prevalence of order. He is unassuming, genial, and kind in his manners, 
and has the esteem and respect of his fellow-townsmen. 



582 History of Androscoggin County. 



THE ADDITON family. 

From Plymouth, Duxbury, and other towns of the Old Colony of Massa- 
chusetts the descendants of the early Pilgrims have gone in various directions, 
carrying with them that unflinching adherence to duty, that regard for law and 
order, and that faithful attention to imposed trusts which were so strong 
elements in the Pilgrim character, and where they settled they and their 
descendants have been most useful citizens and formative influences in pro- 
ducing our best civilization. Among the early families of Duxbury, Mass., 
was that of Arddaton (now Additon), which probably came from England 
prior to 1640. All through the residence in Duxbury the original spelling of 
the name continued, as Thomas of the Revolution (father of the Thomas born 
March 2, 1763, who became an early settler of Leeds) used this orthography. 
Thomas Additon, the pioneer of the Leeds family, with his wife Bethiah, born 
March 17, 1764, made their home on Quaker Ridge between 1785 and 1790, 
and on this place, long since forsaken, they reared 9 children : Ruby (named 
from a Duxbury aunt), born in 1786; John, 1788; Otis, 1790; Joseph, 1792; 
Thomas, 1794; Phebe, 1796 ; David, 1799; Chloe, 1802; Huldah, 1804. 

Thomas Additon, Jr, born June 7, 1794, married Anna, daughter of Isaiah 
Reals. Their children were Isaiah B.; Lovisa (Mrs Dr S. A. Allen); Amanda 
(Mrs Seth Howard); Thomas J.; Loren J.; Everett; Eliza A. (Mrs J. F. 
Jennings). Mr Additon was a farmer, a quiet, unostentatious man of strict 
probity, valued for his good qualities. He died February 4, 1869, and his wife 
April 30, 1871, on the place now owned by Thomas J. Additon. 

Isaiah Beals Additon, son of Thomas and Anna (Beals) Additon, was born 
November 10, 1823. He was educated in town, taught 26 terms of district 
school, and won a deserved reputation. He is a farmer on the place settled 
by his grandfather Beals, purchased by his father in 1827. He owns 125 acres 
of land, and makes a specialty of cheese-making. He married. May 5, 1852, 
Eliza A., daughter of Perez S. and Joanna (Lane) Jennings. Children: 
Flora L. (died February 25, 1862, aged 9 years) ; Juliette J. (died February 
15, 1862, aged 7 years; Orville I.; Lorette (died March 10, 1862, aged 7 
months) ; and Fred L. Orville I., born August 31, 1853, graduated at 
Westbrook Seminary, in 1880 went to Illinois, and is principal of the high 
school at Cordova. He m. Lucy A. Benner. Children: Forrest O. and Hen- 
rietta S. Fred L., born January 28, 1864, m. Lenora I., daughter of Francis 
E. and I-Cleanor (Pettengill) Howe. Children: Orville I. and Ernest F. He 
conducts the home farm with his father; is a Democrat and a Universalist. 

Isaiah B. Additon has always been a Democrat, of the minority party in 
politics, and yet he has been selectman 18 years, and in 1859, 1860, 1870, 1871, 
1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1883 was 
chairman of the board. He has an extended acquaintance in the county and 




Mt-^'" 




^y 




^/^-^y$^^?^z>^ 



Town of Leeds. 583 



has been the nominee of his party for representative, in one campaign coming 
close to an election in a strong Republican district. He has been several times 
candidate for county commissioner, receiving flattering votes. He was U. S. 
census agent for Greene and Leeds in 1860, has often been selected for 
important trusts, and has performed delicate offices with acknowledged ability. 
He is firm and decided in his opinions, cautious and conservative in thought, 
tenacious in his convictions, and frank, sincere, and honest in declaring them. 
He has always been a Universalist and a liberal supporter of the cause. 
Genial, hospitable, and kind-hearted, he has many friends, among his warmest 
ones those of opposing politics. Mr Additon has been a most useful citizen. 
A firm and conscientious official, he has always opposed anything like extrava- 
gance in the administration of town affairs, and by a long and faithful service 
has acquired the esteem and confidence of his townsmen. 

Thomas Jefferson Additon^ brother of Isaiah B., was born August 20, 1832. 
He has alwaj^s been a farmer and occupies the homestead of his father, con- 
sisting now of 85 acres of well-tilled land. He married Rozilla Smart, born in 
Parkman. Their children are Luetta M. (Mrs W. H. Thomas), Chester J., 
Elwin E., Anna S. (Mrs Truman M. Shaw). Elwin E. Additon, great-great- 
grandson of Thomas, of Duxbury, and great-grandson of Thomas, the pioneer 
of Leeds, was born August 24, 1864, on the farm where his grandfather lived 
and died. At the age of 17 he commenced teaching winter schools, and when 
22 he was elected a member of the superintending school committee, and the 
next year supervisor of schools, which office he held two years. He is a Patron 
of Husbandry, and, with his father, cultivates their fine farm, and devotes 
special attention to dairying. He married Mary A. Thomas. 

The Additons have been for several generations successful "tillers of the 
soil," and good representatives of New England's intelligent farmers. 



684 History of Androscoggin County. 



EAST LIVERMORE. 

By Ctkus Knapp, Esq. 



CHAPTER XXXHI. 

Incorporation — Topography — Livermore Falls — Early Mills — Freshet — Early Busi- 
ness Places and Residences — Advent of the Railroad — Hotels and Stores — Dr Millett 
and Lawyer Knapp — Toll Bridge — Railroad Extension — Mills and Manufacturing — 
Churches — I. 0. G. T. — Camp-Ground — Physicians — Lawyers — Civil List — Personal 
Sketches. 



K 



'' ^ LL that part of the town of Livermore in the county of Oxford on the 
east side of tlie Androscoggin river " was set off March 20, 1843, and 
incorporated into the town of East Livermore and classed in the 
county of Kennebec. The set-off was made on account of the inconvenience 
of holding town meetings and doing town business across an unbridged river 
at all seasons of the year. As town meetings were held on the west side of 
the river at Livermore Center, many a time in March the annual meeting could 
not be properly attended from the eastern side by reason of floating ice, and 
the inhabitants of the western portion would have everything their own way. 
The eastern part of the town bitterly and for a long time complained of this 
inconvenience, and asked for a bridge, but as they could never obtain a vote 
for this, they went to the legislature, and at length succeeded in a division of 
the town, leaving the bridge question to future developments. By a resolve 
of the legislature of 1844, chapter 284, the number of polls set to the valua- 
tion of East Livermore was 135, and the estates were valued at -$129,454. 

The length of the town is about nine miles, and the average breadth about 
three miles. It is bounded on the north by Jay, on the east by Fayette, on 
the south by Wayne and Leeds, and on the west by Livermore. In the 
extreme northeast corner is Moose hill, so named because Deacon Elijah 
Livermore shot a moose near the top more than 100 years ago. Moose hill 
rises from 400 to 500 feet above the plains. From its summit a very fine view 
is had. Mt Blue, Mt Abram, Mt Saddleback, and many other mountains are 
seen in the north, while in the west the Oxford Hills and the White 
Mountains loom up, and in the south (through a glass) the ocean can be 
viewed. No less than 16 ponds are in sight, and many villages. There has 
been talk of erecting a summer hotel on this summit. East of its highest point 
is a large mineral spring ; at its southern base lies Moose hill pond, as pure a 
body of water as could be desired, fed by springs, and having a small outlet, 
called Redwater brook, the best trout stream for miles around. Three counties, 



Town of East Livermore. 585 

Kennebec, Franklin, and Androscoggin, and four towns, Fayette, Chesterville, 
Jay, and East Liverniore, corner near the highest elevation of Moose hill. 
Near the center of the town is Jug hill. This name was given by an early 
trader at Fayette Corner, because the inhabitants living about its base usually 
ever}^ Saturday night brought their jugs to him to be filled with rum. East of 
the center of the town (partly in Fayette) is the Methodist camp-ground, 
where, from its easy accessibility by road and rail, many assemblies, other than 
those for religious worship, are wont to meet, such as G. A. K., temperance, 
political, and Sabbath school organizations. The place, besides the buildings 
and cottages on the campground, has two stores, a post-office, and a saw-mill 
on a stream running southwestward from the ponds to the river. There was 
considerable activity at Strickland's Ferry, near the depot, when the railroad 
first came, but a fire not long since left only one store and one dwelling. This 
place is the southern limit of the town ; the line is but a short distance from 
the depot. From here northwest to Hillman's Ferry was called Tolla- Walla in 
former times before the division of the towns. " It was the Indian name of 
the Hunton Rips," says a writer, "and means nothing worse or more disrepu- 
table than the honorable name — Livermore." 

Haines's Corner, east of Hillman's Ferry and near the center of the town, 
was "a merry place in days of yore." Here were stores (and shops as well), 
a union meeting-house, where town meetings were held for some time after the 
incorporation of the town; but the stores and shops, as also the meeting-house, 
have gone, leaving but a few dwellings, a school-house, and a church-yard to 
indicate what it has been. North of here, with a few exceptions, are the best 
farming lands, as much of the southern part of the town is flat and sandy. 

Shy Corner, about one mile from the Falls, where was formerly Barton's 
Ferry, was once a place of considerable business. There were two stores, a 
saw-mill, rake factory, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, and some other 
buildings, all of which have disappeared, except half-a-dozen dwelling-houses. 
East of here, just beyond the Sears house, was formerly a Baptist meeting- 
house, but in 1854 it was taken down and moved to the Falls. The place now 
begins to assume considerable activity since the County Agricultural Society 
in 1889 located its grounds here, where it has one of the best trotting-parks 
in the state. On the island in the river at this place, in former times, some 
of the Kennebec Indians would lodge at certain times of the year, for hunting 
and fishing at the mouth of Redwater brook, and when the Roccomeka tribe 
from Canton Point came down they would run, and the Roccomekas called 
them the "Shy Indians." Hence the name. 

Livermore Falls. — About one mile north of Shy is the village of Liver- 
more Falls, sheltered on the north, east, and west by prominent hills. The 
Indian name was Roccomeka Falls. About 1791 mills were erected by Deacon 
Elijah Livermore, but there could not have been much of a settlement 



586 History of Androscoggin County. 



immediately following their erection, for forests were in close proximity in 
1803, as two men — Eliphalet Rovvell, grandfather of Major Rowell of Hallowell, 
and Jonas Walton — were killed that year while at a "falling-bee," a few rods 
below the depot, on the O. Lyford place, and in 1813 there were only three 
dwelling-houses — those of Samuel Richardson, Thomas Davis, and Joseph 
Morrill. Nothing of note occurred for 35 years, during which a small village 
was developed. 

March, 1846, there was a freak of the river never known before or since. 
The water backed up over the falls, then swirled to the eastern shore and 
swept off nearly everything in its way. The grist-and-saw-mill of Capt. E. 
Treat, stores of C. Pettingill, A. Kimball, and C. Wads worth, the carding mill 
of William Haskell, scythe factory of J. V. Walton, and the dwelling-house of 
Benjamin Paine were swept from their foundations, and some of them (almost 
bodily) carried a quarter of a mile and lodged against the elms that skirt the 
brook below the O. Lyford place. E. Pettingill's store and the Moody house, 
though somewhat damaged, were the only buildings left in the wake of this 
unnatural current. A sudden freshet breaking up the river above had brought 
down a huge volume of water, with ice, logs, broken bridges, and other imped- 
imenta^ and when this huge drift went over the falls the unbroken ice below 
held it in check, but at length, giving away with a loud report, the water 
sought its natural channel, leaving the ice and drift piled promiscuously on the 
road and flats half waj' or more from the foot of Mill hill to Barton's Ferry. 
It took a great deal of labor to make the river road passable, as the ice and 
drift in places were piled 40 feet high. Some of the ice did not disappear until 
the middle of the next July. As soon after this as Captain Treat could con- 
struct a saw-mill and prepare the lumber he rebuilt the grist-mill, and either 
the following summer or the next, all the buildings reappeared except the 
scythe factory and Paine's house. Mr Paine did not dare rebuild on the old 
spot, as he and his family barely escaped in the flood. He had retired the 
night before apprehending no danger, but when he arose in the morning the 
water was so high that his family made their escape by clinging to a fence until 
one of his neighbors arrived with a boat. He rebuilt his house and shop up 
the hill next to the Baptist church. 

At this time (1846) the business part of the place was below Mill hill, and 
comprised four stores, a grist and saw mill, a carding mill, a scythe factory, 
and two or three shops. On the west side of Main street, north from the mills, 
the first structure was the Macomber house, where Ham's store is now. The 
house has been moved back and is the residence of Mrs John W. Eaton. The 
next house was the Pray house near the railroad, now occupied by R. C. 
Boothby. There was a small house where J. Pettingill lives. The next was 
the hotel kept by William French, where the Basfords live. Further north 
the barn and corn-house of S. Richardson completed the buildings on that side 



Town of East Livermore. 587 

of the street. On the east side of the street, after passing the Richardson 
house south, was the Captain Cutler house (moved across the road in the fall 
of 1890 by G. R. Currier). Up Church street, on top of the hill, was the 
house and shoe shop of C. Wadsworth, and a little beyond, a school-house. 
On the other side of Church street was the house of O. Pettingill, where now 
stands the Baptist parsonage. On the corner of Main and Union streets was 
the D. S. Walton house, now owned by C. Pettingill, and in a lane (now Union 
street) stood as now the house of S. B. Walton. Next on Main street, below 
Pettingill's, was the A. Kimball house, where Cyrus Knapp now resides. The 
next south was the John Walker house, the southern part of the Bean hotel. 
Below this on the Treat corner there had been a hotel, but it was burned prior 
to this and the lot was vacant. On the north side of the lane (now part of 
Depot street) was the dwelling of L. Chandler, moved back in the fall of 1890 
to make way for the Odd Fellows Block, The next building was the Walker 
house, where Mrs Robinson now resides. The next was the Dr Hale house. 
Next was the house and cooper shop of John Hunt at the extreme end of the 
lane and close to the gully. On the south side of this lane Walker had a shop. 
From there to Main street was cultivated land. Down the hill on the east side 
of Main street first was the Waterman house, long since torn down. The next 
was the Cooper house, now standing. One more below this, the Mayo house, 
still standing ; and we have all there was of Livermore Falls in March, 1846, 
when the river, as Captain Treat used to say, " run up the Mill hill " and 
washed away its business portion. 

The place remained in this condition (excepting the erection of Treat's 
house on the corner of Depot street and the Paine house aforementioned) until 
awakened by the scream of the steam whistle in 1852, at the completion of the 
Androscoggin Railroad from Leeds Junction. The pioneers of this road here 
were Captain Treat, E. Pettingill, and John Smith. At first it was in doubt 
whether it should come further than Shy so as to go up the Chesterville valley 
when extended, but Captain Treat said it must come here; he took the last 
section to build himself, and it came. From this time the place was very 
active. George D. Lothrop purchased the Walker house and enlarged it for a 
hotel. The French hotel had been owned and run by O. Luce, but as Mr Luce 
became freight' master it was rented to R. Graffam. The influx of population 
as soon as buildings could be erected for its accommodation, was considerable. 
The stores of C. Pettingill, A. Kimball, and others were moved up the hill to 
the west side of Main street. W. Hunton, from Wayne, an active business 
man and formerly a county commissioner of Kennebec county, erected a store 
on Depot street and went into trade. S. Read, from North Livermore, moved 
over and opened a store next to Hunton. Dr A. R. Millett from Minot, and 
C. Knapp from Monmouth, young, unmarried men right from school, followed 
the railroad and opened offices. They boarded at Lothrop's hotel, and soon 



588 History of Androscoggin County. 



became fast friends. The Doctor was a Democrat, " dyed in the wool," while 
Knapp, a Whig as long as the party lasted, became a Republican upon its 
dissolution. They soon became leaders in their respective parties, and many a 
set-to they had upon the political issues preceding the late war. Their last 
joint discussion was in the Fremont campaign in 1856. It was arranged by 
their political friends. Rev. O. H. Johnson and Col Merritt acting for Dr Millet, 
and Rev. Mr Pendleton and Rev. Mr Garland for Knapp, Knapp to speak first 
for one hour, the Doctor to answer in one and a half hours, and Knapp to close 
in half an hour. At the time appointed the hall was full to overflowing and a 
vast crowd filled the door-yard and blocked the entrance. Knapp spoke 
his hour, Millett his hour and a half, and Knapp had got about half through 
with his reply when Dr Hale was taken with a fit and had to be removed 
through the window. Knapp said, after quiet was restored, that "he knew he 
was giving Millett fits, but didn't suppose he was giving any one in the 
audience fits." This remark brought down the house, and he proceeded to 
close without further interruption. The friendship between these men was 
never broken. Dr Millett married a daughter of Captain Treat and Mr Knapp 
a daughter of O. Luce, the hotel keeper. They lived near neighbors, and 
sometimes when the Doctor was sick, the other has been known to mount his 
gig and carry medicine and prescriptions to his patients. Dr Millett died in 
1889, honored and respected. 

In 1858 a toll-bridge was erected across the river above the falls near the 
location of the present bridge, but in March, 1871, it was carried away by an 
ice freshet. In 1872, by the enterprise and capital of Caleb Smith, of Liver- 
more, the present bridge was built and having been run as a toll-bridge till 1887, 
it was made free by the action of the county, the two towns, and individual 
contributors. 

In 1857 the railroad was extended to North Jay, and the place for a while 
seemed to stand still. In 1862 it was somewhat revived upon the erection of 
a milk-condensing-and-cheese-factory by the Roccomeka Company. This busi- 
ness flourished during the war, but upon its close the company ceased operations, 
and in 1877 sold the factory and water-power to Alvin Record, (a son of Thomas 
and Harriet Record, of Greene,) who converted the factory into a leather-board 
mill, as which it is still used. Mr Record is a remarkable man. The first 
dollar he ever earned was in picking beechnuts on Moose hill. He worked at 
his trade of a carpenter until about 1861, then was in the apothecary business 
until 1871, when he began the manufacture of leather-board. Later he built 
pulp mills here and at North Jay, and carries on the business in connection 
with the leather-board manufacture. He also owns the grist and lumber 
mills. He has about #75,000 capital invested in his business here, and about 
$100,000 at Jay. He employs 60 hands here and 50 at Jay. His monthly pay- 
roll here is |1,300, and at Jay, |1,200. He also has an orange grove in Florida, 



Town of East Liveemore. 589 

where he and his wife (Agrandice Lyford Record) pass their winters, leaving 
his business to his sons Edward H. and Judson A., and daughter Helen, who 
has been his book-keeper since he has been in business. 

The Umhagofj Pulp Company was incorporated in 1882 with a capital at first 
of #150,000, subsequently enlarged. The property is on both sides of the 
river. Extensive improvements have since been made ; strong dams and large 
buildings have been erected, and the property is among the most valuable on 
the Androscoggin. Sixty hands are employed, and the monthly pay-roll is 
$2,400. The officers of the company are : president, H. J. Chisholm ; treasurer, 
E. B. Dennison ; superintendent, Charles R. Loring ; clerk, D. J. Bogan. 

The Otis Falls Pulp Company was organized in 1888, with a capital stock 
of $150,000, since increased to over $200,000. The plant is on both sides of 
the river, and in three towns. The mill is a few feet over the line in Jay. 
Otis Falls are half a mile above Livermore Falls, and were once owned and 
occupied for a lumber mill by Oliver Otis. The company employs 75 men, 
with a monthly pay-roll of $2,500. The officers are : president, C. A. Brown ; 
treasurer, H. J. Chisholm ; superintendent, W. C. Bursley. The company is 
erecting a large paper mill. 

One of the industries that gives employment to both sexes, and therefore 
the most useful, is the variety wood-turning business of F. S. Richmond. Mr 
Richmond is a native of Livermore, and has been in the business from his 
youth. He has been, like Mr Record, the architect of his own fortunes. He 
employs 80 hands, with a monthly pay-roll of $1,200, uses both steam and 
water power, does an annual business of $40,000, while his products, as one 
has said, "go to the ends of the earth." The manufacture of clothing by E. 
W. Pressey is a useful industry for the employment of females. Mr Pressey 
has been in business here some 15 years, employs 30 hands, and does an annual 
business of about $10,000. The manufacturing business of John L. Cummings 
commenced at Livermore Center a few years since in a small way, and now 
employing 15 operatives, and doing an annual business of $20,000, has its post- 
office address here. Mr Cummings manufactures trunks, extension cases, and 
plush goods. All the smaller industries are well represented. The population 
of the town is steadily increasing, and its future growth and prosperity is 
assured. The valuation is : real estate, $347,200 ; personal, $103,361 ; polls, 
390 ; liabilities, $4,903.46 ; resources, $3,391.26. 

Merchants. — Since the utilization of the water-power commenced, Liver- 
more Falls has been a considerable trade center. A Mr Mills was in trade 
here as early as 1815. Slowly came others: E. Pettingill, Stone, Waterman, 
Cooper, Cutler, Mayo, Kimball, C. Pettingill, Noyes, Reed, Chandler. Li 1870 
were in trade E. Treat, S. J. Burgess, W. H. Wood, C. Pettingill, J. A. 
Ramsdell, J. W. Eaton, S. Coding, J. W. Dunham, Alvin Record, N. G. 
Cofran, B. B. Drake, M. Larkin, G. O. Foye, C. R. Noyes, M. Sylvester, J. P. 



590 History of Androscoggin County. 



Fogg. In 1890 W. A. Francis and E. N. Berry (since 1871) traded at the 
Mills, H. N. Sawtelle at Strickland's Ferry, S. E. Perkins (since 1880), W. S. 
Treat, C. Pettingill, J. A. Ramsdell, J. G. Ham, David Elliott, Moore & 
Sprague, J. L. Cummings, Cloutchie & Deshain, E. L. Beck, George Chandler, 
W. A. Stuart, A. C. Hutchinson, S. W. Burbank, E. Edgecomb, S. J. Burgess, 
J. F. Jefferds, G. F. Wood, E. S. Goding, E. & H. Sewall, M. E. Whitcomb, 
and others. 

The Baptist Church at Livermore Falls was organized November 20, 1811, 
and was originally the Third Baptist church in Livermore. The original 
members were Rev. Thomas Wyman, Zephaniah Bumpus, Jesse Smith, 
Ebenezer Turner, Ithamar Farrington, Theodore Martin, Levi Pike, Nancy 
Whittemore, Sally Bassett, Mary Lyford, Rachel Farrington, Hannah Pike, 
Irene Smith, Mary Bumpus, Sarah Smith, Polly Turner, Elizabeth Farrington, 
Mary Baker, Jerusha Lyford, Sally Marston, Ebenezer Farrington, John 
Wyman, Daniel Wyman, Cushman Bassett, Jonathan Libby, Ebenezer Whit- 
temore, Betsey Smith. The meetings of the church were held in dwellings 
and school-houses until 1825, when a meeting-house was built at Shy, near the 
present cemetery. In 1854 this house was moved to Livermore Falls, and in 
1871 was torn down to give place to the present brick building. The pastors 
have been: Thomas Wyman, November, 1811, to October, 1817; Elias Nelson, 

1818 to 1820; Adams, 1820 to 1822 ; John Hays. February, 1822 to 1823; 

Adams, from 1823 to March, 1821, from which time until June, 1833, the 

church had no regular pastor; Nathan Mayhew, June, 1833, to September, 
1835; William Wyman, 1836; O. B. Walker, December, 1839, to February, 
1842; D. Hutchinson, 1842 to 1844; Amos Pendleton, May, 1844, to May, 
1846; William Wyman, July, 1846, to May, 1850; Rufus Chase, June, 1850, 
to June, 1853; A. B. Pendleton, May, 1855, to April, 1863; A. Bryant, Novem- 
ber, 1863, to November, 1866; Asa Perkins, March, 1867, to April, 1868 ; E. M. 
Bartlett, March, 1869, to March, 1871 ; J. F. Eveleth, June, 1873, to June, 
1878; E. F. Merriman, July, 1879, to September, 1880; E. S. Small, October, 
1880, to June, 1890. Rev. W. O. Ayer, the present pastor, came in Septem- 
ber, 1890. The present membership of the church is 145, and of the Sunday 
school, 150. R. C. Boothby is Sunday-school superintendent. 

Moose Hill Free Will BajMst Church. — This church was organized in 1828. 
Ithamar Farrington, Joseph Lyford, Levi Pike, Philip Smith, Rachel Farring- 
ton, Mary Lyford, Betsey Pike, and Betsey Smith were the original members. 
The pastors have been John Foster, William Badger, E. G. Eaton, Roger Ela, 
A. Hathaway, C. Campbell, Elder Hutchinson, Elder Jones, J. Edgecomb, S. P. 
Morrill, D. Alden, J. Bartlett, C. E. Tedford, E. N. Berry, H. C. Lowden, W. 
Davis, and W. W. Carver. The church at present numbers 81 members, and 
the Sunday school has 50 scholars. Mrs O. Roys is superintendent. 



Town of East Liveemoee. 591 

Methodist Upiscopal Church. — The first Methodist sermon preached within 
the bounds of Fayette circuit was preached by Jesse Lee at Fayette Corner, 
February 11, 1794. The old Fayette circuit was set off from Readfield charge 
in 1827, and there were Methodist classes formed at this time at Fayette 
Corner, Cyrus Baldwin leader; one on the Ridge, Samuel Tuck leader; Ches- 
terville class, Ezekiel Knowles leader; Jay class, Moses Stone leader; Canton, 
Ezekiel Treat leader; East Livermore, Isaac Billington leader; Livermore 
Falls, William Snow leader. The first quarterly meeting of the charge was 
held September 5. About 1829 or 1830 a union house of worship was erected 
near Haines's Corner, East Livermore, where the Methodists continued to 
worship until 1844, when, through the efforts of Mr Jacob Randall, a meeting- 
house was bought and removed from Fayette Corner to East Livermore and 
dedicated in 1845, in which the Methodists have worshiped up to the present 
time. In 1830 an extensive revival occurred, Henry True preacher in charge. 
The work commenced at Haines's Corner, East Livermore. John Lord, then 
presiding elder of Portland district, aided powerfully in promoting the work. 
On the night preceding the quarterly meeting Isaac Billington, the class leader, 
prayed all night for God's blessing upon the meeting. There were violent 
opposers in the neighboi^hood, who wrote threatening letters to some of the 
young men who had been converted. Early in the morning the converts, led 
by the presiding elder, visited the houses of the men who wrote the threatening 
letters, prayed and sang praises at their doors. The revival spread over the 
circuit, and as the result of this work the pastor baptized and received into the 
church 111 persons. The East Livermore part of the M. E. church was 
composed of 53 members at its formation, and the church on the whole has 
been grandly successful and has been distinguished for the steadfastness and 
fervid piety of its members. The territory which the East Livermore church 
formerly embraced has been reduced by the formation of the church at Liver- 
more Falls, to which about 75 members of the East Livermore church were 
transferred. The church has a membership of 100, and a Sabbath school of 
50 members. Mr N. W. Brown is superintendent. 

The preachers have been: 1827-8, Philip Ayer ; 1828-9, Nathaniel Norris; 
1829-30, Henry True ; 1830-31, Henry True and B. D. Eastman ; 1881-3, Asa 
Heath; 1833-4, Gorham Greely ; 1834-7, Philip Munger ; 1837-8, Huse Dow; 
1838-9, Asa Green, Asa Smith, P. Munger; 1839-40, Joseph Lull; 1840-42, Ira 
T. Thurston; 1842-3, Thomas Smith; 1843-4, Thomas Smith, W. H. Foster; 
1844-6, Benjamin Foster; 1846-7, Josiah Higgins; 1847-9, Daniel Randall; 
1849-51, John Allen; 1851-2, Joseph Gerry ; 1852-4, David Copeland ; 1854-6, 
Isaac Lord; 1856-8, Heman Nickerson; 1858-60, W. H. Foster; 1860-62, 
Alvah Hatch; 1862-4, Phineas Libby; 1864-6, Heman Nickerson; 1866-9, 
Charles Andrews; 1869-72, Daniel Waterhouse ; 1872-5, John P. Cole; 
1^75-8, C. W. Blackman; 1878-9, David Pratt; 1879-81, H. B. Wardwell; 



592 History of Androscoggin County. 

1881-2, Samuel Bailey; 1882-3, Charles Manger; 1883-4, O. S. Pillsbury; 
1884-7, W. H. Foster; 1887-9, Henry Crockett; 1889-91, J. R. Remick. 

Tlie Livermore Falls Methodist Episcopal Church was organized May 15, 
1866, with 86 members, through the instrumentality of Samuel Baldwin, Orrin 
Haskell, Moses Stone, Cyrus Parker, Jonathan Pike, L. H. Daggett, and 
Charles Richardson. Lothrop's (now Bean's) hall was fitted up with pews, 
pulpit, and galler}^ and used as a place of worship until the handsome new 
church building on Church street was ready for occupation, some three years 
later. In 1888 the church erected a parsonage. Pastors — 1866, James 
Armstrong; 1867-1868, Ruel Kimball; 1869, Stephen Allen; 1870-1871, John 
M. Woodbury; 1872, Willard Bartlett ; 1873-1874-1875, W. H. Foster; 
1876, Richard Vivian; 1877, Sylvester Hooper; 1878-1879, Asbury Trafton; 
1880-1881-1882, George L. Burbank; 1883-1884, M. E. King; 1885-1886, 
John L. Hill; 1887-1888, C. E. Bisbee ; 1889-1890, A. E. Parlin. The present 
membership of the church is 163. The Sunday school has 206 scholars. 
E. C. Dow is superintendent. 

Universalism} — For a number of years previous to 1860 services were held 
occasionally in a union church at Haines's Corner, and in the school-house 
and Treat's Hall in Livermore Falls. Among the ministers who officiated 
were George Bates, Thomas Dolloff, Ezekiel Vose, Robert Blacker, George 
Quimby, O. H. Johnson. Under the ministry of the latter the present house 
of worship was erected in 1860. Abram Luce, Grin Luce, Comfort Pettingill, 
Cyrus Morrison, Nathaniel Mayo, and Ezekiel Treat furnished the money. 
Two of this number (Comfort Pettingill and Abram Luce) are now living. 
The building lot was given by Comfort Pettingill and Ezekiel Treat. The 
contract of building was let to Ezekiel Treat. In 1861 there was organized a 
Universalist society, the first organization of Universalism in East Livermore. 
The next pastor after O. H. Johnson was D. T. Stevens. His successor was 
B. H. Davis, under whose administration, in 1881, was organized " The First 
Universalist Parish Church," with these members : Benjamin H. Davis, I. L. 
Alden, A. R. Millett, Dora A. Alden, Charles H. Boothby, H. N. Stone, Com- 
fort Pettingill, M. M. Stone, Charles Pettingill, C. H, Cram, George H. Dascomb, 
V. D. Cram, M. L. Pettingill, Lottie Boothby, F. S. Richmond, S. J. Millett, 
Emma A. Richmond, Abbie Hyde, Celia B. Coolidge, Elisha Coolidge, Nellie 
L. Lisherness, Abbie Haines, Charles R. Lisherness, A. Knapp, Adelbert Alden, 
E. M. Eustis. The idea was to have both a parish and church with but one 
organization. H. C. Munson followed Mr Davis, and he was succeeded by F. 
K. Beem. During the present pastorate the Parish church has been reorganized 
so that there are two organizations, or parish and church. The parish officers 
are: president, Howard Sewall ; secretary. Miss Minnie W. Alden; treasurer, 
Charles Pettingill; examining committee, Mr and Mrs S. E. Perkins and Mrs 

1 By Rev. F. K. Beem. 



Town of East Livermoee. 593 

George Wood. Officers of the church : secretary, F. S. Richmond ; treasurer, 
Charles Pettingill ; deacons, F. S. Richmond and A. Q. Knapp. In connection 
with the church is a Sunday School, Ladies' Circle, and Young People's Society 
of Christian Endeavor. 

Eockomeka Lodge, No. 283, I. 0. a. T., was organized July 17, 1882. The 
charter members were C. R. Loring, David Cargill, G. S. Burbank, J. L. 
Lothrop, Albert Allen, A. O. Wood, Lillian Allen, Katie Ross, G. T. Vining, 
Martha A. Pierce, E. S. Elliott, Mrs C. R. Loring, J. N. Coding, Clara J. 
Basford, A. J. Moore, E. Ridley, Mrs E. E. Dyke, Susie N. Cargill, Carroll 
Cargill, R. C. Boothby, Henry Reynolds, J. L. Morse, James Ridley, Minnie 
Marsh, Mabel Lamb, Vesta Boothby, Emma Lamb, B. A. Knapp, E. C. Basford, 
A. P. Ricker, E. E. Dyke, C. H. Kimball, J. A. Record, A. D. Brown, W. E. 
Morse, Laura A. Coding, Mrs N. Pierce, J. N. Pettingill, Nettie F. Pulsifer, 
S. A Burbank, Sarah S. Hood, Annie L. Cole, Lottie F. Cole, E. S. Small. The 
first officers were: R. C. Boothby, C. T. ; David Cargill, P. C. T.; Rev. E. S. 
Small, Chap.; J. A. PettengiU, V. T.; W. E. Morse, Sec; E. C. Basford, 
Financial Sec; S. A. Burbank, Treas. ; Clara J. Basford, D. M. ; C. H. 
Kimball, I. G.; E. E. Dyke, O. G. The present officers are: W. L. Dow, C. 
T.; W. Holley, P. C. T. ; Minnie Alden, V. T.; J. W. Knapp, Sec; Sybil 
Alden, F. Sec; Gertrude Rand, Treas.; H. Green, M. ; Elra Coding, D. M.; 
Rev. W. H. Foster, Chap.; Isaac Boothby, G.; Frank Warren, Sen.; E. A. 
Keen, Lodge Deputy. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, and has 130 
members. 

Pure (xoJd Lodge, L. 0. Gr. T., No. 26'2, was instituted at East Livermore Mills, 
November 10, 1888, with 16 charter members. Officers as follows: C. W. 
Brown, C. T. ; Nettie A. Berry, V. T. ; M. E. Gould, C. ; W. B. Crane, Sec. ; 
Horace Tobin, Asst Sec; L. P. Gould, F. Sec; George Keith, Treas.; Fred M. 
Berry, M.; Lester Brown, D. M.. Mrs E. N. Berry, G.; E.,N. Berry, L. D. ; 
Alvena Stetson, S. J. T. ; E. N. Berry, P. C. T. There are at present 50 
members in good standing. 

Camp Ground. — Since the year 1850 the Methodists of East Livermore 
and vicinity have held meetings annually in a grove known as the East Liver- 
more Camp Ground. This association of Methodists was incorporated in 1870 
and was called the East Livermore Camp-Meeting Association. At present the 
association owns about twenty acres of land, a large boarding-house, stable, 
and offices. There are many beautiful cottages owned by the society and 
individuals. The auditorium has a seating capacity of about 3,000. The 
grounds are beautiful and well arranged. Present officers : G. R. Fernald, 
president; W. H. Foster, vice-president; A. D. Cole, secretary and treasurer; 
C. W. Brown, N. W. Brown, A. D. Brown, directors. 

Physicians. — Haines'' s Corner. — Dr Charles MiUett was in practice at 
Haines's Corner until about 1848 when he moved to Lewiston, where he died 



594 History of Androscoggin County. 



in 1854. Dr William B. Small, a son of Dr Small, of Jay, was in practice here 
until about 1870. Br William Cary practiced here before the organization of 
the town. Liver more Falls. — Br Snoiv came in 1818. Br William Kelsey was 
in practice here. He died in 1842, aged 34. Br Bavid Hale came from 
Fayette Mills about 1843, and resided here until his death in 1868. He was 
an honored and respected citizen and skilled in his profession. Br A. R. Millett, 
a native of Minot, came in 1853 and was in practice here until near the time of 
his death in 1889. He was an able physician and had a large practice. Br Albert 
Gr. French moved here from Fayette about 1859, remained four years, returned 
to Fayette, where he practiced until he moved to Lewiston, and opened an 
office with Dr liussell. Br Selden F. JVeal, who was for a time preceptor of 
Hebron Academy, and assistant surgeon in the army, located here in 1865, and 
obtained a good practice. He died in 1872, He was succeeded by Frank 
Garcelon, a native of the place, who moved to California about 1877. Br Isaiah 
L. Ahlen came from Turner in 1877. He had been in practice in the West. 
Though feeble in health, he soon entered into a large practice. He died in 

1886, lamented by all. Br J. E. Bradbury, a native of Livermore, came here in 
1884. In 1889 he moved to Stoughton, Mass., where he is now in practice. 
The present physicians are : Br Charles E. Knight, a native of Livermore, son 
of William and Rebecca Knight, who has been for a number of years a member 
of the school committee. Dr Knight was educated for his profession at the 
Maine Medical School, and is a graduate of Waterville Classical Institute and 
received his degree at Bowdoin College. He located in Livermore Falls in 

1887, and was appointed United States pension examining surgeon in 1890. 
Br O, H. Cribbs, also a native of Livermore, has been and is now a member of 
the school committee and town clerk and treasurer. Br Henry Reynolds came 
here from Auburn. 

Lawyers. — The first lawyer we have any record of was William A. Evans, a 
native of Hallo well, and a brother of LT. S. Senator George Evans. Mr Evans was 
here about 1840, but soon moved to Fort Fairfield. Grrove Catlin, from York 
county, was here in 1854, though partially retired from practice, and devoting 
most of his time to his farm at Otis Falls. After C. Knapp came he was often 
his competitor in the trial of suits. ^ Catlin was a man of respectable talents 
and attainments, but of intemperate habits. He moved to New Hampshire 
about 1865, where he died. H. C. WentwortJi, a native of Readfield, came in 
1858. He was a college graduate, and had taught in an academy in Georgia. 
He was a lieutenant in the 16th Me. In 1870 he moved to Auburn, and was 
of the firm of Wentworth & Cornish, Lewiston, and later practiced alone. He 

iThe last time he was engaged in a trial with Knapp was at Livermore Falls before Esquire Hiinton, 
when, dissatistied with some ruling of the court, he seized his hat and started for home, saying as he 
went out of the door, " Blast such a court, to be ruled by that calf-head of a lawyer." Knapp, after 
he left, coolly remarked, " I always knew there was something the matter with me, but never knew 
before that it was a calf's-head.'' 



Town of East Livermore. 595 

was a man of talent, a good debater, and an able public speaker. A. C Otis 
came from Winthrop and opened an office in 1873, but returned in 1875. The 
present lawyers are C. Knapp and H. C. Whittemore. [See Bench and Bar.] 

Civil List. — 1844, 1845 — A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, D. Benjamin, J. Ford, selectmen. 1846 — 
A.Barton, clerk; D. Benjamin, J. Ford, J. Cutler, selectmen. 1847 — A. Barton, clerk; J. Cutler, 
L. B. Young, N. Wellington, selectmen. 1848, 1849 — A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, J. Ford, J. Lovejoy, 
selectmen. 1850 — A. Barton, clerk; J. Cutler, F. Morrill, S. Baldwin, selectmen. 1851— A. Barton, 
clerk; J. Cutler, J. Ford, J. Lovejoy, selectmen. 1852, 1853, 1854 — A. Barton, clerk, A. Barton, J. 
Lovejoy, J. Ford, selectmen. 1855— A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, J. Lovejoy, C. S. Pray, selectmen. 
1856 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, J.Ford, selectmen. 1857, 1858 — E. Kimball, 
clerk; C. S. Pray, J. Lovejoy, F. F. Haines, selectmen. 1859 — E. Kimball, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. 
Morrison, J. A. Kowell, selectmen. 1860 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, J. A. Rowell, 
selectmen. 1861, 1862 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, S. Haines, selectmen. 1863 — 
A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, F. N. Billington, selectmen. 1864 — A. Barton, clerk; W. 
Hunton, S. Haines, H. Garcelon, selectmen. 1865 — H. Garcelon, clerk; W. Hunton, H. Garcelon, 
F. N. Billington, selectmen. 1866, 1867— H, Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, F. N. Billington, J. 
Lovejoy, selectmen. 1868 — H. Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, 
selectmen. 1869, 1870— H. Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, C. S. Pray. H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 
1871, 1872, 1873 — H. Garcelon, clerk; E. Treat, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1874 — 
E. E. Goding, clerk; E. Treat, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1875, 1876 — E. E. Goding, 
clerk; J. W. Eaton, R. C. Boothby, C. W. Brown, selectmen. 1877, 1878, 1879— E. E. Goding, clerk; 
J. W. Eaton, R. C. Boothby, N. W. Brown, selectmen. 1880, 1881 — E. E. Goding, clerk; R. C. 
Boothby, N. W. Brown, A. M. Wing, selectmen. 1882 — E. S. Goding, clerk ; R. C. Boothby, A. H. 
Ford,C. B. Knapp, selectmen. 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; R. C. Boothby, A. H. Ford, 
L. C. Wyman, selectmen. 1887 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; N. W. Brown, A. J. Dane, E. E. Goding, 
selectmen. 1888 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; E. E. Goding, N. W. Brown, C. B. Knapp, selectmen. 1889, 
1890 -C. H. Gibbs, clerk; George R. Currier, C. W. Brown, A. M. Bumpus, selectmen. 1891— C. H. 
Gibbs, clerk; R. C. Boothby, J. A. Rowell, A. H. Ford, selectmen. 

Rostvell C. Boothby^ son of Samuel and Sarah (Leadbetter) Boothby, is a 
native of Leeds, and grandson of Stephen Boothby who came to that town, an 
early settler, from Saco, and cleared the farm now occupied by his son William. 
Stephen had two children, William and Samuel. Roswell C. Boothby is one 
of the leading men of East Livermore. Republican in politics he is an able 
supporter of the principles of his party, and has held important public offices 
in town and county. He is a Baptist in religious preferences, and is prominent 
in Masonic circles; a member of Reuel Washburn Lodge and of Lewiston 
Commandery, and has been D. D. G. Master of the Fifteenth Masonic District. 
He married Clara A., daughter of Hezekiah and Nancy (Coffin) Atwood. 
[Mrs Atwood was daughter of Naphthali Coffin, an early settler of Livermore, 
and is now living near Livermore Center at the advanced age of 90 years.] 
Their children are Eugene H., Vesta J. (dec), Samuel D., Eloise H. 

Jonathan F. Jefferds, son of Rev. Forrest, a native of Wells, and Sarah C. 
(Stearns) Jefferds, a native of Bedford, Mass., was born in Middleton, Mass. 
He comes of historic lineage, being a descendant of John Alden of Mayflower 
fame. The children of J. F. and Ann M. Jefferds are Nellie F. and Lizzie V. 
Mr Jefferds is a Congregationalist in religious preferences and a Republican 
politically. He was chief clerk in the New England railroad mail service 14 
years, and is now postmaster at Livermore Falls. He served two years in the 



596 History of Androscoggin County. 



army, is past commander of Kimball Post, G. A. R., of this place, and has 
served three years on the staff of the commander of the Department of Maine. 
Gieorge A. Gordon, son of Robert F. and Elvira V. Gordon, was born at 
Livermore, December 18, 1856. His father was a native of Hooksett, N. H., 
whither his great-grandfather emigrated from Scotland, his name appearing 
upon the first inventory of that town. Mr Gordon married, in 1879, Florence 
S. Young; they have one son, Harold B. Mr Gordon is a resident of Liver- 
more, is United States j)ension attorney, and conducts insurance and real estate 
business at Livermore Falls. His religious preference is for the Universalist 
faith; politically he belongs to the Democratic part}'. He is an Odd Fellow. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

ALBION RICKER MILLETT, M.D. 



THERE is no more valuable member of the community than the intelligent 
and devoted physician. He is a benefactor of his race, and, when death 
claims an old, tried, and reliable medical practitioner, one whose profes- 
sional skill and tender care of his patients has won the esteem and love of all, 
we feel in our hearts, and utter with our lips, " a good man is gone." It is well 
that the memory of such men should be cherished, and that a niche should be 
kept for them in the history of the county where their laborious lives were 
passed. Of this number Dr Millett takes foremost rank. 

Albion Micker Millett,^ son of David and Asenath (Hersey) Millett, was 
born at Minot, now Auburn, June 19, 1826, and died June 8, 1889, at Liver- 
more Falls. He attended the district schools, taught school for some years, and 
after his academic studies were completed commenced the study of the profes- 
sion which was to be his life-work, in the office of Dr Wiggin of Auburn; was 
graduated from Bowdoin Medical School in 1854 and established himself at 
Livermore Falls, where for a quarter of a century he was a successful, sympa- 
thetic, and well-beloved physician, and only retired from practice on account of 
failing health. Dr Millett married, March 10, 1861, S. Josephine, daughter 
of Captain Ezekiel and Martha (Richardson) Treat, a lady who was a true 
helpmeet, and by her appreciative sympathy and consideration lightened his 
heavy labors. Their son died in infancy; but their home was gladdened in 
1867 by a daughter, Lottie, now Mrs C. H. Boothby, of Portland, whose son 
bears the name Albion Millett Boothby. 

iFor ancestral history see biography of F. D. Millett, Leeds. 




^'^ *^ JJi/^itxsStms.PM" 



Town of East Livermoee. 597 

Notwithstanding his devotion to his profession and its manifold cares, Dr 
Millett was no idle spectator in the progressive, political, moral, and intellectual 
elements of the town. In I860 he purchased a tract of land on the east side 
of Main street, built a fine residence, and later opened Millett street, on which 
he erected several houses on the north side. He was a life-long Democrat, and 
for many years a leader of his party in the vicinity. He was several times a 
candidate for the legislature, and, such was his popularity, ran ahead of his 
ticket, but his party was in the minority. He was a close reader of the Bible, 
a prominent member of the Universalist society, president of the Franklin 
County Universalist Association for years, and a liberal supporter of that 
denomination. In every worthy enterprise he withheld neither his word, 
influence, or money. He was made a Mason in Oriental Star Lodge, Liver- 
more, and was a charter member of Reuel Washburn Lodge, Livermore Falls; 
had been a Mason for 30 years, and was buried with Masonic honors. As a 
physician Dr Millett's wide researches, retentive memory, and love of study, 
added to good judgment, placed him among the leading practitioners of the 
state, and many owe their lives to his professional skill. In business matters 
his knowledge of affairs, his general intelligence, and his ability caused his 
opinion to be widely sought. (3f correct habits, unquestioned integrity, irre- 
proachable character, with a clear head and a pure and tender heart, always 
true to his convictions, and ready to defend right and justice, Dr Millett may 
be truly said to have been one of nature's noblemen. His memory is gratefully 
cherished, and those who knew him will say that this is not the language of 
eulogy, but simple truth. "Better than storied urn or animated bust" is such 
a monument of tender memories. 

CAPTAIN EZEKIEL TREAT. 

The man to whom Livermore Falls is most indebted for its existence was 
Captain Ezekiel Treat, son of Captain Ezekiel Treat of Canton, who owned 
and commanded ships engaged in traffic between Boston and foreign lands. 
Ezekiel Treat, Jr, was one of six sons whose weight aggregated over 1,200 
pounds, and as a boy accompanied his father to sea, and rose to be captain of 
his father's vessels. He followed the sea until he was nearly 40 and then 
settled in Canton. He married successively Sarah and Martha, daughters of 
Captain George P. Richardson, of Duxbury, Mass. One child of the first wife, 
George M., and two children of the second wife, Sarah Josephine (Mrs A. R. 
Millett), and Winfield S., are now living. In 1845 Captain Treat moved to 
Livermore Falls, where he purchased the entire water-power of the Andros- 
coggin river in East Livermore and the land that now forms the principal 
business portion of the village of Livermore Falls. He was the first to utilize 
the vast power of the falls, building grist, saw, and shingle mills, which he 
carried on for years. It is remarkable that w^heu he sold the water-power (now 



598 History of Androscoggin County. 

worth thousands of dollars) he was only paid $1,500 for it. From the time of 
his arrival until 1876 he was by his energy, ability, and the multiplicity of his 
enterprises preeminently the leading spirit of the place. He established the 
mercantile firm of E. Treat & Son, now conducted by W. S. Treat, and in 
many and widely-varying directions he helped forward every effort to develop 
the village. He built at his own expense the last mile of the railroad into 
Livermore Falls, to fulfill his prophecy that " the whistle of the locomotive 
should be heard in the village in a twelve month." He paid the bills and 
collected the costs from the company by law. Originally a Whig, he became 
a Democrat on the death of the Whig party; but aside from holding the office 
of selectman, justice, etc., took no political positions. He was a man of positive 
character, j^et had a friendly interest in all that made him universally popular. 
He was a strong Universalist, and was the chief one in originating the first 
society and in building the meeting-house. He died June 24, 1879. 




i 



ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY 

(Western Division). 
TOWNS FROM CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD COUNTIES: 

Auburn, Danville, Poland, Minot, Durham, 
Turner, Livermore. 



AUBURN. 

By W. a. Fergusson. 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 

Auburn — Indian Occupancy — Territory — Title — Surface — Soil — Early Settlers and 
Lots — Incorporation — Action and Growth — Goff's Corner — Early Settlements — Stores 
and Traders — The Carpet Factory — First Teacher — First Hotel — Increase in Values- 
Business Houses in 1851 — Formation of Androscoggin County — The Great Fire — Auburn 
Village Corporation — Auburn Village in 1859— East Auburn — West Auburn — North 
Auburn — Stevens Mills — New Auburn. 

AUBURN, the legal center of the county and possessor of the county 
buildings, is a city of energy and progress, of rapid and beautiful 
growth, of stirring manufacturing activity, of artistic and beautiful 
homes, of thoroughly American people. There is no fairer city in all the 
breadth of Maine. There is no city where all the certain elements of constant 
and steady development exist to a greater degree. There is no city with a 
higher reputation for those qualities which make an enjoyable residence, where 
temperance, morality, and culture walk hand in hand with thrift and intellect, 
science and wealth. Extending for miles along the west bank of the Andros- 
coggin, it has the most charming of locations, giving beauty of situation as 
well as natural commercial advantages. All of the centers of civilization in its 
limits have elements of beauty ; diversified and picturesque scenery of lake 
and mountain view, with surroundings of hill and vale to satisfy an exacting 
artist. And then the wealth and richness of the grand old elms and other 
trees that shade so many of the streets, roadsides, and picturesque homes ! 
It is a place to please and attract a stranger and give just pride to its people. 



600 History of Androscoggin County. 



Throughout the whole valley of the Androscoggin in the days of Indian 
occupancy there was not a more lovely section than that immediately adjacent 
to the falls and the junction of the Little Androscoggin with the main stream. 
The massive pines formed a vast forest — a perfect paradise of game — which 
stretched for miles away. The streams and spring-fed Lake Auburn swarmed 
with fish. Li charm of nature and beauty and advantage of location for 
aboriginal life this place was unsurpassed. Here the fierce and warlike Anas- 
agunticooks kept the capital of the valley region, had their principal village, 
and maintained fortifications. Their fleet of canoes, their skin tents with the 
smoke issuing from the opening in the top, their inclosure surrounded by 
sharpened stakes hewed by their stone axes or prepared by fire, with their 
forms arrayed in the dignity of paint and feathers, presented a sight of barbaric 
splendor. But that life long since passed away. Only the old chroniclers tell 
us of its existence in a line or two gleaming out in local coloring, and tradition 
conjures up a shadowy semblance of the wild reality. The very site of their 
fort is problematical. The old annalists tell of its capture in 1690, and one 
account states that some of the Indians in fleeing from pursuit concealed them- 
selves back of West Pitch, and, suspecting this to be their place of refuge, the 
whites fired into the falling water, with the result of a dead Indian plunging 
into the stream beneath. The traces of Indian occupancy have been frequently 
found in skeletons, weapons, stone implements, and not many years ago the 
hills of their corn fields were easily discerned. In grading the streets some 
years since 10 or 12 skeletons were exhumed, buried in a sitting posture, with 
wampum and weapons. 

Auburn extends about 12 miles along the west side of Androscoggin river, 
its greatest length being nearly 15 miles, with an average width of 4| miles. 
Its area is over 50 square miles, one-sixth water. It is surrounded by Turner 
on the north, Lewiston on the east, Durham on the southeast. New Gloucester 
on the southwest, Poland and Minot on the west and northwest. It includes 
the east half of the original town of Minot and the town of Danville, originally 
Pejepscot. The title to the Minot portion comes from Massachusetts through 
the Glover and Bridgham purchase, and that of the Danville portion from the 
Pejepscot Company. The first white settlements were on the hard wood high- 
lands away from the river, and that part now most thickly populated was left 
untouched many years. Auburn is connected with Lewiston by two public 
and two railroad bridges, and has the best of shipping facilities. The conditions 
for farming, gardening, fruit-raising, and stock-breeding within its limits are 
excellent ; the rural population is intelligent and enterprising, and the two 
cities afford excellent home markets. 

The surface is undulating, without mountains, but hills and glens introduce 
mountain features into the landscape. From the elevations, some of them 
several hundreds of feet above the bed of the Androscoggin, a panorama is 



City of Auburn. 601 



presented extending to the White Mountains in the west, easterly across the 
Kennebec, south and southeasterly to the Atlantic, and northerly to the region 
of mountain and pine. Lake Auburn, formerly Wilson's Pond, is a lovely 
sheet of water four miles long, and two miles wide in its broadest place, of clear 
and pure water. It is the natural reservoir from which the city is supplied 
with water, and its shores are sought as a summer resort and for cottages. 
Taylor Pond is a smaller body of water of 577 acres southwest of Lake Auburn. 
Little Androscoggin river winds through the city for several miles, rushes over 
rapids and a fall of 70 feet, and empties into the great river at the foot of the 
hill where it pleases us to think was located the historic fort captured in 1690 
by Major Benjamin Church, and at the place where Edward Little, Esq., 
chose his last resting-place and was first buried. 

Auburn is noted for its valuable farms and wealthy farmers. The stock 
farm of B. F. & F. H. Briggs has a national reputation, is one of the leading 
farms of the state, and the only farm on earth owning a full brother or sister 
to two trotters with records better than 2.11 : Warrener, full brother to Sunol 
2.101, and Sadie L., full sister to Nelson 2.10. Grenadier, one of their yearling 
colts, trotted a half mile in 1891 in 1.481. Daniel Lowell, E. R. Given, P. W. 
and Wallace R. Dill, L T. Waterman, Ansel Briggs, Henry Merrill, J. R. 
Learned, Horace B. Richardson (stock and market gardening), I. V. McKenney 
(market gardener) have much capital invested in their farms. Among other 
successful farmers are Z. T. Newell, the capable superintendent of the city 
farm, Seth Briggs, J. H. Moore, J. W. Ricker, S. G. Tribou, George H. Dilling- 
ham, C. H. Record. Charles L. Cushman is paying attention to the breeding 
of fine horses, and his stable and stock attract many visitors. 

Early Settlers and Lots. — From a j)lan of "a tract of land lying in Poland 
containing about 18,000 acres including the lands disclaimed by the proprietors 
of Bakerstown, with each settler's lot thereon with their names wrote in red," 
surveyed in August, September, and October, 1798, by Philip Bullen according 
to a resolve passed b}^ the legislature of Massachusetts, February 7, 1798, we 
take these names of the early Minot (Auburn) settlers. 11,16.5| acres were 
then laid out to actual and prospective residents, 7,694 remaining unoccupied. 

Commencing at East Auburn the large lot 48 containing the outlet and mills and 
stretching nearly to the Androscoggin was occupied by Samuel Berry. Going around Lake 
Auburn by the south and west we find the lots in this order : William Briggs No. 49, 
Arauua Briggs 59, Wm Briggs, Jr, GO, A. Dwinell 23, vacant 24, Wm Woodward 65, Elijah 
Record 64, John Todd 63, Squire Caswell 62, Samuel Jackson 61, James Packard 36, Joel 
Simmons 33, Joseph Daws 32, Cushing Daws 31, Job Caswell 28, Isaac Washburn 23, 
Nicholas Bray 22, Nathan Niles 21, John Staples 16, Simeon Caswell 15, David Head 103, 
[These last three include the head of the lake.] James Willis 5, Edward Packard 46, Jacob 
Packard 45, Alnathan Packard 38, Elijah Fisher 40, vacant 18. No. 49 on the Androscoggin 
is vacant ; this commences at the Danville line, runs 120 rods along the Androscoggin and 
280 back from the river along the same line. Going up the river the lots above this are in 



602 History of Andeoscoggin County. 



consecutive order A. Dwinell 55, Caleb Lincoln 58, Joshua Taylor 54 and 58 back of the 
first, Thomas Taylor 53 and 57 in the rear. On 53 is the mouth of the outlet of Lake 
Auburn. Next is Benjamin Pettingill 52, Philip Peasley 51, [The Taylors, Pettingill, and 
Peasley were here in 1795.] four vacant lots 21, 20, 19, 16, Thomas Little 50, John Dilling- 
ham 44, Elijah Record 43, 42, Wm Francis 41, joining Turner. Back of Francis on the 
north line 11, 4, 3 were vacant; then came Wm True 1, Daniel Briggs 9, and 2 in north 
corner vacant. Just north of Elijah Fisher's lot 40 were Nathaniel Ingersol 8, Zibe Eaton's 
heirs 13, and the west part of 14 Isaac Allen. The east part of 14 was settled by Amos 
Harvey. North of Eaton and Allen was B. Beals 12, north of Ingersol was 9, occupied by 
T. Abbott and Wm Francis; north of this Nathaniel Ingersol also owned lot 10. The tier 
of lots west of these last going toward A. Packard's 38, were Abel Allen 5 and 6, Lemuel 
Nash 7, Alexander Monroe 39. Abel Allen has another 6 laid out back of 5. South of this 
is Jeremiah Dillingham 7, Isaac Dillingham 8, Jacob Leavitt 47.V^West of these and south 
of Wm True 1, are John Dillingham 2, Wm True 3, George Tow[n]send 4 to James Willis 
5. West of 2, are Gershom Holmes 10, Joseph Johnson 11 ; south of 11 are Asa Haskell 
12 , and Samuel Bowens 13. West of 4 is Zenas Whitman 14, and following south on the 
curve line next to 2 is Noah Harvey 1, Elijah Bates 18, Noah Bates 17, Dimon Perry 19,1 
Eogers Terrell 20, Timothy Bailey 24, Israel Bailey 26, Timothy Bailey 24 again, Henry 
Jackson 25, Benjamin Clifford 30, Isaac Nason 68. James Jewett 69 stretches along and 
abuts on Taylor Pond. Perez Andrews 27 is between B. Clifford 30 and Job and Wm 
Caswell 28 and 34. Aaron Dwiual 29 is southwest of Andrews 27, and towards Lake Auburn 
from 29 is Zecbariah Chickering35 and Benjamin Noyes 71, who also has another 71 appar- 
ently a corner of the large James Parker lot 70, lying just southwest and touching the 
head of Taylor Pond. 

East of Parker's lot is 37 settled by Christopher Young and Abiel Lapham. South of 
Jewett 69, between Taylor Pond and the curve line are John Downing 72, Henry Sawtel 
74, Nehemiah Sawtel 75 ; next below 74 and 75 is Israel Bray 73 ; east of Bray is 28 vacant, 
and Seth Chandler 29. Michael Welcome 73 comes next on the curve line, following this 
line Daniel Jumper 82, Moses Emery 83, Ephraim Chubb 84, and 78 vacant brings us to the 
Little Androscoggin. Down this stream are Merrow 35 and 77 vacant, Widow Sarah 
Emerson 86, Thomas Bailey 87, 92, [He is said to have built Nason's mill in 1780.] Benjamin 
Thombs 93 and 38, Jonathan Emerson 91 adjoining Danville, and David and Nathaniel 
Small 94 on Danville line north of the stream. [This settlement dates to 1780. In 1786 
John Nason owned a mill, and besides these here given Daniel Moody, Daniel Libby, and 
Samuel Starbird lived here in 1791.] Benjamin Coombs 89, Samuel Bailey 90, vacant 72, 
lie along the Danville line south of 91. Lots 71, 73, 74, T. Little 75 and 76, lie in the corner 
south of the Little Androscoggin. Wm Cordwell 78, Stephen Safford 11^ James Hodgkins 
80, Samuel Downing, Jr, 79, James Manuel 85, Thomas Downing 81, Samuel Downing 81, 
Varney on 31, vacant lots 32 and 34, T. Little, Z. Eaton, and W. Harris 30 are west of 
Taylor Pond. On the shore of the pond next below 32 are B. Thomb and Stephen Rowe 
on 33. The outlet of the pond lies on 70 vacant. Down the outlet we find Dwinel 66, Noah 
Hersey 69, Thomas Seabury on 67, N. Hersey and N. Eveleth on 68, Jacob Stevens 97, Elias 
Merrill 98, Joseph Lamb 100. Next to 49 on the Danville line Joseph Welch has a small 
narrow lot 101. This is nearly surrounded by 48 which also joins 49. Further back on 
Danville line are 47, 46, T. L. 45. Between Taylor Pond outlet and the Little Andros- 
coggin are these other lots: Nathan Nason 95, John Nason 96, Nathaniel Ingersol 44 and 37, 

iPerryville takes its name from him. He resided there many years until he was killed by being 
thrown from his wagon while loading hay. Among his children were Isaac, Noah, Ruhamah (Mra 
Abram Allen), Rachel, Bethiah (Mrs Levi Perry), David B. 



City of Auburn. 603 



B. Thomb 43, B. Thomb and J. Boyd on 40, Pulsifer & Nason 36, and 34, 39, 41, 42 vacant. 
East of Taylor Pond on its shore are S. Row 65, Asa Whitmarsh 64, 62, W. Harris, Zibe 
Eaton, T. Little 63. Next to 62 toward Danville is E. Welch 61, next M. Collier and 
Deacon Perkins on 60; next toward Danville is 59 marked T. Little; "Sold to John Ran- 
deil," and next to this we find Moses Allen and J. Gott" on 5L Lot .50 is marked S. Row 
and west of 50 and 51 is the large lot of Elias Merrill 99. Between 49 [the location of 
Auburn city proper] and West Auburn we find these lots and owners. Elijah Hackett and 
E. WasLiburn .52, David Davis 53, James Perkins .54, Nathaniel Ingersol 27, George Curtis 
25, John Gowell and Moses Allen 67, John Lowering. East of 53 and 54 are Henry Frost 
56 and Samuel Berry, Jr, 57, while north of these are Darius White on 26 and Jonathan 
Nash on 22. 

These are the "old families," and many of their descendants are living in 
the Auburn of to-day. 

The Toivn of Auhurn was incorporated February 24, 1842, from " all that 
part of Minot lying easterly of the curve line (so called)." The first town 
meeting met at the Congregational meetingdiouse at West Auburn, March 7, 
1842, the call being signed by Elisha Stetson, John Smith, William B. Merrill, 
Benjamin Given, Charles Little, Thomas B. Little. Auburn paid Minot $1,000 
to equalize the expenses of bridges. In 1843 15 school districts were estab- 
lished, in 1845 a town house was located at Young's Corner, in 1848 a town 
farm was bought, price $950; it was sold in 1852, and in 1854 the selectmen 
were authorized to purchase another. In 1854 there were 12 votes cast for 
Lewiston as the county seat and 778 for Auburn. This year Elm, Hampshire, 
Pearl, Pine, Oak, Willow, and Summer streets were laid out. In 1855 a com- 
mittee was chosen to purchase a lot and build a town house in Lewiston Falls; 
$4,000 were appropriated to do this, and it was voted to call it Auburn Hall. 
Town reports were ordered printed. In 1856 the Stetson farm was bought for 
a town farm ; price, $1,800. Up to March 1, 1857, the amount of selectmen's 
orders from the organization of the town was $33,883.50 ; there was credited, 
in addition, on treasurer's books, $6,654.62 = $40,538.12. The assessments 
during this time were $38,203.76, and the town then owed $14,275.63, with 
resources of $9,569.35. In 1856 cast 268 votes (all cast) for a state prohibitory 
law; School, Pickard, Back, Pleasant, and Railroad streets were located, and 
that part of Danville north of Little Androscoggin river was annexed to 
Auburn. The growth was rapid now, and in 1861 school district No. 18 was 
united to No. 9, which voted to hire $3,350 to buy a lot and build a school- 
house. In 1863, on the question of allowing soldiers in the field to vote, 687 
votes were cast, all in favor. As the wealth and importance increase, expenses 
rise. In 1865 $3,200 was voted for schools, $1,500 for poor, $1,200 for 
expenses, $4,000 for interest, $4,000 for roads, etc., and $20,000 to pay debts. 
In 1866 Auburn Hall was completed at a cost of $17,106.69, and the town 
authorized a loan of $12,000 to pay its building expenses; for digging the 
cellar and building the three brick stores on the ground floor. Increase B. 



604 History of Andeoscoggin County. 

Kimball and Charles R. Jordan are leased these stores for 45 years for one 
dollar a year. This year the town voted to fund its debt. In 1867 Danville 
was annexed to Auburn, and in Marcli the town voted to fund the debt of 
Danville, and to purchase the fire-engine, etc., of Auburn village corporation. 
In 1868 the town cast 215 votes for, 606 against incorporating the city of 
Auburn. In 1869 another vote was had, 452 in favor, 365 against. 

In tracing the growth, development, and prosperity of the various hamlets 
that became business centers, we take first that locality now the city proper. 
The oldest settlement in this part of the town was made on Merrill Hill, in 
1789, b}^ Jacob Stevens, Benjamin True, Jabez Merrill, Levi Merrill, and 
Daniel Merrill, all of Turner. Two years later all but Mr Stevens sold their 
betterments to Elias Merrill, of New Gloucester, who here provided a home 
for his large family of sons, many of whose descendants are now residing in 
the city. 

Goff's Corner. In the village that clustered around Goff's Corner two 
towns contributed. The line between Minot and Danville commenced " at the 
highest rock in the Androscoggin at the Falls," passed diagonally across Court 
street just north of the Elm House, and bisected the residence of Ara Cush- 
man. The first clearing was made in 1797 by one Marr, near the junction of 
Main and Court streets. He sold his claim to Joseph Welch, whose log house 
was the first permanent building. The second was a frame house built by Mr 
Dillingham in 1798 near the Falls on Foundry brook, where he erected a grist- 
mill. The next house was a log one, built nearl}^ opposite the Edward Little 
house by Solomon Wood. The growth for 20 years was slow. By the coming 
of Edward Little in 1819 an element of prosperity was introduced. In 1822 
Jacob Read removed a small building from Lewiston on the ice to the site of 
Goff Block for the first store, and also opened the first public house. James 
Goff became Read's partner in merchandising, and bought store and goods in 
1823. In 1823 the toll-bridge across the Androscoggin (superseding the ferry 
that had done duty since 1812) was completed, an accomplishment of great 
advantage to " Pekin," as the village was called. The toll-house stood on the 
site of Bradbury's livery stable, and the rates of toll are preserved. James O. 
Emery was toll-taker, but soon was succeeded by John Smith. Foot passen- 
gers 2 cents, horse and wagon 10 cents, chaise 16 cents, four-wheeled phaetons 
32 cents, sheep 1 cent, oxen 4 cents. Mrs Charles Clark says: "In 1826, 
besides James Goff's store, Stephen Lowell had a small store on the site of 
Robinson's drug store ; Edward Little, Esq., a law office nearly opposite Goff's 
store on the river side. Barker Brooks had a blacksmith shop south of this. 
Just below Mr Little's office Orra Raynes had a millinery shop, and below 
Goff's store was Jonathan Raynes's building, shop, and house. This stood 
where Mechanics Savings liank stands. Jacob Read's tavern was next. It had 
one and one-half stories, and a busy place it was. Daniel Welch and Manning 



City of Aubuen. 605 



lived lower down. These were all the buildings. In 1826 the Edward Little 
residence was built. Joseph Winslow lived some ways above the Elm House, 
James Goff on the site of Auburn Hall, Godfrey Lane above Winslow's. The 
Robinson store was built in 1831 by Thomas and Josiah Little. In 1835 it was 
sold to James Goff, Jr, who sold to Rev. Mr Stone, who kept a general store." 
In 1833 there were two merchants, James Goff and J. D. Dickinson. In 1835 
Edward Little built a carpet factory on the brook near West Pitch. Thomas 
B. Little was agent and a flourishing business was done until it was burned 
about 1840. From 1845 to 1848 C. P. True & Co. (of which A. C. Denison 
was the chief member) did an annual business of from !S75,000 to $100,000 
near the bridge, their store standing nearly on the site of Bradbury's stable. 
They bought enormous quantities of clover seed, pork, etc., keeping many 
four-horse teams busy in hauling them to Portland. 

As early as 1826 the Minot part was large enough to support a school, and 
the old red school-house, which stood until 1854, was built opposite "the 
patch " clay bank. The street then went past the site of the carpet factory. 
Turner street had not been located and the ground was covered with thick 
bushes. Some of the teachers were Robert Martin, Joseph, Sarah, and Mary 
Frye, Charles and Harriet Chase. From 1826 to 1848 religious services were 
held here. The first teacher at Goff's Corner was Orra Raynes, the first 
milliner. She married Joseph D. Davis, the merchant, and is living at an 
advanced age, in her quaint brick house with its garden of old-fashioned 
flowers, on Court street, next to Auburn Hall. 

Maine Hotel. — This stands on the site of one of the first frame houses. It 
was one and one-half stories high when built by Zebina Hunt before 1818, but 
used as a dwelling until purchased for a tavern by Jacob Read in 1822. Hunt 
was the ferryman for many years. Elisha Keene bought Read's hotel in 1829. 
Edward Little bought it to stop the sale of liquor, and leased it in 1841 to 
James F. Davis, who later became owner. He enlarged the house, named it 
Maine Hotel, and conducted it with great success for 30 years. It was always 
the stopping place of the stages, and a temperance tavern.^ Since Mr Davis's 
occupancy there have been several landlords. 

Elm House was built in 1830 by Josiah Little as a residence. He set out 
the elms which gave the hotel name, and a fine flower garden surrounded it. 
In 1836 John A. Briggs bought it, and in 1845 it was made a public house by 
Joel C. Lane. He was succeeded by several others before William S. Young 
took possession in 1853. September 1, 1867, W. S. & A. Young, nephews of 
William S., succeeded him until 1877, then W. S. was proprietor 11 years, 
L. C. Dunham and then A. B. Latham followed for brief periods. The new 

1 James F. Davis was son of Joseph Davis, of Danville. He was a blacksmith at Goff's Corner in 
1831, from 1839 to 1841 a merchant in the Thomas Little store. He was one of the earliest Odd Fellows. 



606 History of Androscoggin County. 

Elm House, one of the most convenient hotels in Maine, was opened by its 
former popular landlords, W. S. & A. Young, August 22, 1891. 

Increase in Values. — Some idea of the development of Auburn may be given 
from the increase in the value of land. In 1821 Jacob Read owned ten acres 
of land between Goff's Corner and Maine Hotel. It was covered with bushes 
and unproductive, and when a man offered him a horse for " them ten acres " 
Mr Read thought the offer high enough but did not trade. Mr Read, in 1823, 
sold James Goff one-half acre including the corner for f 100. About the same 
time he sold one-half acre fronting Main street to Jonathan Raynes for $100. 
In 1831 Mr Read bought the lot now occupied by the Y. M. C. A. building for 
150, and built the Auburn House. In 1875 the Y. M. C. A. paid $4,500 for 
the property. The Lewiston Journal in 1876 says this of the rapid rise in value 
of real estate in Auburn : " Charles Clark states that Edward Little received 
$6,000 of the Water-Power Company for a large tract of land in Lewiston and 
Auburn. The land now owned by the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Co. 
was sold for $40,000. Now the company sells 50 x 90 feet lots for from $500 to 
$800. 40 years ago all the land between Elm, High, and Court streets was 
offered for $1,500. Now it is worth $500,000. 28 years ago Kimball & Dingley 
paid $800 for a 25 x 68 foot lot where the store of Dingley & Brewster stands. 
Now worth $3,500. 25 years ago a lot on Pleasant street, valued at $2,500 
was sold for $300. F. M. Jordan 27 years ago paid $250 for the lot he sold to 
the Grand Trunk Railway in 1878 for $6,000. Mr Hersey gave $350 26 years 
ago for the Benjamin Dunn lot, now worth $4,000. Ten years ago Thomas 
Vosmus paid $250 for a lot on Laurel street, now worth $1,000. Charles Dunn 
paid $600 in 1862 for his brick-yard. The property is valued at $10,000. N. 
B. Reynolds asked $800 in 1868 for 7i acres south of the Little Androscoggin 
property on the river road, now worth $13,000. H. R. Smith gave $600 for 
7^ acres next north of Mr Loring, now worth $4,000. Judge Goddard 20 years 
ago paid $700 for all the land on the hill east of Judge May's. He has sold 
over $9,000 worth, and has a $2,500 slice left. Charles Ingalls 25 years ago 
paid $800 for a lot now valued at $3,000. Mr Jordan paid $325 17 years ago 
for the lot next south, now worth $2,000." These are not isolated cases, but 
all through the city proper a similar, and, in some cases, a greater increase is 
shown down to 1891. 

The railroad reached Auburn in 1848, and the village began to grow rapidly. 
In 1849 it became a part of Lewiston Falls village. The formation of Andros- 
coggin county in 1854, the location of the county seat at Auburn, and erection 
of the county buildings attracted business and professional men. The growth 
of the village was now assured and a nucleus formed for a great manufacturing 
and business city. 



City of Auburn. 607 



The business houses in 1851 were: Stoves, hardware, etc., J. D. Davis & Co.; dry goods, groceries, 
etc., J. H. Roak & Co., Cobb, Bartlett & Co., G. H. Ambrose, B. Hersey, C. H. Rice, Clark & 
Mudgett; apothecaries, Rowe & Reynolds; blacksmiths, Albert Folsom, Strout & Stinchfleld; books, 
stationery, etc., McKenney & Hall, A. W. Hall; boots, shoes, etc., J. H. Roak & Co., G. H. Ambrose, 

Pray & French, Sumner Wood; furniture, Jesse Fuller; carpenters, Moore, John Wilson, Alfred 

Townsend, John Simpson; carriage-makers, Thayer & Perry, E. L. Townsend, A. W. Allen; civil 
engineer, W. A. Williams; clothing, G. M. French, Levi Gould; daguerreotypes, Henry Baldwin, Jr; 
dentist, D. B. Strout; express offices, Longley & Co. (G. W. Foss, agent), Winslow & Co. (A. Town, 
agent); harnesses, J. P. Longley, Lyman Wood; hats, caps, and furs, Charles H. Rice, Levi Gould, 
Sumner Wood, G. M. French; iron founders, Nathaniel French & Sons; machinist, J. C. French; 
marble works, H. R. Smith; masons, Elbridge Coffin, C. W. Kyle, B. Wentworth, Moses Wentworth, 
S. G. Alden, John Levett; musical instruments, Freeman Newell; painters, Herman Holt, Isaac 
Haskell, H. V. Daggett, Horace Bradford, Thomas Storah, H. C. Thayer; provisions, F. B. Cobb, 
James Goff, Jr, Knight & Vickery, Stephen Rowe, Joseph Lufkin; Elm House, J. C. Lane; Maine 
Hotel, J. F. Davis; Eagle Hotel, W. S. Young; restaurants, Ingalls & Son, Seward Goss, Jones & 
Hicks; surveyor, Thomas B. Little; tailors, S. A. Niles, C. Tribou, C. W. Whitney; tanners, Rigby & 
Miller; toll collector, Hanson Cook; watches and jewelry, McKenney & Hall, A. W. Hall; variety 
stores, R. Dexter, D. Stinson & Co. 

The G-reat Fire. — August 17, 1855, a fire destroyed the buildings on both 
sides of Court street from Goff's Corner to Auburn Hall, and on Main street 
to Maine Hotel. It burned Miller & Randall's tannery, Union Hall, the large 
brick block of Newell, Haskell & Co., 20 stores, l dwellings, and numerous 
offices. The losses were: Miller, Randall & Co., 15,000; Barker Brooks, 
12,000; F. Newell, |2,600 ; Isaac Haskell, $2,200; N. G. Sturgis, $2,500; 
Joseph Lufkin, $1,500; Auburn Bank, $400; A. Bailey, $4,000; Hall & 
Briggs, $300; R. Dexter, $300; P. Dyer, $400; James Goff, Jr, $9,000; 
Auburn Hall, $200; R. Ingalls & Co., $1,500; Josiah Stone, $700; E. T. 
Little, $900; A. T. Bean, $2,200 ; Ruf us Penley, $5,000; Wm Penley, $1,500; 
A.W.Hall, $800; Strout & Woodbury, $500; Josiah Little, $1,400; N. B. 
Reynolds, $4,500 ; Small & Littlefield,^$750; J. Dingley, Jr, & Co., $9,500; 
Roak, Packard & Co., $13,000; Sumner Wood, Jr, & Co., $300; John Penley, 
$800 ; with others making a loss of $75,000, with insurance of $35,000. 

Auhnrn Village Corporation (chartered March 14, 1850, powers increased 
April 4, 185(3,) was a successor to the Lewiston Falls village corporation, 
chartered July 30, 1849, and was organized mainly to provide means for 
extinguishing fires. It had power to raise money for a night watch and police 
force, etc., and continued active in maintaining a fire department until 1867. 
The first officers were: Ambrose Herriman, clerk; Edward T. Little, Nelson 
Dingley, John R. Merrill, assessors; Philip A. Briggs, treasurer; Charles 
Clark, chief engineer; S. P. Miller, W. H. Waldron, George L. Drink water, 
assistant engineers ; Benjamin Dunn, Asa P. Miller, Thomas Littlefield, 
Andrew C. Pettingill, John R. Merrill, policemen. 

A fire department had been maintained from October 30, 1849, when 
"Excelsior Engine Company, No. 2," was formed with 57 members. Jesse S. 
Lyford^ was the first foreman, G. W. Foss and Orrin B. Morse, assistants. 
This company did good service for its equipment. 

iThen a merchant of Auburn; later a mayor of Lewiston and prominent in affairs. 



608 History of Androscoggin County. 

Manufacturing increased steadily during the Civil War and a healthy 
growth continued with no intermission until the adoption of the city charter. 

East Auburn was early an important business point. Here a grist-mill was 
built in 1793 by Samuel Berry (who soon built a saw-mill), and many a bag of 
corn was brought on the shoulders of the hardy pioneers to be made into meal. 
Mr Berry was from Cobbossecontee. On the lot south (49) in 1797 William 
Briggs, with a large family, made his home on the place now owned by Royal 
J. Bradbury, and he built a grist-mill in 1799. On the hard wood lots of land 
in this vicinity were in 1798 residing, making quite a community for those 
days, having a school, taught by Daniel Briggs, Thomas Chadbourne, Elijah 
Fisher from Taunton on lot 40, Arauna Briggs on lot 59, John Dillingham 
from Dighton on lot 54, Elijah Record on lots 42 and 43, William Francis on 
part of lot 9. A Baptist society was formed, and a church built in 1819. The 
mill privilege attracted settlers and about 1827 a carding mill was built by 
Zenas Whitman and operated until 18<)0, when it became the furniture factory 
of Bradford & Conant. In 1859 there were 35 dwellings, several shoe shops, 
2 stores, 2 shoe factories, 1 brush factory, 1 carding machine, 1 peg factory, 1 
grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 1 shingle, 1 clapboard, and 1 planing machine. Here 
have been made also shook, sugar-boxes, staves, bobbins, and shoe-pegs. Earl 
Blossom built a peg factory in 1846, which was conducted 20 years. The 
manufacture of brushes was carried on quite extensively, C. White in 1869 
making -^10,000 worth. There is now some manufacturing, J. P. Vickery & 
Co.'s grist-mill, two or three small stores, and a Baptist church. The village 
is the summer termination of the Lewiston & Auburn horse railroad. The 
little steamer that plies across the lake has here its eastern landing. A fine 
grove attracts many visitors and picnic parties in summer. In this part of the 
town dwells Ira T. Waterman, who has taken more premiums on farm exhibits 
at the State Fair than any other man in Maine. In 1891 he had 35 exhibits 
and took 35 premiums. He has a productive farm and a handsome set of 
buildings. He is of Pilgrim stock and descends from early settlers. (See 
Minot.) 

West Auburn is finely situated on an elevated ridge of land on the west side 
of Lake Auburn. Its location, 750 feet above tide water, gives pure air and a 
magnificent outlook. To the east stretches Lake Auburn, with its 1,807 acres 
of water surface, and beyond, a pleasing rural landscape. James Parker, John 
Nason, John Downing, Israel Bray, Samuel Verrill, and Benjamin Noyes were 
the first settlers, locating here in 1789. In 1798 most of them gave preference 
to locations on Taylor Pond, and a colony from Bridgewater, Mass., James 
Packard, Asaph Howard, John C. Crafts, James Perkins, Asahel Kingsley, and 
others, were in possession by 1800. Mr Perkins was an iron worker; did 
blacksmithing, made wrought nails, hoes, shovels, axes, and other implements 
and tools used by the settlers, and tradition tells that in the War of 1812 his 



City of Auburn. 609 



skill was utilized to make gun-barrels, knives, razors, and tobacco pipes. A 
flourishing village had grown by 1810, a Congregational church formed, and 
the East meeting-house built (the frame raised Ma}'- 25, 1805), and here Rev. 
Jonathan Scott preached and prayed. A post-office was located here in 1833, 
but a village was not developed until the Minot Shoe Company was established 
in 1835. At this time there were but four dwellings within a quarter of a 
mile of the post-office. For over 30 years shoe manufacturing gave life to the 
village; in one year il20,000 worth were made. The leading manufacturers 
were C. S. Packard & Co., and James Munroe & Co. The cessation of manu- 
facturing largely depopulated the village. L. Packard now wholesales wood 
and lumber, and E. S. Crafts is in tiade. The erection of the commodious 
Grand View House, combined with the high altitude, pure air and water, and 
charming diversity of scenery make it an enjoyable summer resort. 

North Auburn. The original proprietors of the lots of this section, settling 
here from 1785 to 1795, were David Head, Simeon Caswell, and John Staples. 
There was not much improvement for some j'^ears, only a small mill erected by 
Caswell, but in 1802 Isaac Brett purchased this mill and built another. In 
1815 he sold to Timothy Bailey. In 1818 there were five dwellings near the 
mills, one built by Mr Brett, one by Nathan Warren, one by Artemas Warren, 
one by Chesley Hatch, and another by David Warren and Artemas Brown. 
In 1820 Nehemiah and his son, Stephen Packard, bought the mill property,^ 
and in 1825 Joseph S. Sargent built a tannery. The old mail route to the 
upper towns passed through the village and made it a central location. Oliver 
Pollard kept a popular stage tavern, and was the first j^ostmaster of Centre 
Minot post-office, established in 1825. His hotel was later for many years the 
home of Gen. Eliphalet Packard, and its site was occupied in 1888 by the fine 
residence of Lucius Packard. Business improved and steady addition was 
made to the population. Bradford & Conant bought one-third of the water 
privilege in 1848 and built a machine shop, and furniture factory; in 1851 the 
grist-mills of S. Packard, the machine shop, the furniture manufactory, and the 
tannery of S. D. Harris were burned. All were rebuilt except the tannery. 
In 1859 there were 300 inhabitants, 46 dwellings, 1 hotel, 2 stores, 1 saw-mill, 
1 grist-mill, 1 furniture factory employing 12 men, 2 blacksmiths, 1 tailor, 1 
milliner and maiitua maker, 2 meeting-houses and several shoe factories. 
H. M. Bearce & Co. the same year made 25,920 pairs of copper-toed shoes 
monthly; they also made 200,000 metallic tips monthly. Three other com- 
panies produced 3,828 pairs of shoes monthly. In 1858 the Universalist and 
Methodist churches were built. In 1874 North Auburn Co-operative Boot and 
Shoe Manufacturing Co. was organized with 127,000 capital, and with George 
Dillingham clerk, Timothy Bailey, J. Q. Edmonds, John E. Ashe, Lucius 

1 General Packard, so prominent in Louisiana politics in 1876, was born here. 



610 History of Androscoggin County. 



Packard, Wm H. Briggs, and Wm Brackett directors, and did business for 
some years. Only a staid, pleasant village — a quiet hamlet for a summer 
vacation — with two traders of long standing, C. W. Bird and Isaac Osgood, 
now exists. Its location on Lake Auburn gives splendid opportunities for 
boating, etc. Lake Auburn Mineral Spring Company lias provided elegant 
accommodations for summer visitors in the magnificent Lake Auburn Spring 
House, on the picturesque shores of the lake which possesses characteristics 
of the famous lochs of Scotland. 

Stevens Mills. Jacob Stevens (son of Moses, of Turner), of a Gloucester, 
Mass., family, came in 1789 and settled on lot 97 (500 acres), running west 
from Merrill hill, with his children, Moses and Parker. He died in 1826, aged 
71. His wife, Martha Sawyer, died in 1829, aged 76. His sons built a saw- 
mill on Taylor brook in 1800, which was operated until about 1860 (clapboard, 
shingle, and lath machines being added), passing through the hands of Nathan 
Merrill, George Pierce, and Parsons & Willis. The latter took the mill down 
and flowed the ground to add to the power of their grist-mill lower down. 
Moses Stevens built a grist-mill on the same privilege in 1850. Parsons & 
Willis purchased it about 25 years ago, and used it some time as a carding mill. 
Moses Stevens married Charlotte Clifford and died in 1871, aged 91. Parker 
Stevens married Sarah Merrill and died in 1826, aged 41. Children : Seba S. 
(married a Haskell), Sutton S. (his daughter Melissa married Albert Young, of 
Auburn), Sarah (married Major Merrill), Jacob, Parker S., Elias M. These 
all settled here, and a thriving business center, with stores, shops, etc., came 
into being. Jacob Davis was early in trade, next James GoiT, Jr, and then 
Enoch Littlefield. Forty-five years ago, out of a school of 104 scholars, 60 
were named Stevens. Sutton S. Stevens, born 1811, died aged 57, married (1) 
Phebe Haskell. Children : Isaiah S. (dec), Lucinda (Mrs Lyseth), Sittton S. 
She died in 1837, aged 25, and Mr Stevens married (2) Sally A. Haskell. 
Children: Enos H.; Phebe (Mrs R. W. Merrill); Sarah (Mrs A. R. Little- 
field); Charles H.; Wendell S.; Augusta A.; Thomas J. (Portland); Edwin 
L.; Fred M. (California). J«(?o5 /S'^gyg??.? married a Haskell. Children: Simon; 
James M.;^ Jacob; Everett; Wallace; Anna (Mrs Jenkins). Sutton S. 
Stevens (the oldest one of the family living) married Fanny Lambert, of 
Durham. Children: Walter I.; Ralph A.; Anna (Mrs Ulysses Greenlaw). 
He occupies a farm of 75 acres, containing a part of the old homestead, and is 
a prosperous farmer and milkman. Charles H. Stevens married Mrs Osgood, 
has a productive farm, is a Universalist, and, like the Stevenses generally, an 
uncompromising Democrat. Major Merrill, born April 17, 1810, has lived near 
Stevens Mills since 1834 ; married Sarah Stevens. Among his children are 
Stephen S., Samuel P., William T., and George (of Turner). Stephen S. is 

iHe has served as overseer of the poor three years, and has represented Ward 2 in the city counciL 



City of Aubuen. 611 



the owner of two farms of 100 acres, including the homestead. Among the 
other representative farmers are A. G. Haskell and his son, Harry L. Hiukell. 
They have one of the best farms, containing 80 acres, and a valuable milk 
route. The latter is a prominent Free Mason and has done good service in 
both branches of the city government. 

New Auburn, below the Little Androscoggin, was created by the erection 
of Barker Mill and other operations of the L. A. W. P. Company, which placed 
building lots on sale. It is rapidly growing. Broad street bridge brings it 
close to Lewiston, and the Belt line horse-cars give easy access to that city. 
Of late the French have sought homes in New Auburn, and a French Catholic 
chapel has been built and a parochial school established by the Dominican 
Fathers of Lewiston. Sixth street chapel is the home of a prosperous Protest- 
ant society. A $20,000 public school building is projected. Many buildings 
are in process of erection and there are several business houses. Burt L. 
Alden <f Co., druggists, apothecaries, dealers in furnishing goods, stationery, 
etc., and manufacturers of cigars. No. 10 Third street, established in 1876 by 
Mr Alden, do a large business. 

Isaac N. Haskell cf- CV>., grocers, dealers in meats and provisions. No. 2 
Third street, is tlie largest establishment. This prosperous house was estab- 
lished about 20 years ago by Skinner & Merrill, and in 1874 was purchased by 
Mr Haskell, who is prominently connected with public affairs and manu- 
facturing, and in 1879 the admission of A. W. Miller made the firm of I. N. 
Haskell & Co. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



City op Aubuex. — Its Growth and Prosperity — Extracts from Official Reports, etc.— 
Statistics — Action iu the Rebeiliou —Civil List. 

THE charter for the City of Auburn was adopted February 22, 1869, 
and March 4 the selectmen, in compliance with the act of incorporation, 
appointed these wardens: G. D. Holmes ward one, David T. French ward 
two, James O. Foss ward three, Richard Dresser ward four, Isaac Pvounds ward 
five. March 8 the first city election was held, and March 22 the city govern- 
ment was organized. The ward limits have remained as defined by the 
selectmen in 1869. The work was well done and the wards had about equal 
population. Some wards have lost since then, others have largely gained, so 
that the population is unequally distributed in the present limits of the wards, 
and by an act of the last legislature the city is empowered to re-adjust their 



(jl2 History of Androscoggin County. 



lines. The population in 1890 was : Ward one, 883 ; ward two, 3,430 ; ward 
three, 1,748; ward four, 3,909; ward five, 1,285 — 11,250. 

From the selectmen's report of March 1, 1868, we learn the condition of 
the town. The valuation on April 1, 1807, was 11,679,082, the number of polls 
1,361, on which was assessed, in 1867, taxes of 139,423.26. The resources 
were 1120,970.68, the expenses $108,983.16. The liabilities were : bonds of 
funded debt $111,800, other bonds of Auburn $4,475, Danville bonds, etc. 
$8,005, and incidentals, making a total of $124,979.49. There was due the 
town $12,809.23, and the amount required to meet debt and interest was 
$17,724.49. To meet these the selectmen recommended a tax of $9,000, and 
estimate appropriations as follows: schools $6,000, poor and insane $2,100, 
current expenses $2,500, finishing road near poor farm $500, roads and bridges 
$7,000, discounts $1,200; total $28,300. The town paid for gas for Auburn 
Hall $100.92, for the bridge $105.73, and this is all we hear of public lighting. 

Mayor Littlefield in his address, March 22, 1869, gives the resources from 
orders, March 1, 1868, to March 20, 1869, as $53,262.70, deducting the selectmen's 
orders, $45,157.87, there remained $8,104.83, of which $6,000 was available. 
The City of Auburn brought much labor to its officials in the establishment 
and successful conduct of the various departments. The origin of the 
high standing of the morals of the city may perhaps be traced to this expression 
of the mayor, which voiced the mind of the community. 

The cause of nearly all the crimes committed in our state may be traced to the use of 
intoxicating liquors, and nearly all the broils and disturbances which occur in our streets 
result from the same cause. I therefore trust you will make such provision for the 
enforcement of the law for the suppression of drinking houses and tippling-houses as shall 
bring to justice all who will persist in violating the law. You cannot be too careful in the 
selection of your constables. 

Another thing is noticeable in the mayor's address, characteristic of 
Auburn's officials to the present: "It will be my duty to see that the laws of 
the state, and such by-laws and ordinances as you shall ordain, be faithfully 
and justly executed and enforced, and I certainly shall not shrink from my 
duty." 



Appropriations, 1869. — For abatements, $l,Oi)0; discounts, $1,500; books, etc., 
printing, .f;}()0; fire department, night watch, and police, $800; salaries, $2,500; con- 
tingent fund, $1,000; schools, $10,000; school-houses, $1,800; roads, bridges, and side- 
walks, $10,000; new roads, $1,000; laud damages for roads, $675; poor, $2,500; for debt, 
$4,100; interest, $7,,500; state tax, $8, .580.90; county tax, $3,271.74. 

March 31, 1869. All school districts in the city limits were consolidated. 
April 6 354 votes were cast for annexing Auburn to Lewiston to 374 against. 
May 14 ten street lamps were ordered erected. May 21 night police to be 
appointed. In June the building of school-houses in Fossville, Woodman, 



City of Auburn. 613 



Verrill, Bradbury and Plains, Trap, Brick school-house, Dillingham Hill, and 
Danville Corner sections was under discussion, and in July the issue of city bonds 
for $15,000 to purchase lots and build school-houses in North Auburn, Briggs, 
Woodman, and Danville Corner sections was authorized. Joshua L. Cham- 
berlain received 443, Franklin Smith 353, Nathan G. Hichborn 186 votes 
for governor. An order was passed, October 7, directing the building of 
a school-house at Danville Corner and one at Danville Junction. The salaries 
paid this year were: mayor, $200; auditor, !$50 ; clerk, '$150; treasurer, $200; 
clerk of common council, $40 ; assessors, $250; overseers of the poor, $100; 
street commissioner, $800 ; superintending school committee, $250. In October 
were great freshets with very high water in the rivers. 

February 28, 1870, the financial standing of the city was flattering. Receipts 
for the year previous $92,748.98, expenditures $82,587.82; liabilities $127,- 
449.10, resources $32,846.96. The debt has been reduced $15,795.65. Roads 
tell much of the prosperity of a town or city, and as indicative of the "push" 
and vigor of the city we extract from this year's report of O. D. Bailey, street 
commissioner : 

I found the roads and bridges tbroiighout the city in a very bad condition. I bave put 
tbe road from tbe village to Minot line in perfect repair, baving made at least five miles 
entirely new. I bave also put tbe Vickery bill on the river road in good repair. I bave 
made the road from the ceaietery to Little's gravel-pit entirely new, and graded and 
widened Main street very much. Also a large job on Academy and Spring streets. I bave 
graded and filled up the streets at North Auburn at quite a large expense, and made large 
repairs on tbe roads from tbe village by West to North Auburn and to East Auburn and 
on tbe river road. 

He expended $12,722.90. The chief engineer reports $1,090.88 expended 
in the fire department. He says, " We very much need another engine and 
more reservoirs." Six new school-houses — a four-roomed brick house on Pine 
street, grammar and primary houses at North Auburn, and one each at Dan- 
ville Corner, Danville Junction, and Woodman's — have been built this year, 
and extensive repairs made on "the old house at West Auburn, the grammar 
school-house on School street, and primary brick building on Academy street." 
The rapid growth of the city demands more accommodations for scholars. 
There have been sustained one high school of sixty scholars for 22 weeks, and 
34 grammar, intermediate, primary, and rural schools, with an average of 27 
weeks to each school. February 7, 1870, the citizens voted on an act to annex 
Auburn to Lewiston. The vote was 373 in favor and 530 against. March 11 
Court street bridge injured by an ice freshet. The railroad depot burned in 
May. July 14 a cyclonic wind did damage in various parts of the town. The 
Auburn Aqueduct Company build reservoirs on Golf's hill, and in June 
introduce water into the city and place the stone fountain on Main street. In 
October hand and steam fire engines were purchased and fire company 



614 History of Androscoggin County. 



authorized. October 20 a severe shock of earthquake lasting from 30 to 60 
seconds caused much excitement ; Edward Little High School, Ara Cushraan's 
factory, and other high buildings vibrated; door bells rung in various houses 
and a heavy rumbling noise was heard. November 12 -16,500 was appropriated 
to build an engine house and stable. The public schools are graded. 

Mayor Littlefield, on taking office March 1, 1871, says : " We have a funded 
debt of $101,450, payable in 12 annual installments; temporary loans yet 
unpaid, $20,618.83 ; $3,500 on the new engine house ; making the indebtedness 
of the city $125,568.83. Deducting available resources we have a debt of 
$114,768.83. ... 11 new school-houses containing 15 rooms have been built 
since the organization of the city government. The high school is in a flourish- 
ing condition, and has become one of the indispensable institutions of the city. 
. . . The bridge over the Androscoggin is entirely inadequate to the wants of 
the public, and in my judgment unsafe. . . . The fire department has been 
much improved, and, as a whole, the department is in perfect condition. 
A new engine house has been built. $7,413 has been paid for new steam fire 
engine and apparatus. The night watch and police have been paid $995.32. 
Two reservoirs have been built for engine supjjlies, one at the corner of High 
and Acadeni}^ streets, the other on Elm street near the railroad. . . . The 
number of scholars is 1,982, and the amount paid teachers the past year 
$10,578.63." 

By an amendment of the charter the city council is given authority over 
town ways and streets and to establish the grade of roads or streets. Section 1 
is amended and provides for the establishment of the police court and the 
appointment of a judge. April 18, 1871, Thomas Littlefield, Jeremiah Dingley, 
Jr, O. B. Morse, Josiah Penley, and Allison Smith were appointed to act for 
Auburn in building Court street bridge, which was completed this year. 

The mayor's address and officers' reports February 29, 1872, succinctly 
show the city's condition and progress. Mayor Littlefield, who is also street 
commissioner, speaks of the manufacturing industries as 3'et in their infancy, 
and believes in a liberal policy toward them. He says the cash resources for 
the year have been $111,957.46, and the expenditures $110,308.18. We have 
a funded debt of $133,025 and a temporary debt of $10,800, making the total 
indebtedness $143,825. Deducting the available resources, $14,438.39, the 
debt is $129,386.61. The taxes have paid the current expenses and would 
-have reduced the debt $5,210.75 had not $15,908.35 been paid for building the 
new bridge and $3,920 to repair injuries upon the highways. . . . Koak 
Block has been built and $5,000 paid to the builders for building a street 
"from the street south of C. F. Ligalls's store to the street north of Little and 
Haskell's block on Main street." A good system of sewerage is commenced, 
at a cost of $1,103.98, a large sewer made from the center of Main street to 
the river. The bridge between Auburn and Lewiston has been built at a cost 



City of Auburn. 615 



of about f40,000. The mayor commends the construction of the Lewiston and 
Auburn railroad. He expresses what has been and still is the spirit of the 
leading men of Auburn : "I deem it the duty of this city to seize upon and 
improve every opportunity to foster any enterprise that will invite to our 
midst capital and labor." Among the property owned by the city and which 
is valued at •^69,650 appear poor farm, etc. $5,000, engine lot and house |5,000, 
lot and armory -1800, Auburn Hall, etc. -120,000, fire engines, etc. $7,000, five 
school-houses "in the village" $15,000, 21 school-houses "outside the village" 
$10,500. The stone curbing, etc., for the brick sidewalk in front of the court- 
house lot have been put in place, and Pleasant, Court, and Spring streets graded 
and improved. The number of scholars is 2,025, and $13,670.88 was expended 
for schools. City Mills at Danville Junction were burned in January, 1872. 
April 11 on the question, "Shall the City of Auburn subscribe to the capital 
stock of the Lewiston and Auburn Railroad Compau}' to an amount not 
exceeding 745 shares of the par value of $100 per share, and issue bonds, etc.?" 
843 votes were cast in favor and 202 against. 

The year ending February 28, 1873, presents this financial exhibit at its 
close: Receipts $102,255.46, amounts paid out $100,623.82. The city's 
liabilities are $146,500. (Auburn has subscribed $74,400 to the Lewiston and 
Auburn lailroad, and the first assessment, $14,900, is due and included 
in the liabilities.) The net liabilities are $127,450.34, of which $22,200 
become due within a year. Roads and streets are a great ex[)ense. Mayor 
Littlefield recommends building the county road to East Auburn, alludes to 
the county road located in 1870 from Lewiston to Danville, which involved the 
building of another bridge across the Androscoggin, and asks for the adoption 
of a general plan for sewerage. March 29, 1873, the issue of the railroad 
bonds was ordered. July 9, $8,000 was appropriated for sewers on Main and 
Court streets, $22,500 for building a school-house on Spring and School streets. 
August 12 it was decided to purchase a new poor farm or rebuild the buildings 
on the old one. The 50-horse-power engine at the north end of Roak Block 
was started first on September 6th, and the machinery of Barker Mill 
September 8th. 

March 1, 1874, the net indebtedness of the city was $214,159.69. The 
treasurer's receipts for the year were $186,030.42; his expenditures $177,885.45 ; 
$16,136.89 were for schools, $8,904.70 for sewers on Main and Court streets, 
$15,391.07 for roads, and $7,500 for a new poor farm, etc. The railroad bonds 
have been sold, 95 per cent, of the amount realized, and the subscription paid 
in full. Broad street has been opened, the county road to East Auburn, and 
a road to the buildings of the Auburn Foundry and Manufacturing Company. 
July 26, 1873, the farm buildings on the city farm were struck by lightning and 
burned, with furniture, tools, hay, and provisions, and the Henry Stetson farm, 
with more convenient buildings have been purchased. The proposition made 



616 History of Androscoggin County. 



concerning the transfer of the Edward Little Institute and grounds was 
accepted. The improvement of the water-power of the Little Androscoggin 
river has rapidly increased the growth of the territory adjacent thereto, and 
the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company conveyed to the city a lot on 
which a school-house of two stories has been erected. January 3 Enoch 
Littlefield, Esq., for many years the landlord of the stage house at Littlefield's 
Corner, died. He was a very large man in size and an extensive business 
operator. April 24 an order was passed to build that portion of the lower 
bridge across the Androscoggin within the limits of Auburn, and $20,000 was 
appropriated. The bridge was built in accordance with this action. Lewiston 
and Auburn railroad was opened in July. There is great activity in sale of 
lots and in building. Sixth street chapel was built this season. 

March 1, 1875. The city has property valued at $120,625, including 
Academy park, $10,000, and new grammar school-house, etc., $32,000 acquired 
the last year. The bonded debt is $248,000, temporary debt $28,363, with 
resources of $28,065.31. The new (Broad street) bridge has cost the city 
about $25,000. There are now ten reservoirs for the fire department, and a 
fire police has been established. The last census showed 2,260 scholars in the 
city, and $17,609.47 have been paid for schools during the year. Samuel 
Stinchfield, selectman of Danville for many years, died January 28, aged 81. 
North and West Auburn Cheese Company was organized March 18. May 1, 
National Shoe and Leather Bank commenced business. Mount Auburn 
cemetery laid out this year. 

March 1, 1876. The city debt has been reduced $5,800, although the 
taxes were less. There are now 31 street lamps lighted by gasoline. May 10 
an issue of 5% bonds for $33,000 was ordered to pay the floating debt. 

March 1, 1877. The net liabilities of the city are $223,654.76, a decrease 
during the year of $23,599.81. The fire department asks for telegraph fire- 
alarm and a hook and ladder truck, and states that in addition to the steam 
fire engine and hand engine, a chemical engine is located at each of these 
points: North Auburn, West Auburn, East Auburn. Six hydrants have been 
located. October 11 the statue of Hon. Edward Little was placed in Edward 
Little High School park with appropriate ceremonies. 

March 1, 1878. The net liabilities are $228,793.50, an increase of $5,896.63, 
accounted for by the cost of two iron bridges, one over the Little Androscoggin 
river $4,278.47, and the Littlefield bridge $2,361.57. Paving Court street 
from the bridge to the court house and other road improvements bring the 
expenditure in this department to $21,353.95. The Edward Little High School 
building is in construction of brick at a cost of nearly $15,000. The expense of 
schools for the year was $15,542.05. A second trial of votes for election of 
mayor occurred March 11, 1878, when Mayor Smith (Republican) was chosen 
by 11 majority. March 16 James Peables, a soldier in the War of 1812, died. 



City of Auburn. 617 



Goff Block was built this year, and a summer hotel at Lake Auburn com- 
menced. The city building on Court street, Rolfe & Mitchell's store, and 
several dwellings were burned December 7; loss $25,000. Arrangements 
were made this year with Auburn Aqueduct Company to lay water pipes and 
furnish water along Pleasant street from Court to Elm street, through Elm to 
Main, and through Main to Laurel, and to attach six hydrants for fire purposes. 

March 1, 1879. During the past year $7,171.26 were paid for finishing 
the high school building, etc., $2,000 for reservoirs and hydrants, $901.64 
for enlarging house on poor farm, $1,150.45 for sewers, $1,481.16 for new 
roads, and $3,000 was received for insurance. The city debt is reduced to 
$218,751.47. In 1879 water pipes were laid for fire service, and Lake Auburn 
water introduced to the city. A brick engine house of two stories was built on 
Court and Spring streets. A new school-house was erected in Bunker Hill 
district. An iron bridge of 100 feet span thrown over Little Androscoggin 
river below the foundry. Auburn Aqueduct Company was authorized to 
extend a 12-inch pipe to Lake Auburn. A bell weighing 1,700 pounds was 
raised in the Court Street Free Baptist church April 29. Maine Congrega- 
tional State Conference and Universalist State Convention held their annual 
meetings here in June. Auburn Mineral Spring Company was organized. A 
great improvement was made in the Maine Central station. 

March 1, 1880. The financial condition is summed up by the mayor thus: 
Cash resources February 29, 1880, $122,828.39. The expenditures were 
$108,508.51; highways $11,762.11, street lights $997.02, schools $13,739.48, 
high school $3,426.02, fire department $1,375.13, printing $284.03, contingent 
expenses $5,151.66, night watch and police $2,011.64, new school-house 
$1,959.32, repairs $4,138.52, poor $2,969.65, new roads $6,506.42, sewers 
$550.38, building and furnishing engine house $6,786.67, paving Main street 
$2,358.03, discounts $2,933.40, abatements $1,899.53, salaries $3,465, payment 
of bonds $21,100, interest $15,094.50, leaving in treasury $14,319.88. The 
bonded debt is $257,400, the available resources $41,319.88, which leaves the 
indebtedness $216,232.66, a reduction during the j-ear of $2,515.85. The 
school-house was built near Barker mill, a bridge over Royal river near Dan- 
ville Junction, a road to Danville Junction, one from West Auburn to the 
Lake Auburn House, and work begun on the West Minot road. 

March 1, 1881. The bonded debt is $250,500, reduced the last year $6,900. 
The liabilities above cash resources are $209,637.12, $6,598.50 less than a year 
ago, and the city owns property valued at $221,830. Hydrants have been 
placed on Turner street, and an engine house built at North Auburn. Auburn 
Foundry was burned February 26. 

March 1, 1882. The assessors' valuation is $5,211,987, the number of 
polls 2,375, state tax $22,970.70, county tax $6,872.24, municipal taxes 
$73,957.13, total assessment $103,800.07. The city debt is $242,700; the 



618 History of Androscoggin County. 



liabilities above cash resources 1201,740.84, $7,896.28 less than a year before. 
The flourishing condition of the city is shown in the sale of the 4% bonds 
issued to pay bonds maturing at 4% premium. Highland avenue. Fourth, 
Seventh, Eighth, Blake, Denison, and Madison streets have been located, and 
sewers laid in High, Turner, and Union streets, and Main street bridge paved 
and repaired. A reservoir has been built on Goff hill, steam-heating apparatus 
placed in the high school building, and a school-house built at Young's Corner. 

March 1, 1883. The city debt (reduced during the municipal year $9,700) 
is $233,500, and the liabilities above cash resources are $203,856.19. $15,000 
of the 4% bonds issued and sold at a premium of 3.83%. The valuation is 
$5,245,641, polls 2,304, state tax $22,970.70, county tax $6,872.24, city taxes 
$82,162.88, total assessment $112,005.82. A contract has been made with 
Auburn Aqueduct Company for water for fire purposes, and an electric fire 
alarm system introduced, a gravel-pit purchased for $2,000, and a soldiers' 
monument erected at a cost of $5,000. The Conant road from Broad street to 
the Hackett road has been opened, Charles street located from Highland 
avenue to Goff street, and Pulsifer street from Second to Sixth street; sewers 
laid in Summer, Manley, Goff, Elm, Broad, and Sixth streets; Turner street 
from Court to Hampshire paved with granite blocks. The expense for lighting 
streets has been $1,245.57. The last report shows 3,055 school population, of 
whom 1,551 attend school. 

March 1, 1884. Mayor Sturgis says the bonded debt is $234,000 ; $114,000 
bears 6% interest and becomes due between March 1, 1884, and March 1, 1892, 
$23,500 becoming due in 1884. $65,000 bears 5% interest and becomes pay- 
able between March 1, 1887, and March 1, 1898; $55,000 bears 4% interest 
and falls due between March 1, 1900, and March 1, 1903. The total indebted- 
ness is $240,000, the net liabilities are $214,357.56. During the year $12,117.58 
was paid to the Auburn Aqueduct Company for the extension of water pipes 
for fire service. Thirty hj^drants have been set during the year at an expense 
of $2,933.24, and $1,000 was paid to the Lewiston & Auburn Horse Railroad 
Company to compensate it for laying the track to East Auburn outside of 
the ditch of the public road. These unusual expenses — $16,050.82 — have 
increased the municipal indebtedness over that of last year $10,501.25. 
Western avenue has been opened from Minot road to Merrill hill, and Northern 
avenue from Horace Goff's to the river road. Extensive improvements have 
been made on High street, Broad street hill, and on road to West Auburn. 
January 15, 1884, Auburn's first electric light was placed in position. Auburn 
Aqueduct Company increases its capital to $250,000. Dr M. B. Preble died 
in January, in Colorado. 

March 1, 1885. The bonded debt is $234,000, and net liabilities $206,866.48. 
The " Spring road " has been made during the year from the Bird place to 
Charles Holbrook's — three miles. High school building has been seriously 



City of Auburn. 619 



damaged by fire. The growth of the city and its development in every 
direction cause all departments of the government earnest work and present 
important problems for solution. June, 1885, J. B. Jones died. He was an 
active local politician and one of the prime movers in building the Andros- 
coggin Railroad. 

March 1, 1886. The net liabilities of Auburn are $213,825.13. The new 
high school building has been completed, and equals any school building in a 
city of this size in the state. The street lights have cost !iil,571.26. The 
children of school age number 2,320. In February, 1886, a storm blockade 
occurred on the Maine Central Railroad, which lasted three days. Lake Grove 
horse railroad opened to travel. The Lewiston Journal says : " Not less than 
100 houses were built in Auburn in 1886, and no less than 15 new manufact- 
uring concerns organized, including corn-canning factories, hosiery mill, 
shovel-handle factory, toothpick factory, new grist-mill, box factor}^ art 
publishing company, and minor industries." 

March 1, 1887. The bonded debt is !t!227,000 ; the Lewiston and Auburn 
railroad bonds have been paid, and Auburn receives an annual rental of S4,500 
from the Grand Trunk Railway Company. During the past year the city debt 
has been reduced $4,713.07. Main street has been paved with granite blocks 
between Elm and Academy streets. A board of trade was established. Par- 
sons's steam grist-mill was burned in March, loss $30,000. The houses were 
numbered this year, and the first postal delivery by carriers was made in July. 
Oak Hill cemetery was enlarged and improved. Auburn Drug & Chemical 
Company was incorporated. Burnham & Morrill purchased the Auburn stables 
of the Horse Railroad Company and transformed them into a canning factory. 

March 1, 1888. The bonded debt is $224,000. The net liabilities are 
$204,538.52, a reduction of $4,573.94 in the fiscal year. 29 electric lights have 
taken the place of street lamps. A loan and building association organized 
this year. The Letcisfon Journal in its annual review of 1888 says these truthful 
words : " It has been a busy year in Auburn. That much goes without saying. 
The smart and active city has done more than this ; more than simply keep 
busy. It has made apparent to the world the fact that it is growing. When 
this is made apparent, nothing can stop the appreciation of property, business, 
landed estates, stock in local concerns, value of manufactured products, extent 
of business streets, and general spread of the business of the city. In the past 
year Auburn has felt more than ever the spirit of growth, and the spirit has 
been made manifest in the rapid development, not only of the shoe business, 
but of all others. In building the city has developed quite rapidly. One fine 
new brick block has been practically completed on Main street, while two of 
the finest shoe factories in Maine or in New England have been built upon 
new laud, developing a new colony of manufacture and creating in a narrow 
limit one of the most remarkable aggregations of shoe manufacture to be found 



620 History of Androscoggin County. 

in the country. The homes that have sprung up in that city of homes are 
many and beautiful. Nearly a hundred houses have been built there the past 
year of 1888. The city has developed two flourishing companies for electric 
light and power, has developed two or three new shoe concerns and a variety 
of miscellaneous manufactures.*' 

March 1, 1889. The city has completed twenty years of existence, and is 
in the midst of a healthy progress. The question of taxation and its reduc- 
tion is a vital one, and a large space of the mayor's address is devoted to it. 
Mayor Savage also gives the indebtedness, expenditures, and permanent im- 
provements of the city during the past year. We quote : 

The indebtedness of the city February 28, 1889, was as follows: In the year ending 
March 1, 1890, $J2,0U0; iu that ending March 1, 1891, $10,000; in that ending March 1, 
1892, $13,000. Bonds bearing 5 per cent, interest now overdue $1,500; maturing in the 
year ending March 1, 1890, $5,000; in the year ending March 1, 1891, $3,000; in that 
ending March 1, 1892, $4,300; in that ending March 1, 1893, $7,200; in that ending March 
1, 1894, $16,000; in that ending March 1, 1895, $14,500; iu the year ending March 1, 1898, 
$5,000. Bonds bearing 4 per cent, interest: maturing in the year ending March 1, 1899, 
$10,000; iu the year ending March 1, 1902, $15,000; in that ending March 1, 1903, $15,000; 
iu that ending March I, 1904, .$25,000; in the year ending March 1, 1905, $23,500; by 
March 1, 1906, $15,000; by March 1, 1907, $18,000; by March 1, 1908, $10,000. Total 
amount of funded indebtedness $223,000. Resources: Cash in treasury, $557.40; note of 
Edward Slattery, $6S ; balance due on taxes, $18,600— $19,225.40. Deducting available 
resources, the municipal indebtedness remains $203,774.60. In order to show the financial 
condition of the city in a proper manner, I think there should be deducted from this 
balance, at least the face value of the stock owned by the city in the Lewiston and Auburn 
Railroad, which is $75,000. This stock differs iu many respects from ordinary municipal 
property. It is not devoted to municipal uses. It produces a stated revenue to the city. 
We receive annually on account of it, $4,500 iu cash from the Grand Trunk Railway. It 
has the features of a sinking fund. It is more than an offset to $75,000 of our funded 
indebtedness, because we receive 6 per cent, upon it, while we are paying only 4 and 5 per 
cent, on nearly the whole of our debt. Deducting this $75,000 we have $128,774.60, which 
is the real net indebtedness of the city. In addition to the items already mentioned, there 
was expended last year for repairs upon highways, $15,844.26; for high school, $5,013.46; 
for schools, $21,621.78; for support of poor, $5,488.08, of which $1,724.67 was expended 
for steam heating apparatus at the poor farm; for fire department, $2,218.46; for police 
department, $2,420.33; for street lights, $2,241.70; for gravel-pit, $1,000; for interest, 
$10,505.80; for salaries, $4,018; for repairs on school-houses, $734.54; for park, $184.43; 
and for contingent expenses, $8,090.60. As most of the work in the nature of permanent 
improvements has been done under the direction of the street commissioner I think it 
proper that I should give you au account of the more important work of last year as shown 
by his report. The Maine Central Railroad widened its Turner street bridge to the great 
advantage of all our citizens in Perry ville and beyond. Bank walls were put in and Turner 
street widened and filled at an expense of $1,518.58. There was expended for walls and 
filling on Winter street, $942.58; on French street, $425.85; for removing ledge on Second 
street, $157.50; on James street, $481.25. 2,513 feet of curbing have been set at an 
expense of $2,238.47; and 1,460 feet of flagging at an expense of $793.83. There were 
laid on Court street 1,212 yards of paving at an expense of $2,356.85, less the cost of 1,083 



City of Auburn. 621 



paviug blocks left over. There was expended $529.30 for blasting water trenches on Lake 
street and Highland avenue. The Poland Spring road was completed at an expense of 
$2,153.04; the Calvin Libby road was built, costing $750.25; and there was laid out on 
Second avenue $425.50. Sewers were built as follows : 1,249 feet on Winter street; 200 
feet on Troy street; 200 feet on School street; and 450 feet on Cook street. There were 
put in 43 catch basins. The whole expense was $2,927.88. There was received $570 in 
sewer permits. I congratulate the citizens of the city that a daily paper has been estab- 
lished here. A paper which is devoted to the interests of Auburn above all other places 
cannot fail to be of great service to this community. I must not omit to refer to the recent 
arrangement entered into by the city and the Franklin Company, whereby all that section 
of the city north of Court street and east of Turner street, now owned by the Franklin 
Company, will in the immediate future be opened for business purposes. The need of more 
room has been felt for a long time, and I believe this addition of "work room," almost in 
the heart of the city, will do much to promote its growth and wealth. 

The city owns property valued at $217,590. Among the items are 175,000 
in railroad stock; high school building and park |30,000; Auburn Hall, 
etc., '120,000; grammar school-house, lot, etc., 125,000; 24 school-houses 
in the country, -$11,000; 6 in the city proper, $12,000; poor farm, stock, etc., 
$12,000 ; steam fire engine, hose, etc., $5,000 ; engine houses and lots, $9,000. 

March 1, 1890. In his address Mayor Savage says: "The municipal year 
just closed has been a prosperous one for the city in nearly every particular. 
We have been visited by neither pestilence nor misfortune ; general good 
health has prevailed ; our laboring men have been well employed, and ready 
markets have been had for those things which we grow upon our farms and 
manufacture in our shops. New industries have come among us, and new 
fields for investment have been found for local capital which had not before that 
time been employed in business." The city indebtedness has been decreased 
during the last year $11,927.30, leaving the net bonded liabilities, $191,847.30. 
The city has now 7^ miles of sewers. The sewer on Hampshire street was 
rebuilt at an expense of $7,027.88 ; sewers were built on Minot avenue and 
Washington street, and an outlet made for them by laying a sewer from Minot 
avenue to Little Androscoggin river; 6,594 feet were laid in all at an expense 
of $11,998.14. Washington street extension to Court street was opened and 
built at a cost of $943.59, Knight street at a cost of $292.94, and improve- 
ments on Second avenue costing $838.82. The city laid 980 feet of curbing 
for sidewalks, 784 feet of flagging, built a stone culvert under Goff street 
extension, and much improved Western Promenade. The city now contains 
232 miles of streets and roads ; 45 miles of sidewalks (2f miles being of brick). 
The receipts of the post-office for the quarter ending December 31 were 
$4,154.28. 

March 15,1891. Mayor Savage says in his inaugural address: "It has 
been the aim of Auburn city governments in times gone b}^ to provide not 
only for the needs of the city for the time being, but by a wise foresight to 



622 



History of Androscoggin County. 



anticipate its future necessities, and b}^ the judicious expenditure of money in 
public and permanent improvements, to enable our beloved city to keep pace 
with municipal progress elsewhere, and invite men of ability and men of means 
to make their residence among us. In this our city has been successful. So 
far as those elements go which tend to permanent development and solid pros- 
perity Auburn is to-day beyond all others the growing city of the state of 
Maine ; and it is with pride that we look back to the development accomplished 
by our citizens in the last twenty years." From this address we take the 
following appropriations, receipts, and expenditures for 1890: 





Appropriations. 


Total Receipts. 


Expenditures. 


Overdrawn. 


State tax. 


$14,046 %1 


$14,046 67 


$14,046 67 




County tax, 


7,853 98 


7,853 98 


7,853 98 




Highways, 


15,000 00 


15,176 


75 


18,852 95 


$3,676 20 


Contingent, 


4,000 00 


14,286 


42 


17,796 04 


3,489 59 


Schools, 


16,500 00 


22,722 


01 


21,725 05 




High school. 


4,000 00 


4,530 


00 


4,615 98 


85 98 


Fire department, 


4,500 00 


4,500 


00 


4,589 39 


85 39 


Police, 


2,500 00 


2,508 


00 


2,633 64 


125 64 


Street lights. 


3,000 00 


3,000 


00 


2,964 78 




Poor, 


4,150 00 


5,110 


06 


5,438 38 


328 32 


Park, 


150 00 


158 


00 


228 29 


70 29 


New school-houses, 


2,500 00 


2,500 


00 


3,147 50 


647 50 


Sewers, 


3,. 500 00 


4,530 


30 


4,220 06 




Permanent improvements, 4,000 00 


4,000 


00 


5,.308 69 


1,308 69 


New roads, 


1,000 00 


1 ,000 


00 


1,412 44 


412 44 


City debt, 




23,000 


00 


23,000 00 




Interest account, 


10,000 00 


10,000 


00 


9,870 29 




Paving, 


7,000 00 


7,000 


00 


6,400 11 




Repair on school-houses, 600 00 


600 


00 


480 21 




Gravel-pit, 


4,500 00 


6,900 


00 


4,500 00 




Salaries, 


2,765 00 


2,765 


00 


2,765 00 




Abatements, 


1,500 00 


1,500 


00 


2,065 18 


565 18 


Discount on taxes. 


4,000 00 


4,000 


00 


4,339 15 
$168,349 77 


439 15 




$117,065 65 


$161,706 92 


$11,234 37 


Total balance, 


$4, 591. .52. Net amount overdr; 


xwn is $6,642,85. 





The highway appropriation was overdrawn by reason of unforeseen expendi- 
tures. Owing to unusually heavy snow-storms the expenses of the street 
department in December, 1890, and January and February, 1891, were |5,200, 
instead of the 13,000 usually adequate. New railings were built by the side of 
the road in many places at an expense of -11,520.30. Goff and Hampshire 
streets and Highland avenue had $410.80 of labor done ; ledge work at East 
Auburn cost -1175.88, and Sixth street grading cost -1157.60. All these were 
charged to highway appropriations. After the appropriations had been made 
the city council voted to build a bridge upon the Dennison street extension, at 



City of Auburn. 623 



the location which had been accepted by the city council for the year 1889, and 
to charge the expense of the same to the appropriation for contingent expenses. 
The entire cost of this bridge, including masonry, filling, etc., was -17,474.44. 
This bridge fills a long-felt public want, and the large use of it made by our 
citizens from the day it was opened has proved the wisdom of those who urged 
us to undertake and complete the work. The bridge is iron, 300 feet long, 
with a roadway 24 feet wide, and five-foot sidewalks on either side. There are 
six spans, 50 feet apart, each having three columns. During the year sewers 
have been constructed upon Summer, Troy, School, Broad, Seventh, Newbury, 
Washington, Goff, and Charles streets, in all 3,255 feet, at an expense of 
i3,872.09. Under the sewer act, adopted by the city council in 1889, munic- 
ipal officers for the last year assessed sewer benefits upon various lots and 
parcels of land, to the amount of $1,213.25. There was charged to the appro- 
priation for permanent improvements $2,131.90 for bank wall and filling on 
Minot avenue; $226.37 for bank wall and filling on Western Promenade; and 
$468.30 for bank wall and filling on Washington street. The city set 2,800 
feet of curbing for sidewalks, at a cost of $1,930, and laid 700 feet of flagging, 
at a cost of $552.12. Court street was paved from Spring street to Union 
street, at an expense of $6,400.11. This is a very valuable addition to the 
paving in Auburn streets and the Maine Central Railroad has paved a large 
portion of the station grounds. A handsome school building was built on 
Auburn Heights. Various industries have been either established or are being 
discussed, and Auburn socially has been wide-awake. A public library fund 
of over $10,000 has been raised and a lot donated by the Franklin Company 
for a new library building. Streets have been opened, and the general growth 
of the city has been healthy and unforced. 

Indebtedness of Auburn, February 28, 1891. — For outstanding bonds bearing interest at 
six per cent, due as follows: In the year ending March 1, 1892, $1 .'3,000. Bonds bearing 
interest at five per cent, due as follows: 1892, $4,300; 1893, $7,200; 1894, $16,000; 1895, 
$14,500; 1698, $5,000. Bonds bearing interest at four per cent, due as follows: 1899, 
$10,000; 1902, $15,000: 190.3, $15,000; 1904, $25,000; 1905, $23,.500; 1906, $15,000; 1907, 
$18,000; 1908, $10,000; 1909, $14,000; 1910, $13,000. Total funded indebtedness, .$218,- 
500. Besoiirces — Uncollected taxes, 1889, 1890, $22,139.28; sewer assessments unpaid, 
$1,658.25; Slattery note, $6S; casb in treasury, $1,084.70; total, $24,950.23. Balance 
municipal indebtedness after deducting available resources, $193,549.77; balance muni- 
cipal indebtedness February 28, 1890, $191,847.30. 

Action in the ReheUion. — April 27, 1861, a committee was chosen to provide 
for soldiers' families, and voted to raise $5,000 for a fund. This committee 
was continued until the close of the war, various persons giving their services. 
April 5, 1862, voted to hire $1,500 as a relief fund. July 21 voted to pay 
$100 to each volunteer accepted on the quota of 45 men required under the 
call for 300,000 men, and the selectmen were authorized to borrow this money. 



624 History of Androscoggin County. 



August 22 voted to pay ilOO to each volunteer accepted before September 3, 
on the quota of 64 men under the Last call of 300,000 men. September 1 
voted to raise $50 by subscription for each man who shall enlist to fill the 
quota. This was annulled two days later, and the town voted to pay -150 in 
addition to the $100 previously voted. November 22 voted |!l,000 more for 
family relief fund for three years' men. March 9, 1863, voted |2,000 for 
soldiers' families. July 29 voted to pay each drafted man serving himself or 
by substitute 18.33 per month while in service. November 9 voted to offer 
a bounty of |200 to each volunteer to fill the quota under the call of October, 

1863. December 8 appropriated $6,000 to promote enlistments. August 20, 

1864, voted to advance and pay the $300 authorized by the state, and August 
29 to pay $200 to each man enlisting or furnishing substitute before September 
5. December 10 voted to pay bounties discretionary with the selectmen, and 
to bond the town for $5,000 for this purpose. March 4, 1865, voted to raise 
$8,000 to enable the town to fill its quota, and March 13 to raise $4,000 for 
support of soldiers' families. April 12 voted to raise by loan $5,000 to defray 
the expense of filling the present quota. March 12, 1866, the selectmen and 
treasurer are authorized to borrow $1,000 to pay state aid to soldiers' families. 
Auburn furnished 434 men for the army and seven for the navy. 15 were 
drafted, of whom 4 entered the service, 4 provided substitutes, and 7 paid $300 
commutation. The town i)aid $62,365 in soldiers' bounties and $2,376.91 in 
other war expenses. 

Civil List. — Toion of Auburn. 1842 — Elislia Stetson, Daniel Briggs, Stephen Packard, selectmen; 
Thomas B. Little, clerk. 1843 — Enoch Littlefield, George Ricker, Jr, Thomas J. Howard, selectmen; 
Thomas B. Little, clerk. 1844 — Enoch Littlefield, Thomas J. Howard, Charles Briggs, selectmen; 
Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1845, 184G — Nathaniel Small, Harvey Dillingham, John Downing, Jr, 
selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1847 — Nathaniel Small, Thomas J. Howard, Harvey Dilling- 
ham, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1848 — Thomas J. Howard, Daniel Briggs, William 
Banks, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1840, 1850 — Timothy Bailey, Hiram C. Briggs, David 
Strout, selectmen; John C. Briggs, clerk. 1851 — Daniel Briggs, Rufns Penley, Timothy Bailey, 
selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1852 — Daniel Briggs, William S. Young, George Ricker, Jr, 
selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1853 — Thomas Littlefield, Thomas J. Howard, James S. Nash, 
selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1854 — Thomas Littlefield, Thomas J.Howard, James S.Nash, 
selectmen; John C. Briggs, clerk. 1855 — Jeremiah Dingley, Hiram C. Briggs, James S. Nash, 
selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1856, 1857— Thomas Littlefield, Hiram C. Briggs, John R. 
Merrill, selectmen; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1858 — Thomas Littlefield, Lewis Philips, Peter Noyes, 
selectmen; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1859 — Thomas Littlefield, George Ricker, Timothy Bailey, select- 
men; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1860 — Thomas Littlefield, George Ricker, Timothy Bailey, .selectmen; 
A. L. Merrill, clerk. 1861 — Thomas Littlefield, Samuel D. Harris, Seth P. Miller, selectmen; Richard 
Dresser, clerk. 1862, 1863 — Thomas Littlefield, Samuel D. Harris, Josiah W. Littlefield, selectmen; 
Richard Dresser, clerk. 1864 — Thomas Littlefield, Nelson Dingley, Harvey Dillingham, selectmen; 
Richard Dresser, clerk. 1865 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Joel S. Cobb, selectmen; Richard 
Dresser, clerk. 1866, 1867 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Prentiss M. Woodman, selectmen; 
Richard Dresser, clerk. 1868 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Prentiss M. Woodman, selectmen ; 
George S. Woodman, clerk. 

CITY GOVERNMENTS. 1869 — Mayor. Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, Wm H. 
Keith; Ward 2, P. M. Woodman; Ward 3, Daniel P. Atwood; Ward 4, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr; Ward 
5, Daniel Field. City Clerk, Geo. S. Woodman. Common Council, Ward 1, H. C. Briggs, Alex. 



City of Auburn. 625 



Stinson, E. P. Crafts; Ward 2, Silas Sprague, Nathan Briggs, Ezekiel Eveleth; Ward 3, S. P. Miller, 

0. B. Morse, Wm B. Merrill; Ward 4, E. T. Luce, W. S. Young, John F. Cobb; Ward 5, A. C. Pray, 
Geo. W. Bailey, A. J. Verrill. 

1870 — Mayor, Setli P. Miller. Aldermen, Ward 1, Hiram C. Briggs; Ward 2, Prentiss M. 
Woodman; Ward 3, John W. Perkins; Ward 4, James Wagg; Ward 5, Almon C. Pray. City Clerk, 
George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, William B. Merrill; Clerk, William M. Harris; 
Ward 1, John M. Perry, Benjamin Conant, Alvan Waterman; Ward 2, Ezekiel Eveleth, Charles 
S. Emerson, James White; Ward 3, William P>. Merrill, Albert Young, Oren B. Morse; Ward 4, 
Oren S. Libby, Hannibal R. Smith, Increase B. Kimball; Ward 5, Charles Dunn, Nathaniel G. 
Sturgis, Andrew (1. Haskell. 

1871 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Silas Sprague; 
Ward 3, John W. Perkins; Ward 4, James S. Bobbins; Ward 5, Almon C. Pray. City Clerk, George 
S. Woodman. Common Council, President, Charles Dunn; Clerk, VV^illiam M. Harris; Ward 1, 
Alonzo Crafts, Benjamin Conant, Harrison O. Whitman; Ward 2, Josiah Penley, Silvester Oakes, 
Frank Bartlett; Ward 3, Oren B. Morse, Ansel L Lombard, Wm M. Chamberlin; Ward 4, J. W. 
Peables, Rufus Penley, Frank E. Young; Ward 5, Charles Dunn, Samuel Emerson, Charles O. Martin. 

1872 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, John M. Perry; Ward 2, Hannibal R. 
Smith; Ward 3, Oren B. Morse; Ward 4, James Dingley; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, George 
S. Woodman. Common Council, Prpsident, Richard Dresser; Clerk, William M. Harris; Ward 1, 
Zibeon Crafts, George H. Dilljnghara, Ira T. Waterman; Ward 2, Frank Bartlett, Edward W. Gross, 
Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, Ansel L. Lombard, William B. Merrill, William M. Chamberlin; Ward 
4, James Wagg, William S. Young, Richard Dresser; Ward 5, George W. Bailey, James L. Martin, 
Alden J. Verrill. 

1873— Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, John M. Perry; Ward 2, Frank Bartlett; 
Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Francis M. Jordan; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, George S. 
Woodman. Common Council, President, Benjamin F. Sturgis; CTerA-, Murray B.Watson; Ward 1. 
Zibeon Crafts, George H. Dillingham, Alvan Waterman; Ward 2, Edward W. Gross, Benjamin F. 
Sturgis, A. J. Coburn; Ward 3, Ansel L. Lombard, James O. Foss, William M. Chamberlin; Ward 4, 
Benjamin F. Briggs, William S. Young, Oren T. Libby; Ward .5, Thomas J. Freeman, William D. 
Adams, William D. Brewster. 

1874 — Mayok, Thomas Littlefield; Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Joseph Little- 
field; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4. Francis M. Jordan; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, 
George S. Woodman. Common Covscii,, President, Wva.YL.'K.eith; CVp?-^-, Murray B. Watson; Ward 

1, Alvan Waterman, William H. Keith, Joseph Q. Edmonds; Ward 2, A. J. Coburn, Ezekiel Eveleth, 
John Rolfe; Ward 3, John C. Symmes, B. C. Keen, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, Edward A. Little, W. S. 
Rogers, Jacob Larrabee; Ward 5, Thomas J. Freeman, George W. Bailey, Dexter W. Verrill. 

1875— Mayor, James Dingley. Aldermen, Ward 1, Fred A. Allen; Ward 2, Hannibal R. Smith; 
Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, John F. Cobb; Ward 5, Dexter W. Verrill. City Clerk, George S. 
Woodman. Common Council, President, William P. Bearce; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, 
Charles K. Packard, Richard Hutchinson, S. H. Stockman; Ward 2, William P. Bearce, Dana Goff, 
Samuel F. Merrill; Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss, B. C. Keen, Abram Atwood; Ward 4, Isaac Haskell, 
Andrew M. Peables, Rufus Penley; Ward 5, George E. Strout, Leonard Hicks, Benjamin A. Rideout. 

1876— Mayor, James Dingley. Aldermen, Ward 1, Fred A. Allen; Ward 2, William P. Bearce; 
Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, William W. Bolster; Ward 5, Ether S. Paul. City Clerk, George S. 
Woodman. Common Council, President, George E. Strout; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, 
Alden B. Crafts, George H. A. Bradbury, Milburn Furbish; Ward 2, Almon L. Goss, Benjamin F. 
Sturgis, Charles S.Emerson; Ward 3, Abram Atwood, B. C. Keen, John B. Jordan; Waril 4, J. 
Dingley, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, Everett W. Burgess; Ward 5, Leonard Hicks, George E. Strout, 
Benjamin A. Rideout. 

1877 —Mayor, Hannibal R. Smith. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Benjamin F. 
Sturgis; Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, William W. Bolster; Ward 5, Freedom Haskell. City Clerk, 
George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, John B. Jordan; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; 
Ward 1, Charles A. Kinsley, George A. H. Bradbury, H. O. Whitman; Ward 2, Almon L. Goss, 
Thomas Littlefield, William P. Bearce; Ward 3, John B. Jordan, Jabez H. Merrill, Charles E. Smith, 
Ward 4, J. Dingley, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, Everett W. Burgess; Ward .5, N. H. Woodbury, Dexter W. 
Verrill, Charles Flagg. 

1878— Mayor, Hannibal R. Smith. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Ezekiel 
Eveleth; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Nathaniel I. Jordan; Ward 5, George W. Wagg. City 



626 History of Androscoggin County. 



Clerk, George S. "Woodman. Common Council, President, Augustus M. Pulsifer; Cleric, Murray B, 
Watson; Ward 1, Charles H. Record, Joseph E. Metcalf, Herbert S. Whitman; AVard 2, Thomas 
Littlefield, Joshua W. Beede, Daniel Lara; Ward 3, Jabez H. Merrill, John Pickard, Wallace K. 
Oakes; Ward 4, Calvin S. Libby, James W. Peables, Augustus M. Pulsifer; Ward 5, N. H. Woodbury, 
Charles C. Rowe, David S. Whitehouse. 

1879 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, President, Seth P. Miller; Ward 1, Charles H. 
Record; Ward 2, Ezekiel Eveleth; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Nathaniel I. Jordan; Ward 5, 
George W. Wagg. Cit^j Clerk, Henry M. Sprague. Common Council, President, Wallace K. Oakes. 
Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Royal J. Bradbury, Edward W. Bird, Herbert S. Whitman; Ward 
2, Daniel Lara, John Stinson, H. R. Bisbee; Ward 3, John Pickard, Wallace K. Oakes, Henry Willis; 
Ward 4, James AV. Peables, Isaac Haskell, J. T. W. Stinchfleld; AVard 5, Charles Thur.ston, (reorge AV. 
AVoodbury, David S. AVhitehouse. 

1880 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldebmen, Prenldent, Edwin T. Gile; AVard 1, J. E. Metcalf; 
Ward 2, Edwin T. Gile; AVard 3, Jabez H. Merrill; AVard 4, Benjamin F. Briggs; AA^ard 5, Moses 
Crafts. City Clerk, Henry M. Sprague. Common Council, President, Ebenezer Jordan; Clerk, Alton 
J. Shaw; AVard 1, E. AV. Bird, Charles H. Record, AV. F. Munroe; AVard 2, H. R. Bisbee, H. B. 
Sawyer, Joseph Goss; AVard 3, AVilliam A. Robinson, John F. Clifford, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 4, 
Albert M. Penley, Horatio B. Pulsifer, Ebenezer Jordan; AVard 5, Charles Thurston, Daniel H. 
Rendall, Samuel Farnham. 

1881 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, Horatio B. Pulsifer; Ward 1, Lucius 
C.Dunham; AVard 2, Joseph Goss; Ward 3, Jabez H. Merrill; Ward 4, Horatio B. Pulsifer; Ward 5, 
John Stinson. City Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Nathan AV. Harris; Clerk, 
Alton J. Shaw; AVard 1, Joseph Q. Edmonds, J. P. Garcelon, Francis Packard; Ward 2, David P. 
Field, Horatio B. Sawyer, Edwin O. Wells; Ward 3, William A. Robinson, John F. Clifford, Nathan 
W. Harris; AVard 4, John AV. May, Edson G. Spofford, AVinfield S. Larrabee; AVard 5, Algernon M. 
Roak, George AV. AVagg, Isaiah V. McKenuey. 

1882 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, George AV. AVagg; AVard 1, AV. F. 
Munroe; AVard 2, Daniel Lara; AVard 3, N. AV. Harris; Ward 4, E. G. Spofford; AVard 5, George AV. 
AVagg. City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, AVilliam A. Robinson; Clerk, Fred 
O. AVatson; AVard 1, Francis Packard, J. P. Garcelon, AVilliam H. Briggs; AVard 2, David P. Field, 
Edwin O. AVells, Charles AV. Campbell; AVard 3, AVm A. Robinson, B. F. Teague, Edmund Libby; 
AVard 4, A. M. Penley, L. AV. Haskell, John T. AV. Stinchfield; AVard 5, D. AV. Kinsley, S. R. 
Robinson, S. S. Merrill. 

1883 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 1, Harrison 
O. AVhitman; AVard 2, David P. Field; AVard 3, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 4, Lewis AV. Haskell; AVard 
5, George AV. AVagg. City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Charles AV. Campbell; 
Clerk, Fred O. AVatson; AVard 1, AVilliam H. Briggs, Seth Briggs, Fred AV. Hutchinson; AVard 2, 
Charles AV. Campbell, Thomas Littlefield, George AV. Curtis; AVard 3, Benjamin F. Teague, Edmund 
Libby, Henry AV. Oakes; AVard 4, N. C. Estes, Solomon Larrabee, Albert Jordan; AVard 5, Samuel R. 
Robinson, Royal M. Mason, Charles E. Marvel. 

1884 — Mayor, Benjamin F. Sturgis. Aldermen, President, David P. Field; AVard 1, Harrison O. 
AVhitman; AVard 2, David P. Field; AVard 3, Edmund Libby; AVard 4, Albert M. Penley; AVard 5, 
Samuel R. Robinson. C«7?/ C7e/'^, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Ansel Briggs; Clerk, 
Fred O. AVatson; AVard 1, Seth Briggs, Fred AV. Hutchinson, Ansel Briggs; AVard 2, George AV. Curtis, 
Benjamin F. Beals, Horace Goff; AVard 3, Henry AV. Oakes, N. M. Neal, John N. Foster; AVard 4, 
Henry Lowell, Frank A. Haskell, Charles A. Jordan; AVard 5, Charles E. Marvel, Stephen S. Merrill, 
Delance Young. 

1885 — Mayor, Lewis AV. Haskell. Aldermen, President, Ansel Briggs; AVard 1, Ansel Briggs; 
AVard 2, George AV. Curtis; AVard 3, A. P. Lamb; AVard 4, C. A. Jordan; AVard 5, Albert A. Young. 
City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, John N. Foster; AVard 1, E. S. Crafts, H. N . 
Johnson, J.AVesley Ricker; AVard 2, B. F. Beals, James AVhite, James L. Lowell; AVard 3, N. M. 
Neal, John N. Foster, AV. F. Lord; AVard 4, C. S. Bond, G. M. Atkins, F. G. Vickery; AVard 5, Charles 
H. Stevens, Stephen S. Merrill, Peter M. Austin; Clerk, Fred O. AVatson. 

188() — Mayor, Lewis AV. Haskell. Aldermen, President, A. P. Lamb; AVard 1, Ansel Briggs; 
AVard 2; Isaac AV. Harris; AVard 3, A. P. Lamb; AVard 4, G. M. Atkins; AVard 5, Albert A. Young. 
City Clerk, Rodney F. Foss. Common Council, President, Charles S. Yeaton; AVard 1, H. N. John- 
son, J. AV. Ricker, Stafford B. Jones; AVard 2, John T. Hale, Charles S. Yeaton, Charles H. Parker; 
AVard 3, Charles E. Libby, George E. Bisbee, P. M. Bickford; AVard 4, S. K. Ballard, A. AV. Miller, 
AV. S. Larrabee; AVard 5, Josiah AV. Littlefield, V. P. Buck, P. xM. Austin; Clerk, C. C. Jordan. 



City of Auburn. 627 



1887 — Mayor, Albert M. Penley. Aldermen, Pre.tldent, John N. Foster; Ward 1, J. W. Ricker; 
Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John N. Foster; Ward 4, H. C. Day; Ward 5, James L. Martin 
Citj/ Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, N. M. Neal; Ward 1, H. N. Johnson, George 
F. Rollins, Stafford B. Jones; Ward 2, John T. Hale, James L. Lowell, Herbert L. Foss; Ward 3, 
J. E. Tibbetts, E. G. Heath, Seth Manley; Ward 4, James Dingley, A. C. Snow, Lanrent Laberge; 
Ward 5, N. M. Neal, F. R. Rounds, H. L. Haskell; Clerk, John H. Neal. 

1888 — Mayor, Albert M. Penley. Aldermen, President, John N. Foster; Ward 1, Horace N. 
Johnson; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John N. Foster; Ward 4, Horace C. Day; Ward 5, 
James L. Martin. Citif Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, N. M. Neal; Ward 1, 
S. B. Jones, George F. Rollins, Dana B. Holmes; Ward 2, Herbert L. Foss, D. B. Stevens, R. S. Brad- 
bury; Ward 3, John E. Tibbetts, E. G. Heath, Seth Manley; Ward 4, A. C. Snow, Lanrent Laberge, 
Charles E. Greenleaf; Ward 5, N. M. Neal, Harry L. Haskell. Charles Stackpole; Clerk, John H. Neal. 

1889 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, Benjamin F. Sturgis, M.D.; Ward 1, 
Stafford B. Jones; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John E. Tibbetts; Ward 4, P. H. Kelleher; 
Ward 5, Harry L. Haskell. Cily Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, T. E. Eustis; 
Ward 1, Dana B. Holmes, Charles F. Curtis, Daniel W. Kinsley; Ward 2, Russell S. Bradbury, 
Herbert L. Fo.ss, Daniel B. Stevens; Ward 3, T. Everett Eustis, Raymond Toothaker, Charles W. 
Dexter; Ward 4, Charles E. Greenleaf, L. O. Brackett, Thomas Marsden; Ward 5, Samuel B. Smith, 
Frank ^Martin, Charles Stackpole; Clerk, George E. McCann. 

1800 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, T E. Eustis; Ward 1, Dana B. Holmes; 
Ward 2, Winchester G. Lowell; Ward 3,T. Everett Eustis; Ward 4, I. N. Haskell; Ward 5, Harry L. 
Haskell. Cit;/ Clerk, George G. Gifford. Common Council, President, George E. McCann; Ward 1, 
Daniel W. Kinsley, Charles F. Curtis, Thomas Dillingham; Ward 2, Charles H. Briggs, George E. 
Davis, James M. Stevens; Ward 3, Raymond Toothaker, Charles W. Dexter, Henry H. Hanson; Ward 
4, George E. McCann, Orrel F. Brown, J:dmund H. Soper; Ward 5, Samuel B. Smith, Isaiah V. 
McKeimey, Elbridge G. Robinson; (Jlcrk, J. H. Neal. 

1891 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, T. E. Eustis; Ward 1, Daniel W. Kinsley; 
Ward 2, Winchester G. Lowell; Ward 3, T. Everett Eustis; Ward 4, I. N. Haskell; Ward 5, Samuel 
B. Smith. City Clerk, George G. Gifford. Common Council, President, Charles F. Curtis; Ward 1, 
Charles F. Curtis, Roland S. Woodward, Wellington D. Curtis; Ward 2, Charles H. Briggs, George E. 
Davis, James M. Stevens; Ward 3, Henry H. Hanson, Henry W. Cakes, E. H. Hutchins; Ward 4, A. 
A. Garcelon, John P. Auger, Edmund H. Soper; Ward 5, Elbridge G. Robinson, Samuel S. Ashworth, 
Charles E. Marvel; Clerk, J. H. Neal; Treasurer, George E. McCann. 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



Early Shoe JMaiuiracturing — Pi-ogres-s ffam 1860 to 1870 — Manufactiirei-s Twenty Years 
Ago — Statistics fi-om 1871 to I88I — Mannfactufers Ten Years Ago— From 1881 to 1891 — 
Shoe and Other Manufactories, January, 1891 — The Sl)oe Companies — Other Manufact- 
uring — ISIinor Industries, etc. 

AUBURN is the shoe city of Maine, and here was the first attempt made in 
tlie state to develop shoe manufacturing as now conducted. A charter 
was granted by the legislature to the Minot Shoe Company, organized at 
West Auburn, January 2, 1885, with a capital first of -$5,000, but soon made 
<|10,000, and with Asaph Howard, Martin Crafts, Charles Briggs, Gershom B. 
Holmes, Benjamin Johnson, Timothy Bailey, Eliphalet Packard, Nehemiah 
Packard, George Ricker, Austin Kingsley, William Ladd, and others as stock- 
holders. Asaph Howard, president ; Eliphalet Packard, clerk and treasurer ; 



628 . History op Androscoggin County. 



Charles Briggs and Nehemiah Packard, directors. Work was begun in the 
dwelling of Mr Crafts in May, 1836, Moses Crafts helping cut the first case ; 
in November a shop was completed, and the manufacturing removed thither. 
A o-ood quality of work was made, but the character of goods required to suit 
a general market and the proper method to make soles do not appear to have 
been understood. In the first two years of operation a large amount of work 
accumulated, and in anticipation of an early sale of the goods a dividend of 
13 per cent, was declared, for which the company gave notes. The third year 
was unprofitable and no dividend was declared. David Green, of Auburn, 
then became agent, and while on business for the company embarked on the 
steamer Lexington on the trip on which it was burned, and was found frozen 
to death in a small boat that drifted to the shore. Jacob H. Roah, a son of 
Martin Rourk, of Durham, who had conducted a boot and shoe store at Goff's 
Corner since 1835, succeeded Mr Green as agent, and a year later bought the 
stock at less than one-eighth of its par value. Notwithstanding the ill luck, 
some of the pioneers continued to manufacture, others followed their example ; 
the demands of the market as to kind and quality of goods came to be under- 
stood, and the result has been the phenomenal growth of Auburn's shoe 
industry, and a development through its means of a wealthy city of nearly 
12,000 population. Jacob H. Roak from 1810 gave his energy to the upbuilding 
of this important industry, and was the promoter of many of Auburn's leading 
business interests. 

J. H. Roak & Co. (E. F. Packard, Samuel Pickard) commenced manu- 
facturing in 1847 on the site of Phcenix Block. Mr Packard was son of Gen. 
Eliphalet Packard, an early pioneer in the Southern shoe market and a stock- 
holder in the Minot Shoe Company. This firm at first made men's coarse work 
for New England country trade. The factory was burned in 1855 and re-estab- 
lished in Phoenix Block as Roak, Packard & Co. Later Mr Packard bought 
Mr Roak's interest, and in 1804 B. F. Briggs became partner in the firm of 
E. F. Packard & Co. In 1873 the brick factory on Railroad square of 122x40 
feet, with five floors, was built. Steam furnished both power and heat. The 
firm this year produced 6,000 pairs of shoes weekly of goods for Southern and 
Western trade. Frank H. Packard became a member in 1874. Over 200 
operatives were employed, and the weekly product was 9,000 pairs. In 1879 
Frank H. Briggs was one of the firm. In 1882 the business was discontinued. 

James Munroe & Co. In 1843 C. S. Packard and Noble N. Munroe 
purchased the interest of Jacob H. Roak in the busniess at West Auburn, and 
commenced operations as Packard & Munroe. In 1846 James Munroe became 
partner, and the firm name of C. S. Packard & Co. was assumed, which, upon 
the retirement of Mr Packard, became James Munroe & Co. Nelson H. 
Munroe was soon taken into the firm, and, five years later, was succeeded by 
H. M, Packard. A business of large proportions was developed, which, under 



City of Auburn. 629 



the names of James Munroe & Co. and Munroe Manufacturing Co., continued 
without change until the death of Noble N. Munroe in ISSG. The shoe man- 
ufacturing was discontinued, however, in 1880, having been in constant opera- 
tion for 30 years, except two months in 1861, when preparations were going on 
for war. The business was in its greatest prosperity from 1865 to 1875, but 
was ever conducted in a thrifty way and to the prosperity of the community. 
During the whole course of business every dollar of indebtedness was met by 
payments in full. Mr James Munroe resides at West Auburn and is one of 
the wealthiest men of the city. 

At first manufacturing was done in a })rimitive manner, and the product 
was a coarse, heavy article. The work was cut out by the manufacturer, aided 
sometimes by a "cutter " or two, in a small room or shop, and then sent to the 
dwellings of the community, where the men and women worked at bottoming, 
stitching, etc. Everything was done by hand ; no labor-saving machinery 
being introduced until about 1850. With the introduction of machinery and 
the making of a finer class of goods, a more S3'stematic method of manufacture 
came into operation. Factories were built where the labor was done under the 
careful supervision of competent overseers, and by the aid of machinery run 
by steam-power. This factory system was generally adopted by 1870, though 
some of the work was still "farmed out." From that time the tendency has 
been towards large shops fitted with modern accessories of science, steam-power 
and heat, gas and electricity for light, elevators, etc., for the more easy hand- 
ling of materials and products. The development of Lewiston Falls, with the 
facility for shipment afforded by the railroad caused the shoe manufacturers 
to largely locate there, and from 1860 to 1870 the population of that part of 
Auburn lying within four miles of Court street bridge nearly doubled. This 
was largely due to shoe manufacturing and the business it created. In 1865 
this manufacturing amounted to 11,000,000 annually, paying for labor §300,000, 
excise tax -160,000, freight -130,000, stock -f 520,000, and producing 600,000 pairs 
of shoes. From the incorporation of Auburn as a city this industry has been 
the one overshadowing all others. General business improved with the 
progress of the shoe business. Real estate brought higher prices. There was 
a brisk demand for building lots, an influx of a good class of citizens, a rapid 
and solid growth, and the new city attained prominence for its activity, push, 
and amount of business done. According to statistics carefull}^ compiled by 
the Lewiston Journal, in 1871 the total manufacturing capital was -^1,900,000, 
of which -tl, 300,000 was used in the shoe business, and only -1550,000 was 
corporate capital. The number of shoe factories was 21. These used 3,000,000 
pounds of leather, made over 2,367,000 pairs of shoes, valued at $2,377,000, 
and employed 2,137 operatives, with an annual pay-roll of $554,600. The 
total amount of manufacturing of Auburn in 1871 was -$3,071,000, and the 
aggregate pay-roll $621,600. 



630 History of Androscoggin County. 



Manufacturers Twenty Years Ago. In 1871 the shoe manufact- 
urers were Ara Cu.'<hman ^- Co. (Court street), enipk)yiug 650 hands, producing 
500 cases a week; B. F. Packard ^ Co. (Phoenix Block), 300 hands, 100 cases 
a week; Jamen Munroe <f Co. (West Auburn), 300 hands, 100 cases weekly; 
Hoses Crafts ^ Co. (Railroad square), 100 hands, 60 cases weekly; Little, 
Smith <f Co. (Phoenix Block), 78 hands, 30 cases weekly; J. H. Roak ^ Co. 
(Phoenix Block), 61 hands, 1,200 cases yearly ; John F. Cohh ^ Co. (Pickard 
Block), 82 hands, 1,400 cases annually; Pidsifer, Roak ^ Co. (Roak Block), 
72 hands, 30 cases weekly; Miller c^ Randall (Main street), 47 hands, 1,235 
cases yearly; /. C. Lomhard ^f Co. (Court street), 100 hands, 900 cases boots, 
and 800 cases slices and slippers in the year; Pray, Shaw ^ Co. (Phoinix 
Block), 76 hands, 1,868 cases of boots; L. B. Kinsley cf Co. (Railroad street), 
51 operatives, 30 cases weekly; Keith cf Berry (West Auburn), 50 hands, 25 
cases weekly; D. Harwood cf Co. (North Auburn), 40 hands, 24 cases weekly; 
H. G. Garcelon (Railroad street), 24 hands, 250 cases yearly; George Hill 
(School street), 13 hands, 5 cases weekly; G. H. Cook (Main street) 18 hands, 
400 cases in the year; G. A. Trufant, 20 hands, 9 cases weekly. The other 
manufacturers were 3Illler (j' Randall, tannery, employing 20 hands, annually 
producing from 15,000 to 20,000 sides of harness, belt, and upper leather, and 
3,000 to 5,000 calf-skins, valued at 1^150,000; B. B. Fuller, employing 30 
hands in the manufacture of inner soles, and furnishing steam-power to the 
shoe factories in Roak and PhcBuix Blocks; The Auburn Iron Foundry and 
Mannfarturing Co. was formed with a capital of 150,000; Dingley, Foss tf Co. 
employed 7 hands in the City Mills on Royalls river, Danville Junction, where 
they made 80,000 bushels of meal and 4,000 barrels of flour annually; Willis, 
Parsons ^ Co., at their mill on Ta3'lor brook, manufactured annually 3,000 
barrels of flour and 50,000 bushels of meal, and employed 5 men, and, with 
their wool-carding machine, made 10,000 rolls yearly; J. E. Tihhetts, in his 
mill east of Turner street, manufactured 25,000 bushels of meal; Bradford, 
Conant tf Co. employed 25 men at East Auburn, produced 300 sets of chamber 
furniture annually, and cut 300,000 feet of lumber; Packard cj- Conant 
employed 10 men, and, at their mill on Little Androscoggin river, cut 400,000 
feet of hemlock lumber and made from 40,000 to 50,000 boxes; Huston .f 
Boynton employed 11 hands in their bakery, where they consumed 1,800 barrels 
of flour annually in making crackers and bread; JVltitmore cj' Bennett, carriage 
manufacturers, employed 7 men and made 50 carriages annually; Stephens, 
Kimball Jf- Son employed 5 men and made 30 carriages annually; K. R. Smith 
employed 7 men in his marble works; F. W. Gross made 55,000 pounds of 
sausage yearly, and 1,500 pounds of lard weekly, and packed 1,000 hogs a 
year; G. K. Field, with three hands, made 10,000 feet of cement drain pipe 
annually. The Little Androscoggin Water-Power Co. had just completed a danr 
and commenced a canal and bulk-heads. 



City of Auburn. 631 



In 1872 the manufacturing capital was 13,063,000, $2,400,000 in shoe 
business. The total value of manufactures was '13,787,500, of which the shoe 
product claims $3,415,000. The number of factories was 20, which used 
4,658,700 pounds of leather, and produced 2,500,000 pairs of shoes and boots. 
2,196 hands were employed, and the annual pay-roll was $836,400. The 
product of the other manufacturing was #372,500. There was an increase of 
about 25 per cent, in manufacturing in 1873, without Barker Mill, which 
"started up" December 8. The total manufacturing capital this year is 
13,863,000 ; of this -13,000,000 belongs to the shoe industry. The leather used 
is estimated at 7,000,000 pounds. There were 3,851,520 pairs of boots and 
shoes made, valued at $4,000,000. The total value of manufactured products 
was $4,744,600, with $936,500 paid to 3,478 operatives; 834 females, 2,243 
males, in the shoe factories, who received $850,000 wages. Nearly all the 
factories had steam-power. The capital for 1874 is given as $2,250,000, 
$1,250,000 in shoe business. The leather used in the 19 factories was 7,000,000 
pounds ; over 3,850,000 pairs of boots and shoes were made, and their value 
was $3,250,000. The total value of manufactures was $3,994,000. In 1875 
there were 15 shoe factories, producing 3,967,626 pairs of boots and shoes, 
valued at $3,000,000. . The other manufacturing produced goods valued at 
$744,000. The manufacturing capital is rated as $2,000,000, one-half credited 
to the shoe industry. Considering the wide-spread depression of business, 
losses by Western failures, and the universal shrinkage of values. Auburn 
makes a creditable showing. 

Various causes operated unfavorably on business in 1876. The output of 
the factories was not as large as in 1875, only 3,665,700 pairs. Business was 
more lively than for several years, but it was the poorest year for profit since 
1857. Workmen were, however, more steadily employed than in 1875. Wages 
ranged about 50 cents a day less than the highest figures of the war, prices 
being: Lasters $1.75 per case, heelers $1.60 per case, trimmers $1.50 per half- 
case, peggers 30 to 40 cents per case; the average pay of first-class workmen 
$2 per da}^ and girls' wages from $1 to $1.25 a day. The total value of manu- 
facturing is given as $3,500,000. 1877 was the closest year for Auburn shoe 
men since 1858. The production was but 69,300 pairs less than in 1876, but 
from the unseasonable weather in the West and South the demand largely fell 
off, inducing unscrupulous competition by manufacturers in other states, so 
that the year closed with no profits. Labor agitation and strikes occurred 
to some extent. The total value for the year was $3,425,100, of which 
$3,000,000 was that of the shoe factories. 3,596,400 pairs were made. The 
annual pay-roll of the manufacturing industries was $800,000, the shoe factories 
paying $650,000. The number of employes was 3,500, 3,077 in the shoe 
business. In 1878 there was a decreased production, the number of pairs 
made being 3,256,740. There was a large falling off in the number of opera- 



632 History of Androscoggin County. 



tives as improvements in machinery enabled manufacturers to produce goods 
with less help, while the capital employed remained unchanged. In 1879 the 
value of manufactured goods is 14,100,000, a flattering increase over that of 
1878 (13,400,000). The shoe industry is in better shape, its product of 
07,334 cases from its fourteen factories amounting to -$3, 750,000. The business 
of 1880 was slightly in excess of 1879, the number of cases made being 76,824. 
The annual shoe pay-roll is .^943, 000, the value of the product about that of 
1879. 2,300 operatives are given work in manufacturing; 1,789 in the making 
of shoes. The heavy pegged shoes of earlier days are being replaced by finer 
sewed work. 

Manufacturers Ten Years Ago. In 1881 Ara Cushman ^ Co. (Court 
street) employed 675 hands, produced 31,000 cases. Pay-roll ^13,250 per 
month. Packard., Briggs ^ Co. (Railroad street), 205 hands, 150 cases, or 
9,000 pairs of shoes weekly. Pay-roll monthly |8,000. M. Crafts ^ Co. (Rail- 
road square), 130 hands, 120 cases weekly. Pay-roll $4,000 monthly. L. B. 
Kinsley (j- Co. (Railroad street), 50 hands. Pay-roll -$1,600 monthly. John 
F. Cobb cj- Co. (Main street), 118 hands, and did a business of $150,000. 
Miller ^ Randall (Main street), 103 hands in shoe factory, and 25 hands in 
tannery, where they made 12,000 sides of harness, belt, and upper leather, 4,000 
kip, and from 4,000 to 5,000 calf-skins. They also made 20,000 pairs of lasts. 
Smith., Pray ^ Co. (Roak Block), 65 hands, made 50 cases of ladies' and 
misses' boots, and had an annual production of $150,000. (This firm suc- 
ceeded Smith, Little & Co., in 1874.) Cay, Foss ^ Co. (Roak Block), 200 
hands, and made 250 cases. Monroe Manufacturing Company (West Auburn), 
150 hands, produced women's and children's heavy-pegged shoes, and are add- 
ing men's fine calf and buff. John B. Wise (Roak Block), 4 men, product 
$4,000. Bingley, Strout <|- Co. (Railroad square), 90 hands, fine calf and buff 
shoes and serge and beaver boots, etc. Weekly pay-roll $1,000. North. Auburn 
Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Co. This cooperative shoj) had a capacity of 
100,000 cases annually, employed 68 hands, but did little work during the 
year. Other Manufactures. Auburn Last Co.., 5 men, made 100 pairs of 
lasts daily. A. W. Cox ^ Co., 3 men, made 300 pairs of lasts monthly. M. B. 
Pulsifer, 48 hands, made yearly 20,000 cases inner soles, 5,000 cases leather 
counters, and 30,000 cases leather board counters; value $35,000. Knowles ^ 
Spooner., 25 hands, made 15,000 shoe heels a day. J. B. Hunton., employed 6 
hands on shoe trimmings and suspenders. Eaton (f Strout made 50 dozen 
sus[)enders daily with 4 men. Barker Mill, 200 females and 65 males, used 
2,700 bales of cotton in making 4,000,000 yards of fine 40-inch sheeting. 
Auburn Foundry Co. employed 14 men ; annual product $40,000. Woodman, 
Foss ^ Co., 100 hands, made overalls, shirts, and pantaloons. Benjamin Conant 
employed 10 men in sawing lumber and making wooden boxes. J. E. Moore 
employed 9 men in making 226,00 pasteboard boxes. C. T. Nevens had 8 men 



City of Auburn. 633 



in his carriage shop. Bradford., Conant S^ Go. employed 8 men at East Auburn; 
annual product •$40,000. Willie, Parsoris tf Co. manufactured 3,000 barrels 
flour and 75,000 bushels meal on Taylor brook, and carded 10,000 rolls of wool. 
J. E. Tihbetts ground 60,000 bushels of meal at the head of Mill street. 0. G. 
Gohh cf Go. (Danville Junction) ground 30,000 bushels of grain. T. A. Hus- 
ton ^ Co.^ with 11 men, made 12 barrels of crackers daily. There were three 
marble and granite shops, one picture-frame factory, one pork-packing estab- 
lishment, one wool-pulling firm, one large brick-yard, and other minor manu- 
factories. The manufacturing capital employed was $2,000,000; $1,000,000 in 
shoe business. 800 females and 1,600 males were at work ; 1,900 in shoe 
factories. The aggregate pay-roll was $800,000 ; $600,000 that of the 14 shoe 
factories. The shoe product was $3,000,000; other manufactories $1,000,000. 

In 1882 several large factories closed, yet others were increased in capacity, 
and more shoes were made than in 1881. The shipments were 79,588 cases. 
A better quality of goods was made, and the value was more than in any 
previous year. In other industries Auburn produced 4,000,000 yards of 
bleached cottons, 300 sets of chamber furniture, 1,000,000 bricks, 30,000 
crackers, and other articles. 1883. There were but eight shoe firms this year 
after the removal, in July, of Gay, Woodman & Co. to Lewiston. Ara Cush- 
man & Co., Moses Crafts Shoe Co., Dingley, Strout & Co., Smith, Pray & Co., 
J. F. Cobb & Co., Foss, Packard & Co., Wise & Cooper, Monroe Manufactur- 
ing Co., yet the capital employed was $1,000,000, out of a total of $1,500,000, 
and the number of cases made was 96,347, valued at $3,500,000. The value 
of the products of other manufacturing was $1,000,000. 1884. This year was 
fraught with commotion in shoe and leather circles, and the factories every- 
where were impeded by the dullness of the times. Notwithstanding this, the 
seven Auburn factories produced 89,665 cases, valued at $3,000,000. The 
amount of leather used is not much over one-half as much as when brogans 
and coarse boots were made ; the receipts this year being 3,912,967 pounds. 
1885. The shoe business of 1885 did not quite equal 1883 or 1884. But it 
was noticeable for the very great activity in the last three months of the year. 
There were few vacations in the factories, and in both men's and women's work 
the trade was brisk. The shipments were 86,274 cases, receipts of leather 
3,745,527 pounds, value of product about $3,000,000. In 1886 everything was in 
full tide of success and activity. 130,878 cases were made in the nine factories, 
and all business received a forward impetus. 1887 produced a still larger 
amount of work, 144,971 cases, valued at $2,500,000, which gave employment 
in the eight shoe factories to 550 females and 1,150 males. The value of the 
products of all manufacturing establishments was $5,000,000, and the capital 
employed was $2,200,000. 

1887 was the first year of the corn-packing industry of Auburn. The New 
Gloucester Canning Company built a fine factory, and Burnham & Morrill 



634 History of Androscoggin County. 



purchased the horse-raih'oad stables and converted them into one of the finest 
corn factories in Maine. About 500 acres of sweet corn were grown in both 
1887 and 1888, and from .*20,000 to $22,000 were paid for corn and help. 

In 1888 the shoe business was in excellent condition. Two of the finest 
factories in Maine were built, and created, in a narrow limit, one of the 
strongest aggregations of shoe-producing activity in New England. The shoe 
capital this year was -12,500,000, em[)l(^ying, in the ten factories, 550 females 
and 1,150 males, with a pay-roll of 1800,000, and a product of 176,319 cases, 
using 5,234,238 pounds of leather, and was valued at $3,500,000. In 1890 a 
very fine modern factory was built and others enlarged. The shipments of 
shoes were much larger than those of any previous year — 219,048 cases. 
(These were larger than those formerly used.) 550 female and 1,150 male 
operatives were employed, the annual pay-roll was $800,000, and 8,999,143 
pounds of leather were used. When the prosperity of a place depends upon 
any one industry, other business fluctuates with it, and when it is dull men 
are ofttimes in enforced idleness, which would not occur with diversified 
industries. It adds to the wealth and prosperity when aggregations of capital 
make careful investment in different lines. Auburn is rapidly advancing in 
these varied sources of material wealth, and the magnificent output of 
$6,000,000 in manufactured goods in 1890 gives promise of a still more 
brilliant future. 

Shoe and Other Manufactories, January, 1891. — Ai-a Cushman 
Company. — This corporation, doing the largest business in shoe manufacturing 
in the state and probably in New England, was organized in 1888, with a 
capital of $400,000. Its officers are Ara Cushman, president ; Charles L. 
Cushman, vice-president; Samuel F. Merrill, treasurer; Murray B. Watson, 
clerk. The company is the development of tlie business instituted by Mr Ara 
Cushman in Miiiot 37 years ago. (See biography of Ara Cushman.) The 
company has three factories, with an aggregate floor surface of 118,500 square 
feet, and employs nearly 1,000 operatives, to whom $9,300 is paid weekly. The 
value of the daily production is $8,000. A part of the brick factory on Court 
street, 41 by 84 feet in size, and of four stories, was built in 1868, and occupied 
in February, 1869. Increasing business caused an addition of 33 by 131 feet, 
with boiler and engine house to be put up in 1871, and the brick box-factory 
was built. In 1873 a building 40 by 100 feet was added to the main building 
on the west. These buildings contain 60,000 square feet of floor surface. 
(See engraving.) The integrity, thoroughness, and honesty put into the goods 
manufactured, the business skill dominating the establishment, and the satis- 
faction given caused annually a greater and still greater demand, so that even 
these immense factories were insufficient. In 1888 the brick factory on 
Railroad square, formerly occupied by Packard & Briggs, 41 by 122 feet, five 
stories high, was purchased, and soon after the adjoining brick factory of 46 



City of Auburn. 635 



by 64 feet. These two buildings have been connected and contain 40,000 
square feet of floor surface. The Moses Crafts factory ^ on Raih-oad street, 35 
by 105 feet, with 18,500 feet of floor surface, is also owned and occupied. 

The success is phenomenal which causes such a rapid increase of manufact- 
uring facilities, and the Ara Cushman Company is one of the main arteries 
through which pulsates the business enterprise and activity of Auburn. This 
was the first shoe company in the state to adopt ''profit sharing" with its 
em[)loyes. This will, when fully understot)d and generally adopted, beyond 
doubt put an end to the contentions and strife between labor and capital, and 
its success in this mammoth firm will be the signal for its adoption in many 
other manufactories. The Court street building is now formed of three brick 
factories connected, each of four stories and basement, with one-story boiler- 
house attached. The power is furnished by a 100-horse-power engine, two 
tubular boilers, 180-horse-power, and the building is heated by steam. The 
factory is lighted by incandescent electric lights, furnished by a 70-horse-power 
engine and dynamos on the premises. A box factory is in operation, with 
planer, circular saw, and box machinery. The brick factory on Railroad 
square is four stories with basement. Two factories have a frontage of 142 
feet on Court street and 210 feet on the railroad; the factories on Railroad 
square have a frontage of 165 feet on Railroad street and 40 feet on Court 
street. The Moses Crafts factory has four stories and basement. A 100- 
horse-power steam engine and large boilers furnish power and heat for both 
the factories of Ara Cushman Company on Railroad street, Morse's paper box 
factory, and Fitz Bros.'s last factory. 

John F. Cohl) jSJioc Company. — John F. Cobb was one of the pioneers of 
shoe manufacturing in Maine, and is nearly the only one now engaged in the 
business. He began at North Auburn May 19, 1848, in company with Moses 
Harris, the firm being Harris & Cobb. This firm was succeeded in two years' 
time by Cobb & Wills. Two years later Mr Cobb became sole proprietor. In 
1855 he became cashier of Auburn Bank, but the confinement so injured his 
health that he soon resigned. December, 1856, with David B. Robinson and 
Charles W. Kyle, he formed the firm of Cobb, Robinson & Co. The firm of 
Cobb, Robinson, Hill & Co. succeeded this, and bought the lot and building on 
Main and Court streets now occupied by Ingersoll, Whitman & Co., and 
manufactured there until 1866, when Mr Cobb started alone in the Bailey 
Building, on the site of the John ¥. Cobb Shoe Company's Block. John 
Pickard became a partner in 1869, the firm becoming J. F. Cobb & Co. 
November 22, 1889, the JoJtn F. V<jJ)h Shoe Company was incorporated with a 
capital of -1100,000 and these officers: Charles E. Cobb (son of John F.), 

1 This originated in 1868 with Moses Crafts and A. B. Crafts, and D. W. Kinsley soon became 
partner of the firm Moses Crafts & Co., which built the Railroad street factory. In 1884 the Moses 
Crafts Shoe Company was organized by Moses Crafts, Ara Cushman, and M. C. Percival. 



636 History of Androscoggin County. 



president; John F. Cobb, treasurer; Charles E. Morse, clerk. The factory is 
in a most central location on Main street, is 150x40 feet with four stories and 
basement. Two large stores occupy the front of the ground floor. Nearly 200 
hands are employed with a monthly pay-roll of |7,000 and an annual business 
of ,*300,000 is done. 

Bingley, Foss ^ Co. — This firm commenced business at No. 5 Roak Block 
in June, 1876, as Dingley, Strout & Co., the members being J. Dingley, Jr, 
G. E. Strout, and H. G. Foss. They employed from 75 to 80 hands the first 
year, and manufactured opera boots and slippers. In 1881 they removed to 
Railroad square. The members of the present firm are J. Dingley, Jr, H. G. 
Foss, E. G. Sprague, and E. M. Stevens. The firm employs over 200 opera- 
tives and makes daily 900 pairs of shoes for men. The product includes 
a fine line of sporting goods. It sells to jobbers, does a yearly business of 
$300,000, and has a weekly pay-roll of !i«l,800. In October, 1888, the large 
factory. No. 31 Troy street, was completed and occupied. It is 150x40 feet 
in size, four stories and basement, and is provided with modern improve- 
ments and best machinery run by steam-power. It is lighted by gas and has 
electric bells. 

Munroes, Packard <j' Linscott. — This firm was established in 1886, with 
factory at No. 6 Roak Block. The members were J. B. Munroe, Willard N. 
Munroe, Heman A. Packard, and Willard Linscott. The production the first 
year was 40 cases of men's and base-ball shoes ; 125 hands. In 1889 the 
factory on Munroe street was occupied. It is 40x200 feet in size, with four 
floors. Between 300 and 400 hands are employed, and in the busy season it 
produces 225 dozen daily of men's and boys' shoes, etc. The factory is fitted 
with all advances in machinery. The weekly production is 1,000 cases, the 
annual production <f 500, 000, the monthly j)ay-roll •'118,000. The factory has 
a capacity for producing 200 cases a da}^ and for 600 workmen. A tower on 
the east side contains an elevator and stair case, and in the basement a large 
engine, 117 horse-power boiler furnishes power and heat. July 1, 1891, J. B. 
Munroe retired from the firm. 

jPoss, Packard ^ Co. — This firm, originally composed of J. O. Foss, H. M. 
Packard, W. H. Foss, and R. M. Mason, began business in its present location 
on Main street. The factory occupied five floors and was 50 x 70 feet in size, 
fitted with all improved machinery run by steam. 135 hands were employed 
in 1883, with a monthly pay-roll of -14,800, in the manufacture of men's fine 
calf shoes, etc. In November, 1885, J. O. Foss retired, and his son, W. O. 
Foss, became a member of the firm. This house has done a flourishing 
business, and in 1890 erected an addition to the factory and introduced a 
35-horse-power steam engine and two 45-horse-power boilers to enable the firm 
to increase its production to 10,000 pairs a week. R. M. Mason is superin- 
tendent. The monthly pay-roll is about $6,000. 



City of Auburn. 637 



Pray, Small Companij. — This firm, composed of Leonard A. Pray, president, 
and L. Linn Small, was organized in March, 1889, as a copartnership, and, in 
1891, was incorporated with $100,000 capital. They began business at Nos. 
8 and 9 Koak Block. \\\ 1890 the factory on North Spring street was built 
and occupied. This is 80x90 feet in size, of three stories and basement. In 
the center is a light-well, 18x40. The building is lighted by 340 windows, of 
which 237 are on the outside, making it one of the best-lighted manufactories 
in the state. The machinerj^ run by steam-power, is of the best, including 
2 McKay sewing machines, 50 stitching machines, 2 edge machines, 3 trimming 
machines, 2 heel-shaving machines, 2 Tapley heel-burnishing machines, 2 
beating-out machines, etc. This firm manufactures ladies' and misses' fine 
boots, employs 75 females and 60 males, with a monthly pay-roll of -17,000, has 
a weekly production of 400 cases, and an annual production of $300,000. 
The power and heat is furnished from Munroes, Packard & Linscott's factor^'. 

American Shoe 3Ianvfaetvri)i(/ Co. — This firm commenced business in May, 
1889, with a capital stock of 150,000. It now occupies eight floors in Nos. 8 
and 9 Roak Block (138 Main street), manufactures men's and boys' shoes of 
all grades, has a full line of machinery of latest designs run by power fur- 
nished by E. W. Gross, employs about 50 hands, with a pay-roll of about $600 
a week, and produces 60 cases a day. The officers are A. A. Hutchins, presi- 
dent; P. M. Bickford, treasurer; George Bumpus, secretary. 

Wise ^ Cooper (John B. Wise, Arthur H. Cooper) began business in 1883, 
at their present location. No. 5 Roak Block, and employed about 15 hands, 
with a monthly pay-roll of $800, and had a weekly production of 20 cases. 
They now employ 25 males and 30 females, have a weekly production of 125 
cases of women's, misses' and children's boots and shoes, and a monthly pay- 
roll of $2,000. 

Damren ^ Field (S. G. Damren, George D. Field) began business in July, 
1889, in manufacturing fine shoes, employed 30 hands, and had machinery and 
capacity for making 60 cases a week. They closed business in 1890 and the 
machinery was sold to go to Ellsworth. 

Charles E. Kershaiv, Jr, ^ Co. began manufacturing in Roak Block, in 
February, 1889, and employed from 30 to 40 hands, but went out of business 
in 1890. 

Smith cf Miller (T. H. Smith, John Miller) went out of business in 
December, 1890. They employed 40 hands. Mr Smith is a veteran manu- 
facturer. He gives his connection with the business thus : " I came from 
Gardiner, first going into the shoe business in Lewiston, in company with 
H. G. Garcelon. Mr Garcelon retired, and Mr J. O. Foss became a partner, 
and the plant was moved to Main street. Auburn. Mr Foss soon sold to 
Charles Gay, and the business was continued as Smith & Gay. They helped 
build Roak Block, and when it was done moved into it. Here Edward Little 



638 History of Androscoggin County. 



became a partner. Later Mr Gay sold to L. A. Pray and went into business 
with J. O. Foss. Mr Little continued in the firm till his death, after which the 
style was Smith, Pray & Co. When this firm closed business I formed a 
partnership with John Miller as Smith & Miller." 

The Nute BrotJwrs' Shoe Co. was organized April 23, 1891, with a capital 
stock of 125,000. It purchased the Smith & Miller machinery and is in busi- 
ness in Roak Block. A. F. Nute is president; W. H. Nute, treasurer. 

Other Manufactories. HntchinHs Box Factory (H. Wesley Hutchins) 
employs 50 hands and pays for labor $16,000 j)er annum. It is tlie only scale- 
board factory in the world, was originated by Mr Hutchins and nearly all the 
machines used were invented by him. He bought in 1890 over 500,000 feet of 
bass-wood logs. The boxes are used by manufacturers of jewelry, clocks, 
crackers, confectionery, hardware, patent medicines, jellies, etc., and are sold 
from New Brunswick to California, in South America, Australia, and Europe. 
This factory was built in 1886, partially burned in 1888 and rebuilt with 
another stor}^ and is located between the Maine Central and Grand Trunk 
railroads, and contains nearly 40,000 feet of flooring, and is operated by 100- 
horse-power water-power from the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company's 
dam. It has electric bells and all modern improvements. Annual [U'oduct, 
about $30,000. .The factory consumes annually 75,000 feet spruce scantlings, 
5 tons of glue, 2 tons of nails, and 100 cords of fuel. 

JVJiifman A(/ricultural Works. — J. W. May, president; I). W. Verrill, 
treasurer; J. W. Mitchell, clerk; W. E. Whitman, manager; J. W. May, 
B. F. Briggs, H. W. Hutchins, William Dickey, VV. E. Whitman, directors. 
This company was incorporated November 1, 1889, with a capital stock of 
1)100,000. The amount of working capital is $50,000. Work was commenced 
on a new factory on Hutchins street, between Maine Central and Grand Trunk 
railroads, November 16, 1889, and February 17, 1890, the machinery was put 
in operation. The plant consists of a factory, 106x50 feet, four stories; 
machine-shop, 55x35 feet, two and one-half stories; and store-house, 96x35 
feet. These are fitted with the best of machinery, and have every facility for 
doing the best of work. The buildings are furnished throughout with electric 
bells and lights and are steam-heated. Power is furnished by the Little 
Androscoggin Water-Power Co. The product of the company is a general 
assortment of agricultural machinery, including threshers, horse-powers, sa wing- 
machines, cider-mills, feed-cutters, wheel-barrows, grindstone frames, and a 
variety of smaller articles. From 60 to 70 hands are employed, the pay-roll 
being about $350 a week. 

Auburn Stove Foundry Company. — President, H. W. Hutchins; treasurer, 
T. H. Roberts; manager, George W. McFadden ; directors, H. W. Hutchins, 
H. Fairfield, George C. Wing, A. L. Goss, J. H. Stetson, J. R. Learned, George 
S. Woodman. Organized June 9, 1890, with capital of $35,000. The company 



City of Auburn. 639 



bought plant of the Biddeford Stove Foundry and moved it to Auburn, where 
the first castings were made September 16, 1890. The foundry is located on 
the Maine Central Railroad at the junction of Higli street and Minot avenue. 
The company manufactures several kinds of ranges and stoves, with the Royal 
Falmouth range as a leader; also makes sinks and hollow ware, etc., and 
furnishes its own power and heat. Its plant consists of brick building, with 
moulding department 85x60; wooden building put up in 1890, 40x80, three 
stories, for mounting and fitting department; also new building for storage of 
coal, and other smaller ones for the storage of patterns. The foundry employs 
about 35 men, has a pay-roll of $2,000 a month, and the estimated value of 
annual production is about $45,000. Uses annually about 250 tons of coal and 
500 tons of pig-iron. 

Auburn Foundry Company. — Capital stock, $15,000. Foundry located on 
Washington street, near Maine Central Railroad repair shops. Number hands 
employed, 20 ; annual pay-roll, $10,000 ; annual value of manufactures, $30,000 ; 
N. M. Neal, agent. An extension to the factory was built in 1889, 50x35, and 
increased facilities provided. The company is doing a lai'ge and constantly 
increasing business. 

Tohie ^ Clark 3Ianufarfan'n(/ Co. — This stock company was fcn-med in 1877 
with $50,000 capital, to continue the manufacture of the Premium pine pum[), 
carried on from 1869 by Tobie & Clark Brcjthers, at No. 8 Roak Block. The 
first officers were D. F. Tobie, president; David Allen, secretary and treasurer; 
Henry Clark, N. M. Neal, John Eaton, F. B. Pierce, D. F. Tobie, directors. 
The business was removed to Levviston and remained there until 1883, when it 
-was brought to Auburn. In 1883 and 1884 it made 3,000 [)um[)S yearly. Dr 
J. W. Beede later became president; J. W. Beede, C. S. Emerson, Charles 
Dunn, L. A. Cobb, F. R. Conant, directors; Charles Dunn, agent and treasurer. 
The manufacture of pumps is now carried on by L. A. Cobb, the company only 
leasing rooms and power. 
^ F. R. Conant ^ Co. carry on a general lumber business and make wooden 
boxes for the shoe factories and other industries. They have two buildings on 
the west side of Washington street, near Auburn Foundry, one, 60x25, and 
the other, 40x75, and are erecting another large building on the opposite side 
of the street, 50x32, three stories with basements for the lumber business. 
They have also a mill on the Little Androscoggin near the electric light station 
and another at North Auburn. They employ about 25 men. 

Flour, Meal, Etc. Solomon Parmns ^ Son (F. A. Parsons), grain mill, 
junction of Washington and Jefferson streets, emplo}^ 5 men, and grind 12,000 
bushels of grain monthly. They have 75 horse-power produced by a 17^ inch 
Victor wheel. J. E. TibbetU cj- Co., established by J. E. Tibbetts in 1861 ; 
N. S. Tibbetts was made partner in 1883. They employ 5 men in the manu- 
facture of 60,0000 bushels of meal and sale of 100,000 bushels of grain yearly. 



640 History of Androscoggin County. 

Their mill is on Knight street. They built in 1890 a large warehouse on 
Turner street, adjacent to the Maine Central Railroad. Henry Willis ^ Co.'s 
yearly product of flour and meal is 75,000 bushels. Their warehouse is No. 2 
Roak Block. They employ 4 men. 

Machinists. F. If. Felhnvs tf- C'o., Washington street, make engines, 
boilers, etc., employing 6 hands. They built a large three-story machine and 
wood-working shop in 1889. John M. Orawshmv^ Mechanic row, employs 4 
men in the manufacture of Irish's patent lease rods, general repairing, and 
pattern making. C H. Lucas., No. 3 Roak Block, manufactures watchmakers' 
tools and fine machine work, such as models and novelties. He is patentee of 
the Little Giant screw-driver. He employs 3 men. J. W. VerriU, 34 Railroad 
street, makes shoe tools and light machinery, philosophical apparatus, electric 
batteries, etc. 

The brick-yard of Charles D)inn employs from 5 to 10 hands and manufact- 
urers 800,000 of brick annually. 

Printers. Bri<h/e ^ Smith, 4 Court street; Merrill <f Wehher, ^^ M.?a\\ 
street ; H. A. Lane, 76 Main street. 

Paper Boxes. Auburn Paper Box Co. — This company was organized 
June 1, 1889. It occupies No. 8 Mechanic row as a factor}', and produces 
5,000,000 boxes yearly. The power used is electric of 5-horse-power. There 
are 50 female and 10 male operatives employed. Mark Morse has a three-story 
factory on Railroad street, where he manufactures 6,000 boxes daily and 
employs 25 hands. 

Aahurn Stemn Poiver Co. was established in October, 1884, with capital 
stock of $30,000. Its plant is the former Miller & Randall tannery site, 
furnished with boilers and engines of 120-horse-power. It supplies power to 
John F. Cobb Shoe Co., Eureka Hosiery Co., Wood, Robinson & Co., and 
Auburn Paper Box Co. 

Eureka Hosiery Co., Main street, was established in 1886 and incorporated 
in 1888. It manufactures cotton, silk, wool, camel's hair, worsted and merino 
hosier}^, lumbermen's socks and leggings, boys' and women's leggings, and cotton 
and woolen bandages for trotting horses. 42 hands are employed. Officers : 
(ieorge C. Wing, president ; A. A. Waite, treasurer. 

Brockway Mamifaeturiny Co. manufactures extension cases and shawl 
straps. It is located at No. 2 Roak Block, occupies three floors, and employs 
about 15 hands. It produced in 1890, 20,000 extension cases and 12,000 shawl 
straps, and the value of the product was 117,000. Officers: Russell Daggett, 
president; I. N. Haskell, treasurer; W. V. Daggett, clerk. 

E. H. Osyood, in the leather-board business on Miller street, makes pasted 
heels. He is turning out 8,000 cards per month, the cards being 13x19 inches. 
He employs 18 females and 3 males, and his pay-roll is <|500 a month. 



City of Auburn. 641 



Last Factor If. — Fitz Brothers (Ira and Amos Fitz) employ 22 men on 
Railroad square, where they make 4,800 pairs of lasts a month. 

Pork Packing, Etc. Ferd Penley has $40,000 invested in his pork- 
packing establishment. His works are operated by a 254iorse-power steam 
engine and 40-horse-power boiler. He employs from 10 to 12 men, and in 1890 
slaughtered 1,500 Maine cattle, 1,000 Western cattle, 2,500 sheep and lambs, 
300 calves, and 750 hogs. In 1890 he added a wool-pulling department. 
E. W. G-ross, Roak Block, packs 1,500 hogs and makes 100,000 pounds of 
sausage annually. 

Carriage Making. C. T. Nevens has a carriage shop six stories high, 
built in 1882. In 1890 he made 100 carriages and 25 sleighs valued at $8,000, 
bought and sold $16,000 worth of carriages, and built a store-house of four 
stories, 50x100 feet, on the corner of Union and Summer streets. This is one 
of the largest carriage factories in the state, and gives employment to from 20 
to 25 hands. 

C. J. Litchfield has a shop on Turner street, built in 1886, where he employs 
10 men. In 1890 he made 40 carriages and 30 sleighs and put up a large 
addition to his buildings, making his factory now 40 x 75 feet in size with five 
floors. 

Marble and Granite Works. Some of the leading men of Auburn 
were among the corporators of the Maine & New Hampshire Granite Co., 
incorporated in 1886, and its headquarters are here. George W. Wagg, so 
long agent of the Maine Central in Auburn, has been president from organiza- 
tion. The company owns nearly 6,000 acres of granite land in Conway, N. H., 
and have employed 300 men in their operations there. They have furnished 
building stone for some of the largest buildings in the country. The Auburn 
Marble and Granite Monumental Worki<, 212 Court street, George B. Smith 
manager, were established in 1850 by H. R. Smith. He employs from 10 to 15 
men. II. *S'. Decker employs 12 men in his shop near Maine Central station, 
has an annual pay-roll of $5,000, and produces $15,000 worth of goods. 
R. C. Haskell employs from 9 to 12 men at No. 23 Mechanic row. A. J. 
Verrill ^ Co. manufacture annually $10,000 worth of granite and marble at 

\ their works on Turner street. They employ 4 men. 
► Furniture Factory. Bradford, Conant ^ Co. employ six men at East 
Auburn. They use 700,000 of lumber, and make 300 sets of furniture yearly. 
Annual value of manufactured products $30,000. They have a saw-mill con- 
nected with their factory. 

Bakeries. T. A. Huston ^ Co. employ 35 hands in their cracker bakery, 
where the}' manufacture 80 barrels of crackers daily. Monthly pay-roll $1,800. 
Edmund Lihbij ^ Son employ 4 hands at their bakery on Court street. Pay- 
roll $300 monthly. A. A. Walton, New Auburn, employs 4 men. 



642 History of Androscoggin County. 



The aggregate pay-roll of manufacturing establishments for 1890 was fully 
$1,000,000, and the value of their product was 16,000,000. Between 3,500 and 
4,000 operatives were furnished employment. 

Other Artisans. Among the contractors (wood and stone work) and 
builders deserving of notice are '/. A. Greenleaf, 19 Granite street ; S. K. Bal- 
lard, 103 Turner street ; Woodburi/ Pride ; BeaU ^ HumieweU, 25 James street: 
Lihhy ^ Keith, 12 Mechanic row; Dinsmore ^ Greenleaf , 17 Mechanic row; 
A. F. Warren, 12 Mechanic row; E. M. Greenleaf\'^l\\\Qv street; A. A. TuhU, 
44 Miller street ; C. A. Jordan, Academy street ; JV. C. Ustes and Dai/ Bros., 
New Auburn; R. H. BaUey, North Auburn. In stone work are B. H. Josslyn 
and D. W. Jones on upper Court street ; 0. H. Maxwell, 21 Manley street ; 
S. L. Blaisdell, Minot road ; I). H. Rendall, 64 Elm street ; E. Y. Turner, High 
street ; H. Ricker, 307 Main street ; B. H. Boss, 20 Myrtle street ; W. A. 
McKenney and T. B. TJiorne, Prospect Hill; B. S. Whitehouse, Second avenue. 

Painters, Decorators, Etc. F. H. Storah ^ Co., 86 Court street; 
Raynes ^ Boss, J. F. Larrahee, L. B. Bachelder, W. B. Crafts, and Haskell ^ Co. 
are clustered on Miller street. W. S. Heath is at 45 Main street, and Hartivell 
^ Co. at 15 Mechanic row. 



CHAPTER XXXVn. 



Auburu Bank — First National Bank — Auburn Savings Bank — National Shoe and 
Leather Bank — Mechanics Savings Bank — American Banking and Trust Co. — Auburu 
Trust Co. — Municipal Court — Board of Trade — Maine Benefit Association — Auburn 
Loan and Building Association — Androscoggin Land Association — Lake Auburn Fish 
Protective Association — Auburn Aqueduct Co. — Little Androscoggin Water Power Co. — 
Lewiston and Auburn Electric Light Co. — Physicians— Leading Traders —Merchants and 
Business Men — Organizations. 

AUBURN BANK. — The Danville Bank was incorporated February 28, 
1855, with Samuel Pickard, James Goff, Jr, Edward T. Little, John 
Penle}^ Rufus Penley, Jacob H. Roak, Nelson Dingley, Nelson B. Rey- 
nolds, William Kilbourne, Jacob Herrick, E. F. Packard, and Jeremiah Dingley, 
Jr, as incorporators, and a capital of |50,000. March 16 the name was changed 
to the Auburn Bank. April 19, 1855, the corporators organized. Jacob H. 
Roak, Edward T. Little, Nelson Dingley, John Penley, Eliphalet Packard, and 
Jacob Herrick were elected directors; J. H. Roak, president, and E. F. 
Packard, cashier. October 2, 1855, at the first annual meeting, Hiram C. 
Briggs was added to the board. Jacob H. Roak re-elected president, and E. F. 
Packard, cashier. Mr Packard resigning, John F. Cobb was chosen cashier. 



City of Aubuen. 643 



March 12, 1857, the capital was increased to $75,000. The bank did business 
until January 30, 1864. Mr Roak was president during the life of the bank. 
William Libby was chosen cashier in 1857. There were few changes in the 
directory. 

The First NationnJ Bank of Auhurn^ successor to Auburn Bank, was organ- 
ized (the 154th bank under the national banking system) October 25, 1863. 
The corporators were Jacob H. Roak, E. F. Packard, Edward T. Little, Peter 
F. Sanborn, Joseph H. Sanborn, Hiram C. Briggs, Nelson Dingley, James 
Dingley, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr. The capital stock was $100,000 at first; 
increased to $130,000 January 10, 1865. May 26, 1865, the directors voted to 
ask permission to increase the capital to $150,000, but it was not so increased 
until March 29, 1875. The first directory was J. H. Roak, E. F. Packard, 
E. T. Little, Nelson Dingley, Hiram C. Briggs, James Dingley, and Jeremiah 
Dingley, Jr. Jacob H. Roak was chosen the first president; E. F. Packard, 
vice-president; William Libby, cashier. The bank began business March 1, 
1864, in banking rooms in the second story of Phcenix Block, and the bills of 
Auburn Bank were redeemed until 1866. In 1870 a third room was leased 
with the others for 15 years, and new and larger vaults were constructed. 
In 1882 the charter was extended to November 30, 1902. The bank, in con- 
nection with Auburn Savings Bank, fitted up the banking rooms it now 
occupies at No. 78 Main street, and entered into possession May 27, 1885. 
February 14, 1887, the bank withdrew $100,000 of its circulation. Mr Roak 
resigned as president, January 11, 1876, and Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, was elected 
and now holds the office. H. C. Briggs was chosen vice-president, January 11, 
1876. William Libby resigned March 1, 1874, and was succeeded by John B. 
Jordan, who was cashier until March 16, 1882. L. Linn Small took office 
April 12, 1882; on his resignation, April 15, 1889, Horace C. Day was elected. 
Horace C. Little and Edward A. Little were chosen directors January 14, 1868, 
in place of E. F. Packard and Edward T. Little. January 11, 1876, B. F. 
Briggs and John Pickard succeeded H. C. Little and J. H. Roak as directors. 
Edward A. Little died in 1876 and Charles E. Smith filled his place as director; 
January 11, 1881, he was succeeded by James O. Foss. H. M. Packard and 
George S. Woodman were elected directors January 11, 1887, to succeed B. F. 
Briggs and John Pickard. December 31, 1890, the financial condition of the 
bank was: Liabilities — Capital stock, $150,000 ; surplus, $33,000 ; profit and 
loss, $12,551.88; circulation, $45,000 ; individual deposits, $138,923.17. Total 
liabilities, $379,475.05. Assess- — Loans, etc., $262,002.84; U. S. and other 
bonds, $55,000; Boston and New York banks, $38,414.72; real estate, etc., 
$2,671.07; bills of other banks, $6,230; cash items and fractional coin, 
$1,009.42; specie, $9,567; legal tenders, $2,330; 5 per cent, redemption fund, 
$2,250. Total assets, $379,475.05. The bank is the depository of the county 
funds, and agent for the sale of Cheque Bank cheques, available in all parts of 
the world. 



(344 History of Androscoggin County. 



Aubtcrn Savings Bank was incorporated February 21, 1868, with these 
corporators: James Goff, Seth May, Samuel Pickard, Nelson Dingley, James 
Dingley, William Libby, Charles W. Walton, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, William 
S. Young, A. M. Pulsifer, Horace C. Little, Edward A. Little, Jacob H. Roak. 
The bank began business March, 1868, in PhcEnix Block. In connection with 
the First National Bank the Savings Bank fitted up its present commodious 
estabhshment, and occupied it May 27, 1885. J. H. Roak was president until 
January 12, 1875. He was succeeded by James Dingley, who held office until 
his death, January 10, 1891. James Goff was vice-president till January 14, 
1873, when Nelson Dingley was elected; Edward A. Little was chosen 
January 12, 1875; John Pickard, elected January 11, 1877, was succeeded 
January 8, 1878, by Hannibal R. Smith, who served till January 11, 1887, and 
was followed by George S. Woodman, who was chosen president on the death 
of President Dingley and was succeeded as vice-president by Frank Bartlett. 
William Libby was the first treasurer and was succeeded by Silas Sprague, who 
served until February 1, 1876; he was followed by George S. Woodman until 
April 14, 1882, then by William Libby until May, 1888, when George H. 
Brown came into office. The first trustees were Seth May, Samuel Pickard, 
Nelson Dingley, James Dingley, Charles W. Walton, H. C. Briggs, J. Dingley, 
Jr, William S. Young, A. M. Pulsifer, Horace C. Little, Edward A. Little ; the 
present ones are George S. Woodman, Richard Dresser, Frank Bartlett, D. W. 
Verrill, Daniel Lara, John A. Morrill, A. M. Peables, Fessenden I. Day. 
November 1, 1890, there were 3,117 depositors, with deposits of $917,311.45. 
The bank then had resources of 1962,199.65, and a reserve fund of 182,000. 

Mechanics Savings Bank was chartered February 16, 1875, with these cor- 
porators : John T. Randall, John F. Cobb, F. M. Jordan, Ara Cushraan, Seth 
P. Miller, H. A. Wheelock, Henry Willis, John Pickard, J. R. Learned, S. S. 
Hersey, Barker Brooks, and S. F. Merrill. The bank commenced business 
May 3, 1875, in Auburn Hall Block. The first officers were : John F. Cobb, 
president ; J. R. Learned, treasurer; S. P. Miller, John F. Cobb, H. A. Wheelock, 
W. H. Rounds, Dana Goff, Ara Cushman, Henry Willis, trustees ; Mr Willis 
soon resigned, and J. R. Learned was chosen trustee. Richard Dresser was 
the first solicitor ; he was succeeded by Hon. George C. Wing. Mr Learned 
resigned as treasurer in April, 1889, and was succeeded by J. W. Stetson. 
Soon after establishment the bank was removed to the next store east, and 
remained there until June, 1889, when the savings bank building was ready 
for occupancy. This building is the finest block in Auburn, cost $50,000, and 
contains the banking rooms of this bank and of the National Shoe and Leather 
Bank, besides two stores on the ground floor, elegant offices in the second story, 
while the third is one of the finest Masonic halls in Maine. The Mechanics Sav- 
ings Bank prefers investments in Maine enterprises, issues no loans on Western 
real estate mortgages, and has paid semi-annual dividends of from 2 to 3 per 



City of Aubukn. 645 



cent, from organization. Februar}^ 9, 1891, it had 3,778 depositors, with 
deposits of $1,051,026.02, a reserve fund of |37,500, resources of over 
$1,096,905.73, and a surplus of 150,000. Officers, January 1, 1891: John F. 
Cobb, president: B. F. Sturgis, M.D., vice-president; J. W. Stetson, treas- 
urer; John F. Cobb, S. P. Miller, Dana Goff, E. T. Gile, B. F. Sturgis, E. W. 
Gross, Rufus Prince, R. C. Jewett, H. W. Hutchins, trustees. 

National Shoe and Leather Bank. — This bank was organized in February, 
1875, with a capital of 1200,000, increased July 1, 1876, to 1300,000, and 
November 5, 1887, to |>400,000. The directors were Ara Cushman, John T. 
Randall, John F. Cobb, F. M. Jordan, Henry Willis, George C. Wing. Ara 
Cushman was made president, and John T. Randall, vice-president. On the 
death of Mr Randall, in 1881, John F. Cobb was chosen his successor. Marshall 
C. Percival was the first cashier. He resigned April 17, 1891, and was succeeded 
by Everett L. Smith. The Shoe and Leather Bank was in the management of 
leading financiers, took rank with the most successful moneyed institutions of 
Maine, in business ability was second to none, and December 31,1890, its surplus 
capital was !|50,000. On the resignation of Mr Percival, an examination by 
U. S. National Bank Examiner F. W. Parker, of Lewiston, showed a deficit of 
1180,000. This was a severe blow to the bank, but so great was the confidence 
of the people in its stockholders and directorate that no run was made upon it, 
nor upon the Mechanics Savings Bank, which was a large stockholder in the 
Shoe and Leather Bank. From the amounts secured from Mr Percival and his 
bondsmen, the surplus funds, and a 10 per cent, assessment on the capital stock, 
the loss was made good, and the bank continues to do business with undimin- 
ished capital, and maintains its prestige among the banks of the state. The 
present directors are Ara Cushman, John F. Cobb, F. M. Jordan, B. F. Briggs, 
George C. Wing, G. P. Martin, L. Linn Small. 

Aynerican Bankiny and Trust Co. banking rooms, Goff Block. Capital stock 
paid in $75,000. January 1, 1891, the surplus fund was 18,000 ; the undivided 
profits $1,000. Directors: W. W. Bolster, Auburn ; S. A. Holbrook, Freeport; 
G. E. Smith, Boston ; N. W. Harris, Auburn ; J. E. Briggs, Winthrop ; E. P. 
Wentworth, Portland; F. R. Conant, Auburn; president, W. W. Bolster; 
vice-president, B. R. Redman, Quincy, Mass.; secretary and treasurer, N. F. 
Woodbury, Auburn. This institution was incorporated in 1887, had its charter 
amended in February, 1889, enlarging its powers. It does a general banking 
business, receives deposits subject to check, also time deposits, on which it pays 
a liberal rate of interest. It is authorized to act as trustee for any person, firm, 
or corporation, negotiate loans, issue and sell bonds secured by first mortgages 
on real estate, buy, sell, exchange, and deal in any kind of property, receive 
money and trust funds, and invest them. It issues certificates of deposit 
bearing four and one-half or five per cent, interest per annum according to time 



646 History of Androscoggin County. 



and amount, which are specially advantageous to persons having considerable 
sums of money not in use for a short or long time. 

Auburn Trust Company, incorporated March 2, 1889, with a capital of 
1200,000 for a general banking business, had as corporators George C. Wing, 
Marshall C. Percival, Ara Cushman, Oscar Holway, Seth M. Carter, Samuel F. 
Merrill, and their associates, George D. Bisbee, J. R. Learned, Edward H. 
York, Heman A. Packard, George A. Wilson, L. Linn Small, B. F. Sturgis. 
Samuel F. Merrill was chosen president, George C. Wing vice-president, James 
F. Atwood secretary and treasurer. The bank began business in the National 
Shoe and Leather Bank in September, 1890, and soon after removed to the 
Board of Trade rooms, where it remained until the completion of its magnifi- 
cent banking rooms in Elm Block, which was purchased for 112,600 in 1890, 
and alterations, costing from $12,000 to fl5,000 were made. The bank has 
appurtenances of the best quality, with massive, steel-lined vaults, and with a 
large capital in the management of leading business men, is a valuable addition 
to the monetary institutions of the county. 

J. R. Learned., state agent of Union Debenture Co. has his office at 83 
Main street. 

Auburn Municipal Court is now of equal importance with that of Lewiston. 
A police court was created in 1869, succeeded by a municipal court in 1875. 
(See page 308.) September 21, 1891, J. W. Mitchell, Esq., was appointed 
judge to succeed Richard Dresser, resigned. 

Auburn Board of Trade. — This organization is one of the strongest 
elements of Auburn's business prosperity. It was organized April 6, 1887, 
with 86 members. The leading business men belong to it, and, although on 
ordinary occasions the meetings may be thinly attended, and not much interest 
apparently manifested, yet when the need of action comes and a movement is 
demanded to add to Auburn's prosperity, this Board of Trade furnishes 
organized and concentred activity that fails not to accomplish the end in view ; 
the Auburn Public Library is a conspicuous example of its successful work. 
Rooms 83 Main street. The officers are Ara Cushman, president; E. T. Gile, 
A. M. Penle}^ George S. Woodman, vice-presidents ; J. P. Hutchinson, secre- 
tary ; D. W. Verrill, treasurer. 

The Maine Beuejit Amociation was incorporated in June, 1884, under the 
general law of Maine providing for tlie organization of charitable and benevo- 
lent institutions. A question arising as to whether an insurance company 
could legall}^ organize under this law, the legislature of 1884-5 was asked to 
grant a charter to the company, which, after most bitter and prolonged opposi- 
tion on the part of the representatives of the established system, was done, 
and the act was approved by the governor, March 5, 1885. The company 
immediately organized and commenced active business in April, 1885. Except- 
ing the fraternal orders this association was the pioneer in co-operative 



City of Auburn. 647 



insurance in Maine, the laws never before recognizing any system of insurance 
save that conducted on the so-called old line plan. The people of Maine 
endorsed the new company by giving it a membership of more than 6,000 in 
five years, and within that time the association paid to the widows and orphans 
of deceased members more than -1300,000. 1,000 certificates were written in 
1890, representing insurance of -SI, 962,000. Milton F. Ricker has been 
manager from the first. E. F. Packard, the first president, was soon succeeded 
by Hon. Geo. C. Wing. Wallace H. White is vice-president; N. W. Harris, 
treasurer; Wallace K. Oakes, M.D., medical director; Geo. C. Wing, A. 
R. Savage, S. M. Carter, executive committee. The first secretary, S. A. 
Lowell, resigned in 1890, and was succeeded by N. W. Harris. 

Auburn Loan and BuUdin<i Ani^ociation was organized June, 1887, with 
these officers: president, A. R. Savage; vice-president, L. W. Haskell; 
secretary, Geo. G. Gifford; treasurer, M. B. Watson; attorney, J. W. 
Mitchell; directors, A. R. Savage, Ara Cushman, Geo. W. Curtis, L. W. 
Haskell, Geo. W. Bumpus, H. B. Sawyer, Geo. G. Gifford, VV. A. Robinson, 
A, M. Penley. Upon resignation of directors Sawyer and Robinson, W. W. 
Stetson and C. A. Jordan were chosen in their place. Loan and building 
associations in Maine are confined to investments in real estate. This associa- 
tion has assisted its members in building over 80 dwellings, purchasing houses 
and other real estate, has now an accumulated capital of •$91,410.83, and, after 
four years of business, will have $100,000 assets. 

Androscoggin Land Association^ capital stock, $50,000, was organized in 
1887, with A. R. Savage, president ; W. W. Stetson, vice-president ; George 
G. Gifford, clerk; A. ]M. Penley, treasurer; A. M. Penley, John T. Spooner, 
O. N. Leavitt, A. R. Savage, W. W. Stetson, A. M. Tuttle, G. G. Gifford, 
directors. W. W. Stetson is president. 

Lake Auburn Fi.^h Profecfive Association, organized August 25, 1890, char- 
tered and reorganized as a corporation in 1891, was the conception of George 
G. Gifford, and is the pioneer organization of this character in Maine. A weir 
and house on Townsend brook, and a hatching house at East Auburn, with a 
hatching capacit}^ of 750,000, were built in 1890; 400,000 trout were hatched 
and placed in the lake and tributaries, with 30,000 salmon donated by the 
state. Henry H. Hanson, president; George G. Gifford, clerk; George 
McCann, treasurer. 

The Auburn Aqueduct Company is the outgrowth of a little enterprise 
started years ago by F. M. Jordan. The first reservoir was a spring near 
Edward Little High School and it was alike reservoir and fountain-head. 
Wooden pipes were laid to a few houses and the water was used with satisfac- 
tion. Later, others desired this supply and the source was changed to Auburn 
Heights, where abundant springs were found. As Auburn increased in 
population, more water was needed, and the company changed the source of 



648 History of Androscoggin County. 

supply to the brook near the city farm, where a dam was built and water 
carried by iron pipes. The company purchased the right to enter Lake 
Auburn from the Franklin Company for $5,000 ; the charter obtained from the 
legislature contained a provision that the city could buy the plant in ten years 
by payment of its cost and 10 per cent, on the investment. The time passed 
and the city lost its opportunity of purchase. At this time Auburn exempted 
the company from taxation in consideration of water furnished for fire and 
other purposes. However the first hydrants for fire purposes were put in by 
the Aqueduct Company voluntarily ; one near Roak Block and another on 
Court street. A new contract was made in 1883, whereby the company was 
to enlarge its facilities (among other things to lay a new main to the pumping 
station on Goff Hill from Turner street, to be 12 inches in diameter, and pass 
through Turner, Union, and Court streets), and allow the city the use of water 
at all times. In payment the City of Auburn Water Loan Bonds were issued 
June 1, 1883, to run 15 years at four per cent., and the contract bound both 
sides for fifty years. Extensive work and improvements have been done to 
keep the supply of water adequate to the growth of the city. A 12-inch 
leading main extends 3,200 feet from Lake Auburn to the poor farm, where it 
branches into two mains running to the city; one of 12 and another of 10 
inches diameter. It is computed from actual tests made by competent 
engineers in 1888 that by these mains 2,333,000 gallons per day can be 
delivered to the city. The gravity pressure from the lake is 118 feet at the 
corner of Court and Main streets, and 71^ feet at the Cushman shoe factory. 
The pressure from the reservoir at the corner of Court and Main streets is 238 
feet and at the Cushman shoe factory is 191 feet. 

The Little Androscoggiyi Water-Potoer Coinpany owns Barker mill and 
was organized in 1870. The first step was the purchase of 300 acres of land 
lying on the Little Androscoggin, from its mouth a mile upward on both banks, 
thus securing ownership aud control of the water-power with its fall of 80 feet 
and capacity of 2,000 horse-power. The second step, taken in 1872, was to 
cut off the timber and wood and build the dam which furnishes power to 
Barker mill. This mill was built in 1874 and the company commenced the 
manufacture of fine shirtings and sheetings, which it has since continued. 
The original capital stock was $400,000, and the property, consisting of land, 
houses, canal, dams, gas-works, mill, and machinery, cost $700,000. In 1888 
there was a reduction of the stock to $340,000, which was made to cover the 
entire property, and left the company free of construction debt. In 1888 the 
company built a stone dam on the upper fall and leased it to the Lewiston and 
Auburn Electric Light Company for 40 years. The company also furnishes 
water-power for Hutchins's factory, Parsons's mill. Whitman's agricultural 
works. Auburn foundry, Auburn pump factory, F. R. Conant's box factory, 
and other industries. The company employs 275 hands, has 21,776 spindles, 



City of Auburn. 649 



and 432 looms, uses 2,400 bales of cotton annually, and produces 3,600,000 
yards of 40-inch sheetings. The board of directors now consists of A. M. 
Pulsifer, W. W. Bolster, R. Wesley Dunn, S. D. Bailey, Elias Milliken, Joseph 
E. Briggs, S. M. Milliken. President, W. W. Bolster; treasurer and clerk, 
A. M. Pulsifer ; agent, William Hayes. ^ 

The Lewiston and Auburn Electric Light Company was organized February 
21, 1884, for lighting houses, stores, and streets, and furnishing power for 
machinery. The first officers were George C. Wing, president; F. W. Parker, 
treasurer ; George C. Wing, H. N. Wagg, F. A. Sawyer, N. I. Jordan, A. R. 
Savage, directors. The capital stock is $180,000. Present officers : A. R. 
Savage, president ; Daniel Briggs, treasurer ; N. I. Jordan, clerk ; George C. 
Wing, A. R. Savage, F. M. Jordan, L. S. Ruggles, D. J. Callahan, A. E. Frost, 
and N. I. Jordan, directors; F. E. Bisbee, general superintendent. The works 
are situated on the Little Androscoggin river. About 500 horse-power is used 
at the works, and in addition to this is employed 100 horse-power on the cross 
canal, Lewiston. The company furnishes lights for the streets of Auburn, 100 
arc lights in stores, and nearly 4,000 incandescent lights in stores and resi- 
dences. Its motors are in satisfactory operation in numerous business houses. 

The American Light and Power Company, E. W. Gross, treasurer and man- 
ager, uses the wooden dam on the Little Androscoggin river near Littlefield's 
tavern, to supply electric power and light. Estimated power, 1,000 horse- 
power. The company lias 40 miles of wire for lighting and power, five arc 
dynamos, and Brush alternator, capacity 1,000 lights and two 250-horse-power 
turbine wheels, ran five motors, two ten-horse-power motors and one six-horse- 
powei'. It has 300 arc and 500 incandescent lights in Lewiston and Auburn. 

Physicians. Those now in practice are J. W. Beede, B. F. Sturgis, A. M. 
Peables, W. K. Cakes, S. E. Wentworth, C. E. Williams, James Blaisdell 
(West Auburn), C. E. Philoon, G. B. Andrews, E. S. Coan, allopaths; Mary 
Bates Stevens, A. Sails, H. C. Hallowell, homoeopaths; D. N. Skinner, eye and 
ear. Beside those hereafter mentioned A. D. Edgecomb was in practice from 
1860 to 1874, R. L. Harlow 1867 to 1885, W. C. Hall 1873 to 1876, Henry 
Reynolds 1874 to 1882, G. L. Peaslee 1874 to 1884, E. C. Heath (horn.) 1875 to 
1883, John H. Blake at North Auburn for 30 years from 1849, C. K. Packard 
was at West Auburn from 1867 to 1876, and P. Bridgham from 1879 to 1882, 
and others for brief periods. Dr C. E. Philoon has been in practice since 1885. 

Richard Bradford, M.I)., a native of Turner and a graduate of Bowdoin in 
the famous class of 1825, took the degree of M.D. in 1829, commenced practice 

1 William Hayes, sou of William and Hannah Patterson Boynton Hayes, agent of Barker mill, was 
born in Lewiston in 1846, is a member of the G. A. R,, a Republican in politics, a Congregationalist in 
religion, and a member of the Sixth Street church. He married Anna W. Ham, May 27, 187(5. Their 
children are Edith H., AVilliam B., Mabel A. Mr Hayes has served for 35 years in all the different 
positions of cotton mill and office, and has been agent of Barker mill since 1879. 



(350 History of Androscoggin County. 



in Turner, and came to Auburn in 1835. In 1845 he relinquished regular 
practice for homoeopathy, which he followed during life. Dr Bradford had a 
large business, and at the time of his death was the oldest physician in the 
county, also one of the best linguists. He was a trustee of Lewiston Falls 
Academy for many years, a deacon and treasurer of the Congregational church, 
and a devoted Christian. He died December 21, 1875, aged 73 years. 

Silvester OaJces, 31.1)., was born in Temple in 1821, and was educated at 
Bowdoin, Harvard, and Dartmouth medical schools. After coming to Auburn 
in 1846, he took a high place in the medical profession, and served several years 
as trustee of Maine General Hospital. In 1855 and 1885 he was representa- 
tive ; from 1861 to 1866, postmaster. He was a strong Republican. He 
served in the city council, and refused the nomination of mayor in 1873. The 
Lewiston Journal said at his death, March 30, 1887: "Dr Oakes was one of 
the most highly esteemed men of the two cities. He lived a pure, generous 
life, was public spirited and zealous in good works. He was an active 
member of the High Street Congregational church. A grand old man has 
gone." 

WaUaee Kilhourne Oakes, M.I)., son of Dr Silvester and H. Eliza Oakes, 
was born in Auburn, November 6, 1850. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 
1870, receiving his degree of A.B. in 1870, and of A.M. in 1874. He acquired 
his medical title at Columbia College, New York City, in 1873. He served as 
Interne at Bellevue H()S[)itaI in 1873 and 1874, and became a physician in 
Auburn in 1874. He is a inember of Androscoggin County, Maine, and 
American Medical Associations, is a fellow of the American Academy of 
Medicine, ex-member of the U. S. Examining Board for Pensions, medical 
director of the Maine Benefit Life Insurance Association, was formerly surgeon 
and major of the 1st Regt. Inf., M. V. M., and is medical officer of the Grand 
Trunk Railway, and an attending surgeon of Central Maine General Hospital. 

William Kilhourne, 31. D., was born in 1802, in Fitchburg, Mass. He was 
dependent upon his own resources, but educated himself thoroughly for the 
medical profession. He studied with Dr Porter of Thetford, Vt, attended 
lectures at and was graduated from Vermont Medical College. In 1848 he 
came to Auburn from Wilton, at once engaged in a large, lucrative practice, 
and was in the front rank of physicians. At the time of his death he was one 
of the oldest practitioners in the county, and was highly esteemed. He owned 
much real estate in Lewiston and Auburn, and contributed to the growth of 
these cities. He died in Jul}'', 1870, and was buried with Masonic honors. 

Nathan Coy Harris, 31. D., son of Amos and Judith J. (Coy) Harris, was 
born in Minot, January 25, 1817. He was graduated at the Maine Medical 
School in 1842, and from 1851 practiced his profession in Minot, Lewiston, and 
Auburn. Although not in robust health he was a successful and popular 
practitioner until his death. May 15, 1875. He was a close student, and a 



City of Auburn. 651 



great reader and lover of classic literature. He was a member of Maine 
Medical and Androscoggin County Medical Associations and an early pres- 
ident of the latter. He married in 1845 Harriet Ann, daughter of W. H. 
Woodbury, of Minot. N. W. Harris, Esq., is their only surviving child. 

Henrif L. K. Wiggin, M.I)., was born at Wolfeborough, N. H., April 30, 
1820, and died at Auburn, August 20, 1875. He came in early life with his 
parents to Leeds. He received an academic education, and was graduated in 
medicine from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1847. 
He located first in Minot. In 1852 Dr Wiggin came to Auburn, and soon 
was eminent as a physician and surgeon. He was for a few months surgeon 
of the 17th Me. His medical library was one of the finest in Maine. He was 
a prominent and liberal member of the Congregational church for 20 years. 

Joshua WllUam. Beede, 31.1)., son of Phineas and Hannah L. (Purinton) 
Beede, was born April 29, 1832, in Poplin, N. H. He attended Phillips 
Exeter Academy, was graduated at Dartmouth in 1856. He attended medical 
lectures at Harvard Medical College, and at Bellevue Hospital, New York, 
where he received his degree in 1864. He located at Auburn, June 30, 1864, 
and has since been in practice. He is a member of Maine and Androscoggin 
Medical Associations, and has been president of the latter. He is an attending 
physician of Central Maine General Hospital, Dr Beede lias served as member 
of the city council, as one of the superintending school committee for eight 
years, and, in 1890, was secretary of the board of health. 

Benjamin F. Sturgls, M.D., was born in Gorham, October 28, 1837, and 
acquired his medical education at Bowdoin College and Harvard University, 
receiving his degree from Maine Medical School in 1863. He was assistant 
surgeon of the 19th Maine in the Civil War, and later was a physician at New 
Gloucester, He located in Auburn, October 1, 1867. He is an attending 
surgeon of Central Maine General Hospital, and a member of Androscoggin 
County and Maine Medical Associations, and has been president of both the 
latter bodies. Dr Sturgis has been prominent in civil affairs. He has served 
in both branches of the city governnent; was mayor in 1884, representative in 
1874 and 1875, and state senator in 1877, and has been entrusted with many 
responsible public positions. 

Davis N. Skinner, 31. D., son of Jordan and Eliza Skinner, was born in 
Lewiston, November 17, 1841. He was educated for his profession at Lewiston 
and Virginia, and received his degree of M.D. at Bowdoin College, June, 1867. 
Commencing practice at Portsmouth, N. H., he established himself at Auburn, 
August 1, 1872. He belongs to the Maine Medical Association, and the 
Androscoggin County Medical Association, of which he was president in 1889, 
and is an ophthalmic surgeon of Central Maine General Hospital. Dr 
Skinner devotes himself exclusively to diseases of the eye and ear. In these 
specialties he is unsurpassed in New England. A valuable volume on "The 



652 History of Androscoggin County. 



Care of the Eyes in Health and Sickness," written by him, was published 
iu 1891. 

Andreiv M. Peables, M.I)., son of James and Margaret M. Peables, was born 
in Danville, September 7, 1836. He received his medical education at Dart- 
mouth (N. H.) Medical College and was graduated in November, 1863. He 
was a surgeon in the U. S. army, and physician in Norway before coming to 
Auburn in 1873. He is a member and has been president of Androscoggin 
County Medical Association ; a member and vice-president of Maine Medical 
Association ; a member of American Medical Association; and is an attending 
physician of Central Maine General Hospital. 

/Stephen E. Wenfworth, M.B., born in Limington, August 26, 1837, was 
educated at- Limington Academy and Bowdoin College, receiving his M.D. 
from Maine Medical School in 1865. He practiced in Lovell and Brownfield, 
and came to Auburn in 1873. He is a member of Maine Medical and 
Androscoggin County Medical Associations. 

Mrs Mary Bates /Stevens, M.I)., daughter of Rev. George and Louisa 
(Prince) Bates, was born in Turner, March 18, 1839. She was educated at 
New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, New York City, and 
there received her degree of M.D. in March, 1875. She then established 
herself as a physician in Auburn. Mrs Stevens belongs to tlie Maine State 
Homoeopathic Association. 

Charles E. Williams, M.D., son of Barnaid and Elizabeth A. (Herrick) 
Williams, was born in Durham, A[)ril 6, 1848. His medical education was 
obtained at Maine Medical School, Portland School for Medical Instruction, 
and College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, and he was graduated 
from the latter institution in March, 1879. He began practice at Kingfield, 
Me, and in September, 1880, located in Auburn. He belongs to Androscoggin 
County and Maine Medical Associations, has been president of the former, and 
is an adjunct surgeon of the Central Maine General Hospital. 

George B. Andreivs, 3I.B., was boi-n in Paris, May 21, 1862. His medical 
education was acquired at the University of Vermont and Post-Graduate 
Medical School of New York City. He received his degree of M.D. from the 
University of Vermont in 1886. January 1, 1887, he located in Auburn, and 
is city physician and president of Androscoggin Count}^ Medical Association. 

EUsha Skinner Coan, M.B., was born in Exeter, January 26, 1843. He 
studied medicine with Dr David Evans, of Garland, and at the Maine Medical 
School (Bowdoin College), and was graduated as M.D. in July, 1870. He 
practiced in Bradford and Garland until coming to Auburn in December, 1887, 
He is a member of Penobscot County, Androscoggin County, and Maine 
Medical Associations. He served in the Twentieth Maine from July, 1862, to 
October, 1863, and in the U. S. S. corps in the Army of the Potomac from 
October, 1863, to June, 1865. 



City of Auburn. 653 



Alfred Sails, M.D., is a native of Burke, N. Y. He was educated at Ann 
Arbor, Michigan, and at Cleveland, Ohio, where he received his degree. He 
has practiced 12 years in Quincy and Marlboro, Mass. He purchased a resi- 
dence at No. 6(3 Goff street, Auburn, where he located in 1890. He is a 
honioeopathist. 

Frank I. Given, M.D., son of Josei)h M. and Mary A. Given, was born in 
Wales, April 24, 1861. He was educated for his profession at the Medical 
School of Maine and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, where 
he received his degree April 15, 1886. He first practiced in Auburn, and 
February 10, 1889, located at Hillsborough, New Mexico. He belongs to the 
Androscoggin County Medical Association and has been its secretary. 

Hotels. Elm Home, 37 Court street (see page 605); Revere House, 21 
Court street ; Pa7'k House, 263 Main street. This hotel is finely located, and has 
been recently refitted and steam heat introduced. L. C. Dunham, proprietor. 

Leading Traders. Oscar Holway ,f? Co. have an extensive wholesale 
trade in flour. Their great store-house is on the line of the Maine Central 
Ivailroad, and 14 to 16 employes are required. They are connected with the 
firm of Jeivett, Holway tf- Co., who do a large business in grain and feed and 
sell by the carload. 

Wood, Robinson c|' Co., ])aper jobbers, manufacturers' agents, and wholesale 
dealers in paper, paper bags, twine, tags, etc., 101 Main street. This business 
was opened in 1882, as C. A. Robinson & Co., but the firm soon took its 
present title. The members are B. F. Wood and C. A. Robinson. They have 
developed a large business, and have an ease of outgrowing their accommoda- 
tions that shows rapid increase of trade. 

Hill Brothers, wholesale fancy goods, furnishing goods, notions, etc., 
Franklin street, rear 57 Court. This business was commenced by Benjamin J. 
Hill, about 1865, with headquarters in Auburn, and one wagon on the road. 
In 1875 he located at 39 Court street. In 1880 C. W. Hill became a partner, 
and the firm took its present name. In May, 1890, the business was removed 
to their new store now occupied. Several traveling salesmen are employed, 
and a business of over $100,000 is done annually. 

R. W. Hansco7n ^ Co. (wholesale), furnishing and fancy goods, etc., 168 
Main street. Ruel W. Hanscom was member of the Boston mercantile house 
of Pierce, Jordan & Hanscom before the war. In 1864 he succeeded Jacobs 
& Cole, dry goods merchants in Lewiston, and was in trade there until 1868, 
when he and Frank Bartlett purchased the store of R. M. Jordan in Central 
Block. In 1869 Mr Bartlett retired and Mr Hanscom began business as R. W. 
Hanscom & Co. C. W. and B. J. Hill were for a time his partners. Since 
1886 the business has been in Auburn, and since October, 1888, in its present 
location. A large business is done, several salesmen are traveling, and nearly 
30 hands are employed in manufacturing clothing. 



654 History of Androscoggin County. 

L. S. Ruggles^ 114 Main street, wholesale confectioner, commenced trade 
in 1868, and now has from four to six teams on the road. T. A. Huston ^ Co., 
26 Main street, wholesale confectioners and bakers, have a large trade. E. F. 
Cross, 48 Court street, is another house in this line. 

M. A. Curtis ^ Co., commission merchants, do an extensive business, and 
is a branch of a large importing house of Boston. The sale of bananas is a 
special feature, reaching from 110,000 to $16,000 yearly. This firm is a heavy 
purchaser of Aroostook potatoes and a shipper of apples. Otis Hayford ^ Co., 
Miller street, also deal in produce. 

Dry and Fancy Goods. F. A. BartUtt cj- Son, 46 and 48 Court street, 
is the oldest dry goods house, dating back to the days before the war, when 
N. & J. Dingley were in trade.- The firm of J. S. Cobb & Co. was formed with 
Jeremiah Dingley and Frank Bartlett as members and traded where John 
Dingley & Co. now do business. Later he was in company with J. O. Foss, 
P. M. Woodman, and John F. Eaton. By 1877 he was in trade alone and 
continued to sell dry goods and groceries. In 1880 the dry goods and notions 
house of Bartlett & Jordan was established at 1 Goif Block, which, in 1884, 
became F. Bartlett & Son. The business is a leading one, requiring several 
assistants. The Atkinson House Furnishvm/ Co. located a branch of its business 
at 106 and 108 Main street in October, 1887, and do a large business in the 
sale of furniture, carpets, and house-furnishing goods. A. W. Fowles <f' Co., 87 
Main street, opened their fine store April 4, 1889. They occupy the first floor 
and basement and keep a large stock of dry goods, dress goods, shawls, etc., 
and employ six salesmen. W. H. Wigyin, 66 _ Main street, has acquired 
reputation and business by devoting himself to fancy goods alone and remain- 
ing in one location since 1872. 

Clothing, Etc. G-eorye W. Cobb, 57 Court, succeeding Haskell & Cobb, 
carries a stock of clothing, furnishing goods, hats and caps. A7-a B. Cushnan, 
56 Court street, has a finely-selected stock of clothing, furnishing goods, etc. 
J. H. Tivomhly ^ Co., 52 Court street, E. Cornish, 15 Court street, are merchant 
tailors. 

Coal, Wood, Hay, Etc. R. R. Smith ^ Son, 212 Court street. The 
business was begun 20 years ago and has kept full pace with the growth of the 
city. In 1883 Charles E. Smith became proprietor, and in 1884 was succeeded 
by the present firm, Hannibal R. and S. B. Smith. Employment is given to 
from eight to twelve men. Over 6,000 tons of coal is annually sold and a large 
wholesale and retail business done in wood and ha3^ H. P. Dormmi cf Co., 
Cross Canal, Lewiston, and 144 Main street. Auburn, is another old and reliable 
house. Bearee, Wilson ^ Co. do a large business in both cities. 

Ice. B. p. Field ^ Co.— This firm was formed in 1886 by D. P. Field, 
Hillman Smith, and L. G. Lord, all residents of Auburn. Their chief office is 
in Lewiston and their operations cover both cities. They employ quite a force 
and store 5,000 tons of ice. 



City of Auburn. 655 



Hides. *S'. P. ^liUer, 140 Main street: F. PenJey, 37 Knight street. 

Groceries, Etc. Jolin Dlngley §- Co., 86 Main street. This large estab- 
lishment has existed from ante-bellum days, and carries a great stock of goods, 
including groceries, crockery, lime, cement, etc. Dresser, 3IiUett ^ Co., 40 
Main street, have been in trade since 1889, succeeding A. W. Penley. C. A. 
Leonard, 94 Main street, succeeded to the business started by James M. 
Stevens (now dealing in fruits and confectionery on Court street) and Herbert 
A. Goss, in 1886, as Stevens cj- Goss. Peahles ^ Grarcelon, 70 Main street. 
This firm has existed from 1865, as L. F. Chase, Chase & Peables, Peables & 
Penley, and, since 1882, with present name. A. M. Penley, 98 Main street, 
established in 1883. John A. Sawyer, 108 Main street, has an extensive market 
in connection with groceries, and succeeds a business established in 1868, and 
lately conducted by Chase & Bean and John A. Bean. Littlefield ^ Gove, 186 
Main street, have been in trade about a year. Olfene ^f Holmes, 179 Main 
street, have been in trade some years. T. S. Pesniond, 15 South Main street ; 
J. P. Merrill, 64 Court street ; Kniyht cf- Chase, 69 Court street; A. C. Haley, 
174 Court street ; F. B. Norris tf Co., 54 Union street ; PhUoon ^ Brewster, 
49 Hampshire street ; Isaiah Mitchell, 62 Spring street ; Solon Maeomher, 203 
Turner street ; Edioin T. Stevens, 211 Turner street, are also grocers. Atwood 
^ Lowell, 220 Court street, have a business founded in 1873 by J. Q. A. 
Atwood. In 1876 Winchester G. Lowell came into the firm, which took its 
present name. C. S. Atwood succeeded J. Q. A. Atwood in 1877. This house 
does a large business. -/. C. Symmes, 178 Court street, was of the firm 
Symmes & Atwood, that founded the Old Guff Market on Main sti'eet, in 1879. 
He became sole owner in 1877, and has been in trade since. 

Hardware, Etc. George B. Brooks, 10 Court street, succeeds the busi- 
ness established in 1860 by his father, Barker Brooks, a prominent business 
man, who died in 1879. Inyersoll, Whitman cf* Co., 64 Main street, corner 
of Court, have a large stock of stoves, ranges, tin-ware, ci'ockery, glass-ware, 
etc., and hot-water and steam-heating apparatus, and do plumbing, and employ 
a large force of employes. L. W. Haskell ^ Co., 100 Main street, in connec- 
tion with stoves, ranges, etc., deal in hot-water and steam-heating apparatus, 
dust piping, dust separators, and exhaust fans, and are plumbers. The Good- 
year Shoe Machinery Co., 92 Main street, carry a full line of goods. 

Harnesses, Etc. Wood ^f Walker, 152 Main street, manufacturers of 
harnesses and dealers in trunks, satchels, robes, etc., succeeded Lyman Wood 
& Son in 1876. C. W. Covell cf Co., 90 Main street ; N. S. Fogg, 5 Turner 
street. 

Boots and Shoes. Attwood ij- Barrows, 60 Court street; W.F.Moody, 
74 Main street. 

Watches, Jewelry, Etc. The old house (founded 1875) of A. B. Hall 
is located at 55 Court street ; George E. Wills, at 84 Court street ; H. E. Doten., 
83 Main street. 



656 History of Androscoggin County. 



Books, Stationery, Etc. The oldest and largest firm is J. C. Haskell, 
55 Court street, successor to Haskell cj- Reynolds, who succeeded in 1886 to 
the business of Willard Small & Co., conducted since 1872. S. A. Pollister, 
88 Court street, established 1888. 

Cigars, Tobacco, Etc. J. B. Hmerton, 124 Main street ; W. A. Alden, 
10 Court street. 

Manufacturing Chemists, Druggists, Etc. Auburn Drw) and Chemi- 
cal Co., 68 Court street, was incorporated in 1887 with $50,000 capital, to 
manufacture remedies formerlj^ made by H. C. Packard & Co. The officers 
were S. F. Merrill president, N. W. Harris vice-president, H. C. Packard 
treasurer, W. B. Kilbourne secretary. This has grown to large proportions. 
The principal preparations are Pix Liquida Compound for coughs, A. D. & C. 
Co.'s Sarsaparilla Extract, Packard's Purity Tooth Powders, and other articles. 
They also carry on a large drug store and have several employes. Mr Packard 
is a natural chemist and pharmacist, and his 30 years' experience gives ample 
security that the preparations of this company are of the best. Dr Jolm F. 
True ^ Co. have their large laboratory and office in connection with the 
elegant residence of the senior member of the firm on Drummond street. Dr 
True's Pin Worm Elixir has been manufactured 40 years with a constantly 
growing reputation, and many wholesale dealers now order it. The museum 
connected with the office is large and uncommon, and the genial doctor takes 
great pleasure in showing the specimens and giving information. W. A. 
B-ohinson ^" Co., corner Court and Main, founded as Robinson & Beede in 1867, 
Smith ^ Cook, Goff Block, and B. L. Alden ^ Co., establislied in 1876, corner 
Broad and Main, are extensive druggists and manufacturing chemists. 

Dentists. Dr F. B. Bi(/elow, 72 Main street, is a native of Livermore. 
He has been a manufacturing dentist for 21 years, is thoroughly conversant 
with his profession, does faithful, conscientious work, and has held important 
trusts with as much skill and ability as he manifests in his dental operations. 
Other dentists are I. Croddard, 72 Main street; C. B. Payson, 76 Main street; 
1\ R. Howe, Goff Block; R. B. Record, 58 Court street; H. W. Field, 65 
Court street. 

Insurance and Real Estate. A^. I. Jordan cj- Co., Goff Block ; Verrill ' 
^Hutchinsoji, 83 Main street; Cumminys ^ Youny, 81 Main street; C. E. G-ar- 
celon, 57 Court street; '/. B. Hunton (real estate) ; C. H. Bray, 81 Main street; 
a. H. Bryant, 246 Main street; Miller ^ Owen, Goff Block; M. F. Ricker, 81 
Main street. 

Photographers. C. H Cumminys ^ Son, 68 Main street. 

Nurserymen. Homer N. Chase ^ Co., 81 Main street. 

ID. W. Verrill, who was collector of taxes of Auburn from 1873 to 1885, and city treasurer from 
1877 to 1891, when he declined a re-election. 



City of Auburn. 657 



SocEETiES, Etc. Besides those mentioned elsewhere, Auburn has these 
active organizations: Ruth Lodge, DaH<jhter>< of Rehekah; Enterprise, Eureka, 
New Auburn Lodges, Auburn Division (Uniform Rank), Harmony (sisterhood), 
KnigMa of Pijihiaa; Roi/al Conclave of Knights and Ladies; Knights of 
Honor; United Order of Golden Cross; L. of H. ; United Order of Pilgrim 
Fathers; Auburn, Prospect, and Lidustry (East Auburn) Lodges of Good 
Templars; Star of the East, R. T. of T. ; North Star lodge of New England 
Order of Protection. 



CHAPTER XXXVHL 



Universalist Churches — Congregational Churches — Baptist Churches — Free Baptist 
Church —Methodist Episcopal Churches — Episcopal Church— Y. M. C. A. — Schools- 
Ladies' Charital)le Society — Auburn Art Club — Associated Charities — Public Library. 

THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. — A Universalist society was organ- 
ized February 8, 1823, by the people of Minot, Danville, and Lewiston.^ 
February 4, 1829, a request is recorded to a justice for a warrant to call 
a meeting to form a Universalist society, signed by 45 voters of Lewiston, 
Minot, and Danville. Article second of the constitution reads: "The immoral 
conduct of any member shall be laid before the society by any member of the 
society knowing the facts. The defendant shall have a fair trial, and for 
minor offenses may be admonished and forgiven, but for drunkenness, gamb- 
ling, profanity, or theft he sliall be expelled. We will discourage the above 
vices as much as in us lies, and encourage religion and morality in every 
person." The first officers were Dan Read, moderator; John Smith, clerk; 
James Lowell, treasurer ; Calvin Gorham, Barton Anderson, Elisha Stetson, 
James Lowell, and Ephraim Richardson, standing committee; Dan Read, Esq., 
Elisha Stetson, and Stephen H. Read, assessors. At the first meeting it was 
voted to raise 140 by taxation for public preaching, and Joel Thompson, Dan 
Read, Esq., and Cyrus Barker were chosen delegates to the Kennebec District 
Convention. 

The Leiviston Falls Universalist Society was organized January 14, 1836, a 
new constitution adopted, and the object of the society defined to be "the 
promotion of religion and piety, and the suppression of vice and immorality." 

iThe Maine Universalist Convention had its origin in a council held June 24, 1828, in the dwelling 
of James Lowell in Lewiston. Eighteen clergymen were present; Rev. Wm Frost, of Dexter, was 
elected moderator; Rev. J. W. Hoskins, of Wiscasset, clerk. Delegates were present from 28 societies. 
The state was divided into four associations, and the Convention was constituted by all the Universalist 
ministers in the state and lay delegates elected by the associations. 



658 History of Androscoggin County. 



Any person of good moral character was entitled to membership. The first 
standing committee was Calvin Gorham, John Smith, and Jabez Merrill. 
March 18, 1836, Rev. David T. Stevens^ became pastor. The meetings were 
held alternately on each side of the river : in Lewiston, in a brick school-house 
near the Free Baptist church on Main street; in Auburn, in the school-house 
on Turner street. The society had preaching but half the time, the other half 
the pastor was employed at Minot Corner, Greene, Lisbon, etc. The salary 
paid was -fS.SO a Sabbath. The religious interest increased until the spring of 
1838, when a religious revival extended to all denominations, but effected this 
society to a great extent. April 25, 1838, a Universalist church was organized 
with 22 members which soon increased to 40. Among the early members were 
Dan Read and wife (Mr Read may be justly considered the father of this 
society), Robert Anderson and his son Barton, Dr Gorham and wife, Nathan 
Reynolds and wife, of Lewiston. Jabez Merrill, Capt. James Goff, Micajah 
Littlefield, William B. Merrill and their wives were early members. Mrs 
Elisha Stetson, Mrs J. Smith, and Mrs J. Goff were active Universalists; James 
Nash, Samuel Berry, Darius White, Nathan Briggs, Orrison Wood, and Samuel 
Read, of Lewiston, were strong supporters. Rev. W. R. French writes this of 
the early choir: "As constant as the return of Sunday they were in their places. 
John Smith sang with a clear, sweet voice, and never made any discord in the 
choir or elsewhere; Solomon P. Gorham was one of our prominent singers, 
and for some time a leader; Deacon Rowe was a member, and no man ever 
praised God more conscientiously; Mrs Mary Salina Read's voice made melody 
many years; Miss Julia Goff and Mrs Olivia French sang with spirit and 
sweet harmony ; James Goff, Jr, played on one violin, Nathan Reynolds on 
another, while Marshall Ford evoked music from the bass viol." 

Meetmfi-HouHe. — In the spring of 1838 measures were taken to build a 
house of worship, and F'ebruary 13, 1839, the meeting-house was completed, 
and nearly paid for; it was a creditable structure for the times and an orna- 

^ Rev. David Thurston Stevens was Lorn in Strong, April 17,1809. His early life was passed in 
Sumner, his educational advantages were the common schools and two terms at Hebron Academy. 
When 17 years old he became a Universalist, and in 1832 went to Westbrook and studied under the 
guidance of Rev. Mr Brimblecome, a Harvard student. In a few weeks he was called upon to deliver 
a discourse he had written, and this was so acceptable that another was called for, and he was soon 
sent into the field. He returned to Oxford county and preached as an evangelist for three years. In 
1836 he commenced his labors at Lewiston Falls, and preached here and at Minot Corner and Lisbon, 
In 1841 feeble health precluded such constant work, and he retired from a settled pastorate and 
engaged in agriculture, preaching occasionally. In 186.5 he went to Livermore Falls and remained 
several years there as pastor; then removed to Guilford for four years. He later returned to Auburn, 
where he is " tilling the soil." Mr Stevens has been a great religious worker, has organized churches 
in New Gloucester, Woodstock, West Minot, and many other places, and, although over 80 years of age, 
retains much of his original vigor. He married, December 3, 1834, Julia F. Cliurchill, of Hartford. 
Their surviving children are Edwin T., Julia F. (Mrs Augustine Young), Philena C. (wife of Rev. Wm 
A. Start, Secretary of Massachusetts T^niversalist Convention), Churchill S., Charles A., N. Maria, 
Harriet A. He married, second, Mrs Harriet N. Stevens, born in Eaton. 



City of Auburn. 659 



ment to the village. It stood on the site of the present High Street Methodist 
Church. The building committee was Samuel Berry, Stephen H. Read, and 
James Goff, Jr; the principal builders were Silas Bradbury, George Emerson, 
and Joseph Currier. On the morning of February 13, 1839, the church was 
dedicated to the service of the one living and true God. In the afternoon Rev. 
David T. Stevens was publicly installed pastor of the church and society. The 
sermon was by Rev. G. W. Quinby, of Turner. The first regular service was 
held the next Sabbath; the text was: "It is the Lord's doing; it is marvellous 
in our eyes." Rev. Mr Stevens labored here faithfully and with good results, 
until the fall of 1841. Rev. W. R. French came in May, 1842, remained nine 
years, and his pastoral duties were performed with fidelity and general 
acceptance. Rev. I. C. Knowlton was pastor one year, and was followed 
by Rev. Joseph A. Bartlett, who was here a few months. Rev. Massena 
Goodrich was a successful laborer in this field for two years. Rev. 
C. H. Webster closed his three years' service in 1858. Rev. G. W. Quinby 
supplied for awhile, and Rev. R. Blacker for a year. The society was now in 
a weak condition, but by the strenuous exertions and faithfulness of a few of 
its adherents it was strengthened and upheld, and by their efforts the church 
building was purchased by the society from the pew-holders. In the spring of 
1860, Rev. George Bates commenced a pastorate of three years, and his 
influence harmonized and cemented the religious forces of this church; a 
reorganization was effected in 1862 under the name of the First Universalist 
Church of Auburn, with this profession of faith: 

I. We believe in the One Living and True God, the Creator and Governor of the 
Universe, the Father and Friend of all spirits, infinite in every possible perfection. 

II. We believe in Jesus Christ, that he is the Son of God, and the Saviour of the world. 

III. We believe in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as containing a 
Revelation of the Character and Will of God and of the Duty and Destiny of Man. 

IV. We believe that God has purposed the salvation of all human souls from sin, and 
that all will ultimately be holy and happy. 

In the spring of 1863 the Lewiston residents withdrew and established a 
society and erected a church building. July, 1863, Rev. J. C. Snow was called 
to this parish. During his pastorate the meeting-house was rebuilt and the 
seating capacity enlarged from 56 pews to 80 pews, a large church organ pur- 
chased, the vestry finished and furnished, and the church membership greatly 
increased. Rev. Mr Snow resigned October 1, 1869, to take charge of West- 
brook Seminary. The desk was supplied mostly by Rev. George Bates until 
July, 1870, when Rev. O. F. Van Cise, of the Canton Theological School, 
became pastor. He resigned April 1, 1872. July, 1872, Rev. J. C. Snow was 
recalled. October 10, 1873, measures were taken for the organization of the 
First Universalht Parish of Auburn. This parish had 111 members. In 



QQQ History of Androscoggin County. 



November, 1874, a parish meeting was held in relation to building a new 
church. Ara Cushman made a proposition to donate the lot on Elm street, 
extending from Pleasant street to Spring street, to the parish, if they would 
erect a church and complete it by June 1, 1876, on that lot or on any other 
lot within the village proper. The parish voted to accept this generous 
proposition, and appointed Rev. J. C. Snow, B. F. Briggs, and Henry Willis to 
solicit funds for the erection of a church. B. F. Briggs, Henry Willis, O. B. 
Morse, Hiram C. Briggs, and I. C. Downes were chosen building committee 
January 4, 1875, and January 11 the parish authorized this committee to 
proceed to build on the Elm street lot. The corner-stone was laid June 3, 
1875. A box was deposited in the tower foundation containing a copy of the 
faith, covenant, and constitution of the church. Rev. D. T. Stevens's historical 
sermon preached Ma}^ 1864, a sketch of the history of the parish, copies of 
various denominational papers, minutes of Maine Convention of Universalists 
for 1873 and 1874, copies of Lewiston WeeMy and Daily Journal, Lewuton 
G-azette, Auburn Reformer, statistics of Lewiston and Auburn manufactures for 
1872-3-4-5, fractional currency then in use of the one, two, three, and five 
cent coins and private scrip issued during the Civil War, a copy of the pastor's 
address, and the order of exercises at the laying of the corner-stone. The 
church was completed and dedicated March 23, 1876. The dedicatory sermon 
was preached by Rev. J. C. Snow. Rev. Mr Gage, of Lewiston, Rev. W. E. 
Gibbs, of Portland, and Rev. D. T. Stevens, among others, taking part in the 
exercises. 

The church is cruciform in shape and of Gothic architecture, with transepts 
of shallow depth. The exterior is attractive, the lines of the walls broken by 
buttresses and gables. From the southeast corner rises a tower. The spire is 
graceful and is 100 feet high, containing a Meneely bell weighing 1,600 pounds. 
The roof is rich in gables great and small, in prodigal variety. LTnder the 
tower is a drive-way and porch. One entrance is under the tower, two are in 
the main front ; and one to the vestry and corridors, and one to the vestry, 
pulpit, and choir are on the south side. The main front has a fine rose window 
of stained glass, and the upper part of both transept windows are also of 
stained glass. There are nine other windows on each side, of ground and 
figured white glass. The interior length of the nave is 111 feet, the extreme 
transverse dimensions 75 feet, width of nave 51 feet, and the acoustic prop- 
erties are of the best. The vestibule on the main front opens into a corridor 
four feet below its level, which leads to a vestrj^ of 27x75 feet, library, and 
other rooms. Broad staircases at the ends of this vestibule lead up to the 
audience room vestibule, which opens by three entrances into the auditorium, 
which has a seating capacity of 700. Over each transept is a gallery seating 
66, and over the vestibule is a gallery seating 112. The transept seats and 
those in the transept galleries flank the pulpit. The organ is 16.5 feet wide, 



City of Auburn. 661 



10.5 in width, and 22 feet high, has 4 pedal movements, 32 stops, 1,667 pipes. 
It is back of the pulpit and the choir is in a gallery to the right. 500,000 bricks, 
125,000 feet of rough lumber, and 25,000 feet of ash lumber were used in this 
church edifice, which cost 845,000. The impression given by this beautiful 
edifice is one of restful and harmonious correspondence. It is an ornament to 
the city and a fitting shrine of worship. 

The First Univevsalist Parish held their first annual meeting in the vestry 
of the Elm Street church, January 1, 1877. Ara Cushman was elected 
moderator. 1878. April 8, Kev. J. C. Snow tendered his resignation, which 
the parish refused to accept. 1879. November 3, Rev. Mr Snow resigned. 
He had great ability as a gospel preacher and was a faithful pastor. 1880. 
January 5, the parish extended a call to Rev. George W. Perry, which was 
accepted; Rev. Mr Perry remained until 1883. At this time there was a debt 
of $8,000 on the church building, and after a partial canvass of the parish by 
a soliciting committee, the trustees decided to bring the matter into the church, 
and on the evening of April 30, after a discourse by Rev. C. A. Hayden, $6,000 
was raised. A unanimous motion was carried that Rev. Mr Hayden be invited 
to become pastor; it was then announced that probably his services could be 
secured if the whole amount could be raised, and at the close of the meeting 
the $8,000 was pledged. Mr Hayden became pastor and has continued until the 
present time. His labors have met with grand results, and the church is in a 
prosperous condition. 

The Sunday School was organized nearly 50 years ago, with but a few 
members. The average attendance in 1890 was 225; the largest number 
present at one session was 306. There are 28 teachers and 7 officers. The 
membership has increased 20 per cent, in the last two years. Miss Nancy Hill 
has had the management of the primary classes for over 20 years. These 
number over 75 pupils, and have three teachers. Henry C. Packard is the 
superintendent of the Sunday school and has served for 11 years. Helena L. 
Packard is secretary and Ida Ballard treasurer. The superintendents have 
been I)r Albert Merrill, Nathan Briggs, Ara Cushman, Edwin Stevens, Rev. J. 
C. Snow, D.D., Rev. C. A. Hayden, Henry C. Packard. The library has over 
1,000 volumes. 

The Elm Street lieaiUny Association has been maintained with lectures, 
reading, and study classes in the vestry. In connection with this a reading- 
room and library has been open to the public every afternoon and evening, 
which has been of great intellectual benefit. About 70 periodicals were kept 
on file and thousands visited it annually. It is now consolidated with Auburn 
Public Library. 

Universalist Society at North Auburn. — For many years its place of wor- 
ship was on the hill, now West Auburn. It had settled ministers, good 
attendance at church, and a church organization. As a large part of the 



662 History of Androscoggin County. 



congregation resided at North Auburn, it was deemed advisable to change the 
place of worship, and in 1858 a church was built in that village and dedicated 
in the autumn. The pulpit was supplied for a year or more, then Rev. A. 
Hitchins was settled, under whose ministry the society and church prospered. 
He was an earnest, zealous man. Revs H. Blacker and D. T. Stevens served 
as pastors for some time, and the society prospered. At the close of the war. 
Rev. Zenas Thompson was settled as pastor, and his services were enjoyed for 
several years. Rev. H. C. Munson, of Turner Centre, supplied this pulpit for 
a series of years, and acted as pastor. During all this time a flourishing 
Sunday school was sustained, it having been organized when the society wor- 
shiped on the Hill. Rev. Mr Chaffee was the last settled minister, but his 
labors closed after a year or two. Meanwhile, the village suffered much by 
removals and the burning of the shoe factory, and the consequent decline of 
enterprise in the place. Rev. W. R. French supplied, but prominent mem- 
bers died and the church was closed for a few years, and became unsuitable 
for use, and the society was disheartened. A successful effort was made to 
raise funds, and the needed repairs were completed in 1890, when public 
services were held, and large congregations for a small country village were 
in attendance. The society is now hopeful, and will make an effort to sustain 
public worship. 

Hujh Street Congreuatmial Church. — This church was organized in Lewiston 
at the North Meeting-house (Free Baptists), February 8, 1826, as the Lew- 
iston Falls Congregational church, with seven members : Benjamin Moore, 
Benjamin Murray, Josiah Little, Priscilla Murray, Mary H. Little, Hannah 
Freeman, and Juditli Jones, of Standish, by letter. The council met in the 
morning in the "old Harris house," in Lewiston, with these delegates: From 
Portland Second church, Rev. Edward Payson; New Gloucester, Rev. 
Plummer Chase and Thomas B. Little; Otisfield, Rev. Josiah G. Merrill; 
Minot, Rev. Elijah Jones and Chandler Freeman; Danville, Laban Loring; 
Poland, Daniel Waterman and Moses Harris; Turner, Rev. Allen Greely and 
Martin Bradford. Organized by choosing Rev. E. Payson, moderator; Rev. 
Allen Greely, scribe. Opening prayer by James P. Richardson ; sermon by 
Rev. E. Payson ; organizing prayer by Mr Merrill ; covenant and the right- 
hand of fellowship to the church by Rev. P. Chase; the Lord's Supper 
administered by Rev. E. Payson and Rev. E. Jones. January 5, 1828, David 
R. Loring was admitted into the church. January 5, 1829, Edward Little and 
Benjamin Mui'ray were requested to extend an invitation the second time to 
Rev. Calvin White to preach as a candidate for settlement over this and 
Danville cliurches. January 5, 1832, Deacon Josiah Little and Nancy Little, 
his wife, were received into the church by letter from Rev. Elijah Jones, 
pastor of the Congregational church of Minot. Miss Sarah Little, after 
examination, was also received into church membership. November, 1832, 



City of Auburn. 661 



Rev. Weston B. Adams was ordained pastor. Ecclesiastical council : From 
Augusta, Rev. Benjamin Taj)pan, Brother William A. Brooks; New Glouces- 
ter, Rev. Benjamin Rice, Deacon Ebenezer Collins; Turner, Rev. Allen Greely, 
Brother John Dresser ; Brunswick, Rev. George E. Adams; Danville, Deacon 
Laban Loring; Pownal, Deacon Simeon Jones; Minot, Rev. Elijah Jones, 
Deacon Isaac Allen. Sermon by Rev. Mr Tappan, text Nehemiah ix:36; 
charge to the pastor, by Rev. Mr Thurston; right-hand of fellowship, by Rev. 
Mr Adams; address to the church and society, Rev. Mr Rice; concluding 
prayer by Rev. Mr Greely. From the organization of the church until 1832, 
the church attended public worship. After the settlement of Mr Adams, the 
missionary society contributed -f 200 per year for several years, to aid the church 
in the support of a minister, his salary being ^400 per year. January 4, 1833, 
Deacon Laban. Loring and Mary, his wife, were received into full communion 
by letter from the Danville church. Josiah Little was elected deacon. The 
church worshiped in Lewiston and Auburn until the completion of the first 
church edifice in Auburn. 

November 14, 1833, the meeting-house in Auburn, located on Main street, 
near Drummond, was dedicated. Order of exercises as given by Andrew R. 
Giddinge: "1. Acceptance of Bible, in two vols, presented by Rev. Mr Adams, 
pastor; 2. Music; 3. Prayer by Rev. Mr Greely, of Turner; 4. An Original 
dedicatory hymn ; 5. Sermon by Rev. Mr Thurston of Winthrop; 6. Music; 
7. Address by Rev. Mr Jones of Minot; 8. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Havves of 
Topsham ; 0. Music; 10. Appointment of an evening service; Music, Dis- 
mission, Benediction." Mr Giddinge also gives us this account of Thanks- 
giving exercises, November 21: "There were present about fifty men, women, 
and children. Mr Adams read a portion of Scripture, and, after the singino-, 
Squire Little made a prayer. Another psalm was sung and Josiah Little, 
Esq., read a sermon of the late Dr Payson. Mr Adams made the concluding 
prayer, 150th psalm and doxology were sung, benediction, and we parted in 
peace." The First Church Choir was organized by Freeman Newell in his 
tailor shop, situated where Pha'nix Block now stands. Harriet Gould, Sarah 
Little (Mrs Charles Clark), David R. Loring and wife were among the singers. 
Mr Newell led the choir for 14 years ; at one time, while leading the choir, he 
played the base viol and sang tenor at the same time. This choir was a very 
harmonious one, as they sang for love and not for money. "Some Sundays 
there were more singers in the gallery than the minister had hearers in the 
pews below." The First On/an. — This was a very rickety old organ, bought 
second-hand in Boston. Miss Marantha Dunn was the organist. In 1838 
there was a revival in Auburn and Lewiston, and August 31, 16 candidates were 
propounded for admission into the church. November 21, 1838, Rev. Weston 
B. Adams, having asked for a dismissal on account of ill health, was by an 
ecclesiastical council discharged. July 24, 1839, Rev. Horace B. Chapin was 



664 History of Androscoggin County. 



installed pastor, and died October 28, 1840. His death was sincerely lamented. 
October 11, 1842, Rev. James Drummond' was installed pastor of the church. 
July 15, 1854, 31 jnembers residents of Lewiston, were dismissed from the 
church to be organized into a church in Lewiston. June 2, 1858, Mr Drum- 
mond, having asked for a dismissal, an ecclesiastical council granted his 
request. 

July 4, 1858, 31 persons were received into the church on profession of faith. 
October 26, 1858, Rev. Aaron C. Adams was installed pastor. June 15, 1862, 
the church creed and covenant were revised. July, 1862, 42 were received on 
profession of faith. August, 26 were received into the church on profession 
of faith. April, 1867, 27 persons were received on profession of faith. May, 
26 persons were received into the church on profession of faith. July, 7 persons 
were received on profession of faith. Under the pastorate of Mr Adams there 
were revivals in 1862 and in 1867. September 16, 1867, Mr Adams resigned 
his office as pastor. The ecclesiastical council met November 5, 1867, and 
dismissed Mr Adams, although his labors had been signally blest during the 
previous year, and there was no suggestion made tliat he lacked ability, piety, 
or good moral character. January 23, 1868, Rev. Henry L. Hall was ordained 
pastor. March 16, 1869, Mr Hall, having resigned on account of ill health, 
was dismissed. He was a man of enlarged Christian views, very assiduous in 
his ministerial labors, warm-hearted in social intercourse, and his sermons gave 
evidence of a sound, discriminating, and well-disciplined mind. October 6, 
1869, Rev. George Harris, Jr, was ordained pastor. Mr Harris, two years later 
asked for a dismission, which was granted January 15, 1872. The church and 
congregation were well satisfied with his sermons. Rev. A. B. Tinker was 
ordained and installed pastor October 16, 1873, and dismissed December 20, 
1882. He was much beloved by the people. He was succeeded by Rev. Henry 
C. Westwood, D.D., December 3, 1883, who remained until September 29, 1885. 
He was followed, in April, 1886, by Rev. F. S. Root as acting pastor. He re- 
signed in October, 1891. Mr Root, a scholarly man, took pride in the progress 
of the church. N. I. Jordan, T. E. Eustis, and Henry P. Dorman are the parish 
committee. The present house of worship, a good and convenient edifice, 
stands on High street, and the parish that built it is known by the name of 
"High Street Congregational Parish." The church has a seating capacity of 

^Rev. James Di-ammond was born at Bristol, in April, 1815, and was graduated at Bowdoin in 1836 
with the highest honors of his class. He was the leading member of the class of 1841 of Bangor 
Theological Seminary. In 1842 he became pastor here, and continued 1(5 years. While here he was 
the principal editor of the Maine Evangelist and an editorial contributor to the Lewiston Journal. In 
1858 he removed to Springfield, Mass. He died November 29, 1861. Dr J. G. Holland wrote of him: 
" His sermons were never dry. He never preached one without a reason for it. His sympathy with 
the people in all their pursuits, in their innocent pleasure as well as trials, enabled him to find and 
hold their hearts. Love was his atmosphere. He gave it to all — he craved it from all. There was 
no man so bad that he could not find some good in him; there was no life so evil that he did not strive 
to make some apology for it in temptation and circumstance." 



City of Auburn. 665 



800. The Sabbath school was commenced soon after the church was organized, 
and now has a membership of about 300. Edward Little, Esq., was superin- 
tendent for several years after the organization of the school. Since about 
1800 the superintendents have been John F. Cobb (Mr Cobb has been a mem- 
ber of the church over 42 years), John L. Merrill, J. C. Haskell, Henry W. 
Oakes, H. P. Dorman, and W. A. Robinson. Rev. James Heath, the church 
missionary, is doing a noble work in holding religious services, distributing 
books, and aiding many temporally and sjnritually. 

Sixth Street Congregational Chureh (New Auburn). — ^In January, 1874, a 
Union Sunday school was organized and held its sessions in the first school 
building on Sixth street. This was the nucleus of the Sixth Street Congrega- 
tional Church. The present chapel was completed in March, 1875. Two years 
ago an addition of a vestry was made to meet the needs of the society. The 
church was organized September 16, 1875, with these persons: David Ripley 
Loring, Sarah Hayes Loring, Susan Loring, Isaac Haskell, Anna Briggs 
Haskell, Samuel Parker Merrill, Ellen Mary Merrill, Dorothy Pettingill, 
Florence Jose[)hine Bolster, Mary Josephine Bolster, A. M. Pulsifer, Hattie C. 
Pulsifer, Horatio B. Pulsifer, Augusta E. Pulsifer, Ella Martha Woodbury, 
Denancia Amanda Gilbert, Hattie Newall Lane, Josephine Rivers, Fannie 
Mennealy, George Shaw Morse, Martha Anne Morse, Lauriston Reynolds. 
Rev. Lauriston Reynolds was also ordained to the gospel ministry and became 
pastor. He remained until August 2, 1885. His successor was Rev. L. J. 
Thomas, the present past(n", who commenced his labors with this church 
September 20, 1885. [He was born at Eagle Hill, Pa, was educated at 
Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pa, Bangor Seminary, and Yale University. 
He was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational church at Castine, 
June 18, 1875, and afterwards was at Reed City, Michigan.] The deacons are 
William Maloon and Samuel Parker Merrill. Isaac Haskell (deceased) was a 
deacon. The number of church members at present is 159. The membership 
of the Sunday scliool is 157. The school is in a prosperous condition under 
the efficient management of Mr B. L. Pitman, its superintendent. The books 
in the library have been selected with great care. Sixth Street Church affords 
an admirable illustration of Christian unity and true catholicity. Among its 
members and working force are many who doubtless would affiliate with 
churches of another order elsewhere, who here work heartily together for the 
common good. 

West Auburn Congregational Church. — In 1805 a meeting-house was erected 
at Minot, now West Auburn, and was occupied by the Congregationalists until 
the death of their pastor, Rev. Jonathan Scott, October 19, 1819. It was then 
used by Congregationalists, Baptists, and Universalists. The Congregationalists 
bought the property, and in 1846 built a new church edifice on the same site. 
Previous to May 1, 1844, this territory had been a part of the United Congre- 



666 History of Androscoggin County. 

gational Church of Minot, but on that date the West Auburn Congregational 
Church was formed with 86 members. The first pastor was Rev. Thomas G. 
Mitchell; he was installed in November, 1846, and remained until January, 
1850. In September, 1851, Rev. Thomas A. Lord became pastor. In 1852 
and 1853 the membership was much increased. Mr Lord closed his labors in 
1857, and, October, 1858, accepted a second call from the church and society, 
and was duly installed. His long and faithful services here continued 
until 1872. Rev. Lewis Goodrich came in October, 1872, and he also was 
clerk. In 1873, 15 members were added by letter. In 1874 the church manual 
was revised by a committee of the church; this year there were three addi- 
tional members. Rev. Mr Goodrich was pastor until May 29, 1875. Rev. 
Joseph Cogswell commenced his pastorate here, of six years, October 31, 1875. 
He was succeeded by Rev. John S. Bachelder in 1882, who died January 27, 
1884. There were but few additions to the membership during the last 
decade. In 1885 Rev. Mr Reynolds and others held a series of meetings; 9 
persons became members. From 1883 to December, 1888, the pulpit was 
supplied by Bates College professors, and Rev. Mr Woodrow, who preached at 
stated periods in 1886 and 1887. December, 1888, Rev. Leander P. Gurney, 
commenced his ministerial services. West Auburn being to a certain extent a 
summer resort, the congregations are much larger during the summer. The 
chief cause of the decline in the prosperity of this church was the removal of 
business to Auburn. In 1889 the church building was extensively repaired, 
and there is now a very inviting audience room. In 1890 the vestry was 
repaired and beautified, furnished, and a fine reed organ put in. The Sunday 
school has about 30 pupils. S. N. Grose is superintendent. He has been 
church clerk for five years and contributed the data for this sketch. 

Court Street Bapfiat Church. — In the spring of 1859 the brethren of the 
Lewiston Falls Baptist Cliurch and others residing on the west side of the river 
in Auburn, believing "that it would be for the interest of the Baptist cause, 
and also the promotion of Christ's kingdom in the Avorld," conceived the idea 
of forming a Baptist church in Auburn, and a meeting of the church was called 
and a committee chosen to call a council. The council met the last of July, 
and expressed their approval. A lot was purchased on Spring street, and a 
chapel capable of seating 300 persons was built during the winter at an expense 
of 11,300, and dedicated April 6, 1860. March 24, 1860, voted unanimously 
to give Brother Nathaniel Butler a call to become pastor of the church and 
society when formed. The call was most cordially accepted. June 14, 1860, 
an ecclesiastical council met for the organization of a church, to be known as 
the Spring Street Baptist Church. Deacon Elijah Barrell was chosen moderator, 
and Rev. A. H. Gould, of East Auburn, clerk. The council was composed of 
Rev. William H. Shaler, Rev. G. W. Bosworth, and G. F. Emery, Esq., of 
Portland; Rev. N. M. Wood, Rev. J. Colder, R. E. Madison, and D. T. 



City of Aubuen. 667 



French, of Lewiston ; Rev. L, S. Tripp and G. Wright, of Sabattus ; Rev. A. 
H. (touUI, Deacon G. H. Woodman, and J. Nash, of East Auburn; Deacon 
William Dingley, Jeremiah Dingley, and J. Miller, of Durham ; Deacon Elijah 
Barrell, of Greene. After the proceedings relative to the forming of the 
church and the calling of the council wei'e read, it was "voted that we 
recognize these Brethren and Sisters as a Church of Christ." Rev. N. M. 
Wood preached the sermon, Rev. G. W. Bosworth offered the prayer of 
recognition. Rev. William H. Shaler gave the charge, and Rev. Dr Knox 
presented the right-hand of fellowship. Rev. Nathaniel Butler was chosen 
moderator; I, B. Kimball, clerk; Thomas Deering, treasurer; and Henry 
Bangs, deacon. 

OrUjinal l/em6e7-.<t. — Nathaniel Butler, Jemiette Butler, I. B. Kimball, Calvin Record, H. R. Smith, 
Levi Gould, William Jordan, E. G. Coffin, Emma Coffin, Abbie P. Coffin, Susanna Coffin, Abigail J. 
Norton, Henry Bangs, Lovina Bangs, John Hicks, Elizabeth B. Smith, Elizabeth P. Smitb, Abbie 
Kimball, Thomas J. Daws, Mary Daws, Minerva C. Dingley, L. E. Hicks, M. L. Record, M. J. Jordan, 
Lovina Merritt, Sarah A. Morse, Ada M. Morse, Adelia S. Morse, Lydia A. Gould, Amelia C. Gould, 
Hannah E. McKenney, Ruth P. McKenney, Olive J. Vickery, Philip A. Briggs, Rossie E. Phillips, 
Mary Varney, D. W. Wiggin, Abraham Libby, Lavinia Libby, William H. Lambert, V. A. Stetson, 
Thomas Storah, Marietta Storah, Emma J. Libby, Susan G. Stackpole, Thomas Deering, Lucy Cham- 
berlin, Mary E. Harlow, William H. Wiggin, Caroline A. Jordan, Faustina Harris, Margaret C. 
Deering, Betsey Wiggin, Lucinda E. Wiggin, F. M. Jordan, Bethena Jordan, Ichabod Reynolds, Laura 
A. Reynolds. 

The first baptism occurred Sundajs June 30, 1861. The church member- 
ship was gradually increased by letter and baptism until 1862, when a gracious 
revival resulted in the addition of many members, and a decided amount of 
strength to the church. May 10, 1863, Mr Butler resigned. His resignation 
was accepted with regret for the loss of an able and efficient pastor. December 
1, Harris Smith Inman was ordained to the ministry and settled here as pastor. 
Mr Innuxn resigned January 1, 1866. Rev. G. P. Mathews, of Bath, succeeded 
him, March 21, 1866, and it was voted to make the pastor's salary J|1,000. 81 
members were received during this year, and Dr J. W. Beede, who was chosen 
to write the letter to the Baptist Association, reported encouraging progress. 

June 4, 1867, D. T. French and William Randall were chosen deacons. 
July 23, 1867, voted to license Brother Moses C. Hanscom to preach the 
Gospel, after listening to his exercise, and call him to the Christian ministry, 
as it was very evident that God was calling him to labor in his vineyard. The 
annual meeting of the Baptist Association was held with this church in 1867. 
August 1, 1868, H. R. Smith and D. T. French were chosen deacons. June 5, 
1870, voted to expend the money in the treasury towards furnishing a baptistery. 
Rev. Mr Mathews resigned in April, 1875. His pastorate was a prosperous 
one, and the church membership was greatly increased. Rev. W. A. Depew 
succeeded Mr Mathews in November, 1875, and resigned November 20, 1876, 
and a unanimous invitation was extended to Rev. Francis W. Bakeman, of 
Peabody, Mass., to become pastor, which was accepted, and he was installed 



668 History of Androscoggin County. 

January 3, 1870. His labors met with marked results; 82 members were 
received by baptism, and 42 by letter, during his pastorate. April 20, 1884, 
Mr Bakeinan resigned his pastorate, and December 24, Rev. Edwin C. Whitte- 
more entered upon his pastoral duties. Rev. Charles A. Towne succeeded Mr 
Whittemore in 1890. Silas Sprague is church clerk. The Sabbath school is 
in a prosperous condition. Nathaniel Melcher is superintendent. 

Present Church Building. — In the spring of 1867 the rapid increase of the 
church and parish imperatively demanded a larger house of worship. February 
4, 1868, the lot on Court street, just west of the court house, was purchased for 
$4,000. H. R. Smith, D. T. French, and F. M. Jordan were the building com- 
mittee, and May, 1869, ground was broken for the erection of the new building. 
In January, 1869, the old chapel was sold, and the society commenced worship 
in the vestry of the new house. August 25, 1870, the new building was 
dedicated. Occupying a commanding site, built of brick with brown stone 
trimmings, its exterior walls 95^x72 feet and 43 feet in height, the whole 
crowned by a lofty spire, the edifice presents an imposing appearance, corre- 
sponding with its elegant interior. The vestry is 37x60 feet, from which open 
several smaller rooms. The audience room is 68x60 feet, and capable of 
seating 800 persons. The building cost over |i40,000. 

llie Baptist Cliurch of 3Iinot was organized February 17, 1807, at the house 
of Deacon James Perkins, by delegates from New Gloucester, Hebron, Buck- 
field, and Sumner, with these members: James Perkins, Amos Harris, John 
Woodman, Samuel Swett, Alpheus Drake, Thomas Records, Betsey Perkins, 
Isabella Harris, Lydia Millett, Sally Webster. This is now the East Auburn 
Baptist Church. A church building existed "on the east side of the pond" as 
early as 1827. In 1849 a meeting-house was built and dedicated, which cost 
1*1,300. In 1868 the record says "our meeting-house was on fire and too far 
advanced to save the house or furniture." A new one was soon erected and a 
church organization has been maintained till the present. Elder George Ricker 
became pastor in February, 1811. In 1824 eight members were dismissed to 
join the Baptist church in Turner. In 1825 a revival occurred, 12 joining the 
church. In 1839 conference was had with Elder Smith. In 1840 Noah Hooper 
became pastor. In 1843 Elder Joseph Hutchinson was employed at |2 per 
Sabbath. In 1844 Elder Ricker became pastor, with Joseph Hutchinson as 
colleague. May 16, 1850, Hiram C. Estes was ordained pastor, he to have 1400 
per year. He was dismissed September 24, 1852, on account of ill health, and 
February 11, 1853, A. J. Nelson was settled and preached till October 15, 1855. 
Rev. A. H. Gould became pastor October 4, 1856. November 5, 1860, he was 
dismissed with regrets. Rev. A. Snider came October 5, 1861. Deacon Daniel 
Briggs, who left the church quite a legacy, died October 29, 1862. In 1865 
Rev. N. Whittemore was pastor. He was dismissed November 3, 1866. Hiram 
Woodman died October 5, 1865. Rev. C. A. Cooke commenced preaching 



City of Auburn. 669 



half the time January 1, 1868. He was succeeded in June, 1871, by Rev. N. C. 
Everett; and he in August, 1873, by Rev. A. J. Nelson. In June, 1876, came 
Rev. A. A. Ford, who remained till 1879, when, in June, Edward S. Ufford 
was ordained pastor and served until October, 1881. 

May 7, 1880, Mrs Julia Woodman, Mrs Ann M. Townsend, and Mrs Emily 
Allen were chosen deaconesses. March 1-1, 1880, died Deacon Greenleaf H. 
Woodman, one of the venerated pillars of the church. Rev. Andrew Hopper 
came in June, 1885. His health failing, he was given leave of absence in 
December, went to Florida, where he died April 12, 1886. Rev. James Heath 
preached one year, commencing in September, 1886. Rev. H. B. Marshall 
preached from November 8, 1888, to March 30, 1890. Rev. F. H. Gile began 
preaching April 13, 1890. W. C. Allen has been the efficient church clerk 
since 1885. It is said that Mrs Joana (Glover) Bird, wife of Captain Aaron 
Bird, presented a communion service to this church which is yet in use. 

Court Street Free Baptist Cltureh} — A call was issued and a warrant pro- 
cured and signers obtained to hold a meeting April 25, 1859, to complete the 
organization of a Free Baptist meeting in Auburn. The following names 
were on the call: H. G. Garcelon, T. H. Longley, William Libby, I. C. Lom- 
bard, David E. Carle, Joseph Littlefield, Rufus Penley, Allen Pompilly, F. T. 
Howard, F. H. Nickerson, D. H. Rendall, J. W. Pompilly, W. R. Folsom, W. 
H. Small, Joseph W. Perkins, Henry McKenney, Thomas N. Mabury, Jesse 
Hayes, Paul Curtis, John Smith, Jr, J. F. Adams. The meeting was organ- 
ized by electing H. G. Garcelon, chairman, and F. H. Nickerson, clerk. A 
code of by-laws had been prepared, which were adopted and signed by the 
above-named persons. Meetings were then commenced in Auburn Hall, Rev. 
O. B. Cheney preaching on Sundays. The meetings were a success from the 
start. A Sabbath school was organized and H. G. Garcelon was chosen super- 
intendent. Application was made to Bowdoin Quarterly Meeting for a 
council to organize a church. The following brethren were sent for that 
purpose: Revs O. B. Cheney, Gideon Perkins, S. W. Gould, Bros S. N. Tufts 
and A. M. Jones. The meeting was held in Auburn Hall, August 14, 1859, and 
the church was organized under the name of The Second Free-Will Baptist 
Church, Lewiston Falls. These persons united with it, I. C. Lombard, William 
Libby, Aaron Chamberlin, H. G. Garcelon, Daniel Grover, David E. Carle, 
Joseph W. Perkins, Charlotte Ramsdell, Mary Hayes, Mary A. Conant, S. E. 
Perkins, Abbie G. Hackett, Lucy B. Merrill, Enoch Penley, John Smith, Jr, 
Rev. E. T. Fogg, Ruth Smith, Louisa Goss, Rosalina S. Fogg, Eliza H. Cum- 
niings. I. C. Lombard was elected clerk and treasurer ; William Libby and 
Allen Pompilly, deacons. The first pastor was Bro. S. N. Tufts. He was 
ordained and installed October 20, 1859. The leading ones were intensely 

iBv H. G. Garcelon. 



670 History of Androscoggin County. 



in earnest; prayer-meetings were held at private houses, and well attended; 
a growing interest was manifested, and the utmost harmony prevailed. The 
matter of having a church building was now one of great interest, and in the 
spring of 1860 a part of the lot where the church now stands was purchased, 
and a chapel, 50x32 feet, was commenced and completed, and dedicated in 
January, 1861, and the name of the society and church changed to Court 
Street Free Baptist Society. The cost of the church building and furnishing 
was $2,000. John W. Perkins and Mrs Lydia Howard, although not mem- 
bers, each gave -flOO towards its erection. Tlie church now had a home, 
excellent meetings, and united in the work for the Master. 

Bro. Tufts closed his labors in January, 1863, having added 65 to its 
membership. He was an able and devoted minister. Rev. A. K, Moulton 
commenced as pastor in June, 1863, and rendered good service, added 50 to 
the membership, and closed his labors here in March, 1867. An invitation was 
extended to A. H. Heath, then in Bates College, to become pastor, which was 
accepted, to commence in Januar}^ 1868. Kev. C. E. P>lake was engaged to 
supply, and was much liked ; 24 were taken into the church during his supply. 
The attendance gained so much the church building was raised and enlarged, 
and a vestry put in, at an expense of i4,000. It was re-dedicated in January, 
1868, when Mr Heath was ordained and installed pastor. He remained with 
the church until July, 1870, when he resigned. During his pastorate 60 came 
into the church. Rev. E. N. Fernald commenced a pastorate of three years 
in October, 1870. October, 1873, in consequence of an injury on the cars, 
he resigned. He raised |3,300 to pay the debt of the society, and added 34 to 
the church. C. E. Frost, a Bates theological student, then supplied. He was 
assisted occasionally by Rev. J. S. Marriner, who was installed pastor, April, 
1875, and the 16th of May, 55 were received into the church, mostly by 
baptism. These conversions were the result of Messrs Frost's and Marriner's 
labors. The attendance continued to increase under Mr Marriner's ministra- 
tion, and it was decided to remove the old building, secure an addition to the 
lot, and commence the erection of the present church edifice. Plans were 
made by Messrs Stevens and Coombs; the foundation laid by Mr B. H. Joslin. 
The contract for the building was taken by Messrs Dinsmore & Greenleaf, for 
110,000. The work was commenced July 14, 1877, and completed in April 
1878. The size of the house is 113x57 feet, the steeple 165 feet high : there 
are 126 pews in the body of the house, and 37 in the gallery, with a seating 
capacity of 800. It has a fine organ costing $2,750 ; a bell weighing about 
1,700 lbs, costing .|!600, paid for by subscriptions obtained by Bro. Marriner. 
The cost of the church and furnishings, exclusive of the lot, was |!l8,000. 
The lot is a large one, and is finely located. Mr Marriner closed his success- 
ful labors in August, 1880. Rev. C. E. Blake supplied until December, 1880, 
when Rev. J. J. Hall commenced as pastor. He remained until March, 1886. 



City of Auburn. 671 



147 members were added to the church, and the society debt was greatly 
reduced during his sta3^ The college professors supplied mostl}^ until Rev. 
Thomas H. Stacy commenced his labors in July, 1886. At this writing, 1891, 
he is still the pastor. 87 have been added to the church under his teachings. 
The whole number of members since its commencement is 676. Some of the 
members who have gone to their rewards have made donations in their wills to 
the society. The wife of Hon. James Dingley gave $1,000; William Haskell, 
1400 ; Mrs Rev. John Chaney and Joseph Hutchinson also remembered the 
society. The present church membership is some over 400. This church has 
always maintained a good Sabbath school, and large numbers of the church 
members have been and still are connected with it. The present average 
attendance is about 200; L. G. Lord, superintendent; H. G. Garcelon, 
secretary. 

MetliodiHt Episcopal ChurcJi. — Prior to 1845 Rev. Thomas Greenhalgh, a 
man of great natural ability and spiritual fervor, preached a few times at 
Lewiston Falls while he was pastor of the Poland circuit. [See page 363.] 
In 1846 W. L. Davis, who married Ann, daughter of Rev. Mr Greenhalgh, 
moved to Lewiston and became leader of the first permanent class. Besides 
himself and wife the members were : Stephen Blethen, George W. and Thomas J. 
Foss, William and Ursula Coleman, Charles L. Oliver, William Staples, Hannah 
Furbish, Mary Herrick. Mr Davis soon came to Auburn and tlie class-meetinw 
followed him, convening at his house. Among the prominent early members 
were: "Mother Foss," VV. L. Davis and wife, David Leavitt and wife, Reuben 
Ingalls and wife, John Stimpson and wife, Charles Kyle, John Covell, Samuel 
Hicks, and others. Auburn became a separate charge in 1861, with Rev; 
Joseph L. Morse, pastor. The class then had 30 members, and meetings were 
held in the old Congregational church. Rev. John Collins was the next 
pastor, and, in 1863, Rev. Parker Jaques was a[)pointed. He was a very 
interesting preacher. During his pastorate the society worshiped in Auburn 
Hall. In 1864 Rev. John C. Perry was pastor. He was a good preacher and 
pastor. Part of the time of his stay Armory Hall was the jilace of meeting, 
but during his pastorate a church was completed on Hampshire street. Rev. 
C. F. Allen preached the dedication sermon. Other denominations built more 
elegant churches in more favorable locations, and took higher positions in the 
community. Some prominent families joined other societies, and this little 
church, though blessed with a succession of able pastors and frequent revivals, 
was for many years a feeder of other churches. The pastors from 1864 were: 
1865, R. J. Ayer; 1866, C. C. Cone; 1867, W. N. Richardson; 1868-9, D. B. 
Randall; 1870, David Church; 1871, J. R. Day; 1872, F. Grovenor ; 1873, 
E. Martin ; 1874, Z. H. Zimn^erman, first, and later, G. D. Lindsay, who was 
continued in 1875-6-7; 1878, J. F. Hutchings ; 1879-80, W. S. Jones; 1881-82, 



672 History of Androscoggin County. 

Thomas Tyrie ; 1883, I. G. Spiague, Stephen Allen, D.D. ; 1884-5-6, G. D. 
Lindsay; 1887-8-9, A. S. Lacld ; ^ 1890, H. Hewitt; 1891, F. C. Rogers. 

During the pastorate of D. B. Randall a vestry was built and other 
improvements made. A double house was built on the church lot; one for 
parsonage, the other for rent. During Mr Martin's stay the church was 
greatly encouraged. Mr Lindsay's first pastorate proved a great blessing. 
His executive ability and pastoral efficiency brought the society up to a good 
degree of prosperity, and quite a large number were converted. Mr Jones 
did good service. While he was here the church debt was nearly cancelled. 
Rev. Thomas Tyrie was an able preacher and extremely popular, but he 
supposed that it was only a question of time when the long struggle would 
end by the withdrawal of Methodism from this territor}^ and advised members 
to join other churches. Some took his advice, but a small number did not so 
interpret the leading of Providence, and when Mr Sprague took charge, with 
indomitable courage, mighty faith, and great zeal, the little band gathered 
around him. He bought an excellent church site on High street, and began 
to plan for a new edifice. B. F. Teague, Mark Morse, and George P. Martin 
were made a building committee. Mr Sprague's courage, zeal, and ardent 
piety won the admiration of the community, and many gave practical sympathy 
and substantial aid. The old church property was sold, and Mr Sprague gave 
half his salary to the new building, but in the midst of his labors he was 
prostrated by hemorrhage of the lungs. This was a heavy blow to the society. 
However, Rev. Stephen Allen, D.D., was sent as sup{)ly. He was a careful 
and prudent business man, and liis management in this crucial year was 
admirable. At the solicitation of the society. Rev. G. D. Lindsay was again 
appointed, and the church was completed, and dedicated by Bishop Foster, 
October 27, 1884. J. W. Hamilton, D.D., of Boston, also preached, and 
managed the financial work with characteristic skill. It was a day of great 
rejoicing for Auburn Methodists. 

The church, valued at |18,000, is of Gothic architecture, with the pews and 
inside finish of hard wood. It is finely frescoed, upholstered, and supplied with a 
good pipe organ. The auditorium is one of the most beautiful in the country, 
with a seating capacity of 600. There are two memorial windows ; one for Mother 
Foss, the other for Mrs Hill. The other windows are stained glass of artistic 
design. There is a large vestry, two small ones, and a kitchen. During Mr 
Lindsay's pastorate the debt was reduced to |3,000, and the membership 

1 Rev. A. S. Ladd was born in Phillips, June 17, ISoS. In addition to district-school education he 
received private instruction in Latin, Greek, etc. He became a Methodist when but 18, and in 1860 
joined Maine Conference. AmonR his pastorates have been, East Wilton and Temple, Strong, New 
Sharon, Kent's Hill, Waterville, Biddeford (twice), Bath (twice), Portland, Lewiston, Bangor, Auburn, 
and Gardiner. He is an efficient preacher, a faithful pastor, a prominent platform speaker, and a 
popular temperance lecturer. He has been a trustee of Maine Wesleyan Seminary for several years, 
and twice a member of the General Conference. Colby University gave him the honorary degree 
of A.M. 



City of Auburn. 673 



increased. In Mr Ladd's first year the finest parsonage in the Conference was 
built adjoining the church. B. F. Teague, Hillman Smith, and G. P. Martin 
were its building committee. The style is a modified Queen Anne, and the 
property is valued at -f4,000. The " liouse-warming " occurred May 10, 1888. 
The Ladies' Circle has tastefully furnished it. This church is now one of the 
most desirable appointments of the Conference. Its membership is 200, and 
it has a flourishing Sunday school of 175 attendants, under the superintendence 
of C. W. Hill. Connected with the society is an organization of King's 
Daughters, and a chapter of the Epworth League, both organized during Mr 
Ladd's pastorate. 

North Auburn Methodist Church} — North Auburn, previous to 1854, had 
no stated preaching of the gospel. Occasionally the pastors of the Congrega- 
tionalist and Universalist churches at West Auburn preached in the school- 
house in the village. The people who attended church went to West Auburn. 
The Christian people of the place made the religious and moral situation a 
subject of earnest prayer, and kept up the agitation for the stated ministrations 
of the Gos})el until June, 1855, when Rev. Gideon Perkins, a Free Baptist 
clerg3-man, of Lewiston, was engaged to preach in the school-house one-half of 
the time for six months. A Sunday school was organized, with Thomas J. 
Bonney for superintendent, and a union class was formed which met weekly at 
the house of Mr Bonney for social worship. Late in the autumn Rev. Ezekiel 
Martin, of North Turnei', a Methodist local preacher, was invited to come and 
minister to this people. He preached one-half of the time until the spring 
of 1856, at which time he was admitted to the Maine Conference, and 
appointed to this germ of a church. He organized a church under the 
discipline of the M. E. church, consisting of five members: Beniah Niles and 
wife Samantha, Lysander Ricker and wife Caroline, and Mrs Mary Bailey. 
Mr Martin was very successful in his work and greatly strengthened and 
encouraged the church, proving himself the right man in the right place. In 
the spring of 1857 Rev. W. A. Steward was appointed preacher in charge; an 
extensive revival prevailed during that year and many were added to the 
church. He was re-appointed for 1858 and in addition to his pastoral work 
superintended the erection of the present church edifice, which was dedicated 
December 9, 1858, Rev. George Webber, D.D., preaching the sermon. Kins- 
man Atkinson was appointed for 1859. Through his efforts a nice organ was 
purchased, which is still in use. The society has been favored with constant 
preaching and pastoral service by these ministers: S. V. Gerry, 1860; D. B. 
Holt, 1861, 1862, 1863; E. K. Colby, 1864, 1865; G. W. Ballon, 1866, 1867, 
1868; W. Strout, 1869; T. Hillman, 1870; T. J. True, 1871, 1872; D. Perry, 
1873; A. Hatch, 1874; L G. Sprague, 1875, 1876; F. Grovenor, 1877; L. B. 
Green, 1878, 1879; John Gibson, 1880, 1881; W. B. Bartlett, 1882; J. 

1 By E. P. Crafts. 



674 History of Androscoggin County. 



Moulton, 1883, 1884, 1885; VV. F. Beriy, 1886, 1887; G. G. Powers, 1888, 
1889; F. W. Snell, 1890. Extensive revivals prevailed under the pastorates 
of Ballou, Sprague, and Grovenor. In 1878 between 30 and 40 members were 
dismissed and were organized into the M. E. Church of Turner. The society 
suffered a heavy loss in membership by the removal of the shoe business to 
Auburn. Beniah Mies, S. B. Skillings, E. P. Crafts, O. W. Bailey, S. Curtis, 
T. B. Verrill, and S. Hicks have served as class-leaders. The Sunday school 
has been a constant and increasing help in maintaining the means of grace. 
Daniel Cofifin, J. E. Ashe, D. H. Meserve, B. H. Howard, R. B. Howe, and E. 
P. Crafts have served as superintendents. 

Church of the Heavenly Best {Ujnscopal). — This parish was organized 
June 19, 1890, with Charles Bartlett as warden ; William Crawshaw, treasurer; 
Albert Duckworth, clerk. The parish hall was commenced in October, 1890, 
and used for service on the following Christmas day. The building is 28 by 60 
feet, 13 feet posts, has a seating capacity of 200, and cost about -12,000. The 
lot is sufficiently large for a church and chapel, and is one of the pleasantest 
located church lots in the city. There are now, February, 1891, about 100 
communicants connected with the parish, and this society will undoubtedly 
have a prosperous future. 

The Auhiirn Yoioir/ Mens Christian Association was organized April 12, 
1867, in the vestry of the High Street Congregational Church, with Frank L. 
Dingley, president; N. I. Jordan, H. G. Garcelon, Charles W. Hill, A. K. P. 
Jordan, vice-presidents ; John S. Adams, secretary : J. W. Beede, cor. secretary; 
Frank Bartlett, treasurer; Reuel Hanscom, D. W. Wiggin, R. M. Jordan, 
Joseph Littlefield, W. L. Davis, Samuel Hicks, A. M. Pulsifer, John Pickard, 
directors; John Stinson, W. H. Moore, Geo. E. Strout, Moses Hanscom, I. A. 
Smith, P. M. Woodman, John Given, A. H. Trufant, R. F. Foss, J. R. Learned, 
John F. Cobb, Bennett Fuller, standing committee. May 27, a room was 
dedicated in Phoenix Block, and, in the fall, the association opened a library of 
1,000 volumes, and in 1873 had increased to 2,000. In 1877 the association 
erected a -122,000 building. The last •tlO,000 of this was paid in 1890. It 
occupies on the second floor a pai-lor and prayer-room ; reading-room ; a library 
of 2,000 volumes ; gymnasium; bath-rooms, etc. Social and educational work 
is pursued in receptions, training class, practical talks, etc. In the religious 
department two meetings are sustained, at 9.30 a.m. and at 4 p.m. The average 
daily attendance at the -reading-room is 75. The officers of the association in 
1890 were: John F. Cobb, president; H. P. Dorman, vice-president; J. W. 
Stetson, recording secretary; H. C. Day, treasurer; A. W. Barnard, physical 
director; H. M. Piper, assistant secretary and librarian;- J. R. Learned, Geo. 
P. Martin, J. W. Stetson, H. P. Dorman,^ H. M. Packard, C. T. Nevens, L. G. 
Lord, Ernest Rowe, C. W. Hill, J. F. Bowie, W. A. Robinson, A. K. P. Jordan, 
H. C. Day, A. W. Moulton, Geo. H. Brown, T. A. Huston, F. A. Haskell, Wm 



City of Auburn. 675 



Hayes, I. N. Haskell, John Pickard, directors. The presidents have been 
P'rank L. Dingley, Dr Jackson, P. M. Jordan, R. W. Hanscom, Charles Hill, J. 
R. Learned, A. K. P. Jordan, J. B. Jordan, Geo. P. Martin, John Pickard, 
Andrew Cummings, Geo. H. Brown, William Hayes, William Robinson, Frank 
Haskell, B. S. Rideout, John F. Cobb; the general secretaries, F. W. (3ber, 
Edward Duryee, T. P. Day, H. C. Wilson, A. W. Barnard, E. T. Garland, 1891. 

iSrhooIs. — The children of the settlers received most of their schooling prior 
to 1826 in district and private schools. Orra Raynes (Mrs J. D. Davis), one 
of the first of the pnblic school teachers, still lives (1891) in Auburn at an 
advanced age. In 1826 tlie old red school-lionse, which stood until 1854, was 
built, near the old "clay bank" on Turner street, and served also as a church 
building until 1848. Robert Martin, Joseph, Sarah, and Mary Frye, and 
(Uiarles and Harriet Chase were among the earliest teachers here. In 1834 the 
Lewiston Falls Academy was incorporated. [See Danville.] In 1843 15 
school districts were established by Enoch Littlefield and Thomas B. Little. 
In 1852 a brick school-house was built in the rear of the academy. It con- 
tained two school-rooms, one 36^ by 33i feet, the other 18 by 22^ feet, and cost 
•12,000. In 1856 Auburn schools had 1,207 scholars, and those of Danville 
695. In 1867 there were these districts: Littlefield Mills, West Auburn, 
Haskell, Dinsmore, Dillingham, Plains, East Auburn, Emerson, North Auburn, 
Briggs, Woodman, Bradbury, and Gowell. District No. 9, known as the 
Village district, contained 782 of the 1,348 scholars in the town, and had 
primary and intermediate schools on Spring and Academy streets, and a 
})riinary school at the armory, besides the school in what had been until 1866 
the Perry ville district. Danville had 12 school distiicts; 33 teachers were 
employed in Auburn and 17 in Danville during the year. The school com- 
mittee of iVuburn was J. W. Beede and M. D. Chaplin; of Danville, J. W. 
Peables, S. P. Rounds, and M. Woodbury. 

By the city charter of Auburn, granted in 1868, " all the power and 
authority now vested in the several school districts are vested in the city 
council." Charles K. Packard, Harrison O. Whitman, Addison Small, Frank 
L. Dingley, Nahum Morrill, J. W. Beede, Enos T. Luce, John F. Cobb, Isaac 
Rounds, and Liberty H. Hutchinson were elected a school committee. -110,000 
was appropriated for schools and f|l,800 for repairs on school-houses. School- 
houses were built on Pine street for the primary department, at North Auburn 
for the grammar and primary, and in Woodman's, Danville Corner, and Dan- 
ville Junction districts. In 1871 school-houses were built in the Plains, 
Dillingham Hill, and Plummer districts, and in two districts formed by the 
consolidation of the Littlefield and Verrill and the Walker and Brick school- 
house districts. In 1874 a brick school-house — the Webster school building — 
was erected on the corner of Spring and School streets, at an expense of 
118,000. In 1877 the city council provided free text-books. In 1882 a school 



676 History of Androscoggin County. 

was established in North Perryville, and a school-house was built at Young's 
Corner. The handsome new building on Merrill Hill was finished and dedi- 
cated in 1890. There are now 32 schools : Webster Grammar, Lincoln Gram- 
mar, Webster Primary, Franklin Primary, Washburn Primary, Chamberlain 
Primary, Douglas Primary, North and West Auburn Grammar, West Auburn 
Primary, North Auburn Primary, Dillingham Hill, Plains, East Auburn, Per- 
kins's Ridge, Young's Corner, Mount Auburn Avenue, Woodman, Gowell, 
Stevens's Mills, Haskell's Corner, Littlefield, Marston's, Hotel Road, Danville 
Junction, Danville Corner, Eveleth, Plummer, Jordan, Crockett, Penley's, and 
Rowe's. 58 teachers were employed in 1889, and the total attendance was 
1,801. The total value of school property in 1890 was '|>79,000 ; high school 
building and park, -f 30,000 ; grammar school building and lot, !|25,000 ; other 
city school buildings, 113,000; rural school buildings, #11,000. During the 
school year 1890-91 $4,615.98 was expended for the high school, and $21,725.05 
for schools. 88 pupils were graduated from the grammar schools in June, 
1891 — Webster 52, Lincoln 11, North and West Auburn 5, East Auburn 6, 
rural grammar schools 14. 

The superintendents of schools have been: A. M. Jackson, 1870 and 1871; 
Addison Small, 1875; G. T. Fletcher, 1883 and 1884; F. E. Burnette, 1885. 
From 1886 to 1889, Prof. W. W, Stetson was superintendent of city schools, 
and Nathaniel H. Woodbury of rural schools. In 1890 the last-mentioned 
office was abolished, and Professor Stetson assumed charge of all schools. 
When no superintendent's name appears in the above list, the duties were 
performed by the school committee. In the schools of Auburn an especial 
love of countr}^ is quickened by a study of the lives of famous Americans on 
the anniversaries of their birth, by the flags above the schools, and by the 
contribution of flowers to deck the soldiers' graves and participation in the 
memorial exercises on Decoration Day. In other places flags have been given 
to schools by friends or patriotic organizations, but Webster Grammar School 
was the first school in the United States to raise a flag paid for by the scholars. 
In the year ending March 1, 1891, the pupils of Douglas, North Auburn 
Grammar, East Auburn A^illage, West Auburn Primary, and Mt Auburn 
Avenue schools purchased handsome flags, and Franklin, Merrill, Chamberlain, 
Washburn, and Lincoln schools were presented flags by societies and indi- 
viduals. With such schools, bearing such rich fruit of intelligent patriotism, 
Auburn need have no fear of her future. 

Edward Little High School. For the generous conditions and history 
of the transfer of Edward Little Institute to the city, see Danville. These 
conditions were accepted January 31, 1874, and the transfer was soon effected. 
In November, 1883, the building was burned and the high school was main- 
tained in Auburn Hall until the present elegant edifice was completed in 1885. 
The building is one of the finest school buildings in the state. It is constructed 



City of Auburn. 677 



of brick with granite trimmings, three stories and basement, 60 x 90 feet, with 
a semi-circular wing supporting the tower. The first floor contains assembly, 
recitation, and dressing rooms, and office; the second, recitation and apparatus 
rooms, laboratory, and library of over 1,000 volumes. The principals have 
been: George E. Gay, 1874 and 1875; Charles E. Fish, 1876, 1877, 1878, and 
part of 1879; John A. Morrill, spring term of 1879; J. W. V. Rich, 1879, 
1880; George C. Purinton, 1881 and 1882; Dr D. O. S. Lowell, 1883; Charles 
H. Clark, 1884 and 1885; Prof. John F. Moody, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 
1891. The present faculty (April, 1891,) is: Prof. John F. Moody, principal; 
Charles A. Washburn, 1st assistant ; Laura E. Mclntire, 2d assistant ; Helen 
Beede, 3d assistant; and Lulu H. Hutchins, 4th assistant. Professor Moody 
was born in Kingfield, Me. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy, and 
attended Colby University. Although his enlistment in the army prevented 
his completing his course, he has received degrees from Bowdoin and Colby. 
He has been a teacher since he was 14 years old and has taught over 100 
terms of school. He was principal of Yarmouth Acadeni}^ two years, of 
Hebron Academy seven years, and of Bridgton Academy nine, coming to 
Auburn in 1886. Professor Moody is a thorough, careful, accurate student, 
and strives to cultivate in his pupils his own habits of patient and diligent 
study. His schools have been uniformly successful, and the men and women 
who have graduated from them have pleasant memories of their old instructor. 

Tlie Ladies' Charitahle Society was organized about 1875, to relieve the 
worthy poor. The organization was kept up by a faithful few, and, Novem- 
ber 8, 1886, as an outgrowth of -this body, ''The Auburn Home for Aged 
Women" was formed as a corporation. The officers then chosen were: 
Ara Cushman, president; Mrs Mary Bates Stevens, Mrs F. L. Dingley, vice- 
presidents; James Dingley, treasurer; Dr J. W. Beede, secretary and treasurer 
of the board of managers. This board was composed of Mrs F. M. Richards, 
Mrs A. Stinson, Mrs Abbie C. Libby, Mrs Julia W. Cushman, Mrs Sarah A. 
Hersey, Mrs Susan French, Mrs Mary F. Hill, Mrs George Jones, Mrs Esther 
C. Alden, Mrs B. H. Preble, Mrs Harriet C. Pulsifer, Dr B. F. Sturgis. 

The Auburn Art Club was organized March, 1880. Its original membership 
was twelve. Mrs Caroline W. D. Rich was its first president. It is a ladies' 
club for the study of art in the broad sense of the word. The membership is 
now fifty, to which number it is strictly limited. The club looks forward to 
possessing a building of its own. 

The Associated Charities of Auburn was incorporated November 25, 1889, 
with these corporators: J. W. Beede, Samuel F. Merrill, William Hayes, Ara 
Cushman, John N. Foster, Mrs A. C. Libby, Mrs D. O. Richards, Mrs Rhoda A. 
Pratt, Mrs Harriet C. Pulsifer, Mrs Louisa A. Wagg, and Nathan W. Harris, 
and was organized to relieve the worthy poor by securing harmonious and 
intelligent action by the different charities of Auburn ; to prevent begging 



678 History of Androscoggin County. 

and imposture; to enconi-age self-dependence and industry through friendly 
advice and sympathy ; to prevent children from growing up paupers ; to aid 
in the diffusion of knowledge on subjects connected with the relief of the 
poor. It is doing a noble work. 

Auburn Public Librari). — Auburn is indebted for the public library, which 
was recently added to its educational institutions, to the energy and progres- 
sive spirit of her Board of Trade. In an interview published in the local 
newspaper and at a meeting of the Board the claims of a public library were 
presented for the consideration of the citizens of Auburn by Prof. W. W. 
Stetson. The discussion of this matter bore fruit at a meeting of that 
organization held July 1, 1890, when VV. W. Stetson, Thomas E. Calvert, 
Henry W. Cakes, H. W. Merrill, and Charles E. Wing were appointed a com- 
mittee on public library. October 10 the committee submitted an exhaustive 
report, recommending the appointment of a committee to effect an incorpora- 
tion, and to raise the funds to equip and maintain a ''working" public library. 
There were 51 corporators (ladies and gentlemen), and the organization was 
effected October 27, when the name '■'•Auburn Public Library Association'''' 
was adopted. Ara Cushman was chosen president, but resigned, and S. F. 
Merrill was elected; George H. Brown, C. S. Yeaton, vice-presidents; Nathan 
W. Harris, treasurer; J. W. Mitchell, clerk; and W. W. Stetson, John A. 
Morrill, A. M. Pulsifer, (jeorge P. Martin, S. F. Merrill, J. W. Beede, trustees. 
By-laws were adopted, providing that any person might become a life member, 
entitled to a vote at all meetings, and eligible to any office, and to the use of 
the library for himself and family, on payment of -125, or of |15 and $1 per 
year; or a member for one year for i3, or be entitled to the use of the library 
for one year for -11 ; and that any person donating 1500 might name an alcove 
in the library. Committees were appointed to secure the necessary funds by 
subscription. Mrs Angela Smith Whitman, already well known by her liberal 
endowment of the Old Ladies' Home, was the first contributor, requesting 
that her $500 should be expended upon books on reform and social science. 
1500 donations were also made by Ara Cushmaii, Samuel F. Merrill, W. W. 
Stetson, Frank L. Dingley, Burnside Post, G. A. R., Auburn W. C. T. U., 
Auburn Art Club, and Charles L. Cushman, Murray B. Watson, George E. 
Davis, and H. W. Merrill, jointly. Mr and Mrs Charles Clark contributed 
1200, and each of the following subscribed |100 : Dr J. W. Beede, Jonas 
Edwards, Oscar Holway, George P. Martin, L. Linn Small, B. F. & F. H. 
Briggs, H. G. Foss, and Mrs W. W. Stetson. The Franklin Company donated 
a lot valued at -15,000, which, with the cash subscriptions, brought the assets 
nearly to 113,000. About 450 different persons showed their interest in this 
worthy cause by joining the association and subscribing for its endowment 
and support. When the canvass was completed a committee of the trustees 
was appointed to prepare lists of books for the library, which was located over 



City of Auburn. 679 



the banking-rooms of Auburn Trust Company on Court street. The system 
of cataloguing used is the Dewe}^ system, Miss Annie Prescott, the librarian, 
having made that a study. The library opened to the public August 11, 1891. 
The report of the committee, which formed the basis of the action of the asso- 
ciation, recommended that the funds should be used to equip a working 
library with the best books of reference and standard works in every branch 
of literature. Fiction and light literature are represented by the best writers, 
but especial attention has been given to science, history, belles-lettres^ biography, 
juvenile works, and social science. An accomplished scholar and librarian of 
large experience says of the Auburn Public Library, that it would be impossible 
to find a more useful or more carefully selected one of its size (about 3,500 
volumes) in the country. A free reading-room, supplied with leading mag- 
azines and newspapers is connected with the library. 



James Gojf' was born in St John, N. B., in 1760, and was impressed at 
Boston by a British frigate, from which he escaped in the West Indies. He 
enlisted in the American army in 1776, and was "entitled to wear a medal for 
seven years' honest service." He married Anna Stubbs, of Falmouth, about 
1785, and located first on Goff's hill, in Minot, and later settled between Lake 
street and Merrill hill. P'or many years he was "fugleman" in militia 
trainings and musters. He died aged nearly 99. James G-off, Jr, born in 
1797, was a trader in 1821 at Stevens's Mills, in 1823 moved to Goff's Corner 
and was the leading trader until 1852. In 1824 he bought the land on Court 
street from Auburn Hall to Main street, and fronting 102 feet on Main street, 
for 'f 137. He was postmaster for 15 years, and was representative from Minot 
when Auburn was incor[)orated and gave the name to the town. He built the 
residence now occupied by Dana Goff in 1854. In the fii'e of 1855 he lost six 
stores and two houses. He became a large owner of property now very 
valuable, owning a tier of lots on the east side of Goff street, and from the 
west side of Goff street, north of Court, all the territory over Goff's hill, 
including Highland avenue. Western promenade, and Lake street. He also 
owned the south side of Court street from Atwood & Lowell's store to the 
woods opposite his residence. He died July 15, 1872. His children are Dana, 
Horace, Julia A. (Mrs A. K. P. Welch), Sewell, and Charles. 

Daiiiel Briggs came from Taunton to New Gloucester in 1777, the same 
year made a home in 4'urner. In 1785 Daniel, Jr, (born 1764, died 1839,) 
came to Minot and took up a 200 acre lot (9 on Bullen's plan). He married, 
first, Betsey Bradford; second, in 1817, Mary Milliken. His children settled 
in Auburn, Turner, Lewiston, and Livermore. They were Charles, Lurana 
(m. Calvin Gorham), Tiley (m. Abijah Gorham), Betsey (m. Nathan Reynolds), 
Daniel, Rizpah (m. Galen Jones), Serena, Chandler, Jennet (m. Nathaniel 
Drake), Roxana (m. Stephen Packard), Hiram C, Ann H. Hiram C. Briggs, 



680 History of Androscoggin County. 



the sole survivor of the children, married, first, Hannah G. Alden. Children: 
Benjamin F. and Alden G.; second, Semira Briggs. Children: Daniel, Ansel, 
Betsey married J. Wealey Richer. Their children are Daniel Wesley and 
William Briggs. Mr Ricker is son of Joseph and Eliza (Walker) Bicker, and 
a descendant from early settlers of Poland. He is a Republican, and has been 
a member of the common council and of the board of aldermen, and a useful 
member of the school committee. August 23, 1861, he enlisted in Co. C, 8th 
Me, and served three years. In 1881 he located upon the farm in East Auburn, 
and makes a specialty of dairying. In 1800 he made and sold 4,152 pounds of 
butter. He is lecturer of Auburn Grange, No. 4, P. of H. Benjamin F. Briygs 
married Sarah, daughter of Harvey and Mary (Johnson) Dillingham. He is 
prominent in affairs, and, with his son, Frank H., conducts the famous Maple 
Grove stock farm. 

WiUiam Briyus., born in 1743, in Massachusetts, came in May, 1797, to 
East Auburn, bringing -$2,000 in silver in a bread trough. He settled on the 
place now owned by Royal J. Bradbury, and died February 2, 1820. His 
children were: William., wlio came here before 179(3, and cleared and lived on 
the city farm. He died June 18, 1855, aged 85. Of his three children, Mrs 
Hiram C. Briggs is the only survivor; Nathan settled where his son, Darius, 
lives, and built the brick house in 1826; Geonje has descendants here; Jolm 
married Esther Allen, died in 1853 aged 68. His farm is now the stock farm 
of B. F. Briggs; Daniel married Rhoda Larrabee, and succeeded to the home- 
stead. He died October 29, 1862. He taught the first school in East Auburn, 
was a Baptist deacon, a Whig, and held many town offices. John Calvin 
Briggs, the venerable genealogist of East Auburn, is his son. 

John Dinyley, a blacksmith, came from England in 1637 to Lynn, Mass. 
Removing to Sandwich on Cape Cod, in 1640 he made his home and was 
granted a lot of land in Marshfield. Jacob,^ son of John,' had a son, John,^ 
born 1670, from whom descend the Dingleys of America. John^ m. Sarah 
Porter, 1702, and had two sons, Jacob* (born 1703) and John. Jacob* m. 
Maiy Holmes and had three sons, Abner, Jacob ^ (born 1727) and Joseph. 
Jacob ^ m. Desire Phillips and had several children. The oldest son, William,^ 
(born 1749) m. Sarah Jordan and came about 1773 from Duxbury to Cape 
P^lizabeth. In 1793 he took up a farm on the Androscoggin in the southeast 
part of Danville and gave his name to Dingley's Ferry. Here he died in 
September, 1812. His children were Jeremiah, William, Abigail (m. James 
Jordan), Polly (m. Samuel Wagg), Lucy (m. John Penley), Esther (m. David 
Crockett), and Sarah and Susannah (who, in succession, ra. Matthias Vickery). 
Jeremiah' m. Lucy Garcelon and had ten children: Jordan, Julia (Mrs 
Socrates Dow), Nelson, James, William. Nancy (Mrs Wm Brewster), Lucy 
(Mrs Isaac Lambert), Jeremiah, Sarah E., Susan G. (Mrs Cornelius Stackpole). 
He married in 1837 a second wife, Mrs Secomb Jordan, and moved to Durham. 



City of Auburn. 681 



He died iu Auburn in 1869. Nelson^ (born 1809) married Jane, daughter of 
Isaac and Mary (Strout) Lambert in 1831 and now resides in Auburn. His 
sons are Nelson, Jr, and Frank L. 

Moses Crafts, of Newton, Mass., in 1630, was the ancestor of the Crafts. 
A descendant, John Staples Crafts, was a physician in North l^ridge water, and 
late in life came to Minot, and died Ma}' 6, 1816. His sons were Thomas, 
Samuel, John, Moses, Zibeon, Edward. Edward late in life located in West 
Auburn, and bequeathed •ii'10,000 to charitable objects. Moses and Zibeon 
settled at West Auburn, where the}' lived to old age. Martin, son of Moses, 
lived in West Auburn and had a large family. Zibeon had sons, Caleb, 
Zibeon, and Frederic. Their descendants are residents in this section. Moses, 
son of Martin, died in Auburn in 1887; he was a shoe manufacturer, but for 
'several years had devoted his time to his farm, where he built a fine residence. 

NatJian Haskell, of Welsh ancestry, came from Gloucester to New Gloucester 
in the last half of the eighteenth century. He had 14 children. Nathan, the 
eldest son, was a farmer in the Merrill Hill school district in Auburn; Harry 
L. Haskell, of Auburn, is a grandson. Deacon Samuel Haskell settled near 
Danville Corner, and lived there nearly 50 years. S. F. Haskell and D. W. 
Verrill, of Auburn, are his grandsons. Isaiah Haskell was born in New 
Gloucester in 1786. Before 1805 he settled on the Nathan W. Harris farm, 
where he lived over 50 years. He married, in 1835, Sarah Chandler, born in 
Yarmouth in 1800. Their son, Joseph C. Haskell, has been in the book and 
stationery business in Auburn for many years, and has held various official 
positions. 

Capt. Aaron Bird, born in 175(5, came from Dorchester, Mass., about 1800, 
and settled on Bird hill, and built a large two-story, flat-roofed mansion, which 
stood until 1876. His wife was Joanna Glover, of Marblehead, Mass. Capt. 
Bird died December 12, 1822. His son. Royal Bird, born in 1799, married 
Polly lieynolds, a daughter of Deacon Ichabod Reynolds, who, with his wife, 
Polly (Brett) Reynolds, came from Bridgewater, Mass., and settled on Briggs's 
hill. Royal settled in Windsor, soon after his marriage, where his children, 
Charles, Mary Brett (married Phillips Bradford), and Edward W. were born. 
Becoming hopelessly ill, lioyal returned to Auburn, and died March 25, 1827. 

Col JVathatiiel Lowe I)i(/ersoll, born at New Gloucester, May 10, 1790, came 
to Danville Corner in 1814 and opened a store. He married (1) Anna, 
daughter of Andrew R. Giddinge. Children : Ann E., Sarah H., Caroline G., 
Nathaniel L., John H., Hannah. (2) Nancy, daughter of Nathaniel Clark 
(who came from Limington in 1837, and bought the Giddinge farm). Chil- 
dren : Abby C. (Mrs Elkanah Walker), Harriet W. (telegraph operator at 
Danville Junction). Col IngersoU was postmaster 24 years, representative 
several terms, selectman, and deputy-sheriff, a Democrat in politics, and an 
original member of the Danville Congregational Church. He died June 4, 



gg2 History of Androscoggin County. 



1870. John H. Inf/ersoU nianied Hannah, daughter of George Emerson. 
Children : Anna, Sarah E., Grace, George E., Adelaide W., Hattie M., Edith M. 
Mr Ingersoll was a successful teacher, but for several years has been in 
railroad business. Two of his daughters are successful teachers. 

Lahmi Lorhif/, of Hinghani, was the first hatter in the Kennebec valley, 
and a merchant of Bath for years. In May, 1822, he purchased a farm of 175 
acres in Danville, and built the house used for a tavern for many years, and 
now the residence of David R. Loring. He was a man of influence and a 
deacon of the Congregational church at Danville Corner. He died, June 20, 
1844, aged 77. Children : David R., Samuel P., Lydia, Susan (Mrs Samuel 
Pickard). David R. Loring was born in Bath, November 22, 1797, followed 
the sea in his youth, and then came into possession of the homestead. He 
married, June 11, 1833, Sarah, daughter of Deacon John Hayes, of Yarmouth, 
a lady of marked amiability and Christian character, who died July 8, 1890, 
in her 87th year. Mr Loring, although at the venerable age of 94, looks upon 
the world with a cheerful face, has a kind word for all, and is a much-respected 
citizen. His children were Charles P., who graduated from Bowdoin in 1859, 
from a New York medical college in 18(32, and located in Providence as a 
physician. He died in 1877, aged 42 years; Mary J. married, first, Dr A. B. 
Foster, a native of Livermore. Dr Foster practiced many years in Providence, 
where he died in December, 1885. His worthy traits of character, genial 
disposition, and great professional skill won him lasting friends. About 1875 
he purchased a farm in Auburn and passed his summers here. He was the 
first in this vicinity, and it is said in the state, to introduce ensilage and build 
a silo. Mrs Foster married, second, in October, 1890, John F. Cobb ; Susan, 
(dec); Annie S., (dec). 

Col Isaac Allen, son of John Allen, an early settler of Turner [see page 
516], located in Auburn early. He married Mary Allen; their son, Fred A. 
Allen, was born at Auburn Plains, February 20, 1883. He fitted for college at 
Hebron Academy and attended Maine State Seminary, but, his health failing, 
he left school and became a farmer and a school teacher and has taught over 
50 terms of district and grammar schools, mostly in Auburn and Turner. He 
is a Democrat, and has been a member of the school committee and board of 
assessors of Auburn, and two years an alderman from Ward 1. He is a 
member of the Grange and was elected overseer when only three months a 
member, was master of his lodge for several years, master of the County 
Grange two years, and has been secretary of the State Grange since 1885, and 
secretary of the Patrons' Androscoggin Mutual Fire Insurance Company since 
its organization. He is postmaster at Auburn Plains. He married Emily, 
daughter of Capt. John Townsend, May 20, 1859. His son, Wilfred C, is a 
farmer on the home farm. 



City of Auburn. 688 



Col Tliomas Littlefield was born in Minot, August 15, 1818, and died in 
Auburn, April 2, 1889. He was clerk and in the lumber business at Stevens 
Mills until he was of age, and for five years after lived at the old tavern kept 
by his parents at Littlefield's Corner. Mr Littlefield soon enlisted in the 
Maine militia and was made ensign in 1838, and rapidly promoted to captain, 
major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel, adjutant, becoming major-general in 1851. 
His strong common sense, practical judgment, and business ability brought him 
continuously into public life, where he made an honorable record. He was 
state senator from Cumberland county in 1851 and 1852; represented Auburn 
in the legislature several times; was selectman 14 years; was chosen the first 
mayor of the city in 1869, and also elected in 1871, 1872, 1873, 1871, 1879, and 
1880; was assessor, and an overseer of the poor for 19 years; jailer until 1883; 
deputy sheriff from 1857 to 1872, when he was elected sheriff ; he was four 
times re-elected, and was instrumental in shaping most of the early measures 
on which the prosperity of Auburn is founded. Possessing a strong, brusque 
individuality, with uncommon energy and intense local attachment, Colonel 
Littlefield was one whose influence will be long felt. His wife, Laura, 
daughter of Jacob H. and :\Iary (Goff) Read, and four children survive him. 

Robert Martin, who died June 15, 1885, aged 85, was son of John Martin, 
who came from New Gloucester to Danville in 1809. He taught 54 terms of 
school, was much in office in Danville, Poland, and Auburn, from 1856 to 
1863 was on the State Board of Agriculture, from 1863 to 1869 county com- 
missioner, from 1878 to 1885 customs officer at Danville Junction. In 1849 he 
was representative from Poland, and for many years his influence was great in 
state legislation and county affairs. He was an active Free Mason. 

Nod B. Potter, county ti'easurer, was born in Webster, January 13, 1859. 
Graduating at the Maine Central Listitute at Pittsfield, he became a teacher, 
and later supervisor of schools in Webster. From 1882 to 1886 he was 
Governor Robie's private secretary. Li 1886 he was elected county treasurer 
and has held that office by re-elections to the present. He is secretary and 
treasurer of Androscoggin County Republican Committee, and is an aid-de- 
camp of Governor Burleigh, with rank of lieutenant-colonel. 

John F. Lamb, sheriff, was a soldier in the 13th Maine during the Civil 
War and has since been prominent in G. A. R. circles. He was a charter 
member of Kimball Post, Livermore Falls, its second commander, twice a 
member of the Council of Administration of the Department of Maine, and has 
been Senior Vice Commander. E'rom 1880 till his election as sheriff in 1888 
he resided in Livermore Falls, where he was a trader. He is a "model officer." 

jSilas Sprague, register of deeds, was born in Greene in 1826. He attended 
the common schools and Monmouth Academy, became an eminently successful 
teacher for many years, represented Greene in 1859 and 1860, and has held 
his present office by successive re-elections since January 1, 1868. 



684 History of Androscoggin County. 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

ARA CUSHMAN. 

ARA CUSHMAN, son of Ara and Esther (Merrill) Cushnian, was born at 
Woodman hill in Minot, Me, April 30, 1829, and is a descendant in the 
eighth generation of Robert Cushnian, who was prominent in securing 
the charter for the Plymouth Colony and the charter for the first permanent 
settlement in Massachusetts Bay colony. Robert came to Ameiica in the ship 
Fortune in 1621, but soon returned to England as agent of the colony, leaving 
his son Thomas in the care of his "intimate friend," Governor William Bradford. 
Thomas married Mary Allerton, a passenger on the Mayflower, and on the 
death of William Brewster was elected one of the elders of the Plymouth 
church. Springing from such ancestors, and inheriting much of their strength 
of purpose and individuality of character, it is easy to understand how Ara 
Cushman won his large success in business and developed the ability and 
the qualities that have made him an acknowledged authority in financial circles, 
and a controlling force in so many of the movements that make the progress 
of the world [)Ossible. 

Mr Cushman [)assed his early life on liis father's farm in Minot, making 
the best use of the slender op[)ortunities afforded by the district school for 
acquiring an education. Later, attendance upon the Lewiston Falls and 
Gorham academies gave him a taste of and a love for those studies which have 
occupied so much of his later life, and the mastery of which vindicates the 
theory that a liberal education is not dependent upon college halls or learned 
professors, and proves that the work of the student and the attainments of 
the scholar help rather than embarrass the busiest of bus}' men. At the age 
of 19 he taught with acceptance a district scliool for several terms, and shortly 
afterward entered upon the work which has been his occupation up to the 
present time, that of a shoe manufacturer. He was one of the pioneers in 
Maine in the manufacture of the finer grade of boots and shoes. His primi- 
tive little shop at West Minot, if standing, would form a striking contrast to 
the extensive factories occupied by the Ara Cushman Company of to-day. It 
was a square-roofed, one-story building, less than twenty feet square, locally 
known as the "tea-can." For some months he worked alone, cutting his 
leather and making the shoes which he sold to the retail dealers in Cumber- 
land and Kennebec counties from the wagon which he drove through the 
country. His work met with such favor that his business steadily increased 
till, in 1855, a larger building was required, and it became necessary for Mr 
Cushman to devote his entire time to the superintendence of a business which 
employed about 25 jjcrsons. In 1859 he found it necessary to again increase 
his i)lant, and erected a large two-story factory which he occupied until 1863, 



City of Auburn. 685 



when the business so modestly begun had outgrown the hamlet in which it 
had been nurtured, and was transplanted to Auburn, where better facilities for 
manufacturing and shipping could be found. Here, as Ara Cushnian & Co., 
and later as the incorporated Ara CUishman Company, under the vigilant and 
intelligent direction of its projector, the business has attained the proud posi- 
tion of one of the largest manufacturing establishments of its kind in New 
England and, hence, in the world. 

Large as the business has been, and exacting as its claims are upon its 
principal manager, yet his connection with other enterprises is extensive 
enough to occupy the entire time and strength of most men. He was one of 
the founders of the National Shoe and Leather Bank, of Auburn, and has been 
its president from its organization. He is president of the J. M. iVrnold Shoe 
Company, of Bangor, and a director in the A. H. Berry Shoe Company, of 
Portland, the Auburn Loan and Building Association, the Auburn Land 
Company, Auburn Trust Company, beside being president of the Auburn 
Board of Trade, the Old Ladies' Home, and trustee in institutions too numerous 
to mention. He gives to all of these not the time that can be culled from his 
regular work but the attention needed to promote their best interests and 
highest prosperity. 

Mr Cushman has always held to the faith professed by the Universalist 
denomination, and the erection of the beautiful Elm Street Church in Auburn 
was largely due to his active beneficence. His relation to other institutions of 
the church in New England are very intimate and his interest in them is felt 
to a greater extent than it is seen. He was for four years president of the 
Universalist State Convention, and is one of the largest owners in its denom- 
inational paper. He is a thorough-going temperance man, and heartily in 
sympathy with all measures looking toward the suppression of the sale of 
intoxicating liquors. He was president of the Law and Order League during 
its days of activity, and is always ready to bear his part of the burden placed 
on the shoulders of .all good citizens by the struggle that virtue wages against 
vice. He is a Republican in faith, but not a partisan in practice. He accepts 
the general ^)rinciples of the party, but reserves the right to refuse to vote for 
candidates that he knows to be unfit for the position for which the " machine " 
has named them. Holding and acting upon such views usually excludes such 
men from offices that are dependent upon popular elections. The esteem in 
which Mr Cushman is held by his fellow-townsmen cannot be more clearly 
indicated than by the fact that he represented his city in the state legislature 
in 1873-4, has been a delegate to many important conventions, and would be 
elected b}^ a practically unanimous vote to any office in the gift of the city 
which he would indicate his willingness to accept. Mr Cushman has given 
much study to the questions that involve the relations that exist between 
employers and employes. He has written several pamphlets that have 



686 History of Androscoggin County. 

attracted wide attention and favorable comment by advanced thinkers. Ingen- 
ious theories are interesting reading to philosophers, but practical demonstra- 
tions are the things that are demanded by those whose conditions form 
the problems that are the terror of the monopolist and the burden of the 
humanitarian capitalist. 

The many calls made on Mr Cushman for addresses indicates the esteem in 
which he is held as a public speaker by the associations and societies with 
which he is more or less directly connected. His speeches are characterized by 
close thinking, felicitious diction, and firm grasp of the subject treated. But 
few laymen can more completely control or more powerfully influence an 
intelligent audience, when he is stirred by the impressiveness of a great theme. 
As a presiding officer he has but few peers. As toast-master at banquets he is 
at his best, and the apt quotation and sparkling wit give that tone and zest to 
the occasion that only a genius for such duties can yield. He was the first 
of the shoe manufacturers in New England to adopt a scheme of profit- 
sharing. Like everything else that he does it was done in his own way, after 
an exhaustive study of all the conditions by which he was surrounded. To 
devise a plan that will harmonize all the relations of a capitalist, employer, and 
employe, and do full justice to each, would be to answer the prayer of all 
lovers of his kind. To say that Mr Cushman has not accomplished this work 
is to say that he is human. To say that he has put in successful operation a 
scheme that ensures to the capital invested a sure return, leaves the manage- 
ment of the business in the hands of those who have demonstrated their fitness 
to conduct it, and guarantees to every employe full compensation for all his 
labor and faithfulness, and makes him such a partner as will render him 
financially benefited by every dollar that the concern earns, is to state simply 
an accomplished fact. To make each individual connected with a large manu- 
facturing establishment feel that he is interested in its welfare, that he is to 
be helped by its success or injured by its failure ; that his intelligence, integ- 
rity, and endeavor are necessary elements in the accomplishment of the work 
that is to be done, is to make men and women of what is, in too many instances, 
converted into irresponsible machines. He who makes the shop a means of 
moral and intellectual grace to those who must do its drudgery, has done much 
to hasten the good time when life shall be worth the living in its largest sense. 
It is a significant fact and strictly characteristic of the man that Mr Cushman 
has never been a member of any of the organizations formed by manufacturers 
to combat the demands of operatives. 

The much that Mr Cushman has done for himself indicates to some extent 
what he is doing for others. He is never too busy to help by his presence, 
purse, and effort, the Sunday school, the literary club, the library association, 
the public schools, the social gathering, the temperance meeting, and any and 
all agencies that help to correct the evil and advance the good in society. A 



City of Auburn. 687 



room lined with books does not constitute a library. The blind reading of 
every volume that fills the shelves does not indicate a student. The absorp- 
tion of all the facts found in all these tomes does not produce a scholar. Mr 
Cushman has accumulated one of the largest and best selected private libraries 
in the state, that he might possess the garnered wisdom of the ages; he has 
studied these volumes that he might become imbued with the spirit that 
inspired the great thinkers, and they are his greatest source of pleasure because 
from them he gathers that which feeds the strongest craving of his nature. 
While his vocation is making shoes, his avocation is the work of the lover of 
books. Firmly as he believes in the dignity and usefulness of the former, yet 
vastly more helpful and ennobling does he consider the latter. Great as has 
been his success in business, still more marked are his attainments in his 
chosen field. Extended as are his interests in commercial circlSs, yet more 
potent has been his influence in impelling those with whom he is associated 
to make the most of the best that is in them. He has demonstrated that 
absorbing business cares do not prevent or delay the full development of those 
qualities and powers which characterize the man of refined sensibilities and 
broad and rich intelligence. His appreciation of the best in literature is 
manifest in the apt quotations that spring spontaneously at the slightest 
suggestion, the hearty relish with which he discusses his favorite authors, and 
the wholesome influence of the great poets on his estimate of life and its work. 
When 3^ears and their hard experience fail to harden a man, when the end of 
the third score finds him mellow and believing that the evil in life and nature 
are to be subdued and that the good is to reign supreme, that the soul and 
mind are the nobler parts of man, and that to their training our best thoughts 
and endeavors should be given, do we realize that the springs of such a life 
must be deeper than sordid desires and selfish hopes. Some one has said of 
a great journalist what applies with equal force to Mr Cushman, that whatever 
he says is what he thoroughly believes and every one feels behind what is said 
or done the throbbing of an honest heart, which has room for every good 
cause, however unpopular it may be. He believes that life is meant to be 
cumulative; that we should go on adding strength to strength, experience to 
experience, service to service, each succeeding stage contributing its own 
special accession until old age has become the fruitful harvest of October and 
not the bleak barrenness of December. 

At 61 years of age, Mr Cushman stands at the helm, guiding with steady 
hand the vast interests of a rapidly-growing business, holding broad and well- 
balanced views of life and its varied and often conflicting duties, possessing 
the fine instincts of the scholar and the rare qualities of the student, and is so 
filling his place in the world that his work is a blessing and his life an inspira- 
tion. Mr Cushman married, June 21, 1853, Julia W., daughter of Captain 
Thomas and Sally W. (Sawyer) Morse, of Gray. They have two children, 



688 History of Androscoggin County. 

Charles L., vice-president and general superintendent of the manufacturing 
department of the Ara Cushman Company, and Ara, Jr, who is at present a 
student at Tufts College. Mrs Cushman is an earnest Christian lady, who fills 
her place in church and society with grace and dignity, and she possesses those 
qualities which render her home happy and attractive, and joins Mr Cushman 
in dispensing a generous hospitality. Their home — a pleasant mansion — 
occupies one of the finest sites in the city. 

WILLIAM WALLACE STETSON, PH.D. 

The progenitor of, the Stetson family in America was Robert Stetson, 
known as Cornet Stetson. (He was a cornet of the first light-horse troops 
raised in the colony.) Tradition says that he came from Kent County, 
England. He settled in Scituate, Mass., in 1634, and became one of the 
prominent and valued men of the Plymouth colony. He was a deputy to the 
General Court for 17 years ; in 1660, and for several years after, he was 
commissioner to act for the country in all matters relating to the trade at 
Kennebec; he was a member of the council of war for 20 years; in 1667 
he was appointed by the colony to visit King Philip "in behalf of the country"; 
in 1668 he was commissioned to purchase a tract of land for the use of the 
colony. His services were important, he received many grants of land, and 
became a wealthy and extensive land-holder. He died February 1, 1702 or 
1703, aged 90. He was a man of remarkable courage, and highly esteemed. 
He lived long and left a good name, and has many descendants, worthy scions 
of such a stock. The family in England was granted a coat of arms with the 
motto, " Virtus 7whilitat onmia.'''' 

Professor William Wallace Stetson is a lineal descendant of Robert Stetson 
[see page 519], the line being Robert,^ Joseph,^ Robert,^ Robert/ Bacheler,^ 
Turner,*^ Reuben,'^ William W." Mr Stetson was born June 17, 1849, at Greene, 
and passed his early life on the home farm, where he attended the district 
school. He completed his education at Monmouth Academy and the Edward 
Little Institute and at Monmouth College, Illinois. He began teaching at the 
age of fifteen, and has taught some part of every year since. He commenced 
in the district schools of Maine, and in 1868 went to Illinois, where he taught 
in district, normal, and high schools, and finally attained to the position of 
superintendent of schools. While a teacher in the high schools of Illinois he 
fitted pupils who have taken honors at Cornell, Harvard, Evanston, and Ann 
Arbor, in mathematics, the languages, literature, and history. In 1884 he 
returned to Maine, and in March, 1885, took charge of the Auburn schools, 
which position he still fills. As a superintendent of schools he enjoys an 
enviable reputation for executive ability, a broad grasp of what should be 
taught, and great fertility in devising methods of instruction. He is noted 
for not only being abreast of the times on educational subjects, but as an 



City of Auburn. 689 



explorer in new fields. His annual reports, in which he has elaborated his 
theory of education,- have received the hearty endorsements of leading edu- 
cators. In the line of school work Mr Stetson always has been prominently 
connected with educational associations. In Illinois he served as an officer in 
the Principals' Association, and in the State Teachers' Association, and was 
especially instrumental in founding the Northern Illinois State Teachers' 
Association, and was its president for several terms. He is a director in the 
American Institute of Instruction, and in his connection with the National 
Teachers' Association has served on important committees. He has been 
actively connected with the Maine Pedagogical Society. He was its president 
in 1890-91, when the largest meeting in its history was held at Waterville. 
He is also an active member and constant worker in the County Institutes of 
the state. 

Though his school work makes up a busy and useful life, his more than 
ordinary energy lead him, upon taking up his residence in Auburn, to ally 
himself with every effort to increase the prosperity of that city and his efforts 
have materially aided in the advancement of many important organizations. 
He was especially prominent in the founding of the Building and Loan Associa- 
tion, having charge of the meetings which led to its existence, and being made 
one of its first board of directors, which office he still holds. He is president 
of the Androscoggin Land Company, and has been one of its directors from its 
first organization. Lie was one of the principal movers in the purchase of the 
Leivisfon Grazefte and its removal to Auburn, and he is a director and the 
treasurer of the Auburn Gazette Company. He was one of the corporators 
and is secretary and treasurer of the Androscoggin Trust Company of Lew- 
iston. It was a suggestion made by him to a newspaper reporter that kindled 
the flame of enthusias)n for a public library. Later, he brought the subject 
before the Board of Trade and was made chairman of the committee of the 
Board of Trade on library, and it is largely through his persistent efforts that 
the idea has become substantially realized and its success assured. He was 
one of its corporators and was elected one of the trustees. Every city owes 
mucli of its prosperity, activity, and progressiveness to a few wide-awake, 
public-spirited citizens. Foremost among such men in the city of Auburn 
stands Mr Stetson. He not only in a marked degree is public-spirited, but 
also possesses the abilities and push that make him a leading spirit. His readi- 
ness to undertake and carry out enterprises of which he sees the value and his 
systematic business methods constitute the genius for organization which he 
has so clearly shown in his work in Auburn. 

In his chosen vocation of teaching he is eminently successful. His knowl- 
edge of the characters of his pupils, his tact in managing them, his sympathy 
with their innocent and mischievous pranks, and his readiness to forgive any 
infraction of the rules not dictated by intentional disrespect and malice, endear 



690 History of Androscoggin County. 



him to his scholars and make them willing to work with redoubled vigor to 
gain his approbation. In the recitation room the interest he takes in the 
progress of the class, his varied knowledge and clearness of explanation make 
him remarkably successful in stimulating the faculties of even the dullest 
student. Possessed of intense patriotism himself, he tries especially to arouse 
that feeling in his scholars; to what degree he has succeeded may be judged 
by the significant fact that the national flag waving above the Webster school 
building in Auburn was purchased by the pupils, and was the first flag to float 
over a school building in New England. He was the first, and is one of 
the most enthusiastic members of the "Honorary Reserves," and is always 
ready to use his time, talent, and means to promote its welfare. 

Mr Stetson is a writer and public speaker. He has contributed extensively 
to educational publications and has been chosen lecturer before the Chau- 
tauqua Assembly at Fryeburg. His writing is characterized by his ability to 
grasp a subject with ease, to express his ideas with clearness, yet in a terse and 
striking manner, while a fine presence and a magnetic voice add much to 
his delivery. In speaking without notes he is more apt to be brief and 
pungent than in his more carefully prepared speeches. He is a constant stu- 
dent of history, philosophy, and literature, and to these subjects he has 
devoted the most of a fine private library. From his interest in these branches 
he has always made it a point to belong to a history and a literary club, and he 
has formed several of these organizations. He also organized the two largest 
Chautauqua clubs in Maine, and is one of the officers of the Maine Chautauqua 
Union. He was appointed by Bishop Vincent the first General Councilor 
of the Maine Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union, a department of Chau- 
tauqua with which he has been actively identified from its organization as 
a section of the Chautauqua University. In belief Mr Stetson is a Congrega- 
tionalist. He is a man of strong personality, warm heart, and generous 
impulses, and out of the strength of his own manhood impresses himself on 
those with whom he comes in contact. His home on Minot avenue is one of 
the notable residences of the city, and is surrounded by handsome and well- 
kept grounds. Mr Stetson married, July 4, 1871, Miss R. Jennie Killough, of 
Morning Sun, Iowa. Mrs Stetson is a lady of education and refinement and 
active in literary and philanthropic work. 



City of Auburn. 690 a 



HON. A. M. PENLEY. 

Albert 31an('hester Penlei/, son of Captain John and Julia (Wagg) Penley, 
was born in Danville, July 22, 1847. He is a descendant of one of the oldest 
families of Danville (see page 714), and is fourth of the five children of his 
parents and the seventeenth child of his father. His brother and sisters are 
Louisa V. m. Asa Garcelon, Hattie E. m. S. T. Davis, Caroline M. ra. J. W. 
Peables, and Winfield S. The strong physique inherited by Mr Penley from a 
hardy ancestry was strengthened by active life on the home farm until he was 
25 years of age, except the time passed in attending Edward Little Institute 
and Maine State Seminary, where he was educated. After his school life, he 
taught two years, then carried on the farm until January 1, 1874, when he 
purchased the intei'est of L. F. Chase in the mercantile house of Chase & 
Peables and formed the firm of Peables & Penley, which continued until Mr 
Penley retired, January 1, 1883. The next September he began merchandising 
in liis own name at 98 Main street, where he is now in trade. Mr Penley has 
been a director of the Auburn Foundrj^ Co. from 1883, and its president since 
September, 1890, a director of Auburn Loan and Building Association since 
its organization, a director and the treasurer of Androscoggin Land Associa- 
tion since its formation in 1887, a director of the Auburn & Lewiston Railroad 
since 1887, and a director and the president of the Penley Cemetery Corpora- 
tion, organized in 1889. 

Mr Penley is an ardent Republican, and has been honored with many 
official positions. He was warden of ward 4 of Auburn from 1872 to 1874, in 
1880 and 1882 was chosen member of the common council, in 1884 was elected 
alderman, and was elected mayor in 1887 and re-elected in 1888. Li 1883 he 
was chosen member of the Republican city committee and was its chairman in 
the important campaign of 1884. From 1883 to 1885 he was overseer of the 
poor, and in 1889 was chosen to fill a vacanc}^ in that office until 1891, when 
he was elected for three years. In 1890 he was chosen one of the superintend- 
ing school committee of Auburn, and also one of its representatives to the 
legislature. He has ever been a popular candidate, polling complimentary votes. 

Mr Penley is prominently connected with brotherhood associations; is a 
Knight of Pythias; a Knight of Honor since 1877, he was grand dictator of 
the order in Maine in 1885, and a member of the Supreme Lodge in 1886 and 
1887. He joined Tranquil Lodge of Free Masons in 1873; in 1874 King 
Hiram Chapter, Dunlap Council, and Lewiston Commandery ; in 1880 Lewiston 
Lodge of Perfection; in 1881 Portland Council of Princes of Jerusalem, 
Dunlap Chapter Rose Croix, and Maine Consistory, S. P. R. C; in 1888 
received the 33d and highest degree in Masonry, creating him sovereign grand 
inspector-general of the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. In 1875 he assisted 
in organizing Ancient Brothers Lodge, and was its master from 1876 to 1878. 



690 b History of Androscoggin County. 



He was high priest of Bradford Chapter in 1878-9, thrice illustrious master of 
Dunlap Council from 1880 to 1882, commander of Lewiston Commandery from 
1882 to 1884, and thrice potent grand master of Lewiston Lodge of Perfection 
from 1887 to 1889. 

Mr Pauley married at Deering, October 18, 1875, Georgia A., daughter of 
Jonathan and Mary (Fickett) Pennell, of that town. Children: Georgia 
Maryett, John Albert, Julia Lida. He has always resided in "Old Danville," 
and in 1890 built one of the handsome residences of Auburn, on the corner of 
Main and Elm streets. Mr Penley possesses a combination of business quali- 
ties to bring success; he is quick in adapting himself to circumstances and 
makes decisions rapidly, but has a conservative caution that stands him in good 
stead; he is public spirited, and in everything to promote the interests of 
Auburn or the public he is a generous giver ; he has a large circle of friends 
and the power of keeping them, and is deservedly popular among the people. 



Town of Danville. 691 



DANVILLE. 

By George Thomas Little. 



b 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 

Municipal Affairs— Civil List — Settlement and Social Life, Etc. — Matters Ecclesiastical. 

THE town known for half a century as Danville was included in the lands 
deeded in 1684 to Richard Wharton by Warumbo and five other Indian 
sachems, and in 1714 conveyed by his administrator to the Pejepscot 
proprietors. The consideration for which the Indian chieftains sold this large 
tract, extending from the "uppermost part of the Androscoggin falls four 
miles Westward and so down to Maquoit," was a " valuable sum received from 
sd Wharton in merchandise." If they were cheated, they had ample vengeance 
in the prolonged litigation which the bounds of the grant caused the successors 
to the title. The final decision as to exactly what land belonged to the 
Pejepscot proprietors was not reached until 1814, just a century after they took 
possession. Meantime, out of the northwest corner of their domain, the town- 
ship of Pejepscot, often spelled Pegypscot, had been duly incorporated by the 
legislature of Massachusetts on the 6th of March, 1802. The newly-formed 
town was made up of the "Pejepscot claim," which was bounded on the east 
by the Androscoggin, and lay between Durham, incorporated a dozen years 
before, on the south, and Minot, made a town the preceding month, on the 
north ; and of Little's Gore, a strip of land, sold to Col. Moses Little by the 
Commonwealth several years before, and lying between the "claim" and New 
Gloucester. 

In 1819 the General Court, on petition of the inhabitants, changed the 
name of the town to Danville. This abandonment of an Indian name for an 
English one of no especial appropriateness is not in accord with the sentiment 
of the present day. Its explanation may, perhaps, be found in the general 
dislike shown by the neighboring towns of the names they had borne before 
their incorporation or during the few years succeeding that event. With few 
exceptions they were named in honor of some prominent land proprietor and 
the change of ownership or the clash of diverse interests sure to arise in the 
lapse of time, naturally led to dissatisfaction with the old name. It is not 
necessary to go outside of Androscoggin county to find examples. Lisbon 
was first Thompsonborough; Durham, Royalsborough; Poland, Bakerstown; 
Leeds, Littleborough. In these cases the change can be defended on the 
ground of the shorter name thus gained. But it seems unfortunate that so 



692 History of Androscoggin County. 

distinctive an appellation as Pejepscot should have been surrendered to increase 
the number of Danvilles, of which there were already five in the United 
States. Of these, the shire-town of Caledonia county, Vermont, was the 
largest and may have suggested the name. How little thought was given to 
the selection of a new name is incidentally shown by the fact that the citizens 
first voted for Oxford and then at the same meeting reconsidered their action 
and took Danville. 

The municipal records of the early period of the town's history relate 
largely to the making of highways. At the first meeting, which was held 
April 12, 1802, in a school-liouse near Danville Corner, Captain Finson, Squire 
Giddinge, and Solomon Larrabee were appointed a committee to lay out town 
roads. In August they reported six, each of considerable length, which were 
adopted, wiiile the following year as many more were accepted. Guide-posts 
were promptly erected at several of the angles made by these and the pre- 
viously existing county highways. This regard for sign-boards, a characteristic 
of the generation, was not always equaled by a knowledge of orthography on 
the part of those who painted them. Tradition maintains that one in a 
neighboring town bore for many years the legend " Pepsquirt 5 miles." In the 
building and repair of these roads home labor was patronized. The average 
annual cost was $1,000, and each man worked out his road tax, receiving a 
dollar a day for his own services, G7 cents for th.e use of a yoke of oxen, 50 
cents for a plough, and 34 for a cart. The charge for a plough apparently 
indicates a scarcity of those implements. At such rates most farmers of to-da}'' 
would commute the labor of their hands for that of their ploughs. A 
committee, consisting in 1809 of Captain Smith and Lieutenant Frost, was 
occasionally chosen to determine whether a man did an honest day's work. 
More burdensome than the roads, however, were the bridges. After a vain 
attempt in 1805 to have the county discontinue a road across the Little 
Androscoggin near its mouth, the town built in the following winter a wooden 
bridge near the site of the present iron structure, at a cost of about iSOO. 
The work was not apparently well done, for a few years later it was carried 
away. In 1810 a new bridge was built by Job Lane, at a cost of |!l,143, and 
the selectmen were instructed to make provision that it be not injured in 
future freshets. It is believed that this second bridge stood till about 1852, 
when it was replaced by the covered bridge familiar to old residents. Mean- 
while a bridge had been built over Royal's river on the other side of the town, 
and, though the stream was not so large, the structure, including unusually heavy 
land damages, was quite expensive. It is not strange, tlierefore, that the town, 
which had previously in 1808 petitioned the General Court to be allowed to 
work out the state tax on the roads witliin its borders, should request in 1817 
an abatement for three years of the state tax, and, this apparently not having 
been granted, should ask the following year for similar relief. 



Town of Danville. 693 



In the movement which was intermittently carried on for more than a score 
of years to secure the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, the citizens of 
Pejepscot took a rather languid interest, if we may judge by the number of 
them who came out to vote on this question. In 1807 no votes were thrown 
in favor of separation. On one occasion only 30 votes were cast, on another 
67. In nearly every case a large majority were against separation. The 
decisive vote, however, on July 26, 1819, resulted in a victory for the separa- 
tionists, who cast 52 ballots to their opponents' 34. Elder Joseph Roberts was 
chosen delegate to the constitutional convention. The labors of that body 
met with the decided approval in Danville and a unanimous vote was given for 
the adoption of the constitution. In this connection may be recorded a curious 
defiance of state legislation. On April 6, 1817, the town voted that "the law 
passed by the General Court at its last session respecting the killing of certain 
birds be suspended as to its operation in this town for. the ensuing year." 

The citizens of Pejepscot first took part in national affairs in 1808, when 
they voted that a petition signed by their selectmen should be sent to the 
President of the United States, asking for a suspension of the embargo. The 
following year they petitioned the General Court "to do their Best endeavours 
to save this State from impending Ruin and Destruction." Squire Giddinge 
writes in his diary: "The curse of non-intercourse and embargo measures are 
felt in every family and continue in prospect with other calamities. May God 
in his mercy cause what is best to take place." Party spirit ran high. The 
Squire, who was a stanch Federalist, writes under date of March 4,1810: 
"Begins the tenth year of the Curse of Democracy. One year of Madisonism 
past with accumulating misery to the United States of America." The town 
was quite evenly divided between the two parties and in 1812 the Democrats 
elected their candidate to the General Court by a majority of six, and voted a 
few months later that " the town approved of the present war." The citizens 
were again, and this time agreeably reminded of national affairs on April 4, 
1837, when they chose Jonathan Chase their agent to receive their part of the 
money apportioned by the Ignited States to the state of Maine, and voted to 
loan this, presumably in small amounts, to the inhabitants of the town. This 
division of the surjilus in the national treasury brought to Maine nearly 
11,000,000, and to Danville 82,600. Several of the states kept their share for 
a school fund, but the Maine towns as a rule distributed it among their 
inhabitants, who received upon an average between two and three dollars. In 
the last decade of the town's history it was called upon to assume its share in 
the burdens of the Civil War. The story of the brave men it sent forth, many 
of them never to return, is told elsewhere in this volume. Merely their 
number, 148, and brief minutes of the municipal action are recorded here. 

June 7, ""SeS, the town voted $200 for aid of families of volunteers. July 24, 1862, 
$2,100 was voted for bounties to volunteers. August 23, 1862, it was voted to raise, by loan, 



694 History of Androscoggin County. 

$4,350, to fill the Danville quota of 29 men, last called by the President. June 22, 1863, it 
was voted to pay each man who was drafted, $300, to enable him to procure a substitute. 
November 30, 1863, it was decided to offer $350 to each volunteer. November 15, 1864, 
$500 was offered each volunteer for three years' service, who should be credited to the quota 
of the town. About $5,000 in town bonds were issued to pay commutations. 

The project of a new county was broached over 20 years before it was 
realized. The inhabitants of Danville, then a part of the populous county of 
Cumberland, had no sympathy with the movement. In February of 1834 they 
sent Edward Little, Andrew R. Giddinge, and Nathaniel L. Ingersoll to 
Augusta to oppose legislation looking in that direction, and in September of 
that year voted, 183 to 1, against its formation. Similar action was taken five 
years later in the meeting referred to in the following characteristic entry in 
Squire Giddinge's diary : " 1839, Jan. 25th. There is no school tomorrow, a 
town meeting being warned to meet in the school-house to remonstrate against 
the town's being put into a new county, now prayed for, to put up Brunswick 
and Topsham, to increase patronage, have a new court House to build, a new 
set of County Officers to support, after having been taxed to build a jail and 
fireproof Court House in Cumberland. A hard lot ! " Town meetings had 
been almost invariably held at Danville Corner. With the growth of the 
village at Goff's Corner, this arrangement became exceedingly inconvenient to 
large minority of the voters. In 1845 the town voted to acce[)t the proposition 
made by Edward Little, "to build a town house free from any expense to the 
town, to be occupied as long as the town deemed proper and no longer and to 
be located within 40 rods of the bridge near the mouth of the Little Andros- 
coggin River." The following year it was decided to hold future meetings at 
this new town house. The structure is still in existence, stands near the corner 
of Pulsifer and Second streets, and has for many years been used as a tenement 
house. The difficulty still remained. The other part of the town was 
now inconvenienced. In 1848 it was voted to build a 1300 town house near 
Capt. John Walker's, but it was subsequently agreed to place it at Danville 
Corner, which thus continued the capital, so to speak, of the municipality till 
the end. 

The records show that the selectmen, in accordance with the law of the 
Commonwealth, perambulated the limits of the town from time to time. This 
did not, however, prevent a long dispute with Durham as to the boundary 
line, due, primarily, to careless running of the original bounds, and finally 
settled in 1811) by a commission composed of Archelaus Lewis, Alexander 
Greenwood, and Aaron Dwinal. The first defection from the town was the 
setting off, in 1821, of Benjamin Hunnewell and his estate to Durham. Two 
years later the same was done with the homestead farm of Nathaniel Larrabee. 
These farms were in the southwest corner of the town and caused the notch 
in the southern boundary of the city of Auburn. The next change increased 



Town of Danville. • 695 



the size of the town. March 9, 1852, the town chose Thomas B. Little, Esq., 
and Capt. John Penley to oppose the setting off of a portion of Pohind. The 
remonstrance was in vain, and by enactment of the legislature a strip of land, 
lying between New Gloucester and the Little Androscoggin, was added to 
Danville. This action apparently aroused apprehension among the citizens 
lest some desirable portions of their domain should be taken away, for a month 
later, by an almost unanimous vote, it was decided to oppose the annexation 
of any part of Danville or of Auburn to Lewiston. Their opposition was for 
the time successful. Seven years later, however, came the action which clearly 
predicted, though it temporarily postponed, the disappearance of the town as a 
separate municipality. The territory lying between the Little Androscoggin 
and the southeasterly line of Auburn was annexed to the latter. This took 
away 80 polls and 1144,000 in estates, the total valuation being 1392,000. 
This act of the legislature, bearing date of February 19, 1859, contained a 
provision that the entire town should be annexed did a majority of the voters 
favor. The proposition was lost b}^ a vote of 182 against to 74 in favor. The 
subject of annexation again and for the last time came before the legislature 
of 1867. In January the town voted "to send N. L. Ingersoll, Charles H. 
Cobb, Jeremiah Stinchfield, Rufus Penle3% Albert Jordan, Isaac Murry, 
Francis J. Knapp, and Leonard Hicks to visit the legislature and use all fair 
and honorable means to oppose the petition of Capt. John Penley and 
others for the annexation of Danville to Auburn." In February an act was 
passed, uniting the two towns, provided a majority of the votes cast at special 
town meetings in both towns, counted together, were in the affirmative. Those 
interested in the movement seemed distrustful of their ability to secure the 
requisite number of votes, and one week later, on February 26, 1867, was 
approved the act which joined Danville to Auburn against the will of a 
majority of its inhabitants. This section on the municipal affairs may properly 
close with the following list of those who served as selectmen and town clerks. 
[For representatives to the legislature see page 300.] 

Civil List. — 1802 — True Woodbury, Benning Wentworth, EbenezerWitham, selectmen; Benning 
Wen tworth, clerk. 1803 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Benning Wentworth, Benjamin Arnold, selectmen; 
Benning Wentworth, clerk. 180i — Andrew R. Giddinge, Benning Wentworth, John W. Jordan, 
selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1805 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Job Lane, Benning Wentworth, 
selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1806 — Phinehas Frost, George Leach, Benjamin Arnold, 
selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1807 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Lemuel Dyer, Phinehas Frost, 
selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1808 — Benning Wentworth, Stephen Rowe, John Witham, 
selectmen; Benning 'Wentworth, clerk. 1809 — John Witham, Lemuel Dyer, John W. Jordan, select- 
men; John AVitham, clerk. 1810 — John Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Thomas Finson, selectmen; John 
Witham, clerk. 1811 — John Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Jacob True, selectman; John Witham, clerk. 
1812 — Pelatiah Smith, Moses Rowe, Thomas Finson, selectmen; Moses Rowe, clerk. 1813 — John 
Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Moses Rowe, selectmen; John Witham, clerk. 1814 — John Witham, Jacob 
True, George Leach, selectmen; John Witham, clerk. 181.5 — John Witham, Jacob True, Pelatiah 
Smith, selectmen; John AVitham, clerk. 1810-1817 — Elias Banks, John W. Jordan, William Plummer, 
selectmen; Elias Banks, clerk. 1818 — Elias Banks, John W. Jordan, Pelatiah Smith, selectmen; 
Elias Banks, clerk. 1819 — John W. Jordan, Ebenezer Witham, Jr, George Leach, selectmen; 



696 • History of Androscoggin County. 



Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1820-1821 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Nathaniel Sturgis, John W. Jordan, 
selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1822-1823 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Jeremiah Diugley, Moses 
Rowe, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1824 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Nathaniel L. lugersoll, 
Jeremiah Dingley, selectmen; Andrew R. Giddinge, clerk. 1825 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Jeremiah 
Dingley, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, selectmen; Andrew R. Giddinge, clerk. 182(5 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, 
Jeremiah Dingley, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1827 — Ebenezer 
Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, Stephen Rowe, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1828 — Ebenezer 
Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, William Woodbury, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1829 — Ebenezer 
Witham, William Woodbury, James Goff, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1830 — Ebenezer 
Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, Stephen Larrabee, 2d, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1831 — 
Ebenezer Witham, William Woodbury, Benjamin Waterhouse, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 
1832 — James Goff, Jonathan Libby, George Royal, selectmen; John R. Nutting, clerk. 1833 — George 
Royal, Jonathan Libby, Foster Smith, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1835 — John Smith, Jonathan 
Chase, Solomon Goss, selectmen; JohnR. Nutting, clerk. 1834-1836 — John Smith, Jonathan Chase, 
Solomon Goss, selectmen; John Smith, clerk. 18.37 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Moses Hanscom, John 
Penley, selectmen; Benjamin Waterhouse, clerk. 1838 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Moses Hanscom, 
Jonathan Libby, selectmen; Benjamin Waterhouse, clerk. 1839-1840 — George Royal, Nathaniel L. 
Ingersoll, John Penley, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1841 — Solomon Go.ss, Jonathan Libby, 
Samuel Stinchfield, selectmen; Solomon Goss, clerk. 1842 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, George Royal, 
John Penley, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1843 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, James Dingley, Charles 
Peables, .selectmen; Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, clerk. 1844-1845 — Ebenezer Witham, Nathaniel L. 
Ingersoll, Charles Peables, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 184()— Ebenezer Witham, Nathaniel 
L. Ingersoll, William Woodbury, selectmen ; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1847 — Edward T. Little, Joseph 
Parsons, James Dingley, selectmen: Edward T. Little, clerk. 1848 — Edward T. Little, Ebenezer 
Witham, James Dingley, .selectmen; Edward T. Little, clerk. 1849 —Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, Jonah 
Libby, George W. Chase, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1850-1851-1852-1853 — Nathaniel L. 
Ingersoll, Ebenezer Witham, Jacob Herrick, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1854 — Edward T. 
Little, Calvin G. Skinner, Calvin Record, selectmen; Calvin G. Skinner, clerk. 1855 — Calvin Record, 
Calvin G. Skinner, Samuel H. Haskell, selectmen; Calvin G. Skinner, clerk. 1856 — Nathaniel L. 
Ingersoll, Jacob Herrick, Robert Martin, selectmen; Jacob Herrick, clerk. 1857 — Jacob Herrick, 
Calvin G. Skinner, Daniel Field, selectmen; Jacob Herrick, clerk. 1858 — Calvin G. Skinner, Daniel 
Field, John Smith, Jr, selectmen; I. B. Kimball, clerk. 1859 — Calvin G. Skinner, John Smith, Jr, 
Eben Jordan, Jr, selectmen; Eben Jordan, Jr, clerk. 1860 — William Woodbury, Isaac Murray, 
Wiuslow Hicks, selectmen; John H. Ingersoll, clerk. 1861 — William Woodbury, William Woodbury, 
2d, Charles H. Cobb, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1862 — Eben Jordan, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, 
William Robinson, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1863 — Charles H. Cobb, John H. 
Ingersoll, WilliaiQ Plummer, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1864 — John H. Ingersoll, 
Charles O. Martin, William Plummer, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1865-1866 — Rufus 
Penley, Charles O. Martin, Isaac A. Johnson, selectmen; James W. Peables, clerk. 

Settlement and Social Life. — The first settler, according to Dr Elias 
Banks, was Abel Davis, who came from Salisbury, Mass., in 1762 and cleared 
a farm near the New Gloucester line. The settlement of the town did not really 
begin till the last half of the following decade. John Merrill settled in the 
westerly part in 1778, True Woodbury a few years later, and James Wagg was 
living in 1780 on the farm on the River road still occupied by his descendants. 
These and those that followed them in the next few years lived in log cabins 
and suffered the hardships incident to transforming the forest into farms. 
Ploughs could not be used by reason of stumps and logs. The implement most 
frequently employed was a rude hoe of great weight made by the nearest 
blacksmith. They had no carts. Manure when used was handled with wooden 
shovels and carried to the fields in hods. Hay and other crops were dragged 
to the barns on ox-sleds or else " poled in " by hand. Their heavy scythes 



Town of Danville. 697 



were fastened to straight sticks or perhaps to a crooked alder cut in the swamp. 
Indian corn, the staple of their food, was sown according to a method brought 
into vogue by Colonel Isaac Parsons, of New Gloucester, directly upon the 
new land after it had been cleared and burned over, and was allowed to grow 
without being hilled. This rude form of husbandry enabled them to live at 
distances from traveled roads that would otherwise have been impracticable. 
The flesh of the deer and moose, then abundant in the region, furnished them 
with meat ; the hides supplied material for boots, leggings, caps, and jackets. 
Other wild beasts of a less desirable character were not uncommon. As late 
as 1833 Amos and Andrew Giddinge and a Mr Emerson killed a bear weighing 
200 pounds in the woods near Danville Corner. Within doors life was as plain 
as it well could be. Variety of food in the present sense of the term was not 
within the reach of the most wealthy. The poor lived on bean porridge, ban- 
nocks, and salt pork. The first was made "by boiling the beans very soft, 
thickening the liquor with a little meal, and adding a piece of pork to season it. 
When the good man was going away in the winter to work with his team, the 
wife would make a bean porridge, freeze it with a string in it so he could hang 
it on one of the sled stakes. When he was hungry he would break off a piece, 
melt and eat it." They had no table cloths, knives or forks, cups or saucers. 
Wooden bowls and wooden spoons were, beside those furnished by nature, the 
utensils employed in eating. Settles were used in place of chairs, and for the 
family to sit together at the board that served as a table was the exception 
rather than the rule. 

With the increase of po[)ulation all this changed rapidly. By 1800, county 
roads crossed and recrossed the town, frame houses had been erected, and the 
general material prosperity had brought a more comfortable mode of living. 
A social library was organized which had 40 volumes in 1820. Squire Gid- 
dinge and Job Lane, who had built commodious houses at Danville Corner, 
had the Portland Gazette brought them each week. In 1802 or 1803 a post- 
offlce was established there and 25 years later another at Goff's Corner. 
Many old-time customs, however, continued for at least a generation longer. 
Burying-cloths, owned by the town, were employed at funerals in place of a 
hearse. Shoes and boots were not bought, but made by the cobbler, who would 
often spend a week at a house working up a side of leather into footwear. 
Most of the cloth worn was home-made. Each farmer raised flax and wool for 
this purpose almost as regularly as he cured hay for his cattle. Under date of 
January 5, 1831, Squire Giddinge writes in his diary: "Amused myself in 
making matches to light candles with as our folk can not blow a coal without 
murmuring." A year or two later he says — and it should be remembered he 
was both well educated and in comfortable circumstances: "I was never so 
flush of money as to need a purse, so fashionable as to own a pair of gloves, so 
blind as to wear spectacles." The same was doubtless true of every man of 
his age, then resident in the town. 



698 History of Androscoggin County. 



The second census of the United States, taken in 1800, returns the inhab- 
itants of Pegypscot Gore as 701, of whom 306 were under ten years of age. 
For the next 40 years the population increased steadily, being in 1810, 805 ; 
in 1820, 1,083; in 1830, 1,128; in 1840, 1,294; and in 1850, 1,686. In 1860, 
it fell to 1,322 by reason of the removal of the strip north of the Little 
Androscoggin. The growth of the village at the Falls accounts mainly for 
the larger ratio of increase in the fifth decade. 

The vote of the town on May 5, 1806, that a bounty of twelve cents should 
be given for crows when presented to the selectmen, indicates that agriculture 
was then the chief industry. It continued to be throughout its entire history. 
Of the 148 heads of families in 1820, 145 were farmers and only three engaged 
in commerce. The soil is on the whole well adapted for that purpose, and 
comparatively a small part is unfit either for tillage or pasturage. The 
principal crops during its corporate existence were hay, wheat, rye, barley, 
oats, peas, beans, and potatoes, the first and the last growing more and 
more important with the lapse of years. The native trees found most 
abundantly are white pine, rock and white maple, yellow and white birch, 
beach, elm, white and yellow ash, red oak, spruce, hemlock, and hackmatack. 
There was a remarkable growth of the white pine, which has not entirely 
disappeared, despite the ravages of the axe, in the territory between the Little 
Androscoggin and Royal's river. Col Moses Little, in 1768, measured in that 
neighborhood a log 181 feet in length, and 12 inches in diameter at the 
smaller end. In apple orchards Danville hardly equaled the neighboring town 
of New Gloucester. In 1820 Dr Banks estimated their number as 20 and 
their product at 2,000 bushels, nearly all of which was converted into cider. 

The first physician to take up his abode in Danville seems to have been 
Dr John Thorn, who served as moderator at the annual town-meeting in 1807 
and was on an important committee the following year. His fees and his 
method of treatment were presumably much the same as those of his successor, 
then practicing in a neighboring town. Some entries from the latter's account 
books have been printed in the periodical entitled Old Times, and a few of 
them are copied here to assist the imagination in picturing the medical 
attendance of those days: 

Capt. S— B — , to bleedinj? your wife, $0.17 

J— P — , to delivering your wife, .50 
Capt. T — M — , to a pulie, peppermint, and 

attendance all night, 1.00 

B — B— , to a visit to yr child and medicine, .33 
Deacon J — M — , to inoculating you with 

kine pox, 1.00 

The second physician was Elias Banks, son of Moses and Phebe (Curtis) 
Banks, of Scarborough, Me. He was born September 11, 1774, married at 



Jan. 


18, 


Jan. 


20, 


Mar. 


3, 


Apr. 


.% 


Apr. 


22, 



Town of Danville. 699 



North Yarmouth, January 17, 1805, Lucretia Prince, by whom he had six 
sons and two daughters, and died in Portland, February 9, 1841. Dr Banks 
received a good academic education, studied his profession with Dr Barker, of 
Stroudwater, and Dr A. R. Mitchell, of North Yarmouth, and there being no 
incorporated schools of medicine in those days, received his diploma from his 
preceptors. He was in 1824, soon after its organization, admitted to the 
Maine Medical Society. He came from North Yarmouth to Danville in 1811 
and was in active, and as, far as the writer knows, successful practice till 
1830, the 3'ear of his removal to Portland. Dr Banks was a man of good 
ability and wrote, in 1820, a sketch of the town, which was recently printed 
in the Maine Historical and rienealogical Recorder, and has been frequently 
consulted in the preparation of tliis cliapter. The next physician was Tobias 
Purinton (or, as he seems in later life to have spelled it, Purington), who was born 
March 19, 1801, in Windham, though his father was later resident and his own 
childhood was spent in Lewiston. He graduated at the Maine Medical School 
in 1826, and soon after entered into practice at Goff's Corner. During the ten 
years of his stay here he became quite prominent, serving as state senator in 
1836. The following year he accepted an appointment in the United States 
civil service, and his home was at Washington till his decease. May 3, 1880. 
After Dr Purington's removal, Hosea L. Cushman, a native of Hebron, who 
graduated at Maine Medical School in 1832, practiced a few years at the 
village. Dr H. Dyer and Dr G. W. Carlton were also resident and practicing 
physicians in the town at subsequent periods. Of Dr Richmond Bradford, Dr 
Charles Millett, Dr H. L. K. Wiggin, Dr Silvester Oakes, and Dr William 
Kilbourne, whose practice endeared them to most of the inhabitants of the 
town, and who were themselves, in several cases, resident within its limits for 
a few years, mention is made elsewhere. 

It is no exaggeration to say that a hundred years ago it was no dis- 
credit to a man to have been drunk. Courtesy required the offer of ardent 
spirits to guests on all possible occasions, and to drink copiously was regarded 
a mark of manliness. Danville suffered with other towns from the manifold 
evils resulting from the custom. In at least one family in five some member 
drank to excess. In the national movement against the evil which began about 
1825, and in spite of occasional declensions has grown in power to the present, 
the citizens of Danville took an active part. A total abstinence society was 
organized in July, 1828, Edward Little, Esq., and Dr Tobias Purington being 
the leading promoters of the enterprise, about 150 members were secured and 
meetings were regularly held. Five years later special exertions were made 
and the membership increased to 365. This included many from Lewiston and 
East Minot, and the society was divided at the close of 1833. The Danville 
division, numbering 187, chose John Smith president and Edward T. Little, 
secretary, and immediately began the organization of auxiliary societies in each 



700 History of Androscoggin County. 

school district. Money was raised to furnish a copy of the Temperance 
Recorder to each famil}^ in town. The report of the secretary sent to the state 
society at this time contains some interesting items. The population of the 
town being 1,128, the amount of liquor sold (not including wine or cider) was 
1,575 gallons. The town issued licenses to sell ardent spirits to be consumed 
on the premises, but there was also considerable unlicensed selling. Militia 
officers still treated their soldiers but mechanics were not, as formerly, furnished 
with grog at 11 and at 4 o'clock. "Many farmers do not now use ardent spirits 
in conducting their business." The society met with opposition from persons 
of all descriptions, religious and irreligious, but it maintained its position and 
its influence long outlasted its organization. 

Matters Ecclesiastical. — Dr Banks wrote in 1820, "the town of Dan- 
ville, when considered in relation to its religious privileges, must suffer on a 
comparison with other towns." This was unquestionably true for a half a 
century after its first settlement. The reason may be found in part in the fact 
that the disputed land titles brought many settlers of a lawless type and prej- 
udiced many others of a different character against a church and preaching of 
the established order which the proprietors would naturally uphold. There is 
reason for believing that occasional services were held during the last century 
by Congregational clergymen from the western part of the state on the mission 
tours to the eastward, which frequently led them across the town: it is 
known that Elders Macomber and Case, Baptist clergymen, labored here as 
early as 1789, and Rev. Jesse Lee, the apostle of Methodism, in 1793. Preach- 
ing in those days was often denominational as well as Christian, aud this 
threefold sowing of the field seemed to have prevented the establishment of 
any one church or the erection of a house of worship for several years. In 
1803 the town voted $60 for the support of gospel preachers, and Consider 
Glass, Lemuel Dyer, Matthias Vickery were the committee to expend this sum. 
The next year $40 was voted and Capt. Thomas Finson, Lemuel Dyer, and 
Samuel Crockett were entrusted with the disposal of it. The two following 
years $50 was the amount raised, and two new names appear on the appro- 
priating committee. Job Lane and William W. Peables. This course, however, 
was not consistent with the law of the state, and it became necessary in 
February, 1809, for the inhabitants of Pejepscot to send Lemuel Dyer as 
"their agent to the court of common pleas next to be holden at Portland for 
the purpose of trying to get off a fine for which the town is indicted for not 
being provided with a settled minister of the gospel." This commission 
required for its execution five days' travel and attendance, and cost the town 
17.40. It was, however, the last occasion for action of this sort. The preced- 
ing year Rev. Joseph Roberts, a Baptist licentiate, preached in the town with 
marked success, extensive revivals followed, a church of fifty-six members was 
formed, and he was ordained its pastor in December, 1808. This position he 



Town of Danville. 701 



held nearly a score of years, and was an honored and influential citizen of the 
town. He was the only representative of the town sent to the General Court 
while a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and he was also delegate 
to the convention for framing a constitution for the new state of Maine. It 
does not appear that he received a regular salary, at least during the latter 
portion of his pastorate, but supported himself in part by agriculture. The 
church, after his retirement in 1827, remained for several years without a 
pastor. In 1838 it received new life under the labors of Rev. John Butler, 
and two years later a house of worship was erected and its membership reported 
as 72. Subsequent pastors were Rev. Samuel Owen, Rev. Moses Hanscom, 
Rev. Cyrus Crafts, Rev. Anson Donham, Rev. L. P. Gurney, Rev. W. R. 
Millett. For a number of years it has been without a pastor, and by dismissals 
to other churches the membership has fallen to 22. Rev. Daniel Hutchinson, 
a Baptist clergyman, preached in the western part of the town in 1808, and 
continued to hold a service about once in every two months during the four 
years following. In 1812 more than usual interest attended the services, and 
in September of that year a small church of 13 members was organized. 
Nathaniel Sturgis, who had been most prominent in the prayer-meetings which 
had been regularly maintained for some time, was elected pastor and afterwards 
ordained as minister. Mr Sturgis was born in Gorham, September 8, 1774, 
married Sarah Patten, March 22, 1802, and January 5, 1806, Betsey Woodman. 
He settled near Danville Corner about the beginning of the centur}'-, and was, 
until his death, October 29, 1825, one of the most respected citizens of the 
town. Of his ten children, one son, Nathaniel Gorham, a life-long resident, 
and four daughters, married and left descendants. During Mr Sturgis's 
pastorate Samuel Small, afterwards for many years register of deeds for 
Cumberland county, was clerk and David Sjnall deacon. Some 25 were added 
to the church during this period. In 1828 two of its members, Jonathan 
Tracy and James Libby were ordained as ministers of the gospel. Two years 
later the latter became pastor of the West Poland church, a position he held 
for over twoscore years. From 1826 to 1834 was a period of marked 
prosperity for this church. From Danville, its name was changed to the 
Danville, Minot, and Poland church. 140, many doubtless residents of the last 
mentioned towns, were added to its rolls. In March of 1833 it sent out a 
colony of 30 members to form what is now known as the South Auburn Free 
Baptist church, the mother church being styled in the denominational register 
as the West Danville church. This new church subsequently erected a com- 
modious house of worship on the river road, near the residence of the late 
Capt. John Penley. For a number of 3^ears Rev. Gideon Perkins served as its 
pastor, and subsequently Rev. E. C. Heath. Changes in population have now 
reduced its membership to about a score and it is unable to maintain worship 
regularly. Samuel H. Haskell was chosen a deacon in the original church in 



702 History of Androscoggin County. 

1813 and for over half a century fulfilled the duties of this office in a most 
faithful manner. At his death, September 12, 1864, he left a record for active, 
earnest, and self-sacrificing labor that few can excel. From 1845 to 1858 over 
50 were added to the church, and four members, viz., Almon Libby, William 
P. Nevins, Jesse Hayes, and Byron P. Russell were ordained as ministers of 
the gospel. Removal and death have since depleted its ranks and at present 
it reports a membership of 23, of whom nearly one-half are non-residents. 

The First Congregational Church in Danville was organized April 28, 1825, 
by a council composed of delegates from the four neighboring churches of New 
Gloucester, North Yarmouth, Pownal, and Freeport. It consisted of seven 
members. Squire Giddinge, who had been prominent in the movement for its 
establishment, presented it at the beginning of the next year with a book in 
which to keep the church records. This book can not now be found and it is 
impossible to state with accuracy the names of the members. Its meetings 
were held in the school-house at the Corner, and it was ministered to, in 
conjunction with the church organized at Lewiston Falls the next year, by Rev. 
Moses Sawyer, Rev. Daniel Newell, Rev. Azariah Adams, Rev. Henry C. 
Jewett, and other clergymen laboring under the auspices of the Maine 
Missionary Society. Within a year or two four others joined the church, a 
Sabbath school was maintained, and a local Bible society organized in 
connection with its work. The growth, however, of the sister church at the 
Falls, an account of which is given elsewhere, precluded its ever attaining to 
self-support, and in 1850 its name disappeared from the minutes of the state 
organization. As most of the Congregationalists in the northerly half of the 
town came to be connected with the church at the Falls, so the Universalists 
lent their support to the services of that denomination held in the meeting- 
house which was built there in 1838. 

Allusion has been made to the labors of Rev. Jesse Lee in this neighborhood 
during the last century, and the Poland circuit then established has since been 
one of the strongholds of Methodism. The church in Danville of this 
denomination was formall}^ included in the Durham circuit in 1806, and was 
ministered to by Rev. Joshua Soule, Rev. I. Smith, Rev. B. Clay, Rev. J. 
Adams, Rev. N. B. Ashcraft, Rev. P. Ayer, Rev. J. L. Bishop, Rev. E. Blake, 
Rev. E. Case in the earlier part of this century, and by very many others since 
then. In 1863 and for several years thereafter it formed a charge by itself. 
In 1878 its membership was reported as 110, with 24 on probation. 



Town of Danville. 703 



CHAPTER XL. 

Educational History and Lewistou Falls Academy — Biographical. 

EDUCATIONAL History and Lewiston Falls Academy. — One of 
the first acts of the newly-incorporated town of Pejepscot was to divide 
itself into seven school districts. These were subsequently increased to 
eleven, though the eleventh was lost with the portion of the town annexed to 
Auburn in 1859. Between these districts there was at times a healthy rivalry 
for the efficiency and success of their respective schools. This local interest 
accomplished much in the case of District No. 1, which embraced the territory 
adjoining Danville Corner and included among others the Sturgis, Giddinge, 
Witham, and LigersoU families. This district claimed that its school corre- 
sponded exactly with its name, and it surely had the credit of sending the first 
Danville boy to college. This was the Rev. George Parsons Giddinge, D.D., 
who graduated at Bowdoin in 1823 as a classmate of William Pitt Fessenden, 
and was for many years rector of the Protestant Episcopal church at Quincy, 
111. While it is difficult to prove the assertion, there are some reasons for 
believing that the public schools were, throughout the history of the town, 
better than in the average farming communities of the state. The academy 
not only exerted a direct influence by furnishing a supply of teachers near at 
hand, but also indirectly by arousing and maintaining an interest in higher 
courses of study. Again, the appropriations of money seem to have been on a 
more liberal scale, taking a series of years together, than in most towns of the 
same size. The school population in 1820 was 493, and reached the highest 
point in 1856, when those between 4 and 21 years of age were reported as 708. 
The average attendance for years in which statistics are at hand varied from 
41 per cent, in 1856 to 61 in 1859. For the first score of years the town raised 
$250 annually for the schools, but this amount was steadily increased and early 
in 1855 was SI, 250, being several hundred dollars in excess of the amount 
required b}^ law. Despite the falling off in valuation during the next decade, 
the town increased the amount expended for each pupil. 

The year 1834 witnessed, perhaps, the most important event in the educa- 
tional history of the town in the incorporation of Edward Little, Tobias 
Purinton, James Goff, Jr, William R. Frye, Daniel Greene, Elisha Keene, 
Gideon D. Dickinson, Samuel Stone, Jonathan Raynes, John A. Briggs, and 
Enoch Littlefield, with their associates and successors, as the trustees of Lew- 
iston Falls Academy, "for the purpose of advancing science and literature and 
promoting morality, piety, and religion." Of these eleven persons, seven, and 



^04 History of Androscoggin County. 



possibly eight, were residents of Danville. The records of the corporation 
show clearly that the first mentioned gentleman was the leading spirit in the 
enterprise. They seem to indicate, on the other hand, that three of the corpo- 
rators delayed the opening of the school by their failure to attend the meetings 
of the board. For we find that two years later six instead of nine was made a 
quorum by an additional act of legislature. The trustees thereupon promptly 
met, February 27, 1836, added to their number Josiah Little, Esq., Rev. Weston 
B. Adams, and Rev. Israel Newell, and chose Edward Little president, a 
position he held till his death in 1849; James Goff, Jr, vice-president; Josiah 
Little, treasurer; and Weston B. Adams, clerk. They decided a month later 
to erect a brick building similar in size and arrangement to Kimball Union 
Academy of Plainfield, N. H., of which Rev. Mr Newell was for man}^ years 
preceptor. The cost was defrayed by a general subscription, to which the 
president of the board is said to have contributed 'f 2,000, while his son Josiah 
gave $500 and an equal amount to be expended later for apparatus. The 
building was not completed and dedicated until the following spring. The' 
academy itself, however, had meantime been opened under the charge of David 
B. Sewall, a young graduate of Bowdoin, class of 1836, since known throughout 
the state as a beloved and honored clergyman of the Congregational denom- 
ination. 

The first term of the new institution was held in the district scliool-house 
that stood near the present site of the county jail, and the second in the hall 
above Mr Goff's store, a site still marked by Gcjff Block. The academic year 
was a long one of 44 weeks, generally divided into hnir terms. The upper 
portion of the academy building was fitted up with dormitories for the use of 
those who came from a distance and could not secure rooms in the few houses 
that then made up the village of Goff's Corner. The growth of the school in 
subsequent years compelled the employment of this space for other purposes, 
and the lack of sufficient provision for inexpensive board and lodging for 
students was one of the obstacles successive teachers seem to have encountered 
regularly. While, as an early catalogue states, board in good families, 
including room, wood, lights, and washing, could be procured for -11.50 a week, 
the size of the place limited the number that could be thus accommodated. 
The tuition charge was four dollars a term and continued practically the same 
until war times, when it was increased about 50 per cent. The two years of 
Mr Sewall's principalship were prosperous ones. The academy was made to 
supply the need that led to its establishment and soon began to draw students 
from a widening circle. He received for the first year merely the tuition 
fees, for the second a salary of -1450. After the completion of the academy 
building, Mr Little conveyed to the trustees the tract of land between High 
and Main streets and Elm street and the Little Androscoggin river, then 
valued at 13,000. A few years later he also gave the property on Main street, 



Town of Danville. 705 



known as the Chapin house, and valued at about the same amount. This may 
seem a meagre endowment for an educational institution, as indeed it is, 
measured by the standards of to-day, but it was wisely managed and the income 
from the proceeds of the house lots as they were sold from time to time, proved 
sufficient to maintain the building in repair and to supplement the tuition fees 
in making up a reasonable salary for the teachers employed. The trustees 
believed that for an efficient and successful school, it was chiefly necessary to 
provide a building and apparatus, and that the instructors should by their 
ability attract scholars and obtain their compensation largely from them. It 
must be acknowledged that this theory worked better then than it would at 
the present day. The second principal, Benjamin Mead, was a Bowdoin 
graduate, as indeed were all his successors with two exceptions, and maintained 
the standing and character of the school, which averaged about 40 pupils 
during the two years it was under his charge. He was succeeded by 
Edward Payson Weston, than whom few have done more for the educational 
interests of the state. Teaching was Mr Weston's life work and the seven 
years he gave to the Lewiston Falls Academy were a period of marked progress 
and prosperity. The grounds were planted with trees and shrubbery, laid out 
with walks and surrounded by a fence. -fGOO was expended upon apparatus. 
A preceptress and two assistants were added to the teaching force and 
instruction in music and drawing was provided for those desiring either. In 
addition to the ordinary preparatory and classical course of study, one was 
offered made up of French and the higher English branches, geometry, sur- 
veying, astronomy, rhetoric, and mental philosophy. Certificates of fitness to 
teach were granted to those passing a special examination. A Literary Union 
had been formed among the students after the pattern of the general college 
societies at Bowdoin and in its charge was the library collected by Capt. 
William Ladd, of Minot, the well-known advocate of peace, and bequeathed at 
his death to the academy. The pupils in 1846 numbered 175, 111 being the 
largest number attending any one term. Of these, four were residents of 
another state and 85 of other towns than Danville, Auburn, Minot, or Lewiston. 
This increase of non-resident scholars led to the proposal of the trustees to 
erect a brick dormitory, 62x 38 feet and three stories high. The cost was to be 
met b}^ the sale at auction of twelve house lots. Unfortunately the bids did 
not reach the minimum price decided upon, and a few 3'ears later obtained at 
private sale, and the project was on Mr Weston's departure, the following year, 
allowed to slumber. It was revived at several different times subsequently, 
but never carried into effect. Alvin Boody, who graduated from Bowdoin in 
1847, but who had experience in teaching and was afterwards principal of 
Fryeburg Academy, took charge of the school for about two years. He was 
succeeded by Jotham B. Sewall. The academy profited much by his scholar- 
ship and character, During the two years of his stay over |800 was expended 



706 History of Androscoggin County. 



upon the building and the grounds, which then assumed the appearance so 
familiar to the old residents, the plain but neat brick structure with wooden 
belfry, guarded on either side by the terraced pines, remnants of the primeval 
forest, and approached by the long walk shut in by the cedar hedge. Mr 
Edward Little's death, which occurred at this time, brought a bequest of |2,500 
to the academy funds, which now amounted to about |6,000. The entire 
income was with few exceptions expended each year and there were no 
subsequent additions of moment save from the sales of the lands. Two 
Bowdoin classmates of 1847, Rev. Ebenezer S. Jordan and Prof. William M. 
Baker, had charge of the school during the next few years, with an average 
attendance of 85 to 90. Under the next principal, George Woods, since 
chancellor for a score of years of the Western University of Pennsylvania, the 
names of Spanish students appear for the first time in the annual catalogue. 
Several young men from the West Indies, especially from Cuba, were for a 
series of years pupils at the academy. In the spring term of 1856, the last 
of Mr Woods's principalship, the attendance of students was 138. Several 
teachers were employed during the next three years for short periods, of whom 
at least two should be mentioned, Hon. Enos T. Luce, now of Waltham, Mass., 
and Rev. Dr Edwin P. Parker, of Hartford, Conn. In 1859, Warren T. 
Webster, a graduate of Brown University, assumed charge of the institution. 
The eight years that followed were the most prosperous the academy had seen. 
The number of students increased until in the fall term of 1865 they reached 
250. The assistant teachers included some of the ablest and most faithful 
workers the town has ever known. 

In 1864 the building was remodelled and enlarged, and two years later the 
name of the institution was changed by an act of legislature to the Edward 
Little Institute. At the close of the war the so-called commercial college 
came into fashion and Mr Webster's energy and interest in education led him 
to add to the English and Classical course that had been taught so long on the 
hill, a commercial department which occupied the two largest halls down town 
and employed several special teachers. The undertaking was not successful 
from a financial standpoint. The additional work and worry which it brought 
seriously affected his health and led to his resignation, which the trustees 
regretfully accepted in Jul}'-, 1867. His successor, Charles C. Rounds, had 
been an assistant for the two preceding years, and a year later became prin- 
cipal of the State Normal School at Farmingtou. Death had now removed 
from the board of trustees. Rev. Elijah Jones, who had served as president 
since the decease of the founder, Josiah Little, who, though a non-resident, 
retained the strong interest in the school of which he had previously given 
practical evidence, Edward T. Little, who had long and ably served as the 
treasurer and a member of the executive committee, and, a short time later, 
Samuel Pickard, who, from the first, had been one of the most active and 



Town of Danville. 707 



efficient members. The growth of Auburn, on the other hand, made it desirable 
that the academy should be closely connected with tlie system of public schools 
and open to all free of charge. Accordingly the trustees gave the use of the 
building for a free high school to the city of Auburn, and four years later, in 
1873, formally transferred their title to the entire property, then valued at 
'125,000. The chief conditions of the transfer were that the city should 
maintain at least 33 weeks in each year a first-class high school, to be always 
known as the Edward Little High School, and should erect a statue of the 
person thus commemorated, at a cost of #7,000. These conditions were duly 
carried out. Under a succession of able teachers, students from old Danville 
have enjoyed the privileges of academical study previously offered by the 
institute. In the stmiio at Rome of the distinguished Maine scul[jtor, Franklin 
Simmons, was made an admirable portrait statue, which was cast in bronze at 
Munich, and, in October, 1877, erected in front of the new and larger building 
that was then replacing the old academy. On that occasion an able oration 
was delivered by Judge Nahura Morrill, long an active and prominent member 
of the trustees, and a pleasing and appropriate poem read by Mrs M. S. Read, 
one who answered of old to the academic bell pealing from out the "pine trees' 
living sheen." The space given to this sketch of the Lewiston Falls Academy 
is onl}'^ justified by the influence, direct and indirect, which it exerted on the 
town within whose limits it was established. There was hardly a family in 
Danville whose name does not occur in the list of its students. The various 
natives and residents of the town, who are college graduates, received their 
preparatory course there, with but few exceptions. The facilities it offered 
had an important, if an unnoticed part, in changing the village of Goff's 
Corner into a large and prosperous community. 

Bio</raphical. — As the limits of this sketch do not admit of extended 
biographical details the writer has confined himself to a brief mention of all 
heads of families known to have been resident in town a- hundred years ago, 
and concludes with a fuller account of two men who were representative, each 
in his way, of the generation that has now passed away. 

John Merrill, a native of Newbury, Mass., was probably the first permanent 
settler in the town. He married, July 20, 1773, Molly Royal, of North Yar- 
mouth. They had seven children, and with their sons Charles and Jeremiah, 
who were then married, were living in the first school district in 1803. Aunt 
Molly, as she was commonly known, had the reputation of being "a witch. 
Superstitious people observed that her opposition or dislike to any person or 
thing brought strange and serious accidents. Her husband once sold against 
her will a pair of oxen ; the next morning the new owner found them lying 
dead, with their horns implanted in the ground. If a neighbor borrowed a sled 
of Goodman Merrill without her consent, he was likely to find it so bewitched 
that all his efforts and all his ingenuity could not keep the load in place. 



708 History of Androscoggin County. 



The surname Jordan has been one of the most frequent and prominent in 
the annals of the town. Four families of the name came previous to 1790. 
The two brothers, Humphrey and James, sons of James and Elizabeth (Jordan) 
Jordan, of Cape Elizabeth, were probably the first. Humphrey served through- 
out the War of the Revolution and also in that of 1812. He married Joanna 
Bryant, who died February 13, 1856, in her 90th year. The}^ lived in the 
fourth school district, and had two sons, Abraham and John, and a daughter, 
Eunice, who died unmarried. James m. Elizabeth McKenney, lived in the fifth 
district, and had 14 children. Dominions Jordan, of South Auburn, is a grand- 
son. Two other brotliers, Ebenezer and John Weiman, sons of Lt Benjamin and 
Hannah (Weiman) Jordan, of Cape Elizabeth, cleared up farms for themselves 
in Danville shortl}^ after those just mentioned. Ebenezer settled in the sixth 
district, and lived there much respected till his death, March 24, 1854, in his 
90th year. It was said of him that during his long life he never used tobacco 
or spirituous liquors. He married Sarah McKenney, and had nine children, 
Eben D. Jordan, the well-known merchant of Boston, is his grandson, while in 
Auburn he is represented by another grandson, Ebenezer Jordan, Esq. John 
Weiman Jordan married Margaret Pepperell Peables, settled in the seventh 
school district, and had 10 children. Charles P. Jordan, of South Auburn, is 
his grandson. 

Patrick Arras, a native of County Kilkenny, Ireland, came to Pejepscot 
with his wife, Anna Jordan, from Cape Elizabeth about 1780. They lived in 
the first school district, and had eight children. 

John Vosmus, who was born in Cologne, Germany, August 15, 1747, married 
Hannah Libby, and cleared as early as 1787 the farm now occupied by Domin- 
icus Jordan near " the trap." The}' had nine children, and among their 
descendants may be mentioned Thomas Vosmus, for many years on the police 
force of Auburn, and Tascus Atwood, late county attorney. 

Among the early settlers in the southern part of the town were Mrs 
Dorothy (McKenney) Libby, widow of Luke Libby, of Scarborough, who is 
said to have served in the Revolutionary army, and her five sons, Dominions, 
Luke, Isaac, William, and Humphrey. They came in 1789, and each of the 
brothers cleared and occupied a farm on or near Libby Hill. Dominicus, the 
eldest, married his cousin, Dorothy McKenney. They had ten children, of 
whom all died at home unmarried save four. His only living descendant 
bearing the name is Mr John Nelson Libby, of South Auburn. Luke married 
Elizabeth Mitchell, and died September 13, 1800, leaving two children. 
Deacon William T. Libby, of South Auburn, is his grandson. Isaac m. 
Dorothy Meserve, and had ten children, of whom all but two married. The 
homestead is still occupied by his grandchildren, William M. and Moses H. 
Libby. William married his cousin, Hannah McKenney, and had six children, 
none of whom have descendants living. Humphrey, the youngest of the five 



Town of Danville. 709 



brothers, served in the War of 1812, and died of fever at Sackett's Harbor, 
September 9, 1813. He married Keziah Meserve, and had seven daughters, 
all of whom married. Dennis Libby, son of Ichabod and Mary (Fickett) 
Libby, a distant relative of the brothers just mentioned, was born in Scar- 
borough in 1771, and came to Danville on attaining his majority. He married 
Betsey McKenney, a sister of William Libby's wife, and cleared a farm near 
the Durham line. He had 11 children, all but three of whom married. 
His sons were officers and active members of the Methodist church, and a 
grandson is Rev. Charles E. Libby, of Rust University, Mississippi. The rep- 
resentatives of this family, now resident in Auburn, are Messrs Gershom C. 
and Moses L. Libby. 

John Stinchfield, a native of Windham, with his wife, Sarah Lake, settled 
in the fourth district, about 1788, had nine children, and left many descend- 
ants to keep the name alive. 

The McKenneys (the name is often spelled in the records McKinney),like the 
Jordans and the Libbys, with whom they so frequently intermarried, trace their 
origin to Cape Elizabeth and Scarborough, and so naturally contributed largely 
to the settlement of Danville. It appears that at least five different families 
of this name came previous to 1791. First may be mentioned Temperance, 
widow of Jacob McKenney, who with her two sons, Jacob and Stephen, and 
two daughters, lived in the fourth school district. Lieutenant William 
McKenney, who served in the Revolutionary War, married Miriam Jordan 
and settled here after its close. They had seven children, of whom the 
youngest has but lately passed away. His brother Isaac married Hannah, a 
sister of Miriam, probably came about the same time, and had a family of five 
children. Another William McKenney, who died May 25, 1798, married Mary 
Jordan, a sister of Humphrey Jordan mentioned above, and had five children, 
all save the first born here. His widow married Abraham McKenney, by 
whom she had two sons. She survived her second husband, who died at sea 
in December, 1800, and died, March 1, 1838, in her 75th year. Charles 
McKenney married Lurany Richards, and lived in the seventh school district. 
They had seven children, who all had families. He was, perhaps, the last of 
the early settlers to pass away, dying June 9, 1859, at the age of 92 years 
5 months and 13 days. 

Among the first to settle in the central part of the town, not far from 
Danville Corner, were Jonathan Rowe and his wife, Alice Easkott, with their 
four sons and two daughters. They were natives of Gloucester, Mass., the 
town which furnished most of the early settlers. The father died July 1, 1795, 
before the incorporation of Pejepscot, and his widow survived him seven years, 
dying at the advanced age of 90. Jonathan, the eldest son, was twice married, 
but left only one son, Moses, the father of Henry R. S. Rowe, of Boston, and of 
the late William W. Rowe, of Auburn. The third son, Stephen, married Mary 



710 History of Androscoggin County. 

Lane, and had 10 children, nearly all of whom married and lived in Danville. 
The late Dorainicus J. Rowe, of South Auburn, was his grandson. The fourth 
son, Thoraas, married Polly Goss, and had 13 children. Of the two daughters, 
Alice married Aaron Dresser and Rachel died unmarried. 

The kingdom of Portugal supplied one of the citizens of Danville in the 
person of Joseph Saundres, who married Jemima Merrill, of Newbur^i, Mass., 
and settled in the west part of the town nearly 25 years before its incorpora- 
tion. They had 11 children, of whom at least two married and had families 
living in the first school district in 1802. Another early family, which, like the 
preceding, has no representatives of the name living here now, is that of 
Consider Glass, a native of Duxbury, Mass., and of Hannah Parsons, his wife, 
who died December .19, 1803. They came about 1786, lived in the seventh 
school district, and had 10 children. The names given some of these, Ezekiel, 
Consider, Thankful, Esther, suggest descent from good Pilgrim stock. In the 
same district lived Tobias Goold, a native of Kittery, and his wife, Rhoda 
Hammon, who moved from New Gloucester about 1792. They had 12 children, 
but none of the name are at present resident in the city. There were three 
persons by the name of Thomas Goss, father, son, and grandson, resident in 
Danville previous to 1800, and each had large families. The first Thomas 
Goss was born in Gloucester, Mass., May 19, 1730, and had nine children, all 
of whom, save two, settled in Danville. He died November 20, 1819. Thoraas 
Goss, his eldest son, married Tammy Finson, came to Danville about 1787, and 
died there December 26, 1799, leaving seven children. Thomas Goss, son of 
Thomas and Tammy (Finson) Goss, was born at Gloucester, Mass., May 29, 
1780, married Elizabeth Witham, and had nine children. John Goss, son of 
the first Thomas Goss, married Anna Parsons, had six sons and four daughters, 
and died March 10, 1848. Of the many representatives of this family now 
living in Auburn, may be mentioned the well-known merchants, Messrs Almon 
L. and Elery F. Goss. A full account of the later generations is given in the 
"Goss Family Chronicles," written by William H. Boomer. 

The first perhaps of the early settlers to die was John AUman, who at his 
death. May 17, 1791, had been a resident for two or three years. He married 
Mary Goss, widow of Hugh Parkhurst, of Gloucester, Mass., and had two 
daughters, Betsey, who married Nathaniel Moody, of Minot, and Sally, who 
married John Witham. 

William and Susan Roy all settled in the center of the town on the farm 
now occupied by John Gowell in 1780. They had five children, Jacob, Susan, 
William, Elizabeth, and Isaac. The two first mentioned, on the death of their 
parents, became members of the family of Samuel and Rebecca (Stinchfield) 
Tarbox, who in 1803 lived in the first school district. 

Matthias Vickery, who settled in the eastern part of the town not far from 
the Androscoggin river, between 1782 and 1784, had by his two wives, Ruth 



Town of Danville. 711 



Horton and Elizabeth Wagg, a patriarchial family of 19 children, of whom four 
died in childhood. The sons that settled in Danville were James, who married 
Rebecca Penley and had 11 children, Matthias, Jr, who married Sally Dingley 
and had eight children, and Samuel, who married Nabby Fogg and had 11 
children. 

For 'ts excellent series of records, Danville has been indebted to several 
painstaking clerks, but to none of them for a longer period than to Ebenezer 
Witham. His father, a native of Gloucester, Mass., was one of the first to 
settle in the northwestern part of the town, moving there soon after 1780. 
His mother was Sarah Hool. They had eight children, of whom four married 
and had children. Two of the sons, John and Ebenezer, were on the board of 
selectmen over a quarter of a century. 

True Woodbury, a native of Newbury, Mass., married, in 1780, Susanna 
Nevins, of New Gloucester, and shortly after settled in what was, 20 years 
later, the fourth school district. He had 15 children, and his sons and grand- 
sons have been prominent in town affairs. To the same neighborhood and at 
about the same time came William and James Nevins, natives of Gloucester, 
Mass., and presumably brothers. William married Elizabeth Ray, had five 
children, and died July 23, 1800. James married Joanna Haskell and had 
11 children, the eldest, James, being born in Poland, and the second, William, 
in New Gloucester. He died May 19, 1832; his wife survived him and died 
January 31, 1848, in her 90th year. John Walker, a native of Windham, with 
his wi'fe, Jane Lake, came to this district about 1790. The names of six of 
their children are given in the town lecords. So also are the names of the 
seven children of Nathaniel and Sarah (Morgan) Sawyer, who lived here from 
1790 till their death in 1828. 

Joseph Dresser, a native of Gloucester, Mass., married there December 5, 
1778, Mary Lane, and settled previous to 1782 directly opposite Dresser's rips, 
on the farm now owned by E. H. Hutchins. They had four children, of whom 
only two have descendants, Mary, who married William Moody, 2d, and 
Martha, who married Joseph Davis. Dr Joseph D. Davis, of Auburn, and 
James F. Davis, for many years proprietor of the Maine Hotel, were children 
of the latter. Aaron Dresser, a brother of Joseph, married Alice Rowe and 
cleared, about 1782, a farm on the cross road near his brother's, which came to 
be known as the Michael Holland place, from his son-in-law. He had nine 
children and died February 25, 1845, in his 87th year. 

Edward and William Plummer settled in what was afterwards the fifth 
school district, between 1787 and 1789. They were natives of Scarborough 
and presumably brothers. William married Abigail Jordan and had nine 
children, whose descendants still live here. He died October 29, 1838, in his 
81st year. Edward married Deborah Bragdon and had two sons and four 
daughters. 



712 History of Androscoggin County. 



There were several families b}^ the name of Larrabee among the early 
settlers, but the only one known to have come previous to 1790 was Solomon, 
who, with his wife, Lucy Dunn, and eight children, was living in this district 
in 1803. 

Richard Hollis, a native of Weymouth, Mass., is perhaps the only one of 
the early settlers in the sixth school district that has no descendants of the 
name now resident in town. He married, February 13, 1777, Sarah Hanscome, 
of Cape Elizabeth, and had five sons and seven daughters. He died March 11, 
1815, of typhus fever, at that time prevalent in this region. 

George Leach, a native of Cape Elizabeth, came to this portion of the 
town with his wife, Catherine Wheeler, about 1788. They had five sons and 
three daughters. 

Moses Hanscom, of Cape Elizabeth, married Molly McGray, of Harpswell, 
and lived in this district with his seven daughters and three sons, of whom the 
late Rev. Moses Hanscom, of Auburn, was the youngest. 

James Wagg, a native of Cape Elizabeth, settled iu the south part of the 
town, on the river road, as early as 1780. He married Dorcas Strout and had, 
besides five daugliters, three sons, Samuel, James, and Williaui P., several of 
whose descendants are residents of Auburn. 

One of the few natives of New Hampshire among the early citizens of the 
town was David Gross, who, with his wife, Sally Newell, came in 1791. They 
had seven sons and five daughters. He died January 3, 1837, and his widow 
June 28, 1859, iu her 85th year. 

Lemuel Dyer, of Cape Elizabeth, removed to Danville about 1782, and was 
prominent in town affairs until his death, January 1, 1813. He married Sarah 
Leach, who died January 29, 1847, in her 86th year. They had three sons that 
died in childhood, and seven daughters. 

Benning and Samuel S., sons of Capt. John Wentworth, of Kittery, a 
veteran of the old French as well as of the Revolutionary War, were among 
the early settlers of Pejepscot. Benning, named for his father's uncle. Gov. 
Benning Wentworth, of New Hampshire, enlisted in his father's company in 
1776 and served for five years. He had a family of eight children, three sons 
and five daughters. In 1816 he removed to Ohio with his entire family, except 
the eldest daughter, Sarah B., who married the Rev. James Garcelon. A 
year before his death he had over 50 grandchildren living, nearly all in the 
west. Samuel Salley Wentworth settled, soon after his marriage, on the River 
road, and had eight children, of whom the two youngest were burned to 
death in 1819. Two daughters, Sarah Bartlett and Elizabeth Jordan, married 
their neighbors, Ephraim and Joseph Crockett. Of the two sons, William 
settled in Ohio and was a soldier in the Mexican War ; Foster settled finally 
in Norway, and had seven children, of whom William H. and Charles B. died, 
iu 1864, in the service of the United States. 



Town of Danville. 713 



Ephraim Crockett and his wife, Rebecca Stanford, came from Cape Eliza- 
beth about 1789. They had ten children, nearly all of whom married and reared 
large families. Their son Ephraim's descendants alone numbered nearly 100 
persons when the latter's widow died in 1875. 

Andretv Robinson G-iddin(/e, commonly known as " Squire " Giddinge, was 
both one of the first settlers and most prominent citizens of Pejepscot. He 
was of the sixth generation in descent from George Giddinge, who came from 
St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, to Ipswich, Mass., in 1635, and was a prom- 
inent man, serving as deputy to the General Court for ten years. He was 
named for his great-grandfather, Capt. Andrew Robinson, who was a great- 
grandson of Rev. John Robinson, the famous pastor at Leyden, of the Pilgrim 
Fathers. Squire Giddinge was born September 22, 1763, at Gloucester, Mass., 
the native town and residence of his parents, Capt. Andrew and Elizabeth 
(Davis) Giddinge. On the death of his father, who had served during the 
French and Indian War and was lost at sea during the Revolution, young 
Giddinge left Duramer Academy, where he had been a pupil for several 
years, and entered the employment of Daniel Sargeant, a merchant of Boston. 
After a year he embarked upon a sea-faring life, and on his second voyage to the 
West Indies was taken prisoner at St Christopher. He remained in prison 
some time and then was sent to London on an English ship. He fortunately 
met there an old acquaintance, Capt. George Hales, who procured for him a 
protection for the South Sea whale fishery. He made an 18 months' voyage 
with Capt. Hales, returning to London with a ship-load of oil, but to a poor 
market. Peace hud now been declared, and his thoughts turned homewards. 
After several vain attempts, he procured passage from Amsterdam to New 
York the month before he was 21. He subsequently made three voyages to 
Europe, then bought an extensive tract of land in what was practically a 
wilderness, and settled in Pejepscot in 1787. Here he resided till his death, 
which occurred June 22, 1847. His home for a third of a century was the large 
square house at Danville Corner standing behind a row of elm trees. These 
trees, which he had set out himself, were the pride of his old age, and he some- 
times referred to the well-trodden footpath inside the row as his quarter-deck. 
In Danville, Squire Giddinge's life was as quiet as the previous portion had 
been adventurous. As a trial justice he held court and gave counsel in all 
legal and serai-legal matters, and he served several years as one of the 
justices of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace. He was the one most 
frequently called upon by the community to draft petitions, survey land, and 
write deeds. For several years he held an innkeeper's license, and his house 
was in many respects the social center of the town. During the greater part 
of his long life he kept a diary, still in the possession of his descendants, and 
of which free use has been made in preparing this sketch. He was a remark- 
ably fine penman. With a pen made from a duck's quill he could write the 



714 History of Androscoggin County. 

Lord's prayer within a. circle the size of a dime with such distinctness that it 
could be read with the naked eye. He possessed much facility in the compo- 
sition of verse. The following is the first of seven stanzas that close his record 

for 1839: 

" Time still waves his pinion, nor let us repine, 
But chant our adieu to old thirty-nine, 
For its mercies be thankful, our hearts let us cheer, 
And hope in our God for the coming new year." 

Especially full of the religious hope and assurance that characterized his 
long life of honor and usefulness are the verses he dictated on his 83d birth- 
day, too numerous to be repeated here, but which remain treasured in the 
memory of his grandchildren. Mr Giddinge was twice married. His first 
wife, Anna Lane, died December 12, 1798, aged 31, leaving a son and two 
daughters ; his second, Elizabeth Parsons, died May 22, 1831, leaving two sons. 
Anna, the eldest child, married Col. Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, a prominent and 
influential citizen of the town, and had several children who maintain the 
family traditions. Andrew R., the eldest, and Amos T., the youngest son, lived 
for many years at the Corner, but none of the name are now resident in 
town. The remaining son. Rev. George Parsons Giddinge, D.D., was a prom- 
inent member of the Episcopal church in Illinois and Missouri, and largely 
instrumental in the establishment of Trinity church in Lewiston. 

Captain John Penley, who became a resident of Pejepscot previous to its 
incorporation, and whose long life saw the end of its municipal existence, has 
been chosen as another example of the sturdy and able men who have been 
prominent in town affairs and have left descendants and representatives to 
follow in their steps. He was the son of Joseph and Esther (Fogg) Penley, 
and was born May 11, 1782, near Strout's Point in Freeport, then included in 
the town of North Yarmouth. His father, born in Gloucestershire, England, 
July 13, 1756, had a rather romantic career. Visiting, one day, his elder 
brother, a hatter in London, he strayed down to the docks, was seized by the 
press gang, hurried on board a war-ship, which sailed without allowing him the 
slightest opportunity to communicate witli his friends. While the vessel was 
cruising off the Maine coast, angered at having received a flogging for some 
trifling offence, he with a messmate stole the ship's boat and came ashore. 
Though closely pursued the}^ succeeded in escaping. He enlisted in the 
American army in the war that shortly followed, served several years and 
settled near its close in Freeport. His son, Capt. John Penley, was a boy of 
10 when the family removed in 1792 to Pejepscot. His opportunities for 
education had been slight; they were even less in his new home, but he 
improved them to such an extent that he was not hampered in this direction in 
his subsequent successful business career. He married early, always lived 
upon a farm, and sometimes owned and operated as many as eight or ten, but 



Town of Danville. 715 



the purchase and sale of horses and cattle was the occupation in which he was 
especially interested and to which he gave much attention during the fourscore 
years he lived in Danville. He was one of the pioneers in the now important 
industry of sending Maine cattle to the Brighton market, and one of his droves 
was the second driven out of the state to that market. He held for many 
years the position in the state militia that gave him the title by which he was 
usually known. He represented the town in the legislature in 1824 and in 
1838, and was repeatedly elected to various municipal offices. He was one of 
the organizers in 1847 of the Auburn bank — which was first named the 
Danville bank — and long continued one of its directors. He had a place in 
the management of the Lewiston Falls Bridge Company, for forty years the 
most important of the local corporations. He was kind towards the poor and 
those in his employ, and just and honorable in business. Though not a 
member of any church, he worshiped with and was much interested in the 
welfare of the Free Baptist church near his homestead. To the care and 
repair of its building and of the burying-ground adjacent he gave much, in 
time and money, during his life, and at his death bequeathed to it $1,000. He 
died January 13, 1873, in his 91st year. Captain Penley married first, in 1802, 
Desire Dingley, by whom he had thirteen children, and second, in 1834, Julia 
A. Wagg, by whom he had five children. Rufus Penley, of South Auburn, is 
one of the four surviving children of the first marriage, and those of the 
second are represented by ex-Mayor Penley, of Auburn. 



716 History of Androscoggin County. 



POLAND 



CHAPTER XLI. 

Bakerstowk. — Grant of — First Location — Oiigin of Name — Proprietors of — "A 
Township Lost" — The New Grant — First Division of Lots — Action of Proprietors — 
Settlers and Improvements in 1783 — Petition of Settlers, 1785 — Bridgbam & Glover Pur- 
chase — Litigation — Final Settlement and Award to Little. 

THE history of Poland commences with Bakerstown, which name it should 
have taken on incorporation. In 1735 John Tyler, Joseph Pike, and 
others, " officers and soldiers in the expedition to Canada, Anno 1690, 
under the command of Capt. John March, Capt. Stephen Greenleaf, and Capt. 
Philip Nelson," petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts for two town- 
ships of land in consideration of their military services. The petition was 
granted February 3, 1736. One of these townships — Bakerstown^ — "was laid 
out Westerly of Merrimack river, and northerly of and adjoining to Contoo- 
cook, by Richard Hazzen, surveyor, at the direction of the Honorable Thomas 
Berry, Esq., Charles Peirce and John Hobson, Esqs., October 23, 1739," and 
allotted to these proprietors: Capt. Stephen Greenleaf, Deacon Joshua Moody, 
Joseph Gould, Joseph Page, Jr, Elisha Sweatt, John Kent, Caleb Moody, 
Nathanael Clark, John Thurlo, Joseph Osgood, Samuel George, Hannah 
Bolton, Capt. John Sargent, Benjamin Hoag, John Badger, Samuel Smith, Jr, 
Jonathan Marsh, Joseph Ilsley, Gideon Lowell, Stephen Chase, Joseph Short, 
Thomas Huse, John Lunt, Abraham Titcomb, Joseph Pike, James Brown, 
Stephen Longfellow', Stephen Longfellow '^ Samuel Bartlet y'' 3d, Nathanael 
Barnard, Capt. Thomas Hale, Jeremiah Goodridge, Capt. Thomas Wallingford, 
John March, Rev'd Mr William Johnson, William Huse, Joseph Davis, Henry 
Do we, Samuel Sargent, Samuel Silver, Robert Savory, Tristram Greenleaf, 
Eleazer Hudson, Dr Joseph Hills, Thomas Challis, Jonathan Blaisdel, James 
Toppan, Daniel Bradley, David Bartlet, Peter Ayers, Eleazer Johnson, Lazarus 
Goodwin, James Anderton, John Littleale, Edward Emerson, Zachariah Beal, 
Capt. John Sergent, Percival Clark, Ebenezer Stewart, Joseph Holland. Massa- 
chusetts at this time claimed the greater part of Laconia, and Bakerstown was 
located where is now the town of Salisbury. In 1740 the Masonian claim met 

1 According to J. J. Dearborn, M.D., historian of Salisbury, N. H., the township by common 
consent received its name in honor of the brave Capt. Thomas Baker, who in 1720 killed the sachem 
"SVaternumus on the bank of the rapid stream entering the Pemigewasset near Plymouth, still called 
Baker's river. So little was known of the country that this grant was considered to lie in that vicinity. 



-• 



Town of Poland. 717 



with kind reception from George II, who in 1741 settled the question of 
boundary by creating the Province of New Hampshire, and the Massachusetts 
title was invalid. 

Coming events had cast their shadow before, and at a proprietors' meeting 
held September 29, 1740, "the Proprietors being informed that by the Deter- 
mination of his Majesty in Council relating to the controverted Bounds 
between the Province of the Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire we were 
excluded from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, to which we always 
supposed ourselves to belong; therefore it is unmiimousli/ Voted that a Petition 
be preferred to the King's most Excellent Majesty, setting forth our distressed 
condition and praying we may be continued in the said Province of the Massa- 
chusetts." Thomas Hutchinson, Esq., was "Impowered to present the Petition 
to His Majesty in our behalf," etc. This was of no avail, and Bakerstown "on 
the Merrimack and adjoining Contoocook " was abandoned. Nothing was 
further done until we find this record in the ancient volume of Proju-ietors' 
Proceedings : 

Whereas there was a Township granted by the Government of Massachuseth Anno 1736, to a 
number of Officers and Soldiers their Heirs &c. for their Service in the Canada Expedition, Anno, 
1690, as ])y the foregoing Records may more fully appear, in which Township they had laid out Lots, 
built Mills and Houses, and had been at great Cost and Charge in bringing forward the settlement of 
the same. Which by running the late Line between the Province of Massachusetts and New Hampshire 
fell into the latter. After divers Petitions and applications to his late Majesty King George the 
Second; and also to the Government of New Hampshire for said Township to be Coniirm'd to them all 
which petitions and applications were in vain, therefore tlie said Township was given up as lost from 
Anno 1754 to Anno 17()4, at which time the Proprietors having hope that the Government of the Massa- 
chuseth would grant them another Township in lieu of that lost, thereupon a Number of the former 
Proprietors met together and appointed an Agent to Sollicit their cause at the General Court of said 
Province of the Massachusetts for some redress either in Lands, or in such way and manner as to said 
Court should seem meet, the Transactions of which affair are more fully set forth in the following 
Records: 

In March, 1764, Major Samuel Gerrish was chosen " to petition the Great 
and General Court for some Relief for a township lost," the next year Captain 
Moses Little and Col Jonathan Bagley were chosen to join Major Gerrish, and 
in 1765 was made the following : 

Proprietors Agreement with ye Agents. — That our Agents Maj.''' Samuel Gerrish, Capt. 
Moses Little & Col. Jonathan Bagly, who are to Sollicite the Great & Gen.""' Court for a Grant of a 
Township of the unappropriated Land in this Province in lieu of a Township Granted to a number of 
Officers & Soldiers in the Canada Expedition call'd Bakers Town, which Township by the late running 
the Province Line has fallen into New Hampshire That they shall have & enjoy all the Lands the 
said Great and Gen."'' Court shall Grant to the former Owners or Proprietors of said Bakers Town, over 
and above Six Miles and Three Quarters of a Mile Square in full Satisfaction for all their trouble 
charge & expence in preferring the said Petition and getting a Township Granted And if the said 
General Court should be pleased not to grant a Township over and above Six Miles and Three quarters 
of a Mile Square, then they our said Agents Gerrish, Little and Bagley to be at the whole expence 
without any charge to the Proprietors, and if any more than Six miles and three quarters of a mile 
Square should be granted they the said Agents to have it and to take it in proportion, in every Division 
of Lotts that shall be laid out in said Township. 



718 History of Androscoggik County. 

Through the earnest labors of their agents, the General Court granted in 
1765 to the Bakerstown proprietors "a township of land in the Province of 
Maine to be laid out on east side of Saco river, and to adjoin some former 
grants." This was to be seven and one-half miles square, 8,600 acres being 
allowed for water in ponds. The location was not to interfere with the 
Pejepscot claim or New Gloucester. 

The First Division of Lots was made or drawn December 23, 1767, by Mr 
Simon Ayer, Capt. Robert Sergent, and Capt. Moses Little, as follows : 

Capt. Stephen Greenleaf 61, Deacon Joshua Moody 48, Henry Eaton 4, Elisha Sweatt 22, John 
Kent 86, Caleb Moody 63, Nathaniel Clark 90, John Thorla 58, Joseph Osgood 34, Samuel George 87, 
Hannah Bolton 83, Capt. John Sergent 39, Benjamin Hoag 88, John Badger 70, Samuel Smith Jun."" 
9, Jonathan Marsh 75, Joseph Ilsley 32, Gideon Lowell 11, Stephen Chase 2, Joseph Short 21, Thomas 
Huse 5, Thos Berry Esq. 100, Samuel Bartlet M 81, John Lunt 97, Abr.m Titcomb 30, Joseph Pike 
89, James Brown 47, Stephen Longfellow 40, Stephen Longfellow 98, Nathaniel Barnard 79, Capt. 
Tho.s Hale 78, Jeremiah Goodridge 50, Col. Tho.s Wallinsford 33, John March 72, Rev'd Will'" Johnson 
13, William Huse 53, Joseph Davis 57, Henry Dowe 7, Samuel Sargent .36, Sam.e' Silver 94, Robert 
Savory 93, Tristram Greenleaf 20, Eleazer Hudson 82, William Johnson Rev.<J 99, Joseph Hills 31, 
Thomas Challis 43, Jonathan Blasdel 27, James Toppan 6, Daniel Bradley 56, David Bartlet 3, Peter 
Ayer 65, Eleazer Johnson 55, Lazarus Goodwin 10, James Anderton 91, John Littleale 28, Edward 
Emerson 37, Zachariah Beal 69, Capt. John Sergent 77, Percival Clark 1, Ebenezer Stewart 12, Joseph 
Holland 66, Joseph Gould 62, First Minister 52, Ministerial Right 29, Harvard CoUedge 17, School 44, 
Jona Bagley Esq 80, 67, 49, 92, 54, 19, 60, 25, 61, 84, 74; Captain Moses Little 85, 46, 23, 16, 96, 35, 71, 76, 
18, 41, 24; Major Samuel Gerrish 51, 15, 26, 8, 14, 45, 95, 73, 42, 68, 59. 

The proprietors' meetings are held in Newbury and Amesbury up to May 14, 
1798. It was voted " to receive the plan of the new township obtained by 
our agents in lieu of Bakers Town lost"; also that "the reward heretofore 
voted to their agents is a sufficient reward to them for their time trouble 
and expense in getting the new township, etc.," and "if Ten of the proprie- 
tors will settle on the new Township within one year they shall have Ten 
Dollars each for their encouragement paid by the proprietors, also to build a 
saw-mill in the new township and a town house and to clear roads, etc." The 
three agents are allowed to settle five additional families. Capt. Robert Ser- 
gent and Capt. Daniel Bradley are chosen to lot out the new township ; they 
are to be paid " 25 shillings per day (old tenor) for their service and find 
them." David Bradley, Samuel Little, Simon Ayer, and Ezra Hale to be 
chainmen at 20 shillings, old tenor, per day and "find them." 100 acres are 
to be laid out to each proprietor, and i90 are voted to lay out ninety lots. 
April 7, 1767, "the committee to lay out lots are to clear a road from the 
settlement of New Gloucester into the township where they lay out the lots, and 
build a log house for the benefit of the settlers." December 28 it was voted 
to pay the committee (Little and others) XlOO, old tenor, for building the 
house and clearing the road from the mill in New Gloucester up to the 
house ; also to build a bridge over Little Androscoggin river, and to prosecute 
any person or persons that shall trespass upon their township. 1768, March 
21, voted to build a saw-mill for the settlers, to give " a number not exceeding 



Town of Poland. 719 



te 1 that should build a house 20 feet long and 18 feet broad on the town and 
fij;ish it for the reception of a family within eight months, and live in the 
S},me, ten dollars for their encouragement." A reward was voted to Nathanael 
Layley and John Nevens (he was axeman of the first surveying party, 
f ccording to tradition cut the first tree felled, and was a resident of the town 
from 17G8 to 1832, when he died, over 100 years old) for information concern- 
ing trespassers engaged in cutting timber. 1769, January 2, committee's 
report of the laying out of the first division of lots is accepted, and their 
account of £472-3-2 O. T. (lawful money £63-7-0) allowed. April 11 a 
committee was chosen to " view a site for a saw-mill, purchase it, and have a 
mill erected upon it." Jnly 4 voted to raise £57, L. M., to bring forward the 
settlement of the new township. Lot 24 in First Division chosen as the best 
site for a mill. October 10 a committee was appointed to lay out a highway 
from New Gloucester head line to the saw-mill in Bakerstown and to agree with 
some person or persons to clear and make passable the same. James Ordway 
is granted lot 2 in the additional lots, in lieu of lot 20 in the first division 
which ''has fallen into a great swamp and will not do to settle on." He 
reports having a man at work upon the lot asked for. 

1770, August 6, Capt. Moses Little and Capt. Robert Sergent were chosen 
to build a saw-mill in the township for the proprietors in case Abel Sawyer, Jr, 
fail of building a mill by the first day of September next. This committee was 
later instructed " to view and spot out a road from New Gloucester to Gushing 
Town," etc.; the settlers were given leave to cut the grass in the meadows, 
etc.; it was voted "that if a number of men to the amount of eight will settle 
upon either of the additional lots 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 and clear five acres in 
one year from this date ; also build a house and finish the same fit for the 
reception of a family, shall have the lot settled," etc. 1771, March 15, a com- 
mittee was chosen to treat with James McHurd, Esq., about a lot of land on 
which the saw-mill is built. 1772, March 2, voted to pay Nathanael Bayley £4 
for work done on the county road in Bakerstown. July 2, action was taken 
about a bridge across the Little Androscoggin river. 1773, March 29, the 
proprietors are in debt £469-9-4 on account of Bakerstown, and have due 
them from unpaid taxes £712-1-0. October 11 inducements were offered for 
settlers : 2,500 acres to any who will cut down and clear up 30 acres a year 
yearly for four years and settle three families within two years, four families 
the third year, and three families the fourth year. Major Samuel Gerrish is 
granted land, and 169 milled dollars, on condition that he build a bridge before 
October, 1774, over Little Androscoggin river at the end of the county road in 
lot 74. 1775, March 6, voted to lay out a second division of land, of 200 
acres, to each original right or share, also took measures to build a bridge over 
the river at Mr Emery's mill. 1777, March 3, allowed John Nevens a bill of 
£44-14-6 O. T. for helping to lay out lots, clearing roads, and mending high- 



720 History of Androscoggin County. 



ways in 1767, 1768, 1770, 1775, 1776. Voted to give 60 fifty-acre lots of the 
undivided land to those proprietors already settled, and to such as shall begin 
to clear the next summer and settle a family by March 3, 1778. April 7 votod 
to lay out 46 acres to Mr Stephen Rawlings. April 9 Moses Emery and 
Thomas Bayley, of Bakerstown, were chosen surveyors of highways. 1770, 
March 1, a committee is chosen to agree with Lieut Moses Emery or som3 
other person to build a grist-mill for the benefit of the settlers. 1780, Thomas 
Bayley, Edmund Bay ley, and Moses Emery are allowed bills for services in the 
new town, and Samuel Shaw, Thomas Bayley, and Nathaniel Shaw are to see 
that the timber in the township be not cut. 1782, March 4, voted to lay out 
the undivided land, and Samuel Emerson, Simeon Bartlett, Nathan Ayer, 
Zebulon Davis chosen to do this. They were authorized to warn off all 
settlers they are satisfied have no right under the proprietors, and notices of 
warning were posted in Bakerstown and New Gloucester. 1783, March 3, a 
committee was appointed " to consider the affair of Mr Parsons and others that 
have taken up land in the town," which reported that " all the non-proprietors 
that were settled in the township on the first day of January, 1781, excepting 
Eliezer Parsons, son of Philemon Parsons, if they will peacibly and quietly 
quit all their pretended right and title to land they have laid out to themselves 
shall be allowed 50 acres each in the first division of lots that are not drawn — 
each two of them to draw (a) 100 acre lot and stand an equal share with the 
proprietors in drawing said lots, and if they will not compl}^ with this offer, as 
they came in illegally they shall not be intitled to any land in the town." 
1784, January 8, voted to pay Lieut Moses Emery $100 for building a saw-mill 
and grist-mill, and to excuse him for his neglect in not building the mill 
according to contract," etc. June 7 voted to draw the lots laid out in the 
[second] division of lots, and a committee chosen to examine into the failure 
of Lieut Moses Emery in not having his grist and saw-mills in repair, etc. The 
report of Amos Davis, who surveyed the land, gives the early settlers' names 
and other items of interest. 

As to the good land it is chietiys on the two miles iu width on the SW side I find con- 
siderable good land but much hurt by that on many good hills the large trees are but few 
it Diay be depended on that the watry pouds are nearly as laid down on the plan & I have 
measured the meadows likewise the lots that I find Settlers are as follows, viz Lot No 1 on 
the SW end taken up about 3 or four years ago by Andrew Adams & Will.'" Wells— Chitman 
is on the same lot. 

I find Chitman improving on lot No 3:4:34:35 the corner falls into his field. 

I find Joseph Varrel & Jo Harrison improving on lot No 40. 

I find Philamon Parsons improving on lot No 41. 

I find [Samuel] Jordan & John Row improving lot 42. 

I find [John] Matthews & Josiah Thomas & Allen improving lot 71. 

I find John Woster, Jackson, Ring & [Ephraim] Brigs all living and improving on lot No 70. 

I find Barnard Briggs living & improving lot G9. 

I find Gersham Home living and improving on lot No 79. 



Town of Poland. 721 



I find Simeon Homes living and improving on lot No 80. 

I find a considerable opening fell last Summer by Benj" Farnham on lots No 67:68. 

N B By computation it may be seen that there is more land than 
. was expected as you laid the same on the plan. 

N B The cause of 2 lots in 4 plases being of the same numbers because 

I found land where [water] was mark'd on the plan. 

N B this land presented here was compleated in running and bounding 

in the beginning of the year of our Lord 1783. 

1785, March 9, voted to give Lieut Moses Emery £5 in full for building the 
grist-mill. 1787, April 9, voted to build a meeting-house 30 feet long, 24 feet 
wide, and 9 feet posts. 1788, February 4, Col Josiali Little and Christopher 
Sargeant were chosen to attend the next session of the General Court to 
exhibit the boundaries of Bakerstown and show cause why the petition of 
John Bridgham and others should not be granted, and to present the plan of 
Bakerstown as surveyed by Mr Amos Davis in 1780 for acceptance and 
confirmation. 1789, November 13, line between New Gloucester and Bakers- 
town surveyed. 1790, March 15, voted to build the meeting-house 30 feet 
square and 11 feet posts. 1791, March 7, lot 67 in second division granted 
and confirmed to Deacon Edmund Bayley and his son, Abner Bayley, for 
settling the original rights of David Bartlett and Eleazer Johnson. 1793, 
March 4, Josiah Little chosen clerk and treasurer, and his account of <£74-9-5 
toward building a meeting-house in the town was allowed.' 1795, March 2, 
voted to sell all the undivided lands, and chose Josiah Little, Silas Little, and 
David Little to do this. 1796, voted to petition the General Court for 
£300-13-2 expended in defending the law suits brought by the Commonwealth 
against the proprietors. 

While the proprietors were harassed and troubled by expensive law suits to 
invalidate their title, by trespassers, etc., the settlers were in equally as bad 
straits, as is shown by this petition. 

Petition of Settlers, 1785. — To the Honorable Senate & the Honorable House of Representa- 
tives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts In General Court Assembled The Petition of a Number 
of Settlers In the Plantation called Bakerstown in the County of Cumberland — Humbly Shews That 
Whereas s^ Plantation has been Several times Taxed to said Commonwealth — Your Petitioners would 
humbly beg leave to Set forth to the Honorable Court our utter Inability to pay Said Taxes or any part 
thereof, which Inability we think Is owing In a great measure to the Neglects of the Proprietors of 
this Plantation — The principles of which are as follows (Viz) 

Firstly They have done nothing towards any Roads In s^ Plantation, except Cutting out what is 
call'd the County Road, about three miles & Built a Bridge over a River. Thus are we without Roads 
except what any Persons are pleased to do at their own Expeuce, nor will the Proprietors allow 
anything therefor 

Secondly They have done nothing towards Building a Meeting House or Settling a Minister, or 
having any Preaching In the Place. 

Thirdly We have been without the Priviledge of a Grist-mill until December A.D. 1782. In conse- 
quence of which we have been obliged to carry our Corn Ten or Twelve Miles to mill with Difficulty 
& Expence until S<i A.D. 1782. 

Fourthly They voted that every settler that came In & setled In a certain Term of Time should 
have Fifty Acres of Land —Since have warned the Settlers off that came In & setled on that promise. 

1 This was on the plains near Minot Corner and was ready for use in 1793. 



722 History of Androscoggin County. 



Fifthhi There are not more than Four or Five Proprietors that are setled In the Plantation & not 
more than Ten or Twelve that have any Security for their Land; nor would their possessions &, 
Interests Vend for enough to pay the aforesaid Taxes, nor are we In any capacity to Tax the Interest 
of the Proprietors as we have no records, nor papers relative thereunto nor can we come to the 
knowledge thereof 

Sixthly The lines of Said Plantation are not established & consequently it remains unknown how 
many Setlers are In Said Plantation, So it being very difficult if not Impossible to assess the Said 
Sellers equitably, if their capacity was ever so agreeable otherwise to pay Taxes S<i setlers have 
requested s<i Proprietors to establish lines sundry terms, but it yet remains unperformed 

Seventhhj We your Petitioners have laid before said Honourable Court a Petition for a redress 
respecting ye above premises & according to the return we have had, we find S^ Taxes laid upon us 
were Stayed for ye term of six months that we be put In a better capacity for paying Taxes, for 
which favour we give thanks — But our capacity for paying Taxes as it appears remains no better. 

Eighthly We have lately Taxes sent us to the amount of 903£-17s to be assessed upon us and officers 

appointed relative thereto — Which if we could obtain a redress of the above premises or be adjusted 

for an Incorporation & it were performed we doubt not but we should feel ourselves willing to pay any 

resonable Tax ye Honourable Court should see meet to lay upon us — And we hope through the kind 

Providence of our Good God we should be able We wovild urge the aforesaid Neglects of the Proprietors 

together with our extreme poverty & look to your Honours for direction & relief by abating the whole 

of sd Taxes or otherwise as In your Wisdom you shall think fit & as in Duty bound your Petitioners 

shall ever Pray 

Bakerstown October Ye 22<i 1785. 

(signed) Moses Emery 1 ,, 

° ^ ^ I Committee 

JosiAH Dunn ^ ^ . ■, 

„ ^ of Said 

Samuel Shaw i ^ , 
T^ . Bakerstown. 

David Andrews J 

N. B. 

The 19th of the Above mentioned October began a storm of Rain & continued until the 23''<i of 
s^ Octbr which occatioud such an Inundation of water as carried off both the Mills & all ye Bridges 
in sd Bakerstown which adds greatly to our poverty & distress. We the above Petitioners would 
humbly beg the S<J Honourable Court to send a committee to view our present Circumstances. 

Moses Emery 
JosiAH Dunn 
Samuel Shaw 
David Andrews. 

Ill 1767 a mistake was discovered in the survey and also that it conflicted 
with the Pejepscot purcliase, and in June, 1768, an order was secured for a new 
location. The troublous times before and during the Revolution prevented 
action until 1780, when Amos Davis was appointed surveyor. The survey 
began at the northerly corner of New Gloucester and run on its head line 
southwest four miles ; then northwest seven miles ; then northeast to Turner 
line; then by Turner to Androscoggin river; then down the river to Twenty- 
mile falls ; from said falls to New Gloucester line 400 rods northeast of the 
place of commencement; from thence to the corner. The plan (returned in 
February, 1781,) was submitted to a joint committee of the General Court, but 
no report appears on record and the original plan was lost. In accepting this 
survey the proprietors excluded all land not confirmed to them in October, 1765. 

BridgJiam ^ Glover Purchase. — The following contract was the cause of 
serious trouble and long litigation : — 

It is agreed between Samuel Phillips jr and others, a committee authorized by the General Court to 
sell the unappropriated lands in the Counties of Cumberland and Lincoln on the one part — and John 



Town of Poland. 723 



Bridgham of Shepherdsfield, gentleman, and John Glover of New Gloucester, yeoman, both in the 
County of Cumberland, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the other part — that the said 
committee will make and execute to the said Bridgham and Glover a good and lawful deed of a 
certain tract of land, being all the land belonging to the State lying between the towns of New 
Gloucester, Gray, Raymondton, Otisfield, Bakerstown and Shepherdsfield, upon the said Bridgham 
and Glover paying the said committee for the said land three shillings and nine-pence in consolidated 
notes of this Commonwealth, and three-pence in specie per acre for so many acres as Samuel Titcomb 
of Wells shall certify to the said committee, that the said tract contains without his making any 
allowance for ponds, bogs, or water land. And the said Bridgham and Glover engage to pay the said 
committee for the tract above-said described, at the rate above expressed, one-half at the time of receiv- 
ing the deed, and the other half within nine months from the date thereof, with interest until paid; 
which deed the said Bridgham and Glover engage to appear to receive at the office of the committee 
within one month from the time the said Titcomb shall return to the said committee a plan of the said 
land. They also engage to pay the said Titcomb and his chainmen the expenses of surveying the said 
land in the first instance the same to be credited as part payment for the land aforesaid. In witness 
whereof the parties aforesaid have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals, this 22d day of 
June, Anno Domini, 1787. 

Signed, sealed and delivered Samuel Phillips 

in presence of Nathaniel Wells 

Elijah Williams Leonard Jarvis 

James Lyon Rufus Putnam. 

N. B. It is understood that there is reserved for the future disposal of government, 100 acres of 
land, to be disposed of to each settler who settled on the tract of land aforesaid before June 1, 1784, 
and made a separate improvement thereon, on his application and payment therefor, to be laid out as 
will best include his improvement. 

Titcomb's survey covered 19,859 acres belonging to Bakerstown, as shown 
by the accepted plan of the survey of Davis, and notwithstanding the Legisla- 
ture was memorialized by the Bakerstown proprietors, a grant of 20,959 acres 
was issued January 15, 1789, to John Bridgham and (:)4 others, bounded thus: 
"Beginning at a hornbine tree standing on the south line of Turner about 2 
miles 174 rods from a place on Araariscoggin River, called the Crooked 
Ripples; thence running southwest 11 miles 260 rods to a maple tree; thence 
northwest three miles; thence northeast 10 miles and 90 rods to a hemlock 
tree ; thence south 63| ° east, to the place begun at," etc. In June, 
1790, John Bridgham, Amos Dwinal, and John Glover were authorized to com- 
mence actions against Bakerstown for possession, etc. March 5, 1792, the 
General Court directed the Attorney-General to prosecute those claiming on 
the Bridgham and Glover grant under Bakerstown, and he filed an inforuiation 
in the Supreme Judicial Court of Boston iu February, 1792, against the 
Bakerstown projjrietors. On this a scire facias was issued, commanding them 
to appear in Portland on the second Tuesday of July, 1792, ''to shew cause 
why the Commonwealth should not be re-seized of the lands." By consent of 
the parties (Commonwealth sci. fac, plffs., vs. Proprietors of Bakerstown), the 
Supreme Judicial Court in session at Portland, July 10, 1792, assigned to the 
proprietors of Bakerstown " a quantity of land equal tt) a tract seven and a 
half miles square, exclusive of 8,600 acres allowed for ponds " therein, to 



724 History of Androscoggin County. 

be included within the bounds of the original confirmation aforesaid, and 
these lines: — 

Beginning on the side line of New Gloucester, 427 rods from the north corner of the said New 
Gloucester; thence running north 330 45' 427 rods on the side line to the said north corner; thence 
running southwest, on the head line of said New Gloucester, four miles; thence running northwest 
seven miles to a bound in Thompson's Pond ; thence running northeast 438 rods to a pine tree standing 
on the shore of said pond; thence continuing the said course from the said pine tree ten miles and 209 
rods to a spruce tree, the two last lines being 12 miles and 27 rods long; thence running south (JO*^ east 
150 rods, to the corner of Turner; thence continuing the same course on the side line of said Turner 
towards Androscoggin River, until it meets the curve line hereafter mentioned; also hy a line begin- 
ning at the bound first began at, and running from thence northeast towards the Twenty-mile or Great 
Falls on Androscoggin River to the said curve line; then by a curve line, above referred to, to be 
drawn parallel to said river, and intersecting the said side line of Turner at one end, and the said line 
running, towards the said Twenty-mile Falls at the other end, and to be so far from the river as, with 
the other lines aforesaid, to include a quantity of land equal to a tract of land seven miles and a half 
square, exclusive of 8,600 acres allowed for ponds. 

Robert Southgate, Esq., was appointed commissioner and David Purrington 
surveyor to lay out the lands and run the lines. The court at Boston, in 
February, 1795, accepted Davis's survey in part and Southgate and Purring- 
ton's in part, and confirmed so that " the lines of Bakerstovvn as laid down by 
S. & P.'s plan be the true line of Bakerstown," and there being a line marked on 
the north part of their plan (as run by Davis within their line) by which about 
900 acres were cut off, the court then declares that "this line run by Davis 
shall be the north bounds of Bakerstown provideil the proprietors release all 
claim of right and interest to such lands within these bounds as were actually 
settled upon them before Davis run his line. 

In March, 1814, Josiah Little petitioned the court on behalf of the Bakers- 
town proprietors claiming compensation for " a loss of more than 2,000 acres of 
their most valuable land, given to those who were only trespassers or parole 
tenants," etc. The court appointed a committee on the claim, which reported 
" that the Supreme Judicial Court in the decision made in October, 1793, 
exceeded the authority given by the act of June 18, 1791, and the proprietors 
of Bakerstown are thereby deprived of 2,253 acres." The Commissioners of 
Land Office were then ordered to examine into the facts, and they reported 
that " the proprietors have had their land reduced 2,255 acres and 65 rods 
below what was understood by all parties at the original inquest, and that 
those having the interest should be compensated by the Commonwealth for 
said quantity of land as in a state of nature at the time when the judgment was 
rendered." The selectmen of Minot, Asaph Howard, Nicholas Noyes, and 
Charles Moody made an estimate of the lands "as they would be worth in a 
state of nature." The legislature accepted their valuation, and, in 1823, allowed 
Mr Josiah Little's claim of $22,073 on 2,453i acres. None of his expenses in 
litigation (S2,124.83) were allowed. The persons holding these lands, the lots, 
number and value of acres were : — 

Capt. Daniel Bucknam, lots 12 and 13, 135^ acres, $10 per acre; Gideon Bearce, lot 14, 20| acres, 
$12 per acre; Capt. John Bridgham & Brothers, lots 17, 18, 19, 20, and 38, 300 acres, $14 per acre; 



Town of Poland. 725 



David Rowe, lot 37, 100 acres, $8 per acre; David Millett, lot 72, 100 acres, $8 per acre; John Millett, 
lot 90, 100 acres, $9 per acre; Benjamin Clifford, lot 73, 100 acres, $9 per acre; Isaac Allen and John 
Row, lot 89, 100 acres, $7 per acre; John Coy, lot 91, 134| acres, $12 per acre; Joseph Clifford, lot 124^ 
114^ acres, f8 per acre; Elijah Hackett, 113 acres, $13 per acre; Isaac Bearce, lot 28, 25 acres, $6 per 
acre; Asa Bearce, lot 27, (50 acres, $7 per acre; Asa Lowring, lot 26, 50 acres, $5 per acre; James Hodg- 
kins, 100 acres, $15 per acre. 900 acres above Davis's line (in Hebron) were estimated at $6^ per acre. 



CHAPTER XLII. 



lucorporation — Surface and Soil — Early Settlers — Hackett's Mills — Poland Corner — 
West Poland — Early Traders, Etc. — Early Taverns — South Poland — Poland Spring — 
Mechanic Falls— Paper-Making — Poland Paper Company — Other Business Interests — 
Mechanic Falls Ledger — Physicians, Etc. 

POLAND was incorporated, the 95th town, from Bakerstown and the 
Bridgham & Glover purchase, B^ebruary 17, 1795. It is three-fourths 
surrounded by New Gloucester, Raymond, and Casco in Cumberland 
county, and Oxford in Oxford county. Minot and Auburn bound it on the 
northeast. It received its name, it is said, not from the Indian chief Poland, 
but the old hymn tune "Poland," so great a favorite with Moses Emery, the 
agent to the General Court to secure incorporation. In 1827 part of Thompson 
Pond plantation was annexed. Minot was set off in 1802, and in 1852 a small 
portion was set off to Danville. The important sections are East Poland, 
West Poland, South Poland, Poland (Corner) or the Center, Mechanic Falls. 
Uast Poland includes Marston Corner, The Empire, Minot Corner, Hackett's 
Mills, Bailey and Harris hills, etc.; South Poland^ The Range, Ricker and 
Shaker hills, etc. ; West Poland, Megquier, Johnson, Allen, and Black-cat hills, 
Herrick valley, and The Ridge or "Promised Land," etc. The Center 
embraces Poland village, White-oak hill. Pigeon hill, etc. The surface is 
diversified; in the east level and uninteresting; in the west partaking of that 
charming blending of hill, valley, and lake scenery so lovely a feature of the 
Oxford Hills, and calling up visions of the White Mountains. A dreary sand 
strip of varying width passes through the middle of the town, formerly 
covered with one of the finest white-pine growths in Maine, from which before 
the Revolution were cut many masts and spars for British men-of-war. 
Beautiful lands or "ponds" add attractions to the landscape of the western 
part. The most picturesque are the three Range ponds. Thompson's pond on 
the west border is eight miles long, two wide, and stocked with fish. Tripp 
pond is in a charming rural section, and a fine "horseback" ridge extends 
along its west shore. Quaker Bog pond is in the south, and the gem-like 
Worthley further east. Little Androscoggin river winds on the north and 



726 History of Androscoggin County. 



separates the town from Minot, and, by its unusual amount of water-power, is 
a great natural source of wealth. 

The great trail of the Indians between the Sebago Lake region and the 
lower Androscoggin passed across Bakerstown, and in aboriginal days quite a 
village probably occupied permanently the country around Thompson and 
Tripp ponds, and Poland Spring was quite a famous resort. Their places of 
sepulture have been discovered in various localities, and many weapons and 
implements have been found. 

From the first Poland has taken high rank as a farming town and many of 
the farmers have been clear-headed, intelligent, successful men. The attrac- 
tions of the town have brought into existence the model farms of N. Q. Pope 
(White Oak Farms), and James S. Sanborn (Elmwood Farm), which not only 
add to the beauty and prosperity, but are really experimental agricultural 
stations, from which the earnest farmer gathers useful information to be turned 
to account on his own domain. The Grange has a large membership and is 
doing a good work. The soil is very fertile ; an admirable quality of apples is 
raised; other fruits and crops flourish. Dairying is profitably conducted; fine 
horses and blooded stock are remunerative branches of husbandry. Many 
farm-houses have been arranged to accommodate the summer visitors that the 
charm of the scener}^, and that leader of Maine watering-places, Poland Spring 
House, attract here in annually increasing numbers. Railroad communication 
is afforded by the Grand Trunk, running along the eastern and northern side, 
with stations at Danville and Lewiston Junctions (Auburn), Empire, and 
Mechanic Falls, and by Portland & Rumford Falls Railroad at Mechanic Falls. 

Early Settlers. — Nathaniel Bailey was the first settler. He came to 
The Empire in 1768. John Newman came in 1769. (A daughter of his is said 
to be the first child born in town.) Moses Emery with his wife and infant 
child came from Newbury, Mass., in 1769, and located at The Empire. In the 
summer he built a log-house a few rods east of the bridge at Hackett's Mills 
and lived there for some years, when he removed to the falls where has grown 
the village of Minot Corner. He was, by seven years, the earliest of the 
settlers of the town north of the river, but was a man vvell adapted for the 
wild and hazardous life of a pioneer; loved to hunt the animals that fre- 
quented the wilderness, and made boon friends of the few Indians who still 
kept their home in the vicinity. Moose, bear, and deer abounded, and many 
were the adventures of this hardy man. He moved acros^s the river in 1772, 
and built saw and grist mills at Minot Corner about 1776, which were carried 
off by high water and soon rebuilt. He was an active, energetic man, just 
the one to advance a new settlement, kept a ferry across the river until the 
bridge was built, and was agent for the settlers to the General Court to secure 
the incorporation of the town of Poland. He died April 28, 1836, aged 92. His 
son, Moses, born September 20, 1772, received a grant of 50 acres of land from 



Town of Poland. 727 



the proprietors in consideration of his being the first white male child born 
in their township. He died in Auburn, November 4, 1861. Hon. Stephen 
Emery, was son of Moses Emery, and the first native of the town to receive a 
liberal education. He filled many positions with ability, was state attorney- 
general in 18B9, and died in Auburn, November 18, 186-3, aged 73. Daniel Lane 
was an early settler. During the seventies and eighties there were many new- 
comers; among them we find the names of Bray, Willcome, Safford, Hawkes, 
Bucknam, Dwinal, Shaw, Vareal (Veriill),etc. The first settler on Ricker hill 
was John Wooster, wdio built the first dwelling-house in 1779. About 1782 
Philemon Parsons, Samuel Jordan, John Rowe, John Mathews, Josiah Holmes, 
Eliphas Ring, Barnebas Briggs, Ephraim Briggs, William Berry, Daniel Parsons, 
Nathaniel Maxwell, James Merrill, and Benjamin Cliipman resided here. The 
last five were near Raymond. In 1793 Jabez Ricker, then residing at Alfred, 
Me, exchanged lands with the Poland Shakers, and with his sons, Samuel, 
Wentworth, and Joseph, moved to the Range. Joseph Ricker was the first 
blacksmith in the town, and Wentworth Ricker opened the first public house, 
in 1797, now the Mansion Honse at South Poland. [For settlers in 1783 see 
page 720.] Between 1768 and 1795, Josiah Dunn ^ (died about 1825, aged 93), 
David Pulsifer and sons. Captain Davis, John Rollins, Captain Farrington, 
Henry Bray, Benjamin Coombs, and a Mr Woodward made settlements in East 
Poland, cleared farms, erected buildings, and this section became one of the 
most fertile and productive in the town. David Pulsifer came with his wife, 
Hannah, and family in 1790, and made his home on Elmwood farm, owned by 
James S. Sanborn since 1886. David Pulsifer, son of Jonathan Pulsifer, was 
born in Essex, Mass., about 1730. His children were : Jonathan, Ephraim, 
David, Samuel, Solomon, Sally (Mrs Dunn), Hannah (Mrs Knowlton). All 
settled in Poland; their descendants are respected citizens. David and Hannah 
Pulsifer lived over a century. Hon. John R. Pulsifer, who occupied the home- 
stead until his death, was the largest farmer and one of the prominent men of the 

^ Hon. Josiah Dunn, his son, was born September 8, 1779, and died February 3, 1843. As his father 
was disabled, the care of the family fell upon him from the age of 14. He married before he was of 
age, and in a few years was a farmer, lumberman, real estate dealer, and a man of great activity. He 
sometimes would cut down the trees and make a wagon load of shingles in a day. In 1804 he erected 
a saw-mill on Worthley Brook, and later built a saw-mill and a fulling and carding mill at Minot 
Corner. He purchased this privilege in 1820. He was representative in 1803, and was most of the time 
in that oflSce until 1820; he was deputy-sheriff, and seven years high sheriff of Cumberland county; 
representative to the Maine legislature many years; senator for some terms, and was one of the 
Executive Council of Gov. Parris. He married Sally, daughter of " Father " Barns. Children: Mary S. 
m. Dr Moses R. Pulsifer, Reuben B., Josiah, Elvira m. Rev. Alvan Dinsmore, Thomas B., Rachel 
m. Horatio G. Bridgham, Joseph E. F., Martha m. 1st a Willard, 2d Amasa Crafts, Rosina, Sebastian 
S., Sally B., Lucy A. m. Rev. N. C. Clifford. Charles Wesley Dujin, son of James and Ruth H. 
(Strout) Dunn, was born in Poland. He married Sarah Amelia Pendexter, of New Hampshire. [For 
Pendexter family, see History of Carroll County, N. H.] Mr Dunn has been a prosperous farmer for 
25 years. His farm, " Pleasant View," is beautifully situated at East Poland. He is a Republican 
in politics, a Methodist in his religious preferences, and is a member of the U. O. G. C. Mr Dunn 
furnished a three-years' substitute for the Union Army in the Civil War. 



728 History of Androscoggin County. 



town. D. W. Pulsifer is a prosperous farmer, resides at East Poland, and is a 
member of Excelsior Grange, P. of H. The first house at Hackett's Mills was 
built by Moses Emery, Jr. From 1785 to 1790 many located at Marston's 
Corner; among them were : Nathaniel Nason, Thomas Frank, Robert Starbird, 
Aaron Bray, Samuel Bailey, Jonathan Emerson, Benjamin Coombs, and David 
Libby. Mr Emerson was a large land owner. 

In 1792 Captain George Waterhouse, a Revolutionary soldier, emigrated 
here from New Hampshire, and Samuel Lane and Deacon Brown soon made 
homes on Waterhouse hill. Tradition says the first settlement at West Poland 
was made by Edmund C. Megquier in 1790, on Megquier hill, at the William 
Jordan farm. He married Sally Merrill in 1791. William and Mark Emery 
soon came; William to the place now occupied by Alpheus D. Keene ; Mark 
settled on the farm owned by his grandson, Anthony B. Emery. They moved 
their families in March, 1796. Asa Loring settled on the lot now owned by 
Orin S. Keene; Percy Loring on the place now occupied by Leonard Foster. 
Richard Tripp settled south of Tripp's pond, Joseph Hall east of Tripp's pond. 
John Fernald was a very early settler at the foot of Megquier hill. Joshua 
Strout was an earl}^ settler of The Empire. He came from Portland. Among 
his cliildren were Jacob, Jonas W., Nehemiah, Joshua, Sarah. Of Nehemiah's 
children were Nehemiah, Jr, Joseph, Deborah. . Charles SJierhnrn Strout, 
son of Jonas Weston Strout, and grandson of Nehemiah Strout, was born in 
East Poland, October 16, 1855. The family have been Methodists since Rev. 
Jesse Lee preached at the house of Nehemiah Strout in 1793. Mr Strout is a 
trustee and steward of that church. He married Emma L. Collins, of Mexico. 
He has a farm of 100 acres, a fine orchard, keeps about 100 hens and 12 cows, 
and does a prosperous milk business. Mr Strout is a Democrat, and was the 
only acting postmaster of Worthley P. O. He is a member of the U. O. G. C, 
and of Excelsior Grange of East Poland. 

John Wooster, the first inhabitant of Ricker's hill, in 1779, very soon 
moved to Johnson hill. Samuel Jordan cut the first tree at South Poland on 
the Dockum farm. His sons, Samuel and Josiah, erected many buildings, and 
took active part in town affairs. Samuel, Jr, married Isabella Stinchfield, of 
New Gloucester. Robert Snell, an early settler here, came from Hebron. 
Thompson Pond plantation was owned by Captain Jesse Partridge, of Port- 
land, who gave a lot to each of his four brothers. David and Joseph Partridge 
settled on the place now owned by Edward Hanscom. David, brother of 
Captain Jesse, and David, son of Jesse (David senior and David junior), came 
in 1798 from Saccarappa. They built a rude camp. After clearing and 
planting in 1799, David built a log house, and in January, 1800, David, Jr, 
brought his family. Next came Joseph Partridge, Joseph Jeremy, and William 
Johnson from Gorham; Moses Hodgdon from Windham. Curtis Walker came 
to his claim and General Smith to the Captain Waite place and made potash 



Town of Poland. 729 



at Potash brook. About 1820 William and Charles Brooks came from Pigeon 
hill to the Ridge and felled an opening in the Promised Land, but, seeing no 
chance of title, they abandoned it. About 1830 John and Daniel, sons of 
Israel Herrick, occupied it for a time. The first house was built by Simeon 
Denning, who left for want of a title. Reuben Blair about 1835 built a log 
house on the spot now occupied by his grandsons, L. C. and F. M. Blair. Next 
came John Emery, soon followed b}^ William M. Perkins, William E. Lunt, 
and Jasper Haskell ; and then came Joseph Emery and Sprague Keene, 2d. 
The Ridge is now one of the finest farming sections. The first settler on Black- 
cat hill was Luke Staples. He was followed by Jacob Barton, Benjamin 
Bailey, William Knight, and one Cox, who manufactured hair combs. The 
first settlement in Herrick Valley was by Aaron and Josiah Dunn. They were 
followed by John Herrick, from Minot, in November, 1823, accompanied by 
his sons, Moses and Azar, who settled on the same lot. Israel Herrick came 
from Greenwood in 1825 with six sons and one daughter, all of whom married 
and settled in the vicinity. Allen hill was first settled by James Walker and 
Isaac Knight. The land was owned by Edmund Megquier and his sons. 
Moses Megquier, Joseph Allen, and Ezra Fickett afterward settled here. The 
south slope was purchased by Nathaniel Schellinger, whose descendants live 
there. One Rand settled here early. 

The first settlers on Pigeon hill were Jabez True and Captain Day, of 
New Gloucester, who made the first opening on the farm now owned by A. C. 
Denison, where his buildings stand. Until 1783 they were the only people 
that cleared much on the hill, but about 1790 a number came from The Empire 
and New Gloucester and took up farms, and soon came the Dennings, Davis, 
Strout, Marble, Captain Ripley, and Dr Peter Brooks. Captain Ripley, from J 
Plympton, Mass., took the lot above the Trues, and built a house on the farm 
now owned by S. N. Haskell. Captain Ripley sold to Alden Chandler in 1802 
or 1803. Jacob Strout came from The Empire and cleared land and built at 
log house on the lot that Captain Ripley had taken up. His house was on the 
east corner of the lot. His wife was Sally Bray. Their children were Sally, 
Joshua, Nabby, Jacob, Joseph, Nathaniel, Cyrena, Hobart, Adoniram, Cynthia, 
and William. Mr Strout was a kind and good neighbor. Eben Marble came from 
Marblehead in 1790, and bought the farm west of the Ripley farm, now owned 
in part by Frank D. True. He built a house east of where Hackett's house 
now stands, and the farm was owned by some of the name until 1859 or 1860. 
He married Sarah Cash in 1790. Their children were Eben, Jr, Daniel C, David, 
Sally, Oliver, Lucinda, Benjamin, Lovica, Samuel F. Eben Marble lived on 
the hill until 1812; he enlisted and died in service. George Denning came 
to the hill with his brother, Simeon, in 1791 or 1792. He died on the hill in 
1833. In 1791 he married a Rollins, of New Gloucester. Their children were 
Samuel, Stephen, Hannah, Ruth, Bathsheba, George, Job, Moses, Rhoda, James, 



730 History of Andkoscoggin County. 

and Jacob. George Denning, Jr, first cleared land and built a log house on 
the hill lot and lived there a number of years. He then bought the lot next 
west; his buildings were on the corner near J. K. Denning's. He died in 1883. 
His farm is now owned by his grandson, J. K. Denning. Simeon Denning 
married Rebecca Chickering, of Hebron. Their children were Simeon, Peter, 
Frederic, John, Levi, Lyford, Elena, Rebecca, Lydia, Joseph, Lois, Otis. Simeon 
Denning cleared on the same lot as his brother, George, near the east corner. 
He lived there two or three years, and bought the place now owned by E. A. 
Faunce. He lived on this farm until about 1830. 

Jabez True was born in New Gloucester, in 1771 ; married Hannah 
Jackson, of Poland, in 1796. In 1796 he purchased the west half of the Eben 
Marble lot, and built a small house near where the old True house stands. 
Their children were Sally, Jabez, John, Elizabeth, Hannah, Moses, Rochsyllania, 
Miriam, Abigail, Otis, Rebecca, Daniel W.^ Jabez True and his wife died in 
1841. Jabez, Jr, was United States paymaster in 1862 and 1863, John, 
the second son, was in trade in Portland with his brother, under the firm 
name of J. & D. W. True. Jabez True was one of the independent farmers 
of the town. The house now standing on the farm was built by him in 
1802. Dr Peter Brooks, an Indian doctor, came, as early as 1792, from 
Plympton, Mass., and purchased 25 acres on the west side of the Ripley lot, 
and his farm is now included in the farm of Andrew Russell. Dr Brooks 
built the first framed house on the hill, opposite Mr Russell's house. He 
resided there till his death in 1807 or 1808, when the farm was purchased by 
Seth B. Hilborn. Dr Brooks married Betsey Bryant. Their children were 
Lucinda, William, Charles, and Betsey. John Cousens came from Wells in 
1795 or 1796, and purchased the farm now owned by Hon. A. C. Denison. He 
larried, first, Lucy Hatch, of Kennebunk. He married, second, Sarah 
Jushman, of Hebron. Their children were Samuel, William, Sarah, Eliza C, 
iUcy, Thomas, Susan C, Abigail D., Humphrey, Mary J., Adeline, Harriet N., 
lacob T., James D. Captain Samuel lived to be 85. William was a prominent 
[tizen, and for years was the principal trader. He died in 1869. John 
)usens, Esq., died in 1841. He accumulated a large property. Alden 
landler came in 1800 from Plympton, Mass., and purchased the farm now 
olvned by S. N. Haskell. He married Priscilla Cushman, of Hebron, in 1805. 
iheir children were Priscilla, Harvey, Alvin, Josiah, Lydia, Christania, Benja- 
min F., Gains, Jacob, Rachel T. Alden Chandler married, second, Hepzibah 
Cooledge, of Livermore. Samuel Denning, a Revolutionary soldier, and wife 

1 Daniel W. True was born in Poland, August 20, 1821, and died September 16, 1888. In 1855 he 
became a member of the firm of J. & I). W. True, wholesale grocers in Portland. He was a man of 
great business capacity, amassed wealth, held various civil and financial positions of importance, and 
always kept his love for the old Poland home and the town. He married, in 1847, Mary F. Milliken. 
Their only son, Frank D., succeeds to his father's interest in the Portland firm, which still is 
conducted as D. W. True & Co., and is a director of the Poland Paper Co. 



Town of Poland. 731 



came from Salem, Mass., to Poland Empire, about 1770, and settled on the 
farm now occupied by Moses McKnight. They had two sons, George and 
Simeon, and three daughters. Sarah married Thomas Moore, of Paris; Hannah 
married Reuben Chandler, of Minot ; Mary married Alexander Campbell, of 
Minot. Mr Denning died in 1798. Nathaniel Bray moved to the hill from 
The Empire in 1818. In 1817 he married Deborah Keene. Their children 
were Mary, Xoa, Stephen, James, and Eliphalet. Mr Bray died in 1857. 
Stephen Bray served in the Union Army nine months in 1863, and nine months 
in 1865, and is a member of A. A. Dwinal Post, G. A. R. He married Mrs 
May (Titcomb) Merrill, of Cumberland, and has one son, Augustus. Augustus 
married Lizzie Stoddard, of East Weymouth, Mass., whose great-grandfather, 
Thomas Penney, was an early settler of New Gloucester. Both are Democrats 
in politics, and Augustus was a charter member of Osceola Tribe of Red Men. 
The Bray farm is on the West Poland road. It has 95 acres, and a prolific 
orchard of eight acres. Over 40 tons of hay are cut yearly, and 20 cows are 
kept. The milk is sold in Portland. In 1888 S. Bray & Son built a steam 
grist-mill of 15 horse-power at the railroad junction in Mechanic Falls. The 
mill is equipped with improved machinery. Daniel Bray moved to the hill in 
1820 from The Empire, and built a house near Nathaniel. He married Xoa 
Keene. Their children were George W., Sullivan A., Emeline, Daniel J., and 
Jefferson. Daniel Bray died in 1860. 

Harris Hill. — Daniel Waterman came to New Gloucester from Halifax, 
Mass., and married Abigail True, November 7, 1793. They first settled in 
Minot on Pottle hill, where their first child, Jabez, was born, July 28, 1794. 
Mr Waterman afterwards located on Harris hill. He had a large family. 
Jabez married Rebecca Downing and engaged in lumbering for many years. 
He died April 2, 1877. Abigail married Barnabas Hackett; Daniel married 
Anna Harris; Hannah died unmarried; Benjamin married Irene Emery; Anna 
married John Bailey; Henry died in infancy; Rebecca T. married Nathaniel 
Pulsifer; Sally died in infancy; Sarah T. died when 18; Ruby N. married 
Benjamin Dunn, and Charles F. died unmarried. Mr Waterman died in 1845. 
He was for years deacon of the First Congregational Church. Mr Waterman 
was followed by William and David Harris, William settling on the place now 
owned by M. E. Grover, and David near Bailey Mill on the place now owned 
by George Rowe. John Waterman, brother of Daniel, settled on Harris hill. 
Of his sons, Tilson was for years a trial justice of ability. Daniel Water- 
man, Jr, was for many years a prominent man. He was a pensioner of the 
War of 1812, enlisting at the age of 16. He was born May 24, 1797; died 
December 16, 1882. W. W. Waterman, his son, is an enterprising and public 
spirited citizen. Horace James Brown, one of the industrious, progressive, and 
successful farmers of this section, is a native of Raymond, and a son of Elison 
and Lucinda Brown, and a descendant of Daniel Brown and Daniel Chipman, 



732 History of Androscoggin County. 

early settlers of Raymond. He married Mary E. Schellinger, a descendant of 
William Schellinger, one of the early settlers of Poland. In 1872, Mr Brown 
bought the Daniel Atwood farm on Harris hill, settled by Samuel Atwood 
from New Gloucester in 1810; this farm is pleasantly located, contains 80 
acres, 35 of which are tillable. By his diligence and proper cultivation of this 
land Mr Brown has increased its fertility fourfold, and now keeps 4 horses, 18 
cows, 1 pair oxen, and has a surplus of 6 tons of hay, where at first he could 
only winter 4 cows and 3 horses. Virgil D. Waterhouse is a leading farmer. 

Bailey HUJ was settled by Thomas Bailey in 1794. Mr Bailey first came 
to Nason's Mills, Auburn; he afterward settled on the place now occupied by 
Sylvanus Bailey, which has remained in the family. He had four sons, 
Thomas, Josiah, Levi, and John, who settled near the old homestead. Mr 
Bailey was followed by Robert Waterman, on the Zenas Lane place near 
Hackett's Mills. He owned the saw-mill at Poland Corner. These two hills 
constitute one neighborhood. The soil is deep, rich, and productive, except the 
easterly slope, where it is sandy. The inhabitants are thrifty and industrious. 
Many of them keep large herds of cows, and send their milk to Portland. 
The breeding of fancy stock and poultry has received much attention. 

The Shakers felled the first trees on White Oak hill, but the first settler was 
Jonathan Fickettin 1797, who built a log house on land owned by David Water- 
house. The next settler was Paul Stanton, from Barrington, N. IL. settling on 
the farm of N. Q. Pope. He was a soldier of the Revolution. He had four 
sons, John, Paul, Benjamin, and William, who settled in that vicinity. They 
were all worthy and highly respected citizens, and occupied the self-same spot 
until their decease. The land has been in the family name until the south lot 
was sold to F. J. Strout, and the remainder was sold to N. Q. Pope. Hannah 
Stanton married Benjamin Haskell. Betsey married William Estes. Mr 
Stanton was followed by Ricliard Garland, Isaac Hayes, and others, on the 
northern part of the hill, while the southern part was settled by Daniel 
and Porter Putnam, Edward Parsons, and Lazarus Rand. The Putnams sold 
to William Haskell and William Pierce, and Mr Crosby. A tiny church, a 
school-house, and two or three dwelling-houses on the very summit constitute 
the most thickly settled portion of the liill. On all sides lie broad, green 
fields, with here and there a cozy-looking farm-house. Several of the original 
farms now form part of the fine stock farm of N. Q. Pope. 

Mills. — [For water-powers see pages 48 and 44.] As early as 1770, Moses 
Emery built mills on the south side of the Little Androscoggin at Minot 
Corner and established a ferry. 

HachetfH Mills. — Moses Emery, Jr, built the first mills here and operated 
them for several years. He was succeeded by Daniel Waterman, he hy William 
Harris, James and Barnabas Hackett, and other Hacketts. Levi Hackett ran 
the saw-mill for more than 40 years. The leather-board mill of the Mousam 



Town of Poland. 733 



3fanvfacfu)-in(/ Co. was moved here from Oxford in 1884. It employs over 30 
men, is owned by Emery Andrews of Kennebunkport, and is under the super- 
vision of W. W. Dennen. Mr Dennen has a handsome residence on the site 
of the first house built by Moses Emery, Jr. He is a native of Oxford, 
commenced work here in 1870, and has been agent since 1876. He is a 
Republican, an Odd Fellow, a Knight of Pythias, a Patron of Husbandry, and 
a Methodist. He has been representative. 

Poland Corner. — In 1792 Capt. George Waterhouse built a mill at the 
outlet of Range pond ; this was sold to Robert Waterman, and soon carried 
away in a freshet. Jacob Rowe later owned it. A grist-mill was built by 
Michael Little and sold to Isaac Barton. In 1874 this privilege was sold to A. 
C. Denison & Co., and the water was held in reserve for Mechanic Falls. In 
1870 a steam-mill was built by John S. Briggs for a stave-mill, and large 
quantities of shook were manufactured. In 1875 Mr Briggs put in saw, shingle, 
clapboard mills and a planing machine. In 1877, two years later, he put in a 
grist-mill, grinding all kinds of grain. The power is given by a 12.5-horse- 
power engine. In 1884 Mr Briggs made additions to his mill for the butter 
factory of Poland Dairy Association, of which he is president, and for which 
he furnishes steam and power. ^In 1888 he put in a threshing machine. Mr 
Briggs is a native of Poland, son of Cyrus and Ruth P. (Sanders) Briggs. He 
is a Universalist, a Democrat, was representative in 1883, is agent for several 
large manufacturing firms, and does a large business in the sale of agricultural 
implements, fertilizers, etc. He is also proprietor of Poland Highland Spring 
on one of the highest hills of the town. This water has wonderful curative 
properties, and has kept sweet and pure for a year in Cuba. 

Poland Dairying Association makes an average of 300 pounds of "gilt- 
edge " butter daily, which brings large prices. It supplies Poland Spring 
House, and sells in Boston and Portland. 

The lodge of Good Templars here has done good work. Mr Briggs and 
Charles Rowe are the traders. The village attracts summer visitors yearly. 

West Poland. — The first blacksmith was Jonathan Holmes. His shop 
stood near the residence of Edwin Emery. He was followed b}^ Moses 
Megquier, who carried on the trade until about 1864. In 1822 Reuben B. 
Dunn kept a store where the mills road intersects the main road. Hiram 
Hilborn had a blacksmith shop near here; Joseph Perkins had a pottery where 
J. A. Russell lives. Hira Keene had long ago a small shingle-mill operated by 
Potash brook during the spring floods. The " 19 foot " fall on Taylor brook 
was occupied in 1834 by a small mill with an " overshot " wheel built by 
Solomon Knight and later run by Daniel and David Brown. Jesse Partridge 
built the one now standing in 1861. He sold to O. S. & S. H. Taylor, and 
they to S. H. Dudley. In 1891 the place was quite a hive of industry. Fer- 
nald & Keene Bros's corn-packing (Poland Packing Co.) enterprise was begun 



734 History of Androscoggin County. 

ill' 1888. It is a model establishment and distributes much money to the 
farmers. Stover Bros's carriage factory was built in 1871. Other industries 
prosper. G. O. Goodwin & Co. have a general store, and deal extensively in 
lumber, etc. Silas A. Megquier has been in trade since 1867. H. A. Gerry 
has kept a jewelry store for 10 years. Several temperance organizations have 
existed here, a cornet band is maintained, and Lake Grange (see page 291) is 
flourishing. The pure air and water, with lovely scenery, have attracted many 
visitors, and O. S. Keene's pleasant home offers a good summer resting place. 
B. M. Fernald, Moses Archibald, and Ronello Herrick are leading farmers. 

Early Traders^ Etc. — William Cousens was one of the early traders. In 
1847 Thomas Lane was in company with him. They also manufactured 
potash and barrels. Jefferson Dunbar, R. B. Dunn, Freeland Marble, James 
Dunn, and others were in trade here for some time. The first store at West 
Poland was kept by Eben Smith near Potash brook. [George and Daniel 
Lovering had an "ashery" here and made potash.] Smith was succeeded by 
Captain Hodgdon, who built a store between West Poland and the Corner. 
Eliphalet Dunn built a store near Herrick Valley, where he traded several 
years. He died in 1832. Soon after, Jasper Haskell built a store at the lower 
corner. He was succeeded by Francis Rounds for several years, and he by 
Captain Joseph York. After him came J. H. Fernald, who had James S. 
Gerry and Daniel Hutchinson for partners for a time. This was about 1848. 
Since that time various parties have been engaged in trade, among them C. F. 
Jordan, Jesse Partridge, Capt. William Perkins, Francis Storer, and O. S. 
Keene. 

East Poland. — At Empire Station is the store and steam-mill of Bailey 
Bros. This store was built by Gilraan Martin about 1849. The present 
proprietors erected the mill in 1884. This is furnished with a 16-horse-power 
engine, and, in addition they have an extensive manufactory of barrels. The 
Mousam Manufacturing Co. is spoken of elsewhere. Excelsior Grange is well 
supported. [See page 290.] Among the representative farmers are Chas W., 
L. D. and B. F. Cobb, Waterhouse Bros, and D. W. Pulsifer. 

During the War of 1812 a minimum company was raised for service by 
Capt. Robert Snell, a soldier of the Revolution. This company served in the 
Lake Champlain campaign. 

Early Taveriu. — Captain George Waterhouse, who came in 1792, built a 
tavern on the Isaac Barton place. James Hackett kept a hotel and store at 
the Corner many years. He was succeeded by Josiali Jordan, he by Simeon 
Lane, and he by James Dunn. Mr Edgecoinb was the next proprietor and he 
sold out to George Bridgham, who was a trader at Poland Corner in 1841. 
Dennis Hayes also built a hotel, wliich he sold to S. M. Marble. Josiah Jordan 
kept it as a temperance hotel from 1830 to 1844. The "Square House," one 
of the first framed buildings in town, was kept as a tavern for several years 



Town of Poland. 735 



This was between the Shaker villages, near the New Gloucester line. In 1797 
Wentworth Ricker opened a public house at South Poland. In 1800 Daniel 
Jackson opened a public house near the foot of Range pond. 

South Poland. — This place so blessed by Nature is now of world-extended 
fame. The healing waters from Poland Spring have relieved many apparently 
hopeless cases of disease in nearly all countries under the sun, and its reputa- 
tion has gone throughout all the earth. From the magic virtues of the water, 
the loveliness of the scenery, and the purity of the air at its elevation of over 
800 feet above the sea, has been developed one of the wonders of modern 
time, a second Saratoga, where beauty, wealth, and fashion fill the halls and 
grounds of the palatial Poland Spring House during the charming summer 
season. Year by year the throng is larger; year by year the capacity of the 
immense hotels is more and more inadequate to accommodate the guests, 
and additions and extensions (colossal buildings in themselves) are erected to 
provide room for the ever-increasing demand. Here has grown up in 40 years, 
from a small country inn, as a result of the merits of Poland Spring water and 
the acumen and business ability of the Ricker family,^ one of the leading 
watering places of this land of famous summer resorts and hotels. In 1793 
Eliphas Ring (the former owner of the Ricker farm, who, in joining the 
Shakers, had placed his property in the "common stock,") and the other Shakers 
exchanged their property for lands in Alfred, Jabez Ricker, of that town, 
becoming owner of tlie Poland lands, and with his sons, Samuel, Wentworth, 
and Joseph, moved here. Joseph Ricker was the first blacksmith of the town, 
and in 1797 Wentworth Ivicker opened the first public house, now succeeded 
by the Mansion House. Wentworth Ricker died in 1837, his son, Hiram, 
succeeded him until 1872, and his sons are proprietors, 95 years after the 
opening of the house. It is doubtful if there is another instance in New 
England of so long a career of hotel-keeping in one family. The Mansion 
House., remodelled and refitted, is a thoroughly modern hotel. The Poland 
Spring House was built in 1876, changed and enlarged in 1881, 1884, 1887, 
1889, and to its gigantic proportions large additions are now in progress. The 

1 The Rickers of the United States sjirang from George and Maturin Ricker from the Isle of Jersey 
George was brought to this country, in 1640, by a minister (Rev. Jolin Reyner). After repaying liis passage 
money, George in a few years earned enough to bring his younger brother, Maturin. They married, 
had large families, built garrison houses at Dover Point, N. H., and both were killed by Indians. The 
Poland Rickers are of the Maturin branch. Maturin had a son Joseph, the father of Jabez, who was 
born 1742, and when 19 married a daugliter of Deacon Samuel Wentworth of Berwick, Maine. They 
settled in Berwick, then in Sanford or Alfred, and in 1793 came to Poland. They had four sons and 
six daughters. They settled with tlieir son, Wentworth, on the place upon which the famous spring is 
located; the sons, Samuel and Joseph, settling on adjoining farms. Josepli made all the nails used 
in the original Mansion House, in 179(i. They moved into this house in the spring of 1797, and it was 
opened as a public house by Wentworth Ricker, the sign bearing only his name. Wentworth married 
Mary Pottle. Children: Mary, Wentworth, Soplironia, Hiram, and Albert. Hiram Ricker, born Nov- 
ember 17, 1809, married Jeannette W., daughter of General Alvin Bolster, of Rumford. Children: 
Edward P., Alvin B., Cynthia E., Hiram W., Sarah L., and Jeannette M. Mrs Ricker died in 1883. 



736 History of Androscoggin County. 



high altitude, the excellent drives and walks, the extensive and beautiful 
groves, the charming prospects, all add to the attractions of this lovely spot, 
and it is no wonder over $1,000,000 are now invested in this headquarters of 
summer tourists. The three sons of Hiram Ricker conduct the massive 
establishment as Hiram Ricker & Sons. E. P. Ricker, the manager, is one of 
the leading business men of the country. Poland Sprin(/. — Range hill, formerly 
Ricker hill, is an elevation of gneiss belonging to the Laurentian divisions of 
azoic rock [see page 22], and with its mingling of porphyry and granite repre- 
sents the primal rock of the beginning of the continent. From a fissure in the 
bed of original gneiss, filled with an intrusion of this porphyritic rock, boils up 
from an unknown depth the pure and healing waters of Poland Spring. The 
aborigines knew of their virtues. Indian relics bespeaking different eras and 
different tribes have been found in proximity to the spring. The merits of this 
boon to humanity were discovered by Hiram Ricker in 1844, when by the use 
of the water he was cured of dyspepsia. In 1827 Wentworth Ricker had been 
cured of gravel while drinking freely of this spring, but never dreamed of the 
water being the curative agent. Even so far back as 1800, Joseph Ricker, 
while lying "hopelessly," as the physicians said, ill of a fever, was given water 
from this spring, and in a night his fever vanished, and " he lived 52 years 
afterwards." In 1859 other cures attracted attention, Dr E. Clark prescribed 
it with wonderful success in kidney diseases, and from that time its efficacy 
has been proven in thousands of cases. Its consumption is now nearly 400,000 
gallons annually, double that of all the springs of Saratoga. The first barrel- 
ing and bottling house was built in 1877, and now one of the largest and best- 
equipped establishments of the kind in America is in operation. Poland water 
is powerfully diuretic, mildly cathartic, tonic and restorative ; is a most efficient 
remedy in dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, stone, gravel, and all diseases of uric 
acid origin, Bright's disease, diabetes, etc., while as a table water it is unsur- 
passed. The spring is owned by Hiram Ricker & Sons. 

The Shakers early introduced improved agriculture here, and the intelligent 
farmers were quick to follow their examples. Among the farmers of this part 
are A. G. Thurlow, J. I. Chipman, F. B. Shackford, and Charles G. Morrill. 

Mechanics Falls,i one of the loveliest and busiest of Maine's villages, is 
blessed not only with fine water privilege but with the best of rail connection. 
On the direct route of a great railroad line, and on the exact path of the trend 
of that line's traffic from the west to the seaboard, it is blessed with shipping 
facilities that cannot be secured in many other sections of the state. Since 
the Grand Trunk Railway pushed its great thoroughfare of travel, in 1848, 
directly through the heart of this village, its growth has been constant and 
steady, and cannot but help being so as long as the present live, earnest 
business men, or others like them, wield a controlling interest in the affairs. 

iSee history of Mechanic Falls in Minot history. 



Town of Poland. 737 



The river as well as the railroad has been a great stimulator of growth for 
the town, and the rich soil and unsurpassed mercantile and manufacturing 
privileges have together worked in harmony to produce continuous and rapid 
expansion of business interests. These interests are paper manufacturing, corn 
packing, shoe-shops, machine-shops, brick-yards, manufacture of steam engines 
and boilers, carriage building, novelty turning, tool works, canned-goods 
establishments, clothing making, besides other lines of work. They disburse 
monthly and weekly large sums of money to the inhabitants, and are sources 
of great prosperity. They are the nucleus around which the life and enter- 
prise of the village center. These industries are constantly stretching out 
their arms in inducement for other business enterprises to locate in the village, 
and in this attempt they are ably seconded (and many times led) by the 
citizens. The fine water-power is of a character to admit of large develop- 
ment beyond the present utilization, and this fact gives reason for an 
increase of manufacturing. The Poland side is incorporated, the charter being 
adopted February 29, 1891, by 140 votes in favor to 55 against. The village 
officers elected were : A. E. True, C. L. Hackett, S. I. Jewett, assessors ; A. W. 
Butler, clerk; D. B. Waterhouse, collector; James Stanton, treasurer; E. W. 
Jordan, Fred C. Chaplain, fire wardens. 

Paper-Making. — The first paper-making here was done by Ebenezer 
Drake and Ezra Mitchell, in their mill built in 1851 on the Minot side. Oliver 
B. Dwinal soon bought Mitchell's interest, and, with W. C. Dwinal, formed the 
firm of Drake, Dwinal & Co., which was sold to A. C. Denison & Co. in 1865. 
In 1851 Adna C. Denison & Co. (E. W. Fyler) bought one-half of the privilege 
at Upper Dam of Messrs Perkins, Dunham, Moore, and Waterhouse, and 
commenced Eagle mill, the first paper mill in Poland. This mill cost 'f45,000 
and made a ton of paper of fine quality from rag pulp in 24 hours. In October, 
1862, A. T. Denison bought out Fyler, and in 1863 machinery costing $65,000 
was added to prepare and use straw stock. An enormous increase in product 
was made of this cheap paper, which was largely used by the Boston Herald, 
and soon the land and privilege at Lower Dam was bought, a dam and Star 
mill built (completed in 1865). In 1865, also, a new mill was built on the 
site of the Drake, Dwinal & Co. mill, and started up January 1, 1866. The 
"waste " made at the Lewiston cotton mills was here made into paper. In 1866 
the Poland pulp-mill on Lower Dam, and the stone dam and flumes on Upper 
Dam, were built; the mills and privilege at Range pond, "with right of flowage, 
were purchased, and a stone reservoir dam constructed, and a legislative 
charter obtained granting control of the water. The calender mill was also 
built, and machine, carpenter, and other shops. In 1873 the Denison Paper 
Manufacturing Company was organized and incorporated with $500,000 capital; 
Adna C. and Adna T. Denison and Mrs C. M. Cram, stockholders. In 1879 
and 1880 the chemical pulp mill in Canton was built to furnish its product of 



738 History of Androscoggin County. 



10 tons of wood pulp daily for the Poland mills. This company was the first 
to make paper wholly from wood, which it first did in 1880. The Denison 
Paper Manufacturing Company ceased operations in 1887 and its extensive 
works passed into othe.r hands who formed a new corporation — Poland Paper 
Company. 

Polaiid Paper Company. — This corporation, under the personal attention 
of Charles R. Milliken,^ one of the leading financiers of Maine, has a gigantic 
industry in operation here. The plant consists of the entire water-power of 
the Little Androscoggin (over 2,000 horse-power every 24 hours), supplemented 
by that of Range pond ; several large paper, calender, and other mills, machine 
shops, hotel, tenement houses, and other buildings, in all covering five acres 
of ground, and a large pulp mill at Canton. From 175 to 200 people are 
employed, from 18 to 20 tons of rag and pulp are used daily, and average 
monthly shipments made valued at -150,000.'^ The bulk of the business of the 
Grand Trunk at this place comes from this company, causing its revenue to be 
larger here than at any other point between Portland and Montreal. In 1891 
over half a mile of railroad was built from the Grand Trunk below the village 
into the yard. The stock of the company is capitalized at •t>300,000. Officers: 
Arthur Sewall, of Bath, president ; C. R. Milliken, of Portland, clerk and treas- 
urer; Arthur Sewall, James Munroe, George C. Wing, W. S. Dana, W. G. Davis, 
W. H. Milliken, Frank I). True, directors; C. H. Milliken, superintendent. 

Evaiis Rifle Co. — In 1871 this company commenced operations, and in 
1873 the Denison Paper Manufacturing Co. owned the stock and made several 
thousand rifies and carbines. The Russian Flying Squadron, organized in 
America, was entirely armed with these arms. A. T. Denison and G. F. 
Evans exhibited the arms before a military commission in St Petersburg, 
which advised their adoption by the Russian government. In 1878 the plant 
was moved to Massachusetts. 

" The Elms " was built by A. C. Denison & Co. in 1859 as Eagle Hotel, cost 
$7,000, and is owned by Poland Paper Co. Its first landlord was Davis. He 
was followed by one Pierce. Prescott R. Cobb kept it from 1866 to 1868 ; 
others then kept it for brief times; later, A. C. Denison occupied it as a 
residence. In 1887 H. S. Jordan opened it as The Elms. He was succeeded 
in 1891 by A. V. Edie. 

1 Hugh Milliken, the Scotch emigrant, came to Boston about 1650. His son, John, settled in Scar- 
borough in l(3!tO, and had sons: John, Edward, Samuel, Nathaniel. Benjamin, a descendant of this 
family, lived in North Yarmouth and Buckfield. His son, Josiah, lived in Buckfield, Minot, and 
Poland, and had sons: Weston F., William H., Charles R., Seth M., George. Weston F.was in trade 
in Minot from 1852 to 185(), and later was jirominent in public, commercial, and financial positions in 
Portland. With his brother he formed the firm of VV. F. & C. R. Milliken. C. R. Milliken is treasurer 
of the Portland Rolling Mill and proprietor of the Glen House, White Mountains, N. H. 

■^ The paper for this volume was made by the Poland Paper Company . 



Town of Poland. 789 



Mechanic Falls Driving Park Association. — For many years an interest 
has been felt in the improvement of horses in Poland, and a track was 
made and used before the Civil War. No organization was made until 
1883 or 1884, when this association was formed "to encourage husbandry, 
fairs, and improvement of stock." There were ten original members : C. H. 
Dwinal, F. E. Dwinal, J. M. Libby, P. A. Jordan, S. D. Jordan, M. H. Nelson, 
James M. Nason, Thomas Marcotte, P. R. Cobb, William Greenleaf. C. H. 
Milliken soon took the place of the latter, and N. Q. Pope, John Hanscom. 
Luther Perkins, and others have been made honorary members. Twenty acres 
of land below the village, where the old track was made, was leased and a 
good half-mile track made, and stalls, etc., erected, and exhibitions and fairs 
have been held. The officers are C. H. Dwinal, president; P. R. Cobb, secre- 
tary and treasurer; F. E. Dwinal, S. D. Jordan, Luther Perkins, directors. 

Denison Block was built, in 1870, by A. C. Detiison & Co., cost $12,000, 
and is owned by the Poland Paper Co. D. B. Holt, Son & Co. at once com- 
menced trade. In 1873 Mr Holt sold his interest to A. C. Denison & Co. 
McCann Bros followed them in 1874, and from July, 1875, until 1891, Isaac 
A. Denison was in trade as a grocer here. 

M. N. Royal cf Co. manufacturers and wholesale and retail dealers in 
confectionery, stationery, etc., do an immense business. The chocolate manu- 
factory was established in 1884 by M. N. Royal. It is the only one in Maine. 
He began to make candy the same year. His first factory was in the buildings 
of the Evans Rifle Co. In July, 1885, he removed to Lincoln Block. 

Poland Packing and Manufacturing Co. — This company was inaugurated 
by J. W. Jones near the "red bridge" in 1873. He conducted it until 1886. 
In 1890 John Hanscom purchased the property, put up suitable buildings, 
introduced improved machinery, and is doing an extensive business, with a 
capacity of packing 25,000 cans daily. 

The Mechanic Falls Ledger. — (See page 286.) The publishing, electro- 
typing, and printing establishment of Poole Brothers is one of the enterprising 
houses of the county. The business was originated in 1874 by Henry A. 
Poole. In 1885 George W. Poole became a partner, forming the present firm. 
They are of Scotch descent, sons of Albion and Eliza (Gould) Poole, and 
natives of Waterford. Henry A. married Ida M. Goodrich, of Eliot; George W. 
married Addie E. Hanson, of Brentwood, N. H. Poole Bros have a fine plant, 
with facilities for a large business, print books for city publishers, and, in 1890, 
published a fineljMllustrated " History of Poland." To their courtesy we are 
indebted for a liberal use of its contents. 

Edward F. Edgecond^ has a model job printing office in one of the Poland 
Paper Co.'s buildings. He makes specialties of fine commercial printing, 
elegant novelties, and artistic job work. 



740 History of Androscoggin County. 

Physicians. — Dr Moses R. Pulsifer^ was the first to locate, and remained 
until Dr J. M. Eveleth came in 1858. Dr D. VV. Sawyer came in 1862, and in 
1865 was succeeded by Dr C. L. Holt, who sold to Dr E. F. Bradford in 1870. 
Dr Ayer was here in 1872, H. D. Torrey in 1875. In 1873 Dr Henry Waters 
came, and at his death (1875) was succeeded by his brother, Dr William 
Waters (homceopath). From 1875 to 1888 Dr A. L. Gaubert was in practice. 
Dr E. C. Heath (homoeopath) came and was in practice until his death in 1889. 
Dr A. D. Bowman (homoeopath) is now in practice. 

Photographers., Etc. — Dimon B. Perry had a gallery here from 1862 to 1871. 
C. S. Gurney succeeded him, and was followed by others. In 1886 the present 
artistic photographer, O. C. Bridge, became proprietor. 

Watches and Jewelry.- — -Zenas Lane has been in trade from 1865. 

S. S. Waterhonse has kept a general store in the Railroad Store, west of the 
Grand Trunk, since January, 1889. This store was built and opened as a flour 
and feed store in 1860 by Isaac D. Cushman. In 1862 Frank Danforth bought 
it for a dry goods and grocery store. He sold in 1865 to Pulsifer & Lane ; the 
latter sold in 1867 to D. B. Waterhouse, and in 1870 Pulsifer sold to Edward 
Thurston. Thurston ^ Waterhouse traded until 1880, when D. B. Waterhouse 
became sole owner until he sold to S. S. Waterhouse. 

Cabinet ynahing was conducted from 1841 by Lowell Valentine, Nelson Val- 
entine, R. L. McPherson, William Eldredge, D. S. Perkins, Perry & Merrill, 
and from 1868 to 1883 by D. B. Perry. From 1865 to 1880 quite a business 
was done in brick-making a short distance out on the Poland road, first by 
Fessenden & Morrill, and later by Thurston & Waterhouse. 

Andrew J. Weston commenced business as contractor and builder in 1878. 
He employs several men and deals largely in lumber, sash, doors, blinds, etc. 

Creorge 0. Goodwin cf Co. erected a lumber mill on the Orrin Dwinal lot in 
1887. Their power is a 40-horse-power steam engine. They cut dimension, 
long and short lumber,' etc., and produce from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 feet 
annually. 

iDr Moses Rust Pulsifer, grandson of David and sou of Jonathan, was the first young man of 
Poland educated as a physician. He was born in Poland, October 9, 1799; died at Ellsworth, January 
27, 1877. He married, first, Mary S., oldest child of Hon. Josiali Dunn. Of their 12 children eight 
survive: Maj. Josiah D.; Dr Nathan G. H., president of People's Bank, Waterville; Reuben D., 
farmer. Stetson; Augustus M., Auburn; Dr Horatio P>., Auburn; Dr Thomas B., Yarmouth, Mass.; 
Caroline (Mrs B. F. Crocker), Hyannis, Mass.; Ella D. (Mrs Frederic Matthews), Yarmouth, Mass. 
Dr Pulsifer married, second, Mary L. Berry, of PZUsworth. Children: Georgia (who married Dr 
Charles Porter), and Charles L. Dr Pulsifer was educated at Hebron Academy, Dartmouth, and 
Bowdoin, and was graduated at Bowdoin in 1822. He practiced at Eden, Sullivan, Minot, Poland, 
Mount Desert, and St Stephens, N. B. He later attended medical lectures in New York and Phila- 
delphia, and practiced hoinceopathy in Ellsworth. He was devoted to his profession and had a large 
practice; was an honest and earnest man, an enthusiastic advocate of abstinence from liquor and 
tobacco, and lived a long, laborious, and useful life. 



Town of Poland. 741 



CHAPTER XLIII. 

Coiio;regational Churches— Universalist Church — Methodist Episcopal Church— Free 
Will Baptist Churches — Ad ventism — Shakers —Baptist Church — Gleanings from Town 
Records — Civil List. 

THE First Congregational Church, Poland Corner.' November 1,1825, 
a council of Congregational ministers and delegates assembled at a school- 
house to organize a Congregational church. Kev. Edward Payson, D.D., 
of Portland, Rev. Percy Chapin of Pownal, Rev. Elijah Jones of Minot, Rev. 
Elisha Moseley of New Gloucester, Rev. J. G. Merrill of Otisfield, were present 
with delegates. After the reading of the confession of faith, etc., the church 
was organized with these members : George Waterhouse, Jabez Ricker, Daniel 
Waterman, Zenas Cobb, Mary Ricker, Elizabeth Bailey, Dorcas Cobb, Abagail 
Waterman, Elizabeth Lane, and Hannah Allen. Public services were held in 
the afternoon at the town house at the Corner. The first services were at the 
meeting-house on the Plains. The Lord's Supper was first administered 
November 8, 1825, by Rev. Elisha Jones. 25 persons were admitted to member- 
ship the first year. Zenas Cobb was the first moderator. James P. Richardson 
was ordained August 16, 1826. During the first six months 35 persons were 
received into the church. Among them were Moses Harris, Daniel Harris, 
Levi Bailey, Ephraim Harris, Edward Ross, Daniel Pierce, John Cousens, 
John Nevens, and Jacob Rowe. In May, 1827, Daniel Waterman and Levi 
Bailey were chosen first deacons. May 30, 1827, the new meeting-house at 
Poland Corner was dedicated. Sermon by the pastor. Rev. Messrs Greely, 
Stowe, Jones, Peckhara, and Long assisted. The building was a substantial 
one. The pews were made of the finest pine lumber ; were unpainted, and 
remained so until the renovation in Mr Emrich's time. The pulpit was 
"fearfully and wonderfully made." It was high, with a door to shut in the 
minister. The years 1830-31 were memorable for a revival. September 14, 
1833, Rev. Mr Richardson resigned. Rev. Charles R. Fisk next received a call 
from this church, with a salary of -1350. Mr Fisk was installed May 27, 1834. 
He remained a year. Rev. Thomas Williams was next pastor ; salary f400. He 
was installed October 18, 1835. May, 1837, Dr Eleazer Burbank and Daniel 
Pierce were chosen deacons. 1839 was blessed by a " gracious revival." In 
1840 a branch church was organized at Mechanic Falls. At this time, accord- 
ing to Rev. F. E. Emrich, "through the perseverance of John Cousens, 

1 Condensed from sketch in Poole Bros' " History of Poland." 



742 History of Androscoggin County. 

Edward Little, of Auburn, gave to the First Congregational Church of Poland 
a piece of land, which was sold for -11,000, the interest of which was to be 
appropriated for the support of the Congregational parish in the town of 
Poland. Tlie wise foresight of the fathers has helped their children in perpetu- 
ating the institutions of a Congregational society." Mr Williams continued 
pastor here until his death. In 1847 Rev. Stephen Gould became pastor, and 
remained until his death. Mr Gould seems to have been the latest settled 
pastor. Rev. L. W. Harris supplying in 1860 half the time. Since that date 
the Congregational ministers of Mechanic Falls have supplied here, the Rev. 
F. E. Emrich doing efficient service. Several united with the church through 
his labors. By his active services the meeting-house was remodelled, the old 
pulpit replaced by a modern desk, new pews, a steeple and bell added, and the 
church re-furnished. Rev. C. A. White, the latest acting pastor, was faithful 
and earnest in his work. 

Meelianic Fnlls Gongre(jatlonal Clmrcli. — W. W. Waterman says, in "History 
of Poland," that this church was organized as a branch of the " Congregational 
Church in Poland " by an ecclesiastical council at the house of Mr John 
Valentine, June 15, 1840, with these members: John Valentine, Charlotte 
Valentine, Joseph H. Hall, Sophia Hall, Salmon Hackett, Laurana Hackett, 
Samuel Chandler, Lowell and Nelson Valentine, Mrs Pamelia Foss, and Mrs 
Nancy P. Alden. This branch of the church was to be under the care of Rev. 
Thomas Williams, then pastor of the church in Poland, and could preach 
alternate Sabbaths at Poland Corner and Mechanic E'alls. The first preaching 
service was held at the old school-house on the Minot side of the river, July 
12, 1840. About this time a few individuals joined in erecting the vestry on the 
south side of the meeting-house lot, which was a gift to the society by Mr 
John Valentine. The vestry was dedicated December 30, 1841. It was used 
for high and singing schools, lectures, etc., until about 1850, when it was 
moved away. November 9, 1842, the branch church became an independent 
society, and Rev. Nathan Cobb became its first pastor, and continued to be the 
nominal pastor of the church (not preaching all the time) up to August 12, 
1847, when he was dismissed at his request; and on the same day and by 
the same council. Rev. Enos Merrill was installed. Mr Merrill was dismissed, 
at his own request, August 10, 1855. He was noted for faithfulness as a 
pastor and fine scholarship. Rev. William N. Jordan came next, remained 
till January, 1859, when he was succeeded by Rev. Horatio Illsley, who 
preached till July, 1862; he was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Kyte. Mr Kyte 
was installed September 25, 1862, and remained till 1864. The pulpit was 
then supplied by Revs George W. Campbell, E. T. Borchers, F. M. Davies, 
A. C. Herrick, E. S. Jordan, H. Whitcher, R. J. Langradge, and Professors 
Stanley, Hayes, and Angell. Rev. F. E. Emrich commenced preaching April 
1, 1874, was installed July 25, 1877, and dismissed August 27, 1882. Rev. 



Town of Poland. 743 



C. A. White succeeded him December 31, 1882, and resigned April 1, 1888. 
Kev. S. H. Woodrow preached one year, and was followed by Rev. Fred- 
erick Newport, the present pastor. The number of persons connected with 
tliis church from commencement until May, 1890, is 228. The present church 
building was completed and dedicated in the autumn of 1848. The dedicatory 
sermon was preached by Rev. Enos Merrill. In 1886 the house was remod- 
elled, repaired, and furnished with a furnace, and a basement vestry added. 

The Universalist Church.^ — The first sermon by a Universalist in Poland 
was preached on Monday, September 17, 1798, by Rev. Thomas Barns^; his 
text was: "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, 
the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due 
time." At the conclusion of the service. Rev. Mr Merritt, a Methodist, made 
some remarks according to his doctrinal ideas, to which Mr Barns replied, and 
" we shook hands and parted in peace." In 1799 Rev. Mr Barns removed his 
family here. January 6, 1802, he was ordained at Gray. In May, 1802, Rev. 
Mr Hubbard, Methodist, arranged with Rev. Mr Barns and Rev. Mr Williston, 
Methodist, to hold a public discussion in the meeting-house near Minot Corner. 
The audience was large, mostly Methodists, and there was an interesting 
discussion. In 1807, the Congregational church of New Gloucester exercised 
the right to tax other denominations, and in default of payment sold their 
stock at auction. The Universalists, Baptists, and Methodists sent a petition 
for redress to the legislature b}^ Mr Barns, who was representative, which was 
successful. He fulfilled his appointments to preach until his death. [See 
note.] Father Barns was the first man ordained to the Christian ministry of 
universal salvation in Maine. Many of the prominent families became 
interested and earnest laborers in the cause, and soon after his death, they, in 
company with the Methodists and Baptists, built a meeting-house at Poland 
Corner, in which they held meetings and had preaching by itinerants, until it 
was burned about 30 years afterward. The prominent men in Poland then 
Universalists were James and Charles Chipman, William Jackson, Samuel and 
Job Atwood, Nathaniel Lane, Benjamin Garland, and later, Stephen and Free- 

1 Condensed from sketch in Poole Bros' " History of Poland," written by J. A. Bucknam. 

'- Rev. Thomas Barns, born in Merrimao, N. H., in 1749, became a Baptist in 1771, married Mary 
Fletcher in 1772, and was a farmer of Jaffrey, N. H. In 1783 he heard a Universalist preach, and soon 
became a preacher of Universalism. He resided in Vermont, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, 
preaching in those states and Rhode Island, from 1786 to 1796, when he came to New Gloucester and 
traveled extensively in Maine as a preacher of his faith. In 1799 he came to Poland. He was 
ordained January 6, 1802, pastor of the united Universalist societies of Falmouth, Gray, New 
Gloucester, and Norway, and his spare Sabbaths he preached in Freeport, Danville, Poland, Turner, 
and Livermore, and for some years was the only Universalist preacher in Maine. He dieil in 1816, and 
was buried with Masonic honors. He was often representative, was of blameless character, and as a 
speaker possessed wonderful magnetism and oratorical powers. His children were : Polly, Rachel, 
Thomas, Reuben, Lucy, Lydia, Sally, Levisa, Mary Fletcher. Sally married Hon. Josiah Dunn, and it 
was said that he would lose his soul because he married the daughter of a Universalist minister. 



744 History of Androscoggin County. 

man Marble, Z. Weston, Benjamin Waterhouse, and Joseph Harris. After 
the burning of the churcli, only occasional preaching was had until at 
Mechanic Falls Kev. Messrs Blacker, Hitchens, Quimby, Gaines, and Father 
Thompson frequently preached in halls and school-houses from 1851 to 1857, 
when Father Thompson was engaged to preach one-half the time in Thayer's 
Hall. The Congregationalists and Freewill Baptists refused to let him preach 
in their churches, even when they were unoccupied, as they regarded Uni- 
versalism as a very dangerous doctrine. The Universalists, however, built a 
commodious church of their own, in which they could worship God according 
to the dictates of their own consciences, completed in December, 1863. 

A Universalist Society was organized April 8, 1862, with officers: Mod- 
erator, J. A. Bucknam ; clerk, Charles H. Dwinal : treasurer, William Moore; 
trustees, John Winslow, William Moore, J. A. Bucknam. This society was 
merged into a new organization, March 24, 1863, composed of citizens of 
Poland, Minot, and Hebron, and named the First Universalist Parish of 
Mechanic Falls. The charter members were J. A. Bucknam, Charles H. 
Dwinal, F. H. Cobb, John Winslow, Mark D. Curtiss, O. W. Hawkes, F.' A. 
Danforth, and B. F. Haskell. At this first meeting, S. F. Waterman, Adna C. 
Denison, A. K. Bickford, Solomon Atwood, Edward M. Thurston joined the 
parish. The parish was organized by the choice of F. H. Cobb, moderator; 
Charles H. Dwinal, clerk and treasurer; J. A. Bucknam, John Winslow, S. F. 
Waterman, trustees: A. C. Denison, E. M. Thurston, F. A. Danforth, assessors. 
Voted to raise ''f'500 to complete the sum of $3,000 for the purpose of building 
a cliurch. Hon. A. C. Denison, J. A. Bucknam, S. F. Waterman, E. M. 
Thurston, William Moore, and A. K. Bickford were chosen building committee. 
The church was built, and an organ valued at 82,600 was placed in it before 
January, 1864, when the church was dedicated by Rev. Zenas Thompson, who 
probably preached the first Universalist sermon ever delivered in Mechanic 
Falls in 1840, and who, from 1851 to the building of the church, labored 
zealously, and was largely instrumental in the erection of the church. He 
delivered the dedicatory address with great ability and power. He was a 
wonderful speaker on great occasions. The singing was under the direction of 
S. F. Waterman, Esq., who served the church with much ability for many 
years. January 24 Kev. R. A. Ballou was engaged to fill the pulpit. Decem- 
ber 24, 1864, Rev. A. G. Gaines was called at a salary of -$800. He resigned 
January 1, 1870. He was a learned man, a humble and devout preacher, gaining 
the respect of all the community, and enlarging the parish to 80 members. 

The church organized in 1842 as the Hebron and West Minot Church, and 
in 1858 reorganized as the West Minot and Mechanic Falls Church, was 
reorganized as the Mechanic Falls Church, November 11, 1866, and it retained 
all the old members, residents of Minot, Poland, and Hebron. These names 
were transferred from the old church to the new : John Winslow and wife, 



Town of Poland. 745 



Calvin Whitman and wife, Solomon Atwood and wife, Calvin Bucknam and 
wife, Charles V. Jacobs and wife, James Jacobs and wife, William Moore and 
wife, William Cobb and wife, Tristram Durelle and wife, Benjamin Waterhouse 
and wife, Jacob McCollister and wife, Cyrus Bridgham and wife, Ara Cush- 
man and wife, Thomas Cushman and wife, Ephraim Stinchfield and wife, 
Smith G. Bailey and wife, Albert Valentine, Lloyd Andrews, Samuel Bumpus, 
S. A. Bennett, Adam Richardson, Josiah A. Bucknam, Rufus Thurlow, Matthias 
P. Sawyer, Zenas Weston and wife, Benjamin F. Haskell and wife, Sarah D. 
Clark, Rachel C. Richardson, Sarah Moore, Cynthia DeCoster, Sarah A. Par- 
sons, Elizabeth O. Ryerson, Hamlin T. Bucknam. These were added at the 
formation of the Mechanic Falls Church: Adna C. Denison, George Sholes, 
Edward M. Thurston and wife, Rev. Absalom G. Gaines, Abraham A. Waldron. 
60 members constituted the Mechanic Falls Church, December 2, 1866. Since 
then 88 members have been added, 39 have died, and the present number is 60. 
Calvin Bucknam served as deacon from 1842 to about 1872. Lysander Dunham 
served from 1842 until 1858. Since then George Sholes, Albert Valentine, E. 
M. Thurston, Andrew J. Weston and Alvin Reed are the present deacons. 
Josiah A. Bucknam, E. M. Thurston, Albert Valentine, Charles S. Allen, 
Nathaniel Gammon, A. J. Weston, George Sholes, and E. F. Bradford have 
been clerks. The business department is in the hands of the parish. [For the 
creed see Auburn.] Rev. Zenas Thompson succeeded Rev. Mr Gaines and 
began his service in March, 1870. A bell was purchased and rung for the first 
time December 4, 1870. lo members were added to the parish February 20, 
1871. On account of impaired health Rev. Mr Thompson resigned December 3, 
but remained the balance of his year. The parish was increased to 99 members, 
and several added to the church, and during his last winter the average of the 
Sabbath-school attendance was 175. He was unanimously invited to remain 
two years longer, but his ill health, brought on by exposure as chaplain in the 
army, rendered it impossible. The church and parish, with other friends where 
he had preached, in grateful remembrance of his unselfish labors for a life-time, 
at the suggestion of his friend, J. A. Bucknam, purchased a pleasant little 
homestead in the village and presented it to him, so that he could rest from his 
active duties of pastor and yet be helpful in many ways to the church and 
community. He gave his life-work for temperance and humanit}^ as embodied 
in the blessed gospel of Jesus Christ. Thus he lived, honored and loved in 
the last years of his life by people of all religious faiths. He died December, 
1882, in the town of Deering, aged 78 years. May 6, 1872, Rev. S. S. Davis, 
a graduate of Canton Theological School, N. Y., was the next pastor. He 
remained nearly one year. Rev. Martin J. Steere accepted a unanimous call 
of the parish to become its pastor at a salary of $1,500, and began his services 
November 30, 1873. May 11, 1875, on motion of Hon. A. C. Denison, the 
parish unanimously voted to enlarge the church and put a vestry under it at a 



746 History of Androscoggin County. 

cost of about -fi6,000. The Congregational church kindly invited them to 
occupy their meeting-house while repairing, without charge, which was thank- 
fully accepted. October 28, the building being completed, the vestry was 
dedicated and named Murray Hall. May 14, 1876, Bro. Steere read his resig- 
nation and it was accepted. Many members were added to the church while 
he was pastor. He came to the Universalists from the Free Baptists. He 
wrote a theological book, entitled " Footprints Heavenward," giving his reasons 
for his change of belief, and it was very popular. [See page 374.] From 
June, 1876, to June, 1877, the pulpit was supplied. Rev. Harrison S.Whitman 
was installed pastor of the church June 22, 1877. October 9, 1882, Rev. Mr 
Whitman resigned. He was a talented writer and preacher, and a very pure- 
minded and exemplary man. During his pastorate many joined the church and 
parish. For nearly a year services were held every Sunday, then Rev. W. W. 
Hooper commenced his service as pastor. He labored earnestly and faithfully, 
but under very unfavorable circumstances; the parish had a heavy debt and 
could not make much progress. May 6, 1886, the parish accepted his resigna- 
tion. Mr Hooper was an interesting preacher, a beloved pastor, and endeared 
himself to the whole community. Rev. W. S. Perkins, of Lewiston, filled the 
pulpit from 1886, to June, 1889. He was an able and eloquent speaker. One 
very important movement was begun in 1887 by him, and Bros Whitman, 
Hooper, and Hayden, to relieve the parish of its debt by inducing the state 
convention to pay -^500 for three successive years, if the parish would pay in 
the same sum. This was consummated May 1, 1890, when the ladies got up a 
supper. 150 persons generously paid -12.50 a plate and raised the money. Mr 
Bucknam says if the noble women of the parish had not, during the darkest 
days, worked with untiring energy, the parish property must have been lost to 
the denomination. Great honor is due to them. From July, 1889, to Jul}'^, 
1890, Rev. R. F. Johonnot, of Lewiston, ministered to the church on Sundays. 

The parish and church now extended a unanimous invitation to Rev. George 
G. Hamilton, of Oakland, who began his work October 5, 1890. He came here 
by a personal sacrifice, hoping by the help of God's spirit to do a large and 
glorious work. Since Mr Hamilton came, the audience at church and Sabbath 
school has doubled in attendance. At this writing, November 1, 1890, the 
church and parish are in a more prosperous condition than they have been for 
years, are free from debt, with church property valued at |10,000, a church 
membership of 60, a parish membership of 80, Sabbath school of about 85. 
There are 120 families in the vicinity; some of each attend the meetings and 
contribute to its support. 

The parish is the business branch of the church, yet its creed, constitution, 
and by-laws are in substance the same as the church, but not subject to its 
ordinances. The board of trustees is the executive force and business and 
financial management. These persons have served as trustees : J. A. Bucknam, 



Town of Poland. 747 



John Winslow, S. F. Waterman, A. C. Denison, E. M. Thurston, William 
Moore, A. T. Denison, F. C. Whitehouse, A. Reed, Calvin M. Cram, E. B. 
Gammon, D. B. Holt, A. J. Weston, James S. Gerr}'-, E. F. Bradford, C. H. 
Dwinal, Fred E. Dwinal, George L. Reed, Mrs A. T. Denison, Mrs Charles H. 
Dwinal. The present officers are: Alvin Reed, moderator; Dr E. F. Brad- 
ford, clerk ; A. J. Weston, treasurer ; James H. DeCoster, Herbert E. Thurston, 
L. W. Mason, trustees. These persons have served in their respective offices 
longer than any others: George W. Sholes, as clerk of church. Sabbath school, 
and parish; A. J. Weston, treasurer of parish; J. A. Bucknam, trustee of 
parish; A. C. Denison, su[)erintendent of Sabbath school and its most efficient 
supporter. The ministerial fund is about $5,000. In 1890 the Methodists 
received 30 per cent., the Universalists 23 per cent., the Free Baptists 21 per 
cent., the Congregationalists 14 per cent., the Adventists 10 per cent., the 
Calvinist Baptists 2 per cent. The Mechanic Falls church is the only Univer- 
salist organization in tov^^n. Its average running expenses since 1863 have 
been tf 1,500 per year. These sums, with what has been paid for buildings and 
formation, will exceed $50,000. 

Methodist Episcopal Church. — Poland was at first in the Portland circuit. 
Jesse Lee preached here, in 1793, in the house of Nehemiah Strout, and 
Nehemiah Strout, Josiah Dunn, and William Davis were converted. This 
house was the preaching place of Methodist itinerants for years. In 1795 
there was a church organization, and in a record of the quarterly conference, 
in August, 1797, it is stated "that Moses Emery, Jr, of Poland was chosen 
steward of the money matters, in Asa Robertson's stead." This quarterly 
meeting was held at Poland. In 1802 Portland circuit was divided into 
Falmouth and Poland circuits. Josiah Dunn and John Caldwell were 
stewards of Poland circuit. Prior to 1800 Timothy Merritt became a laborer 
here, and his work brought a great revival. In 1802 Philip Munger was 
preacher in charge. In 1803 Joshua Taylor was presiding elder. Joel Wicker 
appointed to Poland. The years 1816 and 1817 were blessed under the labors 
of John Adams. Many of Poland's representative people were converted to 
Methodism, and many of their descendants have been prominent workers. 
Moses Emery and several of his family became Methodists. His oldest son, 
Moses, was a local preacher, and for more than 40 years and while his health 
continued, preached every Sabbath. His life gave the impression that religion 
made this life happy and the future glorious. He died at Livermore Falls, 
November 4, 1861, in his 90th year. Jlev. Natlian Emery., son of Moses Emery, 
was born in Poland, August 5, 1780. In 1795 he was converted to Methodism, 
and when 16 was appointed class leader ; in 1799 licensed to preach ; in 1801 
ordained deacon ; in 1803 removed from Maine, and until 1821 he was 
appointed to prominent circuits in New York Conference. In 1816 he organ- 
ized the first Sunday school in Brooklyn. In 1804 and 1816 he was a member 



748 History of Androscoggin County. 

of the General Conference. He afterward removed to Ohio and resumed 
itinerant labors. He died May 20, 1849. Mr Emery's ministrations were 
characterized by good sense, great zeal for God, and a deep concern for the 
salvation of souls. Rev. William Freeman Farrington was born near Worthley 
Brook in Poland, September 7, 1800, and died in Auburn, December 26, 
1888. He was converted when 14, and preached his first sermon in Poland in 
1826. In 1829 he joined the conference and preached in Durham. In 
1856-58 he was presiding elder of the Portland district. He was a natural 
orator,and one of the sweetest of singers. His life was a useful and an unblem- 
ished one. The descendants of Josiah Dunn have largely identified themselves 
with the Methodists; among them, Hon. William Dunn, and Reuben B. Dunn, 
who was born in Poland, December 23, 1802, and was one of the strongest sup- 
porters of the Methodist church. He acquired wealth and gave largely to the 
cause he loved. Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Waterville Methodist Church, 
Boston University, and many other churches had in him a most generous 
benefactor. Poland circuit has been much reduced, and now embraces only 
Poland and Minot. In 1886 East Poland and Minot Corner had one church 
organization, with a membership of 41, two church edifices valued at over 
#4,000, and a parsonage valued at $800. Rev. J. F. Keith served this charge 
two years ; his pastorate commenced May 1, 1888. Rev. George G. Powers 
succeeded him April 28, 1890. The church membership is 56. There are 
three Sabbath schools with 89 pupils and 12 teachers. The superintendents 
are : Howard M. Dunn, C. ¥. King, and R. J. Everett. The Empire Grove 
camp-meeting is held annually. The grounds are improved each year, and 
they are among the finest and most convenient in New England. The grounds 
were leased, in 1858, for 99 years, and are near Empire station. 

The First Free Will Baptist Church was organized October 8, 1798. The 
first members were William Emery, Mark Emery, Edmund Megquier, and 
John Fernald. They met at the house of William Emery; Elder Zachariah 
Leach, of Raymond, and Elder Joseph Hutchinson, of Turner, assisted in the 
ceremonies. During the year Jonathan Fickett, Zudy Fickett, Edmund 
Megquier, and John Fernald were received by baptism. Meetings were held 
in houses, barns, and groves. Elder Z. Leach, the first pastor, preached from 
1798 until 1824. Hubbard Chandler preached in 1825. During his ministry 
the church was reorganized and joined to the Gorham yearly meeting. Rev. 
Hubbard Chandler, born in Wilton, January 11, 1798, was son of Henry and 
Mehitable Chandler, early settlers of Poland. He was ordained January 9, 
1822, and united with the Freewill Baptists. He preached in 120 towns, 
averaging not more than |50 a year for his services. He was a very persuasive 
speaker and a most successful missionary. He died November 5, 1866. In 1831 
Rev. James Libby was settled as pastor, maintaining that relation until 1865. 
Rev. James Libby, son of Deacon James and Betsey Small Libby, was born in 



Town of Poland. 749 



Danville in 1796. In 1828 he entered the ministry ; in 1831 moved to West 
Poland. The church prospered under his ministrations. He was one of the 
first four anti-slavery men in the town. Temperance was strongly advocated 
by him, and Sabbath schools. His remarkable memory and great conversa- 
tional powers made him an instructive and agreeable speaker. He attended 
more than 1,000 funerals, baptized about 1,000 persons, and performed tlie 
marriage ceremony many hundred times. He died March 6, 1884. The 
pastorate has been since held by Elder C. Bean, Jerry Hayden, David Libby, 
Ebenezer Eaton, and J. S. Potter. The deacons have been Robert Snell, 
Stephen Cobb, Francis Rounds, Joseph Allen, Joshua Lunt, William Barton, 
Israel Herrick, Mark Emery, Joshua Jordan, William E. Morton, Lemuel C. 
Keene, and William E. Lunt. The membership since organization has been about 
300 ; present number, about 80. The meeting-house was built in 1834 and 
dedicated January 1, 1835 ; dedication sermon by Rev. George Lamb. In 1840 
a number were dismissed to form a church on White Oak hill, after which this 
became the First Free Baptist Church. For a few jeAvs the pulpit has been 
supplied by Revs J. S. Burgess, Wakeley, Gosline, and others. The first choir 
was under the leadership of William Stevens, and then Benjamin C. Megquier. 
This choir disbanded. In 1848 a new choir was formed under the leadership 
of Nathaniel Keene, who held that position for over 30 years. There is no 
resident pastor of the church at present. 

The /Second Free Baptist Church was organized on White Oak hill in 1840, 
with 40 members ; the most had belonged to the First Church on Megquier 
hill. Among them were John Stanton, William Stanton, William McCann, 
Lorenzo Thurston, George Thurston, Joseph P'rickey, David McCann, Betsey 
Stanton, Lydia Stanton, Lucy McCann, Rachel Stanton. Rev. George Haskell 
was installed pastor and in 1841 35 members were added. From 1841 to 1856 
the pastors were Rev. Smith Fairfield, Rev. Thomas Kenniston, and one other. 
From 1856 to 1876 Rev. John Pinkham did great service, and since preaching 
has been supplied by students from Bates College, and various itinerants. 
Plie membership is about 40. The church was built and dedicated in 1870. 
William Stanton and William McCann were chosen deacons at the organiza- 
tion, and held office until their death. Deacon McCann died in 1878, and was 
succeeded by Leo F. Thurston. Deacon Stanton died in 1885, since which 
time no one has been elected. 

Adventism was first preached at West Poland in 1842 by Elder E. Crowell, 
Joshua V. Hines, and others. A large number embraced this doctrine, and for 
several years the Adventists and Baptists occupied the same house of worship. 
In 1855 the Adventists erected a chapel, which was dedicated free to all sects 
and denominations. Deaths and removals have reduced this once large society, 
and no church organization or regular meeting is maintained. The elders who 
have resided at W^est Poland were Joseph P^urner, Luther L. Howard, O. R. 



750 History of Androscoggin County. 

Fassett, Jesse Partridge, Joseph T. Jordan, Jared Whitman, and Rev. James 
Albert Libby, who is son of Rev. James and Nancy Fulton Libby, a descendant of 
John Libby, the English emigrant, and born in West Poland, July 3, 1832. He 
had a common school and academical education, and has been a teacher. When 
26 he became a preacher and was ordained by the Adventists in 1859. He 
has labored in eight different states and in Canada. In 1869, accompanied by 
his wife, Mary (Chandler) Libby, he went to South Carolina, and preached 
and taught among the freedmen. From 1884 to 1887 he was settled in 
Castleton, Vt, and 50 members were added to the society. He now resides in 
Poland, and ministers to churches in the surrounding towns. He has devoted 
much time to literary work, and has published many poems. He is president 
of the Androscoggin Camp-Meeting Association, and Androscoggin County 
Conference. He is a Republican and a prohibitionist. 

An organized church of some 50 members holds regular meetings at 
Mechanic Falls. In 1890, the Camp-Meeting Association began to hold yearly 
meetings on its grounds of 15 acres, situated on the Lewiston road. The 
lovely location, the waving groves, the splendid scenery, combine to make the 
natural features peculiarly adapted to the designed purpose of a religious 
summer resort. 

The Shakers. — ^In November, 1783, Elisha Pote, Nathan Freeman, and 
Enoch Waite came into Thompson Pond plantation and held meetings. They 
were gifted speakers and singers, and many embraced their faith. A meeting- 
house was built, also mills in New Gloucester. By industry and prudence the 
Shakers acquired much real estate. For a while they retained their property 
as before conversion, but soon after it was held in common. They were joined 
by others from Buckfield ; they exchanged the lands on Ricker hill for lands 
in Alfred. J. M. Libby says of the Poland or Upper Family, in 1872 : " They 
came in 1819, exchanged their lands in Gorham for those they own in Poland 
with Andrew Twombly and Josh. Berry, and bought other lands. The family 
at first numbered 50, but at present something less than 40. Of the original 
50 only five are now living. Elder Samuel Pote came with the family to 
Poland. The present elder is Nehemiah Trull. Their chief reason for leaving 
Gorham was the scarcity of wood and timber, large quantities of which they 
found here. The stone mansion begun 12 years ago, but not completed, has 
cost i>15,000, and when finished will cost '1120,000. They value their property 
in Poland at |!30,000. Agriculture forms the chief occupation, and is carried 
to a high degree of perfection. Gardening, grape-culture, and orcharding each 
receive considerable attention." In recent years this society has not flourished 
and their farm has been abandoned and sold. 

Poland Baptist Church. — Many of the early residents became Baptists, and 
united with the church in Paris. In 1824 they were embodied into a church, 
with 21 members. But they were few in numbers, and, after several years. 



Town of Poland. 751 



they united with the church in Oxford, which became " Poland and Oxford " 
church. This union continued until the membership and influence was mostly 
confined to Oxford, when the name Poland was dropped. 

Gleanings from Records. — T/te First Town Meeting of which there is record was held at the 
"Centre School-House" June 5, 1824. 1825, April 4, voted to layout one-half of the interest of the 
ministerial fund, to be divided among the several denominations. 182G, November 14, voted not to 
annex Thompson Pond plantation. 1827, January 20, voted ^aQ to build a bridge across the Little 
Androscoggin river at or near Bog falls. December 18 the division of the ministerial fund was: Meth- 
odists, $12.90; Freewill Baptists, .$9.74; Congregationalists, .$6.88; Calvinist Baptists, $5. 1832, March 
5, voted to grant licenses to innholders and retailers of spirituous liquors. May 29, the limits of the 
two militia companies, commanded by Captain Snow and Captain Kufus Haskell, were defined by the 
selectmen. 1833, March 13, voted not to grant licenses to retailers of spirituous liquors. 1834, March 
31, Joshua Thurlow and Tilson Waterman were chosen to petition the legislature for liberty to .sell the 
school lands for a school fund. 1835, March 2, voted Wentworth Ricker, James Dunn, Nehemiah 
Strout, John Martin, and Sprague Keen pound-keepers, and their yards to be pounds. 1836, December 

10, a meeting was held on the banks of the Little Androscoggin and chose David Harris, Samuel 
Atwood, and Samuel Lane to meet a committee from Minot to draw plans for a bridge across the river 
on the road leading from Poland Corner by Samuel Cousens's to " Bog falls." Plans were reported 
and accepted, and contract for building the abutment awarded to Simeon Lane for .$175. 1837, March 
13, voted that each school district choose its own school agents; voted to receive the surplus revenue 
money; William Dunn chosen agent to receive it. and Josiah Dunn, John Cousens, and Jonathan 
Pulsifer to loan it, the interest to be appropriated to pay town charges. 1838, April 9, voted to fence 
the public burying-grounds. 

1840, September 14, for governor, John Fairfield had 359 votes and Edward Kent 119 — the largest 
vote yet cast. 1841, March 6, the representative was instructed to oppose the petition of Samuel Jordan 
and 79 others of Raymond, Poland, and New Gloucester, for incorporation, and Benjamin Waterhouse 
Stephen M. Marble, and Tilson Waterman were appointed to draft a remonstrance. 1844, March 25 
voted to purchase a poor-farm at a cost not exceeding .$1,500. 1846, April 18, voted to build a town 
house on the land owned by the proprietors between the Methodist meeting-house and Amos Cum- 
mings's land. John True, Jr, contracted to build it for $375. Alden Chandler was appointed to see 
that the work was done according to contract and the house finished by March 1, 1847. 1854, September 

11, voted to buy, build, or hire a house for sufferers from small-pox or other contagious diseases. 
1857, September 14, Joseph Freeman, William Schellinger, and Joseph Strout were chosen to sell the 
poor-farm and purchase a "new one." October 24, voted that the town purchase George Fickett's 
farm for $2,800. 1858, one vote cast for the liquor license act of 1856; 187 for the prohibitory act. 
1859, February 19, resolutions were adopted denouncing the petition of the Poland Shakers to be set off 
from Poland and annexed to New Gloucester as "unreasonable, oppressive, and unjust." 1860 
September 10, for governor, Israel AVashburn, Jr, had 324 votes, and Ephraim K. Smart 263. 

The Civil Tra?-. — Poland sent 216 enlisted men, 41 citizens furnished substitutes, and $45,230 was 
expended during the war. May 25, 1861, the town voted to hire $5,000 for aid of soldiers' families, to 
assist those only having a legal residence here, to appropriate (out of the above sum) one-half of a sum 
sulficient to supply the Mechanic Falls company with revolvers when Minot shall furnish the other 
half. July 22, 1862, voted to hire $2,250, and to pay each soldier (not exceeding 30) enlisting within six 
days $75 bounty. August 27 voted to pay a bounty of $100. September 9 voted to hire $5,000 to pay 
volunteers of the last quota $100 bounty. August 6, 1863, voted to hire money to relieve all conscripts 
from service. November 6, 1863, to hire money to pay each volunteer $300; November 13 to raise $250 
for each volunteer under the last call. September 5, 1864, voted to pay $.300 bounty under the present 
call. December 24 voted $450 bounty to fill the quota. January, 1865, voted to pay $200 for one year, 
two years $300, three years $450. A. A. Dwinal Post, G. A. R., assisted by the town, erected a 
beautiful monument (dedicated May 30, 1887,) in the little park in front of the Poland Paper Company's 
mills at Mechanic Falls. 

1865, August 23, Stephen C. Atkins and Daniel F. Ayer were appointed special police at the East 
Poland camp-meeting. 1867, voted 111 to 8 in favor of an amendment to the existing liquor law. 
October 12 voted to exempt from taxation for ten years property exceeding $5,000 when expended for 
manufacturing purposes. 1868, September 26, the school committee of Minot and Poland adopted text- 
books for the public schools. 1869, December 11, George B. Dunn and Charles Lane agreed to repair 



752 History of Androscoggin County. 



the town house for the use of the hall for five years (when not in use by the town) for festivals, 
meetings, parties, singing schools, concerts, dances, etc., but December 31 it was " voted that the town 
house shall not be used as a dance hall," and to pay Lane & Dunn their expenses for repairs. 

1871 it was agreed that Poland should send representatives in 1871, 1873, 1874,1876, 1878, and 1880, and 
Minot in the other years between 1870 and 1880. 1872, June 22, voted to .raise $3,100 to pay 
the rent of a shoe factory, provided the citizens of Mechanic Falls take care of the loan and provide 
the building with machinery. 1874, ISIarch 9, voted to raise .$500 for a free high school, and A. T. 
Denison, J. M. Libby, S. S. Littletield, David Dunn, and John S. Dunn were chosen to locate the 
school and expend the money. Voted to set off the Shakers from school district No. 12 and the 
Shakers's property in No. 1 to district No. 9 in New Gloucester. 1876, November 7, voted to build, 
with Minot, an iron bridge at Mechanic Falls. 1877, May 1, voted to fund the town debt by issuing 5% 
bonds. 1878, November 9, line between Poland and Oxford perambulated. 

1883, March 12, voted .$2.5 for Memorial Day. Voted to abolish the school district system. 1884, 
September 8, vote on the prohibitory amendment, "yes," 306; "no," 103. September 29, Alfred G. 
Thurlow, Orren S. Keen, and Charles W. Dunn were appointed to sell the town farm and buy another. 
1887, March 14, voted to build (and $800 appropriated) with Minot, an iron bridge at Minot Corner. 
September 3, voted to establish free high schools at West Poland and Poland Corner. 1888, December 9, 
voted to oppose the incorporation of Mechanic Falls village, and the annexation of that pai-t of Poland 
lying east of the Grand Trunk to Minot. 1890, March 10, voted for a uniform course of study in the schools, 
and $1,000 appropriated to buy school books. $1,200 was i-aised to protect Mechanic Falls against fire, 
provided the Poland Paper Co. give bond to furnish water. 1891, money appropriated at annual meeting, 
schools, $3,000; high school, $250; highways, labor, $2,500; roads and bridges, money, $2,000; poor, 
$1,200; other purposes, $3,925. The valuatioa of the town is $958,428. 

Schools} — Poland has ever had a good character of district schools and 
late years has sustained free high schools in various parts. November 26, 

1887, the town voted to change from the district to the town system. This 
terminated the union of districts No. 20 in Poland and No. 1 in Minot, leaving 
224 scholars in Poland to be provided with educational facilities. March 12, 

1888, the town voted 15,000 for suitable school-buildings at Mechanic Falls, 
which were at once built. A. J. Weston was contractor for the wood work. 
These buildings are on Elm street, on commanding ground. There is a well- 
kept lawn in front, with walks and young shade trees, and large play-grounds, 
and all the spacious, well-lighted, and perfectly ventilated rooms are heated 
with steam. It is supplied with four teachers, and the most progressive 
methods are employed. Number of pupils attending in each department, from 
40 to 50. The school is free to all Poland scholars, and the way is open for 
them to graduate here. The course covers three years in the primary depart- 
ment, four in the grammar, and four in the high. The high school has elective 
courses, English and classical. The classical comprises a preparation for 
college. The English gives more thorough drill in English branches and 
allows substitution of natural science, book-keeping, English and American 
literature, for the languages. Among those who have done good work for 

1 Ruel J. Everett, son of David R. and Harriet E. (Cobb) Everett, is one of the sons of Poland who 
has successfully devoted himself to teaching. He was born here December 8, 1852 ; his father being a 
native of Norway. Mr Everett was fitted for his educational work at Hebron Academy and Bates 
College, where he was graduated in 1876, and for nine years was principal of the Oxford Normal School 
at South Paris. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of Mt Mica Lodge, I. O. O. F. In 1878 
he married Annie L., daughter of James and Lucretia Curtis, of South Paris. They have a son, Philip 
R. Everett. 



Town of Poland. • 753 



Poland schools are F. A. Millett,^ E. F. Bradford, M.D., J. K. Denning, B. M. 
Fernald, F. E. Hanscom, W. W. McCann, F. D. Shackford, and C. J. Cheney. 

Civil List.— Tom)?i Clerks:'^ 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, Josiah Jordan; 1829, 1830, Timothy Water- 
house; 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, Amos Cummings; 1836, Daniel Harring; 1837, 1838, Sampson Soule; 
1839, David Dunn; 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, Amos Cummings; 1845, 1846, 1847, Freeland Marble; 
1848, 1849, George Bridgham, Jr; 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, David Dunn; from September, 1853, to March, 
1854, Cyrus Briggs; 1854, Stephen Gould; 1855. 1856, 1857, David Dunn; 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, Andrew 
J. Weston; 1862, 1863, 1864, Thomas Hillman; 1865, 1866, A. C. Denison; 1867,1868, A. T. Denison; 
1869, Charles Lane; 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, Zenas Lane, Jr; 1876, I. W. Hanson; 1877, 
1878, 1879, 1880, Charles Lane; from October, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 
1890, 1891, Zenas Lane. 

Selectmen: 1824 — John Cousens, James Twitchell, Wentworth Ricker; 1825 — Josiah Jordan, 
Daniel Waterman, Jr, William Stevens; 1826 — AVilliam Stevens, John H. Bartlett, Jabez True, Jr; 
1827, 1828— John H. Bartlett, David Harris, Nathaniel Dunn; 1829 — John H. Bartlett, Daniel Water- 
man, Jr, William Dunn; 1830 — Daniel Waterman, Jr, Reuben B. Dunn, Benjamin Waterhouse; 1831 — 
Reuben B. Dunn, Benjamin Waterhouse, Daniel Herring; 1832, 1833 — Benjamin Waterhouse, 
Zenas Lane, Moses Snell; 1834 — Zenas Lane, Joseph Freeman, Jedediah Pratt; 1835 — Benja- 
min Waterhouse, Daniel Waterman, Jr, William Maxwell, Jr; 1836 — Daniel Waterman, Jr, 
William Maxwell, Jr, Stephen M. Marble; 1837 — Stephen M. Marble, Joseph Freeman, AVilliam 
Stanton; 1838 — Stephen M. Marble, William Stanton, David Dunn; 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 — Benjamin 
Waterhouse, Eliphalet Davis, Joseph H. Snell; 1843, 1844 — Benjamin Waterhouse, John Megquier, 
Samuel Cousens; 1845 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Joseph H. Snell, Samuel Cousens; 1846 — Joseph H. 
Snell, Robert Martin, William Dunn; 1847 — Joseph H. Snell, Robert Martin, Samuel Cousens; 
1848 — Robert Martin, Samuel Cousens, Rufus Haskell; 1849 — Robert Martin, Stephen M. Marble, 
Daniel W. True; 1850, 1851 — Daniel W. True, William Cousens, James S. Gerry; 1852— Daniel W. 
True, George Bridgham, Jr, Benjamin AVaterhouse; 1853, 1854 — George Bridgham, Jr, Benjamin 
AVaterhouse, AVhitney Frank; 1855, 1856 — Thomas Lane, James H. Fernald, AA^illiam A. Tobie; 
1857 — Thomas Lane, James H. Fernald, Lewis Perkins; 1858 — Benjamin A\''aterhouse, John M. Allen, 
E. AV. Fyler; 1859 — Thomas Lane, AVilliam Cousens, Luther Perkins; 1860, 1861 — Thomas Lane, 
Luther Perkins, AVilliam A. Tobie; 1862 — Benjamin AA^'aterhouse, AVilliam A. Tobie, A. J. Weston; 
1863 — Luther D. Cobb, AVilliam A. Tobie, A. J. AVeston; 1864 — Luther D. Cobb, Isaiah AVentworth, 
A. J. Weston; 1865 — John R. Pulsifer, Thomas Lane, A. J. Weston; 1866 — Thomas Lane, A. J. 
Weston, James S. Gerry; 1867 — A. J. AVeston, Joseph McDonald, AV. AV. AVaterman; 1868,1869 — 
A. J. AVeston, J. S. Gerry, J. C. Davis; 1870, 1871 — John R. Pulsifer, Simon Libby, Peter R. Tileston; 

^Frank A. Millett was born in Hartford, April 28, 1844. He was the son of Lemuel T. (born in 
Peru) and Mary A. (Milliken) Millett (born in Scarborough). His grandfather, William Millett, was a 
resident of Auburn. He was the son of John, a Revolutionary soldier, and settled in (Bakerstown) 
Minot. This John was son of David, who settled in New Gloucester. David was the son of John, one 
of the proprietors of New Gloucester, and died in North Yarmouth, about 1785, and John was the son 
of Thomas, and Thomas was the oldest son of Thomas, the Englisii emigrant, who came over in the 
ship " Elizabeth," of London, in 1635, and Thomas was the son of Henry Millett, Gentleman, Attorney 
at Law, of Chertsey, Surrey county, England. Frank A. Millett married Lucy A. Faunce, November 
29, 1866. In politics he is a Democrat, and has for many years been recbgnized as a prominent factor 
in the councils of his party. In 1866 he was entrusted with the management of the State campaign. 
He has been identified in many popular movements in his village and town; conspicuous among which 
are the improvements in schools, the organization of the G. A. R., and the I. O. O. F., having received 
the highest honors in the G. A. R., and the three branches of the I.O. O. F. He is a Knight of Pythias. 
He attended the district schools of Hartford, Auburn, and Minot, where his parents resided. He 
also received an academical education at Kent's Hill and Hebron Academy, and when taking a college 
preparatory course at the last named place, he visited Stoneham, Mass., in the summer of 1864, and 
while there enlisted in Co. I, 4th Mass. H. A., and served until the close of the war. He has twice held 
a commisison of trial justice, resigning that office when he became postmaster of Mechanic Falls, 
March 24, 1887, which office he held until April, 1891. He resides on the Poland side. 

2 No record is attainable giving town officers before 1824. 



^ 



754 History of Androscoggin County. 

1872 — John R. Pulsifer, Simon Libby, W. W. Waterman; 1873, 1874, 1875— A. J. Weston, Luther D. 
Cobb, Jabez T. Waterman; 1876— A. J. Weston, Luther D. Cobb, Jesse B. Stanton; 1877 — Thomas 
Lane, John R. Pulsifer, V. P. Waterhouse; 1878 — Thomas Lane. V. P. Waterhouse, Charles L. 
Hackett; 1879 — V. P. Waterhouse, Charles L. Hackett, Orrin S. Keen; 1880, 1881 —V. P. Waterhouse, 
Orrin S. Keen, A. G. Thurlow; 1882 — A. J.Weston, L. D. Cobb, Leonard C. Herrick; 1883 — V. P. 
Waterhouse, L. C. Herrick, James H. Stanton; 1884 — V. P. Waterhouse, William M. Megquier, S. L. 
Littlefield; 1885 — L. C. Herrick, A. E. True, James D. Downing; 1886 — A. E. True, O. S. Keen, 
James I. Chipman; 1887 — V. P. Waterhouse, James I. Chipman, Charles E. Stevens; 1888 — James 
I. Chipman, S. I. Jewett, Francis Storer; 1889 — James I. Chipman, S. I. Jewett, John G. Davis; 
1890 — James I. Chipman, J. G. Davis, E. W. Jordan; 1891 — John G. Davis, E. W. Jordan, William 
Blair. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

HON. ADNA CURTIS DENISON. 



ACCORDING to Burke's "Book of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain," 
"The Denison family is unquestionably ancient, the name appearing in 
the Charter of King Malcom I, who died in 1165. The English Denisons 
are said to have sprung from a cadet of this ancient house, who went from 
Scotland in the time of Charles I, who fought at Marston Moor." The family 
is undoubtedly of Norman origin; members of this family fought in the 
Crusades, and were entitled to bear a "coat of arms"; the motto of the 
Denisons is Domus Grata. The American Denisons are descendants of William 
of England, who came, in 1631, in the Ship Lion, with his wife Margaret, and 
sons, Daniel, Edward, and George, and John Eliot, afterwards apostle to the 
Indians, who was a tutor to his sons. William Denison settled in Roxbury, 
Mass., was deacon, and died in 1653. George had two children born in 
Roxbury. His wife died in 1643, and he returned to England, served under 
Cromwell, was wounded at Naseby, and nursed at the house of John Borodell, 
whose daughter, Ann, he married. He returned to Roxbury, and subsequently 
settled at Stonington, Conn., where he was almost constantly placed in 
important public positions. His wife was always called "Lady Ann." They 
were remarkable for magnificent personal appearance and force of mind and 
character. Capt. George Denison was distinguished in the military movements 
of the times, and also active in civil affairs. He has been described as "the 
Miles Standish of the settlement." His oldest son, Capt. John Denison, held 
a high position and was a man of mark in Stonington. He married Phebe 
Lay. Of their children, William, the fourth son, resided in North Stonington, 
married Mary, daughter of John Avery. Avery Denison, their son, was born 
in 1712, married Thankful Williams, in 1734. Elisha, the oldest child of this 
marriage, married Keturah Minor; their children were born in Stonington, 
but they eventually removed to Ludlow, Vt. Isaac, son of Elisha, was born in 




^^ 



Town of Poland. 755 



1778. The descendants of Capt, George Denison intermarried with the 
Palmer, Cheseboro, Stanton, Williams, Babcock, Avery, and many other 
prominent families in Stonington and vicinity, and his posterity is numerous 
and honorable. Isaac Denison married Electra E. Newell, of Farmington, 
Conn., October 21, 1798. He was a pioneer settler of the town of Burke, 
Caledonia count}^, Vt, going there when a young man, and by his industrious 
labors developing a fine farm and a pleasant home from the forest wilderness. 
He died in Norway, January 9, 1867. His children were Nancy C, Almira, 
Lucius, Maria, Rev. Nathan, Rebecca N. (married Alonzo Bemis), Minerva C, 
Adna C, Oscar A., Isaac A. (married Laurestine Bemis, resides at Mechanic 
Falls), and Rosalie S. 

Hon. Adna Curtis Denison, son of Isaac and Electra E. (Newell) Denison, 
was born in Burke, Vt, November 1.5, 1815. He had common school and 
academic education, and when fifteen years old became a clerk in the store 
of Morrill & Denison, at Sutton (his father being a member of the firm), and 
remained twelve years, manifesting a peculiar aptitude for mercantile life. In 
1812, at the solicitation of his brother-in-law, Titus O. Brown, he moved to 
Norway, Me, opened a store at Steep Falls with E. W. Fyler and Clark W. 
True as A. C. Denison & Co., and in a short time wrought a revolution in the 
mercantile business of the Androscoggin Valley. He carried on trade in a 
different manner from former merchants, bought everything a farmer had for 
sale, inaugurated cash payments, transacted a vast business for years, and had 
a store at Auburn from 1845 to 1848. He was also largely engaged in supply- 
ing contractors on the Atlantic and St Lawrence R. R., at the head of firms at 
South Paris, Bethel, Gorhani, and Northumberland and North Stratford, N. H. 
He continued in this business until 1853. In connection with Dr Asa Danforth, 
Mr Denison built one of the first paper mills in the state at Norway, in 1848. 
He also had saw-mills, and every industry felt his influence. In 1851 Mr 
Denison turned his attention to Mechanic Falls, bought the old mill owned by 
Isaiah Perkins and others, and built the paper mill, now No. 1 of the Poland 
Paper Company. In 1855, with Sewall Danforth, he erected a paper mill at 
Duck Ponds, which he later purchased and removed to Meciianic Falls. From 
1856, when he made this place his home, he was the leading business element. 
In the development of paper manufacturing, in trade, in the erection of 
buildings, in the encouragement of other manufacturing, Mr Denison, more 
than all others, added to the growth and importance of Mechanic Falls, and 
continued the manufacture of paper until four mills and two auxiliary mills 
were in operation on the three dams here, with a daily production of 15 tons. 
About 1880 his company was among the first to manufacture chemical wood- 
pulp to use in paper making, building a large mill at Canton for this purpose, 
having a daily production of 12 tons. Mr Denison's son, Adna T., was 
associated with him in 1862 and thereafter in his various enterprises, as was 



756 History of Androscoggin County. 

also his son-in-law, Calvin M. Cram, for several years prior to 1883. Mr 
Denison was also prominent in the stock company that purchased and remodelled 
the large paper mill on the Farnsworth privilege, in Lisbon, which was burned 
shortly after its completion. 

Mr Denison married, September 13, 1838, Hannah, daughter of Thomas and 
Mary (Kennedy) True. She died March 28, 1881. Their children are Adna 
True and Fannie M. Adna T. married (1st) Sarah C. R. Welch ; they had 
one child, Frank VV.; (2d) Sarah W. Gunnison. They have three children: 
Ansel T., Adna C, Hannah A. Mr A. T. Denison resides in Portland. Fannie 
31. married Calvin Morse Cram, now president of Fowler Manufacturing 
Company, of New York City. Their childreu are Agnes Denison and Fannie 
Warren. Since 1872 Mr Denison has owned the Cousens farm, said to be the 
finest on the old stage road between Norway and Portland, and in 1880 he 
made his home here with his nephew, Adna D. Bemis, who conducts the farm. 
(Mr Bemis married Ellen M. Young.) 

Mr Denison has been an active Universalist in religion, and a Whig and 
Republican in politics. His extensive business operations prevented him from 
giving much time to public positions, but he has served with credit in both 
houses of the state legislature. He has won the respect and esteem of an 
extensive acquaintance ; while his courtesy and benignity, beaming from a 
face of kindliness, have made Lowell's lines as true of him as they were of 
Agassiz, that 

"Where'er be met a stranger, 
There he left a friend." 



Luther Perkins, son of Oliver and Sarah (Elmes) Perkins, was born in 
Oxford, May 9, 1817. He married, in 1841, Mary L., daughter of Captain 
Jonathan Waite, a retired sea-captain of Portland, who had purchased a farm 
on Johnson hill. Mr Perkins then made his home at West Poland, and at once 
commenced to deal in cattle and real estate, in which he has extensively 
engaged for many years. In May, 1888, he removed to Mechanic Falls. He 
has been much in public life; was selectman three years; representative in 
1871 and 1872; county commissioner in 1876, 1877, and 1878, and has been 
a justice of the peace for over 40 years. He has been prominent in society 
organizations — Masonic, Odd Fellow, Pythian, Patrons of Husbandry, etc., 
and is a public-spirited and generous citizen. He has two children, Alice 
(Mrs I. W. Hanson), and Kittie E. (Mrs J. M. Libby). 



Town of Minot. 757 



MINOT, 



CHAPTER XLIV. 

Incorporation — Boundaries — Name — Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valua- 
tion — First Settler — Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants — Early and Other 
Settlers — Incidents of Pioneer Life — Voters of 1800. 

MINOT was incorporated as the 129th town February 18, 1802, and was 
set off from the northern part of Poland with these bounds : " Begin- 
ning at the southeast corner of the town of Turner, at a place called 
the Crooked Ripples, in the Great Androscoggin River; thence by a line 
drawn on the middle of said river to the Great Falls ; thence by the line in the 
act which incorporates the said town of Poland, until it strikes the Little 
Androscoggin River; thence by a line drawn on the middle of said river, 
until it strikes the Little Androscoggin River; thence by a line drawn on the 
middle of said river, until it strikes the southerly side-line of Hebron, com- 
monly called Davis's line, to the soutliwest corner of Turner ; and thence by 
the line of said Turner to the bounds first begun at." It is said that the name 
selected by the petitioners for the new town was Rayraouth, but the agent 
(Dr Jesse Rice) caused Minot to be inserted in the act of incorporation, in 
honor of Judge Minot, a member of the General Court, who rendered effective 
assistance in the passage of the bill incorporating the town. Nathaniel C. 
Allen, Esq., was empowered to issue a warrant to some suitable citizen 
requiring him to call the first town meeting, and the act of incorporation 
specifies that all future taxes are to be levied on the two towns until a new 
valuation shall be assessed, in the proportion of one-third to Poland and two- 
thirds to Minot. February 24, 1842, that portion of Minot east of the ''curve 
line" was set off and incorporated as Auburn. The Mhiot line was "to com- 
mence four miles from the Androscoggin river and run parallel with that until 
it struck tlie Little Androscoggin river." 

Phydcal Features, Soil, Pojjulation, and Valuation. — Minot has no high 
elevations, but the surface presents an attractive series of undulations, making 
a variety of hill and dale, while along the many bends of the Little Andros- 
coggin bits of scenery come out that would please and gratify an artist. From 
the higher hills views of more than ordinary beauty are presented. The soil 
in most parts is a strong, rich loam, with proper care giving good returns to 
the agriculturists. It has many good water-powers that have been largely 
improved and brought capital and developed a large manufacturing centre at 



758 History of Androscoggin County. 



Mechanic Falls, where Minot shares with Poland in the increased advantages 
brought by manufacturing operations. Notwithstanding this, however, the 
increase of population has not made good the losses. In 1850 Minot had 1,734 
population; in 1860, 1,799; in 1870, 1,569; in 1880, 1,763; in 1890, 1,355. 
The valuation has largely increased, from 1297,184 in 1850 to $752,146 in 1890. 

Early Settlers. — Moses Emery, the first settler of Minot, moved to the 
north side of the river at Minot Corner in 1772 and was the chief adviser and 
aid of the later settlers, and it is quite evident that had not his home afforded 
them a temporary stopping-place, and his ferry the means of crossing the Little 
Androscoggin, the settlement of Minot would have been much retarded. 

Captam Daniel Buchiam and Descendants} — In May, 1778, Capt. Daniel 
Bucknam, Jr, with wife and eight children, moved from Sutton, Mass., and 
made a temporary abode with Moses Emery. Taking his two daughters, 
Phebe and Ruth, aged 22 and 18, they traveled five miles north into an 
unbroken wilderness, locating upon the interval made at the junction of Bog 
and Matthews brooks, at Hawkes pond, where he had purchased a square mile 
of land. Here, against a large, square rock, near a little brc^ok, by the road 
from Mechanic Falls to West Minot, on the Hawkes farm, 'they erected a 
covering of trees, beneatli which they camped two weeks, while they built a 
log house between the two brooks on the extreme southerly end of the high 
interval. He then moved the remainder of his family. The youngest were 
Shephard and Calvin, twins, six weeks old. His two stalwart girls built the 
first bridge across Bog brook, and helped him fell the trees, and clear the 
lands, and raise grain enough to meet the bare necessities of life. The next 
spring, exceedingly high water, surrounding his building, compelled him to 
build a house on higher ground, near the junction of the Oxford, Hebron, and 
Minot roads, where he subsequently built good, substantial farm buildings. 

He was the second inhabitant of Minot, and was 56 years old when he 
came. His nearest neighbor was Moses Emery, five miles away, through a 
dense forest, not even a path between them. The only living beings about his 
home were Indians, bears, and wolves. The corn and grain that he raised had 
to be pounded in a mortar, or be carried on his back 15 miles to New 
Gloucester to mill. At one time, not returning at the usual time, nor even 
late in the night, Phebe and Ruth took his trail through the woods in search 
of him. When they arrived near Pottle hill, they found him fallen down, with 
the bag of meal lying across his neck, unable from exhaustion to extricate 
himself. He must have died where he had fallen had not his brave and faithful 
daughters rendered him timely aid. (It was years after this when Gen. John 
Bridgham built the first grist-mill at West Minot.) Continental money 
becoming worthless, he was unable to pay for all his land, but retained four 

iBy J. A. Bucknam. 



Town of Minot. 759 



farms, known as the Shephard and Calvin Bucknam, and Hawkes and Bearce 
farms, which a change of town lines places in two towns, Miiiot and Hebron. 
During the Revolutionary War, Daniel Bucknam (being too old to enter the 
regular army) was chosen captain of a company of minute-men. He was a 
very large and muscuhir man, brave and loyal to his country, a great lover of 
jokes, and teller of stories. It was customary in those early times, about once 
a year, to "tackle up the horse and go to the west'ard" (Massachusetts), and 
pay a visit to their old neighbors and report what had transpired in the 
"District of Maine," and on their journey. At noon of the first da}' of his 
trip, he called at a country tavern (it might have been at Rickers) to bait his 
horse and eat his lunch. On entering the large bar-room, the big wood fire 
was entirely surrounded and every chair filled. No one moved to give him a 
place. He was terribly cold, so he said, " Gentlemen, I have in the shed a 
very wonderful horse. His head is where his tail ought to be, and his tail is 
where his head ought to be." All left their seats and rushed to the shed and 
found the horse turned exactly around in the shafts, contentedly eating his 
provender from the front end of the cart. They immediately saw the joke and 
returned and found the joker comfortably seated before the fire. They were 
so well. pleased that they passed the grog freely. 

Captain Bucknam was a famous farrier and horse breaker, and a great 
lover of horses. When on his death-bed he requested that liis favorite horse 
be led before the door that he might bid him farewell. He married, first, 
Miss Gould, by whom he had 16 children ; all died in youth except Phebe and 
Ruth. He m., second, a Miss Boydeu; he had three sons and three 
daughters. His oldest son, Daniel, 18 years old, was killed while felling a tree, 
leaving him dependent for help on his two oldest girls who could wield an ax 
equal to the best of men. They were gigantic in size, and it was said that 
Phebe could lift a barrel of cider into a cart, and raise it up on her knees and 
drink from the bung-hole. Phebe m. a Johnson, and was given a farm in 
Hebron for being the first white woman to live in the town. She m., second, 
a Tucker, of Dixfield, and third, a Seavey. Her children were enormously 
large and bony men and women. Her descendants are numerous in Dixfield, 
and are among its most respectable citizens. Ruth m. Mr Hawkes and settled 
on the original square mile in Minot. They had 11 children attaining 
maturity. They were very large and strong, and all, save one, raised large 
families. Shephard., the oldest twin, about 1800, m. Betsey Randall; they had 
eight children; all except one lived to old age. About the same time, Calvin, 
the other twin, m. Judith Bearce, by whom he had a daughter. He m., second, 
Zilpha, the oldest daughter of Deacon William Barrows, of Hebron, who was 
the founder of Hebron Academy, and one of the main pillars of the Calvinist 
Baptist Church. He spent his life fostering these institutions, and died at a 
ripe old age of 83, poor in purse, but rich in character. This is true riches — 



760 History of Androscoggin County. 

he could take it with hiin ; the other is always left for children to quarrel over. 
Calvin Bucknam had, by his second wife, Zilpha Barrows, Calvin, Sarah, Hope, 
Eleanor, Joseph, Worthy, Zilpha, William B., Rebecca, Josiah A. [See sketch.] 
Calvin m. Laurinda Twitchell; they had one son and two daughters. Sarah 
m. Deacon Joseph Barrows, of Hebron ; tliey have one daughter living, Mrs 
S. C. Howe. Ho})e m. Lorenzo Merrill; they had five boys and four girls; 
four of the boys helped put down the Rebellion; one gave his life; all but 
two are now living. Eleanor m. Lewis Monk. Joseph m. Eunice Harris; they 
had two boys and four girls; all but one now living. Worth i/ m. Lucy Howard. 
Zilpha m. Ezra Mitchell. William B. died, unmarried, in Missouri. Rebecca 
m. C. C. Cushman ; they had nine children; four are living. Calvin's third 
wife was Mrs Olive Hathaway, b}'^ whom he had one son, Hamlin, and one 
daughter, Olive Elizabeth, who married, first. Col Alexander Ryerson, of 
Sumner; second, Leavitt Hanson. The son was the first volunteer from 
Mechanic Falls in the Civil War. He returned a captain, but maimed for 
life. He married Rachel Brown and has two children. Nearly three per 
cent, of the present citizens of Mechanic Falls on the Minot side are descend- 
ants of Calvin Bucknam, Sr. He had 83 descendants; 56 are now living, 
and mainly in the vicinity of Mechanic Falls. Capt. Daniel Bucknam 's 
younger daughters, Rebecca, m. Mr Dudley and had three children; Judith, 
m. Levi Beard ; they had three children. Daniel Bucknam had 22 children, 
56 grandchildren, and the probable number of his progeny now living is more 
than 500. All of his family that he brought to Maine, and his grandchildren, 
with very few exceptions, lived to a good old age. He died in 1809, aged 87 
years. His wife died 10 years after at about the same age. At one time they 
had 40 grandchildren living on the original mile square, the children of Ruth, 
Lucy, Shephard, and Calvin. The farms owned by Shephard and Calvin are 
now owned by their descendants. 

In the immediate vicinity of the Bucknams, settled the Dwinal, Crooker, 
Pottle, Currier, Woodman, Bridgham, Mood}^, Atkinson, Lowell, Atwood, 
Harris, Chase, Hawkes, Bearce, and other families. Nearly all had numerous 
children, and have many descendants now in the town, among the most 
reliable and enterprising citizens. 

Early Settlers. — Samuel Shaw made a clearing about two miles above 
Emery's settlement, in 1776 or 1777, built a log house, to which he brought his 
wife, in 1778, from Hampton, N. H. He died, June 4, 1827, aged 78. His 
brother Levi soon settled on an adjoining lot, and in quick succession many 
others located. According to S. W. Shaw, Henry Sawtelle settled on the 
Jackson place, Israel Bray, Jr, on the Emery place, Israel Bray on the Little- 
field place, John Herrick on the Quimby place, and Edward Jumper on the 
Rice place. In 1777 John Hodge located on the J. W. Hodge place. Job 
Tucker on the Nathan Downing place, Solomon Walcott on the Wm Hackett 



Town of Minot. 761 



place, Edmund Bailey' on the A. M. Pulsifer place, James Toole on the G. P. 
and W. B. Merrill place, Stephen Yeaton on the place where C. D. Jasper 
lives, Stephen Yeaton, Jr, on the place now occupied by George H. Butler. 
Bradbury hill was settled this year by Moses and Benjamin Bi-adbury, Amos 
Harris, and David Dinsmore, each felling an acre of trees on four adjoining 
lots at Ross's Corner. In 1778 John Leach settled on the S. G. Pulsifer place, 
and Edward Hawkes near Hebron line. In 1780 John Coy, John and David 
Millett, who had made clearings and built houses in 1779, on Bradbury hill, 
brought their families for a permanent settlement. Coy settled on the Wells 
place, David Millett across the road, and John Millett where John M. Harris 
now resides. Benjamin Clifford on the Poole place. John Kowe and Zebulon 
Harlow on places adjoining. Mr Shaw says that nearly all these settlers had 
large families, making a much more densely populated neighborhood at its 
first settlement than in later years. All were originally from Gloucester, Mass., 
but later from New Gloucester. In 1780 also was made the first settlement on 
Woodman hill by John Allen from Gloucester, and Ichabod King from Kings- 
ton, Mass. With the close of the Revolution came hither many officers and 
soldiers, and settlements were made much more rapidly, and in various parts of 
the town. In 1781 Captain John Bridgham and his sons. Ensign John, Joseph, 
and Willard, came from Carver, Mass., and located at West Minot. Ensign, 
later Captain, John settled where L. B. Atwood lives, Joseph on the Joseph 
Crooker place, and William where the brick house stands on the William 
Lowell place, his father making his home with him. In 1782 Pottle hill was 
settled by Joseph, Noah, John, and Robert Waterman, from Halifax, Mass. 
Noah'^ located on the Abner Chase lot, Joseph across the road, John near by, 
and Robert, the place now owned by M. M. Pottle. Aaron, Amos, and Jacob 
Dwinal came the same year, Aaron locating where G. W. Currier lives, Amos 
where S. R. Pottle passed his life, Jacob on the place where John Ridley lives. 
Isaac Currier, Abner Chase, Moses and William Pottle came in 1782 or 1783, 

^Edmund Bailey was a sea-captain, who came from Cape Anu. His sou, Samuel, aud Jane 
(Landers) Bailey were both natives of Minot, and their son, Edmund L. Bailey, was born in that town 
in 1827, aud was brought up on the farm, and has been in business as a butcher and cattle broker for 
many years. He is a Universalist in his religious preferences, a Republican in politics. He was one 
of the selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor of Minot in 1867-68-69, 1871-72-73-74-75-76, 
1884-85-86, and 1888; has been a member of the Masonic order for 30 years, and is one of Minot's 
prominent and respected citizens. 

-He was a Revolutionary soldier aud married Mary Ellis. He removed to East Hebron; in 1810 
came to the northeast corner of the town, and with his sons, Jonah, Lodowick, Noah, and Ellis, 
bought lands of Wm Francis and Wm Allen. The place is still called the Waterman neighborhood. 
Jonah m. Pamela Record; Alvan, of East Auburn, is their son. Lodowick, who bought of Allen, died 
in 18(iO, aged 71. He m. (1) Prudence Dillingham (daughter. Prudence, m. Simeon Fitz, and the last 
makers, Ira W. and Amos, of Auburn, are their sons); (2) Mary Shaw, of Plymouth Mass. (Ira T_ 
Waterman, their son, inherited the home place, m. Mary A., daughter of Noah and granddaughter of 
Alpheus Drake. Children: Charles E., Herbert B., Elbert D., AVillard H., George W.); (3) Polly 
Larrabee. 



762 History of Androscoggin County. 

the two latter settling where is now the poor-farm. Elias Davis and William 
Harris settled the Patch place, from which they were ejected, in 1789, by the 
Bakerstown proprietors. In 1784 came Joseph Leach to the J. E. Washburn 
place, and William, Davis, Samuel Verrill, and Samuel Verrill, Jr, all settling 
not far distant. Hither also, in 1785, Dr Jesse Rice, the first physician, came, 
an educated and useful citizen. In 1785 came True Woodman to Woodman 
hill, whither soon followed him, from New Gloucester, Isaiah and John Wood- 
man. This has been one of the strong families of the town, many of the later 
generations holding prominent positions in society. Seth Sampson, Eliab 
Washburn, and others from Bridgewater came later. The early settlers in the 
Hersey hill section were Samuel and Chandler Freeman, who came from 
Duxbury in 1783. They built a log house on what is still called the Freeman 
place, and were joined, in 1784, by their father, Joseph Freeman. Jonathan 
and Peabody Bradford came, in 1783, with the Freemans, Peabody locating 
on tlie H. C. Briggs place, and Jonathan on the W. F. Perry place, where, it 
is said, he built the second framed house in Bakerstown. The young settlement 
was soon increased by Jonathan Chandler, his sons, Nathaniel, John, Reuben, 
Ichabod, Avira; Enoch Freeman, Samuel Paul, Major Nathaniel Nash, Thomas 
Gurney, Zebulon Davis, James, Noah, and Amos Hersey, and others, making 
a strong and compact settlement. Most of those last mentioned were from 
Abington, Mass. The settlement by 1790 was so well advanced that the 
various neighborhoods were no longer isolated and separated from each other, 
but were connected by roads and communication was easy. The fertile soil of 
the new land 3aelded abundantly, vacant lots were rapidly taken up, schools 
and religious meetings were established, log houses were being exchanged for 
commodious frame houses, in some cases by brick ones, and wealth and pros- 
perity were following the poverty and hardships of pioneer life. The county 
roads, opened between 1785 and 1790, one from Buckfield to Portland over 
Hersey and Centre hills, and another from Paris to Portland over Pottle hill, 
brought good communication for all parts of the town with the sea-coast, and 
by the opening of the nineteenth century all the requisites of a fully-developed 
civilization were in existence, and the wild animals and aboriginal inhabitants 
had given place to herds of cattle and sheep, and decorous, industrious Christian 
people. 

Smmiel Verrill., of Welsh ancestry, came from Cape Ann to New Glouces- 
ter ^bout 1760, and later to Bakerstown, locating near Centre Minot. He was 
an eccentric man in many ways ; one was in being strictly free from debt. 
His favorite and oft-repeated motto was, "Owe no man anything, but love one 
another." He died in 1821, aged 90. He had four sons, Samuel, Davis, 
William, Daniel, and six daughters. Samu<d'^ m. a Prince, according to tradi- 
tion was town clerk 27 years, and on his final settlement with the town could 
give no explanation of an apparent deficit of three cents. He had 11 children 



Town of Minot. 763 



and has descendants in Minot. Davis settled where Dr Saunders now lives. 
He had SamueP (lived on west side of Taylor Pond), Ezekiel, Davis, Eunice, 
Lucretia, Emma, and Elizabeth. Williatn lived in Hardscrabble. Among his 
children were William, Stephen (m. Louisa Haskell. Dexter W. and Jabez 
are their children), Ebenezer, Hiram, Reuben, Davis, Levi, all of whom have 
descendants in Auburn and Minot. Samuel'' has children now living, Charles, 
Alden J., Lucretia (Mrs Charles Terrill). 

John Milleff, fourth in descent from the emigrant, the line being Thomas,^ 
Thomas,^ John,'' married Mary Woodhouse, and resided in Gloucester, Mass. 
He was born in 1730, and was a ship-master, and was accidentally killed on 
board his ship at the West Indies. His family moved to Minot, where many 
of the children married. Molly m. John Coy; Eunice m. Deacon Moses 
Bradbury; Susannah m. first Adam Royal, second, Peter Buck, of Norway; 
Elizabeth m. Deacon Chandler Freeman ; John m. Martha Sawj'er, of Crorliam ; 
Solomon m. Elizabeth Dinsmore ; Nathaniel m. first Susannah Parsons, second, 
Martha Merrill. 

Hon. William Lowell was born in Buckfield, October 30, 1803, and died in 
Auburn, September, 1889. His parents settled in West Minot in 1804. His 
older brother, James, was a prominent early merchant of Lewiston. His 
brother, Stephen, was a leading citizen of Sangerfield. All three were active 
Whigs and later Republicans, and served in the state senate in 1853-4. 
Children of William were: S. A. Lowell (see Bench and Bar) ; W. G. Lowell, 
a member of the firm of Atwood & Lowell, in Auburn ; a daughter, Mrs 
Perkins, resides in Minot. 

The Cary family of this county descend from John Cary, who came from 
Somersetshire, England, to Duxbury as early as 1(339. Ephraim Cary, born at 
Bridgewater, married Anna Hill in 1809, and soon after came to Minot with 
his father, Ephraim, who died in 1828, aged 80. 

Captaivi William Ladd was born in Portsmouth, and was graduated from 
Harvard College with distinction in 1791. He was a merchant, commanded 
his own ship, carried on trade with Russia, and accumulated wealth. In June, 
1814, at the age of 36, he removed to Minot Corner, and became a farmer. 
He delivered addresses, lectures in behalf of the Peace Society, and published 
essays and numerous books for children to counteract the military spirit. 
Though the advocac}^ of the doctrines of peace was his life-work, yet his 
money and his voice were always ready to promote the good of the community 
in which he lived. He died in Minot in 1841, aged 63, universally lamented 
and respected. William Willis says of him, "He possessed an ardent and 
sanguine temperament, indomitable courage and perseverance, while his spirit 
was so calm and self-poised that no sneer, or sarcasm, or bitter reproach could 
ruffle it, no opposition disturb or divert him from the course of duty and 
philanthropy he had prescribed himself." 



764 History of Androscoggin County. 



Eliab Washburn,' son of Capt. Joseph Washburn, was born in Bridge water, 
Mass., April 15, 1740. He married, in 1762, Anna, daughter of Elijah Edson. 
In 1789 they came to Minot, where they bought 100 acres of one Rowe, the 
place where Joshua Sawyer now lives. Of their ten children Joseph (born 
December 3, 1769, died March 30, 1858), Anna (born 1774, m. Wm Childs), 
Olive (born 1777, m. John Coy), Marshall (born 1780), and Ruth (born 1782), 
were some time residents of Minot. About 1814 Mr Washburn and wife 
became members of the family of their daughter, Ruth (Mrs James Murdock), 
on Brighton hill, Hebron, where he died May 27, 1818, and his wife November 
2, 1821. Mrs Washburn was one of the original members of the First Church 
of Bakerstown, and one of the original members of the Second Congregational 
Church of Minot. Mr Washburn was a soldier in Capt. James Allen's 
company in Col John Bailey's regiment in the Revolution. 

Joseph, son of Eliab Washburn, was the fourth child in a family of ten. 
The two oldest died young, and as the father was in the Revolutionary army 
and received no pay (like so many soldiers at that time) Joseph was early 
taught the value of labor. He went to school but three weeks after he was 
old enough to study arithmetic, but acquired its knowledge by his own 
reasoning and calculating powers. He was apprenticed to a carpenter in Bridge- 
water and did not come to Minot until 1790. He remained over a year, then 
worked at his trade in New York and Georgia. He was married in Stamford, 
now Darien, Conn., to Polly Waring, in 1796. (She died November 10, 1862.) 
A year later they came to permanently reside in Minot. Joseph found his 
father in trouble. Like many other early settlers, he must pay |6 per acre for 
the farm which he had supposed he already owned, or lose it. Joseph helped 
his father pay for the land, and influenced Mr Little to procure for him a deed 
of another 100 acres in consideration of having paid for an improved farm. 
This land extended over Goff Hill, Perry ville, Fossville, etc., in Auburn. 
July, 1802, Joseph received of Josiah Little a deed of a lot where Joseph 
Leach had made improvements, and adjoined his father's farm. He paid Mr 
Leach for his improvements, and lived in the Leach house until November, 
1807, when his new house, now standing, was occupied. A few years later he 
came into possession of the 100-acre lot in Auburn, wliich he sold about 1818 
for (|6 per acre. He received pay in money for 70 acres, and for the rest was 
paid only 12 chairs, a bureau, and a table, which served as a part of the 
wedding outfit of one of his daughters. Joseph Washburn and his brother, 
Marshall, married sisters and lived on adjoining farms, Marshall on the S. J. 
M. Perkins place, and as they were both housewrights they used often to work 
together. They built the Edward Little house in Auburn, the John Harris 
and S. J. M. Perkins houses in Minot, and others in various localities. Joseph 

1 We are indebted to Miss Lizzie E. Washburn for these interesting incidents and family history. 



Town of Minot. 765 



often walked 12 miles with his tools on his back, and then did his day's work. 
He made the greater part of the pumps used in town, and many in the towns 
around. He made every wheel and the wooden parts of nearly every farming 
tool used on the place, and many for the next generation, and when a marriage 
was to take place "Uncle Joe" was the one most often called upon to make 
the bride's furniture. He was a Congregationalist, a stanch Whig, and a 
pensioner of the War of 1812. He was a man of good principles, great 
industry, and considerable sternness, but could appreciate a joke and always 
had a good story to fit the case in hand. He had his own style of argument, 
illustrated by this incident. A neighbor had brought a sleigh to his brother, 
Marshall, to be repaired. When he came to take it home he cried in dismay, 
"You've sp'ilt my sleigh! You've cut off the hind studs so they're no higher 
than the forrard ones!" "Well, they ought not to be higher," said Marshall. 
" Yis, they had ; it makes a sleigh go a good deal easier to have the hind studs 
the longest." They were in the midst of the argument when Joseph came in. 
"I'll leave it to Joe if 'tain't so!" cried the neighbor. "Yes," said Uncle Joe, 
with his moderate emphasis, "you make the hind studs half as high again as 
the forward ones and the sleigh will go as easy again, and if they are as high 
again the sleigh will go itself." "I swear 't don't make ner diff'rence!" 
exclaimed the neighbor, and went home satisfied. 

James Edward Washburn (son of Joseph) lives at Minot Centre, in the 
house in which he was born October 10, 1810, and on the farm formerly owned 
by his father.^ At the age of 1(3 he went to Massachusetts to learn the 
carpenter's trade of his brother Charles. He remained eight years, and came 
once with his brother and others of the family on a visit to Minot. They rode 
in a covered carriage, but snow coming before they started back, the brothers 
went to the woods, and, finding a young birch with the right curve at the root 
to fit their wheels, they split out some runners, had them shod, and fastened 
them under their carriage wheels. This arrangement worked well with one 
exception, — other travelers on catching sight of it would forget to turn out. 
In December, 1834, he came home and remained, taking care of his parents 
until their death, and giving his attention to farming. Once on a part of the 
farm which had not before been cultivated he raised 75 bushels of the finest 
rye from If bushels. One kernel fell among the corn near by and produced 90 
heads. In politics Mr Washburn has been Whig and Republican. He is a 
Congregationalist, and has been deacon since 1854. May 12, 1838, he married 
Martha Howard, daughter of Deacon Charles Briggs, of Auburn. They had 
five daughters and one son : Mar}^ Martha, Nancy Maria, Elizabeth Edwards, 
Adelia Lockwood, and John Marshall. The latter died at the age of seven 
years. Mary married Edgar H. Deering, of Portland, May 10, 1882. Nancy 

iHis sister Mary (Mrs Ebenezer Ayer) also settled in Minot. 



766 History of Androscoggin County. 



Maria married Charles Henry Moody, of Minot, November 19, 18G5, and died 
November 28, 1876, leaving two sons, John Marshall and James Edwards. 

In 1810 Eliab Washburn, of Belchertown, Mass., came to Minot in the first 
wagon ever seen in this vicinity. About 1817 Joseph Washburn made one for 
himself, and some for sale. No wheels were used here before that date. 
James E. remembers hearing old Mr Sampson say: "Some men will tell how 
much they can mow; others how much they can rake; but the main thing is 
to get the hay on to the sled." In January, 1811, at the age of three months, 
James W. Washburn rode to New York City, with his parents, in a sleigh 
which his father had made the previous year, and on which he had put a 
canvas top, painted black. This sleigh is still in use, though the canvas 
top was laid aside on coming home from that journey. They were two 
weeks in reaching their destination, and three weeks coming home. The 
sleighing was poor on the way home, and one set of steel runners was worn 
out and another procured on the way. In 1820 David Lyon, with his wife, a 
sister of Mrs Joseph Washburn, came from New York City to Minot in a 
chaise. It was the first covered wheeled vehicle seen in this locality, and 
attracted much attention. Mrs Eliab Washburn, of Minot, was a woman of 
some education, and wrote for publication. She was good at drawing and 
possessed of considerable ingenuit3^ When the color of figures in her dress 
offended her taste she painted them over, and when Joseph's hat gave out, and 
there was no money to buy another, she made him one of paper and blackened 
it with soot. In pleasant weather Joe hoed his corn in as good looking a 
hat (at a little distance, at least,) as any boy wore, but when a rain came on 
he tucked it under his arm and ran for the house. 

Minot was early found on the side of temperance. April 7, 1828, Rev. E. 
Jones, William Ladd, and Josiah Little were appointed a committee to draw 
up some resolutions on the subject of temperance, but even the foremost in the 
cause for a time went feeling their way along. At a temperance meeting held 
in Minot Centre meeting-house in 1829 the president. Rev, Elijah Jones, stated 
that he had not fully made up his mind that total abstinence would be best. 
It was not long, however, before he did arrive at that conclusion. Another 
minister used to say that he " thought men ought to have a little rum when 
mowing on a wet meadow." At one time when Esquire Noyes was about to 
raise a small farm building he sent for Joseph Washburn and his sons to help. 
When they reached the place he said : " I've bought some rum, and it's 
generally customary to take it after the building is raised; but there are only 
a few of us, and it'll make us a little stronger to lift, so I guess we'll drink it 
now." Still another neighbor, while making a speech at a Fourth of July 
temperance meeting, said : "I think cider does me good. My blood is natu- 
rally sluggish, and cider kind of enrages me." 



Town of Minot. 767 



Voters in 1800. —John Allen, John Atkinson, Peris Andreivs, Daniel and John Alden, 
Capt. John, John, Jr, Samuel, Joseph, Willard Brklgham, Stephen and Ichabod Benson, 
William B., Israel, Israel, Jr, Daniel Bray, Edmond and David Bayley, Jonathan Bartlett, 
Gideon Bearce, Benjamin Butler, Daniel, Calvin, Shephard Bucknani, Benjamin Clifford, 
Merrill and Edmund Chase, John Campbell, Squire and Job Casivell, William Child, John 
Garr, William Chipman, Joshua, Isaac, Thomas Crooker, William Cordwell, Joseph and 
Gushing Daivs, Zadoc Dean, Jacob, Aaron, Amos, and Jonathan Divinal, Lt Samuel, 
Samuel, John, Thomas Bownitu), Zebulon, Jr, Davis, Simeon Dennen, Moses, Moses, Jr, 
Emery, John and Samuel Glover, John_Go'W£l, John Goodivin, James Goff, Moses and 
Elijah Hackett, William and Nathan Haskell, John Hodge, Hatevil Hall, John and Joseph 
Herrick, Benjamin, Joshua, Joseph Hutchins, Nathan Hanson, Edward Haivkes, James 
and James, Jr, Hodgkins, James Hill, Moses and Joseph House, Henry Jackson, Job and 
Benjamin Lane, Michael Little, Joseph and John Leech, Abiel Lapham, Ichabod King, 
John Q. and Seth Keith, Reuben Merrotv, Samuel and Samuel, Jr, Morgan, Elias and Jabez 
MerriU, Isaac, Uriah, Nathan, John, Richard Nason, Nicholas Noyes, William Numan, 
James Perkins, Levi Perry, James and Alpheus Packard, James Parker, Moses, Moses, Jr, 
Richard, William, William, Jr, Pottle, Samuel Pulsifer, Diminick Row, Jesse Bice, Dennis 
Ryan, Samuel and Levi Shaiv, Samuel and William Sivett, Jacob Stevens, David and 
Nathaniel Small, Lt Nehemiah Sawtell, Stephen Safford, Seth Sampson, Benjamin Toms, 
David Triill, John True, Samuel, Samuel, Jr, Davis, William Verrill, Solomon Woolcott, 
Michael Wilcomc, True, John, Isaiah, William Woodman, Eliab, Mauasseh, Joseph Wash- 
burn, Davis Woodward, Stephen, Stephen, Jr, Samuel, Joseph Yeaton, Christopher Young, 
John Coy, George Erskine, James Jeivett, Isaac Britt, Moses Snell, Moses Judkins, Thomas 
Brown, Aaron and James Bird, John and George Townsend, Thomas Knoivlton, Nathaniel 
Daily, Samuel Andrus, Ichabod Runnels, Joseph Currier, Samuel Knight, Benjamin 
Peterson, Simeon Noyes, Benjamin and Philemon Hubbard, Nathan Cutler, James Harloiv, 
Jonathan and Lemuel Nash, Benjamin, Parker, Alpheus Drake, Thomas Lombard, Charles 
Ford, John Gardner, Robert Hillburne. 

The early settlers had great trouble in securing titles to their land, not 
knowing of whom to obtain it. Some were ejected from their holdings, some 
after long and expensive litigation held under the homestead act, others again 
bought peace and possession by paying a high price. For full statement of 
the controversy, see Bakerstown. . 



768 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER XLV. 

Town Records, Happenings, Etc. — Miuot in the War — Civil List — Churches — 
Schools — Physicians. 

TOWN RECORDS, Happenings, Etc.— 1802, April 5, the first town- 
meeting was held in the school-house near Levi Shaw's, warrant issued by 
Nathaniel C. Allen, Esq., of New Gloucester, to Nicholas Noyes, of 
Minot. First selectmen, Nicholas Noyes, Win Briggs, and John Chandler; 
first treasurer and town clerk. Chandler Freeman; committee to settle accounts 
with Poland, Doctor Jesse Rice, Ichabod King, and Samuel Shaw. May 3 
meeting was held at the house of Deacon James Perkins. Voted to raise a sura 
of money for the use of the destruction of the crows ; 12 cents and 5 mills on the 
head ; the selectmen shall receive the heads and burn them, and give orders on 
the treasury for the bounty. Voted to buy two palls to cover the dead. Voted 
to raise i50 for the use of the town. 1803, May, voted to build a pound near 
Nicholas Noyes's ; that the poor shall be put up at vendue ; not to build a 
meeting-house, and not to send a representative. 1804, April 6, at the Con- 
gregational society's meeting-house, "Voted to build a bridge near Nason's 
mills with Poland." 

1806, December 29, First town meeting in the Centre moeting-house. Samuel Verrill 
was chosen to succeed Chandler Freeman as town clerk. 1809, at the first meeting to 
choose representative, there were 34 candidates. Doctor Seth Chandler had 112 votes out 
of 308. There seems to have been no political division. The town was almost wholly 
Democratic. 1812, political divisions begin between Democratic and Federal parties. 
1814, April 4, Jacob Hill, Esq., (the first lawyer) was chosen town agent. "Voted to 
choose a committee to go to Dr Snell (then living at Winthrop), for advice for the disorder 
(typhus fever), increasing in the town." In May, Godfrey Grosvenor removed to Minot 
from New Gloucester, and in June William Ladd removed from Portsmouth, N. H., to 
Minot. About this time, many influential men changed their politics from Democratic to 
Federal. July 4, an oration at the Centre meeting-house by Wm Ladd, and a public dinner 
in a grove near Marshall Washburn's. 1816, May 20, voted on separation of Maine from 
Massachusetts, ayes 89, noes 108. September 16, chose Godfrey Grosvenor and Wm Ladd 
delegates to the constitutional convention at Brunswick, if there should be five-ninths of 
the voters of Maine in favor of a separation. 1819, July 26, voted on the separation 
question, ayes 100, noes 95. Chose Chandler Freeman and Asaph Howard (Democrat) 
delegates to a convention for forming a constitution for the State of Maine. December 6, 
voted to accept the constitution of Maine, ayes 57, noes 13.' 1820, April 3, Asaph Howard 
(Democrat) chosen representative to new General Court at Portland. May 26, a remarkable 
snow-storm, apple trees in blossom, sleighs out. August 24, a fast on account of the extra- 
ordinary drought. October 9, first hard frost this year. 1825, May 5, a violent snow-storm. 
1826, May 15, heat at 90 degrees at 5 p.m. 1827, June 23, Universalist Society formed. 
1828, December 9, ground open and ploughing done. 



Town of Minot. 769 



Statistics of Minot, 1825.'— School-houses 20. Grist-mills 6. Falling mills 2. Bark 
mills aud tanneries 3. Carding machines 2. Number of inhabitants (by census of 1820) 
2,525. Number of tamiiies 402. Social libraries 4. Number of acres of land 34,760. 
Meeting-houses 4. Post ofQces 4. One Congregational society, Rev. Elijah Jones. One 
Baptist society, Elder G. Ricker. One Methodist society. Rev. Moses Emery. One other 
Congregationalist, partly in Eebron, destitute. One other Baptist, partly in Hebron, Elder 
0. Tripp. One or two Free Will Baptists. One tract society, one missionary society, Con- 
gregational. One tract society. Baptist, two associations, auxiliary. Two foreign missions, 
one Sabbath school society. One lodge of Free Masons. One lawyer, three ministers, four 
physicians, and four or five men of liberal education, three tavern keepers, about ten shop 
keepers. 1830.— Taxable polls 494. Inhabitants 2,908. 25 paupers; expense of their 
support $530.07. Dwelling-houses 392. Barns 424. Stores for sale of merchandise 8. 
Tanneries 3. Work-shops and out-buildings over $20 value 169. School districts and 
school-houses 22. Grist-mills 6. Saw-mills 9. Clapboard machine 1. Shingle machines 
5. Sugar-box machines 1. Clothing mills 2. Acres of tillage land 1,211. Tons of upland 
hay cut 2,652. Acres of pasturage 4,061. Barrels of cider made 892. Horses and colts 
477. Horned stock over 1 year 2,802. Sheep, native, merino, and mixed, 1 year old 6,686. 
Meeting-houses 4. Over 200 members of the United Congregational church. There has, 
been another TJniversalist society formed since the first. There is no regular Universalist 
preaching. About 80 male members, including those out of town. About 85 members of 
the Methodist church. A number of Free Will Baptists. No Quakers or Roman Catholics, 
no professed infidels. 

1836, April 23, the selectmen fixed the territory of the several militia companies. 
Hiram Churchill, Robert Martin, William B. Merrill, and John Townsend were the com- 
manders. 1837, voted Daniel Briggs, Jr, agent to receive the surplus revenue, and Nathan 
L. Woodbury, Daniel Briggs, Jr, and William Lowell, Jr, to loan in sums not exceeding 
$100. William Ladd, Daniel Briggs, Jr, and Moses Emery were chosen to remonstrate 
against the admission of Texas into the Union. 1841, April 20, dividing the town on the 
" curve line," the vote was yeas 226, nays 222. September 20, the representative was 
instructed to oppose the division of the town. 1842, January 10, at a special meeting 
called to consider the division of the town, a motion to procure the formation of a new 
town from the eastern part of Minot and a part of Danville was voted down, 157 to 111. 
Voted to oppose the annexation of a part of Minot to Danville, and action was taken to 
oppose the division. February 12, one more attempt was made to gain the town's consent 
but defeated 305 to 216. 1843, November 26, " voted to insist upon prohibiting the sale of 
all ardent spirits in violation of the laws of this state." 

1844, November 24, the line between Minot and Auburn was perambulated. November 
11 voted to build a town-house near Atkinson's Corner, the selectmen to purchase a site 
and make contract to build the house inside of one year, and to use the old town-house in 
any way they might think best. 1845, March 7, the selectmen were instructed not to 
license any persons to sell spirituous liquors except for medical and mechanical purposes. 
Voted to receive Jabez C. Woodman's books for a town library, the town clerk to keep the 
library and lend out one book at a time to any voter, to be returned in five weeks. 1846, 
March 30, Daniel Freeman, Asa Bearce, Jr, and Isaiah Woodman were chosen to purchase 
a town farm. 1847, March 1, $600 was voted toward paying for the town farm. 1848, 
March 13, $500 raised towards the town farm. 1849, March 12, voted to enforce the law in 
regard to the sale of liquors and the maintenance of bowling alleys. 1851, April 7, a vain 



1 Given by William Ladd. 



770 History of Andkoscoggin County. 



attempt was made to move the town-house to Mechanic Falls. 1853, February 15, "Voted 
to instruct our representatives and request our senators to oppose the petition for a new 
county. 1854, October 2, for shire-town Auburn had 255 votes, Lewiston 27, and Danville 2. 
1856, September 8, Hannibal Hamlin had 260 votes for governor, Samuel Wells 129, and 
George F. Patten 11. 1858, June 7, Minot gave 156 votes (all cast) for the prohibitory law. 
1859, October 24, the line between Minot and Hebron was perambulated. 1860, March 12, 
the selectmen were instructed to sell the town farm and property connected therewith, at a 
fair price. 

1865, September 11, voted to fund the town debt, payable in equal installments from 
one to ten years with annual interest. 1867, June 3, Minot voted unanimously, 114 votes, 
for another amendment to the liquor law. 1869, March 8, the selectmen were authorized 
to sell the town house. 1872, March 11, voted to exempt manufacturers' buildings costing 
$5,000, whose annual production shall be $25,000, from taxation for 10 years. 1873, Sep- 
tember 8, S. W. Shaw, Marshall Jordan, and L. B. Attwood were chosen to co-operate with 
the supervisor in establishing a free high school. September 8, Nelson Dingley, Jr, had 
192 votes for governor, Joseph Titcomb 105, Benjamin F. Butler 2. 1879, March 10, voted 
$25 for Decoration Day expenses. 1880, November 4, the Hebron and Turner lines peram- 
bulated. November 13, Oxford town line perambulated. 1883, William Lord, aged 93, 
died. He was a pensioner of the War of 1812 and the oldest man in town. 1884, Septem- 
ber 8, voted 241 for, 51 against, the prohibitory amendment to the constitution. 1888, 
March 5, the selectmen were instructed to build a lock-up at Mechanic Falls, either alone 
or in connection with the town of Poland. 1891, voted to raise $3,000 in money for high- 
ways, $2,000 for schools, $500 for culverts and bridges, .$25 for Memorial Day, $1,500 for 
poor, $600 for town oflflcer's bills, $500 for text-books, $800 for a free high school, $1,000 
to pay indebtedness, $800 to pay interest, $1,000 to build a bridge at Hackett's Mills in 
conjunction with Poland. 

Minot in the War. — The call to arms met with a prompt response. The 212 men 
credited to the town come from 206 men, six re-enlisting; 133 were residents of the 
town. Nearly $50,000 was paid out for expenses, $43,590 going to pay bounties. 1861, 
June 1, the town voted $50 to defray expenses of raising a company at Mechanic Falls; 
also to aid families of any citizens of Minot who enlist in the company, and that if any 
soldier from Minot die in service, his body be brought home at the town's expense. 1862, 
July 23, voted $100 additional bounty to the state bounty to fill quota. August 23 voted 
a bounty of $20 to fill the town's quota of nine-months' men, and $80 additional bounty if 
the quota be filled by enlistment. September 8 voted to furnish supplies to soldiers' 
families, and to pay $100 bounty to fill quota. 1863, March 2, voted $500 to furnish aid 
to the families of volunteers ; also to pay no more bills for bringing home deceased soldiers. 
November 21 voted to pay $305 bounty, and to pay drafted men $100 bounty. 1864, 
March 7, ratified the doings of the selectmen relating to bounties and recruiting. August 
20 voted to give a town note for $300 for the bounty in the last call for troops. 1865, 
January 2, selectmen were authorized to fill the quota for the town's best interest, and to 
hire the money, and February 14 they were authorized to pay the same bounties to drafted 
men as to volunteers — $300 for one year, $400 for two years, and $500 for three years. 

Civil List. — Among the early selectmen were Nicholas Noyes, Michael Little, Amos Hersey, 
Isaac Crooker, Enoch Perkins, Willard H. Woodbury, Otis Nelson, N. L. Woodbury, Edwards E. 
Hawkes. Chandler Freeman was the first town clerk. He was succeeded in 1806 by Samuel Verrill, 
and he in 1833 by John B. Lane. 1836— John B. Lane, clerk; Barnabas Hackett, Enoch Littlefield, 
Wm Crooker, selectmen. 1837— John B. Lane, clerk; Daniel Briggs, Jr, Barnabas Hackett, Asa 
Bearce, Jr, selectmen. 1838— John B. Lane, clerk; Calvin Bridgham, Asaph Howard, Enoch Little- 
field, selectmen. 1839— Peter Noyes, clerk; Daniel Briggs, Asa Bearce, Jr, Wm Lowell, Jr, selectmen. 



Town of Minot. 771 



1840 — Peter Noyes, clerk; Daniel Briggs, "Win Lowell, Jr, George Ricker, Jr, selectmen. 1841 — Peter 
Noyes, clerk; Asa Bearce, Jr, George llicker, Jr, John B. Lane, selectmen. 1842— Peter Noyes, clerk; 
John B. Lane (Wm Lowell from November), Asa Bearce, Jr, Albert Valentine, selectmen. 1843 — Joshua 
Parsons, clerk; Asa Bearce, Jr, Peter Noyes, Wm Crooker, selectmen. 1844 — Joshua Parsons, clerk; 
Asa Bearce, Jr, Isaiah Woodman, Ezekiel Verrill, selectmen. 1845 — Joshua Parsons, clerk; Asa 
Bearce, Jr, Isaiah Woodman, Samuel F. Waterman, selectmen. 1846— Joshua Parsons, clerk; Wm 
Parcher, Gerrish Bridgham, Jacob Dwinal, selectmen. 1847 — Wm Lowell, clerk; Peter Noyes, 
Nathaniel Cushman, Wm Dale, selectmen. 1848 — Wm Lowell, clerk; Peter Noyes, Nathaniel Cush- 
man, Joseph Bucknam, selectmen. 1849 — Wm Lowell, clerk; Joseph Bucknam, Asa Bearce, Jr, 
Roscoe L. Attwood, selectmen. 1850 — Albert Valentine, clerk; Asa Bearce, Jr, Sullivan Woodman, 
Alexander B. Dwinal, selectmen. 1851 — Wm Lowell, clerk; Wm L. Bbnney, Sullivan Woodman, 
George Deane, selectmen. 1852 — Josiah Carr, clerk; Calvin Bridgham, Jonathan C. Hawkes, Cyrus 
King. 185.3 — R. W. Carr, clerk (J. A. Bucknam from July 18); Jason Hall, J. D. Pulsifer, Charles 
Moody, selectmen. 1854 — A. B. Dwinal, clerk; Jason Hall, Charles Moody, J. E. Washburn, select- 
men. 1855 — A. B. Dwinal, clerk; Joseph Bucknam, Isaiah Woodman, William P. Bearce, selectmen. 
1856 — A. B. Dwinal, clerk; Joseph Bucknam, William P. Bearce, S. W. Shaw, selectmen. 18.57 — O. B. 
Dwinal, clerk; William P. Bearce, Stillman W. Shaw, William Moore, selectmen. 1858 — O. B. 
Dwinal, clerk; Stillman W. Shaw, Joseph Bucknam, Jason Hilborn, selectmen. 1859 — O. B. Dwinal, 
clerk; A. B. Dwinal, Jason Hilborn, Thomas Cushman, selectmen. 1860 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; 
A. B. Dwinal, Joseph W. Chase, Samuel D. Hodgkins, selectmen. 1861 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; 
Joseph W. Chase, Samuel D. Hodgkins, Edwards G. Hawkes, selectmen. 1862 — Gideon Bearce, clerk 
Joseph W. Chase, William P. Bearce, John W. Clark, selectmen. 1863 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; 
William P. Bearce, Sullivan Woodman, Jason Hall, selectmen. 1864 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; Sullivan 
Woodman, F. H. Cobb, Benjamin Verrill, selectmen. 1865 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; William P. Bearce, 
Jacob T. Chandler, Luther B. Atwood, selectmen. 1866 — Lyman M. Cousens, clerk; Joseph Bucknam, 
Stillman W. Shaw, Sullivan AVoodman, selectmen.. 1867 — Lyman M. Cousens, clerk; Stillman W. 
Shaw, Sullivan Woodman, Edmond L. Bailey, selectmen. 1868 — W. B. Bucknam, clerk; William 
Lowell, J. T. Chandler, Edmond L. Bailey, selectmen. 1869 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; William Lowell, 
J. T. Chandler, E. L. Bailey, selectmen. 1870 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; William Lowell, S. J. M. 
Perkins, William A. Tobie, selectmen. 1871-1872-1873-1874- Gideon Bearce, clerk; William Lowell, 
S. J. M. Perkins, E. L. Bailey, selectmen. 1875 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; S. J. M. Perkins, Oliver B. 
Dwinal, J. W. Hodge, selectmen. 1876 — Gideon Bearce, clerk; S. J. M. Perkins, E. L. Bailey, J. W. 
Hodge, selectmen. 1877-1878 — Thomas B. Swan, clerk; Oliver B. Dwinal, Gideon Bearce, Marshall 
Jordan, selectmen. 1879 — Thomas B. Swan, clerk; Marshall Jordan, Gideon Bearce, E. L. Bailey, 
selectmen. 1880 — Thomas B. Swan, clerk; Marshall Jordan, John Richardson, George B. Atwood, 
selectmen. 1881 — W. B. Bucknam, clerk; Gideon Bearce, P. R. Cobb, N. P. Downing, selectmen. 
1882-3— C. H. Dwinal, clerk; Gideon Bearce, P. R. Cobb, N. P. Downing, selectmen. 1884 — C. H. 
Dwinal, clerk; Gideon Bearce, N. P. Downing, E. L. Bailey, selectmen. 1885-1886 — C. H. Dwinal, 
clerk; Gideon Bearce, F. M. AVoodman, E. L. Bailey, selectmen. 1887 — C. H. Dwinal, clerk; R. P. 
Rounds, O. N. Bailey, John H. Foss, selectmen. 1888 — C. H. Dwinal, clerk; S. J. M. Perkins, F. H. 
McDonald, E. L. Bailey, selectmen. 1889-1890 — C. H. Dwinal, clerk; S. J. M. Perkins, F. H. 
McDonald, A. R. Giddinge, selectmen. 1891 — C. H. Dwinal, clerk; F. H. McDonald, S. M. Bean, A. 
C. Pulsifer, selectmen. 

Congregational Church} — The first record we have of public worship in 
Bakerstown was in 1784, at the house of Chandler Freeman. His father, 
Joseph Freeman, and wife came that year and conducted religious services. 
The inhabitants of Minot generally attended. In 1786 Rev. Mr Foxcroft of 
New Gloucester, Rev. Mr Gilman of North Yarmouth, and Rev. Mr Williams 
of Falmouth occasionally preached. In 1791, through the efforts of Rev. 
Wait Cornwell, missionary from Connecticut, the first revival was promoted; 
and September 8 the first Congregational church was gathered, with 39 mem 

iWe are indebted to Miss Lizzie E. Washburn for valuable assistance in preparing this article. 



772 History of Androscoggin County. 

bers: Joseph Waterman, Joseph Freeman, Jonathan Chandler, James Shaw, 
Job Cushman, Isaac Cushman, Nathaniel Chandler, Samuel Pool, John Row, 
Noah Harsey, True Woodman, Jonathan Gurney, John Chandler, Chandler 
Freeman, Amos Harsey, Thomas Gurney, Joseph Bradbury, John Millet, 
Moses Bradbury, James Harsey, James Dunham, Benjamin Bradbury, Isaac 
Allen, Rebecca Chandler, Ruth Chandler, Olive Shaw, Anne Washburn, Mary 
Row, Mary Bradford, Mercy Harsey, Rebeckah Bisby, Caroline Freeman, 
Eunice Bradbury, Ruth Seabury, Elenor Bradbury, Mercy Chandler, Ruth 
Harsey, Abigail Pool, Salley Cobbet. The council met at Mr Jonathan Brad- 
ford's, Rev. Samuel Foxcroft and Peleg Chandler of New Gloucester, Deacon 
John Southworth of North Yarmouth, Rev. Alfred Johnson of Freeport, and 
Rev. Wait Corn well composing it. 1791, November 30, the first church meet- 
ing was held at Chandler Freeman's. Joseph Freeman and Moses Bradbury 
were chosen deacons, and Noah Hersey " leader in the worship of singing." 
1792, May 12, Deacon Joseph Freeman died, aged 65, and his son Chandler 
was chosen. 1798, December 11, Rev. Jonathan Scott came from Nova Scotia, 
and held religious services for some months, but went back in May, 1794. 
During his stay he persuaded the people to build a church, going from house 
to house, and into the forest to assist in felling the timber, and in June, 1794, 
a meeting-house was built near Reuben Chandler's residence, afterwards S. A. 
Thurlow's. In September Rev. Mr Scott came again, and in October promised 
the people in writing that he would settle among them. His salary was -fS 
for each Sabbath's preaching, but nothing for expenses. In 1795, May 1, Rev. 
Mr Scott arrived with his family, and by a covenant dated April 18, 1796, 98 
persons agreed to his support, and gave him a call to settle as pastor. This 
call, accepted May 28, was on a salary of £65 and the land allowed for the 
first settled minister. (The land was never obtained.) Mr Scott said: "Know 
for certainty that I never shall nor will enter any law process against you as a 
society, or any individual of you, on the strength or bond of that covenant, 
and I do hereby forever put it out of the power of my heirs, administrators, 
or assigns to do it while I live or after my death." He was installed July 27 ; 
council: Rev. Samuel Eaton of Harpswell, Rev. Tristram Oilman, North 
Yarmouth, Rev. Alfred Johnson of Freeport. 

1804, September 8, the proprietors held a meeting "for building a meeting- 
house near the centre of the town of Minot." September 27 the town voted 
"not to build a meeting-house in the centre of the town, and not to build two 
meeting-houses." November 27 the town consented to the incorporation of a 
Congregational society ; ayes 54, nays 29. 1805, May 29, the East meeting- 
house was raised, and July 3, the Centre meeting-house was raised. Mr Scott 
had always opposed the building of the latter, and it was only after repeated 
solicitation that he consented to make the prayer, which gave great offense 
to the proprietors of the house. In July Mr Scott requested a dismission, and 



Town of Minot. 773 



made a request in writing, assigning as his reason the building of the Centre 
meeting-house by a part of his church and society, to which, especially the 
location, he urged strong objections. August 21 an ecclesiastical council was 
convened, and the next day, at the "West meeting-house," Mr Scott laid before 
it a long written memorial of his grievances, etc., and it was voted unanimously 
to dissolve the pastoral relations; nevertheless he continued to preach and 
acted as moderator of church meetings. 1806, June 26, fourteen members 
were set off to form a separate church [see Second Church]. July 7, and 
October 20, subscription papers were drawn up, promising Mr Scott $145. 
August 15 the First Church gave Mr Scott a call to become pastor, which he 
formally accepted Sunday, October 26. November 12 an ecclesiastical council, 
consisting of Rev. Messrs Eaton, Herrick, Mosely, and Gillet, installed "Rev. 
Jonathan Scott over the First Congregational Church, worshiping in the East 
meeting-house." 1807, February 8, Rev. Mr Scott's house was burned with 
his youngest son. The parish then gave the old meeting-house to him, and 
moved it to the site of his former house. The church records were also 
destroyed. Dr Jesse Rice and John Staples Ciafts were chosen deacons. 
(They both died early in 1815.) 1819, Rev. Jonathan Scott died, October 15, 
aged 75, in the 51st year of his ministry, and the influence of his strong and 
Christian nature j-et lingers in the atmosphere of the homes where his pastoral 
visits so often brought comfort and consolation. 

Efforts to reunite the churches were successful, and in the fall of 1821 it 
was unanimously resolved, "That it is expedient that the two Congregational 
churches in this town be united in one," and committees chosen to revise the 
articles of faith, and to draft new ones. October 18, at a meeting of the two 
churches. Rev. Elijah Jones present, "Voted, to accept the articles of faith and 
the covenant submitted by the committee," and adopt the name " United 
Congregational Church." 1822, January 1, the new society of 100 members, 
legally organized, gave Mr Jones a call to settle as pastor, with $300 salary, 
without a parsonage ; Mr Jones not accepting the call, William Ladd offered a 
small parsonage, and February 12, 1823, Mr Jones was ordained pastor at the 
East meeting-house. May 4 the "United Church" held its first communion, 
with 37 resident and 13 non-resident members, and 23 more members were 
received during the year. 1824, 17 members received. 1826, June 14, Cum- 
berland Conference held its meeting in the Centre meeting-house. 64 persons 
were received into the church, 600 communicants sat down to the Lord's table, 
1,500 were present. 102 persons were received into the church this year. 
1828, April 7, the society chose a committee, of which Rev. E. Jones and Wm 
Ladd were members, to draw up resolutions on temperance, which were passed 
in church meeting June 2, the first public action of the society in sympathy 
with this great moral movement. December 1, Josiali Little, Esq., was chosen 
deacon in place of Chandler Freeman, resigned on account of age. The 



774 History of Androscoggin County. 



United Society continued to flourish under the ministry of Mr Jones, until 
May 1, 1844, when the eastern portion, now having its interests in the new 
town of Auburn and numbering 86 members, was organized as West Auburn 
Congregational Church. [See page 665.] 

Second Congregational Church. — In 1806 the dissensions in the church and 
society, on account of building the Centre meeting-house, increased, and seven 
males and seven females signed a request to be formed into a " distinct Gospel 
Church," on account of their living in the west of Minot, and the inconvenience 
in attending worship in the east. These persons were of those who were 
engaged in building the Centre church. Their request was granted June 26, 
and communicated to them in a certificate signed by Mr Scott, as moderator, 
dated July 1. This church was formed October 15, 1806, by an ecclesiastical 
council composed of Rev. Jacob Herrick and James Hubbard, of Durham, Rev. 
Elisha Mosely, Moses Merrill, and E. Mason, of New Gloucester, Rev. Daniel 
Weston and Moses Humphrey, of Gray. It was voted to receive these persons 
as members: Moses Bradbury, Isaac Allen, Davis Variel, Samuel Variel, Jr, 
John Row, Benjamin Butler, Nathaniel Chandler, Eunice Bradbury, Anna 
Washburn, Ruth Seabury, Marcy Chandler, Keziah Chandler, Olive Chandler, 
Sarah Row, John Chandler, Ichabod Chandler, and "acknowledged them as 
the Second Congregational Church in Minot." Moses Bradbury was chosen 
first deacon and moderator; Isaac Allen, second deacon; Samuel Vareal 
(Verrill), clerk. Others were afterward dismissed from the First Church to 
join this one. In January, 1811, the church endeavored to effect a recon- 
ciliation with the mother church, but in vain. A meeting of committees from 
both churches was held January 9, with no apparent result. January 23 the 
second church invited the first church to reconciliation, but it was not effected. 
February 27, 1811, Rev. William Pidgin, the first pastor, was installed by a 
council, consisting of Rev. Messrs Mosely, Herrick, Weston, Miltimore, Smith, 
Creasy, and delegates. There had been but few additions to the church since 
organization. August, 1814, an unsuccessful effort was again made for 
a reconciliation of the churches. 1819, August 4, Rev. Mr Pidgin was dis- 
missed, and, December 5, the church sent a communication to the First Church, 
on the subject of a union, which brought favorable results and a union. Rev. 
Mr Jones continued as pastor of the Minot Centre Church after the organiza- 
tion of the West Minot church (which left 121 members in the mother church) 
until his death in 1869, at the age of 78 years. He was a native of Wrentham, 
Mass., an earnest, discreet, and pure-hearted man, who labored intensely and 
continuously. During his pastorate of 46 years here nearly 500 members were 
added to the church. There has been no settled pastor since Mr Jones. 
From November 21, 1869, to November 21, 1870, the pulpit was supplied by Rev. 
John K. Deering. Rev. Joseph Smith, from October 8, 1871, to June 27, 1875. 
Rev. F. E. Emrich, during September and October, 1875. Rev. Ira G. Sprague, 



Town of Mlnot. 775 



from September, 1876, to July 29, 1877. Preston B. Wing, summer of 1878. 
John B. Carruthers, from June 8, 1879, to September 14, 1879. Rev. 
Lauriston Reynolds, from September 21, 1879, to July 26, 1885. Rev. Lewis 
J. Thomas, from September 20, 1885, to the present time. When without a 
preacher the house of worship has rarely been closed. The late Deacon S. W. 
Shaw rendered very efficient service in keeping the pulpit supplied. Some- 
times the supply was from Bates Theological School. In 1876 the Y. M. 
C. A. of Auburn held several meetings here, and in the summer of 1885 the 
Praying Band of Auburn did the same. When nothing better could be 
obtained the people listened to the reading of a sermon by one of the church 
members — usually Deacon Shaw. 

The deacons up to 1854 had been Chandler Freeman, Isaac Allen, Samuel 
Pool, Josiah Little, Harvey Stetson, James Dinsmore, and Peter Noyes. In 
the church books, under date of March 6, 1854, is this by Rev. E. Jones: 
"Church meeting at the pastor's house. Chose brethren John C. Rice and 
James E. Washburn assistant deacons. Dea. Allen now being 97 years old ; 
Dea. Stetson lame ; Dea. Noyes, moved out of town, and having no horse, is 
apt to fail us." J. C. Rice died March 4, 1864, but no steps were taken to 
supply the vacant deaconate until April 10, 1869, when James E. Washburn 
was chosen 1st deacon; Stillman W. Shaw, 2d deacon; Merrill Davis, 3d 
deacon. Deacon Shaw died January 11, 1888. J. E. Washburn and Merrill 
Davis are still in office. February 8, 1888, Deacon J. E. Washburn was 
chosen clerk and treasurer, and still acts in both capacities. 

The West Minot and Hebron Conr/ree/ational Church was organized October 
8, 1802, with 13 members. Its first pastor was Rev. Henry Sewall, ordained 
October 12, 1802. The first deacons .were Reuben Packard, and Isaac Cush- 
man, succeeded by Moses Allen, Samuel Bradford, and Caleb Barrows. The 
first meeting-house at West Minot was built in 1811. It was taken down in 
1855, and rebuilt as a union house. 

Free Baptists. — The doctrines taught by Benjamin Randall, the founder 
of this faith were early brought to Minot. Its most prominent advocate in 
early days was Rev. Jonathan Tracy, eldest son of Rev. Christopher Tracy, of 
Durham, where he was born in 1782. He was converted when 16, and soon 
coming to Minot was active in Christian work. In 1812 he, with 12 others, 
joined the Danville and Poland F. W. Baptist Church. He was ordained in Feb- 
ruary, 1828, and thereafter labored extensively as an evangelist and was a settled- 
pastor in Lewiston, Minot, Poland, Danville, Mechanic Falls, Auburn, Sabattus, 
and other places. He baptized nearly 800 converts, was an early advocate of 
temperance, and a denouncer of slavery. He was esteemed and beloved, and 
died at Wales, January 24, 1864. From his day the Free Baptists have been 
in existence, sometimes with a regular pastor, and often, as now, without one. 
About 30 years ago, many of the leading men of Minot were members of this 



776 History of Androscoggin County. 

church. In 1847 this church joined in building the union meeting-house at 
Mechanic Falls. Its interest in it was sold to the Baptists in 1889. 

Baptist Church} — The first Baptist Conference was held at Mechanic Falls 
in the autumn of 1855. During the following year preaching was sustained 
one-fourth of the time, Kev. A. K. P. Small supplying. The church was 
organized September, 1857, and Isaac C. Bumpus was chosen clerk. A council 
of recognition was called, October 27, 1857. There were 41 original members : 
Joseph Bucknam, Eunice Bucknam, Edmund Chase, Joseph W. Chase, Mary 
Ann Chase, Nabby Chase, Anna Chase, S. and L. B. Chase, Comfort Crooker, 
Judith Crooker, Russel B. Andrews, Isaac C. Bumpus, Benjamin Merrill, 
Nizalla Merrill, Sarah G. Moore, Nancy Woodman, Laura Record, Zilpha B. 
Mitchell, Elvira Merrill, Mary Bearce, Polly B. Hawkes, Ebenezer Drake, 
Harmony Drake, Lucy Chase, Alden Chandler, Peter R. Dennen, Clarissa 
Dennen, Sarah Dennen, Hannah Hayes, Lydia C. Holbrook, Patience Staples, 
Esther Knight, Sarah Holmes, Sarah J. Coy, Hannah Barton, Isaac Barton, 
Rebekah Barton, Sally Thayer, Elbridge G. Coy, Betsey Milliken ; 40 have 
since been baptized into its membership, and there have been 138 members 
in all. In July, 1858, R. B. Andrews and Eben Drake were chosen deacons. 
Subsequently A. B. Dwinal, Joseph Bucknam, S. Woodman, Gilman Thayer, 
and S. U. Hawkes have served in that capacity. The first clerk has been 
followed by A. B. Dwinal and J.S. Merrill. The pastorates have all been short, 
and quite a portion of the time the church has been without a pastor, uniting 
in the support of other preaching. After Rev. A. K. P. Small, Dr Adam Wilson 
was pastor ; then Bro. Sweat, who was followed in time by Rev. Abner 
Merrill. A. C. Herrick preached in 1866, L. P. Gurney in 1867, and J. R. 
Langridge in 1868-69. In 1872 Bro. R. Denham supplied, and June 28, 1878, 
J. S. Studley was ordained and served the church about one year. In 1886 
Rev. C. E. Horden was called to supply for a while. Under his supervision the 
church bought out the interest of the Free Baptists in the meeting-house which 
the two churches had occupied together on Pleasant street, remodelled and 
repaired the old church at a cost of over $3,000. It was re-dedicated June 2, 
1888. In September, 1888, Rev. W. H. Clark was called to the pastorate, and 
continues in that relation. 12 have been added to the church since he came. 
The present membership is about 46. The church sustains a good Sunday 
school and regular religious services, and is interested in all the beneficent 
work of the denomination, as well as the great moral reforms of the day. 

Methodist Episcojml Church?' — Mechanic Falls was made a station b}^ the 
Maine Annual Conference at the session held in Lewiston, April 27, 1859. 
Rev. J. C. Perry was appointed pastor of the charge. Before this the church 
had been a part of Poland circuit, and services had been held in the Union 

iBy Kev. W. H. Clark. 2 By Rev. Charles F. Parsons. 



Town of Minot. 777 



Church, owned by Free Baptists and Methodists. While Rev. Ezekiel 
Martin was pastor of the Poland circuit, in 1857 and 1858, he paid special 
attention to the church at Mechanic Falls, and an extensive and gracious 
revival resulted from his labors. When, in 1859, Rev. J. C. Perry became 
pastor, the society commenced the erection of a church edifice. In the follow- 
ing year, during the pastorate of Rev. Jas McMillan, the church was finished 
and the dedication sermon preached by Rev. H. B. Ridgeway. In 1861 Rev. 
Kinsman Atkinson was pastor; 1862-63, Rev. J. C. Perry; 1864, Rev. John 
W. Woodbury, 1865-66', Rev. Wm H. Foster ; 1867-68, Rev. John Gibson ; 
1869-70, Rev. Joseph Hawkes; 1871, Rev. J. C. Fletcher; 1872-74, Rev. 
Daniel Waterhouse. The parsonage was built in 1872. In 1875-77 Rev. W. 
B. Bartlett was pastor. On April 1, 1877, the church was burned. Work was 
at once commenced on a new church building, and the next January services 
were held in the vestry. In 1878 Rev. J. H. Trask was pastor; in 1879-80, 
Rev. H. Chase. The new church was finished and dedicated in 1880, sermon 
by Rev. A. S. Ladd. In 1881-83 Rev. David Church was pastor ; in 1884, Rev. 
W. S. Jones; in 1885-87, Rev. G. F. Cobb; in 1888-90, Rev. C. E. Springer. 
The membership of the church, Ma}^, 1891, is 104. Rev. C. F. Parsons is the 
present pastor. 

Schools. — Private schools were kept in several places before any provision 
was made b^' the town. Of the early teachers were Samuel Shaw at the 
Centre, Master Bray on Bradbury hill, John Chandler and his sister on Hersey 
hill, where Abner Chase also taught many winter terms. The first public- 
school teacher was Nathan Hanson. In 1803 it was voted "to raise $600 for 
schools," and April 6, 1804, "to number the children on the first day of May, 
and all over four years of age to draw an equal proportion of school money." 
The amount raised for schools was increased -flOO yearly until it reached 
Sil,000. In 1825 there were 20 school-buildings in Minot; five years after, 22 
and as many districts. School district No. 1, located at Mechanic Falls, was 
organized in 1831. The first male teacher was George Tewksbury, who taught 
in the winter of 1831-2. A Mr Harris taught in the winter of 1832-3, and 
William A. Tobie in 1833-4. J. D. Pulsifer, in 1835-6, had 40 scholars. The 
school-house was then located on the site of the Pleasant street school-house. 
Morris B. Walker, Frank H. Hall, Miss Sarah Bucknam, and Miss Frances A. 
Millett taught a number of terms before the Union district was formed. 
March 22, 1867, E. G. Hawkes, A. C. Denison, A. T. Denison, O. W. Hawkes, 
William Childs, J. A. Bucknam, E. M. Thurston, D. S. Perkins, and J. S. 
Merrill petitioned Justice S. F. Waterman to call the first meeting for the 
Union school district (formed from No. 1 in Minot and No. 20 in Poland) for 
the transaction of business. The meeting was held March 30, at the Pleasant 
street school-house, and elected Joseph Bucknam moderator, and E. G. Hawkes 
clerk and agent. Voted that school districts No. 1 of Minot and No. 20 of 



778 History of Androscoggin County. 

Poland be called the Mechanic Falls Union school district. Rev. A. G. 
Gaines, J. M. Eveleth, M.D., Alanson Briggs, and A. T. Denison were elected 
to grade the schools. At a meeting held April 15. 1871, A. T. Denison was 
chosen clerk, Rev. Zenas Thompson agent, and O. B. Dwinal, A. C. Denison, 
C. S. Richardson, George Moore, and D. B. Holt were chosen a committee " to 
see about building a school-house for the Union district that would accom- 
modate 350 scholars." They reported April 27, and Nathaniel Cushman, J. S. 
Gerry, O. B. Dwinal, O. B. Moore, and Alanson Briggs were appointed the 
building committee. June 24 the site of the brick school-house was located 
by a vote of 94 in favor of present site and 83 for the pine-tree lot in Poland, 
and the school-house was erected at a cost of 18,863.85. In 1873 S. W. Shaw, 
Marshall Jordan, and L. B. Attwood were chosen a committee to co-operate 
with the supervisor of schools in establishing a free high school in the town. 
The school was established, has been heartily supported, and it stands in the 
front rank of educational institutions of its grade. At the annual meeting, 
1887, H. E. Thurston was chosen clerk, and Frank A. Millett agent, and it 
was voted to raise $500 for high school. March, 1888, F. O. Purington was 
elected clerk, and F. A. Millett agent. On account of the vote of the town 
of Poland dissolving the Union district, this closed the affairs of this district, 
except to pay a debt of about $2,000 on the brick school-house, which was 
raised at a special meeting, April 7, 1888. There are now 11 school districts. 
The number of different pupils registered in school from April, 1880, to April, 
1891, was 295. F. H. McDonald was supervisor in 1890. F. O. Purington is 
the present supervisor. Lizzie E. Washburn, daughter of Deacon James E. 
Washburn, has been a prominent teacher, closing her fiftieth term of school in 
June, 1891. Official reports say of her: "By natural endowments and a good 
education Miss Washburn is happily adapted to her work as an instructor of 
youth. Dignified and kind in manner, decided though mild in government, 
she secures a good degree of studiousness and order among her pupils. 

Physicians. — Dr Jesse Rice established himself in Minot in 1795, and was 
the first practicing physician. He died in 1816. Br Seth Chandler, of Dux- 
bury, Mass., was an early physician at the Centre, and had a large practice. 
He died in 1839. Dr Joseph Keith was in town prior to 1817. Br Jesse Miles 
practiced medicine at Minot Corner several years. He was succeeded by Dr 
Christopher Toby for four years. Br Charles Millett, an able physician, was 
his successor. He subsequently removed to Lewiston. Br Josialt Carr, 
born in Hebron, February 6, 1814, was a resident physician at Mechanic Falls 
for nearly 40 years. He was a graduate of Bowdoin Medical School, and 
surgeon in the late war. He died August 12, 1873. Br Elijah G. Heath, a 
native of Vermont, practiced in Mechanic Falls from 1885 to 1890, when he 
died, aged 70. He was a very successful homoeopathic physician. G. M. Cohb, 
M.B., is a son of Dr Albion and Louise A. (Stockman) Cobb. His father was 



Town of Minot. 779 



a skillful physician and surgeon ; his mother, an eminently successful teacher, 
taught over 50 terms. Dr Cobb has an extensive practice, and is recognized 
as a physician of ability. Br Charles Tohie is now located here. 



CHAPTER XLVI. 

By J. A. BucKNAM. 



Mechanic Falls — Minot Corner — West Minot — Some of Minot's Principal Farmers 
from 1840. 

MECHANIC FALLS. [See page 736.]— About 45 years after the first 
white man came to Minot to make it his home, the second generation 
discovered that Bog Falls was a valuable water-power, and that it ought 
to be utilized, that the country adjoining needed an unfailing power to make 
its flour and meal and to saw lumber for building. It was in 1823 that Isaiah 
Perkins, his brother Luther, and Capt. James Farris^ of Hebron, had the 
courage to enter that wilderness and to build a saw-mill on the Poland side of 
the river. In a few years this mill was burned, and another, with a box-mill 
attached, was built, owned in part by a Mr Smith from Portland. This, also, 
was soon burned. A double saw-mill was built on the same place, which 
remained until A. C. Denison and E. W. Fyler purchased it, in 1850 or 1851, 
with the water-power on the Poland side. It was run by them until 1867, 
when it was taken down and the brick paper-mill built on its site. 
Soon after the building of the saw-mill a shingle mill was built by Asaph 
Churchill, and a clapboard mill on the Minot side. A little later, Isaiah 
Perkins erected a grist-mill, much needed by the community. These mills 
called for mill men, and the first man to respond and build a house and move 
in his family was Dean Andrews. This house was built in 1823, very near, if 
not on, the spot where O. B, Dwinal's house now stands. His son, Isaiah, was 
the first child born there. Old Doctor Jacob Tewksbury, from No. 6 in 
Hebron (now Oxford), was called upon to introduce the young gentleman into 
the world. The night was stormy and dark, and nt)thing but a logging road to 
follow, so it took a brave man to force his way through, but the old doctor 
was a plucky old gentleman, and not to be cheated out of his to fee, which was 
probably paid in refuse shingles. His bitter experience led him to name the 
town "Jericho," by which name it was for a long time called. Afterwards, in 
consequence of the large quantity of " grog " sold, it was called " Groggy 
Harbor," but the popular name was "Bog Falls," until a post-office was estab- 
lished in 1841, when, at the suggestion of S. F. Waterman, it was called 



780 History of Androscoggin County. 

Mechanic Falls. Mr Waterman was the first postmaster, a prominent citizen, 
one of the first county commissioners, and died in 1876. 

The next family that came was that of Azel Marshall, who purchased the 
land now used for the cemetery and built his house near where his son John's 
house now stands, and the first road from Minot crossed the river and passed 
through the cemetery into what is now Marshall street, and extending into 
Main street, near the old cemetery. The third family was Peter Thayer, who 
built a log house and blacksmith shop partly on the lot now occupied by J. A. 
Bucknam's brick store. He afterwards built a frame house, which was moved 
to Pleasant street, and now owned by Mrs Wallace, and replaced by the house 
now occupied by N. H. Nelson. Mr W. Thayer was the first blacksmith in town, 
and a very ingenious man. He continued the business in a small wa}'^ through 
life. He left four sons; three, Gilman, Simon, and Leonard, resided here until 
their deaths within the last three years, and all lived to be over 75. 

The first store was in one end of the first grist-mill and was run by Isaiah 
Perkins. He soon after built a very small store on the easterly portion of the 
lot where D. B. Perry's store stands. In those days it did not require much 
space to place all the goods that the people were able to buy. It was neces- 
sary to have enough for a hogshead of New England rum, several barrels of 
gin and brandy and kegs of other liquors, with molasses, salt pork, and fish, 
and a slight sprinkling of dry goods, such as a few pieces of calico (prints), 
factory cloth (sheetings and shirtings), and perhaps a piece of broadcloth. 
The circulating medium was largely shingles. Workmen were obliged to take 
them for labor, and they had to turn them for groceries and rum, and it has 
been said there is no doubt but the same bunch of refuse shingles has served 
the same man to buy several jugs of rum at several distinct times. The man 
that got the rum was the worst cheated. 

The first barn was raised in 1823 by Isaiah Perkins, and is now standing 
nearly opposite the Methodist church. The next year he built near the barn 
the small frame house now owned by Mr Morton. These two buildings are the 
oldest in the village. It was said that it took an immense amount of rum and 
two days to raise the barn. In a few years Isaiah Perkins bought out his 
brother and Farris, and became almost the sole owner of the land around the 
Falls. The first dwelling on Poland side was built by Luther Perkins, about 
where the Grand Trunk station stands, but the first frame house was 
erected by Mr Merrill on the site of The Elms. It now stands directly north 
on Lewiston street, and is occupied by M. S. Andrews. 

From 1823 to 1836 very few good dwellings were built. The people were 
generall)^ poor, and the business was confined entirely to lumbering. The 
lumber was hauled to Portland and Yarmouth to market by ox-teams. About 
that time men of more means began to buy land and move in, and the place 
showed signs of life and growth. Capt. Jacob Dwinal, his brother, Isaac, 



Town of Minot. 781 



Nathaniel Cushman, Samuel F. Waterman, Deacon Joseph Hall, Salmon 
Hackett, John Valentine, C!apt. Charles Alden, Albert Valentine were among 
the number, and they all built good, comfortable homes, and became permanent 
citizens, remaining here until they died, with the exception of Captain Alden, 
who moved to Bangor, Deacon Hall, who lives in Illinois, and A. Valentine, 
who now lives here. The most of them have children living in the village. 

Albert Valentine came from Westbrook about 1838 and went into general 
merchandise near the depot. Within one year he moved to the Minot side, 
and in 1810 was married to Miss Hannah Foss, by Rev. Zenas Thompson, who 
remained over the Sabbath and preached, probably, the first Universalist 
sermon in the village. About that time William Cobb, from Hebron, joined 
Mr Valentine in trade until 1849, when Mr Valentine took the California fever, 
spent several years digging the yellow metal with fair success, returned, and 
was in the employ of J. A. Bucknam & Co. for more than 20 years. He was an 
honest, faithful man. He and his wife mutually enjoyed life and a well-earned, 
honorable reputation until her death in July, 1891. 

Capt. Jacob Dwinal, a well-to-do farmer and speculator, moved from Dwinal 
hill about 183t), purchased a large tract of land, and built a nice house for the 
times, and a store, and went into trade, employing Samuel F. Waterman as 
manager. He also traded largely in lumber and cattle, and was financially the 
most successful man, up to his death in 1851 at the age of 58, of any man in 
the village; probabl}'^ he was the wealthiest man in town. He left a wife and 
nine children. His widow died within the last year, over 90 years old. Three 
sons and one daughter are now residing in the village. Oliver B. and Charles 
H. are successful merchants and dealers in real estate'; Major F. E. is post- 
master. He earned the title of major in the actual service of his country. 
The eldest daughter married W. W. Waterman, Esq., of Poland, and resided 
here a large portion of her life, and died this year, greatly beloved and 
respected. Winfield C, the second boy, was a very successful business man. 
He was one of the proprietors of the cemetery, and, dying in 1879, was the 
first man to be buried in it. Isaac Dwinal, son of the early Jacob, came from 
Hebron about 1836, was a farmer and speculator, built a hotel, and opened a 
store where J. C. Walker's store now is, and was in trade until his death, when 
he was succeeded by his son, Alexander B., who later exchanged merchandising 
for farming. 

The Village mid Its Business. — Mechanic Falls is located in Poland and 
Minot, on each side of the Little Androscoggin river, 36| miles from Portland on 

lO. B. & W. C. Dwinal commenced trade soon after their father's death in the same store. The 
firm has been O. B. & C. H. Dwinal since 1882. They do an annual business of about $20,000. From 
1870 they have dealt in real estate, and own a large number of village lots, stores, shops, dwellings, 
etc. O. B. Dwinal has held many important positions and has been collector of taxes for 12 years. 
C. H. Dwinal has been representative, town clerk 10 years, and town treasurer for many years. 



782 History of Androscoggin County. 



the Grand Trunk Railway, at the junction of the Portland and Rumford Falls 
Railroad, is from 200 to 300 feet above tide-water, and contains more than 
2,000 inhabitants. It has over 400 scholars, seven schools, and three school- 
houses ; six paper-mills, one shoe manufactory, with capacity of 40 to 50 cases per 
day, owned by citizens and run by J. Harris & Sons; one clothing manufactory, 
capacity of 100,000 garments a year, owned and managed by J. A. Bucknam & 
Co.' (E. A. Gammon) ; machine shop and foundry, owned and managed by J. W. 
Penney & Sons,^ employing from 10 to 20 hands; one steam saw-mill and 
lumber yard, owned and managed by George O. Goodwin & Co., capacity one 
million feet per year ; one corn factory with wood-working machinery, owned and 
managed by John Hanscom; two blacksmith shops, owned and run by E. A. 
Sanders and J. W. Whitman; two carriage shops, John Donham and L. 
Edgecomb; one laundry, F. H. McDonald; one toothpick factory, Ernest 
Harris; two hotels, P. R. Cobb^ and A. V. Edie, both temperance; one 
boarding house, Libby; four livery stables. Waterman & Jordan, James Nason, 
N. H. Nelson, Hiram Perkins; one confectionery factory and bakery, M. N. 
Royal & Bro.; two restaurants, Mr Pooler and Mrs Libby; one builder's and 
contractor's shop and lumber yard, owned and managed by A. J. Weston ; 

iOld Employes. — Frank R. HarDion, when 32 years of age, in February, 18G4, joined the cavalry 
force of the U. S. Army to put down the Rebellion, and did his duty as a faithful soldier. In 1872 he 
began work for J. A. Bucknam in his mills, near Mechanic Falls, and remained with him till he 
closed the business. From that time he has been a faithful workman in the clothing factory. In 
politics he is a Democrat, and in religion a Universalist. George W. Bobbins, son of Calvin Robbins, 
was born in Buckfield in 1843, entered the military service in 1862 as a nine-months' man, and 
re-enlisted. He came to Mechanic Falls in 1874, and married Hattie, the third daughter of Joseph 
Bucknam. He has for many years been an efiScient man in the clothing factory. He is a consistent 
Odd Fellow, Republican, a Universalist, and a worthy citizen. 

2 J. W. Penney & Sons. — Mr Penney came from Bangor to Poland about 1856, to work as a black- 
smith. From 1859 to 1869 he was a carriage ironer at Mechanic Falls, and then, with E. M. Thurston, 
he manufactured a wrench of his invention. He then opened a machine shop, and later was in 
charge of the repairs of the Denison Paper Co. In 1875 he built a shop back of the factory and began 
to manufacture a scroll-saw of his invention, which was in enormous demand, and employed 6 or 8 
men. In 1880 he built his machine shop of two stories, on Maple street (this is .33x80 feet in size, 
with a 15-horhe-power engine and large boiler), and commenced to make stationary steam-engines 
paper-making machinery, etc., employing six men, and adding a foundry in 1888. He was the pioneer 
of electric lighting, introducing it into his shop in 1889. In 1886 the firm of J. W. Penney & Sons 
was formed. His sons, Almont R. and Samuel R., have been proprietors since February, 1891. From 
15 to 20 hands are employed, and an extensive business is done in buying and selling portable engines 
and mill supplies. 

^Prescott R. Cobb, son of William, Jr, of Sumner, and Lovicy (Gurney) Cobb, of Paris, was born in 
Hebron. His grandfather, William Cobb, came from Carver, Mass., and settled in Carthage, then in 
Hebron. Mr Cobb's wife, Jeanie Donaldson, was born in Scotland. William Cobb, Jr, established 
himself in the hotel business at VIechanic Falls in 1847, and his son, Prescott R., has been a landlord 
here for many years. He is a temperance man of strong and sincere convictions, and points with 
pride to the fact that he has never sold a glass of intoxicating liquor. He is a Universalist in religious 
preferences, a Republican in politics, has been selectman fur three years, and was representative in 
1885. As Master of Tyrian Lodge, High Priest of Union R. A. Chapter, F. & A. M., and secretary of 
Mechanic Falls Manufacturing Company, he has shown executive and business ability. 



Town of Minot. 78^ 



two shoemakers and cobblers, John Noyes and John Cole ; lawyers, F. O. 
Puiington and J. M. Libby ; four physicians, E. F. Bradford, Carolus M. 
Cobb, Charles H. Tobie (allopaths), A. D. Bowman (homoeopath); two 
dentists, N. S. Marshall, A. W. Butler; one store with three departments 
(dry goods, groceries, and merchant tailor's shop), owned and managed by J. A. 
Bucknam & Co.; one dry goods store, by L. A. Moulton & Co. (John Curtis); 
two clothing and shoe stores, O. B. & C. H. Dwinal and A. G. Woodsum ; 
one harness shop, George I. Folsom ; three drug stores, John Walker, Merrill 
& Denning, Mrs Nancy Holt; four confectioner}'^ stores, A. W. Bridge, Lewis J. 
Morton, Ernest Harris, C. O. Cole ; one hardware store and coal office, O. W. 
Hawkes^ & Co. (William Whitney), two furniture stores, D. B. Perry ^ and J, 
S. Merrill; one boot and shoe store, Frank A. Golderman ; two jewelers, Zenas 
Lane and E. C. Barnard; eight grocery stores, J. A. Bucknam & Co., F. H. 
McDonald, S. T. Rowe, A. G. Tinkham & Co., I. F. McCann & Co., G. G. 
Bridgham, I. A. Denison, S. S. Waterhouse ; one millinery store, Sarah C. 
Thayer & Co. 

The Masons' Mutual Relief Association was organized February 6, 1875. 
It had 27 charter members, and J. M. Eveleth, M.D., was chosen president, 
and J. S. Merrill, secretary. The association has paid more than -1300,000 to 
widows and orphans. The officers are : A. J. Weston, president ; J. A. Buck- 

1 Orrington W. Hawkes, son of Jonathan G. and Polly B. (Cushman) Hawkes, was born in Minot, 
November 17, 1824. His grandparents, Nathaniel and Ruth (Bucknam) Hawkes, were among the early- 
settlers of the west part of the town. In 1865 Mr Hawkes entered the stove and hardware business at 
Mechanic Falls as a member of the firm of Hawkes, Thurston & Co. In 1872 the firm was chaugeei to 
Hawkes «fe Whitney, and the store has been enlarged to equal anything in the county. Mr Hawkes 
married (1st) Annie A. K. Hall; she died in 1872, leaving five children; married (2d) Mary Ellen, a 
daughter of Cyrus S. Packard, of West Auburn. Mr Hawkes is a Republican and a Universalist, and 
has been clerk of the Mechanic Falls Maple Grove Cemetery Corporation since its organization, and 
one of its directors most of the time. 

^Dimon B. Perry is grandson of Dimon Perry (see page 602), and son of David B. Perry, who 
married Betsey S. Curtis and settled in Minot. Children: Dimon B., Lorenzo G., Nelson, David B., 
Persis C. (Mrs E. W. Bird), Izora (Mrs David Thomas). Dimon B. Perry has been closely connected 
with the business interests of Mechanic Falls since the winter of 1861-G2, when he engaged in 
photography here. Selling out in 18()7, he went into trade on the Poland side, where Royal & Co.'s 
confectionery manufactory is now. He purchased the block he now occupies in 1883 and opened his 
present store. This block was built about 1850 by Dr Josiah Carr and Alanson Briggs as a dwelling 
and stores, and the second and third floors were occupied by Dr Carr as a residence until his death in 
1873. Gerrish Bridgham traded for some time in one of the stores after it was built. J. A. Bucknam 
& Co. later traded there, and Golderman & Cummings had a clothing store here for a time. John C. 
Walker kept a drug store in this block for some years, and I. B. Cushman a flour and grain store for a 
time. The first hall in the village was in its upper story, and Tyrian lodge of Free Masons occupied it 
for fifteen years. A. A. Dwinal Post, G. A. R. later (and until 1881) occupied it. The Ladies' Chau- 
tauqua Club has a reading-room in the fourth story. The building is 44x60 feet in size, with four 
floors, the three lower ones being occupied with the immense stock carried by Mr. Perry, except the 
law office of Hon. J. M. Libby. Mr Perry has a wide range of goods — furniture, carpets, crockery, 
fancy goods, toys, five and ten-cent goods in great variety, holiday goods in their seasons, and well 
provided undertaking and upholstering departments. 



784 History of Akdroscoggin County. 

nam, vice-president ; James H. DeCoster/ secretary ; E. A. Gammon, treasurer ; 
J, M. Libby, J. A. Bucknam, P. R. Cobb, finance committee. 

The Poland ^ Minot Water, Electric Light and Power Co. is located at 
Mechanic Falls ; capital stock, $25,000 ; directors, J. Hanscom, Luther Per- 
kins, A. E. True, N. Q. Pope, J. M. Libby. J. M. Libby, president ; Luther 
Perkins, treasurer. 

The Mechanic Falls Loan and Building Association, organized September 25, 
1890, has leading citizens in its management and is doing a good work. D. B. 
Perry, president; F. H. McDonald, treasurer; J. H. DeCoster, secretary. 

The Mecha7iic Falls Reading-Room and Library Association, recently organ- 
ized, has these officers: C. M. Cobb, president; H. E. Thurston, Miss M. A. 
Hawkes, F. A. Millett, vice-presidents ; H. A. Poole, secretary ; Edith G. Perry, 
treasurer. 

Mechanic Falls Manufacturing Company. — This was organized in 1883 to 
encourage the establishment of a shoe manufactory here. Oliver B. Dwinal 
has been president from organization, excepting one year (1889), when C. E. 
Stevens held the office. The other officers are : Prescott R. Cobb, secretary ; 
O. B. Dwinal, C. E. Stevens, J. A. Bucknam, Dimon B. Perry, William N. 
Tobie, directors. The company built a factory south of the Grand Trunk 
Railway at a cost of $15,000, which was leased to Joseph Harris & Sons, shoe 
manufacturers of Marblehead, Mass., who have occupied it from its completion. 
They employ 230 hands. 

Harris ^ Lee, Toothpick 3Iamtfact\irers. — E. A. Harris, a native of Minot, 
but who as a machinist in the shop of the Evans Rifle Manufacturing Company 
removed to New York when that company removed its plant thither, and who 
passed several years in working on fine machinery in Boston, New York, and 
Providence, returned to Mechanic Falls in 1886 and for two years devoted 
himself to inventing and making machinery to manufacture wood toothpicks. 
In 1888 he began the manufacture of toothpicks, cigar lighters, and other 
novelties in wood. The firm is now Harris & Lee. The power is given by a 
15-horse-power steam engine, and the daily product is 25 cases of 100 boxes 
each containing 2,500 toothpicks. When in operation from 15 to 20 hands 
are employed, mostly girls. 

Dirigo Steam Laundry. — This was established before 1885, when David B. 
Morse, became proprietor; he was succeeded b}'' J. P. Chaffin, who sold in 
September, 1890, to F. H. McDonald, who has enlarged the business and 
connected with it a fine bath-room. He receives work regularly from his 

^ James H. DeCoster, son of Henry and Abigail (Irish) DeCoster, was born in Buckfield. Henry 
DeCoster was a native of Hebron, but moved to Buckfield early in life. James married Angela M. 
Shaw, of Buckfield. In 1861 he enlisted for three months, was not assigned, and with 19 others was 
discharged. In 1865, as a Republican, he was appointed postmaster at Buckfield, and resigned in 1877. 
In 1880 he came to Mechanic Falls, and is a popular citizen. He has been secretary of the Masons' 
Mutual Relief Association since May, 1886. 



Town op Minot. 785 



agencies in Oxford, Hebron, Buckfield, Canton, Dixfield, West Paris, South 
Paris, Norway, Bethel, and Groveton, Stratford and North Stratford, N. H. 
Mr McDonald is a public-minded citizen, has done good work in official posi- 
tions for the schools and the town, and is now chairman of the board of 
selectmen. 

There are four church buildings, all maintaining services every Sunday. 
Rev. George G. Hamilton is pastor of the Universalist church; preaching 
service in forenoon, Sunday school in the afternoon, lecture or social meeting 
in the evening; average attendance, forenoon, 250; salary, $1,100. Rev. Wm 
H. Clark is pastor of the Baptist church ; Sunday services same as the Uni- 
versalists; average attendance, forenoon, 60. Rev. Charles F. Parsons is 
pastor of the Methodist church ; Sunday services same as Universalists ; 
average attendance, 100. Rev. Frederick Newport, pastor of the Congrega- 
tionalists, holds the same Sunday services, and has an attendance of about 60. 
Rev. J. A. Libby and Mrs J. E. Jordan supply the Second Advent Church 
regularly on Sundays ; average attendance, 40. They set no particular time 
(as they once did) for the second coming of Christ, bat teach that it is to be 
immediate. They hold meetings in McDonald's Hall. 

There are numerous society organizations. For Tyrian Lodge and 
Union R. A. C, F. & A. M., see pages 241, 244; Monami Lodge and Orion 
Encampment, L O. O.^F., see page 271; A. A. Dwinal Post, G. A.R., see page 
178; A. J. Pettie Camp, S. of V.. see page 182; W. C. T. U., see page 298. 
Other Societies. — Knights of Pytliias, St Elmo Lodge, No. 55, J. W. Merrill, 
C; E. F. Smith, R. R. S. Knir/hts of Labor, Equity Assembly, No. 3912, 
Norris Greenwood, M. W.; O. C. Bridge, R. S.; United Order of Grolden Cross, 
No. 245, Curtis Sawyer, N. C; Fred Chaplin, K. of R. I. 0. G. T., Garfield 
Lodge, No. 266, A. S. Ellsworth, Deputy; D. S. Bailey, C. T. I. 0. R. M., 
Osceola Lodge, No. 24, D. B. Perry, S. ; O. C. Bridge, C. of R. 

Within the last three years an earnest effort has been made by the citizens 
of the village to be incorporated, in order to avail themselves of the modern 
improvements, of electric lights, and water supply to extinguish fires and for 
domestic uses, and a union of the schools. After a hard fought battle in the 
legislature of 1889, a charter was granted, but it was so arranged by the 
opposers of the corporation that it must be accepted by a majority of each side 
of the river separately, thereby defeating it by six votes on the Poland side ; 
by the united votes of both sides, Poland and Minot, the charter would have 
been accepted by a majority of 81 votes. 

3Iinot Corner. — This was early a central point. Moses Emery built saw 
and grist mills here soon after the Revolution. The first ones were carried off 
by high water, soon rebuilt and followed by others, mostly lumber mills. The 
power is good. [See page 43.J When the mills were busy in early days, 
Benjamin Butler added a tannery, Isaac Dufts a saddler's shop, and Daniel 



786 History of Androscoggin County. 



Cash a store (the first in town) to the business interests. From that day this 
has been a place of successful trade. In 1815 came Godfrey Grosvenor, 
originally from Buffalo, N. Y., who was in large trade here for 15 years or 
more, giving the place the name of Grosvenor's Corner. Willard H. Wood- 
bury was also in trade from 1820 for ten or more years. He was courteous 
and gentlemanly, and of great intelligence and ability. At a later date, 
Weston F. Milliken had a store in the Grosvenor store, but, removing to 
Portland, he was succeeded by his brother Seth, who is now a prominent 
merchant of New York City. Lyman Cousens succeeded Seth Milliken, and 
was followed by William Rounds, whose son is now in trade. In 1871 Jordan 
& Rounds and Z. I. Frank were merchants, Rounds & Littlefield were making 
barrels by the thousand, Lucius Hackett was "pulling " from 50,000 to 75,000 
pounds of wool yearly, and there were two carriage shops and two harness 
shops. In 1891 W. Rounds has a grist-mill and store, Burnham & Morrill can 
corn and vegetables, W. H. True deals in carriages and lumber, Andrew R. 
Giddinge, a descendant and namesake of Andrew R. Giddinge, of Danville 
(see page 713), who has held important local offices with credit, is the village 
blacksmith. 

West Minot was of business importance early. Capt. John Bridgham, 2d, 
built a grist-mill over a hundred years ago at Faunce's Mills, which soon, being 
carried away, was rebuilt at West Minot. From this time trade centered here 
from Hebron and the surrounding country, and the Bridghams and others 
conducted trade and other enterprises for many years. When Bog Falls was 
first developed. West Minot was a brisk village. The land owners, however, 
did not offer inducements for business men to locate; the Bucknams moved to 
Mechanic Falls, Ara Cushman later moved to Auburn, and business languished. 
The power is a fine one (see page 41), has been used since its first develop- 
ment, and runs a grist-mill, built in 1843 by Joshua Parsons, now carried on 
by Jeffrey Parsons, and furnishes power for a carriage manufactory. The 
power one-half mile above is occupied by F. E. Rowe's saw and shingle mills. 
The other business men are James and A. F. DeCoster and L. Dunham in the 
carriage business; Moses Young, merchant. 

The Minot Packhi(] Company. — This was formed in 1888 by H. E. Thurston 
and J. A. Gerry, of Mechanic Falls, and H. F. Hayford and J. W. Bicknell, of 
Canton. They built a canning factory at West Minot, on the line of the rail- 
road. Hayford soon sold his interest to the others, and in 1890 Bicknell sold 
to Thurston and Gerry. They do an annual business of 120,000, principally 
in canning sweet corn, of which 150 acres are raised for them. They also put 
up a small amount each of beans, apples, pumpkins, etc. In 1891 they packed 
45,000 cases. 

Colonel Joshua Parsons, born at Norway, July 25, 179G, located at West 
Minot in 1817, and carried on carding and cloth dressing until 1843, when he 



Town of Minot. 787 



built a grist-mill and operated it for many years. In 1819 he married Sybil, 
daughter of Captain John Bridgham. Colonel Parsons represented Minot in 
1833, and was elected to the Maine senate in 1839. He was justice of the 
peace, and obtained pensions for many veterans of the Revolution. He served 
as town clerk, treasurer, and chairman of tlie board of selectmen. He was a 
Whig in politics until tlie death of that party, when he became a Democrat. 
He was a Universalist, honest in his transactions, and lived an exemplary life. 
He died in Auburn, October 13, 1884. Among his children were Solomon, 
John W., Jeffrey, Elizabeth, and Ann C. 

Grideoti Bearce, son of Daniel and Sylvinia Bearce, was born in what is now 
Hebron, in Oxford county. He is seventh in descent from Austin Bearce, 
who came from Southampton, England, in the Ship Confidence to Barnstable, 
Mass., April 24, 1638, the paternal line being Austin,^ James,^ John,^ Gideon,"* 
Gideon,^ Daniel,*^ Gideon,'^ and the maternal line, Austin,^ James,^ John,^ Asa,* 
Asa, Jr,^ Sylvinia,-' and Gideon.' Gideon^ and Asa, Jr,^ were among the 
earliest settlers of this section, and Asa, Jr, was a prominent man in affairs, 
and chairman of the board of selectmen for many years. Gideon has suc- 
ceeded to his grandfather's place in the confidence and esteem of his townsmen, 
few men in Minot having held more positions of public trust. He has been 
town treasurer, clerk in 1860-61-62-63-64-65, 1869-70-71-72-73-74-75-76; 
selectman in 1882-83-84-85-86 ; has represented the towns of Minot and 
Poland in the legislature ; has been postmaster at West Minot for several 
years, and has held many other offices. Mr Bearce has been a merchant 
at West Minot, a Republican in politics, and a Universalist in religious pref- 
erences. With great love for the study of nature, he has a large and valuable 
mineralogical collection, the result of his devotion to that branch of science. 

Some of Minot' s Principal Farmers from ISJfO. — West Minot. — Isaiah 
Woodman, Mellen Woodman; John Woodman, Sullivan Woodman; Cyrus 
King : Ara Cushman (father of Ara, the shoe manufacturer), Thomas Cush- 
man; Thomas, Edmund, VV. G. and Charles R. Millett (four generations), all 
successful farmers ; Gerrish Bridgham, his successor, Jason Hilborn, and son ; 
Cyrus Bridgham, his sons, Cyrus, Henry, and George ; Asa Bearce, his son, 
Asa (school teacher and farmer), their successor, Mr Bean ; Amos Harris, his 
son, Hiram, and grandsons, John and Amos; David and William Patch; 
William Crooker; Comfort Crooker and son, Willard; Abner Chase (farmer and 
teacher) ; Edmund Cliase (said to be the oldest Mason in the county) and son, 
Joseph W. ; Charles Mood}', his son, Charles, and John Foss ; Charles Atkin- 
son succeeds his father, Charles, on same farm ; Joshua F. Sawyer succeeds 
his father, M. P. Sawyer. Minot Corner. — William Hackett and Edward 
Hackett; Daniel Freeman; Nathan Downing and son, N. P. Downing; Mr 
Bartlett, a worthy man, who raised large crops of corn, and always sold it for 



788 History of Androscoggin County. 



just one dollar a bushel and no more, regardless of the market price. i 
Mechanic Falls. — Lorenzo Merrill, George and William, his sons, made money 
on one of the best farms in town; Simon Pottle, son of Moses; Isaiah 
Perkins, who cleared up the land around the falls, and his son, Hiram ; 
Jacob Dwinal; Isaac Currier and son, J. W.; Jonathan G. Hawkes, a success- 
ful farmer on the best farm in Minot, his sons, Edward, Orrington W., and 
Silenus A^., became merchants, Jesse Turner, now occupies the farm. Centre 
(noiv East) Minot. — James E. Washburn, his own successor, and a success; 
Marshall Washburn and his successor, S. J. M. Perkins; Stillman Shaw, 
farmer and politician ; E. N. Nelson, a leading orchardist, an officer of Maine 
Pomological Society, did much to improve varieties and the quality of 
orchards in this section. He married a daughter of Rev. Elijah Jones, and 
died in March, 1891. 

1 Charles H. Martin, one of the agriculturists of Minot, is son of William H. and Mary (Harvey) 
Martin, and a native of Atkinson. He is a descendant of John Martin, the emigrant, who served as 
drum-major in the Revolutionary army, and, after the war, settled at Cape Elizabeth. Isaac Martin, 
grandfather of Charles H., was a paymaster in the War of 1812. Mr Martin served his country in the 
Civil War as a member of Co. D, 23d Me. He is a Methodist in his religious preferences, a Good 
Templar, a Patron of Husbandry, and has been master of JNIinot Centre Grange. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

JOSIAH A. BUCKNAM. 



JOSIAH APPLETON BUCKNAM, son of Calvin and Zilpha (Barrows) 
Bucknam, was born March 21, 1821, on the ancestral acres in Hebron, 
and lived on the homestead, working on the farm and in mills during 
his minority. His education was attendance at summer schools until he was 
nine years old, at winter schools until he was 19, and one term at Hebron 
Academy. He taught the school of fifty scholars in his home district the 
winter before he was of age, receiving $13 a month, and later taught in the 
Chase district and other schools with success. The next summer he went to 
Massachusetts and earned '|63 by three months' labor in a brick-yard. Before 
he was of age he had acquired some money in a peculiar way. The man from 
whom he was named gave him a dog; trading it for a sheep, he put this out 
to double, and the increase by repeated doublings produced from $80 to $90. 
This thrifty accumulation reveals the strong business element in Mr Bucknam, 
and it was in the nature of things that. May 16, 1843, he should take his 
limited capital to Portland and purchase dry goods to fill an old-fashioned 
one-horse peddler's cart, which he drove that season, through Cumberland and 




'^'^■^anusJlfl^ii Sons.TfiUey. 




^^^*^ 



Town of Minot. 789 



Oxford counties, with fair success. In the fall his brother, Joseph, who had 
established a store at West Minot in 1842, offered him a partnership, which he 
accepted, and formed the firm of J. & J. A. Bucknam. They continued in 
trade in a small way until 1847, when they purchased the store of Deacon 
Joseph Hall and Ezra Mitchell at Mechanic Falls, and began trade on the site 
of the brick store of J. A. Bucknam & Co. They commenced, in 1843, the 
manufacture of men's cowhide boots and women's kid shoes at West Minot, 
which was continued until 1850 at Mechanic Falls. The store at AVest Minot 
was conducted until 1848. Business was then brisk at Mechanic Falls. The 
railroad had arrived, making it a centre of trade for a large section, and the 
Bucknams rented the hotel (now Hawkes & Whitney's store) and ran that 
two years as well as their store and shoe factory. When the railroad was 
opened further a financial depression occurred at the Falls. This caused 
Joseph to sell out in 1852 to J. A., who abandoned the shoe business and 
added a custom-clothing department to his store. This was in charge of 
Augustus Golderman, an excellent tailor, and an honest and faithful workman, 
who conducted it until 1863, when he raised a company for the Union army. 
In 1854 the making of sales work was commenced, to give employment to 
people that they might have means to purchase goods. Only two men were 
employed at first in the shop, and the work was sent out to families. All 
sewing was done by hand, as there were no machines. The business increased 
rapidly, and even the panic year of 1857 was a very prosperous one. In 1882 
it was removed from the small building where it was established to the building 
now occupied, where 80 hands are employed in preparing the work to go to 
Boston, and 800 people in a circle of 50 miles diameter are on its pay-roll. In 
1862 Mr Bucknam formed the firm of J. A. Bucknam & Cobb, by admitting 
Francis H. Cobb as a partner. Two years later H. L. Jones became a partner, 
and the firm name became Bucknam, Cobb & Co. In 1869 Mr Bucknam 
purchased Cobb's interest, and reorganized the firm by admitting Charles H. 
Dwinal, Joseph and William B. Bucknam as members, changing the title to 
J. A. Bucknam & Co. Joseph Bucknam died in August, 1870, and in 1871 E. 
Adrian Gammon, who had been a clerk since April 1, 1864, purchased Mr 
Jones's interest. In 1879 Mr Bucknam and Mr Gammon bought out the 
other partners and have since conducted the business. The brick store was 
built in 1866, and occupied in February, 1867 ; the grocery department was 
added in 1869, and the annual business amounts to -$100,000. In 1868 Mr 
Bucknam purchased the privilege at Page's Mills, and improved it by grist and 
saw-mills, and a box and trunk factory. Here 20 to 80 men were employed 
until 1879. The power has been unused for 10 years. 

Mr Bucknam was originally a Democrat, but when that party divided on a 
local issue of temperance he voted the temperance ticket for governor, and 
became a Republican when that party was formed, and now classes himself as 



790 History of Androscoggin County. 



an independent Republican. He has been an able local worker in politics, a 
frequent delegate to conventions, and town treasurer and representative. He 
has ever been a pronounced temperance man and a member of all active 
temperance organizations. He has been a Free Mason since 1858, and an Odd 
Fellow since 1876. Although educated in the Baptist faith, he is an ardent 
Universalist, believing "that good, at last, will come to all," and has given 
time and means freely to the advancement of that faith. He is frequently a 
delegate to state and national Universalist conventions, and is a trustee of the 
Universalist State Convention. He married Nancy Judson Glover, who died 
May 19, 1886. (She was born in Hebron and was a descendant in the seventh 
generation from George Barrows, whose posterity has done so much in 
building and sustaining Hebron Academy.) They had three sons, Judson 
J., Edward H. Chapin (died August 13, 1891), and Charles W. The sur- 
viving sons are residents of Mechanic Falls. Mr Bucknam occupies a high 
position in the esteem of the people, and has been a leader in building up and 
sustaining the march of improvement in his section. We can best close this 
sketch by giving these extracts from Mr Bucknam's diary and his accompanying 
remarks. 

March 21, 1840. I am twenty-five years old to-day! A quarter of a century ! ! One-half of a middle- 
aged man's life has passed away, and what have I accomplished ? Have I done any good ? Can any 
one say that I have benefited him or her? Have I made any advance toward the end for which I was 
created ? I dare not venture an answer. But whether I have or no, I am determined that I will try, 
henceforth. "Will try," shall be my motto. Feb. 9, 1849. This writing witnesseth that I have this 
day resolved that the habit of smoking tobacco is injurious to both body and mind, therefore will use 
no more, unless it is made to appear for my benefit. (It never so appeared.) In 1851 I joined the 
Temperance Watchman Club and pledged myself to total abstinence from all intoxicants. Jan. 1, 
1853, I wrote in my diary, I promise to bestow one-tenth of my actual gain, the ensuing year, on 
benevolent objects. I have renewed this from year to year to the present time. I have faithfully kept 
all these pledges and firmly believe that whatever of success has attended my life, that these have 
largely contributed to it. 



Town of Durham. 791 



DURHAM. 



CHAPTER XLVII. 

Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface and Soil — Royalsborougfh — First Planta- 
tion Meeting — Extracts from Plantation Records — ^Plantation Committees — Incorporation 
of Durham — First Town Meeting— Extracts from Town Records — War of 1812 — 
Rebellion — Civil List. 

DURHAM probably takes its name from the county of that name in England, 
once the residence of the Royall family. It lies in the southern part of the 
county, is bounded by Lisbon on the north, Topsham and Brunswick on the 
east, Pownal on the south, and Auburn and New Gloucester on the west. It 
has an area of about 18,000 acres, and comprises the territory of the early 
settled Plantation of Ro3'alsborough, a part of the Pejepscot Purchase. The 
surface is undulating, with a slope in the north towards the river. The soil in 
the most part is well adapted to farming. The extreme southern and a part of 
the northern portion is measurably rocky. The central part is generally 
sandy, while in all parts are intervals well adapted to the production of hay. 
In the southern and western portion are large peat bogs. In 1766 the 
Pejepscot proprietors voted that lands be laid out and cleared in the Planta- 
tion of Royalsborough and a log house be built to accommodate settlers. In 
1768 they laid out a " New Township to be called Royalsborough." March 3, 
1768, Jonathan Bagley, Belcher Noyes, and Moses Little were chosen to brino- 
forward the settlement and procure settlers. The plantation took its name 
from Colonel Isaac Royall, one of the proprietors.^ The early settlers needed 
nerve and endurance. As the town was an unbroken forest, they suffered 
many privations and hardships. The first year provisions were so scarce that 
though they had money they were unable to purchase food, and berries formed 
a large portion of their living. If any chanced to get provisions by the chase 
or otherwise, they would blow a horn to call their distant neighbors and share 
with them. The nearest mill was at North Yarmouth. When corn was 
procurable it was taken in a bag upon the shoulders to be ground, the path 

iHe emigrated to America from England in 1738, with liis parents, to Medford, Mass. Colonel 
Royall owned shares in the Pejepscot purchase, amounting to about 3,000 acres in the southwest part of 
Durham. He inherited a large estate in Medford. He gave 2,000 acres of land to Harvard College in 
order to found a professorship of law. In 1815 the professorship was established with Hon. Isaac 
Parker as the first "Royall Professor of Law." For 22 years he was a member of the Governor's 
Council in Massachusetts. Colonel Royall was an officer of the Crown, and was held in great esteem 
in Medford. In 177(5 he returned to England, where he died in 1781. 



792 History of Androscoggin County. 

being kept by marked trees. Capt. O. Israel Bagley subsequently put up 
a wind-mill for grinding corn on the hill back of where Charles Bliss lives, 
which was of great advantage to the people. 

The First Plantation Meeting was held February 24, 1774, "in order to 
Consult upon some method for Entring into some order in said Town." Quite 
a settlement occupied this territory, and Brunswick claimed control and 
collected taxes. Major Charles Gerrish came to Portland in 1748 and with 
his wife, Mary, and children, William, Charles, and Nathaniel, is said to have 
settled in Royalsborough in 1752. Whether he was the sole settler until after 
the French and Indian War is now unknown. Judah Chandler in 1773 had 
built a saw-mill and house and had a clearing. In 1774 and 1775 the 
inhabitants were Capt. Charles, William and Nathaniel Gerrish, Josiah Day, 
Josiah Dunn, Charles Hill, Thomas Coffin, O. Israel Bagley, John Cushing, 
John Dane or Dean, Ezekiel Jones, John Getchell, Nathan Lewis, Samuel York, 
Ichabod Frost, Samuel Clough, Hugh Getchell, Joshua Babb, Edmond Lane, 
Michael Dyer, John Randall, Stephen Hart, Benjamin Vining, Joshua Strout, 
Stephen Chase, Baltherder Ring, and perhaps others. So it is evident that 
"some order" should be arranged for. The "Plantation record" covers from 
1774 to 1786. At the first meeting Josiah Dunn was chosen moderator, 
Charles Hill, Esq., clerk, Charles Hill, Esq., and Mr Thomas Coffin "wardeans," 
O. Israel Bagley, William Gerrish, and Ste[)hen Chase "a Committy for viewing 
a ministerial lot," etc. February 15, 1775, action was taken concerning a 
meeting-house lot and grave-yard. September 15, 1777, Josiah Dunn, Benjamin 
Vining, Ebenezer Bobbins, and Charles Hill were chosen as a committee of 
correspondence, inspection and safety, and empowered to defend the plantation 
against usurpations of Brunswick. Nine good men served the plantation in 
the Revolution — Isaac Davis, Isaac Turner, Charles and Nathaniel Gerrish, 
John Vining, Eben Woodbury, John Mcintosh, Elisha Lincoln, Nathan Lewis, ^ 
and it was voted " to Purch some Corn to Suply the women whose Husbands 
are gon in the army for a sertain prise." In January, 1778, "voted to ask the 
General Court to take off the taxes laid by Brunswick in 1776 and 1777. 
Benjamin Vining was chosen agent and £16 L. M. voted for his expenses. A 
"legal town meeting" was held March 30, 1778, and it was voted to pay 
Charles Hill and Benjamin Vining for about nine acres of land that they 
purchased of Mr John Deans for burying-yard and meeting-house lot. July 
29 voted "to pay those men that provide clothing for the soldiers that are gone 
in Continental army what cost they are at if the Court will not pay for them," 
also to raise £150 for town charges. In November, 1779, £600 was voted to 
defray town charges, £70 to Benjamin Vining for land for meeting-house, etc. 
It was further voted "to pay each soldier that went to Penobscot £75 L. M., 

1 Voted in 1782 "to pay Nathan Lewis the Bounty agreed on." He is " to return himself to Boston 
upon the risque of the town." 



Town of Durham. 793 



to set up a meeting house the same bigness of Brunswick meeting-house by 
July 1st."' March 16, 1780, voted to have school this year and to move the 
school according to polls; also to raise £600 for town expenses. January 16, 
1781, "voted to give the two men that shall goe in Continental army $20 
bounty and $10 wages a month." 1782, November 29, voted to return Samuel 
Wage as a soldier and contest Amesbury's claims for him. Elijah Douglass, 
John Getchell, and Hugh Getchell were chosen to lay out roads wherever 
needed in the eastern part, and William Megray, William Gerrish, and Joseph 
Davis to lay out roads wherever necessary for the town. $100 silver was to 
be paid for school, and a teacher to be hired, and a school-house built in the 
eastern part of the town. In 1783 voted to have three months' preaching, and 
"that all the sleds in this town shall Bee foer feet Beten Jyents, and aney man 
Be found or sleding with a slead of Leas weadth than that a Bove meonech 
shall Bee Liable to fine of twenty shillings fine." 1781, voted not to hire any 
preacher, to have school three months "this winter," not to be incorporated. 
In 1785, voted to have three months' preaching. In 1786 it was again voted 
^'- not to be incorporated." "In the Plantation of Royallsborough" committees 
were chosen instead of selectmen : 1774, O. Israel Bagley, William Gerrish, 
Stephen Chase. 1778, O. Israel Bagley, Charles Hill, William Gerrish. 1779, 
O. Israel Bagle}', Jonathan Armstrong, Joshua Strout. 1780, Jonathan Arm- 
strong, Joshua Strout, Nathaniel Gerrish. 1781, O. Israel Bagley, Ebeuezer 
Newell, John Crehill. 1782, O. Israel Bagley, Josiah Day, Ebenezer Newell. 
1783, Joseph Davis, John Gushing, Benjamin Vining. 1781, John Gushing, 
Benjamin Vining, Josiah Day. 1785, John Gushing, Caleb Estes, Benjamin 
Vining. 1786, Meather Duren, John Gushing, Hugh Getchell. From 1774 to 
1777, Charles Hill was clerk; Benjamin Vining from 1778 to 1786. 

A petition for incorporation as Sharon, or, if there was any otlier town by that name, Bristol, signed 
by Jolm Cashing, Israel Bagley, Ebenezer Newell, Joshua Strout, and Jonathan Currier, was sent to 
the General Court, February 4, 1788, and the town of Darham was incorporated February 17, 1789, tlie 
()9th town, with a population of about 700. The first town-meeting was held March 17, 1789 Samuel 
Merrill was chosen moderator; Ebenezer Newell, clerk; John Cushing, Nathaniel Gerrish, and 
Thomas Fisher, selectmen. April 6 voted to build a pound .30 feet square inside and eight feet high. 
Voted to raise £45 for support of schools, £18 for the support of the Gospel, and £12 for other town 
charges. July 20 £100 voted for repair of highways the present year. 1790, March 22, voted to build 
five school-houses, one on Charles (4errish's land, one on Aaron Osgood's land, one on the county 
road near the road leading to Michah Dyer's, one near the Friends' meeting-house, and one on Hugh 
Getchell's land. April 5 £52 raised for schooling, £18 for " to bier the Gospel preached," and £15 for 
other town charges. 1791, May 4, voted, 21 to 0, that the District of Maine be set off into a separate 
state. 1792, Ar)ril 2, £30 raised for support of schools. 1794, August 14, voted £12.6 to purchase a 
stock of warlike stores. August 28 voted to pay the soldiers under Capt. Bagley .'$10 per month if 
called into service. 1795, May 6, £'!0 raised for schooling, £130 for repairing higliways. 1808, April 4, 
John Collins, Isaac Davis, and .Joseph Knight were appointed to run the town line. August 29 voted 
to concur witli Boston and other towns in a petition to tlie President of the United States for the 
suspension of the embai-go. November 7 voted to purcliase a town stock of powder, balls, flints, and 
camp kettles, and .$128.25 were voted for that purpose. 1.S09, February 6, voted to request the General 
Court to take measures for a repeal of the several embargo laws. .Jonathan Strout, John Collins, 
Israel Currier, John Converse, Josiah Burnham, Joshua Miller, Meshach Purinton, George Gerrish, Jr 



794 History of Androscoggin County. 



and William Newell were appointed a committee of safety to correspond with committees from 
other towns. 1811, November 14, $120 was voted to buy a town stock of ammunition and to build a 
powder-house. 

IVca- of 1812. — There were eight volunteers from Durham — Captain Nathaniel Bragdon, William 
Roak, William Weeks, Theophilus Knight, Ezekiel Mcintosh, Asa Lambert, John Nason, Jarvis Beal. 
The Durham militia was called to Bath and was on duty as coast guard less than a month. 

1814, September 3, voted to raise $500 to defray the expenses for rations and powder, and the fine 
upon the Minot road. 181G, May 20, voted, 45 yeas to 44 nays, that the legislature be requested to give 
its consent to the separation of the district of Maine from Massachusetts. 1819, December 6, the town 
was divided into 1.3 school districts. 1820, April 15, Josiah Burnham, Alvan Robinson, John Rucker, 
Secomb Jordan, and Thomas Freeman were directed to petition the legislature to abolish the Court of 
Common Pleas and substitute a court of equity in each town. 1822, May 6, voted to give $5 bounty on 
wild cat heads the ensuing year. 1828, April, Aaron Turner was licensed as a retailer of strong liquors 
until September. 1829, September 14, voted to accept a deed for a burying-ground, presented to the 
town by Elijah Littlefield, on condition of its being fenced with a post and board fence free of expense 
to the town. 1830, September 13, selectmen, treasurer, and clerk authorized to insert in the licenses of 
as many persons as they may deem necessary permission to sell wine, rum, and other spirituous 
liquors to be drank in their respective stores or shops. Similar permission was refused in 1831. 1832, 
April 30, voted that the selectmen employ any person they think suitable to vaccinate the inhabitants. 
1834, February 12, James Strout, Joseph Warren, and Daniel Harmon were chosen to remonstrate 
again.st being set off from Cumberland county into a new county. 1840, November 2, voted to build a 
town house, 36x40 feet, with 10-foot posts and 23-foot rafters on land of Merrill W. Strout, near the great 
gully. 1842, February 5, voted to buy a hearse and hearse house for public use. 1843, $4,300 appropri- 
ated for town expenses, repairing bridges, and breaking roads. 1844, appropriated $3,350. 1845, 
appropriations, $3,399. September 3, selectmen given power to build bridge near James Newell's. 
1847, selectmen authorized to fence the burial yards. 1849, March 12, Retiah Drinkwater was chosen 
agent to buy a poor farm. 1850, March 4, " voted to instruct the selectmen to prosecute all who sell 
liquors illegally"; also to procure a lot in the burying-ground to bury the town poor. 1853, March 14, 
" voted to advise the selectmen not to appoint an agent to sell spirituous liquors the ensuing year." 
October 2, " voted that the selectmen petition the legislature to be set off from the county of Andros- 
coggin to the county of Cumberland." Voted whether Lewiston, Auburn, or Danville should be the 
shire-town of the new county of Androscoggin. Auburn had 282 votes and Lewiston 23. 

Action of tlip Town in the Rebellion. — Durham was credited with Kil soldiers in the Civil War, and 
$27,073 was paid in bounties. 1862, July 24, voted to pay $100 each to privates and non-commissioned 
officers to the number of 18. Voted to raise $500 for the support of volunteers' families. September 
1 voted to raise the town's quota (33 men) according to the last call for troops, and to pay each volun- 
teer $100, and each drafted man f50. 1863, July 7, voted to raise $300 to relieve those who may be 
drafted. November 30, voted to raise an additional bounty of $200 for each man enlisting under the 
call of October 17, 1863, not exceeding 26 in number. 1864, February 3, Ai Waterhouse, John C. 
Merrill, Horace P. Merrill, Milton C. Wedgwood, and Retiah Drinkwater were chosen to fill the 
town's quota under the calls of October 17, 1863, and February, 1864. March 7, voted to raise $6,000 
to pay bounty orders due this year. Feliruary 20, 1864, voted to borrow $1,000 to pay for aid to families. 
August 20 voted to issue town scrip to the amount of $300 to every man, whether he enlists, gets a 
substitute, or is drafted, to fill the quota under the call of September 5. October 1, 1864, voted to 
raise $3,300 additional bounties to fill the quota. Retiah Drinkwater and Horace B. Merrill were 
chosen to fill future quotas. January 13, 1865, voted to raise $400 for each man to fill the quota. Feb- 
ruary 25 $100 additional bounty voted to each man of the town's quota under last call. Nelson Strout 
was appointed agent to fill future quotas. 1866, August 18, voted to pay $300 to each person who 
furnished a substitute. In 1867, 1868, 18()9, 1870, and 1873, frequent action was taken in reference to 
paying the war debt. 

1869, James H. Eveleth, Joseph Warren, Jr, and William D. Roak were appointed to investigate 
the financial condition of the town. 1870, March 12, voted to raise $1,200 for town debts; that the 
military debt be funded, and the selectmen issue the bonds of the lowu, bearing 6 per cent, interest. 
1872, December 2, voted to build our portion of the bridge between Durham and Lisbon Falls, as 
located by the county commissioner. 1883, March 12, voted to exempt a shoe and a box factory from 
taxation for 10 years. 1884, September 8, Durham voted, 166 yeas to 44 nays, upon prohibitory amend- 
ment. 1887, March 14, voted to abolish the school-district system, and to appropriate $400 to buy 
books for the scholars, but, March 31, the latter vote was reconsidered. A motion to reconsider the 



Town of Durham. 795 



vote providing for the abolition of school districts was lost, 109 to 39. The town system is a complete 
success. 1888, March 12, voted to raise .$200 to build, in connection with the Durham Agricultural and 
Horticultural Society, a building which shall be used to house the town road machine, and as an 
exhibition building for the society. 1889 the town was free from debt. 

Town Clerks. — The town clerks since the organization of the town, with terms of service, are as 
follows: Ebenezer Newell, 1789 to 1790; Martin Rourk (Roak), 1791 to 180(5; Isaac Davis, 1807 to 1811; 
Symond Baker, 1812 to 1814; Jacob Herrick, Jr, 1815 to 1829, and in 1832; Allen H. Cobb, 1830 to 1831, 
and 1833 to 1850; James Strout, Jr, 1851 to 1853, and from 1859 to 181)4; John C. Merrill, 1854 to 1856, 
and 18G8 to 1869; Emery S. Warren, 18.57, 1871, and 1872; Merrill W. Strout, 1858; Wm B. Newell, 
1865, 1873, 1876, and 1877; Wm F. Morrill, 186() to 1867; Ralph H. Hascall, 1870 and 1887; W. H. Thomas, 
1874 and 1875; Ira Goddard, 1878; William D. Roak, 1879; George E. Warren, 1880 to 1886 inclusive; 
Luther L. Newell, 1888; Marcus W. Eveleth, 1889; George W. Nichols, 1890; Royal A. Rich, 1891. 

Select»ien. — 1789, John Gushing, Nathaniel Gerrish, Thos Fisher; 1790, Aaron Osgood, N. Gerrish, 
Thomas Fisher; 1791 and 1792, A. Osgood, N. Gerrish, Galeb Estes; 1793 and 1794, A Osgood, N. 
Gerrish, Wm True; 1795, N. Gerrish, Mathew Dnrau, Samuel Merrill; 1796, N. Gerrish, Samuel 
Merrill, Reuben Tuttle; 1797, N. Gerrish, Samuel Merrill, Joseph Estes; 1798, N. Gerrish, Isaac Davis, 
Hugh Getchell; 1799, N. Gerrish, A. Osgood, Isaac Davis; 1800, A. Osgood, Isaac Davis, Caleb Estes; 
1801, Isaac Davis, George Ferguson, Caleb Estes; 1802, Isaac Davis, Caleb Estes, Josiah Burnham; 
1803 and 1804, Isaac Davis, J. Burnham, Joseph Knight; 1805, Joseph Knight, T. Pierce, Joseph Estes; 
1806 and 1807, Josiah Burnham, I. Davis, Joseph Estes; 1808, Josiah Burnham, Wm Stoddard, Thomas 
Pierce; 1809, J. Burnham, Isaac Davis, John Collins; 1810, I. Davis, J. Collins, Joshua Miller; 1811, I. 
Davis, J. Burnham, Thomas Pierce; 1812, T. Pierce, Job Sylvester, Jr, David Osgood; 1813 and 1814, 
J. Burnham, Secomb Jordan, Elijah Macomber; 1815, J. Burnham, Secomb Jordan, Thomas Pierce; 
1816, J. Burnham, Symonds Baker, Thomas Freeman; 1817, J. Burnham, E. Macomber, James Strout; 
1818, T. Freeman, E. Macomber, James Strout; 1819, Secomb Jordan, T. Pierce, Gideon Curtis; 1820, 
S. Jordan, T. Pierce, E. Macomber; 1821, Gideon Curtis, James Strout, Daniel Harmon; 1822, 1823, 
and 1824, J. Strout, E. Macomber, Thomas Pierce; 1825, Thomas Pierce, Joseph H. Hoyt, Ivory 
Warren; 1826, Thomas Pierce, Joseph H. Hoyt, Jacob Herrick, Jr; 1827, Jacob Herrick, Jr, T. Pierce, 
Simeon Bailey; 1828 and 1829, Jacob Herrick, Jr, James Strout, Waitstill Webber; 1830, James 
Strout, Allen H. Cobb, T. Pierce; 1831, James Strout, Jona. Strout, James Newell; 1832, Jacob 
Herrick, Jr, David Douglass, Wm Newell, Jr; 1833, 1834, and 1835, James Strout, Joseph Warren, 
Thos Estes; 1836, James Strout, Henry Moore, Joseph Reed, Jr; 1837, Joseph Warren, Joseph Reed, 
Jr, Simeon Bailey; 1838, Joseph Warren, S. Bailey, Thomas Estes; 1839, James Strout, Daniel 
Booker, Daniel Harmon; 1840, Joseph Warren, Jona. Strout, John Smith; 1841 and 1842, Joseph 
Warren, S.Bailey, Sol. Crosman; 1843, Sol. Crosman, Job P. Sylvester, Jr, Alvah Marston; 1844, 
James Strout, A. Marston, Joseph Warren; 1845, Ivory Warren, James Newell, Jer. Dingley; 1846, 
1847, and 1848, Joseph Warren, A. Marston, R. Drinkwater; 1849, Joseph Warren, A. Marston, Wm 
Robinson; 1850, Joseph Warren, R. Drinkwater, Wm Robin.son; 1851 and 18.52, Joseph Warren, 
R. Drinkwater, Wm Newell, Jr; 1853, Joseph Warren, Sewall Libby, Emery S. Warren; 1854, Jos 
Warren, E. S. Warren, David Bowe; 18.55, NeLson H. Caiy, Wm D. Roak, John D. Osgood; 1856, 
Joseph Warren, W. D. Roak, J. D. Osgood; 1857, Joseph Warren, Wm H. Johnson, Sewall Strout; 
1858, Wm D. Roak, John D. Osgood, Barnard Williams; 1859 andil860, Emery S. Warren, S. Strout, 
W. H. Johnson; 1861, Sewall Strout, H. C. Libby, R. C. Michaels; 1862, Sewall Strout, Gideon Brag- 
don, Washington Parker; 1863, Sewall Strout, W. Parker, Elisha Beal; 1864, Joseph Warren, E. S. 
Warren, Alfred Lunt; 1865, Joseph Warren, A. Lunt, James Strout, Jr; 1866, John D. Osgood, Joseph 
Miller, T. C. Pinkham; 1867, Wm D. Roak, Joseph Miller, Joseph H. Davis; 1868, Nathaniel Dun- 
ning, George Douglas, Jona. Haskell; 1869, Wm D. Roak, G. Douglas, Wm C. Hascall; 1870, Wm C. 
Hascall, J. H. Davis, John C. Merrill; 1871, Alfred Lunt, Wm B. Newell, A. Littlefield; 1872 and 
1873, Alfred Lunt, Charles W. Harding, Wm Lang; 1874, Chas W. Harding, Wm B. Newell, Daniel 
Dyer; 1875, Joseph W. Davis, Alfred Lunt, Benjamin W. Nason; 1876, Alfred Lunt, Joseph H. Davis, 
Leonard Macomber; 1877, Alfred Lunt, Chas W. Harding, Lewis C. Robinson; 1878, Joseph H. Davis^ 
Wm S. Miller, Henry Sylvester; 1879, Wm B. Newell, Joseph H. Davis, Henry Sylvester; 1880, Wm 
B. Newell, Lorenzo S. Lambert, Alfred Littlefield; 1881, Wm B. Newell, Leroy S. Bowie, Emery S. 
Warren; 1882, Alfred Lunt, Leroy S. Bowie, Willey L. Davis; 1883, Alfred Lunt, L. S. Lambert, 
John H. Merrill; 1884, L. S. Lambert, Wm B. Neweil, John H. Merrill; 1885, Alfred Lunt, Chas H. 
Bliss, Leroy S. Bowie; 1886 and 1887, Willey L. Davis, Samuel B. Libby, Chas M. Varney; 1888, Henry 
Sylvester, Chas H. Bliss, Rufus Parker; 1889 and 1890, Joseph H. Davis, Samuel B. Libby, Wm 
Stackpole; 1891, Horace M. Beal, William B. Newell, George H. Estes. 



796 History of Androscoggin County. 



CHAPTER XLVni. 

Prominent Early and Other Settlers — Congregational Church — First Free Baptist 
Church — Quakers — Methodist Episcopal Church — Baptist Church — Universalists — Tem- 
perance — Centennial — Growth and Prosperity — Hotels, Traders, Etc. 

PROMINENT Early and Other Settlers. — ilfry'oy- Cliarhs G-errii<h 
was born in Berwick, in 1718, and was the first settler of Royalsborough. 
He manied Mary Frost. Their children were Lieut William, Charles, 
Nathaniel, George, James, and Mary. Mary m. Abner Harris, and settled in 
Lewiston. Lieut William m. Esther Parker, in 1767. Children: Nathaniel, 
Betsey, Richard, Benjamin, Jane, James, Sarah, Molly, and William. Charles, 
Jr, m. Phcebe Blethen, in 1770. Children: Huldah, Betsey, Jeremiah, Mary, 
Chailes, William, Margaret, and Sally. Nathaniel m. Sarah Marriner, in 1777. 
Children: George, Hannali, Jose})h M., Loruhamah, Sarah, Abigail, Thirza, 
Moses, and Nathaniel. George, born in Royalsborough, June 16, 1753, died 
May 23, 1814, was a farmer and settled on the Major Charles homestead. He 
m. Mary Mitchell, of Freeport, December 20, 1781. Children: Susannah; 
James, who settled near the Major Charles homestead; John m. Joanna West, 
of Freeport, and settled on the old homestead; Charles and Mary. 

Li 1775 Elijah Douglas, of Middleborough, Mass., removed from Harpswell 
Neck to Royalsborough and settled on the John Plummer farm; he also owned 
much land. He united with the Friends, at Falmouth, in 1754. He died in 
1814, aged 94. His son, Joseph, m. Mary McFall. In 1781 he bought of 
Stephen Chase 100 acres of wild land in Roj^alsborough, for X213 6s. 18d, 
and built his log house. This farm was owned in 1873 by Albert Booker. 
Cornelius Douglas took a deed of land in 1776. He came from Harpswell and 
built the fifth house (of logs) in town. He died June 20, 1821. His son, 
Joshua, born September 8, 1794, was for many years an earnest minister of the 
Friends' Society. Joshua m. Jane Adams, June 11, 1818, and jjui'chased the 
Andrew Adams homestead near Plummer's mill, where he resided until 1835, 
when he bought a farm of 100 acres of Caleb Jones. He died January 21, 
1881. Children : Joseph, Eliza Jane, George, John, Charles, Joshua Lufkiu, 
and William Henr}-. Joshua Liifkin Douglas, born in Durham, now of Bath, 
married Helen L. Harvey. He moved to Bath in 1863, where he has been 
in trade many years. He is a Republican in politics. He is a member of 
the M. E. Church, was appointed class leader in 1864; is a steward, and has 
served as trustee of the church for several years. He has been secretary of 
Solar Lodge, F. & A. M., of Bath, for 18 years. He is much interested in 



Town of Durham. 797 



historical research, is a member of Maine Historical Society, and compiled and 
published "The Douglas Genealogy," issued in 1890. 

JShenezer Neivell, the first town clerk, settled on the rise of ground near 
the junction of the Freeport and Brunswick roads. Three generations of 
Ebenezers lived here. William (born in 1772), son of Ebenezer^ and Katherine 
(Richards) Newell, and brother of Samuel Newell, the missionary, married 
Anna Hoyt, and came from Newton, Mass., about 1802. He settled where 
George Rich lives, between Southwest Bend and West Durham. Among their 
children were John, William, Anna, David, Harriet. David became a clergy- 
man, had a large family of childi-en, and recently died in South Windham. 
His son, William B., now residing in Durham, is the father of Hon. William H. 
Newell, mayor of Lewiston. Samuel Newell, the missionary, was graduated 
from Harvard in 1807, and was one of the band of first missionaries to India, 
embracing Judson, Nott, and Mills. William Newell was often in positions of 
trust and was much esteemed. He died January 2, 1881, aged 81. To enlist 
in the Union army he dyed his hair and beard, was accepted, and became a 
noted nurse in the hospitals. He held many offices, and in the militia held 
every office from ensign to general. 

Captain Joshua Strout and wife Betsey (Cobb) Strout were natives of Cape 
Elizabeth, and came to Royalsborough before 1771. Of their children were 
Sarah, m. Nathaniel Gerrish ; Barnabas; Betsey, m. John Dow; Jonathan, m. 
Sarah Vining, was a sea-captain for 50 years; Mary, m. Isaac Lambert; Tam- 
erson, m. Abel Curtis; Abigail, m. Thomas Lambert; Dorothy, m. Simeon 
Blethen ; Ebenezer K. ; Joshua, and James. David B., son of Jonathan and 
Sarah (Vining) Strout, married Jane B. Lufkin, and died in 1890. He was a 
resident of Auburn over 30 years. He was a strong temperance man and a 
Universalist, and for many years conducted a large Bible class at the Auburn 
church and did much Sunday-school work in the rural districts of that city. 

Among the faaiilies here previous to 1800 were those of Lieut Wm Gerrish, Christopher 
Tracy, Ebenezer Newell, Joseph York, David D\^er, Abel True, John Mcintosh, John 
Stackpole, Aaron Osgood, Stephen Wesson, Pelatiah Warren, Capt. Samuel Nichols, John 
Lincoln, Benjamin Roberts, Matthew Duran, Nathaniel Osgood, Edward Woodbery, Simeon 
Sanborn, John Randall, Capt. William McGray, James Hebberd, John Vining, Ebenezer 
Bragdon, David Coffin, Isaac Turner, James Wilson, William Hoyt, Stephen Randall, 
Edward Fifleld, Enoch Newell, Joshua Miller, Samuel True, John Cushing, Jr, Henry 
Farr, Jr, Dr John Converse, Benjamin Osgood. Reuben Dyer, John Dow, Benjamin Vining, 
Josiah Burnham (a justice of the peace, and executed many deeds), Ezekiel Williams, 
Jacob Sawyer, Bachelder Ring, Hugh Getchell, Wm Mitchell, Capt. Isaac Davis, Dr 
Symonds Baker, Capt. 0. Israel Bagley, Francis Harmon, Ezekiel Jones, Samuel, Joel, 
Joshua, Moses, Phineas, Richard, and Robert Mitchell, Joseph Sawyer, Robert Hunnewell, 
Wm Wilson, Wm Phillips, Jonathan and Daniel True, John Coffin, Elisha Douglas, Enoch 
Davis, James Parker, Daniel Harmon, Michael Davis, Job Sylvester, David Gross, Andrew 
Adams, John Larrabee, Wm Webster, Joseph Knight, Thomas Proctor, James Blethen, 



798 History of Androscoggin County. 

John Skinner, Wm Newell, Harris and Harvey Garcelon, Isaac Lambert, Edward and 
James Estes (Quakers), Jonathan Beal, Joseph Parker, George Williams, Solomon Tracy, 
Waitstill Webber. 

Rohert Plummer^ born in Cape Elizabeth, March 1, 1761, and his wife, 
Zilpah Farr, born in Easton, November 3, 1768, were married August 29, 1786, 
and settled in Royalsborough. They had 10 children — William, Lucy, John, 
Abigail, Zilpah, Henry, Moses, James, John, and Dolly; all have passed away. 
Henry and the younger John settled in Durham. Henry was a shoemaker by 
trade, carried on his farm, and owned the Plummer Mills. It was largely 
through his influence and means that the brick meeting-house was built. He 
died in 1875 in his eightieth year. His sons settled in Lisbon and have been 
engaged in milling. George, Edward, and Charles have been members of the 
legislature. Edward is agent of the Androscoggin Water-Power Company and 
George is postmaster at Lisbon Falls. 

Martin Rourk came to America from Ireland in 1773, when 13 years old. 
He served through the war, and in 1783 came to North Yarmouth with his 
commander, Captain Lawrence. In 1788 he married the captain's sister, 
Elizabeth, and moved to Royalsborough as the first schoolmaster. In 1791 he 
was elected town clerk, and served until his death in 1807. His son William 
married Mercy Davis. Their son, Hon. William D. Roak, was born on the 
farm where he now resides. He married Ann S. Wagg, of Durham. Their 
children are Cyrus A., Algernon M., Millbury F., and R. Belle. Mr Roak is a 
Congregationalist and a Republican. He has held many official positions. He 
has been selectman, assessor, and overseer of the poor for five years, and for 
three years was chairman of the board of selectmen, and has served as town 
clerk, agent, auditor, and has been a member of the school committee nine 
years, county commissioner six years, representative two years, and state 
senator four years. In public and in private life he has been honest, fearless, 
and conscientious, and his official duties have been performed carefully and 
thoroughly. 

Ecclesiastical. — Congregationalism. — In 1775 Jonathan Bagley, in behalf 
of himself and the proprietors, notified the inhabitants of Royalsborough to 
meet and agree upon some place for building a house for public worship. In 
1789 a committee was chosen to provide to finish the house, etc. 1790, April 
5, voted to employ Rev. Abraham Cummings to preach to the amount of X18 
this year. 1792, voted to hire Mr Chapman for a year. 1795, raised .£30 for 
preaching. 1796, called Rev. Jacob Herrick, salary to be <£80, settlement of 
<£50, and 100 acres of land (ministerial land). Mr Herrick was ordained in 
March, 1796, and a small congregation gathered. May 9, voted not to pay 
Capt. Bagley <£35 for entertaining the council at the ordination. 1809, April 
9, the inhabitants of the North Parish in Durham voted to sell the overplus 
pews in the meeting-house to the highest bidder, at public auction. The pur- 



Town of Durham. 799 



chasers were : Barnabas Strout, pew No. 17, |81 ; Josiah Burnham, No. 18, 
$82; Job Sylvester, No. 15, 180; John Converse, doctor, No. 16, -180; Francis 
Harmon, No. 14, |80 ; George Williams, No. 13, -f 81 ; Dr Symond Baker, No. 
53, 139; Secomb Jordan, No. 64, -f 47 ; Rev. Jacob Herrick, No. 30, $53; 
Joseph Osgood, No. 31, $51 ; Matthew Duran, No. 69, 142 ; Elijah Macomber, 
No. 42, 146; William Newell, No. 54, |47 ; Capt. Jonathan Strout, No. 11, 
$72 ; Gideon Curtis, No. 12, $72 ; Nehemiah Hooper, No. 7, $65 ; Capt. Jona- 
than Strout, No. 8, $66 ; George Gerrish, Jr, No. 38, $51 ; Samuel Merrill, 
No. 72, $42; Dr Symond Baker, No. 34, $51; James Hubbard, No. 37, $44; 
Benjamin Osgood, No. 33, $46 ; Isaac Randall was awarded the contract for 
completing the outside work for the sum of $5i]6, and the inside work for 
$570. Francis Harmon was given the job of building the porch to the new 
meeting-house for the sum of $174. Capt. Thomas Chase was to complete the 
building, which was not finished until about 1805, and was afterward called 
the Centre meeting-house. It was located on the Freeport road about one-half 
mile from the village. This church was abandoned for religious services 
and went to ruin 40 years ago. Rev. Jacob Herrick preached here nearly 
40 years. He was tall, erect, and a noble-looking man ; and an earnest, ener- 
getic preacher, as devout as he was persevering, and much beloved by all. 
The Union church, on the hill near the Bend, was built about 1835 (after the 
old church was abandoned) by the Congregationalists, Methodists, and Bap- 
tists, and was used alternately by them. A Congregational church was built 
in the south part of the town, in the Stetson neighborhood, about 30 years 
ago. It was taken down and removed to South West Bend and is still in use. 
The following Congregational clergymen have performed ministerial labor 
since the close of Mr Herrick's pastorate : James Elliot, from November, 1845, 
to November, 1848 ; Jonas Fiske, from May 20, 1849, to September 12, 1852 ; 
Wm V. Jordan, from November 1, 1854, to November, 1855 ; John S. C. Abbott, 
from 1856 to 1857; Henry S. Loring, from January 1, 1857, to 1859; W. H. 
Haskell, from September 12, 1862, to 1869; Albert Bushnell, 1871; Chas 
W. Hill, 1872, 1873; Prof. Jotham Sewell, of Brunswick, 1874,1875; Prof. 
Richard Stanley, of Levviston, 1876, 1877, 1878; Richard Wickett, 1879-1885; 
Geo. W. Gould, of Lisbon, 1885, 1886, 1887 ; R. L. Sheafe, of Bangor, 1888 ; 
Prof. Thos L. Angell, 1889-1890. The church membership is 26. The Sabbath 
school is usually attended by from 35 to 50 pupils. 

The First Free Baptist Church of Durham was organized in 1781, being the 
eleventh church in the denomination. It was organized, probably, by Elder 
Benjamin Randall, for we find in that year he visited all of the churches and 
found them "in a very encouraging condition and walking in gospel order and 
union." This church, as all of the early churches, had its seasons of pros- 
perity and adversity. Very little is known of its history until 1829, when it 
was reorganized by Rev. George Lamb, of Brunswick, with these members, 



800 History of Androscoggin County. 

who have all passed away: Elijah Littlefield, Daniel Gould, Henry Plunimer, 
Christopher Tracy, Abram Metcalf, John Robinson, John Blethen, Mary 
Getchell, Margaret Tracy, Jane Gould, Lovina Tracy, Elizabeth Tracy. Soon 
after the church was reorganized, quite a large addition was made to its 
membership. For several years there was only occasional preaching from 
outside. Christopher Tracy and Henry Plummer were licensed to improve 
their gift, and the meetings were kept up without a settled minister until 1840. 
During this year there was a great revival and the church membership was 
largely increased. For the next 15 years the church enjoyed great prosperity. 
The meetings were held in three diiTerent school-houses, but these soon became 
too small to accommodate the people, and the question of a new meeting-house 
was agitated. A plan of a house was decided upon and Mr Henry Plummer, 
who had a deep interest in the progress and growth of this denomination, made 
the offer that if they would raise -1450 he would be responsible for the rest. 
The amount was raised, and Mr Plummer built the house in 1845, the cost 
beincf over $1,000. The building was dedicated November 20, 1845. After 
the church lost its visibility, Mr Plummer purchased the house and had it 
thoroughly repaired, and it is in good condition to-day. 

Quakers. — Among the first Friends were Samuel Jones, Joseph and Caleb 
Estes, Andrew Pinkham, and Elijah Douglass. Soon after, Samuel Weare, 
Robert Goddard, and Silas Goddard, moved from Falmouth. They held their 
first meeting in the house of Joseph Estes. The house was known as the 
"Old Hawkes House." They built a one-story meeting-house. A two-story 
addition was made in 1800, and in 1828 the whole was burned. The meetings 
were then held in the Old Hawkes House till the brick church was built. 
May 5, 1783, the plantation voted "Not to sett of the quakers to have school 
by themselves but to have the advantages of the Town School. 1785, voted 
that those people called frends ar sat of from Paen any School money to the 
Plantation this year." Among the first ministers were Samuel Jones and 
Joseph Douglas, who was a powerful preacher in the society, and devoted 
much of his time and energy to the cause of Christ. He died December 22, 
1821. Nathan Douglas^ (John,^ Elijah,^ Joseph,^ David,^) was born in Durham, 
January 18, 1812, and at the age of 22 commenced the work of the ministry 
at the Friends' meeting-house in Durham, and has since been the principal 
minister of that faith in town. His labors have been faithful, with satisfactory 
results. He has visited nearly every yearly meeting of Friends on this 
continent. His sermons are plain and direct, and he is beloved and respected 
by all who know him. In 1873 the society had about 180 members and 
five ministers. The meetings were largely attended by those of otlier denom- 
inations. Membership in 1890, 257. Charles W. Webber is the clerk. The 
church buildings are valued at about 12,000. 



Town of Durham. 801 



MefJiodi.sf Episcopal Church. — Durham was at first part of Bowdoinham 
circuit, which was formed in 1803, True Glidden preacher in charge, and 
upon invitation preached at the house of his uncle, Deacon William True, of 
Durham. Previously Asa Heath had visited and preached in Durham ; also 
James Lewis, of Gorham, a local preacher. In August, 1804, a quarterly 
meeting was held here, which resulted in a revival and 100 persons were 
converted and received into the M. E. Church. (Timothy Merritt supplied the 
place of the presiding elder, Joshua Taylor. This meeting. Sabbath day, was 
held in a grove, not far from the site of the present church building. Mr 
Merritt preached from Amos 7:ii; an exhortation was made by David Dudley, 
and prayer by James Lewis.) Among these were: George Ferguson, William 
Jones, John Tyler, Daniel Harwood, Abel True, Samuel True, John Hatch, 
Richard Doane, Jacob Randall, and their wives; also Deacon Daniel Harmon 
and wife; Deacon William True and wife joined the Methodists at this time, and 
many of the prominent families became followers of this faith, and the place of 
the revival has since been known as "Methodist Corner." In 1806 Durham 
circuit was made a separate charge, including Durham, Pownal, Danville, 
Lisbon, and Litchfield, Durham Class, iu\y 12, 1809: David Dudley, Eleanor 
Dudley, Richard Doane, Mary Doane, Edward Doane, Sarah Doane, Lemuel 
Roberts, Nabby Roberts, Thomas Roberts, Submit Roberts, Susanna Roberts, 
Daniel Roberts, Enoch Davis, Sally Davis, Mariam Brown, Reuben Roberts, 
Luther Plummer, Hannah Plummer. By some peculiar friendship or favor the 
General Court of Massachusetts deviated from its usual custom and granted 
an act of incorporation to this society in 1810, and a Methodist house of 
worship was built near Methodist Corner. (This house was remodelled and 
improved in 1867, and rededicated in February, 1868.) In 1814 the New 
England Conference held its session here, Bishop McKendree presiding. Since 
1840 Durham has been a separate charge or circuit. There are a goodly 
number of Methodists in town and the services are well sustained. This 
denomination has ever been zealous in good works and among its ministry are 
numbered several natives of the town. Rev. Allen H. Cobb, a Methodist 
preacher, a native of Barnstable, Mass., came to Durham in 1818 and was a 
valuable citizen. He died in 1856. He was a man of ability and left his 
impress upon the people. 

A Baptist Church was organized August 8, 1838, with these persons : Isaac 
Lambert, James Wagg, Jeremiah Dingley, Joel Moss, William Dingley, Isaac 
Lambert, Jr, Mary Lambert, Eliza Macomber, Isabel Jones, Dorothy Blethen, 
Hannah Richerson, Harriet Lambert, Julian Blethen, Betsey Bowe, Mary 
Mitchell, Lucy Lambert, Maria Dingley, Abigail Blethen, Sally Moss, Mary 
Barstow, Jael Farrow, Marian Downer. The introductory prayer was made by 
Brother Atkins, of the M. E. Church. The sermon was by Rev. E. R. Warren, 
and the right-hand of fellowship was given by Rev. R. C. Starr. An address 



802 History of Androscoggin County. 

was made by Brother Owen, and the organizing prayer was offered by Rev. 
Noah Hooper. Isaac Lambert was chosen and ordained deacon. The same 
month, the church was admitted to the Baptist Association at North Yarmouth. 
Rev. Noah Hooper was the first preacher. In 1839 two members were admitted 
by baptism, and in 1840 14 were received. In 1841 there were 41 members, 
and Rev. Mr Hooper became pastor for two years. In 1843 Rev. Moses 
Hanscom was called and remained 15 years, and his faithful labors added many 
members to the church. In 1851 there were 50 members and the church was 
at the height of its prosperity. From that time it has steadily declined. Its 
most earnest and energetic members either have died or left to join other 
churches. Rev. Mr Tucker, who succeeded Mr Hanscom, "labored hard," as 
an old member of the church puts it, "but with poor success." Since he left, 
the church has been unable to support preaching, and about five years ago was 
dropped from the Baptist Association. Only six scattered members remain, 
and the only vestige of the past prosperity of the church is the fine church 
building, which is owned in common with the Methodists. The last deacons 
were Isaac Lambert, A. Marston, William Dingley, and E. Titcomb. The 
Sabbath school had at one time 60 members. Deacon William Dingley being 
superintendent. 

The Universalist Church. — A small church building was erected by the 
Universalists at the Bend, about 1840. Some years prior to this, persons of 
this belief had occasional preaching at the old school-house below the Bend. 
Rev. Leander Hussey was first settled and preached two years ; Rev. L. P. 
Rand, three years; Rev. Mr Knowlton, from 1845 to 1850. He was a promi- 
nent worker in the temperance cause. Many of the members moved away 
from the place and preaching was not sustained. The building was burned 
and never rebuilt. 

Temperance. — The temperance question was agitated very early. Among 
the itinerant Methodist preachers of Auld Lang Syne was James Weston, a 
small man, scholarly and of fair ability. He was very zealous in advocating 
temperance, and, as at that time rum was sold in nearly all of the stores, he preached 
an able sermon on the subject, and a pledge was drawn up for circulation 
and signers. \\\ April, 1840, during the pastorate of Rev. Mr Knowlton, a 
Universalist clergyman, and an earnest worker in this cause, there was an exten- 
sive temperance revival and a very successful brotherhood of temperance 
workers was organized, called Temperance Watchmen, with the motto, "Tem- 
perance, Humanity and Progress." This was the parent society of many in 
Maine and did good work for over a decade, and sowed good seed which has 
borne fruit. There are now two flourishing societies of Good Templars here — 
Minnehaha and Crystal Rock lodges. 

Durham^ Centennial. — August 22, 1889, was celebrated the one hundredth 
birthday of the town, on the fair grounds. There was a morning parade of 



Town of Durham. 803 



fantastics and a procession, then the literary exercises, followed by a dinner 
at 12 M. At 2 P.M. about 1,500 people were ready to look at the races. 
Then followed music, addresses, etc. The address of welcome was by Rev. E. 
L. Warren ; prayer, Rev. John Cobb ; song, " Home, Sweet Home," by Mrs. 
Ada Gary Sturgis ; address by Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr ; responses: "The 
People of Durham," Dr D. B. Strout ; " The First Proprietor, Col Isaac 
Royall," Z. K. Harmon, Esq. ; " Progress in Temperance," Rev. I. C. Knowl- 
ton ; "Music in Durham," Dr T. M. Warren; music, chorus; poem by 
Elizabeth Converse Durgin ; music by the Durham Band; address by Hon. 
William P. Frye ; responses: "The Farmers of Durham," Hon. William D. 
Roak ; "The Mechanics," Lewis D. Robinson; "The Clergy," Rev. George 
Plummer; " The Teachers," W. H. Newell, Esq. ; "The Medical Profession," 
Dr C. E. Williams; "Missionaries of Durham," Rev. W. S. Hascall. The 
exercises were concluded by singing "America." 

Durham was at the height of its prosperity 50 years ago ; the tide of business 
seemed to flow towards the town, and many thought the little town would be 
a large city. The four stores at South West Bend did more business than 
those of Lewiston and Auburn combined. Even a milliner's shop was taken 
from Auburn to locate at the Bend. As a manufacturing town it ranked with 
the leading ones in the state. Saw and grist mills were on every stream. A 
steam saw-mill, a tannery, a chair factory, a ship-yard, and fulling mills kept 
up a hum of industry and employed numerous workmen. All about were 
signs of prosperity and growth; but the advent of the railroad changed entirely 
the flow of the business stream which formerly ran down the Androscoggin 
from the northern towns; the commerce from Vermont, New Hampshire, and 
other places was diverted into different channels, and Durham is now a purely 
agricultural town, with a population of 1,111, and a valuation of ''t<378,240. 
Many of her sons and daughters have achieved honor and renown, and rank 
high as statesmen, theologians, singers, and scholars. 

Hotels and Traders. — A house to accommodate the traveling public was 
kept by a Mrs Proctor. This inn was located on the banks of the Andros- 
coggin river, about one mile north of the Bend. In 1820, Joshua Miller, a 
native of Durham, moved to South West Bend and opened a tavern on the 
site of the Durham House, of which Abner Merrill is landlord. In 1834, in 
company with Reuben Higgins, he bought out the Dingley's store, and was in 
trade there about six years, when the partnership was dissolved. Mr Miller 
then retired from trade and resided on a farm until his death. Mr and Mrs 
Miller were very generous hearted people, and in their house the wayfarer 
found the comforts of a home. There was a public house kept for a few years 
at Methodist Corner by Mr Hoyt. At one time (between 1820 and 1848) 
there were four large stores at the Bend — Horace Corbett's, (James) Strout 
& (Rufus) Jordan's, Ivory Warren's, John Higgins's. Barnabas Strout traded 



804 History of Androscoggin County. 

at the Bend, and kept a hotel where Wesley Day now lives. Emery S. Warren, 
the present trader in the Strout & Jordan store, has been in business fifty 
years. John Randall had a small store very earl}'- at Methodist Corner (West 
Durham), and later there were two stores there. Now R. A. Rich conducts 
trade here. Jonathan Merrill traded in the store R. M. Strout now occupies, 
and in a preceding generation A. Merrill "traded and put up folks" also at the 
Bend. G. W. Keirstead and the Grange Store are now in trade at the Bend. 
A store at South Durham has been conducted by the Lunt family for years, 
the firm being* A. F. Lunt & Co. It is now A. F. & A. Lunt. There are many 
prosperous farmers in town. Among them are Everett L. Macomber, who 
resides about a mile from South West Bend village, and F. A. Harding, at 
West Durham. 

Emery S. Warren has been a merchant and trader for half a century, and 
conversant with town affairs, having served as town clerk, selectman, and 
chairman of the Board, and has also represented Durham in the legislature. 
Mr Warren married a daughter of Abraham Whitney, of Lisbon. His son, 
George E. Warren, conducts business with him, and has been town clerk for 
several years. Emery S. Warren was treasurer of Acacia Lodge, F. & A. M., 
for many 3^ears. 

Greorge W. Nichols^ son of David M. and Margaret (Doane) Nichols, was 
born in 1833 in Weld, Me. He is a great-grandson of Capt. Samuel Nichols, of 
Massachusetts. His parents and his grandfather, Thomas Nichols, were natives 
of Durham, and were of the Methodist faith. His great-grandfather was John 
Randall, an early settler. \n 1868 Mr Nichols established himself as a manu- 
facturer in Durham, and for several years made wagons and sleighs. At 
present he attends to the repairing and painting of carriages. He is a Repub- 
lican, has held the office of town clerk, and is a good citizen. His wife, 
Matilda, is a daughter of Greenfield and Sarah (Gerrish) Harris, and a 
descendant of Capt. Charles Gerrish. Children : Rozella M. (Mrs Ralph J. 
Haskell, of New Gloucester), Charles F., Sarah L. (Mrs Charles A. Merrill, of 
Auburn), Trull Doane, Annie H., and Mary O. 25 acres of the place now 
owned by George H. Estes was sold for taxes December 29, 1791, by "York 
Collector " for 17 shillings. This land was subsequently purchased by Richard 
Doane and was inherited by his grandson, George W. Nichols, who sold it 
about 1860, and it is now valued at #20 an acre. 

Jonathan JLUihy moved to Durham in 1847, and went into business as a 
cooper with Edward Dow. About 1850 he bought Mr Dow out, and was in 
the business until his death. May 25, 1882. He was a leading tem[)erance man 
and one of the first Republicans in town. He was in the legislature in 1868, 
and town treasurer from 1866 to 1869. Samuel B. Llbhi/, his son, born in 
North Yarmouth, January 29, 1843, had good educational advantages, and 
taught a winter school in Brunswick in 1861. He enlisted July 21, 1862, and 



Town of Durham. 805 



served until July 5, 1865. He was transferred to the signal corps with 
Colonel Dahlgren in 1864, was taken prisoner on the " Dahlgren raid," and was 
imprisoned at Andersonville and other rebel prisons until November 30, 1864, 
when he was paroled at Savannah. In January, 1868, Mr Libby again became 
a resident of Durham, and has since carried on the cooperage business. He is 
a Republican in politics and an indefatigable party worker. He was selectman 
and assessor in 1886, 1887, 1889, 1890. He is a past master of Acacia 
Lodge, F. & A. M., and of Eureka Grange; and is a member of Burnside Post, 
G. A. R., Auburn; Maple Coramandery, U. O. G. C; and Minnehaha Lodge, 
L O. G. T. 

William H. Field, son of Stephen and Mary (Sleeper) Field, was born in 
Lewiston, March 31, 1853. In 1878 he organized the Durham Packing Com- 
pany to carry on the corn packing business at South West Bend. From 100,000 
to 150,000 cans of corn were put up yearly until November 14, 1889, when the 
works were burned. Mr Field started the canning business at North Turner 
with Benjamin Keen, and since 1880 he, with Charles Gay, of Auburn, has 
owned a large corn-canning factory at New Gloucester as the Durham Packing 
Company, which he conducts. Mr Field is also a market gardener and stock 
raiser. His place. Riverside Farm, is pleasantly located on the Androscoggin 
at South West Bend, and he has some fine blooded horses. He married Cora 
Idella Hackett, of Minot. He is a Democrat and has served two years in the 
U. S. Army. 

Dr- Nelson IToward Cary, son of Simeon and Roanna (Howard) Cary, was 
born in Bridgewater, Mass., January 5, 1807. He came to Hartford, Me, in 
1815. He was graduated from Maine Medical School in 1828. He practiced 
at Ware, Mass., Gorham, Wayne, and Durham. In 1874 he relinquished practice, 
and died April 10, 1877. He manied, in 1829, Maria Stockbridge. They had 
six children, one of whom is the famous singer, Annie Louise (Cary) Raymond. 
In 1852 he married Julia S. Warren; they had one daughter, Mrs Ada (Cary) 
Sturgis. Dr Cary possessed broad common-sense, keen philosophy, and 
especially excelled in music. 

I)r W. R. Wright came to Durham from Farmington in 1856 and was in 
practice until 1870, when he removed to Bath. His son, Jonah L. Wright, 
M.D., born in Farmington, December 22, 1850, studied medicine with his 
father, Dr J. W. Small, at Bowdoin Medical School in 1873-4-5, and later in 
Boston with Dr Small, located as a physician at Richmond in 1878, at Lewiston 
in 1881, and at Durham in 1884. He belongs to Maine Eclectic Medical 
Society and was its secretary in 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881. 



806 History of Androscoggin County. 



TURNER, 



CHAPTER XLIX. 

Bouudaries — Township Grunted — Sylvester -Canada — Names of Proprietors — De- 
scription — Attempts at Settlement — Pioneer and Other Settlers— Inhabitants in 1780 — 
1790— 1800— Town Annals, Etc. 

TURNER lies on the Androscoggin river, embraces about 40 square miles, 
and is bounded southerly by Auburn and Minot, westerly by Hebron, 
Buckfield, and Hartford, northerly by Livermore, and easterly by Leeds 
and Greene. The township was granted in 1765 by Massachusetts to the heirs 
of Captain Joseph S3dvester and his company for services rendered in Canada, 
in 1690, and was in lieu of one previousl}^ granted in New Hampshire. It was 
called Sylvester-Canada, was to be "of the contents of seven miles square in 
the unappropriated lands," and " laid out adjoining to some former grants to 
the eastward of the Saco River," and had the usual stipulations, with the 
addition that 81 families were to be settled. Names of Proprietors: Joseph 
Atkinson, Samuel Bryant, Robert Buck, Nathaniel Bartlett, John Delano, 
Samuel Dwelly, Samuel Doughty, William Eaton, John Field, Eleazer Jackson, 
John Joyce, Cornelius Jones, John Kent, Joseph Knap, John Kingman, 
John Lambert, Arthur Low, Mark Lothrop, Edward Smith, Thomas Snell, 
Thomas Soper, John Silvester, Benjamin Sutten, Joseph Studley, Mathew 
Stetson, Samuel Sprague, Joseph Shelley, Benjamin Gannett, Paul Guilford, 
James Glass, Joseph Goold, Samuel Hunt, James Howard, Thomas Hiland, 
Isaac Hanmer, James Harris, Nathaniel Harlow, Nathaniel Holmes, Gershom 
Marble, Thomas Morton, Samuel Pittifer, Joseph Prior, Robert Pheney, 
Nathaniel Parker, Elnathan Palmer, Peter Roach, John Records, Capt. Jos. 
Sylvester, Edward Standley, James Snow, Moses Simmons, John Stetson, 
Stephen Totman, Lazarus Turner, Thomas Wild, Jabez Warren, Return Waite, 
Ebenezer White, Benony Wolly, John Wetherel. 

The proprietors located the township, returned a plan, and it was confirmed 
to them June 20, 1768, with these boundaries: "Beginning at a place in 
Androscoggin River called crooked Repels, six miles (as the River runs) above 
Androscoggin great falls, which is the easterly corner of Bakerstown so called, 
from thence running North 60° West, in the Northeasterly line of said Bakers- 
town, five miles and a half, to the northerly corner thereof, then running North 
26° East by Province Land Ten miles and 180 rods to a stake with stones 
about it, then running by Province land South 60° east 3 miles and 250 rods 



Town of Turner. 807 



to said River, thence running Southerly by said River to the bounds first 
mentioned." 3,200 acres were allowed for ponds. The surface is neither 
uneven nor rough, having few rugged hills and much good farming land. The 
Androscoggin, Nezinscot (or Twenty-mile) rivers, Martin's, and other streams 
water it finely and furnish water privileges. Numerous ponds abound; the 
largest are Bear, Pleasant, and Little Wilson ponds. A heavy growth of 
timber covered the township, and Dr French says " it was noted for its forests 
of pine of the best quality, and many of its majestic trees were sought for 
masts and spars." The soil where the pines grew most luxuriant is mostly a 
sandy or clay loam, but the land away from the streams is a gravelly loam, 
producing a plenitude of crops. Turner has always held high rank as an 
agricultural town, and the people are thrifty, intelligent, prosperous, and pro- 
gressive. Fruit grows in abundance, and there are some large orchards, that of 
A. S. Ricker, treasurer of the State Pomological Society, in 1891 yieldino- 1,300 
barrels of apples. The leading interest, however, is dairjnng. Great care has 
been taken to introduce the best stock, and it is perhaps the first dairy town 
in Maine. There are several dairy farms producing from 1,000 to 4,500 pounds 
of choice butter yearly, but many who keep cows send their milk to the 
factories. A high grade of intelligence, thrift, and prosperity has marked 
Turner from the first, many of its sons have been prominent in state and the 
nation, and the average wealth of its inhabitants is high for a town so far from 
business centres and railroad facilities. Its popuhition in 1850 was 2,537, and 
the highest tide was reached in 1860, when it was 2,682. From that date there 
has been a steady decrease to 1890, when the census gave 2,016 inhabitants. 
All Turner needs to grow and prosper is the building of the Androscoggin 
Valley Railroad. The scenery in many parts is lovely, the Oxford hills and 
northern mountains adding a touch of grandeur to the view, while along the 
rivers is a constant succession of pastoral beauty. The town can supply every- 
thing the most exacting summer tourist can desire, and alfords a delightful 
place to recuperate ; already summer boarding may be considered an industry. 
It has many water powers. (See page 42.) 

Although the proprietors early made efforts to furnish roads, it was long 
before their labors produced good results. Lots were laid out and the plan 
looked well, but the proprietors came not, settlers did not buy the lots, 
trespassers were boldly cutting the valuable pine, and in October, 1770, the 
proprietors chose a committee to prosecute them and burn the hay they had 
cut and stacked to facilitate their operations. Arrangements were also made 
to clear the road, later Upper street, which passed into Bakerstown and over 
Dillingham hill. In 1771 the proprietors, to meet the conditions of their 
charter, voted to give 30 lots to settlers, and, if they had no meadow, might 
cut hay on any proprietor's land for five years. In August they offered a 
bounty of X6 to each settler who should take a lot and clear five acres by 



808 History of Androscoggin County. 

November 1, 1772. Even this inducement failed. In April, 1771, they offered 
to any one who would build a saw-mill b}'' January, 1773, and a grist-mill by 
1775, two settling lots, and in August voted to get these mills built on best 
terms possible and to give X20 additional to the lots. April 15, 1772, an agent 
was appointed to influence the Court of Sessions to lay out and open a road 
from Little Androscoggin river, and Mr Josiah Smith was directed to procure 
some kind of conveyance for horses over that stream. A bounty of X4 10s. 
was offered to settlers locating between November 1, 1772, and July 1, 1773. 

In 1772 Daniel Staples, Thomas and Elisha Records, Joseph Leavitt and 
Abner Phillips became pioneers in Sylvester, and March, 1773, were voted the 
j£10 bounty on condition of "completing the terms of settlement." 

Jacob Leavitt,^ the fiitber of Joseph, came from Pembroke, Mass. The line of ancestry, 
in the sketch of Joseph Leavitt, in the "History of Turner," is incorrect. The writer 
of that sketch talies pleasure in correcting the error, which arose through consulting 
authorities by correspondence. Josiah ^ Leavitt had a sou, Jacob, born 1732 or 17.33, but 
he died unmarried. Israel.a brother of Josiah, ^ had a son, Jacob, born 1732 in Pembroke, 
and he is undoubtedly the patriarch of the Turner families. An unpublished work, by 
John S. Leavitt, late of Chicago (now in the writer's possession), is very full j the compiler 
was painstaking and faithful. From this genealogy I find that Solomon,'^ son of Israel, 2 
John^ (John 1 Leavitt was born in England in 1608, came to Dorchester, Mass., in 1628, 
removed to Hingham in 1636, and died in 1691), removed from Hiugham to Pembroke, 
and died at an advanced age. His son, Jacob,^ the patriarch of the Turner families, was 
born in Pembroke, February 4, 1732. He was married by Rev. Daniel Leires, of that town, 
to Sylvia Bonney, daughter of Ichabod Bonney, Esq., of Pembroke, March 15, 17.53. He 
removed to Turner, August 6, 1778, and died, January 25, 1814, aged 82 years. Mrs Sylvia 
(Bonney) Leavitt was born in Pembroke,- September 3, 1733, and died in Turner, December 
31, 1810. Jacob Leavitt was father of 13 children. His son, Joseph Leavitt, born in 
Pembroke, in 1755 or 1756, was among the first to enlist in the army of the Revolution. 
He served only one enlistment, subsequently coming to Maine as assistant to the govern- 
ment surveyors. He liked the country, and asked the surveyors of what is now Turner 
to assign a lot to him, which they did, next to the "meeting-house lot" on Dpper street, 
where he made a home, and lived and died. This is still known as the Joseph Leavitt 
place. He was married three times; first to Anna Stevens, 3 who bore him 8 children; the 
eldest, Joseph^ Leavitt, was born in 1777, and was the first white male child born in 
the town. His second wife, Hannah Chandler, bore him two children. His third wife, 
Elsea Caswell, was childless. As years passed on, Mr Leavitt opened his doors to travelers, 
though he never put up a "sign" of tavern. He built the first frame building in town, 
still an old landmark. His sterling integrity and liberal hand won friends while living, 

1 By Mrs Caroline W. D. Rich. 

-It may be of interest to state that the sister of his wife — Lydia, daughter of Ichabod Bonney — 
married Eleazer Hamlin, and was grandmother of Hannibal Hamlin — not great-grandmother, as the 
" Turner History " has it. 

3 It may be of interest to know that the mother of Maine's early humorist and poet, Seba Smith, 
was Aphia Stevens, sister of Anna, wife of Joseph Leavitt. 



Town of Turner. 809 



and left a memory greatly beloved and respected. His granddaughter — the writer of 
this sketch — is the seventh child of Annas (Leavitt) Stockbridge ; the sixth child, by his 
first wife, who was born in Turner, March 20, 1787, died in Auburn, February 19, 1870. 
The Leavitt family has been remarkable for longevity ; nearly all of Jacob Leavitt's 
children living to ripe age. Of Josephs Leavitt's children, most lived beyond threescore 
and ten years, some attaining a much greater age. 

In 1773 Peleg Wadsworth, Ichabod Boniiey, Jr, and Peleg Chandler per- 
formed such settlers' duties (probably by hiring the above young men to do 
the labor) as entitled them to three "settlers' lots," and Josiah Staples occupied 
another. Elisha Lake brought his family this year, but soon went away. 
Peleg Wadsworth, afterwards general, took an active part in lotting and selling 
the town, but did not become a permanent settler. Ichabod Bonney, Jr, did 
not become a resident until 1783. July 19, 1774, Ichabod Bonney was chosen 
by the proprietors to go to Sylvester and forward the building of a saw and 
grist mill, and was voted £4: a month and his own expenses. In 1775 Israel 
Haskell, Moses Stevens^ from New Gloucester, and Hezekiah Bryant from 
Halifax, came with their families ; Haskell in the spring, Bryant in the early 
summer, and Stevens later. This year the first division of lots was made, each 
proprietor receiving one, and 30 "settlers' lots " numbered. These were mostly 
on Upper and Lower streets, but a few were south of the village. No pro- 
prietors' meetings were held for some years, but their vigilant agent was 
securing valuable settlers and making their labors as easy as possible. By 
1780 there were here: Mark and Samuel Andrews, Jotham Briggs, Israel 
Haskell, Daniel Briggs, Abner, Richard, and Isaac Phillips, Daniel, Josiah, and 
Seth Staples, Deacon Daniel, Levi Benjamin, and Jabez Merrill, Jacob and 
Joseph Leavitt, Charles, Jr, and William Turner, Stephen and Hezekiah Bryant, 
Deacon Benjamin True,^ William Hayford, John Keen, Henry Jones, Ezekiel, 
Jr, William, and Jesse Bradford, James and Ebenezer Crooker, Moses Stevens 
(Mrs Stevens died in 1780, the first death), Samuel Blake, Malachi Water- 
man, Hezekiah Hill, most of them with families. Elijah Gilbert came about 
1783, bought four lots, embracing a part of the cedar swamp near " Gilbert 

1 Moses Stevens married, second, Mrs Hannah Davis, of Gloucester, Mass. His children were: 
Anna, m. Joseph Leavitt; Jacob, m. Martha Sawyer; Mary, m. Isaac Phillii^s; Elizabeth, m. Oliver 
Turner; 3Ioses, m. Nancy Smith; Alpha, m. Seba Smith; Michael, m. Polly Bryant; Lydia D.,m. 
Alden Blossom. His descendants are numerous in the county, and are among the valued and respected 
citizens. (See page 610.) 

-Deacon Benjamin True came from New Gloucester. His wife was Rhoda Merrill. Their sons 
were Giles. Jabez, Benjamin. Deacon True died in Livermore in 1814. He was a man of genuine 
unostentatious piety, gentleness, and humility; his candor and liberality upon all subjects of religious 
controversy, softened the asperities and commanded the respect of all who came within theintiuence 
of his example. Col Philip True died in South Turner, December 15, 18«.5, aged 94 yrs. 2 mos. 25 days. 
His wife, Sophia Beals, died July 1, 1889, aged 95 yrs. 1 mo. 15 days. They were born in Auburn, 
were married November 25, 1813, and in 1823 bought the Parson Strickland farm, where they passed 
the rest of their 72 years of married life. He was a noted temperance worker. 



810 HiSTOEY OF Androscoggin County. 

hills," between Upper street and the river. He m. Mrs Hannah (Stetson) 
Randall; children: Josiah, Elijah, Eunice, Caleb, Hannah, James D. Josiah 
m. Bethany Day ; children : Daniel, Clarissa, Olive, Luther, Sarah, Randall, 
Lovica. Caleb m. Diana Curtis ; children : Lewis (see page 525), Caleb, 
Diana, Franklin, Melzar, Hiram. By second wife, Achsah Burgess, had 
children: Achsah, Elijah, Mary, Love. Hon. Washington Gilbert, of Bath, 
son of James D., was a lawyer of ability, judge of probate eight years, a 
candidate for member of Congress, and in 1875 a member of the commission 
to revise the state constitution. He died in 1890, aged 74. 

The growth was now rapid, and April 26, 1786, the proprietors voted to 
consent to the incorporation, and named the town in honor of Rev. Charles 
Turner. 

Turner was incorporated the 47th town, July 7, 1786. Ichabod Bonney^ 
called the first town meeting, held at the meeting-house, March 6, 1787. Dr 
Daniel Child was chosen moderator; Benjamin True, clerk; Ichabod Bonney, 
Benjamin True, Israel Haskell, selectmen; Samuel Blake, treasurer; Moses 
Stevens, Jeremiah Dillitigham, Stephen Bryant, Henry Jones, surveyors; 
Stephen Bryant, Israel Haskell, wardens. In 1788 <£80 was raised for roads, 
and one from the Centre through Lower street, one from the meeting-house to 
Lower street school-house, one down Cary hill to Blake's mill, and one from 
Upper to Lower street by Nelson Jones's were established. Voted <£12 for 
school and <£33 for Parson Strickland salary "to be paid in silver." In 1789 
<£40 was raised to build three school-houses. 

The population was 856 in 1790. The heads of families and dates of coming 
were, according to Dr Howe: — 

Mark Andrews, 1780. Samuel Blake, 1777, located on mill lot. Ichabod Bonney, 1783. 
John Bonney, 1789. Ezekiel Bradford, 1780, lot 60. Ezekiel Bradford, Jr, 1784. Jesse 
Bradford, 1783, lot 171. Jotham and Jotham, Jr, Briggs, 1778, lot 47. Stephen Bryant, 
1778, lot 74. Daniel Child, 1781, lot 78. Jacob Davis, 1790. John Dillingham, 1780. 
Daniel French, 1781, lot 72. Nathaniel Gilbert, 1783. Israel Hascall, 1775, lot 27. Caleb 
House, 1783. He had served in the French War and the Revolution. Henry Jones, 1779, 
lot 77. Jacob Leavitt, 1778. Jabez Merrill, 1778, lot 58. Daniel Merrill, 1778. Nathan 
Niles, 1780. Abner Phillips, 1776, lot 28. Mary Phillips, 1779. Jazial Smith, 1787. Jazial 
Smith, Jr, 1790. Josiah Staples, 1777, lot 49. John Strickland, 1784. Benjamin True, 

'^Ichabod Bonney was born in Pembroke, Mass., September 3, 1737. He took a prominent part in 
the efforts for the settlement of Turner, acquired a settler's lot in 1773, served as an officer in the 
Revolution, and removed to Turner in 1783. He married, first, Mary Turner, of Pembroke. Their 
children were Ichabod, Mary, John, Sarah, Joseph, Nabby, and Sylvia. Mr Bonney married, second, 
Rhoda House, September 13, 1801. He resided in the west of the town, near the old muster field. He 
died February 25, 1807, sincerely lamented by a large circle. His name appears often as chairman of 
the selectmen and town clerk. Of his descendants William L. Bonney, son of Ichabod and Polly 
(Lowell) Bonney, has been a merchant for many years, filled many town offices, has been a member of 
the Baptist church for 33 years, and is senior deacon. Mr Bonney married a daughter of Sumner 
French. Their son, Percival Bonney, of Portland, is Judge of the Superior Court of Cumberland 
county. 



Town of Turner. 811 



]780. Samuel Andrews, 1780. Caleb Blake, 1777. Isaiah Bonney, \78',i. Ichabod Bonney, 
Jr, 1783. Wra Bradford, 1777, lot 56. Chandler Bradford, 1783, lot 47. Martin Bradford, 
1788, lot 62. Daniel Briggs,' 1777, lot 48. John Brown, 1790. Hezekiah Bryant, 1775, 
lot 58. Joseph Copeland, 1790. Jeremiah Dillingham, 1780. Andrew Elliot, 1788. Elijah 
Gilbert, 1783. Samuel Gorham, 1780. Wm Hayford, 1778. Benjamin Jones, 1780. John 
Keen,2 1777, lot 34. Joseph Leavitt, 1776, lot 53. Levi Merrill, 1778. Benaiah Niles, 1780. 
Richard Phillips, 1780, lot 39. Richard Phillips, Jr, 1777. Jonathan Pratt, 1790. Laban 
Smith, 1790. Asa Smith, 1790. Moses Stevens, 1775, lot 32. Seth Staples, 1778, lot 33. 
Job Young, 1788. [Daniel Cary settled on lot 76, Ezra Cary on lot 26, and Joshua Barrell 
on lot 46, but were not in the census of this year.] Many of these were soldiers of the 
Revolution. 

In 1791 the selectmen were allowed 16 shillings for services. In 1794 
XlOO was voted for building bridges over Twenty-mile river; one above 
Blake's dam, the other at " Mr True's waiding-place." From 1780 to 1820 the 
amount for schools increased from <£20 to -fSOO (sometimes -^450) annually. 
Four districts were formed in 1796, and from this time capable men were 
chosen on school committees. 

Rev. Paul Coffin, the missionary, says in his journal: "1796, June 29. Rode 
to Turner from Buckfield, having on my left Twenty-mile river. Turner is 
beautiful. The roads, houses, and farms make the town appear old, improved, 
and ver}' agreeable. This was much the prettiest place seen since I had left 
Gorham. Visited Brother Strickling the parson. Put up with Dr Hay, who 
boards with a Mr Leavitt, whose house, farm, and situation are elevated and 
good. This town is 25 years old and yields to few inland towns in America for 
its agriculture." 

Habits of the Settlers. — Hon. Washington Gilbert, late of Bath, in his 
centennial address said that "A frugal industry marked their ways. Hence 
they were enabled to subdue an unbroken forest, to overcome the difficulties 
of frontier life, where everything was to be created by labor out of the natural 
resources of the country, and through privations and hardship) to attain to 

1 Daniel Briggs and wife, Silence (Hart) Briggs, came from Taunton. Children: Daniel, Silence, 
Abiathar, Arauna, Anna, Betsey, Hart, John, Lydia. D. J. Briggs, grandson of Daniel Briggs and 
son of Hart and Phebe Jones Briggs, was born in Turner on the farm where he now resides. He 
married Anna C. Cary, a descendant of Dr Luther Cary. He was commander of an independent 
company of militia and for live years connected with the first cornet band in town. He was one of the 
charter members of Turner Grange, No. 23, P. of H., also a member of Androscoggin County Grange, 
and has held offices in both organizations. He is a member of the Turner Centre Dairying Associa- 
tion and of the Farmers' Protective Union, and was for three' years a member of the Board of Agri- 
culture from this county. He is a farmer, a breeder of American Jersey cattle and Southdown sheep, 
and has paid attention to orcharding. 

-John Keen came from Tavinton. He married Jerusha Blake, who died January 17, 18.31, aged 92. 
By her retentive memory she aided much in preserving the early history of the town. Children: 
Keziah m. Meschech Keen; John; Jerusha, m. Elijah Fisher; Elisha, m. Anna Briggs; Mary B., ra. 
John Munroe; Grinfill, m. Molly Rose; Mercy, m. Bradford Rose; Rebecca, m. Elisha Pratt; Edward, 
m. Hannah Kingsley; Priscilla, m. Gushing Phillips. 



812 History of Androscoggin County. 



general thrift and competence. Their frugality descended to minute things. 
Children were taught that it was sinful to suffer a kernel of corn to be wasted. 
The pipe was lighted by a coal from the hearth, or by a blazing sliver first 
lighted at the open fire. The burning coals were preserved on the hearth over 
night to rekindle the fire on the following morning. No expense of match or 
tinder box vexed the finances of the family until competence had been reached. 
Such was the diligent care of the elders." 

The population in 1800 was 710. 85 deaths occurred from 1790 to 1800. The new- 
comers were : James Alden, 1792. Moses and Benjamin Alden, 1795. Isaiah Bouney, 1792. 
Samuel Bowing. Wait and Simeon Bradford, 1792, Arthur Bradmau. John Brown, 1798. 
Alden Blossom, 1800. Benjamin Conant,i 1795. Luther Gary, 1798. Zachari Gary, 1800. 
Benjamin Chamberlain, 1792. Zachariah Chickeriug. Jonathan Gushman. Benjamin 
Evans, 1795. William Hariden. Samuel Irish. Sylvester Jones, 1795. Samuel Kinsley. 
Isaiah and Gyrus Leavitt, 179G. William, and William, Jr, Loring, 1791. John Loring, 
1792. Joseph Ludden, 1791. Levi Ludden, 1796. Galeb Lumbard, 1796. Willard Mason, 
1799. William May. Abijah Morse. Samuel Pumpilly. 1792. Benuet Pumpilly, 1791. 
Dan Pratt, 1799. Elisha Pratt, 1797. Job Randall, 1797. Samuel Roberts. Nathaniel 
and Jesse Robertson, 1798. Nathaniel Sawtell, 1798. Simon and William Silly. Moses 
Smith, 1792. John Soul, 1794. Samuel Spear. Moses Swett. Judah Teague, 1798. 
Abner Thayer, 1791. Robinson Turner, 1793. John Turner, 1798. Ephraim and Gharles 
Turner, 1792. John Turner, 2d, 1796. Daniel Tattle. Isaac Washburn. Southworth 
Washburn. James Whitman, 1797. Nathaniel Shaw, 1800. 

In 1802 a number of families became residents; among them those of Caleb 
Brown, John Cobb, Francis Cushing, Stephen Drew, David Hale, David Talbot, 
Reuben Thorp, David Hood. In 1804, voted (for the first time) for presi- 
dential electors ; also to annex the north part of the town to Livermore, and 
to form a new county. In 1805 the Universalist Society was allowed "to use 
the meeting-house a portion of the time." From 1803 to 1806 the voting list 
was increased b}^ James Lara, Caleb Snell, Oliver Pollard, James Torre}^ John 
Streeter, Elisha Sylvester, Simeon Waistcoat, Martin Leonard, Stephen Safford, 

^Benjamin Conant, born in 175G in Bridgewater, Mass., served in the Revolution, and came in 1795. 
His wife was Elizabeth Hooper. His sons, Marcus, Benjamin, Hooper, and Hezekiah, passed their 
lives here. Ben/a/n/n,'- born in 1794, died in 1868. He m. Alethea Staples. Children: Alonzo, Leonard, 
Abigail, Betsey, Benjamin, Clarissa, Hezekiah, Lewis, Oscar, and Almeda. Hooper, born July 10, 1793, 
m. Anna Keene. Children: Calvin, Anna B., Lot, Wiuslow, Lucetta K., and Isaac. Silvanys Conant, 
born in Bridgewater, May 23, 1747, was a Revolutionary soldier, moved to Turner, where he died June 
22, 1828. He had one son, Sylvanus, who served in the War of 1812. Sylvanus m. 1st, Mary Packard, 
and 2d, Patience Flagg. Children: Everett Q., Edwin A., Mary A. (m. (1) Henry Tuttle, (2) Solon 
Chase, of Buckfleld), Martha J., John A., Horatio G., and Sylvanus M. Benjaitiin^'^ born in Turner, 
Septembers, 1825, settled in Auburn, and, in 1850, formed with Lewis Bradford the firm of Bradford & 
Conant, which, in 1852, engaged in the furniture business. Mr Conant died in 1885. Anna B. Conant, 
born in 1818, m. Isaac Haskell, of Auburn. Children: Ellen M., m. S. P. Merrill; Kate F., m. W. E. 
Holmes; Lizzie H., m. A. M. Peables, M.D.; Frank A.; Annie C; I. Newton; F. Nelson; Charles S. 
Calv'm, born June 15, 1817, m. Celia Staples. Children: Winslow; Charles S.; Phoebe A., m. James 
W. Talbot; James A.; Olivia C, m. Wm R. Dill; George C; Lizzie E., m. C. C. Young; Albion L. ; 
Lois D., m. F. P. Talbot; Henry F.; Hannah A.; Frederick L.; Alonzo L. Everett Q., born April 2, 
1809, in Turner, m. Lurania Turner, of Livermore. 



Town of Turner. 813 



Dr Timothy Howe, and others. In 1807 the "river road was laid out," and 
66 votes were cast for and 33 against " making Maine a state." Up to 1810 
many roads were laid out, and large sums for those days were voted for 
highways. The work of clearing the fields and building a better class of 
houses and barns had commenced, and some sections had quite a garden-like 
appearance. In 1810 there were 1,128 inhabitants, and a bounty on crows of 
17 cents was voted. In 1811 dangers threatened ; |50 was voted for a powder- 
house, and in 1812 a committee was chosen to consider "our present alarming 
situation," and ascertain how best to secure volunteers for the army.' In 1814 
$500 was voted for a bridge across Twenty-mile river. In 1815, petitioned the 
legislature for permission to divide the interest of ministerial fund. In 1816, 
voted 75 for, 65 against erecting Maine into a state. In 1819, 151 votes were 
cast for, 15 against, forming the state of Maine, and Gen. John Turner and 
Dr Philip Bradford were chosen delegates to the convention to form a state 
constitution. In 1820, the population was 1,720, 286 families, 287 persons 
engaged in agriculture, 35 in manufacturing. In 1821 David Talbot and Alden 
Blossom were licensed as "inn-holders," Cyrus Clark, William Parris, Alden 
Blossom, and Isaac Chase "to retail strong liquors." In 1822 "voted to 
indemnify the trustees of the school fund from harm in consequence of a part 
of the interest of said fund being expended in a common English school." 

1823, raised $600 for roads. Men to have $1 per day till the middle of July, from then 
to December 75 cents, and 50 cents in other mouths ; oxen 75 cents per day. Raised $500 for 
schools, $500 for the poor. The poor were bid off at auction, at from 16 to 25 cents a week. 
1824, cattle, excepting cows, were prohibited from running at large. Voted the town pay every 
soldier doing duty at the brigade review, 20 cents in lieu of rations. 1826, raised $1,000 
for highways and bridges. 1827, voted to build Meadow Brook bridge. 1828, appointed a 
committee to see if deeds could be obtained of the burying places. Instructed the high- 
way surveyors not to furnish liquor to laborers. 1829, raised $300 for a county road near 
the Androscoggin river. 1830, voted to build a town house. Population 2,218. 1831, 
located the town house, and raised $300 to build it. 1832, raised $1,000 for schools. 1833, 
prohibited cattle from running at large. 1834, voted to open a road and build a bridge 
near Philip Williams's. 1835, accepted the road from Snell's hill to the road from Turner 
village to Minot. 1836, raised $3,500 for roads and bridges. 1838, bought a town farm. 

1839, raised $6,100 for town expenses. Chose a committee for surplus revenue fund. 

1840, population 2,479; 1,.365 engaged in agriculture ; 192 in manufacture and trades; 7 
in professions ; 1 in navigation ; 13 Revolutionary pensioners; 1 deaf-and-dumb person; 5 
insane persons ; . grammar school ; 10 grammar scholars; 17 primary schools ; 1,067 scholars 
between 4 and 21 ; 10 scholars at public charge ; 8 white persons over 20 years of age 

1 Wa7- f 1812. — Judge Prince says in his sketch of Turner: "In this war the following served on 
the CaDu.da frontier one year or more: Capt. Stephen Turner, Isaac Allen, James Allen, James Allen, 
Jr, J'lcob Merrill, William Lombard, Theodocius Merrill, Peter Lombard, John Bailey, Charles 
Staties, Josiah Keen, Israel Smith, Jacob Keen, and Barnet Pumi)illy. The two companies of 
infantry, commanded by Captains Seth Staples and Aaron Soule, and one of artillery, Capt. Leonard 
Richmond, were ordered to Portland in September, 1814, where they served two weeks, when one-half 
were drafted for 40 days longer. The artillery also remained. Benjamin Jones furnished nine sons. 



814 History of Androscoggin County. 

who cannot read and write. For the next four years much action was taken concerning 
roads. ]845, voted to repair or rebuild the bridge near Zebulon Bearce's and alter Lower 
street. 1846, raised $-3,000 for roads and bridges. Chose a committee to prosecute 
violations of the license law. 1849, voted to accept the road from John Swett's to Samuel 
Barren's. Annexed lands of Richard Hutchinson, of Hartford. 1850, appropriated $100 for 
a bridge across Martin stream. 1851, built a bridge across Twenty-Mile river. Raised 
$1,200 for schools. 1853, voted to build a covered bridge at Turner village, and to raise 
$1,000 for that purpose. Voted to build a permanent covered bridge at Bradford's village. 
1854, raised $8,900 for town expenses. 1855, voted to build a "Kingpost" bridge near 
Daniel Russell's. 18.")6, elected William R. French supervisor of schools. Voted to sell 
the town farm. 1857, deeded the burying-ground at Turner village to a corporation. Voted 
to purchase the Martin Harris farm for a poor farm. 1858, voted to pay $2,433 for building 
the river road. 1859, Charles E. Bradford supervisor of schools. Raised $] ,.521 for schools. 

1860, renewed the marks and bounds between Turner and Auburn, Buckfield, Hebron, 
and Miuot. 1861, chose superintending school committee in place of supervisor. 1862, 
raised $2,700 for poor and town charges; $1,610 for schools; $5,000 for roads and 
bridges. Voted to exempt from taxation all manufactories of cotton and woolen fabrics, 
hereafter erected in town. 1863, opened the county road from Cushing's school-house 
to Farmington road. Raised $1,050 to build a covered bridge across Twenty-mile river, 
near Benjamin Briggs's. 1864, raised $450 to build bridge at Keen's Mills. 

Action in the Rebellion. — Turner sent 319 soldiers to the Union army; paid $62,445 in 
bounties; $l,575for soldiers' relief; $6,782.11 aid to families. 1861, August 26, authorized the 
selectmen to provide for volunteers' families, and hire $300 for that purpose. 1862, April 12, 
voted $300 for soldiers' and sailors' families. July 26, instructed the selectmen to hire 
$3,000, and to pay $100 to new volunteers within 15 days. August 23, voted to pay 
nine-months' men $20 each when mustered into service; to pay $30 to his wife or to whom 
he may designate. 1863, November 4, voted to pay $100 to each volunteer under the last 
call. November 28, voted to pay to each volunteer $250 in addition to the $100. 1864, 
February 9, instructed the treasurer to hire $800 to pay to soldiers' families. August 6, 
authorized the selectmen to open recruiting ofiQces in town, and voted to pay $25 to each 
volunteer or substitute. Instructed the selectmen to solicit subscriptions to obtain volun- 
teers. August 10, instructed the selectmen to give a town note (not exceeding $20,000) to 
each individual for amount paid by him to obtain volunteers to fill the quota under the call 
for 500,000 men. August 20, instructed treasurer to hire $1,000 to furnish aid to families. 
August 26, voted to pay $300 for one year's service. September 2, to give each man who 
furnishes a substitute a three-years' note of $300. 1865, January 10, voted $12,000 to fill 
the quota, and to pay $300 for one year, $400 for two years, $500 for three years. January 
17, voted to pay $300 to each drafted person who serves one year. February 11, voted 
to raise $5,000 additional. March 1, voted to pay $200 to each volunteer under the present 
call. 

1866, voted to fund the town debt. 1867, raised $16,000. 1868, Chose ?hillips Bradford 
and Isaac Teague to superintend the building of Russell bridge. 1870, chose u committee to 
investigate town affairs. 1873, abolished school districts. Raised $500 for free high schools. 
1875, raised $5,500 for roads and bridges. 1877, raised $1,500 for a school-'^ouse at 
Turner Village. Chose Rufus Prince to purchase a hearse, etc., expenses not to exceed 
$400. 1878, appropriated $10 to Wilson Post for Decoration Day. 1879, directec" the 
selectmen to prepare a suitable landing at Maybury's Ferry. 

1880, a hard -fought battle between Democrats and Republicans at annual meeting; 
elected for first and second selectmen, Democrats, and for third selectman a Republican, 



Town of Turner. 815 



after balloting21 times. 1883, J. T. Gushing, supervisor of schools. Raised .$2,700 for schools, 
and $180.50 for high schools. Voted to buy a road-machine and to open the county road 
from C. H. Barrell's to F. A. Allen's. 1884, instructed the selectmen to build a school- 
house in the French district. Money raised, $8,198. 1885, voted to open two new roads. 
1886, Elisha Pratt, supervisor of schools. Voted that the centennial committee be allowed 
$500; also to rebuild the school-house at Turner Village. 1887, raised $3,500 for roads 
and bridges. 1888, raised $1 ,600 to pay on town debt. E. V. Stevens, supervisor of schools. 
1890, A. T. Gilmore supervisor of schools. Wm B. Bradford, treasurer; Walter B. Beals, 
town agent. Money raised, $8,825. 1891, raised $10,000 for town expenses. 



CHAPTER L. 



County Roads and Taverns — Industries, Traders, Etc. — Turner Village — Turner 
Centre— North Turner — Keen's Mills —Chase's Mills— Bridges — Civil List. 

COUNTY ROADS and Taverns, Industries, Traders, Etc. John 
Keen hung out the first tavern sign in 1792, one-half mile north of Jacob 
Leavitt's house. I)r Howe says that the first county road was completed 
in 1806 on the route between Farmington and Portland, the main thoroughfare 
for nearly 20 years. Upon it the taverns of Joseph Leavitt (the first in town), 
Gen. Alden Blossom (who was also in trade for years alone and in company 
with Martin Leonard), Isaiah Leavitt and David Talbot were located. In 
1825 a new county road was opened between Farmington and Portland, 
through North Turner and Turner Village. Isaac Gross opened a hotel at the 
village in 1835, which he kept for 16 years. Wm S. Young opened one at 
North Turner. The same year a county road was located on the route from 
Concord, N. H., to Augusta. Major Seth Real opened a tavern on this road 
near the Androscoggin, and Church Leavitt one at North Turner Brido-e. 
The road from Buckfield to Monmouth, crossing the river at Turner Centre 
Bridge, was also opened tliis year. Ezekiel Martin kept a tavern on the county 
road along the Androscoggin. Mark Andrews was the first trader in town. 
He kept his goods in his saddle-bags for some years. He and his brother, 
Samuel, who came in 1779, were soon in company as traders on the farm on 
Lower street, so long occupied by Rev. George Bates. In 1786 Mark Andrews 
bought lot 76 in first division, and in deed was called of Berkeley. In 1793 
some of the stock was spelling-books, mouse-traps, jew's-harps, fish-hooks, 
penknives, buttings, tacks, biscuit, gingerbread, and cakes. John Loring 
opened a store on Upper street in 1792. He afterwards was at the village. 
William Bradford, here in 1777, was a blacksmith and farmer. Daniel French, 
1781, was the first tanner; at first he pounded his bark with a hammer. 



816 History of Androscoggin County. 

Joseph Ludden, 1791, was an iron worker, and the principal blacksmith for 
years. Aaron Rogers and Caleb Bourne had blacksmith shops at the village 
in 1818. 

Turner Village. — Samuel Blake contracted with the proprietors in 
1774 to "build a grist and sawmill within one year from October 25th, and 
keep them in repair for 12 years," he to receive the mill-lot, the preparations 
already made for building, and X33-6-8 L. M. This mill was built at Turner 
Village, and destroyed by the freshet of 1785. This was a great loss to the 
settlers, but they dug out stump mortars in which to crush corn, and a small 
mill was put up east of " Meeting-house hill," which made meal until the water 
froze. Samuel Andrews applied a windmill to his mortar. After one year 
Blake's new mills were in operation, and this power has been in use almost 
continually since. Major Oliver Pollard owned the mills from 1800 to 1817, 
when Col Cyrus Clark became owner, rebuilt the saw-mill, and ran it many 
years. It passed through several hands before it was burned in 1856, when it 
belonged to Solon Chase and Daniel French, who rebuilt it, and later sold to 
Charles Blake and Asa Jones. Mr Jones sold it in 1885 to Charles F. Willard, 
who also bought the tannery of Lucius Dresser (started by him in 1840), and 
put in a box and lumber mill, where he employs from 15 to 30 hands. The 
grist-mill, inherited by Gen. Philo Clark, was burned in 1856, and one of the 
best of modern mills was erected; it is operated by W. B. Beals. Before 
1800 a fulling mill was built at Turner Village by David Gorham, who was 
succeeded successively by Alanson Cary and Isaac Gross. The latter carried 
it on from 1820 until it was discontinued in his old age. He held many public 
positions, and was Republican elector in 1856. He died January 12, 1881, 
aged 85. About 1810 Nathan Cole built oil and carding mills, which were run 
by several Coles. The oil-mill, later owned by Payne Merrill and Melzar 
Gilbert, was closed in 1886, and John Donham built a carriage factory on its 
site, which was burned in 1856, rebuilt, and enlarged for a carriage and box 
factory. Benjamin W. Knapp, born in Danville in 1837, was the next owner. 
He is a Methodist and a useful citizen, and now carries on carriage making. 
Wm B. Bray, George Mitchell, and Hiram Donham enlarged and changed the 
carding-mill to a tub, churn, and pail factory, which was burned in 1856. 

The Turner ManufaeUiring Compariy was incorporated in 1836 with Job 
Prince, Major Hiram Clark, Isaac Gross, Gen. John Turner, and Charles Snell, 
directors; Gen. Alden Blossom obtaining the charter. A large brick building 
was built, but the panic of 1837 stopped the work until 1840, when Merrill, 
Cole & Co. began to make flannels, satinets, etc. After passing through 
several owners Dwight T. Faulkner purchased the property and made flannel 
until the mill was burned in 1856. In 1862 the mill was rebuilt, and it has 
been in operation most of the time since. It employs 50 hands and does a 
yearly business of $50,000. It is the largest factory of the town, and Francis 



Town of Turner. 817 



T. Faulkner,^ the proprietor, who has had charge of the business since 1862, 
has often run it at a very small profit in order to help his employes. 

F. H. Mitchell tf Co. employ 8 to 10 men in making fancy saddler}'-, and do 
a business of $5,000 a year. 

William B. Bray probably opened the first store in the village. Col Cyrus 
Clark had a store from 1818 till his death, January 21, 1835. Gen. Philo Clark 
built a store on upper Main street and conducted trade from 1831 to 1849. 
Jesse and Hira Bradford, Jason and William Mitchell, Wallace Clark, C. H. 
Littlefield have traded here, and now Rev. A. N. Jones is in trade at the same 
stand. His immediate predecessors were F. W. North, L'Heureux Bros., and 
Henry Hildreth. William Harris was in trade from 1825 to 1*837. W. B. 
Bray, Jr, was in trade from 1823 for some time; his brother Jefferson succeeded 
him. Jesse Bradford, son of Dura and grandson of Jesse, was a merchant for 
years. His son, William B., was born in Turner, April 17, 1862, and from a 
boy has traded in the store he now occupies. He has been town treasurer 
several years, and does a yearly business of over $15,000. 

John Blake has carried on trade alone and with others. William H. 
French, born in Auburn in 1844, dealer in stoves, hardware, and tinware, has 
conducted trade for 24 years and been town treasurer three years. Other 
traders are William L. Bonney, Carlos E. Kempton.^ W. B. Beals has an 
extensive trade in flour, corn, meal, and feed. A. E. Bradford deals in wool. 
J. C. Hobbs sells fruit, confectionery, etc. 

With its manufactories, its live traders, its hotel, "Travelers' Home," two 
churches, flourishing Masonic (see pages 245 and 250), Odd Fellow (see page 
280), and temperance societies, in the midst of an intelligent community. 
Turner is a typical New England village and proud of its new bridge, which 
this year was built in place of the old covered one. 

^Francis T. Faidkne?', son of Dwight T. and Elizabeth (Cole) Faulkner, was born in Boston, Mass., 
March 27, 1834. He is very prominent in Masonic circles, and is undoubtedly one of the best informed 
Masons in the county. He was made a Mason at West Randolph, Mass., in 1856. He joined Nezinscot 
Lodge in 1862, was W. M. three years, and has held office nearly all the time since. He has been 
District Deputy Grand Master and a member of the Grand Lodge, and is a member of Royal Arch 
Chapter, Dunlap Council, Lewiston Commandery, Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, Princes of Jerusalem, 
Dunlap Chapter Rose Croix of Portland, Maine Consistory of Portland, Red Cross Knights of Con- 
stantine, Aleppo Chapter Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Turner, and 
Pokumkeswawaumokesis Lodge of Improved Order of Red Men of Lewiston. 

■^ Carlos E. KemiUon, son of Amasa D. and Lucy C. (Hunt) Kempton, was born March 4, 1846, at 
East Bethel, Vt. He attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary and Eastman's Business College, Pough- 
keepsie, N. Y. He has lived in Turner many years. In 1868 he joined Nezinscot Lodge, F. & A. M., 
and was Master from 1871-1873. He received his chapter degree in King Hiram Chapter, Lewiston, in 
1872, and was High Priest of Turner Chapter for seven years from its organization. He is a Republi- 
can, an active member of the Baptist church, and a worthy and valuable citizen. He is an apothecary, 
and also has a good stock of fancy goods, paints, and oils. " No man can get a drop of intoxicating 
liquors at his store." He is an excellent pharmacist and his store is a model of neatness. 



818 History op Androscoggin County. 

Turner Centre. — Jesse Bradford, Gen. John Turner, and Henry Jones 
built saw and grist mills at Turner Centre (then Bradford Village) in 1795, on 
a privilege leased from Joseph Copeland. It was soon burned and rebuilt by 
Turner and Bradford. Joseph Ludden purchased it after Jesse Bradford's 
death, in 1829, and operated it thereafter. Mr Ludden and Hartson Bradford 
also bought the saw-mill. A fulling mill was built here very early by John 
Haley, later operated by the Bradfords, and still later by William Harris. 
Anson Gott turned it into a wooden bowl factory. Hosea Cushman had a trip 
hammer in his blacksmith shop, run by water. These mills were active until 
swept off by high water in 1845. The privilege then reverted to the heirs of 
Joseph Copeland and David Hood. The Hood interest was bought by Lyman 
Eustis and Eland Fuller and no manufacturing is done. Reuben Thorp 
conducted a pottery of brown earthenware for years from 1802. He died in 
1823. Here also Hannibal Thompson made for many years famous spinning- 
wheels. Leonard Richmond early built a house, a store, and a shop where he 
made reeds for hand looms. Thomas Additon, Joel Fairbanks, and William 
Mitchell also made reeds. The Centre has been a good place for trade. 
Besides Richmond, the merchants have been Samuel Wood, Jesse Hartson, 
Hira Bradford, Joel Paine, Allen Bonney and perhaps others before Lewis P. 
Bradford, the present trader, came. 

The Turner Centre Dairi/ln(/ Association was incorporated in 1882 for the 
" manufacture of butter, cheese, and evaporated apples." The industry 
established by this company is located in a rich valley at Turner Centre, 
surrounded by splendid hill and valley farms, conducted by intelligent, wide- 
awake farmers. A cheese factory was located there early in the introduction 
of the associated system of dairying into Maine. This was successful, and the 
product had a great reputation. Later the creamery system was introduced 
and, still retaining the cheese factory, the basement was fitted up, and Edwin 
L.*Bradford began to make butter February 4, 1884. As the excellence of the 
product became known, the best markets sought its goods. This attracted the 
attention of the farmers and private dairymen, who also turned their cream 
into the factory. In 1888 the manufacture of cheese was abandoned, the 
building remodelled and refitted into a first-class creamery, with all the facilities 
to carry on a large business. The daily capacity is about 1,000 pounds. 
i62,000 was distributed last year among the patrons. The business is done 
under the name Turner Centre Creamery. It has a warehouse on Main street, 
Lewiston, and sends a large amount of cream to Massachusetts cities. The 
efficient butter maker, Mr Bradford, has brought good sense, inventive skill, 
and adaptive ability to the work, and should have a large share of the honor 
of the success. 

L. P. Bradford's store, the Grange Hall, the Universalist church, and some 
mechanics and lovely homesteads make up a pleasant rural community. 



Town of Turner. 819 



North Turner. — The Keen family has done much to develop this pro- 
gressive village and its life has been given by their untiring efforts. There are 
now saw, shingle, carding, and grist mills here, a large chair factory, a canning 
factory, a well-stocked store, a large brick hotel, and varied industries. Caleb 
House, Jr, was the first settler in this part of the town, and he located on 
House's hill, in 1792. At the time of the centennial, four of his children were 
in the procession, aged 88, 86, 83, and 78 years. Joseph Merrill was the first 
blacksmith in this part. He died in 1838. Cornelius T. Richardson was the 
first ironworker in the village, and wrought all kinds of utensils in iron and 
steel, axes, knives, fine pitchforks, etc. Caleb Gilbert, the first settler within 
a mile of the village, built a saw-mill on Martin's stream, before 1800. He sold 
his land (west half of lots 238 and 239) with mill and privilege to John Keen,' 
of Sumner, in 1803, for .fl,600. Mr Keen came in January, 1804. A grist- 
mill was soon built. Both were burned; the saw-mill in 1814, the other in 
1818. Here the first wooden-bowl factory in Maine is said to have been estab- 
lished, in 1819, by James Hale ; sold the next year to Josiah Keen. Later a 
carding and cloth-dressing mill was built by Captain John A. Kimball, and a 
carriage shop by Essec Fuller^ in 1851. In 1870 J. M. Phinney was cutting 
boards, staves, and short lumber, and Lewis A. Farrar now manufactures 
dimension lumber. Lebbeus Keen owns the grist-mill, which is leased to 

1 John Keen, son of John and Jerusha (Blake) Keen, was born in Taunton, Mass., May 9, 1762, m. 
Priscilla Robinson, March 1V>, 1785, and became an early settler of Sumner. He died August 15, 1842. 
Children: Priscilla, John, Jacob, Josiah, Jerusha, Rebecca, Thomas B. John, born December 13, 
1788, died May 9, 1869, carried on milling bvisiness at North Turner many years. He married Jerusha 
Fisher, March 27, 1814. His son, John (on account of his height of over six feet known as "the 
infant"), had a daughter, Hattie E.,m. Elias Keene, the hotel keeper. Jacob, born December 25, 1790, 
m. Betsey Shaw, and died in North Turner, March 18, 1872. He had many children. Josiah, born 
January 14, 1793, m. Deborah C. House, was a miller. He died at North Turner, October 14, 1866. He 
had children: Benjamin, Lebbeus, John, Gains, Jane, Elias, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Deborah. 
Lebbeus, Jane, and Elias are living. Elias Keene was born in North Turner, July 2, 1825. His educa- 
tion was gained by experience, observation, and reading. He has familiarized himself with cabinet 
making, carpentering, farming, etc., and has carried on wool carding from 1849, since 1879 for himself. 
In 1876 he purchased the North Turner House. He has increased its capacity fivefold, and in 1881 
built a commodious hall, which is the headquarters of the G. A. R and Knights of Pythias. He is a 
Republican in politics, a liberal in religion, and a radical in temperance. He married: (1st) Elvira I. 
Hayford, (2d) Eliza S. Drake, (3d) Hattie E. Keen. Children: Minnie E., Vinnie E., Maud E. Jerusha 
m. Solomon Stinchfleld, of Leeds. Rebecca, born March 24, 1797, m. Reuben Libby, and died March 
15, 1872. Of her children four are living. Thomas B., born July 24, 1799, m. Sally Teague, and died 
February 21, 1858. 

2 The Turner Fullers are the eighth generation in descent from Dr Samuel Fuller, who came in the 
Mayflower in 1620, was the first physician of the Old Colony, and a man of high abilities. He made 
the first will probated in America, and died in 1683. His son. Rev. Samuel Fuller, born 1623, was the 
first minister of Middleborougli. He died in 1694. Rev. Samuel had a son, Dr Samuel, father of John, 
whose son, Issachar, was father of Isaac, the father of Captain Isaac, of Carver. Captain Isaac m. 
Sally Ames, and was an early settler of Hartford. They had these sons: Edward, Ezekiel, Ephraim, 
Eland, Elbridge, Essec, Elonzo, Emery L., Edwin E., and three daughters. The death of one of the 
daughters in 1888 was the first death among the children for 50 years. Essec and Eland have been 
business men of Brettun's Mills and North Turner for years. 



820 History of Androscoggin County. 

Reuben E. Fuller. Edward Blake, and Stephen and John Gammon built a 
saw-mill in 1817 at the -foot of Bear pond, and put up the first clapboard, 
machine in town. The manufacture of wooden boxes was later entered into 
first by Asa K. Staples, and, in 1857, Charles M. Willard^ engaged in the box 
business and carried it on until his death. His son, Charles F. Willard, 
continued it after his death. The mills are now operated by A. D. Parker. 
William B. Bray opened the first store in 1835. He built the store and 
dwelling on the site of the residence of John Keen, the early settler, and kept 
hotel for two years. William S. Young, son of Joshua B., built a part of the 
North Turner House for a hotel in 1837, and after some years sold to Samuel 
B. Holt, the tavern keeper for 20 years. After he died, in 1876, Elias Keene 
purchased the hotel. William B. Bray, Jr, was for years engaged in the 
successful manufacture of boots and shoes. Later, about 1876, Benjamin Keen 
and Peter C. Dresser began the business and carried it on five years, when the 
factory was burned. Lewis A. Farrar came from Buckfield and purchased the 
buildings built by William B. Bray of William Atwood about 1862. He has 
been in trade from that time and does an annual business of $10,000. 

Washburn Chair Factory. — Benjamin Keen^ and Harry W. Brown, as 
Keen & Brown, began to make willow chairs at North Turner in 1884, 
occupying Essec Fuller's carriage shop. In February, 1886, the building was 
burned. It was at once rebuilt with four stories and capable of accommo- 
dating 75 hands, though only about 30 are usually employed. This factory is 
the only one in the state, and here was made the first willow chair made in 
Maine. In the spring of 1890 the business was purchased by the Washburn 
Chair Company, a stock company composed mainly of Lewiston capitalists. 
T.*E. Eustis is president; A. D. Barker, treasurer; Mr Brown becoming super- 
intendent. The value of the plant is estimated at 115,000. The company has 
a retail store in Lewiston, and employs 25 hands in the factory, and gives work 
to many women at their homes. The company uses 25,000 or 30,000 feet of 

1 Major Charles M. Willard, born in Keene, N. H., July 31, 1808, came to Maine, married Mary Russ, 
a native of Farmington, lived at Wilton and Farmington, and acquired a state reputation by the 
Willard pail. He engaged in lumbering and box making at Bloomtield, and was major of militia 
under Governor Fairfield. In 1857 he moved to North Turner and engaged in lumber and box making 
until his death, October 22, 1871. The business w^as then done in a primitive way with the old-fashioned 
up-and-down saws and but few men were employed. His son, Charles F. Willard, was born in Bloom- 
field, September 6, 1847, succeeded to his father's business at his death, extended and enlarged it, 
introducing improved machinery and circular saws, and in 188(5 removed to Turner Village, where he 
now conducts a large establishment, employs from 15 to 30 hands, keeps numerous teams employed, 
and has quadrupled the production of his North Turner mill. Like his father he is a Universalist and 
a Republican. 

-He was the greatest benefactor of North Turner. Long ago he fitted up the grist-mill for Job 
House, the miller; later he bought the carding mill for his brother Elias. He started shoe manu- 
facturing with P. J. Dresser and W. B. Fisher, and was the starter of the packing industry. Through 
his capital and influence the chair factory was begun, and every industry here received generous aid. 
He was a strong Democrat. He died the present year. 



Town of Turner. 821 



rock maple lumber per year, and pays 152.50 per cord for rattan, and in the 
summer of 1890 paid i|3,3o8 for labor and materials. 

The little village has other industries, its lawyer and real estate agent 
(E. V. Stevens), a flourishing societ}^ of Knights of Pythias, Wilson Post, 
G. A. R. (see page 175), George Merrill's band. Keen's Hall, and a bright flow 
of social enjoyment. 

The United Packers Company, organized in April, 1890, canned the first 
season, at its works in North Turner, 200,000 cans of corn, 18,000 gallon cans 
and 10,000 3-lb. cans of apples, 8,000 cans of pears, 4,000 cans of plums, 10,000 
cans of pumpkin, and 10,000 cans of beans. The present proprietors, E. G. 
Spring and J. P. Jordan, operate as the United Packer's Company. 

North Turner Cheese Factory (Richmond's Corner) was established in 1873 
through the influence of Rackley D. Leavitt and Perkins C. Torrey. The 
production has increased from 30,000 to 85,000 lbs. per annum, and the annual 
business is -^10,000. The cheese made here stands high in the market, has a 
quick sale, and commands a high price. The factory has proved a wise and 
judicious investment, which declares good and regular dividends, paying eight 
per cent, on the original capital. It is owned and operated by the North 
Turner Cheese Co. of sixteen stockholders. R. D. Leavitt^ has been president 
and treasurer for much of the time. The present officers are : John F. Quimby,^ 
president; Charles Bonney, secretary; R. D. Leavitt, treasurer. 

Keen's Mills. — Nathaniel Robertson settled at Keen's Mills, the first one 
to locate on the south side of the river, and in 1797 or 1798 built a saw-mill, 
later purchased by Cyrus French, who put in a circular saw, a planing machine, 
and other machinery. Grinfill H. Keen, son of John, the pioneer, and Prince 
Waterman, the first blacksmith, were early settlers. The first grist-mill was 
built probably by Benjamin Allen, on the north side of the river, soon after 
Robertson's mill was erected. (Benjamin Alden, of Greene, owned much land 
here and aided in the development.) Hanover Keen became owner about 
1805. It was destroyed by water in 1814, rebuilt at once, and owned since by 
Nathaniel Keen, son of Hanover. Adna Gilmore erected an iron foundry 
about 1820. He was a skilled mechanic. About 1870 Albion K. P. Gilmore 

1 Rackley Deane Leavitt, son of Arch and Polly (Deane) Leavitt, was born in Turner, November 7, 
1842. He is a Democrat and a Universalist. By vocation he is a farmer, a large fruit grower, and a 
progressive and popular man in the community. He has served as selectman and on the school com- 
mittee of Turner. He is overseer of Turner Grange, P. of H.; trustee of Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F. 

'^John Frank Qvimby, son of Israel P., of Sandwich, and Betsey (Hall) Quimby, of Dover, N. H., 
was born in Dover, December 25, 1850. He has lived in Turner, on the farm which he now owns, 33 
years. He is a Republican in politics, has been selectman six years, and deputy sheriff for several 
years. He belongs to Nezinscot Lodge, F. & A. M.; Turner Lodge, I. O. G. T. ; Major Leavitt Lodge, 
K. of P. ; Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F. He makes dairy farming a specialty, keeping about 20 cows, 
averaging $35 per cow in cheese. He has made 4,500 lbs. of cheese from April to October. Mr Quimby 
has about 500 acres of land and 1,000 apple trees, many of them young trees. 



822 History of Androscoggin County. 

put up a new building on the site of the foundry, and operated saw and grist 
mills. In September, 1887, these and the saw-mill of Cyrus French were 
burned, rebuilt, and are now in operation. W. A. Andrews began the manu- 
facture of clothing, in 1883, at Keen's Mills, with three cutters, putting out 
the most of the work to be made. In 1884 he introduced steam-power and 
five sewing machines, employing six women, and putting out the hand work. 
In 1885 he put in three machines and employed nine hands. In 1886 he 
introduced 11 machines and employed 23 operatives in the shop. In 1887 he 
enlarged his building, added a store and hall, and for a year engaged in mer- 
chandising, when he sold his goods to Briggs & Young. Mr Andrews has 
since devoted himself wholly to manufacturing, now amounting to 16,000 
pairs of pantaloons annually. Mr Andrews was born in Turner, in 1823, son 
of Liscomb and Rachel (Millett) Andrews. He began business for himself 
when 18, in the mill on Thirty-mile river, and has resided at Keen's Mills 49 
years. He succeeded the first trader, the blind man, Alden, in merchandising. 
A. R. Gilmore sells flour and meal, Cyrus French produces and sells lumber, 
H. A. Bemis makes extension cases, and John Bemis is the village blacksmith. 
Briggs & Young and F. B. Wing (postmaster) are traders. Among the 
farmers of this section are H. W. Copeland and Leander Lane. 

East Turner is purely a farming district of prosperous farmers. Dana 
C. Beals and H. G. O. Mower (see page 515) are among the number. South 
Turner has a canning factory, Cary & Leavitt's. Dyer's Corners and Howe's 
Corner are local centres of convenience. The last has a post-office. Geo. D. 
Humphrey, postmaster, keeps a general store. 

Chase's Mills. — Bani Teague had a saw-mill here before 1800, which 
was rebuilt before 1810 and a grist-mill added. Soon after the War of 1812, 
Southard Washburn became proprietor. Later Jairus Allen owned the saw- 
mill, William Lombard the grist-mill, and a clapboard machine was put in by 
a Mr Phelps about 1820. In 1835 Isaac Chase bought the saw-mill and a new 
dam was made lower down the stream. In 1837 Mr Lombard began to turn 
wooden mortars, bowls, and wagon hubs. After many years he was succeeded 
by Thomas G. Burdin, who did an extensive business in making hubs. In 
1885 the factory was burned and rebuilt. Hubs and barrels are now made by 
T. G. Burdin & Co. C. C. Chase operates a saw-mill and shingle machine. 
Arthur Dow is in trade. Solon Chase is postmaster, and finds time to now 
and then write a breezy article to the Lewiston Journal and other papers. Here 
is what he wrote April 2, 1891, concerning the "doings" at Chase's Mills: 

Right abreast of our house is the river. The rising water has " riz " the ice up in the middle like a 
whale's back. Across the river is a bluff, known as Teague's Ledge. The ledge is covered with woods 
except where the rocks are so thick the roots of the trees can't get a hold. On these bare rocks the 
icicles form in winter, and keep growing until they hang down 100 feet, as big as large pine trees 
standing on their heads. The first sign of spring is the breaking away of the glaciers on the brow of 
Teague's Ledge. The bluff faces to the south, right in the eye of the sun, and, as it begins to thaw, 



Town of Turner. 823 



the water works in behind the ice and draws up until it reaches a height of fifty feet. The pressure is 
so great that large masses of ice, sometimes with large stones frozen in, will come down the mountain 
side like a thunderbolt. It has been a hard winter to beat around in the crust and pick up scattering 
timber, but if the logs were yarded it has been a good winter for business, no bad drifts, and the main 
roads good from the first of December to the middle of March. Farmers have had a good time to 
harvest their log crop. The log crop is the main crop with many. Farmers can hardly afford to keep 
a team if they don't have a winter job. Some cut their own timber, others take contracts to haul logs 
and lumber, and when there is nothing else to do they haul slabs to Lewiston. The wood market is 
not " healthy," and hauling slabs from Chase's Mills to Lewiston is like carting coals to Newcastle, but 
there is no wood famine here; everybody can have all the dry slabs they want for $1 a cord. So many 
have left the country and gone into the cities that our two cities are booming and there is a demand 
for lumber in Auburn and Lewiston. C. C. Chase has just delivered 40,000 feet of lumber to B. F. 
Briggs, who runs a horse farm on Turner street, 1^ miles out from the Court House. T. G. Burdin is 
sawing out a large lot of stock for apple barrels. The maple sugar season is now well under way. There 
has been one splendid run. The steam that rises from the camp kettles looks at a little distance like 
the smoke of a tar kiln. The children and some of the older ones trip over the crust in the morning to 
the sugar camps to "sweeten up." Thelargest operators are Walter Mitchell, Arthur Chase, Jim Young, 
Herbert Russell, and Leon Snell. Walter Mitchell has tapped 1,000 trees, and Arthur Chase, 700. If 
you get any maple syrup from Chase's Mills it will be of this year's make and pure. Chase's Mills 
maple syrup is so well known, and there is such a demand for it, that none is kept over. The syrup 
that comes into the market very early is made from last year's crop and " doctored." The peculiar 
characteristic of the Chase's Mills syrup is that it has and retains the maple flavor. The sap is rapidly 
" biled " — the sooner the better after it is gathered. The sap drops from a galvanized iron spile into a 
clean tin bucket. All the impurities are kept out of it and the scum all skimmed off. The finished 
product is clear as crystal and ain't bad to take with hot cakes. The only trouble with the Chase's 
Mills syrup is there ain't enough of it. That is the only trouble with the silver dollars. There ain't 
enough of 'em. This year's crop of syrup is ordered ahead, and at a fancy price. People who buy 
Chase's Mills syrup don't always get it. Lots of it is brought up here from up back around the 
mountains in the region of Bergamot Pond, and sold in the Auburn and Lewiston markets for genuine 
Chase's Mills syrup. The syrup that is sent out of the state is put into one-gallon tin cans, and sealed 
up hot. The cans are packed in wooden cases. One shipment of 50 gallons has just been sent to Cali- 
fornia. Many of the cans never come back, and the price of the cans is charged in the bill. The cans 
are made in Boston, and this year the price is 30 per cent, higher. Arthur Chase says: " That is on 
account of that cussed McKinley bill." 

MerrilVs 3Iills. — The privilege at the outlet of Pleasant pond was 
occupied in 1811 by Levi Merrill, his son, Levi, and Luther Merrill, who 
built a saw-mill, later used as a match factory, and, in 1870, by Bailey & 
Merrill as a spool factory, which, with a saw and shingle mill, is now in 
operation. 

North Turner Bridge. — In 1825 a company was chartered to build this 
bridge, which organized in 1827 with Edward Blake, Walter Foss, and 
Nathaniel Perley, directors; Dr Timothy Howe, agent; Thompson Hall, 
architect; and a bridge, costing -$5,000, was built in 1828. A small villao-e 
sprung up. The stage route from Paris to Augusta later crossed the bridge, 
and there was much travel. Col Lee Strickland was postmaster and kept a 
store. In 1833 Church P. Leavitt purchased the business, was postmaster for 
nearly 25 years, and kept a hotel. He was a temperance man, and did much 
business. The bridge was carried away and rebuilt in 1839. The bridge has 
one long span 160 feet from the western abutment to the island, with a 
double track, and a short span from the island to the eastern abutment, with 



824 History of Androscoggin County. 

a single track. The bridge has been well patronized. It has been quite a 
trading point. A. P. Burgess and Eugene Dojde are now in trade. 

Turner Centre Bridf/e was built in 1834 and 1835 (the corporation voting 
"to furnish no liquor"), to accommodate the travel on the new mail route 
from Paris, Buckfield, Turner, and Monmouth to Augusta. The bridge gave 
good dividends, was carried off by the ice in January, 1839, rebuilt, and carried 
away again in 1863, rebuilt in 1868, wrecked by a cyclonic storm July 14, 
1876, and never rebuilt. 

Civil List. — 1787 — Ichabod Bonney, Benjamin True, Israel Haskell, selectmen; Benjamin True, 
clerk. 1788 — Benjamin True, Samuel Blake, Henry Jones, selectmen; Benjamin True, clerk. 1789 — 
William Bradford, Samuel Blake, Henry Jones, selectmen; B. True, clerk. 1790 — Samuel Andrews, 
Nathan Niles, Benjamin True, selectmen; B. True, clerk. 1791-1792-1793 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel 
Blake, Samuel Andrews, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1794 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel Blake, 
Caleb House, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1795 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel Blake, Beniah 
Niles, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1796-1797-1798-1799-1800-1801 — Ichabod Bonney, John 
Turner, Chandler Bradford, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1802 — Ichabod Bonney, Benjamin 
Evans, Nathaniel Sawtelle, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1803 — Benjamin Evans, Ichabod 
Bonney, John Turner, selectmen; Benjamin Evans, clerk. 1804-1805-180(5 — Ichabod Bonney, John 
Turner, Chandler Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1807 — John Turner, Chandler Brad- 
ford, George French, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1808-1809 — John Turner, Joseph Bonney, 
Benjamin Chamberlain, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1810 — William Bradford, Daniel Cary, 
George French, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1811 — John Turner, George French, Jesse Brad- 
ford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1812 — George French, Jesse Bradford, Thomas Merrill, 
selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1813 — John Turner, Joseph Bonney, Jonathan Phillips, selectmen; 
Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1814-1815 — John Turner, Jesse Bradford, Jonathan Phillips, selectmen; 
Joseph Bonney, clerk. 181(5 — Joseph Bonney, George French, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph 
Bonney, clerk. 1817 — Joseph Bonney, Jonathan Phillips, Alden Blossom, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, 
clerk. 1818 — Joseph Bonney, Jolin Turner, Alden Blossom, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1819 — 
John Turner, Alden Blossom, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1820 — Joseph Bonney, 
Asa Bradford, Philip Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1821 — Joseph Bonney, Asa Brad- 
ford, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1822-1823-1824 — Thomas Merrill, John Blake, 
Philip Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1825 — Philip Bradford, George French, Asa 
Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1826 — Philip Bradford, Asa Bradford, George French, 
selectmen ; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1827-1828 — Asa Bradford, George French, James Torrey, selectmen ; 
Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1829-1830 — Asa Bradford, Job Prince, Joseph Bonney, selectmen; Joseph 
Bonney, clerk. 1831 — Charles L. Turner, Aaron Soule, John Blake, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 
1832 — John Blake, Job Prince, Hira Bradford, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1833 — John Blake, 
Luther Bailey, William Bicknell, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1834 — John Blake, Isaac Gross, 
William Bicknell, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1835-1836 — Isaac Gross, Seth Copeland, John 
Phillips, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1837 — Luther Bailey, William B. Bray, Alvin Leavitt, 
selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1838 — Job Prince, Isaac Chase, John Phillips, selectmen; Hira 
Bradford, clerk. 1839-1840-1841 — Job Prince, Seth Copeland, Elisha Gilmore, selectmen; Hira Brad- 
ford, clerk. 1842-1843-1844 — William B. Bray, Luther Bailey, George Turner, selectmen; Hira 
liradford, clerk. 1845 — Philip Bradford, Elisha Sampson, Sarson Chase, selectmen; Hira Bradford, 
clerk. 1846 — Elisha Sampson, Stephen Bray, Ajalon Dillingham, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 
1847 — Luther Bailey, George Turner, Branch Leavitt, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1848 — 
George Turner, Justus Conant, Oren Whitman, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1849-1850 — George 
Turner, Arch Leavitt, Henry French, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1851-1852-1853-1854 — George 
Turner, Arch Leavitt, Benjamin A. Bradford, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1855 — Samuel B. 
Holt, Jesse Bradford, Andrew Bennett, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1856-1857 — Samuel B. Holt, 
Jesse Bradford, Phillips Bradford, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1858 — George Turner, Samuel 
Jenkins, Deering Farrar, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1859-1860 — Job Prince, Mellen French, 
Charles Torrey, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1861-18G2 — Philo Clark, Sumner Bailey, Loren 
Alden, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1863 — Charles E. Bradford, Stephen Richardson, Loren 



Town of Turner. 825 



Alden, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1864 — Charles E. Bradford, William Bray, Zebulon H. 
Bearce, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1865 — Charles E. Bradford, Z. H. Bearce, James A. Gary, 
selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1866— George W. Turner, Lewis A. Farrar, Horace C. Haskell, 
selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1867-1868 — Lewis A. Farrar, Horace C. Haskell, Horace True, 
selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 18()9 — Horace C. Haskell, Horace True, William L. Bonney, select- 
men; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1870— William L. Bonney, Isaac Jones, Jr, Rufus Prince, selectmen; 
Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1871 — George W. Turner, Leander D. Farrar, Rufus Prince, selectmen; Wesley 
Thorp, clerk. 1872-1873— Rufus Prince, William L. Bonney, Lewis A. Farrar, selectmen; Wesley 
Thorp, clerk. 1874 — William L. Bonney, Roscoe Torrey, Daniel French, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, 
clerk. 1875-1876 — William L. Bonney, Aubrey Leavitt, Hira J. Pratt, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, 
clerk. 1877 — William L. Bonney, Henry Turner, Henry W. Copeland, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, 
clerk. 1878-1879— Horace C. Haskell, Henry W. Copeland, John E. Ashe, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, 
clerk (died October 7; C. B. Bailey elected). 1880— H. C. Haskell, H. W. Copeland, Levi B. Perry, 
selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 1881-1882— H. W. Copeland, R. D. Leavitt, Calvin Conant. selectmen; 
C. B. Bailey, clerk. 188:5-1884-1885 — Rufus Prince, Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, selectmen; C. B. 
Bailey, clerk. 1886 — H. VV. Copeland, H. C. Haskell, Aubrey Leavitt, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 
1887— Aubrey Leavitt, H. W. Copeland, Abel H. Pratt, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk, until Decem- 
ber 12, then C. H. Bradford. 1888— Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, H. W. Copeland, selectmen; C. H. 
Bradford, clerk. 1889 — Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, A. C. Day, selectmen; Charles H. Bradford, 
clerk. 1890 — Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, D. S. Thomas, selectmen; C. H. Bradford, clerk. 1891 — 
Aubrey Leavitt, C. A. French, Shirley Merrill, selectmen; C. H. Bradford, clerk; W. B. Bradford, 
treasurer; A. F. Gilmore, svxpervisor; W. B. Beals, agent. 



CHAPTER LI. 



Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism — The Baptists — Universalism — Methodist Epis- 
copal Church — Meeting-Houses — Schools — Temperance — Physicians — Lawyers — Cen- 
tennial — Something about Some of the People. 

CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY. — In the first years of the settlement 
Deacon Daniel Merrill conducted religious services regularly. The pro- 
prietors in 1779 offered to defray one-half the pay of a minister for three 
years and one-third for two more years, and in 1781 they requested the settlers 
to choose a committee "to agree and settle with the proprietors about it." In 
1776 Rev. Charles Turner^ visited the plantation, preached and baptized. 
July 11, 1779, he made a second visit, received some into covenant relation, 

^ Rev. Charles Turner, born in Scituate, Mass., in 1732, was graduated at Harvard in 1752, and was a 
minister at Duxbury in 1755, and continued for 20 years. He was a Whig and much in state affairs. 
Mr Turner was one of the agents for the claimants, the first treasurer and collector of the proprietors. 
In 1791 he moved here, and preached part of the time for a number of years. He died in 1818. Chil- 
dren: Hon. Charles Turner of Scituate, Gen. John Turner, Mrs Eunice Torrey of Scituate, and Mrs 
Persis Thayer. Rev. Mr Turner was a faithful preacher of the gospel, and the influence of his culture 
and education left its impress upon his townsmen. Col William Turner, brother of Charles, was grad- 
uated from Harvard in 1767, and for some years was a highly successful teacher. He was proprietors' 
clerk for years, and was a valuable officer in the Revolution. In 1801 he removed with his family to 
Turner, where he died January 12, 1807, at the age of 61. Children: William, Betty, Xoa, Charles 
Lee, Stephen, Eunice, Fanny, Oriens, Nancy, Aphia, George. Henry Turner, son of Charles L. and 
Cascarilla (Child) Turner, died in Auburn, June 20, 1891. He had been county commissioner, and in 
many ways was identified with the interests of Turner. 



826 History of Androscoggin County. 

and baptized a number. For five years after the plantation was favored with 
occasional visits of Rev. Mr Brown, of Westbrook, and the Rev. Mr Nash, of 
Gray. In 1784 Rev. John Strickland, a native of Hadley, Mass., and a grad- 
uate of Yale College, came, and a church was organized August 16, 1784, with 
15 members. Mr Strickland received the call of the church and congregation 
to become their pastor, and was installed September 20, 1784. In 1790 a 
majority in town meeting voted for his dismission. Mr Strickland did not 
comply with this proposal. " In this state of things his salary was tardily 
voted, and more tardily collected, and on the 20th of November, 1792, there 
was found to be due Mr Strickland £108 6s. 8d." In 1794 Mr Strickland's 
adherents were few in number. Nevertheless, he consented to continue their 
minister, agreeing to relinquish such proportion of his salary as the taxable 
property of those who left bore to the whole town. After this, the number of 
Mr Strickland's friends diminished by deaths and removals, so that, in 1795, 
the advice of an ecclesiastical council was taken, and May 18, 1797, he was 
dismissed. For several years after public worship was not maintained, and 
complaint was made in 1802 to the Court of Sessions of the Peace, "for 
neglecting to provide themselves with a public teacher of piety, morality, and 
religion." Mr Strickland and Rev. Charles Turner were each employed for a 
time. After both had preached the time agreed upon, a call, with certain 
conditions, was voted b}^ the town for Mr Turner to settle in the gospel 
ministiy. The church voted not to concur, but to adhere to the election they 
had made of Mr Strickland.^ As the church had been six years destitute of a 
pastor, some, dissatisfied that the church did not concur with the town, denied 
that a church existed. An ecclesiastical council assembled October 18, 1803, 
and gave its unanimous opinion that the church was not extinct. The 
church then voted to change to a Congregational church, and seven male 
members subscribed a confession of faith and covenant. In 1808 Mr Amasa 
Smith was employed by the inhabitants to supply them with preaching. Sub- 
sequently the church unanimously gave him a call to settle. The town 
concurred in the invitation, and Mr Smith was ordained May 23, 1804. The 
inhabitants of the town were not fully agreed in the settlement of Mr Smith, 
and the consequence was the establishment of a society of Universalists, which 
left the Congregational inhabitants free to organize as a distinct parish. The 
lands reserved for the use of the ministry and schools had been sold by order 
of the legislature. The school fund became productive in 1808, and the minis- 
terial fund in 1811. October 11, 1806, Mr Smith was dismissed. During the 
next four years the church had no pastor. In the spring of 1810 Rev. Allen 
Greely began to preach, and was ordained October 24, 1810. At this time the 
church contained only 21 members. "In 1816 God was pleased to impress 

iRev. Mr Strickland died October 4, 1823, in the 5()th year of his ministry. 



Town of Turner. 827 



seriously the minds of a number, and the church was enlarged to more than 60 
members." Mr Greely continued pastor till May 29, 1844. Later Pastors 
Hev. Henry Eddy, from 1.S44 to 1846 ; Rev. W. L. James, from 1846 to 1847 
Rev. John Dodd, from 1847 to 1854; Rev. Samuel Bowker, from 1855 to 1860 
Rev. S. C. Higgins, from 1860 to 1863 ; Rev. Stacy Fowler, from 1864 to 1866 
Rev. B. F. Manwell, from 1866 to 1867; Rev. F. W. Dickinson, from 1868 to 
1870; Rev. Alvin B. Jordan, from 1871 to 1872; Rev. F. E. Emrich, from 
1872 to 1873; Rev. Uriah Small, from 1873 to 1875; Rev. Edwin S. Tingley, 
from 1876 to 1882; Rev. Richard H. McGown, from 1882 to 1885; Rev. 
Albert N. Jones,^ from 1886 to 1888. Rev. R. D. Osgood, the present pastor 
(1891), was settled over this church October, 1888. He was born at Bluehill, 
February 1, 1836, where he was educated at the common schools and academy. 
He enlisted September 6, 1861, in Manchester, N. H., in the Fourth N. H. 
Regt, and served four years in the army, two years in the signal corps. In 
18(36 he entered Bangor Theological Seminary. His ministerial labors have 
been in Topsfield, Kennebunkport, Limington, Fort Fairfield, Me., Lyndon and 
Rochester, Yt. He is chaplain of Wilson Post, G. A. R., active in its interest 
and in all organizations whose object is the uplifting of the human race. The 
parsonage is valued at -f 1,000. The Sunday school has 150 members; A. S. 
Ricker is superintendent. The society is prosperous. The inside of the church 
has been lately painted, new carpets laid, and a new organ purchased. 

Bajytists. — The first section of an act, passed November 17, 1792, for 
"incorporating a number of the Inhabitants of Turner, and the Plantation 
called Bucktown, in the County of Cumberland, into a distinct religious 
Society " is here given : 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, 
aud by the authority of the same, That Simon Records, Joshua Keen, Edmund Irish, John 
Buck, William Selley, Benjamin Selley, William Lowell, Eleazer Chace, Joshua Davis, 
Thomas Irish, Stephen Lowell, Jonathan Record, Joseph Roberts, junior, John Thorlo, 
William Rich, William Berry, Lemuel Crocker, Andrew Eliott, John W. Elliott, Jouathan 
Philbrick, Joshua Wescot, William Dobb, Jeremiah Hodgdon, James Hodgdon, Thomas 
Lowell, John Swett, David Warren, Joseph Roberts, John Irish, junior, Enoch Hall, 
Nathaniel Smith, Jonathan Roberts, Jotham Shaw, James Jordan, Caleb Young, Amos 
Brown, Richard Taler, Joseph Chace, John Irish, Samuel Blake, Samuel Andrews, Asa 
Smith, Mark Andrews, Henry Jones, Benjamin Jones, Jaziel Smith, jun., Laban Smith, 
Daniel Child, Hezekiah Bryant, Levi Merrick, Richard Phillips, John Dillingham, Samuel 
Gorham, Jesse Bradford, Jaziel Smith, Daniel French, Daniel Merrill, John Brov?n, Ezekiel 
Bradford, Joseph Leavitt, Nathaniel Gilbert, members of the said religious Society, 
together with their estates, be, and they hereby are incorporated by the name of The 
Baptist Society of Turner and Buckstowu, with all the privileges, powers and immunities, 
to which other parishes in the Commonwealth are by law entitled. 

1 Eev. Albert Newton Jones, son of Hezekiah W. and Susan F. Jones, was born in Weld. He enlisted 
in the U. S. service August 26, 1862. July 31, 1864, he was disabled by sunstroke, and discharged May 
17, 1865. He was graduated from Bangor Theological Seminary in 1871, and entered the Congregational 
ministry, but his health failing he retired in 1888. Politically he is a Republican. 



828 History of Androscoggin County. 



For several years after the incorporation, there were but few additions to 
the society. In 1816 there was an extensive revival, and eight persons joined 
the Baptist church in Minot, and Elder Ricker, of Minot, was employed to 
preach one-sixth of the time in Turner. May 12, 1824, a Baptist church was 
organized, with 23 persons, residents of Turner. The services were held in 
Nathan Cole's barn ; Nathan Cole and Thomas Verrill were chosen deacons. 

The first pastor was Rev. Adam Wilson, D.D., from 1824 to 1828. In 1829 
Elder John Hull, from Nova Scotia, was engaged, but he died the same year. 
September 30, 19 churches in Oxford county met at Turner, and organized the 
Oxford Association. Elder Charles Miller, from Scotland, commenced preach- 
ing here in 1830, and continued till 1833. Elder William O. Grant came in 
1833, remained one year. Elder Josiah Houghton came in 1835, and was 
with them until his death in 1838. Elder Eliab Coy came in 1838. Elder 
Curtis became pastor in 1839. In 1841 Rev. Adam Wilson, D.D., was again 
minister, continued until 1843. At this time the communicants numbered 133. 
Nathaniel Butler, D.D., became pastor in 1844, resigned in September, 1850. 
July 9, 1851, Rev. C. Ayer commenced his pastorate, resigned October 27, 
1853. He was succeeded by Rev. L. D. Hill, from February 26, 1854, to 
January 9, 1858. His successor was Rev. H. B. Marshall, October 20, 1859. 
He closed his labors December 11, 1861. Rev. Abner Morrill was pastor from 
October 4, 1862, to July 25,1864. He was succeeded by Rev. John Richardson, 
who remained until 1868. His successor was Rev. I. Record, who continued 
until September 10, 1876. Rev. A. A. Smith became pastor December 3, 1876, 
and resigned November 30, 1879. Rev. S. A. Severance was here from July 3, 
1881, to May, 1883. Rev. C. T. Clarke began his ministry November 18, 1883, 
and closed February 1, 1887. Rev. N. G. French came November 1, 1887. 
Mr French was born in Norway, March 12, 1861, and is a son of Benjamin and 
Mary L. (Stevens) French, and grandson of Rev. Daniel Stevens, M.D., who 
practiced medicine and preached at China. Rev. Mr French studied at China 
Academy, Oak Grove Seminary, and graduated from Newton Theological 
Institute in 1883. The same year was ordained pastor of the Baptist church 
at Harpswell. He was State Missionary for Maine Baptist Convention, 1884 
to 1887. The church has 118 members. The Sabbath school has 75 scholars, 
7 teachers, and a library of 300 volumes; W. H. French is superintendent. 
The present church building was erected, in 1867, at a cost of -110,000. It is 
a two-story building, 43x66 feet, and will seat 300 persons. The pipe organ 
was made in 1848, being previously used in the old church. The bell, bought 
to replace the one taken from the old church, was purchased in 1887, weighs 
1,000 pounds, and cost $280. The parsonage is valued at #1,000. 

The UnlvermliHt Parish. — December 24, 1803, a petition to the house of 
representatives was drawn and signed by Jabez Merrill, Arthur Bradman, 
Samuel Pumpilly, Levi Merrill, Seriah (or Seriab) Merrill, Hezekiah Bryant, Jr, 



Town of Turner, 829 



Hezekiah Bryant, Richard Phillips, Jesse Bradford, David Hood, Reuben 
Thorp, John Soul, Aaron Soul, Nathaniel Sawtell, Benjamin Sawtell, Joshua 
Whitman, Elisha Pratt, Ezekiel Bradford, Jr, Isaac Jones, Benjamin Jones, Jr, 
Bennet Pumpilly, Jabez Merrill, Jr, Abraham Maxim, Richard Phillips, Jr, 
Gushing Phillips, Robert Bradman, Benjamin Chamberlain, Cyrus Leavitt, 
Joseph Leavitt, Jr, William Bradford, Ephraim Turner, Asa Bradford, Joseph 
Bonney, Abie! O. Turner, James Leavitt, Chandler Bradford, Henry Jones, Jr, 
William Gorham, William Bradford, Jr, Samuel Kinsley, Samuel Kinsley, Jr, 
Ichabod Bonney, Jr, Daniel E'rench, Jr, George French, Elijah Gilbert, Josiah 
Gilbert, Elijah Gilbert, Jr, Church Pratt, Joseph Merrill, Jabez T. Merrill, 
Caleb Gilbert, and Moses Allen, stating that they had formed themselves into 
a distinct religious parish by the name of "The First Universalist Gospel 
Parish in Turner," and asking to be incorporated by an act of General Court. 
Arthur Bradman was to be clerk of this society. May 14, 1804, an article in 
a warrant to see if the town would send an agent to object to the incorpora- 
tion was unanimously voted down, yet 40 citizens sent a petition to the 
General Court, dated May 28, setting forth their fears if the parish was incor- 
porated that it would become so large as to cause them "to Relinquish an 
Institution which they believe highly important and interesting to themselves, 
their Rising Families and Society at large," and remonstrating against the 
incorporation. The matter was, however, evidently freely discussed with good 
feeling, for November 5 a petition was sent by 26 leading citizens, not Uni- 
versalists, to the General Court, "humbly praying your Honors to concur with 
the Honorable Senate in granting the prayer of the Universalists' Petition." 
The act was passed February 16, 1805, incorporating 54 persons into a society, 
to which 30 were added in a year. By an act of the Maine Legislature, this 
original act of incorporation was rescinded, and the society made a territorial 
parish about 1830. On the formation of the society articles of agreement 
were drawn up and adopted, one of which pledged the members never to go to 
law with each other, but to refer all serious misunderstandings to arbitration, 
and they also covenanted that they never would take unlawful or more than six 
per cent, interest on money loaned. Rev. Thomas Barns, of Poland, frequently 
preached in town from 1800 to 1816. Rev. Isaac Root also preached during 
these years. In 1806 Rev. Sebastian Streeter preached and awakened a 
deep interest. Previous to 1824, there was also preaching by Revs. William 
Frost, Jabez Woodman, William Farewell, Mr Smith, Mr Sargent, Benjamin 
Thorn, and others. About 1824, Rev. Sylvan us Cobb commenced a ministry 
of two or three years. Rev. William A. Drew supplied a part of the time. 
February, 1827, Rev. George Bates commenced his ministry, preaching every 
other Sabbath until January, 1830, when he was settled as the minister of the 
First Parish in Turner. Rev. William A. Drew, of Augusta, preached the 
installation sermon. Rev. Mr Bates continued to perform the duties of his 



830 History of Androscoggin County. 

office until 1852. A church was organized October 12, 1849, of 29 members. 
Dr Howe says of Rev. George Bates: "Of his character and standing as a 
man it is improper for me to speak as he is yet living, and of his merits as 
a preacher it is quite unnecessary for me to speak, for few preachers in the 
state of any denomination are more widely or generally known than Rev. 
George Bates." He died in Auburn, January 24, 1876, aged 78 years. In 
March, 1853, Rev. W. R. French ' was engaged as pastor, and continued 17 
years. In 1870, Rev. H. C. Munson became their pastor, and remained about 
seven years. In 1878 Rev. G. M. D. Barnes was engaged, and in August, 
1879, Rev. W. R. French became pastor and continued four years. In the 
autumn of 1883 Rev. John Kimball was secured and was here until July 1, 
1886, when he resigned. Rev. W. W. Smith was engaged in June, 1887, 
remained until 1890, and Rev. James Eastwood became pastor in October, 1890. 
Methodist Episeo'pal Chiirrh. — Meetings were held in Turner several years 
ago by the resident Methodists. Occasionally a minister would give them a 
sermon, as he was passing that way. Prayer-meetings were held in private 
houses. No class was formed for some tinae. Rev. Leonard Green preached 
in the village school-house as he had opportunity. He was a very acceptable 
preacher. Rev. E. Martin preached for them from time to time. They seemed 
to catch his zeal and enthusiasm and began to think of doing something. 
January 9, 1879, a society was organized and went to work with the energy of 
the fathers. Rev. S. T. Record organized the M. E. Church here. May 8, 1879, 
and was the first pastor. He served the circuit composed of Turner and Buck- 
field three years. During his pastorate the church erected a meeting-house 
and finished the vestry, a very neat and pleasant place, which the church has 
occupied. Rev. N. C. Clifford served the circuit in 1882. He was an indefat- 
igable worker, and aided very essentially in finishing the church building. 
Rev. John Moulton was appointed pastor for North Auburn, Turner, and 
Buckfield, in 1883. He served faithfully three years, living at North Auburn. 
He did not do any work in Buckfield. May, 1886, Rev. J. L. Roberts came to 
the circuit of Turner and Buckfield, and served it one year. He left a mem- 
bership of 31 and four probationers. While he was here the church bought a 
parsonage, which he occupied, but it was sold the next year. Rev. M. K. 

1 Kev. William Riley French, A.M., D.D., grandson of Daniel French, was born in Turner, June 8, 
1814. In 1833 he became a student at Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill; in 1836 he entered Water- 
ville College, now Colby University. He became a Universalist and from 1840 to 1853 he had pastorates 
in North Fryeburg, Lewiston Falls, and West Auburn. He settled in Turner in IS.'iS, where he did 
good work for 17 years, and while here he received the degree of A.M. from Tufts College; from 1870 
for five years lie was pastor of the Union Parish, Unitarian and Universalist, Brunswick; in 1875 he 
returned to Turner, and August, 1879, commenced a pastorate of four years; in June, 1885, the degree 
of D.D. was conferred upon him by Tufts College; after a ministry of two and a half years at 
Bowdoinham, he retired to his home in Turner, where he has since resided, occupying himself with 
preaching, writing, and other work. He compiled a history of Turner, which was published in 1887. 



Town of Turner. 831 



Mabry^ came in May, 1887, and served four years. He commenced with 25 
members, and closed his third year with 48 members and six probationers. 
The present membership is composed of men and women of small means as 
regards property, but have great faith in God. The Sunday school is small, 
because there are few children connected with the church, but preaching is 
sustained every Sunday, and the Sunday school throughout the year. The Lord 
blesses the faithful few. Rev. A. B. Graffam succeeded Mr Mabry. The audience 
room having been fitted up, the church was dedicated September 29, 1891. 

Meeting-house s. — In 1783 the proprietors contracted with Samuel Blake, 
Henry Jones, John Keen, Nathan Niles, William Bradford, Joseph Leavitt, 
Benjamin Jones, and Jabez Merrill, as agents for the settlers, to build a house 
" not less than 35 feet square, 20 feet posts, to board and clapboard the walls, 
board and shingle the roof, set 24 window-frames, glaze six windows and lay 
the lower floor." For this they were to pay X78 and the settlers were to be 
the owners. It was located on Upper street and was the only meeting-house 
until 1819, when the Congregationalists built one further west. This was 
burned in 1836 and rebuilt on the site of the town meeting-house. In a few 
years this was sold and the church built at the village. 

In 1825 the Universalists erected a large church on Lower street. This 
was taken down in 1848 and a new one built at the Centre. Of the chapel at 
Richmond's Corner, Dr Howe said in 1843: "It was built in 1841 by the 

iRev. Madison K. Mabry [By Llewellyn A. Wadsworth, of Hiram.] was born in Hiram, Me., 
October 17, 1824, of parents eminent in moral, mental, and physical excellence. In his life on the 
farm he developed habits of industry and activity. He was educated in the schools of Hiram and at 
VVestbrook Seminary. At the age of 17 he commenced teaching, which he followed 40 years in Hiram, 
Porter, Parsonsfield, Brownfield, Waterford, Bridgton, Denmark, Baldwin, Sebago, Saco. He was 
preceptor of Limerick Academy three years, from March, 18ii7, and principal of Parsonsfield Seminary 
two years. He served often as school committee and supervisor of schools iu Hiram, and was super- 
visor of schools of York county three years. He was justice of the peace in Hiram seven years. He 
has taught 112 terms of school, including several terms of free high school, and won golden opinions 
for his sympathetic kindness, keen, clear powers of analysis, description, and illustration, and his name 
still lingers in the school-day memories of hundreds of his pupils. He was ever on the alert, with 
versatile powers, restless energy, ceaseless activity, and fearless independence of character; a ready and 
pleasing speaker, with an ample fund of wit, humor, anecdote, and general information, with fine 
conversational and controversial powers, he led the vanguard of temperance, freedom, morality, and 
education in Hiram for 30 years. In these particulars he has not been exceeded by any citizen in this 
century. He married, first, Dorcas True. They had three sons and four daughters, who attained 
maturity, and had excellent scholarship and musical talent, and the home circle was a model of intel- 
ligence, culture, and refinement. March KJ, 188(i, he married Ella T., daughter of Francis Safford, of 
Turner (she is granddaughter of Benjamin Safford, who came from Minot and was the pioneer settler 
at North Turner Bridge. His children were Nathan, AVilliam, Francis, Eliza, and Polly. Mrs Mabry's 
mother was daughter of Zebulon Millett, of Leeds). In 1876 Mr Mabry experienced religion and joined 
the Methodist church. He received a local preacher's license in 1881, and has served in Mercer, 
Fairfield, Livermore, Turner, and Rumford with good results, enhanced by his genial nature, broad 
humanity, and catholicity of spirit. Mr Mabry has always been a radical in politics and in temper- 
ance. He enlisted June 17, 1862, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the loth Me, but was 
discharged for disability the same year. He was very active in raising the quotas of his town and in 
sending supplies to sick and wounded soldiers. He is connected with several fraternal societies and 
has been grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of I. O. G. T. of Maine. 



832 History of Androscoggin County. 

Universalists alone, but they use it only one-half of the time, and the other 
half (like the gate of Heaven) 'it stands open night and day' to any sect of 
worshipers who ma}' choose to enter in and enjoy it." A Union church was 
built in North Turner and dedicated in 1877 free from debt. It is free to all 
religions. 

Schools. — The first school was a private one, taught by Arthur Bradman in 
1788. In 1790 Joseph Stockbridge was employed to teach a public or town 
school. After him Elisha Sylvester and Benjamin Evans were successively 
employed for several years each as public school teachers. In 1792 .£20 was 
voted by the town for a school. In 1793 X24 was raised to build a school- 
house on Lower street. In 1791: Benaiah Niles, Seth Staples, and Jabez 
Merrill were chosen school committeemen. Liberal support was given to 
education and the schools improved in number and character. Dr Howe says 
(1843) : " The town has 18 school districts in which a public school is annually 
taught of from four to eight months' duration, according to the number of 
scholars and price paid for tuition. There is a regular grammar or high school 
taught for six months during each year, wholly supported by the interest 
arising from the town school fund. This school is alternatel}' kept in different 
sections of the town, and furnishes great advantages not only to those youth 
who wish to pursue the higher branches of education, but in exciting a tone of 
feeling or emulation in the primary schools which is necessary to the full 
development of their purposes; as well as by furnishing annually a large 
number of teachers of both sexes to supply the demands of this and neighbor- 
ing towns." For some years free high schools have been kept in the spring 
and free grammar schools in the fall. Some time ago the town abolished the 
district system and a town committee supervises the educational interests and 
employs the teachers. The school-houses belong to the town. The best of 
results have followed this action. 

Temperance. — Dr Howe writes thus of the temperance movement of 50 
years ago : " The joyful tidings of the Washingtonian reformers reached 
Turner in. the fall of 1841, and two new temperance societies were simul- 
taneously formed upon the new principles in different sections of the town. 
The ladies soon caught the inspiration of the times and formed two auxiliary 
Samaritan societies. The two sexes thus cutting together like the two blades 
of the scissors, have made a smooth work among us of the temperance reform." 
The good work thus begun has steadily increased in influence, and at present 
there are three lodges of Good Templars in active operation in tlie town. 

Centomial Celebration. — July 7, 1886, a large number celebrated the cen- 
tennial of the incorporation of the town. The committee in charge was Hon. 
Rufus Prince, Major H. C. Haskell, Rackley D. Leavitt, Dr John T. Gushing, 
Elias Keene, and Henry Turner. The procession was a mile in length. Many 
representations of old-time life were shown, and large tents were erected to 



Town of Turner. 833 



accommodate the multitude. The order of exercises in the great tent was: 
Centennial March, by Norway Band; prayer by Rev. E. Martin; singing by 
chorus of 100 voices, Albert E. Bradford conductor; address of welcome by 
Dr J. T. Gushing; historical address by Rev. W. R. French, D.D.; singing; 
poem by Mrs Caroline W. D. Rich, of Auburn, granddaughter of Joseph 
Leavitt, one of the first settlers; dinner in a large tent on the grounds; 
address by Hon. Washington Gilbert, of Bath; music; address by Hon. 
George A. Wilson, of South Paris; music; short speeches by residents, former 
citizens, and guests; (among these were Hon. E. B. Washburn; ex-Governor 
Merrill, of Iowa; Dr Pearl Martin, of Medford, Mass.; Clarence Hale, Esq., 
of Portland; Col F. M. Drew, of Lewiston; ex-Governor Sidney Perham, of 
Paris; Dr Kendall Newhall, of Rhode Island ; Solon Chase; Daniel Lara, of 
Auburn; Hon. Rufus Prince;) singing; music. 

Physicians. — Br Daniel Child was the first one in town. He came from 
Woodstock, Conn., in 1781, settled on Lower street, and was a very skillful 
physician. He died in 1802. Dr Luther Cary was born in Bridgewater, 
Mass., in 1761. He served his country for four years, enlisting at the age of 

14. He then became a physician, and came to Turner in 1798, and settled 
near the south end of Lower street. He was a man of high character and a 
successful practitioner. He had a large family. One son, Hugh, lived and 
died on the home farm. Dr Cary was several times president of the Medical 
Society of Maine, in 1805 was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
for the county of Oxford, and he was made president of Oxford County Tem- 
perance Society at its organization in 1829. He died in 1848 of old age. 
Dr Timothy Howe, born in Hillsborough, N. H., in 1778, moved into Turner 
about 1804. He subsequently removed to Brettun's Mills, Livermore, but 
returned to Turner, where he died in August, 1848. He was a man of fine 
education, and wrote a history of Turner (unpublished), from which we have 
gleaned much of value. Dr PliUip Bradford was born at Turner Centre, July 

15, 1789. After attending the town schools, he studied at Hebron Academy, 
then attended lectures in the medical department of Dartmouth College, where 
he received his M.D. He located in Turner. He was a successful practitioner, 
and practiced also in Greene and Leeds, and other towns. He enjoyed the 
confidence of the public, both as a man and physician.. He died June 24, 1863. 
Dr Henry D. Irish was born in Buckfield in 1821. He studied medicine, and 
located at Turner Village, December, 1847. He was energetic, persevering, 
and persistent in a remarkable degree. He was one of the leading physicians at 
the time of his death, January 16, 1871. Dr H. L. Irish, his son, commenced 
practice in the village in March, 1875. He was graduated from a medical 
school in New York City, and is a successful practitioner. Dr William. H. 
Jewett located in Turner Village, and was a resident physician through life, 
except a term of service as surgeon in the Civil War. He was a faithful 



834 History of Androscoggin County. 

physician. He died August 26, 1879. Br Elhridge Gr. Edgecomh, son of Ben- 
jamin and Sarah Edgecomb, was born in Livermore, August 17, 1814. He was 
graduated at the medical department of Bowdoin College, and received his 
degree in 1845. He practiced successfully in Readfield and Foxcroft, and 
located in Turner in 1866, where for a quarter of a century he has attended 
to the arduous duties of his profession. Dr Riclmiond Bradford opened an 
ofhce here, but soon removed to Auburn. Dr Moscoe Smithy a native of Peru 
was educated at Maine State College and Bates College. He attended medical 
lectures at Brunswick and Harvard. He located in Turner in 1871, and by 
attention to his professional duties soon acquired a large business. He m. Ellen, 
daughter of Hon. Keuel Washburn. He owns and conducts a stock farm, and 
served his country in the Rebellion. He is a temperance worker, a member of 
the G. A. R., and a Mason, and is the present representative from Turner- 
Livermore district. Dr John T. CusJihu/, son of Charles and Sarah R. Cushing, 
was born in Turner, September 30, 1831. He attended college at Kent's Hill, 
studied medicine at the University of Michigan, and in 1864 received his M.D. 
from the University of Iowa, Keokuk, Iowa, and was principal of an academy 
in Georgia for four years. He married Hortense, daughter of James Sullivan 
Hale. He was a surgeon during the Civil War, and at its close located in 
Huron, Ohio, as a physician. He served on the school board and in the cit}^ 
council, and was mayor of Huron for several years. He returned to Turner in 
1881, and has represented his town in the legislature, and held other offices of 
trust. He was appointed special agent of the United States to collect statistics 
of recorded indebtedness in Maine for the eleventh census, and in November, 
1890, was appointed to an executive office in the division of mines and mining 
in the U. S. census bureau. He is a Republican in politics. He is a skillful 
physician and surgeon, and has been vice-president of Erie County Medical 
Society, of Ohio, and a member of Ohio State Medical Society, and Androscoggin 
County Medical Society. Oliver A. Sprar/ue^ M.D.^ son of Virgil H. and Julia 
R. Sprague, was born in Greene, January 6, 1864. He acquired his medical 
education at Maine Medical School, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
New York City, where he received his degree, March 11, 1889. After some 
practical experience in New York Cit}^ hospitals, he returned to Greene, and 
September 1, 1889, located in Turner, and is enjoying a good practice. 

Lawyers. — Ezekiel Whitman came in 1799. William K. Porter, of Bath, 
practiced here 16 years, dying in 1834. He was succeeded by Charles Andrews, 
Timothy Ludden, Mandeville T. Ludden, and Barzilla Streeter, who were here 
for a few j^ears. The present lawyer is E. V. Stevens. (See Bench and Bar.) 

Governor William Bradford was born in Yorkshire, England, March, 
1589, and died May 9, 1657, in Plymouth, Mass., whither he had come in 
1620 in the " Mayflower." He was governor of Plj'-mouth Colony 31 years. 
His oldest son by his second wife, Mrs Alice Southworth, was William, who 



Town of Turner. 835 



was deputy-governor. William's third wife was the widow of Rev. John 
Holmes. Their son Ephruim m. Elizabeth Brewster, of Duxbury. Of their 
children, Ezekiel (born in Kingston, 1728, died in 1816), married Betsey 
Chandler (born in Duxbury, 1728, died in Turner, 1811), and came to Turner 
about 1782. Six of his sons were also settlers here. His children were 
Uphraim, m. Judith Moulton ; William, m. Asenath Mason in 1776, lived on 
the Calvin McKenney farm ; children, William and Asa. William, Ji\ m. Chloe 
Phillips. Their married life continued over half a century. He was a great 
lover of music, a strong temperance advocate, and a liberal supporter of the 
gospel. He died in March, 1860, aged 83. His only son, Cren. Phillips Brad- 
ford, was born September 28, 1816, and died in Auburn, July 24, 1889. He 
m. Mary B. Bird, of Auburn ; their children were Rose (Mrs A. S. Daggett) 
and Commander Royal B. Bradford, U. S. N., who took a four years' course at 
the Naval Academy, was an honor man in his class, and now commands the 
U. S. S. Bennington. It was mainly through his efforts and those of Mellen 
Bray, Esq., of Boston, that a fine monument was erected in the Upper street 
burying-ground to the memor}^ of Ezekiel Bradford and his wife. Gen. Brad- 
ford acquired the rank of brigadier-general in the militia. He cultivated one 
of the finest and largest farms in town. He was conversant with town affairs, 
represented Turner in the legislature in 1866 and 1867, was a Mason for many 
years ; Deborah m. Barnabas Winslow ; Jesse m. Judith Weston, and erected a 
large house and a lumber and flour mill at Turner Centre ; Rebecca m. William 
True ; Chandler m. Sarah French. Their oldest son, Benjamin, settled in 
Livermore as a physician. Another son, "Major" Seth, lived on the river 
road and has descendants'; Ezekiel m. Mary House, and settled at the north 
end of Upper street. His daughter Betsey m. 2d, Dr Philip Bradford, Sarah 
ra. Royal Whitman, Nancy m. W. B. Bray; Martin m. Prudence Dillingham. 
He had a farm of 500 acres. Among his sons were Martin, Freeman, and 
Richmond; Philip m. Polly Bonney; Betsey m. Daniel Briggs, of Minot. 

Philip C. Bradford, son of Dr Philip Bradford and a great-grandson of 
Ezekiel Bradford, was born on Elmbrook Farm, where he now resides. At the 
age of 20 he went to Winthrop. He was in trade several years. For 15 years 
he was connected with the Winthrop Mills Company as stockholder, director, 
and agent ; for 20 years he was a director in the National Bank of Winthrop ; 
was a member of the legislature of 1862 and 1863. After nearly 40 years' 
absence, in 1886 he returned to his old home in Turner. He is a Universalist 
in liis religious preferences and a Democrat in his political affiliations. 

WiUiain B. Bradford, son of Jesse and Celia (Whitman) Bradford, of 
Turner, is a descendant of Gov. Bradford. His great-grandfather Jesse and 
grandfather Dura were natives of Massachusetts. Capt. Dura Bradford was 

iSix of the daughters m. prominent men: Justus Conant, Aaron Dillingham, Luther Bailey, and 
Horace Gary, of Turner; Elisha Stetson, of Auburn; and Reuel Toner, of Sweden. 



836 History of Androscoggin County. 

captain of the Turner Artillery in 1812. Mr Bradford deals in general m.er- 
ehandise and has been in trade many years in the store formerly occupied by 
his father. He is a Congregationalist in his religious views, a Republican 
politically, and has been town treasurer three years. He is a member of Blake 
Lodge, I. O. O. F., and now P. N. G. ; also a member of Nezinscot Lodge, 
F. & A. M. 

Major-G-eneral Alden Blossom^ son of Sylvanus and Martha (Alden) Blos- 
som, was born in Bridgewater, July 1, 1776. He came to Turner in 1800, 
where he married Lydia D., daughter of Moses Stevens, in 1803. They had a 
large family of children ; a son, George W., occupies the homestead on Upper 
street. Gen. Blossom was a useful man in the community. He was a trader, 
kept tavern, was postmaster for 25 years; was first a Whig, later a Democrat; 
was high sheriff for eight years of Oxford county; was interested in matters 
tending to further the prosperity of the town; a prominent Free Mason and a 
Congregationalist. He died in 1863. Family tradition says that he received 
13 commissions from governors of Massachusetts and Maine. His daughter, 
Narcissa, married Daniel, son of Dan and Deborah (Jones) Pratt, of Taunton, 
who settled in Turner in 1799. Dan Pratt served in tlie Revolution. The 
surviving children of Daniel and Narcissa (Blossom) Pratt are Sarah (Mrs 
E. M. Leavitt, of Auburn), Susan (Mrs M. W. Turner), and Judson A., the 
only descendant of Dan Pratt living in Turner. 

David Hale came early from Connecticut and purchased and settled on one 
of the original school lots of the town, which he purchased in 1803 for $1,100. 
His wife was a Kingsbury and a devout member of the Congregational church. 
They had two sons, Dr David and James S., and three daughters, all born in 
Connecticut. Dr David Hale settled at Livermore Falls, where he practiced 
medicine until his death. He has a son living in Iowa, and his granddaughter 
lives on his homestead. James Sullivan Hale inherited the lands of his father 
and added largely to them during his active and industrious life, and brought 
the whole into fine condition. He was a man universally esteemed, bore the 
title of "Squire," and was active in Congregational church circles. He died 
in December, 1880, and his wife (Betsey, daughter of John Staples) in Decem- 
ber, 1881. They had five children: Eugene, Hortense (Mrs J. T. Gushing), 
Frederick (dec), Augusta (Mrs George Gifford), Clarence. 

Hon. Eugene Hale was born in 1836, received the educational advantages of 
the schools of Turner and Hebron Academy, studied law with Howard & 
Strout in Portland, where he was admitted to the bar. When he was 21 he 
began the practice of law in Orland, but being soon offered a position as 
partner of a prominent lawyer of Ellsworth, he removed thither and became 
the junior partner of the firm of Robinson & Hale. Mr Robinson soon died, 
and Mr Hale succeeded to his large practice, and from that time has had a law 
office in Ellsworth. He has been county attorney of Hancock county several 



Town of Turner. 837 



years, member of the lower house of the state legislature several terms, 
member of the national House of Representatives for ten years, was elected 
U. S. senator in 1881, re-elected in 1887, and now holds the office. He married 
a daughter of Hon. Zach. Chandler, of Michigan, and has three sons. 

Hon. Job Prince was born in Buckfield in IVIarch, 1795. He was educated 
at the public schools and at Hebron Academy. He began life on a farm in 
Turner in March, 1819. His principal business was farming. In the War of 
1812 he served a short campaign in the Mass. militia. In May, 1818, was 
commissioned captain of militia; major, November, 1820; aid and orderly 
officer of the sixth division with the rank of major, February, 1822. As 
evidence of the estimation in which he was held by his fellow-citizens it may 
be stated that he served them acceptably in all the principal town offices ; was 
for many years a trustee and treasurer of the ministerial and grammar school 
funds of town ; trustee of the county and state agricultural societies ; member 
of both branches of the legislature and executive council; president of the 
state senate in 1839; county commissioner and judge of probate; assistant 
assessor of internal revenue ; justice of the peace and ilediinua justice from 
1832, and for 37 years justice of the quorum throughout the state. He was the 
first vice-president of Oxford County Agricultural Society in 1842-3-4, audits 
president in 1845-6. He was resorted to for surveying land, drawing deeds 
and bonds, and other legal instruments, held justice courts for the trial of 
many causes, acted as claim agent in procuring 42 Revolutionary pensions and 
347 land-warrants, and administered on 91 estates. A record of a more useful 
life it would be hard to find. He died May 1, 1875. 

Hon. Rufus Prince., son of Hon. Job Prince, was born July 11, 1825, and 
died March 27, 1891. He was educated at the district school and Westbrook 
Academy. He was selectman, member of the school committee, and town 
moderator of Turner, a county commissioner of Androscoggin county for two 
terms, county treasurer of Androscoggin, and served upon commissions and 
appointments from probate and insolvency courts, where he did almost as much 
business as many attorneys at law. In 1865 he was a member of Governor 
Cony's council. In 1866-67-68 he was a member of the state board of 
agriculture. In 1872 he represented Turner in the legislature, and in 1878-79 
was a member of the state senate. From 1867 to 1880 he was a member of 
the board of inspectors of prisons and jails. For nearly 15 years he was 
trustee and president of the Androscoggin County Agricultural Society. He 
assisted to the development of that society until the beginning of its joint 
exhibition with the Maine State Agricultural Society. In 1873 he was elected 
president of the Maine State Agricultural Society, and again in 1874-75-76. 
He was elected president of the Association in 1877. He was again elected 
in 1879 and re-elected each year until his death. In 1889 he was elected 
Worthy Master of the Maine State Grange. For six years he had been lecturer 



838 History of Androscoggin County. 

of the Turner Grange, and had also been master of that Grange. He was a 
strong temperance man, a devoted member of the Universalist church, presi- 
dent of the Maine State Universalist Convention for three years, and president 
of the Maine Universalist Sabbath School Convention for two years. His 
character was unimpeachable, for it was full of strong points upon a Christian 
side. He had a peculiarly agreeable manner and a soft and pleasant voice. 
No one ever approached him without receiving a welcome, and no one ever 
left him without appreciating the great kindness and patience of the man. 
Nobody appreciated or admired him more than the men who knew him best. 
He had an immense number of friends among the plain people of the state, 
and had lie lived would have been a formidable candidate for the Republican 
nomination for governor at the next state convention. 

aen. PMlo Clark was born in Minot, July 8, 1804, and died June 20, 1884. 
He came to Turner in 1817, and in 1825 succeeded his father in trade for many 
years. He was for a long time deputy sheriff of Oxford county, once 
sheriff, and in 1845-50 state senator. He was vice-president of Oxford County 
Agricultural Society in 1848-9, and its president in 1850. For many years he 
was unanimously chosen moderator at town meetings, and held many town 
offices. A strong Democrat, he was a standing delegate to county, district, 
state, and national conventions. He acquired his title of general in the militia, 
and made a splendid officer, having a grand physique, a fine military bearing, 
and a powerful voice. He was a Mason for 58 years. 

Solon Chase is a native of Turner. His father, Isaac Chase, came to Turner 
from Standish about 70 years ago, giving his name to Chase's Mills. His wife 
was Eunice, daughter of Rev. Nathaniel Chase, of Buckfield. The life of 
their son, Solon (born January 14, 1823,), was uneventful until he was about 
50 years old, when "he got the 'Greenback' religion and felt a call to preach." 
For the next 10 years he was a prominent figure in the political world, 
"stumping" nearly every state in the Union, and "Solon and them steers" 
were household words with thousands who had never listened to his rough and 
ready wit and original sayings. He was nominated in 1876 as member of 
Congress for the Second District. 520 votes only were cast for his party. 
At the next Congressional election he received 9,000 votes. He was also a 
popular editor of Greenback newspapers. When the Greenback agitation 
subsided, Mr Chase returned to his farm, and its management has since divided 
his time with his duties as postmaster. 

Leonard S'/ceff, JSsq., was born in Turner, August 11, 1825, served in the 
Mexican War after graduating at Waterville College, and in 1848 became a 
lawyer in Illinois, where he and Abraham Lincoln formed a strong mutual 
affection. When Mr Lincoln became President, Mr Swett was given charge of 
many important causes for the government. He was one of the most eloquent 
men of the Northwest, and in his practice defended 20 persons charged with 



Town of Turner. 839 



murder, securing the acquittal of 19. He delivered the oration at the unveiling 
of the statue of Lincoln in Chicago in 1887. He died in 1889. 

Joseph Henry Hooper^ son of Jacob and Deliverance Hooper, of Marble- 
head, Mass., was born in Augusta. Mr Hooper was a partner in the firm of 
Walter Corey & Co., of Portland, Me, for 18 years, and afterwards a member 
of the firm of E. A. Hooper & Co., of Boston, Mass. He married, August 14, 
1854, Miss Clarinda Morton Lindsey, of Turner, a granddaughter of Isaiah 
Leavitt, one of the earliest settlers of the town, and the farm on which Mr 
Hooper passed most of the last six years of his life was a part of the original 
Leavitt farm, which formerly extended from the hill to the river, and was 
first occupied by Isaiah's eldest son, Alvin Leavitt. Mr Hooper died May 29, 
1889. He was a member of Turner Grange, a Republican in his politics, and a 
Universalist in religion. 

Walter B. Beals was born in Turner, December 22, 1856. He is a son of 
Leonard M. Beals, who was born in Leeds, August 1, 1831. His maternal 
grandparents, Martin Leonard, born March 14, 1778, and his wife Hannah 
Stetson, born April 5, 1784, were among the early settlers from Bridgewater, 
Mass. Martin Leonard was engaged in trade with Alden Blossom at one time. 
He moved from Turner to Leeds 78 j^ears ago. Laura (Bradford) Beals, 
mother of W. B. Beals, was born in Turner, and is a daughter of Asa Brad- 
ford, and a lineal descendant of Gov. William Bradford, through his great- 
grandson, Ezekiel. In politics Mr Beals has always been a Republican. In 
religion he is a Universalist. He is a miller and dealer in flour, grain, and feed. 
He was town agent for eight years; chairman of Republican town committee 
six years; collector of taxes. In 1885 he was appointed by Gov. Bodwell, 
county commissioner for Androscoggin county, to fill the vacanc}'^ caused by 
the death of Henry Bonney, and elected to the same office in September, 1888, 
for the term of six years. He is a charter member of Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F., 
No. 110, its first recording secretary, and later its presiding officer. Lie is a 
member of Turner Grange, P. of H., a charter member of Major Leavitt Lodge, 
No. 74, Knights of Pythias, and its Master of Exchequer. 



840 HiSTOBY OF Androscoggin County. 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

HON. JESSE DREW. 

THE Drew (Drewe) family of England descend from an early noble 
Norman, tracing the line through centuries. Members of the family 
accompanied William the Conqueror to England, participated in the 
memorable battle of Hastings (1060), and were granted lands in Devon, Here- 
ford, and elsewhere, enrolled in the Doomsda}^ Book. According to a preamble 
to the Drew pedigree, given by the King of Arms, "The ancient and knightly 
family of Drew of Devonshire are lineal descendants from Richard, Duke of 
Normandy, grandfather of William the Conqueror. (Descendants of this line 
are now residents at Drewscliffe, Devon; a younger branch was transplanted 
to Ireland.) On the escutcheon is an ermined lion passant gules,, langued and 
armed. The quarterings show intermarriages with the Cliffords and other 
noble families. Crest: a bull's head erased sable; in his mouth three ears of 
wheat, '>r. Motto: Dra</o ; nomeii et virtas arma (JtuUf.'''' [Editor.] 

Hon. Jesse Dre/r, son of Stephen and Anna (Bisbee) Drew, and descendant 
of John Drew, the emigrant, of Plymouth in 16(>0 (who was son of William 
and grandson of Sir Edward Drew of England), was born in Turner, September 
21, 1808, and died in Eewiston, August 31, 1800. His father bought in 1803 a 
part of lot 224, ministerial lands. His early life was passed in Turner. He 
married (1st) Hannah T. Phillips, who died August 27, 1852. Children : 
Hannah G. (died young); E^'ranklin M.' (m. January 2, 1862, Araminta B., 
daughter of Gen. Merrill Woodman, of Naples, a lady prominent in church 
and benevolent works) ; Delphina M. (dec.) ; Ann P. (Mrs Robert H. Perkins) 
(dec.) ; George E. (m. Edna Flint). Mr Drew married (2) Clara B., daughter 
of Gen. Joel Wellington, of Monticello. She died October 27, 1867. Children : 
Gertrude H. (dec.) ; Morrill N. (county attorney of Aroostook county four 
years, and now member of the Maine House of Representatives). Mr Drew 
was a Democrat until the Republican party was organized. He was deputy 
sheriff and jailor of Oxford county many years and active in affairs. About 
1853 he removed to Aroostook county, engaged in trade at Caribou, and dis- 
played the same energy in this new field. His services were called for in 
shaping the political character of the county, and he was efficient all through 
the Civil War in enlisting and caring for soldiers. In 1865 he was appointed 
collector of customs at Fort Fairfield for the Aroostook district and displayed 
high ability in the conduct of the office, which he held for 16 years. He was 
a prominent citizen of the state as well as of Eastern Maine, served in the 

1 See page 330. 



Town of Turner. 841 



legislature, and probably no man in Maine had a wider acquaintance with 
prominent men. In religion he was a Universalist, but his friendliness 
extended to all who loved the right, and in social life he was the soul of kind- 
liness and honor. He was loyal to his trusts, his country'-, and his God, and 
his extended circle of friends will long remember his pure nature, his remark- 
able knowledge of men and events, his quaint humor, his keen and alert 
sagacity, and his warm friendships. Judge Whitehouse writes of him : " He 
has been a conspicuous figure in tlie history of the state; I never knew one of 
greater sagacity. He has been a successful man, and an honest, kindly, good 
man." Chief-Justice Peters says: '' He was a lovable man, full of goodness 
and sympathy for many friends. I shall miss him in my mind for long time to 
come, and could never forget him and his many personal kindnesses." 



842 History of Androscoggin County. 



LIVERMORE, 



CHAPTER LH. 

Situation— Soil— Incorporation— First Meeting and Names of Proprietors — Extracts 
from Proprietors' Records — Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers — Early Bound- 
aries— What Paul Coffin Writes of the People — Other Settlers, Etc. 

SITUATED between the hills of Oxford and the rolling lands of Kennebec, 
Livermore partakes of the characteristics of both. It has high hills, 
Hamlin's (or Mount Sier), Fuller's, and Waters' or Lovewell's, from 
which extensive and beautiful views are obtained, and, without being rough, is 
picturesque. It was at first heavily wooded with pine, hemlock, -maple, beech, 
birch, and oak. The original growth has been cut off; but the area of second 
growth is increasing. There are many noble elms. While in portions the land 
is rocky, there are sections quite free from stones, and the soil is a sandy 
loam, as in the valley of the Androscoggin and near the village. The river is 
broken by falls or rapids in three places, near the line of Jay, at Roccomeka, 
and at the Rips in "Tollawalla." It has several fertile and beautiful islands. 
At Strickland's ferry is a view of surpassing beauty. The soil is generally 
strong and productive, and there is scarce!}'' an acre of waste land. Requiring 
more labor than the valleys of Kennebec and Penobscot, it yields equal returns. 
Apples and dairy products aie the more noticeable sources of income, while 
other crops average with other towns. There are four ponds: Round and 
Long in the northerly part, separated by a few rods only; Bartlett's, near the 
centre, and Brettun's in the southwest part. There are several streams; two 
furnish a fair supply of water in ordinary seasons for grist and saw mills, 
and (in their day) furnished it for carding and clothing mills. There are 
excellent powers on the Androscoggin river, one at Livermore Falls, and 
another a short distance above. Livermore is 20 miles north of Lewiston, 25 
west of Augusta, and for some time after its settlement bore the name 
Port Royal, and, for a brief space, Liverton. Livermore is surrounded: 
east by East Livermore and Leeds, south by Leeds and Turner, west and 
north by Oxford and Franklin counties. At incorporation, February 28,1798, 
there was about 400 population; in 1800 there was 863; in 1810, 1,560; in 
1820, 2,174; in 1830, 2,445; in 1840, 2,745. For population and valuation since, 
see page 18. 

Among the petitions for lands in compensation for services in the French 
and Indian wars, made to the General Court of Massachusetts, was one from 



Town of Livermore. 843 



Nathaniel Harris and others. To these petitioners was granted township No. 2, 
"on the east side and next adjoining Connecticut River," for services in 
reducing Port Royal. The proprietors held their first meeting at the house of 
Isaac Baldwin, innholder in Weston, January 28, 1737. They were: — 

Nathaniel Barris, Esq., Capt. Samuel Googen, Capt. Benj. Flagg, Capt. Ebenezer 
Woodward. Capt. Ebenezer Learuard, Capt. John Hazzeltine, Thomas Gibbs, Jonas Ward, 
Ebenezer Whipple, Ensign Thomas Harrington, Lieut. Samuel Lyou, William Cheaney, 
James Colburn, Ebenezer Lyon, Dea. Thomas Marshall, Lt Jerijah Wales, John Sawin, 
Ephraim Sautle (Sawtelle), Isaac Parker, Jonathan Gates, John Stearns, Jonathan Wel- 
lington, Nath'l Davis, Eliphalet Lyon, Wd. Hannah Babcock, Josiah Sautle, Nath'l 
Whitmore, Ebenezer Hartshorn, John Harwood, Rev. John Whiting, Daniel Googen, Esq., 
Rev. Warham Williams, Thomas Marshall, Ebenezer Hubbard, William Chubb, John 
Maddock, Ensign Joseph Fuller. Samuel Smith, Peter Lyon, Benjamin Munroe, Jona. Ball, 
Nath'l Dike, Bemus Woodward, Dea. Ebenezer Goodhue, Benjamin Wood, William Robin- 
son, Benjamin Corey, John Cager, Nathan Whipple, Israel Reese, Peter Hunt, John Ramsey, 
Benjamin Chadwick, David Knap, Benjamin Aldridge, William Puffer. 

Previous to 1779, a large number of rights or shai-es came to Deacon Elijah 
Livermore by purchase at tax sales and from individual proprietors. 1743, 
November 1, a proprietors' meeting was adjourned to May, 1744, on account of 
the "rumor of war with France, and the winter season approaching." 1750, 
September 26, a meeting was held. 1770, May 23, the question was put "to 
know the minds of the proprietors if they would pursue their claim on the 
equity of Port Royal, and carried," and Major Livermore, Dr Leonard Williams, 
and George Babcock were chosen to petition the General Court to obtain 
another grant, as the old one had "fell into New Hampshire." 1771, June 
11, "to the original grantees, their assigns or legal representatives, their 
heirs and assigns," was granted "a township of the contents of six and three- 
quarter square miles in some of the unappropriated lands in the Province of 
Massachusetts Bay to the eastward of Saco river and adjoining some former 
grant, on the condition that the proprietors settle 60 families in said town in 
seven years, build a house for the public worship of God, settle a learned 
Protestant minister, and lay out one sixty-fourth part for the first settled 
minister, one sixty -fourth part for the ministry, one sixty-fourth part for the use 
of schools, and one sixty-fourth part for the use of Harvard College." 

1771, August 9, Samuel Livermore and Leonard Williams, for the proprie- 
tors, directed Elijah Livermore and Elisha Harrington to explore the countrj^ 
and select the location ; they " to take a boat and pilot at Brunswick Falls and 
proceed up the river as far as Rocky-Mico." The grant was located adjoining 
Sylvester (Turner), on both sides of the Androscoggin, and at first contained 
30,220 acres. 1772, June 17, at the house of Samuel Livermore in Waltham, 
Lieut Elijah Livermore, Capt. Ebenezer Learned, and Mr Richard Woodward 
were chosen to run out the lines around the township and divide the interval 



844 History of Androscoggin County. 



on the west side of the river into 61 shares, and lay out 61 100-acre lots. They 
took Ebenezer Waters as surveyor and Thomas Fish with them, and laid out 
lots in September and October, and made their report November 11. They 
did not divide the interval, as it was not extensive enough. They had run out 
the boundaries and laid out 60 lots, and reported "not enough land to fill the 
grant," and a committee was appointed to petition for a further grant. The 
proprietors then voted to open a horse-way to Sylvester town and a cart-way 
to Pondtown (Winthrop). 1773, February 21, voted to make the former a 
cart-way, and Elijah Livermore, Ebenezer Learned, and Thomas Fish were 
appointed to have the above roads cleared by the last of October. November 3 
Samuel Livermore was reported dead, and that Nathaniel Livermore had 
resigned his membership. Leonard Williams, Esq., Deacon (Lieut) Elijah 
Livermore, and Mr Elisha Harrington were chosen to " manage the prudentials 
of said proprietary." The accounts of Deacon Livermore, .£40 10s. lid., and 
Thomas Fish, £S1 2s. 7d., for clearing roads, were allowed. Thomas Fish was 
appointed to prosecute trespassers, and a committee was appointed to lay out 
the lemainder of the town. 1774. June 29, Leonard Williams, Elijah Liver- 
more, and Elisha Harrington were made a committee to erect a saw and grist 
mill. On account of the breaking out of the war with Great Britain no 
meeting was held from 1774 until 1779. 

In 1779 Deacon Livermore and Major Thomas Fish came as residents, 
and were soon joined by Josiah Wyer, Elisha Smith, and Mrs Carver. For the 
first year apprehension was felt of attacks from the Indians, but these soon 
became friends. Major Fish ^ was the representative of one of the grantees of 
Township No. 2 on the Connecticut. 1782, June 19, the mill lot, the island 
near it, and X60 were granted to build a mill on the brook leading from Liver- 
more (Long) and Stinchfield (Round) ponds, and Elijah Livermore agreed to 
build it. 1793, September 4, voted to build a meeting-house 50x40 feet on the 
east end of lot 36, first division, and £50 granted therefor; also to lay out a 
road from Turner to Phipps Canada from Deacon True's over Lowell's hill and 
between the ponds to the north line. (The proprietors' records continue until 
June 20, 1799.) 

^ Major Thomas Fish, an officer of the. Revolution, a gallant soldier, and a holder of an original 
right, came with Deacon Livermore in 1779, settling at Fish Meadow. His wife, Naomi Mixer, died 
while he was arranging to bring her here. He later became quite friendly with AVinthrop people and 
was engaged to be married to one of the bright young women of that town, Betsey Marrow. The only 
road to Winthrop was a blind track of spotted trees winding through the dense forest. January 3, 1782, 
he started from Winthrop late in the afternoon with two large rolls of leather. The snow was two feet 
deep and the weather cold; a heavy storm set in and he never reached Iiis destination, perishing 
near a large elm on the interval below Deacon Liverinore's house. He was an accomplished surveyor, 
an ingenious man, who could do anything demanded in the new country, and was a great loss to the 
settlement. His journal while ea route to Livermore and surveyor's minutes are given in full in 
" Notes on Livermore." 



Town of Livermore. 845 



The Ustahlished Seftlei-s in 1789 were Deacon Elijah Livermore, William 
Carver, Elisha Smith, Samuel Benjamin, John Walker, Josiah Wyer, James 
Delano, Reuben Wing, John Monk, Otis Robinson, Cutting Clark, E. Fisher, 

Pelatiah Gibbs, Daniel Holman, Henry Grevy, Nathaniel Dailey, and 

Randall. Deacon Elijah Livermo7'e was son of Samuel Livermore, and was 
born at Waltham, Mass., in March, 1730. He inherited his father's home- 
stead; was a lieutenant in the militia, and was deacon of the Congregationalist 
church in Waltham. He removed to Livermore in 1779, where he died, 
August 5, 1808. He was the first representative, unanimously elected May 9, 
1779, and tradition saj^s he made the journey to Boston on horseback, wearing 
a cocked hat, ruffled shirt, and knee breeches. He possessed great strength of 
character, and was an able counselor. He happily combined good sense, 
integrity, and kindness with a most genial humor, and when he died he was 
mourned by the whole settlement as a personal friend. His children were: 
Ahiijail, married Rev. Elisha Williams, the first schoolmaster. William, traded 
in Jay and Hallo well and was a major in militia. Hannah; Isaac, born 1768, 
died 1820, after being in trade in Hallowell, settled here as a farmer; was 
justice of the peace. /Sarah, m. Robert Pierpont, of Roxbury. He lived on 
the old Livermore farm, and died December 9, 1811. Their children were: 
Hannah; Robert, a resident of Livermore; George W., a resident of Livermore 
Falls; Elijah; Charles Henry; John M. Anna, born April (3, 1775, married, 
December 14, 1797, Dr Cyrus Hamlin. Samuel, born April 6, 1778, married 
Lura, daughter of Thomas Chase. He died November 26, 1823. He several 
times represented the town in the Massachusetts legislature. His children 
were Betsey, Emery, Lura (married Levi B. Young, of Livermore). Amos 
Livermore came from Waltham in 1795, located on the Spencer Goding farm. 
William, James, Amos, and Nathan Carver came with their mother from Dux- 
bury. William settled in 1780 on the lot afterwards occupied by George, a son 
of John Gibbs. Josiah Wyer, the third settler, was born in Watertown in 
1749 and moved to Livermore in 1779, married Rebecca Brackett, of Falmouth, 
in 1782, died July 7, 1827. He was a sergeant in the Revolution, and in the 
battle at Bunker Hill. Mr Wyer resided on the road leading towards North 
Turner bridge from the old Methodist meeting-house. His children were : 
Naney, born October 1, 1786 (she was the first female child born in the 
town); Isaac: William, married Luc}' Baker, was a soldier of 1812, and his 
son, Otis, was a soldier of the Rebellion; Betsey; Sally ; Nathaniel; Rehekali; 
George ; Charles. 

Lient Samnel Benjamin, the fourth settler, was an able man who received 
half-pay during life by special act of Congress for distinguished and long- 
continued service in the Revolution, married Tabitha Livermore in Waltham, 
January 16, 1782, and October 10, 1782, purchased of Deacon Livermore 120 
acres west of Long pond for .£30, and made his home in the log cabin built by 



846 History of Androscoggin County. 

Major Thomas Fish at Fish Meadow. In 1796 he bought the "Gibbs Mills" 
property, in 1797 and 1799 lot 11. He established "Benjamin's Ferry," was 
frequently in town office, selectman from 1801 to 1805, and a valuable settler. 
He died April 14, 1824, and his widow died, aged 80, June 20, 1837. Children : 
Billi/, who became colonel of militia, m. Phebe Wellington, and lived on the 
interval. Samuel. Nathaniel. Betsey., married Samuel Morison. Polly., m. 
Samuel Ames. Martha., m. Israel Washburn, March 30, 1812; died May 6, 
1861. David., m. Catherine Stanwood, and resided on the "old Benjamin farm," 
and lived nearly fourscore and ten j^ears. Hon. D. W. Benjamin, of Grand 
Rapids, Mich., is their son. Charles., was a cabinet maker on the interval. 
Elisha. B,uth,m. Jonathan Lovejoy; their son, Samuel B. M. Lovejoy, was a 
lieutenant in the Civil War. Major Joseph Mills, half-brother of Lieutenant 
Benjamin, came in a few years, and cleared the Capt. Samuel Atwood farm. 
Elisha Smith came from Martha's Vineyard about 1780, and purchased and 
lived on the lot afterwards owned by Rev. Thomas Wyman. lieuhen Wing, 
born 1771, was, says the Family Genealogy, 6th generation from John Wing, 
of Sandwich, Mass., who came from England in 1632, and son of Samuel 
and Hannah (Sears) Wing, who moved from Harwich, Mass., to Readfield, 
Me, in 1776. He came to Livermore before 1789; m. (1) Hannah, daughter 
of Elisha Smith; (2) Lucy Weld. He died in 1862 on the farm he had 
occupied over 65 years. He is said to have acquired an extensive information, 
especially of the Bible and religion, and was a faithful member of the Baptist 
church. Of his sons only Walter W. and Lewis M. attained maturity. Walter 
W. m. Lucy A. Wyman. They have two sons: Charles E. and George C. 
Csee pages 332 and 333). 

Daniel Holman, son of Solomon Holman, Jr, and brotlier of Col Jonathan 
Holman, of the Revolution, was a corporal in the Revolution, and one of the 
minute-men who marched to Concord, April 19, 1775. Before 1789, he emi- 
grated from Worcester county, and settled on and developed the Holman farm 
about a mile from North Livermore. His son, Abner, who afterwards occupied 
the farm, was a fifer in the War of 1812, and was a builder, and many buildings 
of his construction still stand in this region. John H. and Otis H., sons of 
Abner, were architects. Jolm H. Holman studied architecture and was at 
St Louis at the commencement of the Rebellion, where he was among the first 
to take sides for the Union. He raised two companies of sharp-shooters for 
the 26th Missouri. He was a brave soldier, winning rapid promotion, and at 
the close of the war commanded a brigade. He was later military governor of 
Eastern North Carolina, and afterwards superintended the construction of 
United States buildings on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. He died June 26, 
1883. His two sons, Minard L. and John O., residents of St Louis, are promi- 
nent as civil engineers. Otis H. Holman settled in Brooklyn, N. Y., and 
became noted as an engineer. He enlisted in the 158th Regiment, N. Y.V., and 
died January 25, 1864, of disease contracted in service. 



Town of Livermore. 847 



Beacon Elijah Fisher was born June 17, 1758, in Norton, Mass. He 
married Jerusha Keene, of Taunton. He was in Livermore in 1789, and settled 
on a farm south of the Strickland farm. He was a soldier of the Revolution, 
and was a member of "Washington's Life Guard," under Capt. Caleb Gibbs. 
On his 17th birthday he was in the battle of Bunker Hill, and remained in the 
service for nearl}^ six years. He received a pension for many years. He died 
in January, 1842. He was a sincere and devoted Baptist. Otis Robinson was 
the first blacksmitli, owned mills, subsequently became a Baptist minister and 
left the town. 'James, Jahez, Zehedee, and Ehenezer Delano, brothers, were here 
early. Zebedee located on the "Thomas Chase" farm; James on the farm 
owned by David Ivich in 1874, his sons, Calvin, Abel, and Leonard, settled in 
town ; Ebenezer lived in the west part ; Jabez settled on the east side of the 
river, and later on the "Meadow lot." Johi Walker was in the expedition to 
Quebec in 1775. His sons were Col Dexter, Elijah, Levi, and Rufus. Cuffin// 
Clarke, from Waltham, came soon after the settlement. He lived on Fuller's 
hill. He was a famous hunter, and attained a great age. Daniel Dailey and 
sons, Nathaniel and Nezer, were early settlers. Daniel and Nathaniel settled 
on farms on the east side of the river. Nezer settled on the west side, below 
the falls, and later occupied a farm above North Turner bridge. He had a 
son, Warren. Deacon Pelatiah Gibbs' came from Milford, Mass., and cleared 
the farm where Ebenezer Hinds subsequently lived. His sons, Capt. Jacob, 
John, and Frank Gibbs, were valuable citizens. Henry Crrevy, a Hessian who 
had served in the British army in the Revolution, settled on a farm east of Lt 
Benjamin's, and passed tiie residue of his life there. 

From 1789 to 1795, when the town was incorporated, the settlement 
increased rapidly by intelligent and valuable settlers. Among them were: 

Gen. David Learned. He came from Oxford, Mass., before 1790. He was 
a son of Gen. Ebenezer Learned, a Revolutionary officer, and one of the 
original proprietors of Port Royal. He became a prominent citizen, had the 
first store in town, which was immediately south of the Norlands church, and 
near where Capt. Otis Pray afterwards lived. Gen. David Learned was much 
interested in incorporating a new county, and he was enabled to have the 
name Oxford given it, after his native town. He was appointed the first 
sheriff of Oxford county, but retained his residence in Livermore. His house, 
which was built about a century ago, stood at the crossing of the roads near 
the Library. He was an early selectman and representative to Massachusetts 
General Court. He died in 1811, aged 44. His widow, Mary (Hurd) Learned, 
died January 14, 1863, in her 95th year. Their children were : Maria who 
married Publius R. R. Pray, who came about 1810. He afterwards studied 
law in New York, and settled in Pearlington, Miss., where he became an 
eminent jurist. He was one of the Judges of the High Court of Errors and 
Appeals, and published the Revised Statutes of the state in 1836. He died 



848 History of Androscoggin County. 

January 11, 1840. Samuel went South; Charles D. was a lawyer in Mississippi. 
Eliza died in Livermore, June 17, 1870. Mrs Learned's brother (William 
Hurd) made a farm and built a house at the head of Bartlett's pond. 

Henry Bond came in June, 1790, to occupy the land and attend to the 
half-interest in the first saw and grist mills, built by Deacon Livermore, which 
he had bought. His father was Col William Bond, of Watertown, a com- 
mander in the battle of Bunker Hill, who died in 1776. Henry Bond became 
deacon of the first church here, was the second teacher, and the first school- 
house was built but a short distance north of his mills. He died in March, 
1796. His widow married Zebedee Rose. His son, i7f>(ry, born in Watertown, 
1790, graduated at Dartmouth in 1813, became a physician first in Concord, 
N. H., later in Philadelphia, where he became distinguished, and died in 1859. 
He was author of an exhaustive historical and genealogical work on the 
families of Watertown, Mass. 

Sylvester Norton came from Martha's Vineyard, Mass., in 1789, with sons. 
Ransom, James, and Zebulon. Ransom Norton lived at North Livermore, 
was deacon in the Baptist church, and then clergyman. He died October 
25, 1834, aged 72. His sons, Jones, Jethro, and Charles, lived in the north part 
of the town. Jones and Jethro moved to Massachusetts. Eugene L., son of 
Jethro, was mayor of Charlestown, and served in the state senate. John, 
brother of Eugene, was a colonel in the Civil War. James Norton settled in 
the west part; he died in 1841. His sons were Moses, Ira, Tristram, and 
James. Zehulon lived between North Livermore and the Falls, and died in 
October, 1865, aged 85. He married (1st) Hannah, daughter of Deacon Pelatiah 
Gibbs; (2d) Mary Merritt. Of his sons, these were living in 1874: Sylvester; 
David; Herman; Seirall. The family is prominently represented in town by 
Sewall M. Norton, one of the leading agriculturists. Jonathan Crodiny, of 
Waltham, came in 1790, had a farm in the north part, and became a fine 
orchardist. Children : Peter, lived in Jay, Jonas and Spencer, farmers in 
Livermore, Hannali and Boijamin M. Thomas Chase, of Martha's Vineyard, 
with wife. Desire Luce, came in 1790. He served under Paul Jones in early 
life, and his intelligence and integrity made his recital of his adventures very 
interesting. His sons were: Thomas, Jr, who became a prominent man in 
town; his son, Thomas, 3d, was a lawyer and father of Mrs Elizabeth Akers 
Allen, the celebrated poetess (Florence Percy). Lathrop, a physician; James. 
Capt. Tristram Chase, his brother, settled on the westerl}^ side of Long pond. 
He was a shipmaster. His son, Charles, was a trader in Dixfield. Another 
brother. Deacon Sarson Chase, was an early shoe-maker; his farm was on the 
northerly slope of Lovewell's hill. Children: Jane, Mayhew, Sarson, and Mary. 
Ahial, John, and Ephraim Turner, of Scituate, were early comers here. Samuel 
Sawin, of Watertown, a Revolutionary soldier, located here about 1788. He 
was a fine orchardist. His brother, Abijah, settled near him. Samuel Hillman 



Town of Livermore. 849 



came in 1788. He was one of the "four partners," so called, Sylvanus Board- 
man, Ransom and James Norton being the others. He married Jane, sister of 
Ransom and James Norton, and became a Methodist preacher. He died in 
Monmouth, aged 80. His brother, Moseft, settled on the interval, in 1817, 
where he died December 17,1823. Tristram Hillmari^ Esq.,iov whom Hillman's 
Ferry was named, was his son. Isaac Loveivell came from Weston, Mass., 
before 1790. He purchased the large farm on the northerly side of the hill 
known as Lovewell's (or Waters's) hill, and had one of the largest orchards in 
town. He amassed a very considerable property by farming, loaning money, 
and "putting out" neat stock and sheep to "double in four years." He was a 
member of the Baptist church and one of its most liberal benefactors, con- 
tributing generously to its support while living, and leaving it a handsome 
bequest. 

The Monroe Brothers, Abijah, John, and Abel, emigrated to Livermore 
from Lincoln, Mass., about 1790. Ahijali Monroe kept the first inn, near 
Sanders Corner; the report of its excellent fare spread far and wide, and 
travelers would do their best to reach Monroe's before night. Rev. Paul Coffin 
often stopped with him. The first lawyers had their offices in this house; and 
here the people met to exchange news and talk over the world's happenings. 
He died in 1823. John Monroe became a farmer and died aged 92. Children: 
John, a successful school teacher, represented the town in the legislature, and 
resided here until his death, Allen, Abijah, Luda. Ahrl 3Ionroe, born in 
Lincoln, Mass., May 14, 1769, died June 24, 1861. He was an intelligent 
man, quick at repartee, and enjoyed theological discussions. He married (1st) 
Martha Bixby, of Keene, N. H. Of his children, Ifon. Joseph S. Monroe (dec.) 
was senator and judge of probate for Piscataquis county; Patty, m. Maj. Isaac 
Strickland; Julia m. Elias T. Aldrich; Greorge 3Ionroe, son of Abel and 
Salome P. Monroe (his second wife, born in Livermore, December 15, 1800; 
died April 20, 1876), was born in Livermore, January 15, 1835. He married 
Fannie, daughter of William and Ruth A. Bray, of North Turner, and a 
descendant of "Parson Strickland," the first minister in Turner. Her grand- 
father. Major Isaac Strickland, was well known as a public-spirited man. He 
accumulated a large property, and died March 4, 1886, aged 89 years. Mr 
Monroe is a carriage manufacturer and a blacksmith, and makes a specialty of 
horse-shoeing. In 1859 he went to California and remained 15 years, engaged 
in mining and blacksmithing. During this time he visited his old home five 
times. In 1886 he was tax collector and constable. He is a Republican 
politically, and a Universalist. 

Thomas Coolidge came from Cambridge in 1790, settled in the west part, 
developed a large farm with an excellent orchard to a high state of cultivation, 
married Lucy Wyeth, and died in 1834, aged 80. His widow died in 1850, 
aged nearly 97. Among their children were Daniel, a successful and wealthy 



850 History of Androscoggin County. 

farmer, and a captain of cavalry, UUsha, who accumulated wealth as a trader 
at Solon. Thomas, who was a successful fruit grower, and resided near the 
Norlands, ra. Phebe Paul. Children: William, lives at Canton, aged 87, 
Rhoda, Joel, George, Edmund, Albion, Augustus W. Augustus W. Coolidge 
went to Boston when 18, and acquired a practical knowledge of business. 
]\eturning to North Livermore, he clerked for his brother, William (who had 
traded here a long time), and September 1, 1854, commenced business for 
himself, and was in trade until his death, August 28, 1889. He was a large 
man of good presence, a Free Mason, and Baptist in religious inclinations. He 
married Julia E. Norton. Children: John F. (died September 10, 1883; his 
widow, Hattie L., is in trade and postmistress). Myra N. m. Ezra D. Thomp- 
son (son of J. D.), who died June 12, 1889. Mrs Julia E. Coolidge and 
daughter make their home at North Livermore. Joseph Ooolidge brought his 
family from Waltham in June, 1790. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and 
located in Jay, near the north line of Livermore. William Coolidr/e, also of 
Waltham, m. in 1799 Mary, daughter of Major Jonathan Hale, of Sutton, 
came to Livermore, and for the nine years he was a resident was of great 
importance; was captain of militia, a school teacher, and a man of influence. 

Eheiiezer Pitts, born in Taunton, Mass., in 1757, moved to Livermore from 
Ward, Mass., in 1791, and located upon and occupied until his death in April, 
1831, a farm near the Corner, the one subsequently occupied by his grandson, 
Ebenezer Pitts. His wife was Mary Ellis, of Raynham. He was a good 
citizen. Children: Philij) ; Anna, m. James Chase; Prudence, m. David 
Reed, settled in Livermore. Lieut Elijah Wellinfiton, from Lincoln, Mass., 
early located on the east side of the river. Children : Elijah, Nathan, Elbridge, 
and Phebe. 

Hastin(/s Strirklancl, born in Nottingham, N. XL, came in 1795, was son 
of Rev. John Strickland. He married Sally, daughter of Rev. Samuel Perley. 
He had a large farm and an extensive orchard south of Monroe's tavern. Mr 
Strickland died, aged 61, in 1829. Children: John, was a successful farmer, 
and frequently a town officer; Isaac, was a wealthy and prominent man; was 
major of cavalry, and state senator. He died in 1886; Samuel P., wsls a major- 
general of militia, a member of the executive council, and of both branches of 
the legislature; Hastings, was major of cavalry, sheriff of Penobscot county, 
member of the executive council, and a representative from Bangor; Lee, was 
born July 14, 1806, and died September 23, 1873. He was engaged in 
mercantile business at North Turner Bridge, then at Brettun's Mills. As a 
Democrat he was early a state senator, in 1853 sheriff of Oxford county, and 
in 1856, as a i^epublican, sheriff of Androscoggin county. In 1864 and 1867 
he was chosen county commissioner. He was prominent in the early militia 
and was at first captain of cavalry, and later colonel. In 1861 he raised a 
company, assigned to the Eighth Maine, was its captain, and soon commissioned 



Town of Livermore. 851 



colonel. He was a Universalist and a Free Mason, and few men were more 
widely known or more highly respected. He was prominent in promoting the 
Androscoggin Railroad. His son, Augustus, lived in Livermore. Crcoruc Byron 
Strii'Mand., a descendant of Rev. John Strickland and of one of the early 
families in Livermore, is a native of the town. His parents were Capt. John 
and Julia A. (Sawin) Strickland. George B. is a Democrat, though not a 
politician, and has served his townsmen as clerk, selectman, and member of 
the school committee for several years. He is now engaged in farming. 

February 28, 1795, the " Plantation called Livermore lying on both sides of 
the Androscoggin river and bounded as folio weth, viz, beginning at a Hemlock 
tree standing in the North-east corner of Turner on the westerly side of the 
Androscoggin river thence running North ()0° west in the Northeasterly line of 
said Turner 2 miles 210 Rods to a Birch tree thence North 4 miles 240 Rods to 
a Hemlock tree being the North-westerly corner of said Livermore thence 
North 65° East 3 miles and 100 rods to Androscoggin river thence East across 
said river 2 miles 260 rods to a birch tree in the Northeast corner of said Liver- 
more thence south 7 miles 250 rods to Androscoggin Pond thence southerly by 
said pond about one mile and an half to an Elm Tree standing in the southerly 
line of said Livermore thence West in said southerly line about 2 miles and 
190 rods to Androscoggin River, thence Northerly by said river to the first 
mentioned bound" and containing 30,220 acres, was incorporated into a town 
called Livermore. 

Rev. Paul CofQu, the faithful missionary, made several visits and records thus in his 
journal in these years: 1797. Sept. 8. Livermore. Crossed the river and rode seven miles 
to Dea. Livermore's. Rode three miles to Mr Morse's and preached from Jerera. 7:22, 23. 
This Morse is an admirable smith for shoeing horses, and cured a lame foot of my horse. 
In this town are Messrs. Williams and Robertson, Baptistic preachers, and Mr Hillman, a 
Methodist one. Sabbath. Sept. 10. Livermore. Preached at the house of Nath. Perley, 
from Matthew 1:21., and Psalms 141:2. This Perley is son of Rev. Perley of Gray, and 
married to a daughter of Rev. Strickland of Turner. A sou of said Strickland has married 
a daughter of said Perley. Both families live in vicinity. Was treated very well by both, 
and seemed at home. Rev. Strickland kept Sabbath with us. Baptized Isaac, child of 
Hastings Strickland and Sally. Jay and Livermore have about 100 families each. 1798. 
Aug. 27. Sat out for Livermore through part of Hartford. Aug. 29. Called at Samuel 
Atwood's in Livermore and gave instruction and Hemmeuway's sermon. Put up agreeably 
at Dr Hauiblin's in Livermore. Aug. 30. Livermore. Dr. Hamblin. His wife, house and 
situation are all agreeable. Visited David Learned's family and being unwell, spent the 
day with this pleasant and serious couple. Gave them instruction and Hemmeaway's 
sermon. She is quite modest and obliging, and gave me a successful cordial for my cholic. 
Preached at Dr Hambliu's from 2d Timothy 3: 14, 1.5. Gave instruction, and a Psalter and 
primer to Daniel Lovewell's wife. Invited by the wife of Abijah Munroe to put up with 
them for the night. He had just sprung his net on six dozen pigeons, and took them all. 
To take a whole flock is a common thing with him. This is near my friend Morse, the 
excellent blacksmith, near Turner. Aug. 31. Livermore, Friday. Grasshoppers were 
hurtful here, and in several other places between this and Windham. This town has about 



852 History of Androscoggin County. 



130 families, two-thirds grown in three years; much divided, having many Baptists, and 
two of them ministers, and one Methodistical preacher. They are superstitious, ignorant 
and predestinarian. Preached at Morse's to a small audience from Acts 17:30, 31. 
Eeturned to Munroe's and put up for the night. He and his wife are sensible and agreeable. 
Saturday. Sept. 1. There were in this place six pairs of twins under five years. The 
road from Rocomeco through Livermore to Turner is pretty straight about fifteen miles, 
and makes Livermore look much better to me than it did last year. Went to Deacon 
Livermore's and put up at that good house. He and son have about 50 excellent cattle, 
many sheep and horses and an orchard. Their house is large and high, of four rooms and 
two chimneys. They have four barns and as many sheds. From the Deacon's to Jay 
meeting house is 6 miles, to Sandy river 17, to Portland 63, to Turner 15. Sept. 2. 
Sabbath. Livermore. Preached at the School-house from Luke 2:13, 14 and Matthew 
5:23, 24. Then rode to Jay, by Squire Richardson's over Noyes ferry, about eight miles. 
1800. Sept. 9. Hartford. Livermore. Rode to Dr. Hambliu's of Livermore, visiting by 
the way, Messrs. Ames, Toland and Parker. Spake much with the Doctor, who seemed to 
suppose, as others also told me, that he had lately experienced the new birth. He is much 
of a predestinarian Baptist. He said, we regular clergy, teach people to do their best, and 
then, by 50 or 60 years they may arise to a ray of hope. He was evidently for that quick 
despatch which pleases many, and perhaps deceives thousands. Visited Mr Bartlet, and 
Major Learned. Mrs Learned only, was at home. She is, in person and behaviour quite 
engaging, attentive, decent and industrious. Her husband is beginning to trade. Has sold 
this summer goods to the amount of $500. His prospects are good. Sept. 10. Wednes- 
day. Livermore. The season was now happy and the grass green. Rode to my friend, 
Jonathan Morse, the excellent blacksmith. Preached from Acts 17:30, 31. His wife was 
the woman killed by the fall of his brother's house, 15th Aug. 1799. Put up with Abijah 
Monroe for the night. Sept. H. Thursday. Livermore. Fayette. Still good weather for 
corn. A Mr Bemis of Livermore has this year raised 200 bushels of rye and his corn is 
believed to be 500. Dea. Livejynore had a most thrifty and bearing orchard. 

Nathaniel Perley^ son of Rev. Samuel Perley, a descendant of Allen Perley, 
early of Ipswich, settled before 1797 near Turner line. He was prominent in 
affairs, a justice for many years, and was universally known as Esquire Perley. 
He died in 1844. His son, Natlianiel, succeeded W. H. Brettun, Jr, as a 
merchant about 1852, and was in trade until after the Civil War, when he 
removed to Illinois, where he died. Samuel F. Perley, son of Nathaniel, Jr, 
succeeded his father in merchandising and was in trade for quite a number of 
years. He married Sarah D., daughter of William H. Brettun, Jr. They have 
one child, Bessie B. Mr Perley is a Democrat, a Universalist, a successful 
business man, and has been in town office nearly 20 years. His records as 
clerk are models of clearness and legibility. 

Capt. Simeon Waters, with wife, Betsey (Marble) Waters, of Sutton, Mass., 
settled in Livermore, March 16, 1802, and he commenced work as a saddler. 
He was a farmer, also, and had one of the largest and best farms, situated 
on the southerly side of Waters's hill. He was the second captain of the 
Livermore company of cavalry; represented Livermore in the legislature of 
Massachusetts in 1806, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1814, 1815, 1816, and 1818, and 



Town of Livermore. 853 



served often as a town officer. He died March 27, 1866, aged nearly 95 years. 
Among his children were Olarendon, who lived on the old farm until his death; 
Brooksa, Almira, Cordelia, Abigail, Simeoyi, and Emeretta. Clarendon Waters 
was prominent in the Universalist church, a Republican in politics, a partici- 
pant in the town affairs, selectman of Livermore, and a good and practical 
citizen. His widow survives him. 

Deacon Ira Thompson, who married Sophia Drew, of Kingston, Mass., was 
born at Middleboro' in 1780. [The Thompsons were pioneer settlers of that 
town, prominent in the militia, and in the administration of the town affairs. 
The first of the name came to Plymouth in 1635. Capt. Asa Thompson com- 
manded the oldest militia company in Massachusetts. Jacob Thompson was 
elected town clerk of Middleboro' in 1706, and served 37 years; and for more 
than a century the name Thompson appears on the list of selectmen, John 
Thompson being chairman of the first board in 1674. Editor.] Mr Thompson 
came to Livermore in 1803, and by energy and perseverance developed one of 
the finest farms in the section, and resided here until his death in 1857. He 
was a good citizen, and for over 30 years a deacon of the First Baptist Church. 
His sons were: Ira D., a farmer in Livermore; Arad ; Erastus ; Job D., who 
occupied the homestead, and Charles 0. The family is represented in town by 
some of its prosperous farmers and respected citizens. 

Israel Washburn, a son of a Revolutionary soldier (who was a member of 
the convention that adopted the first constitution of Massachusetts), was born 
in Raynham, Mass., November 18, 1784. He emigrated to Maine in 1806; 
taught school at first, then became a ship-builder and merchant at Richmond. 
In 1800 he purchased of Artemas Leonard his farm and store, established 
himself as a merchant, and made his home at the "Norlands," until his death in 
1876. As merchant, magistrate, town officer, and representative many years, 
he was intimately connected with the town's affairs. A man of rare intel- 
ligence, affability, and great conversational powers, with a retentive memory, 
he was one whom it was both an honor and a pleasure to know. His wife was 
Martha, daughter of Lieut Samuel Benjamin, who was born in Livermore, 
October 4, 1792, and died May 6, 1861. She possessed a strong natural 
intellect, great energy and decision of character, a sweet and amiable disposi- 
tion, a heart and hand ready for every good work, and an unostentatious piety. 
She inculcated in her children all that was most noble and valuable in life. 
As Hon. Hannibal Hamlin said: "Rome in all her glory never produced such 
a mother as the mother of the Washburns." Children: Israel (LL.D.), born 
June 6, 1813, died May 15, 1883, was educated for the bar, and settled at 
Orono, December, 1834. He continued in practice until about 1860. He was 
a member of the legislature in 1842, and representative from the Penobscot 
district in the 32d, 33d, 34th, 35th, and 36th Congresses of the United States. 
He resigned January 1, 1861, having been elected governor of Maine in 1860. 



854 History op Androscoggin County. 

He was re-elected in September, 1861, and declined a subsequent election. In 
1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln collector of the port of Portland, 
and held that office for many years. He was a Universalist and a president of 
the board of trustees of Tufts College. In 1874 he published "Notes 
Historical, Etc., of Livermore," an exhaustive work, of which we have made 
extensive use. His surviving children are Israel H., a retired officer of U. S. 
Marines, Ada, and Maud. Ahjernon S., was a merchant in Boston, and after- 
wards a banker in Hallowell, where he died in 1879. His son, John, is at the 
head of the reorganized Washburn-Crosby Company at Minneapolis. Ulihu B., 
studied law, went to Illinois in 1840, and commenced practice at Galena, where 
he married Adele Gratiot. (Their son, Hempstead, is the present mayor of 
Chicago. Another son, William Pitt Washburn, was born in Washington, D. C, 
April 22, 1854. He makes the Norlands his summer residence.) In 1852 he was 
elected representative in Congress and was continued in this office till March, 
1869, being at the time of his retirement the oldest member by consecutive elec- 
tions. In March, 1809, he was appointed secretary of state, but soon resigned to 
accept tlie office of minister plenipotentiary to France. He was in Paris as 
minister during the siege by the Prussians and the reign of the Commune, 
and did most admirable service. He died at Chicao^o in 1887. Cadwaladcr O. 
(LL.D.), was a lawyer, and settled in Mineral Point, Wis., about 1841, and later 
removed to Madison in that state. He was a member of the 34th, 35th, 36th, 
39th, and 40th Congresses: was a major-general in the Civil War. In Novem- 
ber, 1871, he was elected governor of Wisconsin. He died in Arkansas in 
1882. Martha married Col Charles L. Stephenson, a native of Gorham, and 
resided in Galena, 111. Charles A.^ graduated at Bowdoin and later became a 
publisher and editor in Californa. He was an elector at large from that state 
in 1860 ; in 1861 was appointed U. S. minister resident at Paraguay. He was 
recalled at his own request in 1869. He was author of a history of Paraguay, 
and of other works. He died in New York in 1889. Samuel B. was a ship- 
master, and afterwards an extensive lumberman, and a captain in the navy in 
the Civil War. He died in 1890. Mary B. (dec.) married Gustavus A. 
l^uffum. Frank W. and Charles G., their sons, are prominent lumbermen of 
Louisiana, Mo. William B. graduated at Bowdoin in 1854, studied law, and 
subsequently was extensively interested in timber lands and mill property in 
Minnesota. From 1861 to 1865 he was surveyor-general of Minnesota, and 
has been president of Minneapolis & St Louis Railroad, a member of Congress 
from Minnesota, and prominent in the wonderful development of the water- 
power at Minneapolis, and connected with the immense flouring mills at that 
city, as well as in various official and financial relations. Caroline A. married 
Dr Freeland S. Holmes, surgeon of the Sixth Maine, who died in service in 
September, 1868. Her home is in Minneapolis. This one family has given to the 
nation four members of Congress from four different states, one secretary of 



Town of Livermore. 855 



state, two foreign ministers, two governors of two different states, one major- 
general in the U. S. army, and one captain in the U. S. navy. 

Capt. Otis Pray settled here about 1810, and was extensively engaged as a 
mill-wright, and had the reputation of being a superior workman. He became 
captain of the Livermore cavalry, and in his later years cultivated the well- 
known farm south of the Norlands church, which he had occupied more than 
60 years. He was an honored citizen, and died in 1874, aged 85 years. He 
was brother of Gen. Publius R. R. Pray. His sons were Albert C. and Otis A. 
Captain Fray's brothers, Publius and Ephraim, came with him, and resided 
here for many years (see page 847). 

Samuel Morhon settled here about 1810. He moved to Bangor in 1835. 
Of his sons, Samuel B. was a graduate of Bowdoin, and after practicing some 
years as a physician, moved to Bangor and was U. S. pension agent; Dorillus 
was a wealthy man in Minneapolis, where he was mayor; H. G. O. also became 
a prominent citizen of Minnesota. Russell S. was a merchant of Bangor. 

Johi Smith came from Brentwood, N. H., in 1816, and engaged in tanning 
near the Falls and did a profitable business. He married Mary Sanborn, of 
Acton. He was one of the first directors of the Androscoggin railroad, and a 
prominent and generous member of the Baptist church of Livermore Falls for 
58 years. After a life of unostentatious usefulness, he died April 26, 1880, 
aged 94. Cateh Smithy son of John and Mary (Sanborn) Smith, was born in 
Livermore, March 2, 1818. Mr Smitli continued the business of his father as 
a tanner and currier, and has a farm of 500 acres, which he conducts with his 
sons, Samuel, Franklin B., and Charles B. ; another son, Horace, is in the shoe 
business in Portland, Ore.; Wallace died in Livermore. Mr Smith married 
Fannie W. Winslow, a native of Jay. He is a Republican in politics, and 
represented his district in 1873, is a Baptist in his religious affiliations, and an 
esteemed and valued citizen. 

Napbtali Coffin, Asa Bartlett, Thomas aud David Rich, Jacob Berais, Jesse Kidder, 
George Chandler, Col Josiah Hobbs, Benjamin Winslow, Perez Ellis, James Timberlake, 
Solomon Edes, Capt. Charles J. Baker, Isaac Fuller, Ichabod Boothby, Thomas and 
Hezekiah Bryant, Isaac Hamlin, Samuel Beals, David Whitman, Elisha Chenery, William 
Tbompson, Rufus Hewett, James Walker, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Isaiah Keith, Apollos Jones, 
Stacy Knox, J. Basford, Samuel Hersey, Eben Keith, Dea. John Elliot, Dea. Benjamin True, 
Daniel Briggs, John Bigelow, Col Bartholomew Woodbury, Ephraim Child, David Read, 
John Sanders, Peter Humphrey, Joshua Campbell, Col William, Robert, James, and Samuel 
Morison, Lieut Israel Paul, Benjamin, Daniel, and Didymus Edgecomb, Joseph Meserve, 
Joseph Merrill, and others were valuable additions to the town in the early part of the 
century, most of them from Massachusetts. The route generally used by them on their 
way was by sailing vessels to Hallowell, by wagons or sleighs to the end of the road at 
Androscoggin pond. There they embarked in the primitive boats or scows to cross the 
pond, go down Dead river, and up the Androscoggin to the ferry above the "rips." The 
first ferry, at "ToUa- Walla," was soon abandoned and Hillman's Ferry (then called Fuller's) 



856 History of Androscoggin County. 

was established. One was in use for a time below the Falls, and one at Lieutenant Benja- 
min's, which was discontinued about 1835, and Strickland's Ferry, then Norris's, was put 
into use. 

Deacon Livermore, the first settler and a large proprietor, from whom the 
town was named, was a wise man of wealth and drew about him other settlers 
of worth and means. Many of the settlers came from Cambridge, Watertown, 
Waltham, others from Worcester and Bristol counties, and Martha's Vineyard. 
Those from the vicinity of Boston were familiar with orcharding and Liver- 
more early became noted for the quantity and quality of its fruit. "From 
Bristol and Worcester counties came those whose descendants made known 
the town in Boston markets for its excellent cheese." In elements of intelli- 
gence, education, and strong mental powers few of the towns of Maine had 
such valuable possessions in their settlers, and their descendants have done 
honor to the town in the highest positions of public, political, and commercial 
life in the land. 



CHAPTER LIII. 

Excerpts from Town Records — Early Mills — Early Traders and Tradesmen — Liver- 
more Village — North Livermore — Livermore Centre — Farmers — Revolutiouary Soldiers — 
Early Militia — War of 1812 — Civil War —Ecclesiastical — Physicians and Lawyers — 
Education — The Norlands — Washburn Memorial Library — Civil List. 

THE FIRST town MEETING was held April 13, 1795, at the house of Deacon Elijah Liver- 
more. Samuel Hillraau was chosen town clerk and treasurer; David Learnerd, Sylvanus 
Boardman, and Pelatiah Gibbs, selectmen; Pelatiah Gibbs, constable; James Norton, Elisha 
Smith, William Lindsey, David Morse, Samuel Sawin, Reuben Wing, Abraham Fuller, 
surveyors of roads; Thomas Chase, David Morse, Elijah Stephens, surveyors of lumber; Ransom 
Norton, sealer of weights and measures; Thomas Chase and Isaac Lovewell, fence viewers; Elijah 
Stephens and Abijah Munroe, liog-reeves; and James Delano, pound-keeper. July 28, £50 were voted 
for roads, £10 for schools, £15 for the poor, paying town officers, and other charges. Elisha Williams, 
Samuel Benjamin, and Ransom Norton were chosen to form school districts. Roads were accepted 
from Turner, from Jay to Fayette, from E. Stephen's ferry, from Deacon Livermore's to New Sand- 
wich, from the road to Turner's Mills to Chase's Mills, from the Turner road to Chase's Mills, from 
Littleborough to Benjamin's Mills, from Samuel Sawin's towards Fuller's and Learnard's Ferry, and 
from Turner road towards Deacon Livermore's. 1796. January 11, Sylvanus Boardman was chosen 
delegate to vote against the division of the county of Cumberland. This meeting was held at the 
school-house. March 7, Thomas Chace, Samuel Benjamin, and David Morse were chosen school wards. 
Voted that the east side of the river be a school district, and that " Nezer Daile, Nathaniel Perley, 
Ransom Norton, Thomas Choolege, Samuel Benjamin, and Thomas Wing divide the west side into six 
districts." April 4, first election of state ofificers. Increase Sumner received all the 40 votes cast for 
governor. 1797. April 3, voted to build a pound within 50 rods of James Delano's house. May 10, 
voted unanimously to ask for the separation of the district of Maine. November 5, voted to petition 
the General Court to divide Livermore into two towns, and make the river the dividing line between 
the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln. 1799. April 1, voted to raise .fiSOO for highways. 1801. 
September 29, Cyrus Hamlin was chosen delegate to a convention at Paris to consider the propriety of 



Town of Liveemore. 857 



erecting a separate county. 1803. April 4, voted to raise .$130 for hiring preaching. Voted that the 
assessors talve the minds of the inhabitants respecting what denomination each one will pay his money 
to. 1804. In March voted to be annexed to the county of Kennebec if disunited from Cumberland. 
April 2, David Learned, Elijali Livermore, and Jesse Stone were chosen a committee to petition to .sell 
the ministerial and parsonage lands. May 8, voted that any [religious] society in town have the consent 
of the town to get incorporated. 

1805. May 6, voted to give 25 cents for crows' heads, this year. November 25, voted Col David 
Learned to remonstrate against dividing the county into half "shiers." 1807. April 0, 83 votes were 
cast in favor of the erection of Maine into a separate state, and 54 against. October 2, voted to raise 
$150 for military stores, and " to build a Powder house of Brick and stone on the Isaac Lovell nook." 
Voted that Mr Sylvanus Boardman be accepted as the town's minister and put in possession of the 
remaining part of the right of land granted to the town, he giving security for the payment of .$450, to 
be divided between the Methodist and Universal societies, and indemnifying the town with respect to 
the use of ministry land or any other ways to support him. 1808. May 2, votes for the reconsideration 
of the settlement of Elder Boardman 54, votes for the settlement 45. 1813. April 5, voted to petition 
Congress to have the post route continued from Livermore to Farmington. 1814. April 4, voted to 
divide the money arising from the ministerial fund amongst the male inhabitants who are 21 years and 
upwards, and Ira Thompson, Abel Munroe, and Simeon Waters were chosen a committee to do this. 
1815. March 6, the selectmen were instructed to procure cartridges and balls sufficient for all the 
training soldiers in town and deposit them in the magazine prior to the first Tuesday in May next and 
give notice thereof to the several commanders and companies. 181(). Yeas 124, nays 20, on the separa- 
tion of Maine. Benjamin Bradford and William H. Brettun were chosen delegates to a convention at 
Brunswick concerning the separation. 1818. May 4, voted to take a new census for dividing the 
interest of the minister fund-money and chose Baley Hathaway, Theodore INIastin, and John Turner to 
represent the Baptist church; William Morison, Abel Monroe, and Nathan Soule, the Methodist; John 
Griffith, John Leavitt, and Jonathan Bryant, the Universalist. 1819. July 26, voted that the select- 
men agree with the several ferrymen to ferry the voters on the east side of the river at the expense of 
the town when going to and from town meetings. September 20, Benjamin Bradford and Thomas 
Chase, Jr, were chosen delegates to the constitutional convention at Portland. December 20, Livermore 
cast 76 votes for the adoption of the constitution, and 2 against it. 

1820. April 3, William King had 111 votes for the first governor of Maine, Mark L. Hill 15, John 
Howard 4, Ezekiel Whitman, Merchant Philbrick, and Thomas Chase, Jr, 1 each. 1822. September 
9, William H. Brettun & Son, Samuel Morison, Israel Washburn, Davis Washburn, Elisha Pettengill, 
John S. Stone, Abijah Munroe, and John A. Kimball were licensed as retailers of liquors. 1823. 
April 7, Isaac Fuller was allowed .$5 for placing plank on the edge of the river at his ferry to make it 
safe passing at this season of the year. September 8, voted to assess $300 upon District No. 7, to build 
a school-house. 1826. April 3. This meeting was held at the Baptist meeting-house instead of the 
Methodist, the usual place of meeting, and voted the September meeting be at the Baptist 
meeting-house. 1827. March 6, voted to give the Methodists $6 a year for the use of their house for 
town meetings. March 1, 1.S33, the $200 (interest from the ministerial fund) was divided: The 
Universalist Society (west side) received $45; Universalist (east side), $23.66; First Baptist, .$.36.65; 
Second Baptist, $7.42; Third Baptist, $25.52; Methodist (west side), $26.91; Methodist (east side), 
$21..34; Freewill Baptist, $9.74; Elder Hayes, $3.72. 1837. March 24, voted to receive the public 
money and to apply it in payment for the farm recently purchased. 1840. September 14, voted not to 
divide the town. 

1843. March 6, the town consented to the incorporation of East Livermore. September 11, the 
public property of Livermore was divided between Livermore and East Livermore. 1846. March 2, 
voted that the selectmen employ a physician, in whom they have confidence, " to vaccinate all the 
inhabitants of the town with Klne pock, who may be willing." 1847. May 24, the selectmen were 
directed to procure a new hear.se, etc., and ascertain the cost of a hearse-house. 1852. February 4, 
refused to loan the credit of the town to the Androscoggin Railroad. 1855. May 1, Clarendon Waters 
was appointed liquor agent. 1858. June 7, Livermore gave 111 votes for the Prohibitory Law and one 
for the License Law of ]8,")6. September 13, John Saunders, Zebulon Goding, Nathaniel Perley, and 
Wm Child, with a majority of the selectmen, were made a committee to purchase a town farm. 1859. 
March 7, voted that the selectmen be instructed to regard the Second Advent Christians and Spirit- 
ualists as religious societies and entitled to their just proportion of said interest of the ministerial fund. 
1860. March 19, the selectmen were authorized to purchase the Phineas S. Gibbs farm for a town farm, 
at a price not exceeding $700. September 10, for governor, Israel Washburn, Jr, had 211 votes, and 



858 History of Androscoggin County, 

Ephraim K. Smart, 149. 1866. June 9, authorized the issue of six per cent, bonds to fund the town 
debt, to be redeemable within 15 years. 1871. September 11, voted to exempt from taxation, for ten 
years, any wholesale boot and shoe factory, located in town, with a capital of $1,000 or more. 1880. 
December 8, voted to exempt from taxation, for five years, the steam mill, machinery, and stock owned 
by G. T. Piper. 1891. Valuation, $413,877. Number of taxable polls, 323. The resources of the town 
amount to $2,048.08; liabilities, $1,177.54. 

Early Mills (for water-powers see page 42). — The first mills were grist and 
saw mills, erected near the outlet of Long pond, by Deacon Livermore, before 
1783. These were later owned in whole or in part in succession by Otis 
Robinson, Henry Bond, Lt Samuel Benjamin, Nathaniel Dailey, James Parker, 
Eli Putnam, Thomas Rich, and Jacob Gibbs, by whose name they were called 
for many years. Saw, fulling, and carding mills (and later a grist-mill) were 
erected in 1812 on Mill stream, above the interval, by John Fuller who came 
in 1795 with his brothers, Isaac and Abram. He died in 1829, aged 85. 
Isaac, a Revolutionary soldier, kept the ferry (later called Hill man's) at the 
interval for a long time, dying in 1851, aged 82. These were called 
Fuller's Mills for years, and later conducted by John A. Kimball. Gen. David 
Learned built a saw-mill at the outlet of Bartlett's pond, about 1800. Joseph 
Horsley erected saw and fulling mills, in 1804, on Bog brook, which brought 
custom from Bethel and other distant points. The power at the foot of 
Turner's (Brettun's) pond was early occupied by Deacon Livermore, who 
built saw and grist mills. Samuel Park made scythes at the Falls. Ichabod 
Boothby ' made scythe-snaths, and Henry Aldrich was in the same business at 
Brettun's Mills. 

Early Traders and Tradesmen. — The first trader was Gen. David Learned, 
in a small store just south of the Norlands Church. He was succeeded, in 
1805, by Artemas Leonard, from Raynhara, who removed it to the Dr Hamlin 
place. Israel Washburn, also from Raynham, in 1809, purchased Leonard's 
farm and business and conducted trade until 1829. Samuel Morison, Samuel 
F. Fuller, and Francis F. Haines were early traders on the east side. Besides 
Joseph Stone, Captain Alpheus Kendall had a tannery at the foot of Bartlett's 
pond. This did a large business. John Smith, in 1817, started a tannery near 
Livermore Falls, which has done business until the present. Thomas Wing 
was an early mill-wright and carpenter. Isaiah Keith and Otis and Ebenezer 

^Ic.hahod Boothhij came early from Scarborough. He was a stage driver, and drove the first stage 
on the line from Saco to Brunswick, and had charge of a box containing the gold and silver to establish 
the first bank in Bath. Mr Boothby lived in the soutli part and built a scythe-snath factory, which he 
conducted for 50 years. He was born in 1789 and died 1868, a useful and honest citizen. He married 
Charlotte Knight. Their children were: Levi P., of Waterville; Charles H. and Eleazer B., of 
Livermore; David S., of Auburn; Prudence (dec). Charles H. Boothbtj married Betsey Wheeler 
Hescock, of Jay. Children: Frank H.; Charle.s H., of Portland; Fred D. (dec); Cora P.; Annie C; 
Ernest R.; George L., of Montana; Lillian M.; Ora W.; Harold A. Frank H. Boothhy, born April 
13, 1852, married Carrie M. Young, of North Rumford. He owns and conducts a farm of 60 acres ; has 
been a justice of the peace for 9 years; is a popular insurance agent, and an adjuster and one of the 
directors of the Maine Mutual Accident Association of Portland. 



Town of Livermoee. 859 



Pray were mill-wrights. David Morse was a carpenter and joiner, a mason, 
and a mill-wright. They lived in the south part on the old main road. Col 
Elias Morse, his son, was also a carpenter. Ebenezer Hinds (1801), Abner 
and Samuel P. Holman, Nathaniel Soper, Obededora Brown, Samuel Boothby, 
Alfred Parker, Zebedee Rose, ApoUos Jones, Samuel Hersey were carpenters. 
The early blacksmiths were Otis llobinson, Capt. Jonathan Morse, David 
Read, Wm Sanders, Nathan Bartlett, Jeremiah Bean, Ebenezer Pray, James 
H. Putnam, and others. Captain Simeon Waters was a saddler. Sylvester 
Norton, Sarson Chase, and John Sanders were early slioemakers. Kilah Hall, 
from Raynham, made clocks in the south part of the town. Peter Humphrey 
was the mason from 1800 till his death, some years later. 

LiVERMORE V^iLLAGE (Brettun's Mills). — The first development of this 
place was early. Soon after the town was fairly settled, Deacon Elijah Liver- 
more erected mills, that, bringing people here with their "grists" and saw-logs, 
soon made it a centre of trade. The mills were later owned by Captain Henry 
Sawtelle, Nezar Dailey, and William H. Brettun, who bought them in 1810. 
About this time Ozias Bartlett had a carding mill, later run by John Hanna. 
Henry Aldrich made scythe-snaths here from 1810 to 1825. Various other 
industries centered here. Mr Brettun, who had conducted quite a large trade 
in a store on his farm, threw both energy and capital into developing the 
village. He built shingle, carding and fulling mills, opened a large stock of 
goods for sale, made potash, and Brettun's Mills transacted a large amount of 
business in various lines. About 1836 he removed to Bangor. His son, 
William H. I^rettun, Jr, succeeded him as a merchant, was succeeded in 1852 
by Nathaniel Perley. Mr Perley did a fine business for nearly 15 years and 
was followed by his son, Samuel F. Perley. George T. Piper, a merchant of 
Strickland's Ferry, came here in 1869, bought out Mr Perley, and, alone and 
with others, was in trade until 1880. From 1840 to 1870, Abner L. Aldrich, 
Barzillai Latham, Isaac and Augustus H. Strickland, Samuel B. Holt (who 
built a store in 1840), Dorillus Morison, G. W. C. Washburn, and others were 
in trade for long or short periods. About 1865, S. F. Perley transformed the 
carriage shop of Palmer Elliott^ into a store, which he sold to Mr Piper. 
J. Fuller & Co. was here in 1870, and George B. Strickland was a partner of Mr 
Piper (Piper & Strickland) in this store about 1870. W. F. Fuller, son of 
Eland Fuller (who came from Hartford and was a tailor for years), was a 
partner of Mr Piper under firm name G. T. Piper & Co. They sold to Roscoe 

^ Deacon John Elliott hecarae a, reaident ot Livermore in 1813. His wife was Elizabeth Marble, of 
Sutton, Mass., where their son, Palmer, was born in 1806. In 1855 Palmer Elliott came to Brettun's 
Mills, where he erected many houses, and manufactured carriages for 10 years. His daugliter, Mary, 
married John McCormick.son of Patrick and Mary (Lewis) McCormick, born at Gibraltar, Spain. His 
latlier was an orderly under Wellington, and came to Maine in 1826. Mr McCormick served three years 
in the Civil War. He is a Republican, a Methodist, and a farmer, and belongs to Wilson Post, G. A. R., 
and Turner Grange. 



860 History of Androscoggin County. 

G. Goding and in a few years bought him out. Since Mr Piper retired in 1880, 
Mr Fuller has conducted trade alone and is postmaster. Oliver Stevens had a 
store in 1874 and later. R. F. Gordon traded in 1877 and until 1879. George 
A. Gordon was in trade some years about 1880. The last trader in the Holt 
store was P. M. Jones, who went out of trade in 1889. 

A brisk business was conducted in the mills from Mr Brettun's day, but no 
great expansion occurred until after 1870, when the Soule shoe factory 
employed from 50 to 100 hands for some years, S. V. Young about 25, and 
business was lively. In 1871 there were two saw-mills with shingle and other 
machinery, and a grist-mill, operated by water, and a large steam mill, making 
shook, boxes, and spools, emplo3dng numerous hands and carried on by Russell 
Bros. They were succeeded by Theodore Russell, Jr, the property soon 
passing into the hands of his father. G. T. Piper sold the grist-mill to Phillips 
Bros in 1877. In 1881 C. F. Phillips had the grist-mill, A. S. & E. F. Phillips, 
lumber mills. From 1880, under Mr Piper's operations, times were again brisk. 
He built a large mill, employed about 50 men in making excelsior, staves, spool 
stock, and novelty wood-turning. This mill was burned April 5, 1883, rebuilt, 
and used for novelty wood-turning until June 6, 1888, when it was again 
burned. A match factory was built in 1890 by Shorey & Sons, but ran only 
one season. E. F. Phillips now operates the saw-mill, and C. F. Phillips the 
grist-mill, to which he has just added the making of apple barrels. 

Livermore Dairying Association was organized in the spring of 1887, with a 
paid up capital of 11,500, afterwards increased to $1,800. G. B. Strickland 
was president, G. A. Gordon secretary, W. F. Fuller treasurer. The factory 
was completed in a few weeks, and butter-making was commenced June 6, 
1887. The value of the annual product is from 112,000 to 118,000. Ship- 
ments are principally made to the principal cities of Maine and Massachusetts. 
The superintendent, Mr S. H. Deane, is a graduate of the celebrated Turner 
factory. Present officers: F. E. Adkins, president; T. Russell, secretary; W. 
F. Fuller, treasurer; D. R. Briggs, C. P. Sanders, D. A. Pollard, members. 

The village is pleasantl}^ located in a valley, sheltered from rough winter 
winds by Bear mountain, and with its three stage routes (one to the ferry, one 
to Canton, one to Auburn), its two churches, its butter factory, and other 
industries is still a good centre of trade, from 130,000 to -$40,000 worth of 
goods being sold annually. W. F. Fuller and Mrs R. C. Bryant are the 
merchants. 

North Livermore was of importance early, and the centre of activity was 
at the "Corner." Col Jesse Stone kept a tavern and a tannery for a long time 
before 1800, and traded in a small way. He was selectman, justice, and post- 
master. In 1819 Davis Washburn, from Bangor, built a store and with J. M. 
Williams, from Taunton, condilcted trade here and at Dixfield in an extensive 



Town of Livermore. 861 



way until his death in 1832.^ Charles Barrell was for a time a partner of Mr 
Washburn at this place. The Coolidge family has been a long time prominent 
here. Jefferson and Merritt Coolidge were large merchants, but a half a 
century ago they moved away; the first to Buckfield, the latter to Bangor ; 
later they were wholesale grocers of Portland, and prominent financial men. 
William Coolidge, who was a long time in trade, moved to Canton and was 
followed as merchant by Augustus W. Coolidge, whose daughter, Hattie L., is 
now in trade. Roscoe G. Coding was in trade for a time. F. W. Coolidge is 
now a merchant. The North Livermore Cheese Factort/ was organized about 
1875, through the efforts of Sewall M. Norton, J. D. and L. B. Thompson, 
A. W. Coolidge, and others. A factory was built and has been kept in 
successful operation. S. M. Norton is president of the compan3^ P. S. Gibbs 
and C. R. Leach are directors. Charles Alden has a small saw-mill. 

With its country quietude, its Masonic society (see page 209), its two 
stores, its churches, its neat and quaint farm-houses, the little village has a 
picturesque charm to the stranger and a cordial greeting to those who call it 
home. 

Livermore Centre. — This has been quite a section for trade and manu- 
facturing. The novelty wood-turning business of F. S. Richmond, now 
operated at Livermore Falls, had its origin here. The manufacture of exten- 
sion cases, etc., of John L. Cummings was also started here, but the railroad 
facilities of the Falls drew both away from the place of their birth (see page 
589). The Livermore Centre Cheese Factory was organized by Bigelow & 
Cummings in 1873 and was of great value to the farmers until it was burned 
in 1888. Mr Cummings conducted trade for 15 years, but removed his business 
in 1890. He has built a new factory, however, in Livermore, above the bridge. 
John W. Bigelow,' Amos Beckler, Millett Cummings, John A. Hayes, and 

iHis sons, George W. C. Washburn, of Needham, Mass., and John M. Washburn, of Boston, for 25 
years treasurer of the Old Colony Railroad, were prominent men. 

-JohnBigeloio, of Worcester, Mass., came to Livermore in 1802. His sous, Andrew, John Warren, 
Joel Howard, and Leander were all good farmers. John W. was born July 15, 1807, and died February 
26, 1856. He was an intelligent man and a good citizen. John W. Bigelow, son of John W. and 
Osca (Bradford) Bigelow, was born in Livermore, January 29, 1843. His mother's father, Dr Bradford, 
was one of the early settlers and first physicians of the town, and of direct descent from Gov. Bradford 
of Plymouth. Mr Bigelow and his wife, Fannie ^I., have one daughter, Osca C. He was for 15 years 
agent and manager of the Livermore Centre Cheese Factory. The factory was burned in 1888, and 
Mr Bigelow now conducts a private cheese and butter factory, employing five persons. He has been a 
farmer since 1865, and has a farm of 300 acres, and keeps 10 horses, 30 cows and 6 yearlings, and 50 
swine. He takes interest in fine horses, and has some valuable animals, among them the brood mai'es 
Dutchess, Dawn A., Kate B., and Annie E.; the stallions, Johnosca (foaled June 31, 1889, sired by 
Reckefeller) and Norland Wilkes (foaled June 17, 1890, sired by Messenger Wilkes). He also pays 
attention to fruit growing, and in 1890 harvested 300 barrels of apples. Mr Bigelow is a Democrat and 
a Spiritualist. He was sergeant in Co. E, 32d Maine, in the Civil War. Joel Howard Bigelow was an 
intelligent and progressive farmer on a fine farm near the Norlands. He m., first, Caroline Bradford; 
second, Hannah Lunt. He has two daughters, Caroline B. (Mrs A. H. Jackson) and Ella M. The 
farm is kept in good condition, and is one of the pleasant and attractive places of the town. 



862 HisTOEY OF Androscoggin County. 

others have been interested in dairying and the factory. H. R. Norton is the 
merchant and postmaster. *S'. H. Chase has been established as a dentist for 
some years in this neighborhood, and is a worthy descendant of some of the 
earliest families. 

The northeast corner of Livermore is developing extensive business, and 
the village of Livermore Falls is crowding across the bridge into this town. 
The Umbagog Pulp Co. has this season built a large brick mill on the site of 
its old mill to produce 50 tons of pulp where it made only 30 in the old one. 
Various industries are locating, streets are being laid out, and houses built. 
About 1830, F. F. Haines had a large hemp mill in operation here for some time. 

The farmers of Livermore have a strong soil to cultivate, quite rough and 
stony in many parts, but repaying the diligent worker. Many are in inde- 
pendent circumstances. There are some fine apple orchards, mostly Baldwins. 
Among the leading farmers are Sewall M. Norton, Thomas M. Wyman, Irving 
Thompson (the largest fruit grower), Calvin R. Leach, Adna Coding, Seth D. 
Washburn, John Sanders, Martin Keith, Edward Pratt, E. C. Fuller, Nathan 
Timberlake,^ C. F. Pike, Adna Boothby, John O. Palmer,"^ Roswell Briggs, 
Dana Pollard, Samuel Nelson, William Soule, and others. 

Earl// MiliHa—War of 1S12— Civil War. — Major Thomas Fish, Josiah Wyer, Lt Samuel 
Benjamin, John Walker, Abial Turner, Elisha Fisher, Lt Samuel Foster, Major Joseph 
Mills, and perhaps others of the settlers did honorable service in the Revolution before the 
settlement of Livermore was made, and the martial spirit was soon shown by the formation 
of militia companies. The first was formed in 1800 and had David Learned for captain (he 
was later major); William Coolidge, lieutenant; Henry Sawtelle, ensign. In 1803 two 
companies were organized from this one. The one at North Livermore was commanded by 
Captain Jesse Stone, Lieut Jacob Gibbs, Ensign Thomas Chase, Jr; that at East Livermore 
by Captain Peter Haines, Lieut Robert Morison, Ensign Theodore Marstou. A company 
was soon formed in South Livermore, Captain Henry Sawtelle, Lieut James Starbird, 
Ensign Joseph Mills. A cavalry trooj) was formed in 1809, principally in Livermore, but 

^ James Timherlake came to Livermore from Raynham, Mass., early, and settled on the farm now 
owned and occupied by his son, Nathan, and grandson, Asa G. Here were born his children, and 
liere after long years, July 1, 1891, was celebrated the golden wedding of Nathan Tbnheriake and wife, 
Adelia (Millett) Timberlake, the youngest child of Zebulon P. and Deliverance (Rich) Millett, of 
Leeds. Their children are: D. T., a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1870, principal of Lancaster 
(N. H.) Academy; Lucellus E., foreman of the Morning Mail Co., Lowell, Mass.; Mrs S. G. Shurtleff; 
Luetta C; Hon. F. E. Timberlake, attorney for Franklin county; Mrs Lora Chase; Enima A.; Asa G. 

"John 0. Palmer, one of the enterprising and progressive farmers of South Livermore, is a son of 
Humphrey Palmer, of Fayette, and Charlotte (Lyford) Palmer, of East Livermore, and was born in 
Fayette. Mr Palmer married Abbie R., a daughter of Deacon John Lane, of Leeds. Of their six 
childi'en, two sons survive: Irving O., a graduate of Colby University, and at present principal of the 
high school at Warehara, Mass., and George L., who resides on the home farm. Mr Palmer is a 
Republican in his politics, and represented Livermore in the legislature in 1885 and 1889. He and his 
wife are members of the First Baptist Church. He is a member of Oriental Star Lodge, F. & A. M., 
and of Turner Grange, P. of H., and has served as chaplain in both orders. His farm is a model of 
neatness and thrift. 



Town of Livermore. 863 



with men from Turner, Jay, and Dixfleld. OflBcers: Captain Samuel Atwood,i Lieut Isaac 
Talbot (Turner), Cornet Aaron S. Barton (Dixfield). This was a crack company of the 
section for years. Amont;- the later captains were Simeon Waters, Daniel and Elisha 
Coolidge, Alpheus Kendall, Isaac and Hastings Strickland, Otis Pray, M. M. Stone, Hezekiah 
Atwood, Rufus Hewett, etc. War of 1812. — Two companies of militia served at Portland. 
They were commanded by Captain Elias Morse and Ensign Henry Aldrich, and Captain 
William Morison and Lieut Thomas Davis. The regimental officers from Livermore were 
Joshua Soule, chaplain; James Chase, adjutant; Henry Wood, quartermaster; John Briggs, 
paymaster; Cornelius Holland, surgeon. A large number from Livermore served in the 
regular army in this war. Action in the Civil War. — In the Civil War Livermore con- 
tributed her full quotas of volunteers, 94 in all, made generous provision for the families of 
her absent soldiers, and cheerfully paid all liabilities incurred on account of the war. The 
town records say : 1862. April 19, the selectmen were directed to furnish aid to the 
families of all soldiers, sailors, and marines enlisted in the U. S. service. July 31, voted to 
pay a bounty of $100 each to all volunteers mustered into the U. S. service, not exceeding 
18 in number. August 23, $20 bounty was voted to each man enlisting for nine months, 
and $80 additional per man was voted September 20. 1863. March 2, $2,000 was voted 
to pay bounty orders given during the past year. July 20, voted to pay each drafted soldier 
$7 per month for the time that he is actually in the U. S. service. November 17, "voted 
to pay all soldiers enlisted under the last call, $200; $100 when mustered into service, the 
other $100 when killed or honorably discharged," and December 5, $100 additional was 
voted, to be paid when the soldier was mustered in. 1864. September 24, voted to pay a 
bounty of $300 under the last call. December 17, voted to pay $500 to each volunteer to 
fill the quota under the next call for 500,000 men or less for three years' service. 1865. 
January 3, the selectmen were authorized to fill the quota under the last call to the best 
advantage. February 4, voted to pay Samuel F. Perley $250 for a substitute, he being the 
only citizen furnishing one. 

The First Baptist Church in Livermore was constituted August 7, 1793, 
with these members: Daniel Holman, Pelatiah Gibbs, Isaac Lovewell, Elisha 
Williams, Otis Robinson, Henry Bond, James Delano, Zebedee Delano, 
Thomas Wyman, Peter Goding, David Reed, Anna Gibbs, Hannah Robinson, 
Mary Delano, Susanna Wyman, Grace Delano, Catherine Walker. The first 
revival was in this year. Mr Zebedee Delano, while on a visit to Winthrop, 
heard a sermon preached by Elder Case ; on his return he was " filled with a 
sense of his own ways," and subsequently opened the worship of God in his 
family. Others became converted to his ways, and Elder Case and Mr Smith, 
of Fayette, aided in this revival, and Mr Smith assisted the church for a short 
time after its organization. Rev. Sylvanus Boardman and Rev. Ransom 
Norton were among those whom God called at that time to preach the Word. 
Mr Delano and Elisha Williams became ministei;s of this denomination. The 
first nine years of its life this church had no pastor, but was assisted by 
occasional preaching; but it had within itself influential and worthy members, 

iHe was boru in Digliton, Mass., settled at Brettun's Mills in 1795, later in the west part of the 
town. He was often in office. Among his children were Captain Hezekiah, Ephraira, Lorenzo, 
Samuel, and Hepzibah (m. Artemas Cole, of Buckfield). 



864 ' History of Androscoggin County. 

who labored much in word and deed for its upbuilding. Isaac Lovewell, an 
original member, was exceedingly benevolent and liberal; he sustained a 
large share in the erection of their second house of worship, and, at his death, 
left 1800 to aid the support of the gospel. The First Pastor was Rev. Sylvan us 
Boardman; he came with the Nortons from Martha's Vineyard. (His son, the 
distinguished missionary, Rev. George Dana Boardman, was born in Livermore.) 
He was ordained February 2, 1802, and, 1810, by his request, was dismissed 
from this charge. Mr Boardman was the first settled minister of the town, 
and obtained, by a vote of the town, the lands reserved for such, a boon which 
few Baptist ministers in this state ever gained. The church has also enjo3red 
a portion of the fund arising from other lands designed for the support of the 
ministry in town. Rev. John Haynes entered upon his duties in May, 1811, 
and the spiritual welfare of the church was under his successful care until 
1822. Rev. David Nutter was here for some nine or ten years from 1824; 
Rev. R. Milner, 1834; Rev. Nathan Chapman, 1836 ; Rev. Charles Miller, 1839; 
Rev. John Billings, 1844; Rev. A. B. Pendleton, 1846; Rev. David Nutter, 
1849; Rev. Lucius Bradford, 1853; Rev. William A. Durfee, 1859; Rev. E. S. 
Fish, 1861; Rev. Carleton Parker, 1871; Rev. J. R. Herrick, 1876; Rev. L. 
P. Gurney, 1881 ; Rev. W. H. S. Ventres, 1884 ; Rev. O. Richardson, 1885 ; Rev. 
G. W. Colby, 1890. Among the active members of the church in its early days 
were Deacons Ransom Norton, Sarson Chase, Pelatiah Gibbs, William Sanders, 
John Elliot, Charles Barrell, Ira Thompson, Cyrus Hamlin, Henry Bond, 
Jesse Kidder, George Chandler, James and Mayhew Chase, William Thompson, 
James Walker, and Elder Thomas Wyman. The first worshipers held their 
services in a barn; then for a time they met in a school-house; then they built 
a small meeting-house in which they worshiped until 1807, when they erected 
a new meeting-house at North Livermore. The meeting-house built in 1807 
was burned in 1847, and the present one was dedicated in 1848. In the 
summer and fall of 1871 this house was thoroughly repaired, painted, and 
carpeted, and a nice chandelier was presented to the church by Arad Thomp- 
son, of Bangor, and Erastus Thompson, of Hopkinton, Mass., son's of Deacon 
Ira Thompson, of Livermore. 

The Second Baptist Clmreh^ occupying the south part of the town, was 
organized in 1811, with 17 members. It was gathered by the instrumentality of 
Elder Ransom^ Norton, who became its pastor, and continued here many years. 
In 1819 the members built a house of worship, but it was not well located and 
never finished. In 1842 it was taken down and rebuilt about half a mile north 
of North Turner bridge. In 1843 the church membership was 35. Elders 
W. Foss and Martin Leonard supplied a portion of the time between the years 
1826 and 1838 ; Elder William Johnson in 1838 ; Elder Joseph Hutchinson in 
1840 and 1841 ; in 1842, Elder Samuel Boothby ; 1848, Levi Burnham ; 1850, 
Nathan Mayhew; 1852, R. C. Storr; 1860, E. Richardson; 1864, R. B. Andrews; 



Town of Livekmore. 865 



1868, S. S. Wyman; 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, P. Bond; 1875, S. S. 
Wyman ; 1876, 1877, A. H. Gould; 1879, 1880, S. S. Wyman. 

Methodism. — Jesse Lee preached at the house of Otis Robinson, February 
12, 1793, from Romans viii:13: "For if ye live after the flesh ye shall die." 
The next Methodist sermon was preached at Deacon Livermore's by Rev. 
Philip Wager in 1795, when a class was formed. Deacon Livermore gave it 
hearty support, and from this time there was organized Methodism here. In 
1803 Rev. Joshua Soule, then presiding elder and a resident of the town (he 
was moderator of the annual town meeting in 1812, member of school com- 
mittee in 1816, and for several years an influential citizen. He was later 
prominent in religious circles, and a bishop for many years) organized a church 
and officiated at the first quarterly meeting. This society soon became strong 
and a church building was built at the Centre. Among the early members 
were: Deacon Elijah Livermore, wife, and daughter; Samuel Hillman ; Jacob 
Haskell and wife (subsequently nearly all their children were members) ; 
Orrin Haskell (for years a prominent official); Samuel Livermore; Simeon 
Howard; Captain Baker; Nathan Soule; Col Thomas Chase, Jr; John and 
Abel Monroe ; John, Robert, and Abel Haj^es ; Nathaniel Perley and wife ; 
John Richardson and wife; Mrs Elisha Chenery was one of this early band 
and retained her fervor to an ago of more than 90 years (her son, Dr Elisha 
Chenery, was a member of the East Maine Conference); Philemon Hewitt and 
Samuel Boothby were strong adherents. Pascal P. Morrill, Francis A. and 
Nathan A. Soule also became Methodist preachers. The ministers who 
l)reached on this circuit prior to 1865 are as near as can be ascertained: Revs. 
Joshua Soule, John T. Adams, Dr Henry Adams, Samuel Hillman, Samuel 
Thompson, John Wilkinson, David Stimpson, Aaron Humphrey, Eli Howe, 
Allen H. Cobb, Joshua Randall, Charles Virgin, Philip Munger, George 
Webber, D.D., David Copeland, Abel Alton, Benjamin Burnham, Asa Greene, 
S. P. Blake, Benjamin Foster, Alvah Hatch, John True, Joseph Gerry, James 
Farrington, Daniel Dyer, E. H. Gammon, Samuel Ambrose, Daniel Water- 
house, Caleb Mugford, Joseph Hawkes, W. C. Stevens, S. W. Pierce, S. B. 
Bailey, S. S. Gray, Isaac Lord. From 1865 the pastors have been: 1866, 1867, 
Francis Grosvenor; 1868, M. B. Cummings; 1869, Jonathan Fairbanks; 1871, 
1872, Thomas Hillman; 1873, 1874, H. B. Ward well; 1875, Thomas J. True; 
1876, William H. Trafton; 1877, 1878, 1879, N. C. Clifford; 1880, Samuel R. 
Bailey; 1881, 1882, 1883, Walter Canham; 1884,1885,1886, M. K. Mabry; 
1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, C. M. Abbott; 1891, S. E. Dunham. Meetings have 
been sustained, prosperity and decline, and again prosperity, has been the con- 
dition of the society, and much good has been accomplished. The church at 
North Livermore was organized in June, 1871, with 27 members from the class 
formed here in 1857, and the former residence of Colonel Stone was purchased 
and remodelled into a convenient church. In 1877, in the pastorate of Rev. 



866 History of Androscoggin County. 

N. C. Clifford, an appropriate chapel was built at Livermore Village, and in 
1878, through the strenuous labors of the same pastor, the old church at the 
Centre was thoroughly repaired and again occupied. The three churches were 
valued in 1886 at -13,000. 

Universal ism. — During the years before and after 1800 there was preaching 
in school-houses and dwellings by ministers of this faith. Rev. Isaac Root and 
Rev. Thomas Barns labored with fruitful results. In the town records of 
October, 1807, there is a mention of the " Universal Society." In 1807, 
November 24, a society was formed ; Capt. Samuel Atwood was elected 
moderator; Dr Cornelius Holland, clerk, moderator, and collector; and it was 
voted to raise money by subscription for the support of preaching, and these 
were the subscribers: Thomas Bryant, Cornelius Holland, Isaac King, Samuel 
Beals, Ezra Parker, John Worm well, Joseph Horsley, Daniel Child, Asa Has- 
kell, Joseph Mills, Henry Sawtelle, Ephraim Griff eth, William Cooper, Hezekiah 
Bryant, Simeon Waters, Samuel Atwood, David Learned, Israel Paul, Gideon 
Southworth, John Leavitt, John Griffeth, Jr, Abel Delano, John Griffeth, 
David Morse, Isaac Hamlin, Rouse H. Leavitt, Jonathan Morse, John Turner, 
Samuel Benjamin, Jonathan Bryant, Jesse Stone. Rev. Mr Root preached a 
part of the time in 1808-9-10-11, and Rev. Mr Barns occasionally. At a parish 
meeting, March 4, 1809, Capt. Simeon Waters was chosen moderator, and Dr 
Holland, clerk and treasurer, and voted to pay Mr Root f4 a Sunday. In 
1814, voted to emplo}'^ a minister, and Abijah Monroe and David Morse were 
chosen to enofaofe one ; also voted to hold the meetings at the school-house, near 
Dr Bradford's. In 1816 Rev. Mr Sargeant preached for a short time at $5 a 
Sunday. This year a Universalist convention was held in the Baptist meeting- 
house. In 1817 Dr Benjamin Bradford, Israel Washburn, and Samuel Beals 
were committee to procure a preacher. May, 1819, Benjamin Bradford, Israel 
Washburn, and Capt. John Leavitt were chosen a standing committee, and 
Israel Washburn, Jesse Stone, Reuel Washburn, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, and 
Ephraim Pray were to make arrangements for the association which was to be 
held in June. It was also voted "that the standing committee be empowered 
to find a home for our minister."' Among the ministers who preached between 
1811 and 1819 were the Rev. Thomas Barns, Rev. Mr Butterfield, Rev. 
William Farwell, and probably Rev. B. Streeter. Between 1819 and 1827 
there was preaching, usually half of the time, by Mr Streeter, and the Revs. 
Wm A. Drew, Jabez Woodman, George Bates, Sylvanus Cobb, and others. 

In 1827 measures were taken for the building of a church, and, September 
8, a parish meeting was held; William H. Brettun was elected moderator, and 
Dr Bradford, clerk. Otis Pray, Jesse Stone, William H. Brettun, Isaac Strick- 
land, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Daniel Coolidge, and Daniel Briggs were appointed 
to fix on a suitable site for a meeting-house, estimate the expense, and ascertain 
the number that would assist in defraying it; and two weeks were allowed 



Town of Livermore. 867 



them to make their report. At the adjournment it was voted "that the most 
suitable site for the meeting-house is between the dwelling-houses of Israel 
Washburn and Otis Pray." October 6, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Abner Holman, 
Reuel Washburn, Henry Aldrich, and Simeon Waters were made a committee 
to appraise the pews. The meeting was adjourned to October 20, when a 
building committee, Henry Aldrich, Benjamin Bradford, and Otis Pray was 
appointed. The house was completed by the spring of 1829, and, June 18, 
the church at the Norlands was dedicated, the Rev. William A. Drew preaching 
the sermon from John ii:16. The house had a capacity for seating 400 
persons, was of fine proportions, and was surmounted by a graceful spire. 
The church was repaired in 1839, under the direction of Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, 
Otis Pray, and Samuel P. Holman, and, in 1850, Otis Pray, Daniel Briggs, and 
M. M. Stone were the committee "to repair the building." 

After the erection of the church its pulpit was supplied by Messrs Bates 
and Drew and Rev. Seth Stetson until 1832. Rev. Jeremiah Stoddard was 
the minister in 1832 and 1833, Rev. Jabez Woodman in 1834 and 1836, Rev. 
George Bates in 1835. Rev. George W. Quimby was settled as pastor in 1837 
and remained four years. In 1839 Rev. Mr Quimby, Israel Washburn, and 
Clarendon Waters were a committee to report a constitution and by-laws for 
the parish. Rev. Ezekiel Vose succeeded Mr (Quimby in 1840 and was pastor 
until 1843, when Rev. Robert Blacker, of Norridgevvock, was called to the 
pastorate, continued until 1850. Rev. Frederic Foster was his successor until 
1855. From 1855 until 1874 the preachers were Revs W. R. French, D. T. 
Stevens, and O. H. Johnson. In 1873 the church was thoroughly repaired. 
Changes in the line of travel, in business, and in the residence of members 
made the building of a church at the village necessary. Without any division 
or secession of members, but that better accommodations might be secured, a 
handsome church with a vestry in the basement was erected in 1869. It was 
dedicated in November, 1869, the Rev. Amory Battles, of Bangor, preaching 
the sermon. A fine-toned bell was hung in 1870, and a good organ was 
obtained by the active exertions of the ladies of the parish. Maj. Isaac 
Strickland, Col Lee Strickland, Col Silas Morse, Orison Rollins, Esq., Hiram 
Briggs, Charles Springer, William Pollard, William H. Bennett, Sumner and 
Richard Morse, Palmer Elliot, Sumner Soule, N. Turner, S. Phillips, and 
others took an active interest in the erection of this church. Since 1875 the 
society has been ministered to by Rev. William Pratt, Rev. A. J. Aubrey, Rev. 
R. B. Davis, Rev. H. C'. Munson, Rev. W. R. French, and others. 

Adventists. — A small number hold to the tenets of this faith and meetings 
are held. They have been considered a society since 1859. Rev. D. H. 
Kilbreth is a resident of the town. 

Temperance societies have been well sustained and the Good Templars 
have of late years maintained two lodges. 



8G8 History of Androscoggin County. 

Dr Cyrus Hamlin was the first physician and erected his house where " The 
Norlands " stands. He married Anna, daughter of Deacon Livermore ; she 
died August 25, 1852. He was moderator of the town meeting in 1795. 
When the people of Livermore wished him to settle among them, they could 
not promise him business enough to support him, but agreed that he and his 
horse should be taken care of gratuitously, so for one year he boarded around 
like the country schoolmaster. When the county of Oxford was established, 
Dr Hamlin was the first clerk of the court, and in 1805 removed to Paris, the 
county seat, became sheriff, and died in 1829. His children were : Hon. Elijah 
Livermore Hamlin, born in Livermore, March 29, 1800, in the house built 
by his father and afterwards purchased by Israel Washburn. He was graduated 
from Brown Universit}^ in 1819, and was a lawyer by profession ; was a repre- 
sentative and senator in the state legislature from Livermore, member of the 
executive council, state land agent, and mayor of Bangor; in 1854 he was U. S. 
commissioner under the treaty with Great Britain to define the fishing limits 
between the two countries. He was a man of fine education, and his probity 
of character and genial disposition made him universally respected and beloved. 
He died in ]>angor in 1872. Ci/rtis, born 1802, graduated as M.D. from 
Bowdoin in 1828, settled at Calais, and died in 1839. Eliza. Anna, born 
1805, married Hon. Daniel Brown, of Waterford. Vesta, born 1808, married 
Dr Job Holmes, of Calais. Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, LL.D., was born in Paris, 
August 27, 1809, and died July 4, 1891, at Bangor. He located in Hampden 
as a lawyer, but later removed to Bangor. He was one of Maine's most 
distinguished and honored sons. He was representative to the legislature in 
1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, and 1847; speaker of the house in 1837, 1839, 
and 1840; aid-de-camp to Governor John Fairfield in 1839; representative to 
the 28th and 29th Congresses in 1843 to 1847; U. S. senator 1848 to 1856; 
governor in 1857; U. S. senator in 1857 to 1861; Vice-President of the United 
States 1861 to 1865; collector of the port of Boston in 1865 and 1866; U. S. 
senator in 1869 to 1881; minister to Spain in 1881, resigned in 1883, and 
returned to Bangor. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Colby 
University in 1869. Hannah, married Dr T. B. Townsend. 

Dr Cornelius Holland practiced here a few years after 1805. He after- 
wards settled at Canton. He was a fine physician and prominent in affairs of 
state and nation. He was state senator from Oxford county two terms, and 
thrice elected representive to the U. S. Congress. He died in Canton, June 2, 
1870, aged nearly 87 years. Dr Benjamin Preseott succeeded Dr Hamlin. He 
was the first postmaster. He remained until 1809, when he sold his house to 
Dr Benjamin Bradford, a native of Turner, who moved to Livermore in 
August of that year, and was a resident until his death in May, 1864, aged 80 
years. As a physician he was careful and judicious, and had a large and 
successful practice ; as a man he was genial, wise, and of rare humor ; as a 



Town of Livermore. 869 



citizen, useful and honored. He was the second postmaster, and treasurer of 
town over half a century. He was for several years a member of the Maine 
legislature from Livermore,and in 1841 was a member of the executive council, 
and was much esteemed by Governors Lincoln and Kent. He was notable for 
his good sense and remarkable conversational powers, and was the centre of 
the social circle. He married Martha Bisbee, who died in 18G3. Of his 13 
children these survived iiim : Flora (Mrs Merritt Coolidge) ; Osca (Mrs John 
W. Bigelow, of Livermore ; Celia, Mrs Elisha Coolidge; Henry ^ow(7, farmer, 
who resided on the old place, and was town treasurer many years ; Martha^ 
Mrs Joseph Locke ; AI{/ernon Sidney, a farmer in Minnesota. 

Physicians. — Dr Timothy Hoive came about 1814, and afterwards moved to 
Turner, where he was prominent. His son, Timothy 0. Howe, was born in Liver- 
more, February 24, 1816, passing his childhood in Turner. He was educated 
to the bar and emigrated to Wisconsin after 1845, and settled at Green Bay, 
where he practiced law with success, and was judge of the circuit and supreme 
courts five years. From 1861 to 1879 he was U. S. senator from Wisconsin. 
Soon after this he was appointed one of the IT. S. commissioners to the Inter- 
national Monetary Congress at Paris by President Garfield, and in December, 
1881, he was made postmaster-general by President Arthur, where he did most 
excellent work until his death, March 25, 1883. He was an active Republican 
and a leader in all public matters in his state. Dr S. B. Morison was in 
practice at the village for several years and surgeon in the 2d Me. Drs 
Barnard, William Brown, Albert L. Frye, J. W. Bridgham, John Ladd, and 
I. G. Bunham have been physicians in the town. Dr Ladd died in April, 1888; 
he had practiced medicine 30 years. Br Adams was here for a few years. Br 
Eli Edgecoynh, son of Benjamin and Sally Edgecomb, was born in Livermore, 
in August, 1811, receiving his medical degree at Bowdoin College, May 9, 
1841. After years of practice he located at Livermore in 1883. He was a 
member of Maine Medical and Androscoggin Medical Associations, and has 
been president and secretary of the latter. He died in October, 1891. 

Lawyers. — The earliest lawyers were Strong, Jonathan G. Hunton, 

Ezra Kingman, Asa King, Harry Wood, and Richard Belcher, but their stay 
here was but for a few years. For Reuel Washburn (see page 315). For 
Seth D. Washburn (see page 329). Barzillai Streeter was here for a short time 
before 1840. 

Education. — Livermore people from the first were interested in knowledge. 
The best works of standard authors passed from hand to hand. Deacon 
Elijah Livermore, General Learned, Artemas Leonard, Dr Cyrus Hamlin, Dr 
Bradford, and Israel Washburn were good talkers, and often the old store or 
office of the public house would be packed with people, as quiet as if at a 
lecture, to hear them talk of the books they had read, the subjects treated of, 
their ideas upon them, the merits of the authors, the news in the Boston and 



870 History of Androscoggin County. 

Portland papers, which came to two or three. Goldsmith's public house of 
"The Deserted Village" well illustrates these occasions. And if they did 
discuss "news older than their ale," it was news to the listeners and not lost 
upon them. As soon as circumstances admitted a "Social Library" was 
provided, in which valuable works of history and travel filled the larger space. 
This was kept at Dr Bradford's, and the choice selection in his private librar}^ 
was at the service of the people. At the first town meeting £40 was voted 
for the support of schools, and Elisha Williams, Samuel Benjamin, and Ransom 
Norton were chosen a committee to divide the town into school districts. In 
1796 a committee was appointed to take the number of scholars in each district. 
In 1801 the inhabitants voted to raise 1900 to build school-houses, that the 
school-houses in each district be built " not less than 20 feet by 20 and 8 feet 
stud with a hipped roof with 6 foot Ridgepole." One built early in the 
century was described as "an old-fashioned square building with a hipped 
roof, and unpainted. There were two enormous fire-places, where wood, which 
cost nothing then but the hauling, was burned at the rate of about a cord a 
day." Ma}^ 9, 1803, Elijah Livermore, Cyrus Hamlin, and Nathaniel Perley 
were chosen to petition the General Court to sell the school lands. In 1807 
the town gave the trustees of the school fund the control of the interest to 
expend for a school the present year. In 1810 it was voted to divide the 
school money according to the number of scholars in each district under 21 
years of age. The teachers were well qualified, did good work The spelling 
and speaking schools and debating clubs of that day were of more benefit to 
the scholars than the base-ball, tennis, and gymnastics of this enlightened age. 
At the present time there are 17 school districts, and a Union district (with 

Jay)- 

Livermore, especially that portion in the vicinity of the Norlands, 
attracted attention at an early day from its favorable situation and exquisite 
beauty of landscape. Gen. David Learned and Dr Cyrus Hamlin settled here 
and built capacious residences in the last century. Both were prominent and 
influential men, and on the organization of Oxford county Gen. Learned was 
appointed sheriff, and Dr Hamlin clerk of the courts. As Dr Hamlin's 
appointment necessitated his removal to the county seat (Paris), his Livermore 
home became the property of Israel Washburn in 1809, and in the house built 
by the doctor all Mr Washburn's children were born. Hon. Elijah Livermore 
Hamlin, long prominent in Maine politics, son of Dr Hamlin, was here born. 
(Hon. Hannibal Hamlin was born a few months after Dr Hamlin moved to 
Paris.) At the Norlands and in its immediate neighborhood many prominent 
men have resided. Among them were Dr Cornelius Holland, the successor of 
Dr Hamlin as a physician, who later lived in Canton, and was four years 
member of Congress; Hon. Jonathan G. Hunton, afterwards governor of 
Maine; Dr Benjamin Bradford, member of the executive council; Simeon 



Town of Livermore. 871 



Waters and Israel Washburn, Sen., many times members of the General Court 
of Massachusetts; Dr Benjamin Prescott, a distinguished physician; Gen. 
Publius R. R. Pray, who became judge of the High Court of Errors and 
Appeals in Mississippi; and other notabilities. 

WaMiini 3Iemorial Library, erected at the Norlands in honor of their 
father and mother by Hon. Elihu B. Washburn and Gen. W. D. Washburn, 
was dedicated August 27, 1884. It is 32x48 feet in size, built of Hallowell 
granite in the Gothic architecture, is beautifully frescoed inside, and is 
admirably adapted to its purpose; cost *|10,000, and has alcoves for 7,000 
volumes. The library of 5,000 volumes is free to the people of the territory 
of the original town of Livermore. W. P. Washburn, Esq., is librarian. A 
gallery of portraits of prominent citizens and early settlers is connected. vVt 
the time of the dedication the portraits of these people were on the walls: 
Israel Washburn, Sen., Mrs Israel Washburn, ex-Governor Israel Washburn, 
Jr, A. S. Washburn, ex-Governor C. C. Washburn, Gen. W. D. Washburn, 
Hon. Reuel Washburn, Dr Benjamin Bradford, Capt. Otis Pray, Hon. Cornelius 
Holland, David Benjamin, Mrs David Benjamin, Samuel Morison, Mrs Samuel 
Morison, Dr Cyrus Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal Hamlin. Many articles of great 
historical value are here preserved. Among them are the saddle and spurs 
used by Gen. U. S. Grant during the Civil War, and the inkstand used by 
Generals Grant and Lee when signing the terms of Lee's capitulation. They 
were given to Hon. Elihu B. Washburn by General Grant. 

Civil List. — 1795 — Samuel Hillman, clerk; David Learned, Sylvanus Boardman, Pelatiah Gibbs, 
selectmen. 179(> — Samuel Ilillman, clerk; David Learned, Sylvanus Boardman, Thomas Chace, 
selectmen. 1797 — Cyrus Hamlin, clerk; David Learned, Hanes Learned, Isaac Livermore, selectmen. 
1798 — Cyrus Hamlin, clerk; Isaac Livermore, Abijah Muuroe, Daniel Clark, selectmen. 1799 — Elislia 
Williams, clerk; Uenjamin True, David Learned, Abijah Munroe, selectmen. 1800— David Learned, 
clerk; Abijah Munroe, Nathaniel Perley, Pelatiah Gibbs, Peter Hanes, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1801 — 
David Learned, clerk; Sylvanus Boardman, Nathaniel Perley, Pelatiah Gibbs, Samuel Benjamin, 
Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1802 — David Learned, clerk; Pelatiah Gibbs, James Starbird, Nathaniel 
Perley, Samuel Benjamin, Jesse Stone, selectmen. 1803— Nathaniel Perley, clerk; David Learned, 
Jesse Stone, Samuel Benjamin, selectmen. 1804 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Nathaniel 
Perley, Samuel Benjamin, selectmen. 1805 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Nathaniel Perley, 
Simeon Waters, selectmen. 180G — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Simeon Waters, Nathaniel 
Perley, selectmen. 1807 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Simeon Waters, Nathaniel Perley, Jacob Gibbs, 
selectmen. 1808 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Jesse Stone, Peter Hanes, selectmen. 1809 — 
Simeon Waters, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Peter Hanes, Thomas Chase, Jr, selectmen. 1810 — Simeon 
Waters, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Jesse Stone, William Morison, selectmen. 1811 — Thomas CJhase, 
Jr, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, William ^Morison, Samuel Livermore, selectmen. 1812 — Thomas Chase, 
Jr, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Samuel Livermore, William Morison, selectmen. 1813 — Israel Wash- 
burn, clerk; Samuel Livermore, William Morison, Samuel Atwood, selectmen. 1814-1815 — Israel 
Washburn, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Ebenezer Turner, Samuel Atwood, selectmen. 1816 — Israel 
Washburn, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Ebenezer Turner, Ira Thompson, selectmen. 1817 — Simeon 
Waters, clerk; Jesse Stone, Peter Haines, Israel Washburn, selectmen. 1818 — Simeon Waters, clerk; 
Israel Washburn, Aaron Barton, Zebulon Norton, selectmen. 1819 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Israel 
Washburn, Amos Hobbs, Zebulon Norton, selectmen. 1820-1821 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon 
Norton, Amos Hobbs, Josiah Hobbs, selectmen. 1822-1823 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon Norton, 
Amos Hobbs, John Leavitt, selectmen. 1824 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon Norton, John S. Stone, 
John Leavitt, selectmen. 1825-1826 — Thomas Chase, Jr, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Josiah Cutler, John 



872 History of Androscoggin County. 



Leavitt, selectmen. 1827-1828 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zetulon Norton, Ephraim Pray, John Leavitt, 
selectmen. 182!) — George Bates, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, select- 
men. 1830 — Reuel Washburn, clerk; John Leavitt, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, selectmen. 
1831 — Reuel "Washburn, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, John Strickland, selectmen. 1832 — 
James Chase, clerk: Zebulon Norton, Ebenezer Turner, John Strickland, selectmen. 1833 — Tristram 
Hilhnan, clerk; John Leavitt, Samuel INlorison, John Strickland, selectmen. 1834— Tristram 
Hillman, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, John Strickland, selectmen. 1835 — Tristram Hillman, 
clerk; Zebulon Norton, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, selectmen. 1836 — Tristram Hillman, 
clerk; Zebulon Norton, Aaron Barton, Jr, John Strickland, selectmen. 1837-1838-1839 — Tristram 
Hillman, clerk; John Strickland, Aaron Barton, Jr, Hezekiah Atwood, selectmen. 1840-1841-1842- 
lji43 — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Aaron Barton, Jr, Isaac Strickland, selectmen. 
1844. — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Josiah Hobbs, selectmen. 1845 — 
Tristram Hillman, derk; Hezekiah Atwood, Josiah Hobbs, Sylvester Norton, selectmen. 1846 — 
Robert Blacker, clerk; Isaac Strickland, Matthew M. Stone, Ulmer Perley, selectmen. (Hezekiah 
Atwood was chosen April 27, to fill the vacancy occasioned by Mr Strickland's moving into Turner.) 
1847-1848 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, John Strickland, Sylvester Norton, selectmen. 
1849-1850 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; John Strickland, Sylvester Norton, Stephen Leavitt, selectmen. 
1851 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; Sylvester Norton, Stephen Leavitt, Daniel Briggs, selectmen. 1852 — 
John Munroe, Jr, clerk; John Strickland, Daniel Briggs, Granville Childs, selectmen. 1853 — John 
Munroe, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Tristram Hillman, selectmen. 1854 — Salathiel 
Tilton, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Tristram Hillman, selectmen. 1855 — Charles W. 
Fuller, clerk; Tristram Hillman, John Munroe, Jr, Clarendon Waters, selectmen. 1856-1857 — 
Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Isaac Strickland, Clarendon Waters, Stephen Leavitt, selectmen. 1858-1859 — 
Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Tristram Hillman, Sewall M. Norton, Cyrus Soper, selectmen. 1860— Salathiel 
Tilton, clerk; Tristram Hillman, Cyrus Soper, Franklin Gibbs, selectmen. 1861 — Salathiel Tilton, 
clerk; Tristram Hillman, Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thompson, selectmen. 1862 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; 
Lee Strickland, Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thompson, selectmen. 1863 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Cyrus Soper, 
Orison Rollins, J. B. Goding, selectmen. 1864-1865 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Orison Rollins, A. C. 
Harlow, John White, selectmen. 1866-1867 — S. F. Perley, clerk; T. Hillman, Cyrus Soper, Sumner 
Soule, selectmen. 1868 — S. F. Perley, clerk; T. Hillman, Clarendon Waters, John A. Hayes, select- 
men. 1869— S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, John A. Hayes, Lewis M. Wing, selectmen. 1870 — 
S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, Henry Bradford, Lewis M. Wing, selectmen. 1871 — S. F. Perley, 
clerk; Cyrus Soper, John A. Hayes, G. B. Strickland, selectmen. 1872 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus 
Soper, J. A. Hayes, C. W. Fuller, selectmen. 1873 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Orison Rollins, G. B. Strick- 
land, William H. Thompson, selectmen. 1874-1875-1876 — S. F. Perley, clerk; C. W. Fuller, William 
II. Thompson, A. H. Strickland, selectmen. 1877 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thomi^sou, 
E. L. Philoon, selectmen. 1878-1879— S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, George T. Piper, Millett 
Cummings, selectmen. 1880— S. F. Perley, clerk; G. B. Strickland, E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, 
selectmen. 1881 — S. F. Perley, clerk; E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, L. B. Thompson, selectmen. 
1882 — G. B. Strickland, clerk; E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, L. B. Thompson, selectmen. 1883 — G. 

B. Strickland, clerk; J. N. Atwood, W. H. Thompson, Sidney Boothby, selectmen. 1884 — G. B. 
Strickland, clerk; G. B. Strickland, W. F. Fuller, Millett Cummings, selectmen. 1885-1886 — C. E. 
Knight, clerk; G. T. Piper, Charles Pike, I. T. Munroe, selectmen. 1887 — William N. Bennett, clerk; 
G. T. Piper, Charles Pike, I. T. Munroe, selectmen. 1888 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; I. T. Munroe, A. G. 
Timberlake, E. Pratt, selectmen. 1889 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; William Pratt, William Thompson, 
Calvin R. Leach, selectmen. 1890-1891 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; Edward Pratt, William H. Thompson, 

C. R. Leach, selectmen. 



Appendix. 873 



APPENDIX. 



KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

By Benjamin Tappan Chase, 
Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Kepresentative. 

THIS order was founded in Washington, D. C, February 19, 1864. The 
founder of the order was Justus Henry Rathbone, born in Deerfield, 
N. Y., October 29, 1839; died at Lima, Ohio, December 9, 1889. This 
flourishing and rapidly increasing beneficial order was founded and based on 
the ancient story of Damon and Pythias; its tenets and objects are, and 
always will be, friendship, charity, and benevolence, in the truest, highest, and 
noblest sense. March 15, 1871, the first Knights of Pythias lodge in the state 
of Maine — Mavoshen,No. 1, — was instituted at Biddeford, through the instru- 
mentality of Richmond H. IngersoU of that city, soon after appointed Deputy 
Grand Chancellor for Maine, by Supreme Chancellor Samuel Read. 

Through the persistent efforts of John Francis Hamlet (superintendent of 
Lewiston Mills), Lysander Cooper (an overseer in the Lewiston Mills), and 
John Franklin Berry (an overseer in the Androscoggin Mills), who were 
members of the order, the second lodge in the state and the first in Andros- 
coggin county was instituted at Lewiston, May 5, 1871, by Grand Chancellor 
Stillman S. Davis, of Nashua, N. H. (afterwards Supreme Chancellor), assisted 
by Deputy Grand Chancellor Richmond H. IngersoU, of Biddeford, Me. This 
lodge was named and chartered Iiuha^fr//^ No. iF, of Lewiston. For over eight 
years the members of Industry Lodge carried the Pythian banner and practiced 
Pythian principles in Androscoggin county, alone and single handed, with no 
sister lodge to assist them, for the second lodge in the county (Enterprise., 
No. 22, of Auburn,) was not instituted until December 11, 1879. Pythian 
tenets and teachings, however, were becoming better known, and notwith- 
standing the existence of older beneficial organizations in different sections of 
the county, the excellent work of Industry Lodge and the Pythian enthusiasm 
of the members of Enterprise Lodge began to be felt and appreciated and new 
interest was awakened, culminating two months later (February 19, 1880,) in 
the institution of Mount David Lodge., No. 23, of Lewiston. Since then the 
Pythian growth in Androscoggin county has been conservative and most 
gratifying to the followers of and believers in Pythianism, six additional 
lodges having been instituted, as follows: February 18, 1881, Cohimhia, No. 26, 
at Lisbon Falls; February 26, 1884, Eureka, No. 48, at Auburn; December 18, 
1885, St Elmo, No. 65, at Mechanic Falls; April 5, 1888, Port Royal, No. 62, 



874 History of Androscoggin County. 

at Livermore Falls; March 13, 1891, Major Leavift, No. 74, at North Turner; 
May 11, 1891, Netv Auhurn, No. 75., at Auburn. July 1, 1891, these nine 
lodges had an aggregate membership of 948, and cash assets of 110,380.71, and 
owned other property of the value of •15,853.30. From May 5, 1871, when 
Industry Lodge, No. 2, was instituted, up to July 1, 1891, the Knights of 
Pythias lodges in Androscoggin county had paid out for sick and funeral 
benefits f 17,205. 32. The following is a brief roster and history of these nine 
Pythian lodges, in the order of their institution: — 

Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston; instituted May 5, 1871, in Grand Army 
Hall, corner of Lisbon and Pine streets, by Grand Chancellor Stillman S. 
Davis, of Nashua, N. H. (afterward Supreme Chancellor), assisted by Deputy 
Grand Chancellor Richmond H. Ingersoll, of Biddeford (who, July 9, 1872, 
was elected the first Grand Chancellor of Maine). This was the first Knights 
of Pythias lodge in Androscoggin county and its organization was due to the 
influence and work of John Francis Hamlet, Lysander Cooper, and John 
Franklin Berry, all members of Industry Lodge, No. 72, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
(which surrendered its charter in June, 1880). Becoming residents of Lewis- 
ton, believing in Pythian principles and desiring a Pythian lodge which they 
could attend, Messrs Hamlet, Cooper, and Berry withdrew from Industry 
Lodge, No. 72, November 14, 1870, and the following May succeeded in 
starting a new lodge in Lewiston, a large proportion of the charter members 
being emplo3^es in the Lewiston and Androscoggin Mills. This new lodge was 
named Industry, in honor of the mother lodge of Messrs Hamlet, Cooper, and 
Berry. The lodge continued to meet in Grand Army Hall, corner of Lisbon 
and Pine streets, until August 1, 1871, — the date of its last meeting in that 
hall. Having leased for a term of years the hall and anterooms in the third 
story of Union Block on Lisbon street and properly fitted and furnished them, 
tlie lodge moved into and held its first meeting in its new quarters, which they 
named Pythian Hall, August 8, 1871. They occupied and held their meetings 
in this hall until February 1, 1882, when they moved into their new Pythian 
Hall in College Block, on Lisbon street, which Industry and Mount David 
Lodges had jointly leased for a term of five years from February 1, 1882. 
Industr}^ Lodge held its first meeting in this new hall, which had been finely 
fitted and furnished by the two lodges, on February 7, 1882, and has continued, 
up to the present time, to meet on Tuesday evening of each week, in this 
Pythian Hall, which is one of the best in the state. 

Charter Members : Miles Avery, Albert A. Barker, Horace C. Beal, John F. Berry, Chellis 
O. Collins, Lysander Cooper, Menander Dennett, George Flye, John G. Hamilton, John G. Hamlet, 
John Holt, Barnum Jones, Charles M. Jones, Gideon P. Lowell, George W. Maxfield, Freeman H. 
Merrill, Henry Morrill, Alfred J. Morse, Forrest Nelson, Frank S. Peabody, Alden D. Peasley; James 
H. Peasley, Francis R. Perkins, John Porter, Timothy B. Rowell, John Y. Scruton, Nathaniel E. 
Skelton, Hiram Snow, Palmer O. Spinney, Andrew J. Stackpole, Daniel M. Stearns, Fernando C. 
Tarr, Justus S. Wheeler. First Officers: Venerable Patriarch, Timothy B. Rowell; Worthy Chan- 
cellor, John F. Hamlet; Vice Chancellor, Lysander Cooper; Recording Scribe, Menander Dennett; 



Appendix. 875 

Financial Scribe, George W. Maxfield; Banker, Alfred J. Morse; Guide, Charles Jones; Inner Steward, 
Alson Lothrop; Outer Steward, Chellis O. Collins. At the session of the Supreme Lodge held at 
Baltimore, Md, in April, 187'2, the names and titles of the officers of a subordinate lodge were changed, 
as follows: Venerable Patriarch to Past Chancellor; Worthy Chancellor to Cliancellor Commander; 
Vice Chancellor to remain the same; Prelate, a new officer to perform the duties formerly prescribed 
for the office of Venerable I'atriarch; Recording Scribe to Keeper of Records and Seal; Financial Scribe 
to Master of Finance; Banker to Master of Exchequer; Guide to Master at Arms; Inner Steward to 
Inner Guard; Outer Steward to Outer Guard. Officers of the Grand Lodge. — From the Past Chan- 
cellors of Industry Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand Lodge of Maine: 
Nicholas R. Lougee, who was the first Grand Banker (now known as Grand Master of Exchequer) of 
the Grand Lodge and who was elected a Past Grand Chancellor at the session of 1874; Joseph J. Davis, 
who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1875; Charles Donovan, who was elected Grand 
Inner Guard at the session of 1875, and Grand Prelate at the session of 1876, but who is not now a 
member of the lodge; William F. Garcelon, who was elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 1880, 
and who died at Riverside, Cal., March 9, 1884; Emery Bailey, who was elected Grand Prelate at the 
session of 1888. Permanent Members of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 
1891,) Industry Lodge has two permanent members of the Grand Lodge, viz.: Past Grand Chancellor 
Nicholas R. Lougee and Past Grand Prelate Emery Bailey; and has on its rolls the following Past 
Chancellors: Calvin M. Bane, Horace C. Beal, Samuel Black, John 1). Bubier, Levi T. Butler, George 
W. Cappers, Leroy H. Chipman, Nathan K. Cobb, Frank A. Conant, Joseph J. Davis, John A. Dilling- 
ham, Hiram F. Dolbier, William W. Drake, George Ehrenfried, Samuel H. Foster, A. Lincoln French, 
Edwin A. Flinn, Albert H. Given, Lewis E. Heckler, William F. Kidder, Henry W. Longley, Scott 
Maxwell, Freeman H. Merrill, Edgar McAllister, George W. Meserve, James S. Morgan, Charles H. 
Perkins, Noel B. Potter, William Pulverman, Osgood Ramsdell, Abel A. Shorey, James T. Small, 
Charles H. Smith, Napoleon B. Stockbridge, Fernando C. Tarr, Ethan S. Tillson, Edgar W. Wash- 
burn, Stephen H. West. Grand Representatives in order of service: Francis R. Perkins, Nicholas R. 
Lougee, Joseph J. Davis, Charles H. Perkins, Charles Donovan, William F. (Jarcelon, Ethan S. 
Tillson, Charles H. Smith, Fernando C. Tarr, Emery Bailey, Hiram F. Dolbier, Nathan H. Cobb, 
Horace C. Beal, James T. Small, George W. Cappers, Stephen H. West, Napoleon B. Stockbridge, 
Edgar W. Washburn, A. Lincoln French, Noel B. Potter. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Lewis E. 
Heckler; C. C, William F. Coombs; V. C, Wallace W. Buck; P., Lynn W. Buck; K. of R. and S., 
Noel B. Potter; M. of F., Hiram F. Dolbier; M. of E., Henry T. Haskell, M. at A., Daniel C. Lown; 
I. G., Lewis E. Davis; O. G., Adelbert Tarbox. 

Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn ; instituted December 11, 1879, in Pythian 
Hall, in Union Block, on Lisbon street, Lewiston, by Grand Chancellor Charles 
M. Moses, of Biddeford, assisted by Past Grand Chancellors Richmond H. 
Ingersoll, of Biddeford, and Benjamin T. Chase, then of Bridgton. It was a 
new enterprise to start a Knights of Pythias lodge in Auburn, a city full of 
business enterprise, and when instituted Enterprise was adopted as the most 
appropriate name. The lodge met in Pythian Hall, Lewiston, until March 3, 
1880, when they held their first meeting in Odd Fellows Hall, in Goff Block, 
in Auburn, which hall the}' had hired for one night a week; this was their 
Pythian home until the latter part of 1880, when the entire third floor of 
Y. M. C. A. Block, on Court street, was leased for a term of years, and having 
been nicely fitted and furnished, the lodge held its first meeting in its new hall 
on December 8, 1880, where it has continued to meet on Wednesday evening 
of each week. 

Charter Members: Benjamin K. Barrows, William W. Beal, Granville Blake, Joseph W. 
Bryant, William H. Curtis, James C. Drew, Alberto H. Gee, Nathan W. Harris, Roscoe M. Jordan, 
James H. Knight, Alvah Leighton, Andrew M. Peables, Royal H. Pettengill, Frederick H. L. Sleeper, 
Seth C. Yeaton. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Seth C. Yeaton; C. C, Nathan W. Harris; V. C, James 
C. Drew; P., Roscoe M. Jordan; K. of R. and S., William H. Curtis; M. of F., Alvah Leighton; M. 
of E., Granville Blake; M. at A., Joseph W. Bryant; I. G., William W. Beal; O. G., James H. Knight. 



876 History of Androscoggin County. 

Officer of the Gi-and Lodge. — From the Past Chancellors of Enterprise Lodge has been elected one 
officer of the Grand Lodge, viz., Granville Blake, who was elected Grand Vice Chancellor at the session 
of 1887. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) 
Enterprise Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz., Past Grand Vice Chancellor 
Granville Blake; and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: R. Frank Bickford, Lionel O. 
Brackett, Joseph VV. Bryant, West M. Dunn, Arthur W. Emerson, William W. (toss, Daniel Guthrie, 
Nathan W. Harris, Albion C. Hayford, George G. Heath, James H. Knight, Wallace Mitchell, Fred C. 
Mower, Frank O. Norris, Alton O'Brion, Charles B. Payson, Andrew M. Peables, Royal H. Pettengill, 
George B. Smith, Rotheus W. Taylor, Clark M. Verrill, Horace A. Verrill, Herbert E. Willis, William 
E. Yeaton, Julius E. Young. Grand Representatives, in order of service: Roscoe M. Jordan, Andrew 
M. Peables, James C. Drew, Seth C. Yeaton, Granville Blake, R. Frank Bickford, Horace A. Verrill, 
Rotheus "W. Taylor, George G. Heath, Wallace Mitchell, George B. Smith, Julius E. Young, Alton 
O'Brion, Clark M. Verrill. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, William W. Goss; C. C, Lemuel E. Bente; 
V. C, Charles L. McKenney; P., Paine Haskell; K. of R. and S., Cyrus M. Dunn; M. of F., Everett 
G. Locke; M. of E., Eugene H. Hodgkin; M. at A., Frank E. Donnell; I. G., George H. Maxwell; 

0. G., Lincoln A. Lewis. 

Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston; instituted February 10, 1880, in 
Pythian Hall, in Union Block, on Lisbon street, by Past Grand Chancellor 
Benjamin T.Chase, then of Bridgton, as acting Grand Chancellor. This lodge 
was named for that elevation in the city of Lewiston known as "Uncle David's 
Mountain." The lodge continued to meet in Pythian Hall, in LTnion Block, 
until February 1, 1882, when they moved into the new Pj^thian Hall in College 
Block. Mount David Lodge held its first meeting in this new hall on February 
2, 1882, where it still meets on Thursday evening of each week. 

Charter Members: John W. Bibber, William C. Brooks, Frank T. Farrin, Isaac S. Faunce, 
Harvey S. Garcelon, Josiah F. Getchell, William G. Haskell, Preston S. Laughton, Isaiah Merrill, 
Israel B. Merrill, John Sabin, Burleigh C. Sprague, Charles W. Tliomas, Edward Webb, Francis P. 
Weymouth, ITred H. White, James W. Wilson, George C. Young. First Officers: Sitting P. C, John 
W. Bibber; C. C, Preston S. Laughton; V. C, John Sabin; P., Harvey S. Garcelon; K. of R. and S., 
Charles W. Thomas; M. of F., George C. Young; M. of E.. James W. Wilson; M. at A., Isaac S. 
Faunce; I. G., Edward Webb; O. G., Isaiah Merrill. Officers of the Grand Lodge. — From the Past 
Chancellors of Mount David Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand Lodge: Jolin 
Sabin, elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1881; Preston S. Laughton, elected Grand Prelate at the 
session of 1882, and who died at Lewiston, September 23, 1890. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge 
and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Mount David Lodge has one permanent member of 
the Grand Lodge, viz.. Past Grand Prelate John Sabin; and has on its rolls the following Past Chan- 
cellors: Edward I. Brackett, Albert W. Chase, Harry A. Coffin, Frank E. Crane, Albion K. P. Harvey, 
D. Horace Holman, William H. Holman, Robie C. Haskell, Charles A. Hildreth, Isaac B. Isaacson, 
Samuel P. Irving, Charles D. Lemont, Henry Sabine, Fred E. Smith, David S. Waite, Edward Webb. 
Grand Representatives in order of service: Burleigh C. Sprague, John W. Bibber, Preston S. Laughton, 
Harvey S. Garcelon, Edward Webb, D. Horace Holman, Henry Sabine, Charles D. Lemont, Edward I. 
Brackett, Fred A. Hall, Samuel P. Irving, Fred E. Smith. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Albion K. 
P. Harvey; C. C, Elmer C. Teague; V. C, Howard A. Teague; P., Edward E. Grant; K. of R. and S., 
Fred E. Smith; M. of F., George H. Little; M. of E., Fred A. Hall; M. at A., George M. Kavanaugh; 

1. G., Albert E. Foss; O. G., Coney W. Morse. 

Columbia, No. 26, of Lisbon Falls, instituted February 18, 1881, in Maine 
Central Hall, by Grand Chancellor William F. Garcelon, of Lewiston, assisted 
by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T, Chase, then of Bridgton. Named 
Columbia, in honor of the discoverer of America. 

Charter Members: Ausbon Booker, Charles M. Bowie, Hilliard D. Bowie, David Dearnley, 
Stewart D. Douglass, Stephen A. Estes, Harris Ginsburg, Irving T. Ham, Vincent A. Hogan, Abraham 
H. Hoyle, James Hoyle, Fred C. Johnson, Sumner F. Littlefield, Stephen C. Metcalf, Charles H. Reid, 
John C. Scates, Fred A. Small, Harvey J. Smith, Lorenzo E. Wade, George F. Webber. First Officers: 



Appendix. 877 

Sitting P. C, Abraham H. Hoyle; C. C, George F.Webber; V. C, Ausbon Booker; P., James Hoyle; 
K. of R. and S., John C. Scates; M. of F., Lorenzo E. Wade; M. of E., Charles M. Bowie; M. at A.» 
Charles H. Reid; I. G., Fred A. Small; O. G., Stewart D. Douglass. Officers of the Grand Lodge.— 
From the Past Chancellors of Columbia Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand 
Lodge: George N. Pratt, who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1890; Charles F. 
Hackett, who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1891. Past Chancellors. —At this date 
(July 1, 1891,) Columbia Lodge has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Ausbon Booker, David 
Dearnley, Isaac H. Douglass, Stephen A. Estes, Boothroyd Fearnley, Henry Frow, Elmer E. Gordon, 
Charles F. Hackett, Vincent A. Hogan, James J. lUingsworth, Thomas Illingsworth, Fred C. Johnson, 
Sumner F. Littlefield, George H. Mclntoch, George N. Pratt, Charles H. Reid, Charles Schofleld, John 
Taylor, Sumner C. Winslow. Grand Representatives in order of service: Abraham H. Hoyle, Fred C. 
Johnson, William A. Lewis, Sumner F. Littlefleld, Charles H. Reid, Charles Schofleld, Charles F. 
Hackett, James J. Illingsworth, Ausbon Booker, David Dearnley, Sumner C. Winslow. Present 
Officers: Sitting P. C, George H. Mclntoch; C. C, Irving L. Mclntoch; V. C, Harris Ginsburg; P., 
Walter Corliss; K. of R. and S., Boothroyd Fearnley, M. of F., Henry Frow; M. of E., David Dearnley; 
M. at A., Elmer E. White; I. G., William D. Hall; O. G., Howard N. Chase. 

Eureka, No. 48, of Auburn; instituted February 26, 1884, in Pythian 
Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, on Court street, by Grand Keeper of Records and 
Seal Joseph F. Chute, of Portland, as Acting Grand Chancellor, assisted by 
members of Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston, Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, and 
Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston. History informs us that when the ancient 
and celebrated mathematician, Archimedes, discovered the principle of specific 
gravity that he ran home, exclaiming, "Eureka! Eureka!" "I have found it. 
I have found it." This lodge takes its name from that Archimedean exclama- 
tion. The lodge has continued, up to the present time, to meet in Pythian 
Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, on Friday evening of each week. 

Charter Members: Walter H. Brown, George W. Chase, George H. Cobb, Alonzo Conant, 
Fred L. Conant, Henry F. Conant, Frank W. Davis, Samuel H. Dill, E. Willis Foss, Anson Oilman, 
Charles A. Oilman, Edwin F. Goss, Clifford Hutchinson, Charles A. Jordan, Charles M. Lander, 
Addison A. Miller, Frank E. Millett, Nathaniel M. Neal, James W. Peables, Charles S. Yeaton. First 
Officers: Sitting P. C, Frank W. Davis; C. C, Anson Oilman; V. C, Nathaniel M. Neal; P., Charles 
M. Lander; K. of R. and S., Charles A. Jordan; M. of F., Charles S. Yeaton; M. of E., Addison A. 
Miller; M. at A., George H. Cobb; I. G., Clifford Hutchinson; O. (i., Frank E. Millett. Officer of the 
Grand Lodge. — From the Past Chancellors of Eureka Lodge has been elected one officer of the Grand 
Lodge, viz., George H. Cobb, who was elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1889. Permanent 
Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Eureka Lodge has one 
permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz., Past Grand Prelate George H. Cobb; and has on its rolls 
the following Past Chancellors: E. Fred Bisbee, John C. Blake, D. Clinton Childs, Frank W. Davis, 
Samuel H. Dill, Albion C. Foss, Henry C. French, Anson Oilman, Frank Hartwell, Ansel W. 
Hutchins, Frank E. Millett, Nathaniel M. Neal, James W. Peables, Alvin Phillips, Edgar J. Riker. 
Aretus A. Rowell, Albert R. Savage. Grand Representatives in order of service: James W. Peables, 
Albert R. Savage, Anson Oilman, Alvin Phillips, George H. Cobb, Edgar J. Riker, Henry C. French, 
John C. Blake. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Aretus A. Rowell; C. C. Horace C. Whitman; V. C, 
Eugene M. Mayberry; P., George B. Hodgdon; K. of R. and S., Frank E. Millett; M. of F., Fred A. 
Whiting; M. of E., Warren E. Riker; M. at A., Carrol E. Bailey; I. G., Active H. Corliss; O. G., 
Owen H. Winslow. 

Saint Elmo, No. 55, of Mechanic Falls; instituted December 18, 1885, in 
Bucknam's Hall, by Past Grand Chancellor Montgomery S. Gibson, of Port- 
land, as acting Grand Chancellor, assisted by Grand Vice Chancellor Enoch 
C. Farrington, of Fryeburg, and by members of Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston, 
Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston, and Eureka, 
No. 48, of Auburn. This lodge takes its name from that famous fortress and 



History of Androscoggin County. 



castle of Saint Elmo, which once protected and now looks down upon the 
beautiful city and bay of Naples. 

Charter Members: Edwin H. Damon, Charles H. Dvvinal, Ronello C. Dwinal, Elmer A. 
Faunce, H. Greeley Gerrish, Herbert A. Gerry, Albert H. S. Hall, Elijah C. Heath, Frank B. Jordan, 
Clarence E. Lemos, B. Frank Lunt, Randall F. Mayberry, Elmer E. Morton, Corra J. Packard, Jason 
B. Perry, H. Eugene Pettie, Frank O. Purington, Henry S.Rich, Edwin A. Storer, William H. Storer, 
Lafayette Tenney, George B. Verrill. First Officers: Sitting P. C, B. Frank Lunt; C. C, Frank B. 
Jordan; V. C, Jason B. Perry; P., Elijah C. Heath; K. of R. and S., H. Eugene Pettie; M. of F., 
Randall F. Mayberry; M. of E., Frank O. Purington; M. at A., Henry S. Rich; I. G., Elmer A. 
Faunce; O. G., Corra J. Packard. Past Cfiancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Saint Elmo Lodge 
lias on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Andrew W. Bridge, Oliver C. Bridge, Wallace W. 
Dennen, Charles H. Dwinal, William R. Farris, Frank B. Jordan, B. Frank Lunt, William H. Lunt, 
Randall F. Mayberry, Fred H. McDonald, W. Irving Merrill, Dinion B. Perry, Jason B. Perry, H. 
Eugene Pettie, Frank O. Purington, Henry S. Rich, Albert E. Robinson. Grand Representatives in 
order of service: B. Frank Lunt, Frank B. Jordan, Jason B. Perry, Henry S. Rich, Albert E. Robin- 
son, Andrew W. Bridge, Oliver C. Bridge. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Fred H. McDonald; C. C, 
Maurice C. B. Prince; V. O., Frank R. Harmon; P., Liuwood L. Merrill; K. of R. and S., Ernest F. 
Smith; M. of F., Frank L. Davis; M. of E., Charles N. Burns; M. at A., George A. Goodwin; I. G., 
Harry A. Edgecomb; O. G., George N. Stowe. 

Port Royal, No. 62, of Livermore Falls; instituted April 5, 1888, in 
Grand Army Hall, at Livermore Falls, by Grand Chancellor George W. Hesel- 
ton, of Gardiner. Named Port Royal in honor of the original name of the 
township of Livermore. This lodge meets every Thursday evening. 

Charter Members: David F. Blunt, Alonzo M. Bumpas, Edwin Edgecomb, Frank M. 
Hacker, Frank J. Lindsey, Seriah S. Locklin, Clinton Newman, John N. Parker, Samuel E. Perkins, 
Charles E. Putnam, Houghton H. Putnam, Fred E. Richards, Albert H. Stertivent, Gilbert A. Thomp- 
son, (ieorge F. Wood. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Samuel E. Perkins; C. C, Alonzo M. Bumpas; 
V. C, Fred E. Richards; P., Edwin Edgecomb; K. of R. and S., Seriah S. Locklin; M. of F., David 
F. Blunt; M. of E., Clinton Newman; M. at A., Charles E. Putnam; I. G., Frank M. Hacker; O. G., 
John N. Parker. Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 18!)1,) Port Royal Lodge has on its rolls the 
following Past Chancellors: Alonzo M. Bumpas, Edwin Edgecomb, Clinton Newman, Samuel E. 
Perkins, Houghton H. Putnam, Fred E. Richards, Albert H. Timberlake. Grand Representatives in 
order of service: Samuel E. Perkins, Houghton H. Putnam, Alonzo M. Bumpas, Clinton Newman, 
Edwin Edgecomb. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Fred E. Richards; C. C, Charles E. Putnam; V. C, 
Jesse H. Soule; P., Charles K. Campbell; K. of R. and S., Rosalvin J. Mitchell; M. of F., Frank L. 
Jewell; M. of E., George F. Wood; M. at A., Frank M. Campbell; I. G., John L. Cummings; O. G., 
Charles E. Lawler. 

Major Leavitt, No. 74, of North Turner; instituted March 13, 1891, in 
Keene's Hall, by Grand Chancellor Luther B. Roberts, of Portland, assisted by 
Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase, and Past Grand Prelate Emery 
Bailey, of Auburn. Named Major Leavitt, in honor of Major Archibald D. 
Leavitt, of the 16th Maine Inft., who was mortally wounded at Laurel hill, 
Va, May 24, 1864, and died in Douglass Hospital, Washington, D. C, May 30, 
1864. Major Leavitt was born in Turner, July 15, 1840, and while a student 
in Waterville College, with two of his classmates, raised a company of which 
he was elected captain. August 14, 1862, he was mustered in as captain of 
Co. E; 16th Maine, and January, 1863, was promoted to major of the regiment. 
" He died as he had lived, a pure patriot and a true Christian, leaving as his 
last message, 'Tell my friends I have always tried to do my duty.'" 

Charter Members: Edgar E. Adkins, John M. Adkins, Elton D. Bailey, Walter B. Beals, 
Harry W. Brown, Robert S. Brown, Charles A. Dresser, Francis T. Faulkner, Frank S. French, 



Appendix. 879 

Charles L. Grant, Arthur S. Green, Ernest W. Harris, Sumner A. Holmes, Richard G. House, Crawford 
H. Humphrey, Amos N. Leavitt, Archibald D. Leavitt, Rackley D. Leavitt, Fernando Mason, Frank 
A. Merrill, Henry Morriss, Charles S. Parcher, Edward E. Parker, Rodman J. Pearson, George Phil- 
brick, Elisha Pratt, J. Frank Quimby, Albion L. Robinson, Ezekiel V. Stevens, George S. Stevens, 
Charles B. Sylvester, P^dward B. Tinkham, Thomas A. Tunney. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Ezekiel 
V. Stevens; C. C, Elisha Pratt; V. C, Henry Morriss; P., Rackley D. Leavitt; K. of R. and S., 
Archibald D. Leavitt; M. of F., Ernest W. Harris; M. of P:., Walter B. Beals; M. at A., J. Frank 
Quimby; I. G., Charles L. Grant; O. G., Crawford H. Humphrey. Past Chancellors. — At this date 
(July 1, 1891,) Major Leavitt Lodge has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Francis T. Faulkner, 
Elisha Pratt, Ezekiel V. Stevens. Grand Represent alwes in order of service: Ezekiel V. Stevens, 
Francis T. Faulkner. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Elisha Pratt; C. C, Henry Morris; V. C, Rackley 
D. Leavitt; P., J. Frank Quimby; K. of R. and S., Archibald D. Leavitt; M. of F., Ernest W. Harris; 
M. of E., Walter B. Beals; M. at A., Edward E. Parker; I. G., Charles L. Grant; O. G., Crawford H. 
Humphrey. 

New Auburn, No. 75, of Auburn, instituted May 11, 1891, in Pythian 
Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, Court street, by Grand Chancellor Luther B. 
Roberts, of Portland, assisted by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase 
and Past Grand Prelate Emery Bailey, of Auburn, and by the officers and 
members of Industiy, No. 2, of Levviston, Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, 
Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston, and Eureka, No. 48, of Auburn. With 
two exceptions, all the charter members were residents in that part of the city 
now known as New Auburn, and as the lodge was to be located there it was 
named New Auburn, to indicate its location. May 16, 1891, the lodge leased 
the hall in the block corner of Third and Pulsifer streets for a term of years 
from June 1, 1891, and while it was being changed and im[)roved cf)ntinued to 
hold its meetings in Pytliian Hall on Court street until June 11, 1891, on which 
evening it held its first meeting in its new hall. The lodge now meets every 
Monday evening in its new hall. 

Charter Members: Burt L. Alden, William Ashton, Benjamin F. Beals, Charles C. Blanchard, 
John H. Booth, Albion L. Brackett, Charles P. Brown, Manning J. Burkett, Benjamin T. Chase, 
Russell Daggett, Wirt V. Daggett, George P. Day, Horace C. Day, Albert Duckworth, Fred C. Gray, 
Isaac N. Haskell, William A. Hilton, Willard E.Jackson, Lucellus D.Leadbetter, Simeon B. Leonard, 
Theophilus Libby, William Lothrop, Lester E. Mace, Thomas Marsden, Elmer McFarland, Elroy L. 
Moody, Albert M. Penley, Burton L. Pitman, George W. Proctor, Nathaniel C. Small, John Small, 
Charles Smith, Harvey J. Smith, Lewis P. Snow, Charles J. Taylor. (Of these charter members, 
Harvey J. Smith was a charter member of Columbia Lodge, No. 26, of Lisbon Falls, from which lodge 
he withdrew May 8, 1801.) First Officers: Sitting P. C, Horace C. Day; C. C, Harvey J. Smith; V. C, 
William Lothrop; P., Thomas Marsden; K. of R. and S., Burton L. Pitman; M. of F., Burt L. Alden; 
M. of E., Simeon B. Leonard; M. at A., William A. Hilton; I. G., Albert Duckworth; O. G., Elroy L. 
Moody. Officer of the Grand Lodge. — Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase was a charter member 
of Highland Lodge, No. 10, of Bridgton, which was instituted February 17, 1874, and was its first O. C; 
was admitted to the Grand Lodge February 4, 1875; was elected Grand Master at Arms at the session 
of 1876; elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 1877; re-elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 
1878; withdrew from Highland Lodge May 8, 1891; became a charter member of New Auburn Lodge, 
No. 75, at its institution. May 11, 1891; elected Supreme Representative at the session of the Grand 
liodge held May 20, 1891, for the term commencing January 1, 1892, and ending December .31, 1895. 
Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) New Auburn 
Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz.. Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase; 
and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Horace C. Day, Albert M. Penley, Harvey J. 
Smith. Grand Representatives in order of service: Albert M. Penley, Horace C. Day. Present Officers: 
Sitting P. C, Harvey J. Smith; C. C, William Lothrop; V. C, Thomas Marsden; P., William A. 
Hilton; K. of R. and S., Benjamin T. Chase; M. of F., Burt L. Alden; M. of E., Sinieon B. Leonard; 
M. at A., Fred C, Gray; I. G., Elroy L. Moody; O. G., Burton L. Pitman. 



559, 



